Chapter 11 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Unit 3 Gases
Temperature and Volume
(Charless Law)
Learning Goal Use the temperaturevolume relationship
(Charless law) to determine the final temperature or volume
when the pressure and amount of gas are constant.
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Charless Law
Charless law states that
the temperature (K) of a gas is
directly related to its volume
(V) when P and n are constant
if the temperature (K)
increases, then the volume (V)
also increases

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Figure 11.5 Charless law: The

Kelvin temperature of a gas is
directly related to the volume of the
gas when there is no change in the
pressure and amount of gas. When
the temperature increases, making the
molecules move faster, the volume
must increase to maintain constant
pressure.

Charless Law
Charless law is a direct relationship between
volume and temperature.
A direct relationship between variables means the
variables increase or decrease together.
No change in number of moles
and pressure
All temperatures used in gas law calculations must
be converted to Kelvin (K) temperature.
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Charless Law Equation

The equation for Charless law can be
rearranged to solve for any factor.

To obtain V2, multiply both sides by T2.

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Learning Check
Use the gas laws to complete the following
statements with increases or decreases.
A. Temperature _______ when V decreases.
B. When T decreases, V _______.
C. Pressure _______ when V changes from
12 L to 4 L.
D. Volume _______ when T changes from
15 oC to 45 oC.

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Solution
Use the gas laws to complete the following
statements with increases or decreases.
A. Temperature decreases when V decreases.
B. When T decreases, V decreases.
C. Temperature decreases when V changes from
12 L to 4 L.
D. Volume increases when T changes from
15 oC to 45 oC.

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Learning Check
Solve Charless law expression for T2.

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Solution
Solve Charless law expression for T2.

Cross multiply to give: V1T2 = V2T1

Solve for T2 by dividing through by V1

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Learning Check
A balloon has a volume of 785 mL at 21 oC. If
the temperature drops to 0 oC, what is the new
volume of the balloon (n, P constant)?

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Learning Check
A balloon has a volume of 785 mL at 21 oC. If
the temperature drops to 0 oC, what is the new
volume of the balloon (n, P constant)?
Step 1 Organize the data in a table of initial
and final conditions. We can predict that as T
decreases, V decreases.
Conditions 1

Conditions 2

V1 = 785 mL

V2 = ?

T1 = 21 C = 294 K

T2 = 0 C = 273 K

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Solution
A balloon has a volume of 785 mL at 21 oC. If
the temperature drops to 0 oC, what is the new
volume of the balloon (n, P constant)?
Step 2 Rearrange the gas law equation to
solve for the unknown quantity.
Solve Charless law for V2. Decreasing
temperature decreases the volume when
moles and pressure are constant.

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Solution
A balloon has a volume of 785 mL at 21 oC. If
the temperature drops to 0 oC, what is the new
volume of the balloon (n, P constant)?
Step 2 Rearrange the gas law equation to
solve for the unknown quantity.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A balloon has a volume of 785 mL at 21 oC.
If the temperature drops to 0 oC, what is the
new volume of the balloon (n, P constant)?
Step 3 Substitute values into the gas law
equation and calculate.
When temperature decreases, the volume
decreases as predicted.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.