TAD A6.10 (Driver 7; Pell. Aram. I) INSIDE S772 SNIP SPP] TWO PIS TID NIA TD ;IIP mys) nnn by ows yn .1 f k F oDn spy qo sr ma pom xd imio> opty tD yD Tea por poses [tr] soe 2 73 708 sro pw yo man qwor cbt gma Sy tami ma paw pons y[o]on TBO PAN .3 TTP] SDN pO []PI INN AN Pow. por OPN cODN NTT AEN NTwWa Rnén[ANs] .4 pans mar Sy ooby nny yap aN yD pray xb yD one ost mea O[D [OWN 5 N77 INSIN[N] OMI soy yo aps cer gma yo oi xd ange ops [a}a 1D y> Taw pon [> spon .6 [208 773 AN sp qo or sma Sy rapid gnaw reer -bt essa ropa wa paw TTPO? .7 wTpE soot [POM ODI YD WNT a TTB wp pep yD pray nT N[ TP] 8 TP ANID OPT pind non poxnen por soot sma Sy ppowin xo: pan x> INS ons 721.9 sap NBO Nes Tat Navy YT snin[AN] > .10 OUTSIDE NIPNANS PIsAs TST PS TANAN by ows ye 11 grata by 12 [ [vasA6.10 Driver 7 (Pell. Aram. 1) 71397 INSIDE fron) RT WTP RD TD PIR TTD RYN ND TOTP nYST TnNNA YY OE STATOR The Yo aR > T NMPD To TIT RD ANID DYTAD Md JD PON Payal oF IRs 2 RoTPD Md %9 Yaw > Man Ty2) Pm RNa by Tayr MYA prDY [2IMN [0]>91 EI OK TINK ans Ta (1993 INN qe PII Pon BAN -DON NTA NIN NMwA RNIN inna] ka angan(X] pnax nar oy aay nndy qrp AR YP TAY Xd yD BMA OMNI mA STy plo Alexandes, "Epitologspt Grek Arsames, 69.76 TBR TMA TINK IR Pa AR 2 RTI Ta TITY ND anaoD DYTIa}a MD Jo Mw pon a5 R}yosN NvTpp wo 19 997r Na by YA HT Rnawa VO ber RVIINA YIN Wa pw DOr Aon wap Oya roe [IIA RPDS YO IK RTA TTT Te yr TD TAY Nn DLP] ‘Tayn? band nos Woxnwn pron ror Rn by NBoIAN xd NaN Rd TINK ANK yoy a 2 uD NWT nat RByY YP MALIK] TP 10 OUTSIDE pnna prs ep TnAAS Sy BWIR —Ta11 Order to Preserve and Enhance the Estates INSIDE Late Sth Century BCE. "Prom Arsames to Nakhthor. And now, formerly, when the Egyptians rebelled then Samshek, the former official, strictly suarded our ‘domestic staff and goods *[which are] in Egypt so that there was not any decrease in my estate, Moreover, from elsewhere *he sought *domestc staff of craftsmen of all kinds and ‘ther gofolds in sufficient numbers and made (them over) to my estate. And now, thus have I heard here, that the officials who are *{in Lowler (Eeypt) are being diligent during the tRouBLes. They are strictly guarding the domestic staf and goods oftheir lords. Moreover, they are seeking] others from elsewhere ‘and addling (them) t]o the estate of their lords. But you are not doing so. Now, even formerly I sent (word) to you about this: “You, (be] diligent. ‘Strictly guard tly] ‘domestic staff fand goods] so that there will not be anly decrease in my estate Moreover, from elsewhere “seek “domestic staff of craftsmen “ofall kinds in sufficient numbers, and bring them into my court, and mark them with my brand, and make (them over) to my estate just a the [forlmer “officials *had been doing”. Thus let it be known to you; if there be any decrease in the domestic staff or in my other s00ds “and from elsewhere you do not seek and you do not add to my estate, you willbe strictly called to account and a harsh word will be directed "et you. {Aritahaya knows this order. Rashta is the scribe oursipe “From —_Arsames to Nakhthor the official who isin Lower Eaypt (ADDRESS) "Concerning the instruction "which (SUMMARY) mnnxn by now) w oe inna bx Bene! {3bp? pypAaM BM wHA (AX) NPN PEA WHO Tk ATA BMA WR ,DDd ANY eM we AMX BID! gk aw MaMD eM Xb IMD TpNw A APIA ww DMYDALy] *ow man (9x PayT)9y Tey waNN .NpBoD (MnD3) ;BPIMK BLD]aN waIOT boM DPB? (ax) «wae MyTBT para N{nn (MwE)s] Ww BMPEAY oAyRY > IK NV Sly osm nk mypoe (ovens ornk 9X APHNa BMMWw MIN D2 DNwAN {DWI NoYx DN OMNI Ta Yaw o[>e pposalAh* ewan nawen onx car by marx onnbw ond gx mAY Jburpn $307 Daak HMw INK BIpBE HX rw MAND TPM xd wnfwlbs yonw yp PNM yao pow man bx reaym sow qarwa i201 dw wna rem wen NpsbD (mI) -Dny yn Deel pA arypETe xb ane mypony’ ren yapba on yw DMN BYDDAAD IK BANTWAAD OR: MM? SN TD -8t3n nwp nora pron NDP sow nan Sy wwreIN xbn wn SHON mwa atx yaw smn)! (nam) snnnA DANA Wwe PEA NNANI SK owe — Ta! tox" mEMIAA by"? 18849, 164, 166.67 Don, “Lettre” 838,550, 854; Fitamyer, “Episologaphy”, 18891, 19496; Documents, 313315; Nave, “Aramaic Sei, 282, Figure 6/6; Porten, Archiver, 48,38, 57,261,316; Waleed, 43 RITE by 1228 TEXT AND TRANSLATION ox Wor AR IN oy yo PN In ANA MP 7M no mr xéyp yr Ia on? dimA YX AND nr “pepo 1 From ’Aréam to Marduk the officer who is at ...., Nab@-dalani the officer who is at La‘ir, Zat0hi the officer who is [at] "Arzahin, "Upastabar the officer who is at Arbel, Halgu (?) and Mat-al- Ubai (2), Bagafarna the officer * who is at Sa'lam, Fridafarna and Gavaziina (?) the officers who are at Damascus. ‘And now:—behold! one named Nehtihtr, [my] officer, is going to Egypt. Do you give [him] (as) provisions from my estate in your pro- vinces * every day two measures of white meal, three measures of inferior (2) meal, two measures of wine or beer, and one sheep, and for his servants, 10 men, # one measure of meal daily for each, (and) hay according to (the number of) his horses; and give provisions for two Cilicians (and) one craftsman, all three my servants who are going with him to Egypt, for each and § every man daily one ‘measure of meal; give them these provisions, each officer of you in ‘turn, in accordance with (the stages of) his journey from provinceto province until he reaches Egypt; ¢ and, if he is more than one day in (any) one place, do not thereafter assign them more provisions for those days. ‘Bagasrava is cognizant of this order: Ra&t is the clerk. VIL “TT PS Finn Fy SiN, RnANS pasa sni6S ANNE ND pases 4 Sea pe PIN 1798 xn 5 WON NTH Hyp KTP TWwaD) yetp nyD nn YS BooN 78 LETTER VII 29 “M7 8? Imo>d OVI HD JD Twi Pon PAs py) Vy Ta fA AN po AR HT RPS TO TNS YY Tay1 AVI PY PIR TO}SN p5o1 por “TPS WD yaw JS mn yo) ei POR OAR O53) KT siti wvids NAAN) Fone te FS HHS PAAR ye yy> piay 8? 75 Guo omen ms Vy ppyowy RT WRAY) Bh Alyy ayy now pI PMP NX? Thio> avFw 1D JD WY pon Yay oon POX TH PAK Sx yo AX Ser NI nwa mp1 Ht XEIINI Wy Wa PSP poi Tipp 1 p 1 AAS IY Way PW NT OA TPP yeh yD pay A wap) may wrod ody 7 PIM WOT saym dnd fon pexnen xd FI AN NSyD YT NAN) (2? From "Argam to Nehtihir the © officer who is in Lower Egypt. Concerning there being (any) loss from my estate which is in Egypt. From ’Arsam to Nehtibar: And now:—previously, when the Egyptians revolted, then Bek the former officer took strict eare of our domestic staff d property ? which were in Egypt, so that my estate suffered no of loss; from elsewhere too he sought out enough staff ? of tsmen of various kinds and other property and appropriated to my estate; and here now I hear that the officers who are3° ‘TEXT AND TRANSLATION 4 fin] Lower Egypt are showing themselves active in (the circum- stances of) the disturbances (?) (and) are taking strict care of their lord’s staff and property and are also secking out others from elsewhere $ and adding them to their lord’s estate, while you are not doing so. - ‘Now also I have previously sent (word) to you concerning this matter. Do you show yourselves active ¢ (and) take such strict care of my domestic staff and property, that my estate may suffer no sort of loss; from elsewhere too seek out enough staff of crafts- men of various kinds and bring them into my court and mark them with my brand and attach them to my estate, just as the former ® officers used to do. ‘Thus let it be known to thee: if my domestic staff or other property suffer any sort of loss ® and you do not seek out (others) from elsewhere and appropriate them to my estate, you will be called strictly to account and reprimanded. © *Artahay is cognizant of this order; Rast is the clerk. VIII Amin DNS Kp Anh Vy avIN Prsna 1 8593507 p may “DWE NYD ANND) OOD TMI bY WIN yD MBS pS ex Tax JD YY ne OT YY Jaw [1D "aR maw pap yorma iA 4 mar Tax TP A pIysa NH N25 [M3 HID Wa PAHR OS K ya I aN [a7 > TAS AyD yONAR "7 uy "7 NyyNN "aX pap yma °F Foy owp or ON ND 7 JS TWN YP (DIETS [map by oS LETTER VIIL at Ara) wi Ay F3X Poa ma NP TD TE MIN Ty (pahex J 3 Ry a HSS CN FS FT A ; . pot ama by] SP MN ANN DP RP om ve FINN Dy) Tay RX? xOvAT jour AMA one “opp? na J pep oot RIS YY Yor SuN MA MIR pS oI “72/2 Ro NWT mM NAVY YP MN 1 From "Aréam to Nehtihir the officer, the comptroller (2) and his colleagues the accountants, who are in Egypt. _* From ’Argam to Nehtihar, the comptroller (?) and his colleagues. | And now:—one named Pet6sir, a forester, my servant, has sent © (word) to me (and) said thu: ‘There is one named Pamtn [my father: when] * the rebellion occurred in Egypt, that man perished, and his domain, of which “one named Pamin my father was in possession, a farm of 30 _ ‘ardab, was thereupon abandoned when the women of our house _ perished altogether. [Now give] ? the domain of Pamtn my father to me; bear me in mind (and command that) they assign it to me, (that) T may take possession (of it). Now ’Ariam says thus: If it is as (described in) this account which Petdsiri has sent [to ‘me] concerning that (man) named [Pamdin] « his father (and if), J when the rebellion occurred in Egypt, he perished with the women of [his house and] the domain of that Pantin his father, that farm of 30 ‘ardab, was abandoned and was not attached [to my estate] "Sor given by me to any other of my servants, I forthwith give the _ domain of that PamGn to Petésiri. Do you notify him (that) he ‘take possession (of it) and pay the land-tax 6 to my estate according “to (the rate) which Pamdn his father used indeed formerly to pay. "Asti is cognizant of this order; Rast is the clerk,6 PHILOLOGICAL NOTES here (ep. Cr 83 25 ep. Di 11 5) or be introduced by 9 (Cr 38 3) as after Ayo ‘reached! (Brockelmann). 6. MM, ‘The subject of the sing. verb is NWRNMS, who is mentioned sone as he is in charge ofthe party. WY. ‘The genit. particle recalls the Ace. sa dmi ‘for the day" (Meissner in MA0G. xifi-ii 52-53). UMM, Uncontracted forms of Ji are the rule in Eg.-Aram. texts (ep. D8 3 122;5. Cowley ‘AP.’ 300); contracted forms are late (Ce 81 24, 64 825,9). ‘DAY, ‘The plur. pronoun refers to NNN and his party of 10 persons. BW... 19083, The first name, whose pronunciation the N.-Bab. Bargas()-sacruct or Bacag-gas-sa|sucructt Tallqvist N6N®. 18) exhibits, is of Pers. origin (Bilers in ZDMG. xc 16g), reproducing an O.-Iran. *Baga-sravah- composed of baga “God? and sravah- = xAdos and 30 ‘meaning ‘having (good/bad) repute before God’."”‘The second name may bbe read F773 this will be the O.-Iran.rdita ‘straight, true’ = rdsta-‘right, ust, true’ Bartholomae ibid. 1514, 1526-7, and Nyberg HbP. 1 193); ep. arita~ ‘upright’ (Kent ‘O.-Pers. Lex.’ 171). ‘The M.-Pers. Rasti (Justi ibid. 50) asa proper name is derived from this root; any connexion of the Av. Ardstya = 0.-Pers. Ardsti Justi ibid, 20) and the Ass, A-rava-tu(-a), Acraf-tu-a (Taliqvist ‘APN.’ 28, 306) with it may be doubted (6. Eilers in AOf. xv1 332). LETTER VII [Edited by Kutscher in Kedem 11 66-74] Address. 1, NIMnMND JI. That PID is here prefixed shows that there js an ellipse not of PSD but of NIN or PIN (s. Cowley ‘AP.’ 277) ‘before NN*NNN here as before MMMM NIVUY in the corresponding phrase (ep. Dt 5 6; ep-23). ‘Summary of contents, ‘The summary is almost illegible and whit is restored is largely matter of conjecture based on the contents of the letter. 3¢, PrO3 ‘NPD To rather than PIB; for there does not seem to be room for the relat. particle (ep. Dt 5 2). INstDR 1, 792 NSD. ‘The Eg. papyri have this same phrase (Cp 27 1; ep. Dx 5 6), apparently in reference to the same event (s. p. 9)- ‘having a (good/bad) repute before God! (Monier 494). ible cannot be identified + Formed like Sk. deva-ir Wiliams “Sanskr-Eingl Di * An Aram. TD, even if palacographically pe with the O.Pers. dauid "fiend"; end a comparison of ABW (K 3 2, 10,23, 2543.12 4 12, 31) with NOMA (K4 3) cited to support it (Menasce in BO. xi 1362), is not permissible, since Bagasuitd (not Bagazaultd-) isthe orginal form ‘of that name (Henning; ep. Frye in “HJAS.’ xvtt 460). PHILOLOGICAL NOTES 6 “JBBO(0). As this name in always written with initial B (ep. Cr 74-2 Di 2.4.3 4,741, 2,3 12 4), ita ominsion probably does not represent ‘variant spelling ofa foreign name (Kutscher) but isa sibel error. NT The Aram. NTU (ep. DL7 2, 4, 6,89 2 128, 9, 10) can only be the same word as the N-Dab, garda (Kitschet), which iy of Iran. origin. Its source may be traced to the Av. goraba- (cp. Skt. grha-) ‘house’, from which an O.-Iran. *garda- or ®grda- > O.-Pers. garda~ may be inferred and which the Bab, garde will clearly represents and the Elam, huraf, of which the sense ie oledrys (ep. Skt. riya. ‘domestic servant?) and which is used to render the O.-Pers. maniya~ ‘domestic fai, shows what gordi = NTU must have meant, So too the Bab, 2 ardupatu correspon to the Elam, hurtopati (Henning ap. Gershe. vit in AM., N.s. 11 141-2). The Bab. “Ugardu is a collective term, since individual members of it ae termed gab (King & Thompson ‘CT. 3x 15 74 26) and when named are described as Sa “Ugardu (Clay ‘PBS.’ 11/i. 91 UE. 1-2 202 0, 6). Various officers are mentioned in connexion with them, such as a /Ufaknu (ibid. 2 7), a LU hatri (Clay ‘BEUP.’ x/i 92 7) and a LU sipiri (id. 9§ 6), and expecially a LU pitipabaga or ptpibaga iilprecht & Clay “BEUP." me 15 475, 8-9, Clay ibid. ¥/195-73 8m. on Dt. 6 4); but their own proper officer seems to have been the 4Ugarduja~ patu(at (Clay ‘BEUP." xf 95 18 118 54 and ‘PBS. mi 160 5), who once bears an Eg. name (ibid. 91 3-4). The 40 gardu are once described as fa Sari (Clay “BEUP..” x/i 127 4), as also the !Ogardupatu once is (Kriick- mann NBR-Vt. 184 19), and they once have a territorial designation (Hilprecht & Clay “BEUP.’ mx 15 4-5, 8-9). Further, they own fields (Clay ‘PBS.’ mji 2 1, 13 204 7-8) and corn-land (Hilpreche & Clay ‘BEUP.’ rx 101 3, Clay ibid. x 32 10°92 3-4) and receive allowances in kind for their maintenance (Ungnad VaSd. ut 138 1-2 139 1-2). Nothing, hhowever, is known of any duties which the LOgardu or any of these officers may have performed, even though once the LU piipibagd is found acting as an intermediary in the collection of certain dues in kind Hilpreche & Clay ‘BEUP.’ 1x 15 1-12); in connexion with the king or highly placed persons (. Eilers in ZDMG. XC 193-6 and IB. 63-7 and Cardascin A. 79!) 1-2, rma [1] LIT ODN, The final with AO" is unusual but not unparalleled; for, although the suffix of the plur, 1st person pormally ] in Aus, and Eg. texts but HI" in the O.T. (Schacder 1B. 1 42-43, Rowley ‘AOT.” 52), exceptions occur, e.g. in other Eg. texts both 17% (Ce 20 10 30 20) and NIP" (Cr 81 32, 38) and in one of the frag ‘ents ofthis llection the possibly doubtful 9 Dr 3 13). Alternatively P7353 (PIMIR TP ODN has been soagested (Kutscher); but this read jing is open to the objection that there is hardly room for [P7N)X in the fap and tha the order of the words is wrong, as shown by PNR OD £ The component element ofthis tle are the NB, gordu an the O-Pers, patay. > Mer. pat ord (Bartholomac Ail’, Bat; & Else In. 1 66-69); {his fact strengthens the suspiion that the fist like the second clement inte file eof Iran origins64 PHILOLOGICAL NOTES Yor below. Further, the X is written so close to the or that it seems to belong rather to the preceding than to the following word. In any case, the plur. RO is awkward before the following °7Y, for which it is perhaps an error (s. on To). 2. 1n10, ‘The Aram. WWD, if derived from an Tran, source, may be connected with the Av. kasu- litle, small’, to which the M.-Pers. kahit ‘diminution’ and Pers, kdstan (pres. kah) to diminish’ belong (Bartholo- mae AiWVb, 460-1, Nyberg HOP. 1125). ‘The form, however, is unusual; is it based on an O,-Iran. *katant. formed on the analogy of the O.-Iran. mazant- ‘big, great’ with the addition of the O.-Iran_ abstract ending Ova," here appended to *hasan- formed like mason. “great” (Henning)? Syntactically 403 is predieate to MN, so that MM NY MYOD BID means | literally ‘nothing became a loss. 3. IBDN. ‘The Aram. []OD) ropresents the O-Pers. vispazana- ‘ofall aces! (ep. M.-Pers. espeng and Sogd. coyepandss, wyspenk'm ‘of all kinds?) composed of the O.-Pers. vispa- and zana- yévos (Bartholomae Ail, 1464 and Benveniste TS. 277, 279); s0 the Bab, i-facnu ga-ab-bi “all tongues, languages? is used to translate the O.-Pers. [efilpazand in a bilingual inseription (Weissbach in, Z4_xL1v 159 2 9 — 163 2 6). The ‘word here means not so much YB 493 or DYN Ors “12 (Kutscher) ts ‘of various kinds’ (Kent “O.-Pers. Lex.’ 208). {EIEN (Kutscher): ep. Dr. 12 9. “or Nmva by 72Y. The sense of DY TRY ‘made over to, attached to! is brought out by comparing the analogous TBI TAY Np> (Dt 12.6; cp. Co 30 12-13), while the use of 79 in place of may be duc to the analogy of ¥9 ADIN below (ep. Cr 26 18) beside 9 DI (Dan. iv 33); the idiom may be due to Iran. influence (s. Nyberg HOP. 15) 3-5, [1S ++ +MD, Clearly "9 is not a temporal but a subordinating particle introducing indirect oration after PDD (ep. Di. 11 3 w. DL 103), fn which the participles down to [739 depend; elsewhere it is followed by a command or a prayer expressed by the impf. tense (Dr $8 10 3). 4. Rnon[RN] (Kutscher): ep. Di 5 6 7 2% NNDB. The sense of NTI is uncertain, since it occurs nowhere elses is it a common noun meaning ‘rebellion’ or the like (Mittwoch) or per haps the name of a place (Kutscher)? No place so called has been found in Egypt, so that it may be assumed to be a common noun; and, if so, its form suggests neither an Iran, nor an Eg. but a Sem. origin. One verb then that may be thought to explain it is the Acc. ext “to deviate’, which scems, however, to be used only of the moon going out of its course (Rawlinson ‘CIWA.’ nr 54 i 16, ‘Thompson ‘Reports? 153 O. 7); and the sense s0 won hardly suits the present context, while the doubt about the wale initial and final letters inreasrs the tinertainty of the equation, Another verb is the Arab. 3 III ‘was opposite, matched’, which is presumably cognate with the Syr. eje]”= 18 caleitravit, whence Ji&, PHILOLOGICAL NOTES 6s Jise ealeitratio, rixatio (Payne Smith) is derived; for a word meaning ‘recalcitrance, refractoriness! may have come to denote “disaffection zevoltor the lke. "The noun will then be a mace. fform from a me root like the fem. ¥7¥°Y ‘destruction’ in the Targ. dialect.! THRINB. ‘The obvious translation of JMSIRD is perhaps“ themselves’ (Kutscher) asin the O-T. (Dan. vi); a0 the TargAranm, MSINK renders the Hebr. ANY (Ezek. xix 11), JN and MD (Ezek, xxxi 5, 7). This sense, however, is unlikely in the following line, where the verb occurs in a commands it may therefore rather mean ‘showing thems selves active, vigorous, like the Syr. wis valu, eigult (Brockelmans)* but hardly ‘taking the initiative’ after the Hebr. D3) ‘superintended? (Cezelles in Syria xxxit 94", since this isa specialized use, The former rendering is supported by the fet that drBpifduenon, comeDhatrres, tad Sraofkjoarres ae ll translated qaugshso (Payne Smith). Another, not so likely, sense is ‘showing themaelves loyal’ after the Arab, Zal purus et sincerus, fidelis et ingenuus fuit, recte vereque se habuit (Freytag). The verb here hardly corresponds to an O.Pers, hom-tayt- ‘to ative, make an effort’ (Benveniste in Zax. coxttt 305; 8. Kent “O. Pers. Lex 185-6), 5. ome ma 9[y PIED (Kutscher): ep. 9. Apparently ETD is a compromise (Kutscher) between the old SDFNW, for which forms lite AND are evidence (Cooke ‘N-SI 6212, 15 15, 16, 17, Dunand in BMB. u1 733, Cowley ‘AP.” P 717 a 198-9), and the new BAD (Co 34 6); in the O:T. RBBNIB (Dan. v 25) sands beside [242 NIP (Dan. ii 47), while the K. Np fo price conmected to the Q. "79 (Dan. iv 16, 21). ‘That is proper tothe rot is proved by the Assi mais’ (Abel in Schrader’s KB. 1 190-1 31g and Unger Religtele Adadvirari HL ro-t1 ii 193 8. Oppenheim in RIZA. v 112), which the cognate Arab. 355 ‘man’ confirms (¢. Bauer in ZDMG. 1xv1t 342-2). A similar mixed form may be seen in THRE (Ca v11~12; 8. Leondce L-FId-A. §426)2 Inthe Achaemenid empire RT is almost a technsal term for the governor of a province (Andreas in NKGIVG, Phish. KI. 1932 15-16) 5-8, J7a¥... DMG, This clause probably contains not the old order to which RnB TOP refer but the new order which i» the purpose of the present leer, 5. ruth. ‘These two words seem to be written as one here and else- where (6p. Cr 26-6 Dt 129). RINLN) (Kutsches): ep. Du 11 3 13 x. 6, slo] eon (itooc). ‘The restoration off] i cern, since a trace of is clearly visible; consequently an alternative ches) may be discarded. “vee eee £ Or is som connected with RM (Eilers in AOY. xv 334)? + The Aram Pl serves agen dernier te PAL, poses = M-Per, eos >\NoPers. firs ‘victorious (Nyberg in Bronos suv aaesi &a8), Gp Cross 8 Freedman ‘aly Hebrew Ortuograph 52 sss ? : " "This termination has no gonnexion with the Aram. (R)A” (¢.n. on Di 3 6). * Cp. Phoen.+ + 9D. ++ DBD ‘added... to..." (Karatepe 11-12).6s PHILOLOGICAL NOTES BUT (Kutacher): ep. 3. 7. R8AINA. The Acc tarbapu‘stable, stall for catle and ‘esting place’ for those tending them means also ‘court’ of a house or temple as well es “Todging place’ fora ing, when it may be applied even toa town (Muss- Amol); it reappears in’ the M-Aram, R39 ‘courtyard’ of house (Buckler Sordi vii2 17) and the Targ.sAram, X29 “hall (Jastrow). Further, the Aram, 72" 39 = Gr. énlrpomos isthe ttle of a high officer fof the Sassan. court in the trilingual inseription from Armazi (Nyberg in Branos xuwv 233 Aram. 4-6 = Gr. 6), Here P33 denotes the court Of the satrap a the representative ofthe Pers. king in Egypt or Nrapa TWD. ‘The verb seems to be hot the Ace, lara ‘to write’, even though this is used in such similar expressions aH rit! imal of Sundlitw ana fami .. aprat "whose right oF ‘left hand is inscribed by the name of...’ and the like (Gan Nicol) & Ungnad NbR-Vu.1 Gl. 136), tinge this word is not otherise known in the Aram. language (lshough the Hebr. "pit ‘office’ is derived from i), but rather the Syr. sh conciit, dissecuit (Brockelmann), since marks of ownership were com ‘monly incised or scratched in the flesh Strassmaier BT-, Camb, 290 3,5 Dar. 492 2, Dougherty “GCI. 1 194 3+). ‘The noun ie the Ace {ntu/Sintulfind ‘mack of ownership’, whence Yamdtu ‘to mask’ (s. San cold & Ungnad ibid, 152-3) is derived; the M-Aram, 39 ‘matked™ (Ce 28 4, 6) and Parad ‘measuring mata’ on vessels (Levy, Jastrow) come from the same root. Such marks were put not only on beasts and slaves (Ebeling NDBU. 117 13-14 125 38) but alo on buildings (Landsberger & Bauer in ZA. xxx01t 93). 8. N°B[TP] (Kutscher): ep. 1 JTAY. Here the verb may stand elliptically for YT RIVA bY TTAB (ep. 7) of may have the absolute sense of ‘doing’ (cp. 53.1, on Di. +3). ‘JPA FP I. This phrase probably reproduces something like an O.-Pers, *avaltaiy axda biyd (Benveniste in Jr, coxtat 305). 10. (0)3._ If 49 ia retained, there must be an arbitrary change of person as in 38941 (6. n. on 1-2), since Nebtihdr is otherwise addressed Jn the plur. number, which includes his colleagues with him. SME} (Kutsches): ep. DL 13 1°, LETTER VIII [Edited by M, Kémil in BPAC. xlii 1-1) oursipe Address, 1#, BIIMID: ep. DLS 19:3", NPIDTDH, not KETPH] (Kamil): ep. Di 10 1 ‘Summary of contents. 10 18, 1 (3.n.0n 9). 3 (n. on Di. 10 19). ‘The extreme edges of the two lower strips of leather have been frayed. and have become so thin that the last signs preserved on ll. 1-3 of the PHILOLOGICAL NOTES inside are visible on the outside in strips have been tor away, & the photograph. The ends of these two ccorrying the summary of contents with them, 1, MMI BIND. The Aram. BEND, and for which no satisfactory det the context something like ‘treasu MNNN but describes a distinct Which is scarcely an Tran, word ation has been proposed," means from wer’, The term is nota ttle borne by offer, presumably the chief of the 3TD7EN, since the copula separates it from the proper mame in one letter (Dx 11 14, 1); the copula then before MAUD connects this lant of three to the two preceding nouns here as elsewhere (Cr 31 21 70 2) although it may be prefixed to both the lat two of three nouns (Cr 30's1), TTWWE. ‘The Aram, “IOWD as itis written here (ep. Ungnad APE. 94 4 4, Giron in ASAB, xxv1 23-27 Ip 4) of "MDBD as in oF "POW (Co 28 4, 6, 8, 10, 11,17) of “BUD as in 3 (ep. Cooke ‘N-SL. 69 9, 11, 5%, Lidzbarski ESE! 1 113-14 Bit) is the Eg. Priced Copt, nalevoyerpe and Gr. Harovoipis, Herwoips, Heroo(eins (Pretsigte Nb. 290, 319-20), meaning ‘whom Onis has given” (Ranke Pet 123/t5 «. Spiegelberg in Noldeke u 1103) 330M. The sing, NW shows that the in 730M isnot the copula fole lowed by another name but a single term qualifying “IO1D (cp.D 1 2, where it similarly describes JBBID), but its meaning is uncertain. ‘The second and fifth leters may be either “Tor 9, so that several explanations of this term aze possible. ‘The obvious explanation is that an Aves ‘BUM represents an O.-Iran.tvardabara, compounded of Oran, varkas Ax. waraia. ‘tre’ or (according to the tradition) forest snd the common Iran. bara~ ‘bearing’ in the sense of ‘caring for, looking afters the word will then mean ‘one who looks after the trees/foest, forester Arnothes, though remote, possibility (since the Tran, é of which the sound was we familiar to speakers of the Aram. language, was often rendered by the ‘Aram. B) is thatthe first element isthe Ov-lran. vardah- Av. vara ‘Power, energy” and thatthe second ia the same as before (Kimi), but “looking after’ or ‘bearing/being charged with power’ yields a barely ne- ‘eptghle sense which cannot be paraphrased as charge d'afaires(Heming), VDD. The possessive “OM requires the noun to be in the emphate state when definite, as in % NOY ‘my lad” (Ca 63) but in the afelots state when indefinite, as in “1 D0 ‘an eunuch belonging to me” (CA oo, ep. Ce 8 12, 26 13 820 10, 13, 14 28 8, 10 40 4) TD. ‘The Aram. BD isthe Ep. Person ‘the (man) of (the god) Amun” (Ranke Pr. 106, the O.T. under the name of [M08 (er. xiv a5 N. su (Clay ‘PBS.’ ni 104 9) and the Gr. Haulyov, Hayoévs, and Tas otis, and so on (Presitke NB. 263-4) are the tame name Te sort be distinguished from the Aram. JOB (CIS. u/i 122 a 4 188 3) — Eg, Copt. massion meaning 5/8), @ god mentioned in ‘ah. ii 8); the Bab. Pa-mue 33/="29/""IN can have no connexion with an O.-Pers, a- ‘treasure’ nor the Bal DAC)D™ with the Av. airac ~ No (an) ‘head a8 Kal sugges (Hennig). Yea personal tame mare ike AOf. xvi 326)? ‘eens ¢ ne * ‘