Kelainan Autosom Kelas A
Kelainan Autosom Kelas A
AUTOSOM
BY : ALL OF CLASS A
METHODIS 2012
. Syndrome Down.
Syndrome Down.
= Sinonim : Mongolisme, Mongoloid idiocy,
Trisomy-21.
= Tanda-tanda : Tubuh pendek, wajah : kecil,
bulat dan rata, hidung pesek, telinga : letak
rendah, kecil dan hipoplastis, mata: epicanthicfold, Brushfield spot, tangan dan jari : pendek,
simian crease, hipoplasia tlg kelingking, otototot hipotonik.
CONTOH GAMBAR
:
= Kepala panjang, wajah : kecil, bulat,
micronathia,
telinga letak rendah, cutis laxa, horse-shoe
kidney,
syndactyly, hipertelorisme,, ptosis, dll.
= Retardasi mental yang hebat,
=Sitogenetika : trisomy kromosom no.18.
GAMBAR
GAMBAR
SINDROM TURNER
Gambar :
Sindroma Klinefelter
Penderita
SINDROMA CRI-DU-CHAT
atau
Penyebab :
Sindroma ini teradi karena
adanya penghapusan
informasi pada keomosom 5. Penyebab teradinya
penghapusan ini tidak diketahui,tetapi pada sebagian
kasus ,dipekirakan penyebabnya adalah hilangnya satu
keping kromosom 5 pada saat pembentukan sel telur
atau sperma. Kasus lainnya terjadi karena salah satu
orangtua membawa kromosom 5 yang telah mengalami
translokasi (penyusunan ulang)
Ciri ciri :
Ciri - Ciri
Kepalanya kecil
Hidung lebar
Lehernya pendek
Mikroghatia(rahang kecil)
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome
Terjadi
Chromosomal Mutations
& their effects
Karyotype
Chromosomes
Humans
have 23 pairs
Chromosomes
XY)
Nondisjunction Disorder
Nondisjunction
Normal Male
Karyotype
Normal
Female
Turners Syndrome
1 in 5,000 births
45 chromosomes
X only
#23 Monosomy
Nondisjunction
Turners Syndrome
96-98% do not survive to birth
No menstruation
No breast development
No hips
Broad shoulders and neck
Cri-Du-Chat
Syndrome
1 in 216,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY or XX
#5 Deletion of upper
arm of chromosome
Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome
Moon-shaped
face
Heart disease
Mentally retarded
Malformed larynx
Normal lifespan
Aniridia-Wilms Tumor
Syndrome
1 in 50,000,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY or XX
#11 Deletion of upper arm
Aniridia-Wilms Tumor
Syndrome
Mentally retarded
Growth retarded
Blindness
Tumors on kidneys
Short lifespan
Thirteen Q Deletion
Syndrome
1 in 500,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY or XX
#13 Deletion of lower arm
Deformed
Heart disease
Prader-Willi
Syndrome
1 in 5,000,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY=97%
XX=3%
#15 Deletion of lower arm
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Small bird-like head
Mentally retarded
Respiratory problems
Obesity
Short lifespan
Eighteen Q Deletion
Syndrome
1 in 10,000,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY or XX
#18 Deletion of lower arm
Cat-Eye Syndrome
1 in 1,000,000
births
46 chromosomes
XY or XX
#22 Deletion of
bottom arm
Cat-Eye
Syndrome
Fused fingers and
toes
Mentally retarded
Small jaw
Heart problems
Normal lifespan
Four-Ring Syndrome
1 in 10,000,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY or XX
#4 Inversion
Four-Ring Syndrome
Cleft palate
Club feet
Testes dont descend
Short lifespan
Down
Syndrome
1 in 31,000 births
46 chromosomes
XY=97%
XX=3%
#14/21
Translocation
Down
Syndrome
Trisomy
1 in 1,250 births
47 chromosomes
XY or XX
#21 Trisomy
Nondisjunction
Down Syndrome
Short, broad hands
Stubby fingers
Rough skin
Impotency in males
Mentally retarded
Small round face
Protruding tongue
Short lifespan
Pataus Trisomy
Syndrome
1 in 14,000 births
47 chromosomes
XY or XX
#13 Trisomy
Nondisjunction
Pataus Trisomy
Syndrome
Small head
Small or missing
eyes
Heart defects
Extra fingers
Abnormal genitalia
Mentally retarded
Cleft palate
Most die a few
weeks
after birth
Edwards Trisomy
Syndrome
1 in 4,400 births
47 chromosomes
XX=80%
XY=20%
#18 Trisomy
Nondisjunction
Edwards Trisomy
Small head
Syndrome
Mentally retarded
Internal organ abnormalities
90% die before 5 months of age
Jacobs Syndrome
1 in 1,800 births
47 chromosomes
XYY only
#23 Trisomy
Nondisjunction
Jacobs Syndrome
?
Normal physically
Normal mentally
Increase in testosterone
Acne
Normal lifespan
Kleinfelter
1 inSyndrome
1,100 births
47 chromosomes
XXY only
#23 Trisomy
Nondisjunction
Kleinfelter Syndrome
Scarce beard
Longer fingers and arms
Sterile
Delicate skin
Low mental ability
Normal lifespan
Triple X Syndrome
1 in 2,500 births
47 chromosomes
XXX only
#23 Trisomy
Nondisjunction
Triple X Syndrome
Normally physically
Normal mentally
Tall
Fertile
normal lifespan