Authors:
Ackles,T.RobertNopar,C.HannaRuppel,J.Matthew
Affiliations:
MatthewRuppels10thGradeChemistryClass,HighTechHighNorth
County,SanMarcos,CA
ExperimentalProcedure
Inthisexperiment,differentsubstancesandtheirenergylevelswereassessedand
evaluatedbybeingignited,eachonebeingobservedforitsuniquecolor.Thedifferenceincolor
wasaresultofthevariouslevelsofenergeticstates.Acontrolwasperformedbyaddingtwo
droppersfullofmethanoltoacleanwatchglass.Thiswasignitedwithalitmatch,andthecolor
wasobserved(seeObservationsforresults).Next,asmallportionofthefirstsample,Lithium
Chloride,wasdispensedtoacleanwatchglass.Thesubstancewaslitonfireandthecolorwas
recordedbelow.Thewatchglasswasallowedtocoolbeforeitwaswashedanddried.The
processlistedabovewasthenrepeatedfortheremainingsubstances,andallobservationswere
recorded.Seebelowtoviewtheresults.
ExperimentalResults
CompoundName
Formula
FlameColor
CH
OH
3
Royalbluewithaflickering
bitofyellowastheflame
dieddown
LiCl
Agenericshadeofbluethat
morphedintoamagentacolor
astheflamegrew
2.CalciumChloride
CaCl
2
Royalbluethatsoon
welcomedaburntorange
colorafterafewseconds
3.CalciumCarbonate
CaCO
3
Adarkertoneofbluewitha
flickeringorangeportion
Control(Methanol)
1.LithiumChloride
Ackles,Nopar1
KCl
Purebluethroughoutthe
flamesentireexistence
5.Borax
Na
B
O
IOH
O
2
4
7
2
Abrightshadeofgreenand
tealthatcontainedalittlebit
offlickeringblueandorange
6.Copper(11)Sulfate
CuSO
4
Simplyblueandatealgreen
tone
Na
B
O
IOH
O
2
4
7
2
Asimilarshadeofgreenand
orangeastheBorax,witha
smallportionofflickering
blue
4.PotassiumChloride
7.Unknown*
*PredictionunknownsubstanceisBorax
ExperimentalObservations
ThefirstsubstancethatwastestedwasMethanol.Whenitwasignited,theflamecolor
wasbluewithabitofflickeringyellow.ThenextsubstancethatwastestedwasLithium
ChloridemixedwithMethanol.Oncethatcaughtfire,theflamecolorwasbothblueand
magenta.ItwasconcludedthattheMethanolwasburningblueandtheLithiumChloridewas
burningmagenta.ThenextsubstancewasCalciumChloridemixedwithMethanol.Theflame
colorcameouttobeblueandorange.ThiswasmostlikelytheresultbecausetheMethanol
burnedblueandtheCalciumChlorideburnedorange.FollowingtheCalciumChlorideand
Methanolcompound,PotassiumChloridewithMethanolwastested.Theflamecolorwasonly
bluetherewerenoflickersofanyothercolor.EitherthePotassiumChloridehadnoeffecton
theMethanol,orthePotassiumChloridealsoburnedblue.Thenextsubstancethatwastested
wastheBoraxwithMethanol.Theflamecolorwasagreenishtealwithflickeringblueand
orange.Thegreencoloremergedbecauseoftheamountofoxygenthatwasintheformulafor
Borax,thebluewasfromtheMethanol,andtheorangecamefromthemixtureofBoraxand
Methanol.ThenextcompoundtestedwasCopper(II)SulfatewithMethanol.Theflamecolor
wasamixturebetweengreenandblue.LiketheBorax,thegreencamefromtheamountof
oxygeninthesubstancesformula,andthebluecamefromtheMethanol.Finally,anunknown
compoundmixedwithMethanolwastested.Theflamehadthreedifferentcolors:greenthat
turnedtoorangewithaflickeringblue.Whatwasthemysterysubstance?SeeCONCLUSIONto
lookattheguess.
Ackles,Nopar2
ScientificConclusion
Usingthedatainthetable,itwasestimatedthatthemysterysubstancewas
Borax
.The
mysteryflamesharedsimilarcharacteristicsastheBoraxasfarascolorwasconcerned.Each
oneoftheelementsinvolvedinBoraxwasusedthroughouttheexperimentinvariousdegrees,so
theguesswasreasonable.Becausethelastsubstancehadtobeonethatwasalreadytested,
Boraxwastheonlylogicalchoice,sinceitwastheonlychemicalthatdisplayedgreen,blueand
orangeinthesameflame.Movingforwardwiththeexperiment,themysterysubstancecouldbe
confirmedbysettingupasidebysidecomparisonwiththeBorax,andseeingiftherewereany
differencesorsimilaritiesbetweenthetwoflames.Bytakingtheguessandtheactualsubstance
andcomparingthem,thefinalcompoundcouldbefound.Ifthetwoflamesdiffered,anotherone
oftheexperimentalsubstancecouldbetestedagainstthemysterycompound,andsoonuntilthe
colorsoftheflamesweresimilar.
Ackles,Nopar3