Basic Chemistry

Fourth Edition

Unit 3 Gases
Temperature and Pressure
(Gay-Lussacs Law)
Learning Goal When the Kelvin
temperature of a gas is doubled at
constant volume and amount of
gas, the pressure also doubles.
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Gay-Lussacs Law
Gay-Lussacs law states
the pressure (P) of a gas is
directly related to its
temperature (K) when V and n
are constant
if the pressure (P) increases,
then the temperature (K) also
increases

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 11.6 Gay-Lussacs law:

When the Kelvin temperature of a
gas is doubled at constant volume
and amount of gas, the pressure also
doubles.

Gay-Lussacs Law
Gay-Lussacs law is a direct relationship between
pressure and temperature.

No change in number of moles and volume.

All temperatures used in gas law calculations
must be converted to Kelvin (K) temperature.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Gay-Lussacs Law Equation

The equation for Gay-Lussacs law can be
rearranged to solve for any factor.

To obtain P2, multiply both sides by T2.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check
A gas has a pressure of 2.0 atm at 18 C.
What is the new pressure when the
temperature is 62 C (V and n constant)?

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 2.0 atm at 18 C.
What is the new pressure when the
temperature is 62 C (V and n constant)?
Step 1 Organize the data in a table of initial
and final conditions. We can predict
that as T increases, P increases.
Conditions 1

Conditions 2

P1 = 2.0 atm

P2 = ?

T1 = 18 oC = 291 K

T2 = 62 oC = 335 K

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 2.0 atm at 18 C.
What is the new pressure when the
temperature is 62 C (V and n constant)?
Step 2 Rearrange the gas law equation to
solve for the unknown quantity.
Solve Gay-Lussacs law for P2.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 2.0 atm at 18 C.
What is the new pressure when the
temperature is 62 C (V and n constant)?
Step 3 Substitute values into gas law
equation and calculate.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check
Use the gas laws to complete with: increases or
decreases.
A. Pressure ______ when T decreases.
B. When T decreases, P ______.
C. Pressure ______ when T changes from 12 L
to 24 L.
Pressure _______ when T changes from
45 C to 15 C.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Basic Chemistry

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
Use the gas laws to complete with: increases or
decreases.
A. Pressure decreases when T decreases.
B. When T decreases, P decreases.
C. Pressure increases when T changes from 12 L
to 24 L.
Pressure decreases when T changes from
45 C to 15 C.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Basic Chemistry

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

10

Learning Check
A gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm at 128 C.
What is the temperature in Celsius if the
pressure increases to 1.50 atm (n and V remain
constant)?

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm at 128 C.
What is the temperature in Celsius if the
pressure increases to 1.50 atm (n and V remain
constant)?
Step 1 Organize the data in a table of initial
and final conditions. We can
predict
that as P increases, T
increases.
Conditions 1
Conditions 2
P1 = 0.750 atm

P2 = 1.50 atm

T1 = 128 oC = 401 K

T2 = ?

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm at 128 C.
What is the temperature in Celsius if the
pressure increases to 1.50 atm (n and V remain
constant)?
Step 2 Rearrange the gas law equation to
solve for the unknown quantity.
Solve Gay-Lussacs law for T2. Increasing temperature
increases the pressure when moles and volume are
constant.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm at 128 C.
What is the temperature in Celsius if the
pressure increases to 1.50 atm (n and V remain
constant)?
Step 2 Rearrange the gas law equation to
solve for the unknown quantity.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution
A gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm at 128 C.
What is the temperature in Celsius if the
pressure increases to 1.50 atm (n and V remain
constant)?
Step 3 Substitute values into the gas law
equation and calculate.
When T decreases, P also decreases.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

Vapor pressure
is the pressure above a
liquid at equilibrium in
a closed container
at the boiling point
vapor pressure
becomes equal to the
external pressure

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Boiling Point of Water

The boiling point of
water
depends on the vapor
pressure
is lower at higher
altitudes

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Boiling Point of Water

An autoclave used to
sterilize equipment
attains a temperature
higher than 100 C.
Increasing the pressure
increases the
temperature.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.