RE ener WO Mie ae eS DEUTSCHE NO! Prifung von Kunststotfen; Zugversuch ‘Supersedes 04.68 edition As it it current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Stenderdization (/SO), the comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker. For connection with draft Standard ISO/DIS 527 ~ 1978 issued by the International Organization for Standardization {1S0), s@ Explanations. Dimensions in mm 1 Purpose and field of application , 1.1. The tensile test in accordance with this standard is used to assess the behaviour of plastics under uniaxial tensile stress. The testing is carried out on selected dependent on the manufacturing conditions for the specimens and on the test conditions and are thus only transferable to the behaviour of plastic products under tensile stress when the stresses occurring at the products conform to the test conditions for the specimen. The tensile test in accordance with this standards primarily tended for quality control. A coniprehensive assess: ment of the behaviour of plastics under tensile stress is only possible if physical properties and tensile strength of testing, temperature, preconditioning). 1.2. The properties which can be de: with this standard are: — tensile strength tensile stress at breake = yield stress or offset yield stress — tensile stress at given elongation = strain at maximum load = strain at break — strain at yield stress Note: The occurrence of a yield stress is dependent on. the type of material and test conditions, 2 Concepts the test and is based on the original gauge length Lo of the specimen, 1) If the type of stress is not obvious from the context, the symbol o shall be given the subscript z (see also DIN 1602). specimens under specific conditions for preconditioning, test atmosphere and speed of testing. The test results are are determined under different test conditions (e.g. speed 2.1 Strain ¢ is the elongation SL at any moment during ex fepresents the strain at maximum load, tg the strain at break, cg the strain at yield stress and eg, the strain at offset yield stress. 2.2. Tensile stress 01) within the meaning of this stand ard is the tensile force at any moment during the test. based on the smallest initial cross section of the specimen measured. 22.1 force. Tensile strength o the tensile stress at maximum. 2.2.2 Tensile stress at break ox is the tensile stress which occurs at break of the specimen. 2.2.3 Yield stress os is the tensile stress at which the slope of the stress-strain curve (see figure 1) is equal to zero for the first time. {In this respect, see also the con- cept “yield point” in DIN 50 148}, In the case of materials without a pronounced yield stress, the offset yield stress may be taken as a substitute quantity for the yield stress, 2.2.4 Offset yield stress os, is the tensile stress at which the force:elongation curve departs from initial linearity AL, and the stress-strain curve by a strain of x % (see figure 1). 2.2.5 Tensile stress at given elongation a, is the partic- ular tensile stress o which is measured when a particular strain ¢ = 1% is reached. 3. Designation of the method Designation for the tensile test on plastics, e.9. for 2 speed of testing of 10 mm/min (3); testing of specimen No. 8: Tensile test DIN 53455 —~ 3-5 “ EL etiSHELest mm OLS Term____] Standard number. Speed of testing (see table 2) ‘Shape of specimen (see figure 3) Continued on pages 2 t0 9 Sele sale nghts of German Sianoares(D-lormen)are wit Bevin Ver oa? (Gmba Benin 90 GIN 53455 Engl. Price group 7 ‘Sales No. 0107raged DIN SS 455 Force F —= Where: Fx Sky “y= Aly my | [| | Als nas : | ite Abs= Sta) | ena i LL Als | if L au, | i i bah i ie Alena oe i Ala | i 3bmn at te Suse ta) Figure 1. Force-elongation curve Maximum force Force at break Force at yield stress Force at offset yield stress Force at i% strain Elongation at meximum force Elongation at breaking force; . 5 Elongation at the force corresponding to the yield stress Elongation at the force corresponding to offset yield stress Elongation specitied for determining the‘ottset viele stress lo * 100 Elongation at /% strain 4ly=DIN 53.455 Page 3 4. Tést equipment 4,1. Testing machi As testing machine, any tensile testing machine of class 1 in accordance with DIN 51221 Part 1 may be used which indicates the load to which the specimen is subjected at any moment of the test and the speed of testing selected in accordance with subclause 8.4.1. It shall, as far as possible, be free from inertia lag in respect of force mea- surement and indication. 4.2. Ektensometer For elongations up to 10 mm, the use of an electrical Measuring instrument is recommended, which can give @ scaled-up recording of the elongation of the gauge length and which will allow the recording of elongations of 0,5 mm with an error not greater than 5%. Elongations greater than 10 mm to 50mm must be deter- ‘mined from the elongation of the gauge length with an accuracy of at least 0,5 mm or better. Elongations greater than 50 mm can be determined with suificient accuracy from the movement of the grips, e.9. from the force-longation curve plotted, in which the distance between the grips before the testis used as the reference length When using specimen No. 5 for flexible film, the gauge and clamping lengths may be the same fot easier deter- mination of strain values and may 8e 100 mm. Note 1: To calculate a reference length which takes into account the shape of thesspecimen, the following equation can be used: aressin 2 Note 2: If a stress-strain curve is to be plotted, then to determine the inclination of the original tangents, the use of a precision extensometer is required 2s is also used for the measurement of the elastic, modulus (DIN 53.457). 4.3 Clamping device The clamping device must meet the following require- ments: — The longitudinal axis of the specimen must be able to be adjusted free of load in the direction of the tensile force. — Fractures caused by the grips shall be able to be largely avoided. — The specimen must not slip relative to the grips. Note: Slipping of the specimen can be avoided, for ‘example, by using automaticaly self-tightening rips or by fitting a crosswise mounted rod. 4.4 Micrometer ‘The micrometer must allow measurement of the thick- ness of the specimens No. 3 to 5 to t 0,01 mm and of specimen No. 5 for film to + 0,003 mm. ; 4.5 Width measuring instrument ‘The width-measuring instrument must allow measure. ment of the width of the specimens to + 0,05 mm. Note: Micrometers and width measuring instruments shall exert a pressure from 0,01 to 0,03 Nimm? fon the specimen. 5 Specimens 5.1 Preparation of the specimens Preparation of the specimen depends on the product to be tested and is governed by the details in the standards, for the product concerned. 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This must be stated in the test report. Test results obtained on this type of specimen can deviate from results obtained on dumb-bell type specimens. If the product to be tested is available as film material in sufficiently wide strips, specimen No. 5 is taken from it ‘in the longitudinal as well as transverse direction. If the product to be tested is avaitable as film stri idth << 15 mm and if the maximum deviation from ‘the meah width is not greater than + 0,1 mm, sections from it are used which have the length of the specimen No. 5 but the width of the strip. Plastic film is understood to mean flat, laminar plastic products with a thickness up to about 0,5 mm for rigid » film and up to about 2 mm for flexible film. Flexible plastic film is understood to be that which has a shear modulus 5) equal to or less than 500 Nimm?. Rigid plastic film is understood to be that which has @ shear modulus greater than 500 N/mm? {see Note 2). Note 1: It is pointed out that in the case of specimens with increasing thickness, the tensile behaviour is influenced due to restriction of the transverse contraction. Note 2: When testing film with a width <15 mm, the condition of the edges produced during prepa ration of the strips is also included in the test result, This is therefore not a test of the film but a test of a specific film strip. . If, when testing very ductile film, the tensile ‘testing machine will not allow sufficient elonga- tion of the specimen for the specimen to break, shorter clamping and gauge lengths must be agreed and these stated in the test report. 5.3. Application of the reference marks Reference marks to determine the strain are applied in 2a suitable way to the specimen as in figure 3. This must not damage the surface of the specimen, i.e. the refer- lence marks must not be scratched, punched or impressed ‘on the specimen. ‘When using marking instruments or adhesive, it must be ensured that the substance used will not affect the material to be tested. : 6 Quantity of specimens : according to test conditions 6.1 If the product to be tested consists of isotropic material, at least 5 specimens are tested. 6.2. Hf the product to be tested consists of anisotropic material, at least 5 specimens are tested per sampling irection (see subclause 5.1). 5) For determining shear modulus, see DIN 53.445, DIN 53455 Film ection 6.3 If the product to be tested is in the form of strip, at least 5 specimens are tested for each {see note 2 on subclause 5.2). 6.4. If the product to be tested is in the form of fiim strip, at least 5 specimens are tested. Note on subclauses 6.3 and 6.4: Experience hes shown that the scatter of the measured values increases with reducing thickness of the film material. A different number of speci recommended for thin films as follows: : Table 1. Mi imum number Film thickness of specimens 0,04 100,1 10 less than 0,04 15 7 Preconditioning Unless otherwise agreed or specified in the technical delivery conditions for the product to be tested, the specimens are stored for at least 16 hours, for arbitration cases 96 hours, in standard atmosphere DIN 50014 — 23/50-2 8 Test procedure 8.1. Thickness and width of the specimen are measured at a minimum of 5 places within the gauge length (see figure 3), Specimens whose maximum and minimum thickness differs by more than 0,1 mm {ivith film by more than 10%) or whose maximum and minimum widths differ by more than 0,1 mm, are not tested. B82 Test atmosphere Where not otherwise agreed or contained in the technical delivery conditions for the product to be tested, the testing iscarried out in standard atmosphere DIN 50014 — 23/50-2 8:3 Clamping the specimen The specimen is clamped in the clamping device so that its longitudinal axis is in the direction of the tensile force ‘and that the specified clamping length (see figure 3) is observed. Tighten the grips uniformly and firmly to prevent the specimen from slipping in the grips (see note on subclause 4 3 8.4 Tensile test 8.4.1. The specimen is subjected to strain at a uniform speed of testing in accordance with table 2 to determine the strength and strain, The test speed is the speed at which the two grips move away from each other during the test, The speed of testing to be selected must be taken from the standards for the product concerned or must be agreed between the parties concerned, Those speeds, of testing to be preferred ar48 DIN 53455 Table 2. Code Corre Speed | number for sponding to of the desig- | mm/min sO + testing ration of . 527 - 1976 the method 1 1 150% Ja ta 2+20% aste 0 2 5+ 20% nm 3 10+ 10% wv loa 20+ 10% v 8 50 10% vi 6 100+ 10% vil 7 200+ 10% | Speed vu 8 500+ 10% | Speed H ‘ \eF speeds are permissible and shall be gradusted in ‘the same way. fa specimen is used which is modified in proportion to rabclause 5.2 or shortened in accordance with note 2 7), subclause 5.2, then the speed of testing must be wy 21tered in the same ratio, value xe ALR 8.4.2 During the test, note the tensile force and/or the SLs maximum force as well 9 the force at break and the associ- ated changes in gauge length. If necessary, measure the ise test duration. Where possible, plot the force: elongation curve. Lo A 8.4.3 With tests in which the specimens do not break 4o within the gauge length, the tensile stress at break cannot be determined. 7 Yield stress and yield strain can only be determined when the reduction in cross-sectional area begins within the gauge length, ‘The strain at maximum force and the strain at break can ‘only be determined when the area of strain is wholly within the gauge length (see DIN 50 145). 8.4.4 To determine the offset yield stress, a force: elongation curve must be plotted. *3 Evaluation o 9.1 The smallest initial cross section Ag is determined from the individual values for thickness and width of the specimen. Key to the symbols in subclauses 9.2 to 9.5: Fimax Maximum force in N FR Force at break in N : Fs Force corresponding to yield stress in N Fs, Force corresponding to offset yield stress in N Ag Initial cross section of the specimen in mm? 9.5 The offset Key to the symbols used in sube! AL pmax elongation in mm at maximum force Id stress og, is determined by drawing 2 parallel to the initial tangent of the force-elongation curve through the abscissa value AL, cofresponding to in of x %. The point of intersection of this line with the force-elongation curve produces the force Fs, Cor- | responding to the offset yield stress. 5 Foy 2 os. = — in Nim Ao In the offset yield stress and the symbolsos,, AL, F sx, Als, and ese, x must be replaced by the numerical of the specified strain deviation x %, e.g. for 1% strain, O55, AL4,Fs1,ALgy and egy se5 9.6 to 9.10: elongation in mm with force at break elongation in mm at yield stress elongation in mm at the force corresponding to offset yield stress initial gauge length in mm forge at i% strain N initial cross section of the specimen in mm? 9.6 Tensile stress at given elongation o, in Nemm2 A Ao The symbol 0; must be provided with the numerical value of the appropriate strain ¢ as subscript, e.g. 0109 for e= 100%, 2.7 Yield strain ey in % Abr 9.9 Strain at yield stress es in % 9.2. Tensile strength op in N/mm? 9.3. Tensile stress at break og in N/mm? Fa care 9.10 3: Lo ts 100 Strain at offset yield stress eg, in % Sksy Lo ts + 1009.11 If the test results are statistically evaluated, the ‘est report shall contain the following details (in this, respect see also DIN 53598 Part 1): = all individual values ~ x; = number of measurements n — arithmetic mean value x = standard deviation 5 Confidence intervals of the mean value at a confidence ‘evel (formerty statistical certainty) P = 95 %. 10. Test report With reference to this stands 2) type, form on delivery and designation of the product b) date of manufacture and method of manufacture of the specimens ©) position of the specimens in the product ¢) shape of the specimens (in accordance with figure 3) €) thickness of the specimens in mm f) mean value 49) width of the specimens in mm |, the test report must state: Standards referred to and further standards DIN 53455 Page 7 hy mean value ‘ j) number of specimens i). preconditioning of the sp k) test atmosphere where this d 1) speed of testing rm) tensile strength og in N/mm? 1) tensile stress at break og in N/mm? ©) yield stress og in N/mm2 ) where necessary offset yield stress ogy i’ N/mm? 4) where necessary tensile stress at given elongation, in N/mm? #) strain at maximum load ¢p in % 5} strain at break cp in % 1) yield strain eg in % 1) where necessary, strain egy in % at offset yield stress ens, jates from this standard V1 if available, force-elongation curve or stress-strain curve wl appearance of the specimens after testing x] conditions deviating from this standard Y¥) date of testing DIN 1602 Strength testing on metallic materials; definitions DIN 50014 Atmospheres and its technical application; standard atmospheres DIN 50 145 Testing of metallic materials; tensile test DIN 51.220 Material testing machines; general directions DIN 51.221 Part 1 Material testing machines; tensile testing machines, general requirements DIN 51.221 Part 2 Material testing machines; tensile testing machines; large tensile testing machines and universal testing DIN 51221 Part3 DIN 53.430 DIN 53.457 DIN 53504 DIN 53571 DIN 53.598 Part 1 DIN EN61 Former editions machines Material testing machines; tensile testing machines, small tensile testing machines Testing of rigid cellular plastics; tensile test Testing of plastics; determination of the modulus of elasticity in tensile, compression and bending tests Testing of elastomers; determination of ultimate tensile strength, tensile strength, elongation at tear and stress values ine tensile test Testing of flexible cellular materials; tensile test Statistical evaluation of random samples, with examples taken from elastomers and plastics testing Glass-fibre reinforced plastics; tensile test DIN 53371: 10.55, 09.59 DIN 53.455: 10.52, 04.68 Amendments Compared with the April 1968 edition, it must be noter {In addition to an editorial revision, the stipulations in t is standard have been changed to take into account the provisions of ISO Standard ISO 527, in this respect, see also the Explanations.eS DINS3455 Explanations This standard largely conforms in substance to the draft ISO 7)/DIS 527 — 1978 “Plas — Determination of tensile properties” — and ISO Recommendation ISO/R 1184 [Plas ics — Determination of tensile properties of films”. In departure from ISO 527, measurement of the elastic modulus is not included, since Standard DIN 53 457 is available for this, Also compared with ISO 527, specimen No. 5 is included for the testing of film. Specimens No. 3 and No. 4 conform to ISO 527 and the same applies to the speeds of testing. lar attention must be drawn to the fact that in the case of materials exhibiting creepage or orientation effects test, the test temperature of 23°C otherwise easy to achieve experimentally is often difficult to produce, or orientation effects can be associated with considerable intrinsic heating of the specimen. Because the dispersal of excess heat is not always easy to achieve experimentally and an appropriate specification would go beyond the scope of a standard, this point has been disregarded. ‘The specifications of European Standard DIN EN 61 “Glassibre reinforced plastics; tensile test” must be observed for the testing of glass-fibre reinforced plastics. With all materials, the test conditions in each case must be selected to conform to the particular properties of the mate rials taking into account the product standards. ‘The particular test results obtained can be supplemented by 8 tabular display of the details of the test procedure (test parameters), The details to be included are given in the following table Example: ow ‘Shape Initial Gauge-| Speed | Maximum Br | samt ne | wets | TM Jerson |fenan | ot [ond seinen ee eT astng | Rese No. °c mm mm mm? mm mm/min N Tensile stress at max. load 3 23 tor | 38 38.4 op = 45 Nimm? 50 50 1730 7) 130: International Organization for StandardizationDIN 5345S Page 9 “aLw | foe [aca | fore | Ata | forces | aba, Jasin} at | teak | ty} vii fe ile orce | treat | force | Suess | stem | svess |” stest Fr |Otee| A | Stn | Fox | Abr me [fom [oe fm [stm ese st opin x |=|PERE i Tene sess abe on nNina? Yates osama? mar Yo sia cain’ Bren sain cain ‘stant yield ess fam x|x}x|x{x| x |x] ‘Shaina tise vides Esa Ls44] bot til i x} xixixlxlx| x | xl] E x |x |x|x|x|x| x [x78 x x |x lx) x) x,x)| x [x x x |x| x|x}x] x |x x During the revision of DIN-58 485, it was proposed that the symbols andor terms should be used as in DIN 50145 “Testing of metallic materials; tensile test” . Proposed in accordance with DIN 50145 Tensile stress ° ° Tensile strength ow Roy Tensile stress at break ou Rx Yield stress os Rs Offset yield stress Os, Rs Stress value 9 R Swain e e Strain at maximum force on Am Strain at break : ‘ee. Au Strain at yield . fs AS Strain at offset yield sires + a on As. Initial cross section . Ao So Maximum force Fras Fa Elongation at maximum force Lema Lew Inclusion of the symbols in the above list — proposed in relation to DIN 50 145 — mittee since standard use of symbol R for strength or stress and symbol A for stra from metals. If international standardization of the symbols used is introduced, the Plastics Standards Committee wi accordingly. fas not able to be agreed by the com- thas not yet been introduced apart revise DIN 53.455