1 Wall-Thickness Formula
for High-Pressure, High-Temperature Piping
The weld strength reduction factors were set forth in the wall-thickness formula in ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I-2008A and Pressure Piping Code B31.1-2008A.
These factors were discussed and defined based upon Type IV failures in high chromium steels
pipe longitudinal welds in high energy piping systems. And the various creep test data, which
were considered in SHC committees, were referred and reflected on developing the factors.
The first weld strength reduction factors on Type IV creep were set forth in par. 302.3.5(e) in
Pressure Piping Code B31.3-2004. These factors were developed according to the creep
rupture factors in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sec. III subsec. NH. On the other
hand, the weld strength reduction factors in B31.1-2008A were different from the factors in
B31.3-2004, though the factors in B31.3-2004 were referred to developing the factors in B31.12008A. In the short note, the relationship between the factors developed and various data
which were referred to developing stage is discussed, and it was shown that the historical
longitudinal weld failures in the States can be evaluated by using the factors, the creep test
data in high chromium steel welds can be conservatively illustrated by the factors and so on.
Finally it is discussed that the factors in B31.1-2008A are rationally set forth in this time.
Keywords:
:
Cylindrical Shell, Internal Pressure, Minimum Thickness, Creep, Type IV Creep,
Ferritic Steels, Austenitic Steels, Nickel Alloys, Weld Strength Reduction Factors,
Boiler, Piping
1......
Gr. 91
345
ASME
Weld
B31.3-20046
B31.3302.3.5(e)
950 deg-F510
W=0.5
Type IV
Gr. 122
B31.3
47
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Vol.7 2011
P MPa
Domm
S MPa
B31.3
9 JIS B8201
2005
B31.1
B31.3
B31.3
1
W B31.1, Table 102.4.7
1 1
B31.1
W 950 deg-
B31.3, 302.3.5(e)
B31.3
1
2......ASME B31.1
ASME B31.1
1011
3.51
3......B31.1
B31.1 B31.3
tm mm
Carbon (N)
Carbon (SC)
CrMo
CSEF (N+T)
CSEF (SC)
Austenitic
1.00
1.00 0.73
1.00
1000
0.82
0.95
0.68
0.95
deg-F
1050 1100 1150
0.64
0.77
0.50
48
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SQV2A
1,000 deg-F
B31.1
Gr. 11 Gr. 22
3.1 Cr-Mo
Gr. 11 975
deg-F 1 20
Cr-Mo
=8.8 ksi
0.8686 Gr. 22
30 Gr. 111.25Cr-0.5Mo
1,050 deg-F 1
20
1979 2000
70 278
Gr. 11 Gr. 22
B31.1 Cr-Mo
Larson-Miller ParameterLMP
30
B31.1 Cr-
12
Mo
22 14 LMP
Cr-Mo
LMP B31.1
2
9.5
Gr. 11 Gr. 22
Rate
Gr.
t B31.1
13
11 & 22, by Foulds
Ro
Rate
tpipe
B31.1 Cr-Mo
LMP
Rate
LMP/1000
49
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Rate Rate
Rate
B31.3
0.925 13
9Cr-1Mo-V
4 Alloy 800H
B31.3, 302.3.5(e)W
950 deg-F510
B31.3
W=0.5
3 Alloy 800H
subsec. NH Stress
Rupture Factor 3 5
B31.3
B31.3, 302.3.5(e)
3 2.25Cr-1Mo 9Cr-1Mo-
3
B31.3
Type304
B31.3
ASME
Sec. III subsec. NH
Code Case
N-253 14 Reduction
FactorsCC N253
50
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SQV2A
JEAC 3701-200715
(b) 9Cr-1Mo
1,000 deg-F
1,100 deg-F
122 B31.1
2.25Cr-
6 B31.1
B31.3
950 deg-F
CSEFSC
510 W=1.0
B31.3, 302.3.5(e)
B31.1
W=0.5
3.3
16 17
18 10
JIS B8201
2005(3)
3.4 Cr-Mo
2 3
3
Cr-Mo B31.1
t mm
B31.1
P MPa
B31.3
d mm
Cr-Mo
MPa
700 deg-F
ASTM A135 750 deg-F
ASME B&PV
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700 deg-F
T A3
700 deg-F
Gr.91 PWHT
6 B31.1 Cr-Mo
Alloy 800H
B31.3
B31.1
B31.1 Cr-Mo
Cr-Mo B31.3
9Cr-
B31.3
1Mo-V
950 deg-F
Gr. 91 N+T
PWHT
B31.3
1617
B31.1 Cr-Mo
9Cr-1Mo-V
7
16
3
N+T
10 PWHT
N A3
4......
B31.1, Table 102.4.7
B31.3
1B31.3-2004
52
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SQV2A
2B31.1-2008A Cr-Mo
Cr-Mo
PWHT
Cr-Mo
2008.
3B31.1-2008A
3 16
17 3
PWHT
4 17
18 3
4B31.1-2008A N+T
N+T
Gr.91
5B31.1-2008A
December, 2004.
B31.3 2004
Para. 302.3.5(e)
B31.3-2008 B31.1-2008A
Table 302.3.5
ASME B31.1
deg-F
ksi
, 6, 49, 2010.
12M. J. Cohn and S. R. Paterson, Evaluation of
Historical Longitudinal Seam Weld Failures in
Grades 11, 12, and 22 Materials, PVP2008-61245,
Chicago, IL, USA, July 2008.
53
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2006.
15 JEAC 3701-2007
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