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  • Bordo - Whose Body Is This

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    Carolina Mendes Soares
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    Bordo - Whose Body is This

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    38 tayangan16 halaman

    Bordo - Whose Body Is This

    Diunggah oleh

    Carolina Mendes Soares
    Bordo - Whose Body is This

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 16
    ‘scm maces or renal ot eh pt weccly cars Bess, 1943, 2003 Whose Body Is This? Feminism, Medicine, and the Conceptualization of Eating Disorders By the 1985 meetings of the New York Center forthe Study of Anorexia and Bulimia, palpable dleeasfaction vas evident largely among female clinicians —over the absence of any theotel kcal focus on gender issues. In 1973, when Hide Bruch published her landmark work Estng Dic, she made ithe se of the concept of gender inher interpretation of anorexia, Kim Cheeni, ln The Obsession, was the fist to note tht the vivid descriptions Bruch provides of the anorectic's “bate against the adult devel- ‘pment of her body consistently lack one crucil element: recog nition ofthe significance ofthe fot that this isa fre body whose evelopment is being resisted” Following Bruch, the etiological ‘models that dominated over the next decade emphasized develop- rental issue, family problems, and perceptual andor cognitive “dysfunction.” In each the understanding othe role played by the construction of gender and other socal factors was, atest. shall tnd uneysemati. Developmental and family approaches conceptualized interac ons between mother and child as occuring outside cultral ime and space; the father’ roe was simply ignored. Prceptualiopni- tive models theorized the role of “sociocultural fctors” sally in terms of "the pressure toward thinness,” indoctnation by the thin ethic” what passed fr cultural analysis were sais studies demonstrating the dwindling proportions of Pyty centerfolds and Miss America winners throughout the 3980s. And, In all of this, transactions were imagined a ocurring only between media mages and females, o females and other females (peer presse 6 46 Diu end Contin eBay conforms rom he mote he vost of men nd to poplar ager, the canton ote dses and ae ites the pressures ths trap fo bear on Efe and women, ‘eine ae fatherauger inet wn fox Founder and {ometow unspenlable secretin the prevang parative. Inne place wasthe mono the ea of tenderness explored, etter inthe content of the aoe’ experince ora eral formation that expreses eas, ates, and socal changes (come rated to gece, some nt nich deper than the meey fest ashe ened vo” iea isn indus" ype were colecvely contacted a thea nea whimsical and eprcosenemy, copie onder ing and framing passive and impressionable young gis by Incas of whatever ager) arbiter decided prose tat sear, Hy thiness shuld bave bam sucha dominant al tural teal inthe twentieth century remained unaddressed the Interpeetition of repecetations wis viewed a culsde te do- tino lineal lvenigaton The one lin mode for which genders 2 hey anal category, the peychoanalyi theorized the anorectic eitance to developing fomale boi he ers of adona reunism, as expensing arses and fantasies of + purely peycho-sertel ttre, suchas ero pregnancyorfatacting the secalaiention cf men. Treitonal Fendi has teen far moe tuned than tera the mic me of he scp, ‘ecogizng for example, thatthe fear of fat on stomachs an trent ha gender acetone that demand interpretation and rot merely indicative of compulsive very to the nest shin trond Bot Felon theory nonetheless (nd character a fled to situate the cata of is analysis ina sociocultural st ting_toapprecte for erample, tha fear of prgoancy may have tore todo wih eso domestic entapinen an win cappresed ect entasis,or hat ate abut the dangers of sea ie telvemert might bea reise responce tothe disdoure of he {sive and let ptr tht eal fo common within doe teat relatonstpe (esc has oosd oo tatoos any treads hysterics were very Wkly actly seal ebsed, ase td egal hypothe oncdens of sexual aban ein he ‘eckgound of the scaled fight from tx of many ane As and in the Histories of bmi a wel? Me Boy TAS? Thus, in 1989, gender either was absent or was theorleed in ‘sents terms by the leading authorities on eating dsorders—a situation that organizers ofthe conference on srorexi and bulla Sought to rectify. To dogo, they had to ell feminist who had been working atthe marglas ofthe ofcal establishment wing for eudiences other than medial professionals, practicing therapy outside the framework of then-dominant models, and developing over the preceding ten years, a very tfferent approach fe the understanding of eating disorders. The theme che forthe 198 ‘conference was “Eating Disorders andthe Pychology of Women and Carol Gilgan and Susie Orbach were invited to be keynote spenkes, Giligan’s tak introduced the audience to Catherine Steiner. ‘Ada’sprovoeatve study of high school women, which revealed ¢ Striking association between problems with fod and body image and emulation of the beaut independent, cool superwoman af mia imagery.” Susie Orbach's talk was a moving argument, ‘rounded in object-relations theory and situated the soccer nfext ofthe construction of femininity, tht the anorectic embod. fc, in an extreme and painfully debilitating way, a psychological struggle characteristic ofthe contemporary sivation of women, Tat situation is one in which a constellation of socal, economic Pychological factors have combined to produce a generation of ‘women who fel deeply awed, ashamed of thet nee, and nat atte to exist unless they transform themselves into worthy newt selves (ead: without need, without want, without bafy)® The ‘mother-daughter relation is an important medium of this process Butt isnot mothers who are to Blame, stressed Orbach, for they too are children oftheir culture, deeply annus over their own ‘ppetites and appearance and arae ofthe fact communis in ‘multitude of ways throughout our clture—that ther daughters ‘hilt to “catch man’ willdepend largely on physical appearance, ‘nd that satisfaction in the role of wile and mater wil hinge oe learning to fed others eather than the semetaphorically en teal For Orbach, anorexia represents one extreme ona continuum on ‘which ll women today find themselves, insofar as they ae Va ‘erble to one degre or another, tothe requirementsofthecultural ‘onstruction of femininity. This nation provoked heated extiiom from the al-male) panel of commentators, two paychintsats ant 8 Discs and Conceptions fh Bay one nicl paychologst. The poll implications of Gligan’s talk had been mised by herrespondens (and by Orbach’), all of whom chose to hear the paper solely as a lament for our cultse' nck of steer forthe “female” valves of connestednest, empathy, and dotherdiectedness. Gilligan's talk was (misinterpreted (as her ‘work frequently) sa simple celebration oftaditonal femininity Tather than a a cxitgue ofthe sex division of lor that assigns “female” values toa separate domestic sphere wile keoping the publi, male space (and “masculinity” a bastion of auteomous elves COrtach’s talk, unambiguows in its indictment ofthe normative construction of femininity in our caltre, was much more troubling tothe panelists. I elicited from them 2 passionate defense of “ta dliinal women” with Orbach the feminist portrayed as unser nd unmothery and the panels est as sympathetic protectors of those groups that Orbach had abused. So, for example, David Garner, cosuthor of Anorecia Newest: A Muliimensonl Pospe- tive fl cbiiged to defend mothers gait the “same” Orbach had attributed to them and the “gilt” she had inflited on them for “choosing traditional values" and being flied by “murring” Steven Levenkeon, author of The Best Lift Gili the Word, ome to the escue ofthe anorectic herselt—that “skinny Kd in your office," ashe called her, whore suffering Orbach had failed to fpprecite adequately (in suggesting that her pain could be under: Hood on a continuum with normative female suffering) Here, the feminist crigue was charged with sacrfcing the care of "helpless, chaotic, and floundering” chide inthe interests of “rational” political agenda, The panelists thus represented themselves both better feminist than Orbach (that i, more concer with aca ‘women’s livs), better ”wwomen” (more empathic, morecaring), ad a the same tine daalingly masculine Prince Charmings, rescuing ‘women fom the abstract and uncaring politics of feminism. [Even more provocative than Obach’scritque of theconstruction ‘of femininity, however, wes hee questioning ofthe designation of tating disorders as “pathology.” Al the pants, while remarking fon how perfectly her interpretation tallied vith and ituminated their own clink experience, were uniform in nitizing her ansl- ysis fr (as Willam Davi put it ts "Tack of specie explanatory oneeptions” and “indistinct and unconvincing” theorizing. How Whe Bly TH? gg ‘anitbe that her analysis both explained and filed to explain? This ‘apparent contradiction in the estimation ofthe panel an be ac ‘counted for only by the hidden stipaaton that theory, no matter how well it luminates a given phenomenon, Is inadequate unless Italo sets down general criteria to enable se and precise distin itishing between “normal” and “pathological” members of» pop- ‘hton. This, of course is what Oxtachs theory lacked—o, rather, contested. AS such, tssueda profound challenge toone ofthe most basic and most thoroughly entenched premises of the medical model Inthe clini erature on eating disorders, the taskof description, (9) 233- Mary Mohler, “A New Look st Aner” Li Hae fur (Ape 298. 1 See noe, above, {See Daa Heys interview with Steven Levenson; “Boy Hate.” Ms iy 989 a3 ‘= Midnel Stober, “Anorexia Newoss: History and Package ‘Concepts.”in Browne and Fores, HansoctEnng Dire po “Brumberg, Fisting Gp. {4 is templing to conde that Brumberg simpy does nt under stand what metaphor and analogy sr orp sone such ss tmaecy Proceso the that or tds ma cry meanings ante or oly Ain understood by te sabject Bat Beambergs stad eal the mare perplexing when et, borowing hey fom the fest hewy she ‘ieizes she argues hatte ood renal of Vicon anor shel be Interpreted as a yb "vl," alent and potent form” orton git family expectations eins repression, bd ldo setenony (Geag Gr p. 0). eso Paes 65-71, 308 45, Beumber, Fasting Git, pp 39-37. Revealing, this ample of hip hens nken ney ord fr word by Bre om anise {yan autbr wo wes advocating oe fetngo amore Bt Gad er, "Treatment Refusal in Annes Novos” ema an ae ing Dimon no. Bly a9) 30 Nay ba ly 49. Besmbers, Fein Git. 1: Cornel ae Kaplan, “Anora [Nerrs: Digan Conceptions” pp. apoyt Gin Kala sh iin pen Fars May Beale Aan “Mss ok Tn, ah Be Susan Sq, You Tks Woman Can Never To la Ie se Ie tee 46. Her, even tse who ft nerportd elements of the eins gue nee fo go lute nthe dreon of ftom polit ant

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