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MeasuringElementalEnergyLevelsThroughFlameEmissions

Authors:
Ackles,T.RobertNopar,C.HannaRuppel,J.Matthew

Affiliations:
MatthewRuppels10thGradeChemistryClass,HighTechHighNorth
County,SanMarcos,CA

ExperimentalProcedure
Inthisexperiment,differentsubstancesandtheirenergylevelswereassessedand
evaluatedbybeingignited,eachonebeingobservedforitsuniquecolor.Thedifferenceincolor
wasaresultofthevariouslevelsofenergeticstates.Acontrolwasperformedbyaddingtwo
droppersfullofmethanoltoacleanwatchglass.Thiswasignitedwithalitmatch,andthecolor
wasobserved(seeObservationsforresults).Next,asmallportionofthefirstsample,Lithium
Chloride,wasdispensedtoacleanwatchglass.Thesubstancewaslitonfireandthecolorwas
recordedbelow.Thewatchglasswasallowedtocoolbeforeitwaswashedanddried.The
processlistedabovewasthenrepeatedfortheremainingsubstances,andallobservationswere
recorded.Seebelowtoviewtheresults.
ExperimentalResults
CompoundName

Formula

FlameColor

CH
OH
3

Royalbluewithaflickering
bitofyellowastheflame
dieddown

LiCl

Agenericshadeofbluethat
morphedintoamagentacolor
astheflamegrew

2.CalciumChloride

CaCl
2

Royalbluethatsoon
welcomedaburntorange
colorafterafewseconds

3.CalciumCarbonate

CaCO
3

Adarkertoneofbluewitha
flickeringorangeportion

Control(Methanol)

1.LithiumChloride

Ackles,Nopar1

KCl

Purebluethroughoutthe
flamesentireexistence

5.Borax

Na
B
O
IOH
O
2
4
7
2

Abrightshadeofgreenand
tealthatcontainedalittlebit
offlickeringblueandorange

6.Copper(11)Sulfate

CuSO
4

Simplyblueandatealgreen
tone

Na
B
O
IOH
O
2
4
7
2

Asimilarshadeofgreenand
orangeastheBorax,witha
smallportionofflickering
blue

4.PotassiumChloride

7.Unknown*

*PredictionunknownsubstanceisBorax
ExperimentalObservations
ThefirstsubstancethatwastestedwasMethanol.Whenitwasignited,theflamecolor
wasbluewithabitofflickeringyellow.ThenextsubstancethatwastestedwasLithium
ChloridemixedwithMethanol.Oncethatcaughtfire,theflamecolorwasbothblueand
magenta.ItwasconcludedthattheMethanolwasburningblueandtheLithiumChloridewas
burningmagenta.ThenextsubstancewasCalciumChloridemixedwithMethanol.Theflame
colorcameouttobeblueandorange.ThiswasmostlikelytheresultbecausetheMethanol
burnedblueandtheCalciumChlorideburnedorange.FollowingtheCalciumChlorideand
Methanolcompound,PotassiumChloridewithMethanolwastested.Theflamecolorwasonly
bluetherewerenoflickersofanyothercolor.EitherthePotassiumChloridehadnoeffecton
theMethanol,orthePotassiumChloridealsoburnedblue.Thenextsubstancethatwastested
wastheBoraxwithMethanol.Theflamecolorwasagreenishtealwithflickeringblueand
orange.Thegreencoloremergedbecauseoftheamountofoxygenthatwasintheformulafor
Borax,thebluewasfromtheMethanol,andtheorangecamefromthemixtureofBoraxand
Methanol.ThenextcompoundtestedwasCopper(II)SulfatewithMethanol.Theflamecolor
wasamixturebetweengreenandblue.LiketheBorax,thegreencamefromtheamountof
oxygeninthesubstancesformula,andthebluecamefromtheMethanol.Finally,anunknown
compoundmixedwithMethanolwastested.Theflamehadthreedifferentcolors:greenthat
turnedtoorangewithaflickeringblue.Whatwasthemysterysubstance?SeeCONCLUSIONto
lookattheguess.
Ackles,Nopar2

ScientificConclusion
Usingthedatainthetable,itwasestimatedthatthemysterysubstancewas
Borax
.The
mysteryflamesharedsimilarcharacteristicsastheBoraxasfarascolorwasconcerned.Each
oneoftheelementsinvolvedinBoraxwasusedthroughouttheexperimentinvariousdegrees,so
theguesswasreasonable.Becausethelastsubstancehadtobeonethatwasalreadytested,
Boraxwastheonlylogicalchoice,sinceitwastheonlychemicalthatdisplayedgreen,blueand
orangeinthesameflame.Movingforwardwiththeexperiment,themysterysubstancecouldbe
confirmedbysettingupasidebysidecomparisonwiththeBorax,andseeingiftherewereany
differencesorsimilaritiesbetweenthetwoflames.Bytakingtheguessandtheactualsubstance
andcomparingthem,thefinalcompoundcouldbefound.Ifthetwoflamesdiffered,anotherone
oftheexperimentalsubstancecouldbetestedagainstthemysterycompound,andsoonuntilthe
colorsoftheflamesweresimilar.

Ackles,Nopar3

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