qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 182-186

maia maWavariani,
harun Cimqe

Se-+h/s+R mimdevrobisaTvis

imisaTvis, rom ganxorcieldes zmniswinisa da zmnis fuZis sinTezuri

morfosintaqsuri warmoqmna, saWiroa, gamoiyos semantikuri velebi
zmniswinebTan Serwymul zmnaTa fuZeebisTvisac.
Cveni azriT, Se-+h/s+R yalibi warmoadgens erT-erT sinTezirebul
semantikur vels, romlis zogadi Sinaarsobrivi maxasiaTebelia: moqmedeba,
procesi, mdgomareoba sxvis mimarT (m. maWavariani, 1980, gv. 44).
gansaxilvel sakiTxs axlavs erTi damatebiTi niuansi: mocemuli modeli,
garda leqsikuri semantikuri niSnebisa, moicavs oden TanxmovniT
warmodgenil mesame piris niSans Hh/s-s. amdenad, gasarkvevia, ra
Sinaarsobriv-funqciuri roli ekisreba mas am semantikur velSi.
ganvixilavT mocemuli zogadi velis (sxvis mimarT moqmedeba, procesi,
mdgomareoba) Sinaarsobriv ganfenas, romelic warmodgenilia konkretuli
leqsikuri donis saqcevi mniSvnelobebis saxiT. amisaTvis saWiroa
gavaanalizoT modelSi Semavali zmnaTa fuZeebis mniSvnelobebi da Se-+h/s-
s funqciebi TiToeuli saqcevis mimarT.
pirveli saqcevi: xmis gamocema sxvis mimarT: am SemTxvevaSi
erTpiriani aqtiuri zmnis amosaval fuZeze (Zirze) Se-+h/s-s darTviT
iwarmoeba orpiriani gardauvali zmna micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli iribi
damatebiT. vnaxoT, ra Sinaarsis fuZeebi (Zirebi) Sedis am saqcevSi.
davasaxelebT ramdenime nimuSs: bzuis is > Se-h-bzuis is mas; knavis is >
Sehknavis is mas; kivis is > Sehkivis is mas (sul 18 zmna). am tipis zmnebs
axasiaTebs Semdegi Taviseburebani: a) aqvT i- Temis niSani, romelic, Cveni
azriT, gamoxatavs xmis permansivobas, mis gabmul xasiaTs; b) qegl-is
mixedviT, isini dasturdeba oden awmyos wreSi; g) maTi zogadi aspeqturi
maxasiaTebelia _ statikuroba. amdenad, isini ver awarmoeben aspeqtur
konkretul opoziciebs da pirobiTad SeiZleba daxasiaTdnen, rogorc
uaspeqto zmnebi. am tipis yvela zmna gardauvalia.
pirveli saqcevis qvesaqcevi: misi Sinaarsobrivi saqcevia agreTve
xmis gamocema sxvis mimarT. zmnebi imave fuZeebs Seicaven, oRond
gansxvavebulad iwarmoebian amosavali gardamavali orpiriani zmnebisagan,
amitom maTi fuZe gavrcobilia. Sdr: a-bzuvl-eb-s is mas (sax. br.) < Se-h-
bzuvlebs is mas (mic. br.). aseve iwarmoeba sxva msgavsi zmnebi: a-
knavlebs>Sehknavlebs; akivlebs>Sehkivlebs (sul 18 zmna). amgvari
transformaciis Sedegad gardamavali zmna xdeba gardauvali, anu, velis
sazrisis Sesabamisad, pirdapiri obieqti gardaiqmneba iribad. amave
qvesaqcevSi Semodis warmoebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli, reduplicirebuli
fuZeebiani zmnebic: maTi amosavalia agreTve orpiriani gardamavali zmnebi
a-gugun-eb-s tipisa: Sehgugunebs, Sestiktikebs, Sehyayanebs, Sehyroyinebs is
mas (mic. br.). Sehbzuvlebs tipis zmnebTan erTad aspeqturi TvalsazrisiT
maT zogi saintereso Tavisebureba axasiaTebs: konteqstis mixedviT es
formebi SeiZleba gamoxatavdnen sxvadasxva tipis aspeqts: a) moqmedebis an
procesis dinamikurobas da namyo-myofadSi srul aspeqts: Sehfrutunebs
(sruli myofadi) _ Sehfrutuna (sruli wyvetili) _ Seufrutunebia
(sruli TurmeobiTi). zmna transformirdeba gardauvlad da pirdapiris
nacvlad warmoqmnis irib damatebas; b) igive forma sxva konteqstSi
SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc statikuri, uaspeqto, oden awmyo mwkrivSi
(pirveli saqcevis sazrisis mixedviT); Sehfrutunebs is mas = frutuniT
exmianeba is mas; g) Tu konteqstis mixedviT imave tipis zmnas moscildeba
iribi damateba da is erTpiriani gaxdeba, maSin is avtomaturad Seicvlis
rogorc semantikur vels (da ara mxolod saqcevs), ise aspeqtur
maxasiaTebels: Sehfrutunebs is + frutuns daiwyebs: erTpiriani,
dinamikuri, procesis sawyisi mdgomareobis gamomxatveli forma
(inqoativi). semantikuri veli: moqmedeba, procesis, mdgomareobis
partituloba.
Se- zmniswinic velis sazrisis Sesabamisad aqtualizebulia meore
diferencialuri mniSvnelobiT: ara mijnasTan miaxloeba/damTxveva, aramed
moqmedeba, procesis, mdgomareobis partituloba. sagulisxmoa, rom am
SemTxvevaSi zmna sxvagvarad awarmoebs TurmeobiTs: Seufrutunia
(Seufrutunebia-s nacvlad).
meore saqcevi: sxvis mimarT cqera (anu mimarTuli xedva).
esenia statikuri, uaspeqto, mxolod awmyos wreSi xmarebuli zmnebi:
Sehfofinebs, Sehyurebs, Sescicinebs is mas (sul 6 zmna). amosavalia medio-
statikuri erTpiriani zmnebi. dadasturda mxolod erTi statikuri zmna
gansxvavebuli warmoebisa: SesCerebia is mas. Taviseburia am mxriv xedva
zmna. sakuTar semantikur velSi is mimarTulebis mixedviT
aramarkirebulia da velis aramarkirebul sawyis wyaros warmoadgens. Cveni
azriT, swored amis gamo konteqstis mixedviT is sxvadasxva mniSvnelobas
iRebs da sxvadasxva velSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes. Sdr., erTi mxriv: xedavs is
mas, naxavs is mas (sax. brunva), naxa man is, unaxavs is mas. es aris
miumarTavi, gardamavali, supleturi zmna, sruli/usruli aspeqtisa (b.
jorbenaZe, 1985, gv. 124). Se- zmniswins saerTod ar dairTavs; meore mxriv:
xedavs is mas, Se[h]xedvs is mas, Se[x]eda man mas _ gardauvali (sxvis
mimarT xedva), oden sruli aspeqtisa. aq sruliad aSkaraa sxvisken
mimarTuli moqmedebis velis sazrisiseuli dawola.
mesame saqcevi: sxvis mimarT moZraoba an romelime saxis sxva
aqtivoba: funqciurad es tipi hgavs zemoganxilul saqcevebs. davasaxelebT
ramdenime nimuSs: Sehbrunavs, Sestrialebs, SesTamaSebs is mas (TamaSiT
gars evleba). amosavali zmnebi erTpiriani statikuri, uaspeqto zmnebia.
Seicavs damatebiT niSans "garSemo"; Sesdevs (aRmarTs), SehfarTxalebs is
mas. zmnebi gardauvali, statikuri, uaspeqtoa (sul 8 zmna).
ra SeiZleba iTqvas am sami saqcevis mixedviT zogadad Se-+h/s yalibis
sazrisiseuli funqciis Sesaxeb? aSkaraa, rom mocemul modelSi
semantikuri dominanti aris Se- zmniswinis ZiriTadi diferencialuri
semantikuri niSani: moqmedebis, procesis, mdgomareobis mijnis markireba,
masTan miaxloeba-mijra/damTxveva. Se- zmniswini uzrunvelyofs am tipis
zmnebis specifikur, miznisken mimarTul xasiaTs da axdens h/s-s SesaZlebel
funqciaTa Soris swored am konkretuli mniSvnelobis aqtualizacias,
ganapirobebs kidec h/s-s warmoqmnas iribi obieqtis (miznis) markirebis
funqciiT, amosavali fuZis mniSvnelobiT gauTvaliswinebeli zogadi
roliT.
meoTxe saqcevi: grZnoba-aRqmis sazrisis ganmcdel pirTan
mimarTebis markireba. am saqcevis statikuri variantebia: Sestkiva mas
guli, Seswevs (ZaluZs) mas is; SesWirs mas is ("yvelasi Se-g-Wirs, Seni Tavi
ki dagviwyebia"). rogorc vxedavT, niSani "sxvis mimarT" aqac ar aris
ugulebelyofili. adamianis gulistkivili, Zala, Wiri da sxva gancda sxvis
mimarT ganicdeba, oRond am tipis zmnebSi erTi garemoeba iqcevs
yuradRebas: statikuri zmnebi pirvelsa da meore pirSi oden manis rigs
hguoben: Semtkiva (SeuZlebelia Sevtkiva), Semwevs (SeuZlebelia Sevwev),
SemWirs (SeuZlebelia SevWir). riT SeiZleba amis axsna? Cveulebriv am
zmnebs inversiuls uwodeben, magram es aris formaluri subieqt- obieqtis
poziciis Senacvlebis dafiqsireba da ara axsna. zmna ki am SemTxvevaSi
sruliad sxva sazriss gamoxatavs. saqme exeba ara subieqts an obieqts,
aramed grZnobis an aRqmis ganmcdels, pirs, romelic CaZirulia am
procesSi, da swored am mxriv aris markirebuli, amitom amis
dasafiqsireblad agreTve gamoyenebuli unda yofiliyo markirebuli piris
niSani, iseTi piris niSani, romelic introvertul inagentur process
gamoxatavs da ara nebelobiT, agentur, mis mier kontrolirebad sagans.
aseTi piri ki mxolod manis rigiT SeiZleba iyos gamoxatuli (m.
maWavariani, 1980). es kargad Cans am tipis dinamikuri zmnebis magaliTze:
Sehbraldeba (Sehbralda, Sehbralebia) mas is; Sescivdeba (Sescivda,
Sescivebia) mas is, Sescxveba (Sescxva, Sescxomia) mas is, oden
srulaspeqtiani formebiT (sul 9 zmna). aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu h/s-s ar
vixmarT, zmna srulebiT sxva Sinaarss gamoxatavs: Secivdeba, Secivda,
Secivebula niSnavs odnav Secivebas da avtomaturad partitivis vels
miekuTvneba. agreTve, Tu am zmnaTagan romelime vinis rigs Seegueba, isev
avtomaturad sruliad sxva mniSvnelobas miiRebs, sxva velSi aRmoCndeba:
Sevwev="raRacas Sig gadavaadgileb". sainteresoa, rom am tipis dinamikuri
zmnebi zogjer eguebian vinis rigs, magaliTad: Sevbraldebi me mas,
Sevjavrdebi, SevZagdebi me mas da misT. magram am SemTxvevaSi neitraluri,
miumarTavi vinis rigi gamoxatavs ara semantikurad markirebul ganmcdels,
aramed gancdis sagans, rac agreTve adasturebs Cvens varauds. magram maSin
Cndeba logikuri kiTxva: ra mimarTulebaSia Tqmuli sxvis mimarT
moqmedebis an procesis ZiriTad sazrisTan? manis rigi xom ar SeiZleba
iyos "sxva"? saqme isaa, rom am SemTxvevaSi procesis mijna, telikuri
wertili swored ganmcdelia, manis rigiTa da iribi, micemiTi brunviT
markirebuli aqtanti, amitom misken aris mimarTuli Se-+h/s- modeliT
nagulisxmevi procesi. Tuki inversiis cnebas raime mniSvneloba eniWeba, is
swored amas gulisxmobs. mijna Semotrialebulia ganmcdelisken da ara
gancdis sagnisken.
mexuTe saqcevi: sxvadasxva saxis moqmedeba sxvis mimarT. am
tipis zmnaTa amosavali forma gamoxatavs sxvadasxva saxis gardamaval
moqmedebas, romelic bunebiTad Seicavs rogorc pacienss, ise im pirs,
romliskenac aris mimarTuli moqmedeba, anu vinis rigis mimarT sxva pirs,
amitom Se- zmniswinis gareSec xorcieldeba semantikuri veliT
nagulisxmevi Sinaarsi: hgvris is mas, sZRvnis is mas, sTavazobs is mas,
hkidebs is mas da misT. ( sul 36 zmna). es zmnebi Tavisuflad awarmoeben
aspeqts da ganarCeven srul/usrul saxeobebs. aq erTi Tavisebureba
SeiniSneba: h/s yovelTvis warmoqmnis oden irib damatebas, magram mas
zogadi rolis garda (sxva) zmnis Sinaarsis mixedviT damatebiT aqvs
sxvadasxva konkretuli aqtanturi rolebic: adresatis (hgvris), miznis
(styorcnis), lokativis (hkidebs) funqciiT. maSin ra funqcia akisria am
SemTxvevaSi Se- zmniswins?
cxadia, rom mas dominanturi semantikuri funqcia aRar ekisreba,
amas itvirTebs zmnis fuZe. Tumca am SemTxvevaSic aqtualizebulia
zmniswinis pirveli diferencialuri niSani _ mijnasTan miaxloeba.
samagierod, am saqcevSi mJRavndeba zmniswinis Zala _ daupirispiros
erTmaneTs sruli da usruli aspeqturi formebi da amaSia misi
dominanturi rolic. enam TiTqos daicva ekonomiis principi da
semantikuri funqciebi proporciulad gaanawila; sadac semantikurad
dominanturia zmnis fuZe, iq ganTavisuflda zmniswinis aspeqtis
mawarmoebeli Zala.
iSviaTad gvxvdeba velebis gadakveTis SemTxvevebic. magaliTad,
Sehberdeba miekuTvneba rogorc sxvis mimarT moqmedebis vels, ise
urTierTmoqmedebis velsac: erTmaneTs Sehberdnen.
xSirad calke aRebuli zmna ver iTavsebs h-/s-s da maSin Se- zmniswini
TviTon warmoqmnis mas iribi obieqtis Sesabamisi rolebiT. magaliTad:
Sehberavs, Sehbuzunubs, SesTamaSebs, Sescicinebs da sxva mravali. am
TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, rom imave funqcias zogjer Se- asrulebs h-/s-
gareSec. magaliTad: Sevedrebs, Sexocavs, SeRiRinebs...
amrigad, Se-+h/s+R yalibSi semantikuri dominanti aris Se-
zmniswinis ZiriTadi diferencialuri niSani: moqmedebis, procesis,
mdgomareobis proqsimaluri mijna, masTan mijra-damTxveva.

damowmebuli literatura

g. gogolaSvili.., 1989 - g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia,

qarTuli enis zmnuri fuZeebis leqsikoni, Tb., 1989.
m. maWavariani, 1980 - m. maWavariani, qcevis kategoriis sakiTxisaTvis:
ike, t. XXII, Tb., 1980.
qegl - qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, t. VII, Tb., 1962.
 b. jorbenaZe, 1985 - b. jorbenaZe, qarTuli enis fakultatiuri
gramatikis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1985.
b. jorbenaZe.., 1988 - b. jorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe, qarTuli enis
morfemebisa da modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, , Tb., 1988.

HARUN CHIMKE, MAIA MACHAVARIANI

THE FOLLOWERS OF SHE-S AND H-S+R

Like other prepositions, "she-" expresses the following relationships: a) semantic

features of a preposition "she-" and a verb root coinside with each other. b) Semantic
features of a preposition "she-" and a verb root are not identical (don’t coinside with each
other). c) the features of prepositionsand directives don’t coinside with each other and in
the cause of it we get general semantic characteristics: the change in action and process.
The order of "she-"+h/s-ch is depended on the verb and its surroundings.
Preposition "she-" activate the function of h/s from the angel of syntax it produces
indirect object with actions, which perform the general ectantive role in the direction of a
subject. If h/s acts without a preposition "she-" in this case the function of "she-" and
h/s coinside and enrich each other.