qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 159-162

sulxan kupraSvili,
madona robaqiZe

ruseTis imperiuli politika da qarTuli

avtokefaluri eklesia 1801-1811 wlebSi

1801 wlis 12 seqtembers imperatoris xelmoweriT gamoica manifesti,

romelzec momdevno wlis 12 aprils rusis jariT garSemortymul sionis
taZarSi qarTvel warCinebulT iZulebiT moawerines xeli. carizmma gaauqma
bagrationTa samefo prerogativa. daviTi, romelic giorgi XII-m Tavis
sicocxleSive ruseTis samefo karis dasturiT memkvidred daamtkica,
carizmma ruseTs gadaasaxla. ruseTSi gadasaxleba gadauwyvites
saqarTvelos ukanasknel dedofals - giorgi XII-is meuRles mariamsac.
mogvianebiT 1810 wels qarTl-kaxeTis xvedri imereTis samefomac gaiziara,
ruseTma mtkiced moikida fexi saqarTveloSi.
rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba saqarTveloSi mxolod
saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebiT ar dasrulebula, saqme qveynis sulier da
kulturul sferos exeboda. carizmi aSkarad ereoda qarTuli eklesiis
saqmeebSi da cdilobda igi daeqvemdebarebina ruseTis sinodisadmi. es
daqvemdebareba iyo pirveli nabiji mZlavri qarTuli sulier-kulturuli
centris moSlisa da qarTveli mRvdelTmsaxurebis ruseTis samsaxurSi
Cayenebisa. saqarTveloSi saeklesio reformis droulad gatarebas
mTavroba saxelmwifo mniSvnelobas aniWebda. reforma iTvaliswinebda aq
sasuliero dikasteriis Seqmnas, romlis saqmianobazec imperiis
sasargeblod TviTmmarTveloba did imedebs amyarebda. misi SeqmniT unda
dawyebuliyo qarTl-kaxeTis eklesiis `mowesrigeba", romelic, mefis
moxeleTa azriT, Zalze qaosur mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. dikasterias
unda exelmZRvanela sasuliero-saganmanaTleblo samuSaoebisaTvis; misi
pirveli amocana iyo eklesia-monastrebis qonebis aRwera da Semosavlis
dazusteba, sasuliero pirTa raodenobis dadgena da samrevloebis
mowesrigeba. am saqmis ganxorcieleba wilad xvda general tormasovs,
romelsac Teimuraz batoniSvili Semdegnairad axasiaTebs: `kaci ese iyo
mZvinvare, ampartavani da uwyalo" (Teimuraz batoniSvili, 1983, gv. 74-75).
tormasovma mimarTva gaugzavna uwmindesi sinodis oberprokurors
Tavad golicins `saeklesio mamulTa Sesaxeb". oberprokurormac isargebla
am sabuTiT da imperators Sesabamisi moxseneba warudgina. 1810 wlis 28
seqtembers Tavadma golicinma davaleba misca tormasovs: `am SemTxvevisa
gamo, imperatorma miaqcia yuradReba imas, rom uwmindes sinods gavlenac
ara hqonia da arc cnobebi moepoveba qarTuli samRvdeloebis saqmeTa
Taobaze. imperatori avalebs Tqvens maRalaRmatebulebas, raTa umjobesad
mosazrebuli iqmnen am saqmeTaTvis ganzraxuli dadgenilebani, saWiro ars
mihmarToT saqarTveloSi myof mTavarepiskoposs varlams da adgilobriv
garemoebaTa mixedviT warmodgenil iqmnes moxseneba, ra saxiTa da ragvar
safuZvelze moewyos qarTveli samRvdeloebis mmarTveloba, rom is
daeqvemdebaros uwmindes sinods" (aqtebi, 1871, gv. 157-161).
jer kidev 1801 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis imperatoris brZanebulebiT
kaTalikos anton meores daevala Seedgina qarTuli eklesiisa da
samRvdeloebis realuri mdgomareobis zusti aRricxva. mas unda aRewera
saeklesio mmarTveloba da waredgina Tavisi mosazreba am mmarTvelobaSi
sasurveli cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb. vinaidan kaTalikoss qarTuli
eklesiis keTilmowyoba misi neba-survilis mixedviT ki ar miandes, aramed
mxolod cvlilebebis proeqtis wardgena SesTavazes, anton meore mixvda,
ras moiTxovdnen misgan da drois mogebis mizniT am brZanebulebis
Sesrulebas saerTod ugulebelyofda. rusuli xelisufleba ki Tavisi
miznebis ganxorcielebis xangrZlivi vadiT gadadebas sulac ar apirebda.
kaTalikosi anton meore didi gavleniT sargeblobda eklesiis msaxurebsa
da mosaxleobaSi da, raRa Tqma unda, aseTi piris eklesiis meTaurad yofna
ar awyobda mTavrobas. amitom 1811 wels, aTi wlis lodnis Semdeg
`daakmayofila" mTavarmarTebelis moxseneba imis Sesaxeb, rom kaTalikoss
ar ZaluZs qarTul eklesiaSi wesrigis aRdgena ara marto Tavisi
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo, aramed umTavresad mTavarmarTeblis im
mizeziT, rom igi TviTneburad brZanebulobs da upasuxismgeblobas aris
miCveuli, ris uflebasac mas adgilobrivi adaT-wesebis mixedviT misi
mefuri warmoSoba aZlevs (aqtebi, 1871, gv. 162-163).
tormasovma 1810 wlis 3 noembers ruseTSi gadasaxlda kaTalikosi
anton II, xolo 1811 wlis 10 Tebervals Tavad golicins warudgina
saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobis proeqti, romelic pativmoyvare,
ruseTis erTgul varlam erisTavTan erTad iyo SemuSavebuli. am
proeqtiT saqarTvelos eklesiis saTaveSi unda mdgariyo mcxeTisa da
qarTlis mRvdelTmTavari, romelsac mieniWeboda ufleba wodebuliyo
mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropolitad da sinodis egzarqosad,
saqarTveloSi is unda Caricxuliyo uwmindesi sinodis uwyebaSi, romlis
saxelze valdebuli iyo sagangebo SemTxvevaSi egzavna patakebi da
ewarmoebina sazogado miwer-mowera" (iqve).
imperatorma aleqsandre pirvelma 1811 wlis 1 aprils ubrZana
uwmindes sinods ganexila aRniSnuli proeqti. sinodmac moamzada moxseneba,
romelic 21 ivliss warudgina mefes. es moxseneba ukan dabrunebul iqna
mefis rezoluciiT `iqmnes amisaebrT" (iqve, gv. 166-169).
aq, vfiqrobT, sayuradReboa imis garkveva, Tu ratom ar gauqmda
saqarTvelos aneqsiisTanave qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia. im aTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi, roca praqtikulad uprecendento SemTxveva fiqsirdeba
qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis istoriaSi, sakmaod bevri problema
gadaiWra carizmis sasargeblod. 1804 wels SeuerTda guriis samTavro,
xolo 1810 wlisTvis imereTis samefo. ase rom, 1811 wlisaTvis
praqtikulad ruseTis imperiis ideologiurma niRabma - mesame romis
Teoriam - Tavisi roli praqtikulad amowura. amdenad, swored 1811
wlisTvis carizmis saimperatoro karisaTvis sruliad zedmeti gaxldaT
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia.
saqarTveloSi gauqmda mravalsaukunovani kaTalikos-patriarqis
taxti. niJni-novgorodSi gadasaxlebul kaTalikos anton meores saflavic
ki ar aRirses samSobloSi, rac am Rirseuli da Rvawlmosili adamianis
ukanaskneli Txovna iyo. amaze mkacrad ganacxada saqarTvelos
`koloritulma" mTavarmmarTebelma ermilovma: `samSoblos sazRvrebTan
axlosac ki ar gabedos gansvenebao" (aqtebi, 1874, gv. 280).
1811 wlidan kaTalikosis nacvlad sinodis dikasteriisadmi
daqvemdebarebuli egzarqosi daniSnes da pirvel egzarqosad ruseTSi
ganswavluli pativmoyvare episkoposi varlam erisTavi gamogzavnes.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arqiepiskopos varlamisa da general tormasovis
xelmZRvanelobiT moxda saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobis reorganizacia
da ruseTis eklesiasTan misi urTierTobis gansazRvra, rac saeklesio
kanonebis uxeSi darRveva iyo da rasac SemdgomSi savsebiT samarTlianad
mianiSnebda avtokefaliis dabrunebisaTvis mebrZoli qarTuli eklesia,
romelic am aqts anomaliur, antikanonikur da antieklesiurad acxadebda.
`saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba aris ara
nebayoflobiTi SeerTeba erTmorwmune ruseTTan, aramed namoqmedari
`amaqveynis ufrosTan". xolo Tqvens uwmindesobas kargad moexseneba, rom
saeklesio saqmeebSi `sofliur ufrosTa" Carevas RvTaebrivi kanonebi ar
eguebian, mociqulTa kan. 30. 4 msoflio kreba, 12. 7 msofl. kreba, 31…" _
werda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi uwmindesi leonide 1919 wlis 5
agvistos moskovis patriarqs.
amdenad, 1811 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebiT
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis axali, sruliad gansxvavebuli etapi
daiwyo.

damowmebuli literatura

aqtebi, 1871 - Акты собранные Кавказской археографической комисии

под. редакцией А Берже том IV, 1871.
aqtebi, 1874 - Акты собранные Кавказской археографической комисии
под. редакцией А Берже том, VI, 1874.
Teimuraz batoniSvili, 1983 - Teimuraz batoniSvili, axali istoria,
Tb., 1983.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis uwmindesi leonides
epistole moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs uwmindesi tixonis
mimarT (1919 wlis 5 agvisto).
 SULKHAN KUPRASHVILI, MADONA ROBAKIDZE

RUSSIA’S IMPERIAL POLICY AND THE GEORGIAN CHURCH AUTOCEPHALY

IN 1801-1811

In the late half of the 19th century Tsarist Russia waged consistent fight for
trapping the Georgian Church into her ideological grips.
In September 12, 1801 the Emperor signed a manifest by force of which on April
th
12 of the next year, in the Tbilisi Sioni Cathedral surrounded by Russian troops, Russia
imposed the representatives of the Georgian nobility to sign the document of abolishing
Bagrationi House prerogatives. David who had been proclaimed the heir of Giorgi XII by
Russia when the king was still alive was sent in exile. The same fate shared Mariam, the
last queen of Georgia, wife of Giorgi XII. Some eight years later the lot of Kartlo-
Kakheti kingdom extended on Imereti kingdom that accomplished Russia’s footing in
Georgia.
The establishment of the Tsarist government in Georgia would not complete only
with the abolishment of the Georgian statehood. Now Russia began to interfere in the
affairs of the Georgian Church for its subjugation. The government issued a reform
anticipating organization of religious diskateria which would be entitled to lead
Religious-educational activities. The primary task of the diskateria was to count and
register the property of the Georgian Church to figure out all incomes and determine the
number of clergy and make order in the parishes. The government appointed General
Tormasov with personal responsibilities for the implementation of the reform.
Earlier to these events, in February 1801, Russian Emperor issued the order
obliging Catholicos Anton II to draw up the complete data of the real situation of the
Georgian Church and its clergy. The latter did not carry out the task. In November 3,
1810 Tormasov sent Catholicos Anton II in exile and in February 10, 1811 he presented
Golitsin new project of organizing the Georgian Church. According to the project the
bishop of Mtskheta and Kartli should be at the head of the Georgian Church who would
be given a title of Metropolitan of Mtskheta and Kartli and the Exarches of the Synod.
In 1811 the institution of Catholicos was replaced by Exarches, subordinated to
diskateria. The first exarches of Georgia became Bishop Varlam Eristavi, a man educated
in Russia. The abolishment of autocephaly of the Georgian Church marked the new and
different stage of Georgia’s occupation by Russia.