VALOR ABSOLUTO
a si a 0
a =
a si a < 0
a = a
a1 + a2 +
(a )
p q
(a b)
ak
= a pq
p
= a p b p
ap
a
= p
b
b
a
p/q
= a
q
log b N ln N
=
log b a ln a
ak 1 ) = an a0
k +1
( a + b ) ( 1) a n k b k 1 = a n + b n n
k =1
a n k b k 1 = a n b n n
impar
par
/3
1/ 2, 3 / 2
90!
120!
( , + )
45!
2 / 2, 2 / 2
/6
150!
II
30!
tan 45! = 1
3 / 2, 1/ 2
tan 30! =
3
3
+ ( 2n 1) = n
(1,0)
III IV
3 / 2, 1/ 2
5 / 4
210!
2 / 2, 2 / 2
4 / 3
240!
270!
3/2
(0,-1)
3
2
3 / 2, 1/ 2
7 / 4
300!
(1/ 2,
315!
5 / 3
11 / 6
330!
( , ) ( + , )
225!
(1/ 2,
n
a + ( k 1) d = 2a + ( n 1) d
2
k =1
n
= (a + l )
2
n
n
1 r
a rl
=
ar k 1 = a
1 r
1 r
k =1
n
1
k = ( n2 + n )
2
k =1
n
1
2
k = ( 2n3 + 3n 2 + n )
6
k =1
n
1
k 3 = ( n 4 + 2n3 + n 2 )
4
k =1
n
1
4
=
k
( 6n5 + 15n4 + 10n3 n )
30
k =1
0! 2
360!
tan 0! = 0
2 / 2, 2 / 2
3/2
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMTRICAS
sin + cos 2 = 1
1
1
( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
sin sin = 2 sin ( ) cos ( + )
2
2
1
1
cos + cos = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
cos cos = 2 sin ( + ) sin ( )
2
2
sin + sin = 2sin
tan 60! = 3
/4
60!
( +, + )
180!
7 / 6
tg tg =
1
sin ( ) + sin ( + )
2
1
sin sin = cos ( ) cos ( + )
2
1
cos cos = cos ( ) + cos ( + )
2
sin cos =
tg + tg
ctg + ctg
FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS
1 + ctg 2 = csc 2
tg 2 + 1 = sec 2
ex e x
2
e x + e x
cosh x =
2
sinh x e x e x
tgh x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
e x + e x
ctgh x =
=
tgh x e x e x
1
2
sech x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
2
csch x =
=
sinh x e x e x
sinh x =
sin ( ) = sin
cos ( ) = cos
tg ( ) = tg
sin ( + 2 ) = sin
cos ( + 2 ) = cos
tg ( + 2 ) = tg
n! = k
sin ( + ) = sin
k =1
n
n!
, kn
=
k ( n k )!k !
n
n
n
( x + y ) = xnk y k
k =0 k
cos ( + ) = cos
sin ( + n ) = ( 1) sin
sinh :
cos ( + n ) = ( 1) cos
cosh :
tg ( + n ) = tg
tgh :
+ xk ) =
n
tg ( + ) = tg
n
n!
x1n1 x2n2
n1 ! n2 ! nk !
HIP
CA
y ,
2 2
y = cos x y [ 0, ]
xknk
ctgh :
sin ( n ) = 0
cos ( n ) = ( 1)
tg ( n ) = 0
n
2n + 1
= ( 1)
sin
2
2n + 1
=0
cos
2
2n + 1
=
tg
2
CO
sin ( )
cos cos
tg tg =
radianes=180
( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b 2 ) = a 3 + b3
( a + b ) ( a3 a 2 b + ab 2 b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a + b ) ( a 4 a 3b + a 2 b 2 ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 + b5
( a + b ) ( a5 a 4 b + a 3b 2 a 2 b3 + ab 4 b5 ) = a 6 b 6
e = 2.71828182846
k =1
TRIGONOMETRA
1
CO
sen =
csc =
sen
HIP
1
CA
cos =
sec =
cos
HIP
sen CO
1
=
tg =
ctg =
cos CA
tg
( a b ) a n k b k 1 = a n b n n
k =1
CONSTANTES
= 3.14159265359
( x1 + x2 +
( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = a 3 b3
( a b ) ( a 3 + a 2 b + ab 2 + b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a b ) ( a 4 + a 3b + a 2 b 2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 b5
k +1
k =1
1+ 3 + 5 +
( a + b ) ( a b ) = a 2 b2
2
( a + b ) ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
a
b
a
b
a
b
(
)(
) (
) = a 2 2ab + b 2
( x + b ) ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd
( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd
( a + b ) ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
3
( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b3
3
( a b ) = a 3 3a 2b + 3ab 2 b3
2
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
3 / 2, 1/ 2
M
= log a M log a N
N
log a N r = r log a N
k =1
3/2
135!
(-1,0)
k =1
k =1
log a
= c ak
k =1
(a
k =1
( a + b ) ( 1)
LOGARITMOS
log a N = x a x = N
log a N =
2 / 2,
5 / 6
( ak + bk ) = ak + bk
k =1
k =1
= ak
EXPONENTES
ap
= a pq
aq
k =1
(1/ 2,
2 / 2)
ca
k =1
a p a q = a p+q
/2
k =1
a+b a + b
+ an = ak
3 / 4
c = nc
a 0 y a =0 a=0
k =1
(0,1)
2 / 3
a a y a a
ab = a b
SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS
sin = cos
2
cos = sin +
2
[1,
1,1
{0} , 1 1,
sech :
0 ,1]
csch :
{0}
{0}
-3
-4
-5
(
(
)
)
sinh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , x
y = sin x
cosh 1 x = ln x x 2 1 , x 1
y = tg x
tg tg
tg ( ) =
1 tg tg
sin 2 = 2sin cos
cos 2 = cos sin
2 tg
tg 2 =
1 tg 2
1
sin 2 = (1 cos 2 )
2
1
cos 2 = (1 + cos 2 )
2
1 cos 2
tg 2 =
1 + cos 2
1 x +1
ctgh 1 x = ln
,
2 x 1
x >1
1 1 x2
sech 1 x = ln
, 0 < x 1
y = ctg x = tg
1
x
,
2 2
y 0,
1
y [ 0, ]
x
1
y = csc x = sen
y ,
x
2 2
y = sec x = cos
tgh 1 x =
1 1+ x
ln
,
2 1 x
1
csch 1 x = ln +
x
x <1
x2 + 1
, x 0
x
e x = cosh x + sinh x
e x = cosh x sinh x
OTRAS
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
b b 2 4ac
2a
b 2 4ac = discriminante
x=
exp ( i ) = e
( cos i sin )
si ,
LMITES
1
lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
x 0
1
lim 1 + = e
x
x
sen x
lim
=1
x 0
x
1 cos x
lim
=0
x 0
x
ex 1
lim
=1
x 0
x
x 1
lim
=1
x 1 ln x
DERIVADAS
f ( x + x ) f ( x )
df
y
Dx f ( x ) =
= lim
= lim
x 0 x
dx x 0
x
d
(c) = 0
dx
d
( cx ) = c
dx
d
( cx n ) = ncx n1
dx
d
du dv dw
(u v w ) =
dx
dx dx dx
d
du
( cu ) = c
dx
dx
d
dv
du
( uv ) = u + v
dx
dx
dx
d
dw
dv
du
( uvw ) = uv + uw + vw
dx
dx
dx
dx
d u v ( du dx ) u ( dv dx )
=
dx v
v2
d n
n 1 du
( u ) = nu dx
dx
dF dF du
(Regla de la Cadena)
=
dx du dx
du
1
=
dx dx du
dF dF du
=
dx dx du
dy dy dt f 2 ( t )
x = f1 ( t )
=
=
donde
dx dx dt
f1( t )
y = f 2 ( t )
DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
d
du dx 1 du
=
( ln u ) =
dx
u
u dx
d
log e du
( log u ) =
dx
u dx
log e du
d
( log a u ) = a a > 0, a 1
dx
u
dx
d u
du
e ) = eu
(
dx
dx
d u
du
a ) = a u ln a
(
dx
dx
d v
du
dv
u ) = vu v 1
+ ln u u v
(
dx
dx
dx
DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO
d
du
( sin u ) = cos u
dx
dx
d
du
( cos u ) = sin u
dx
dx
d
du
( tg u ) = sec2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( ctg u ) = csc2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( sec u ) = sec u tg u
dx
dx
d
du
( csc u ) = csc u ctg u
dx
dx
d
du
( vers u ) = sen u
dx
dx
DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER
d
1
du
( sin u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1
( cos u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1
( tg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
d
du
1
( ctg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
d
du + si u > 1
1
( sec u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx si u < 1
d
du si u > 1
1
( csc u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx + si u < 1
d
du
1
( vers u ) =
dx
2u u 2 dx
dx
1 + u 2 dx
d
du
1
cosh 1 u =
, u >1
dx
u 2 1 dx
d
1 du
tgh 1 u =
, u <1
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
1 du
1
ctgh u =
, u >1
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1
si
sech 1 u =
dx
u 1 u 2 dx + si
-1
+ si cosh u > 0
-1
si cosh u < 0
{ f ( x ) g ( x )} dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx c
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = 0
m ( b a ) f ( x ) dx M ( b a )
b
m f ( x ) M x [ a, b ] , m, M
f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b
f ( x ) g ( x ) x [ a , b ]
f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx si a < b
b
INTEGRALES
adx =ax
af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx
( u v w ) dx = udx vdx wdx
udv = uv vdu ( Integracin por partes )
u n+1
u du = n + 1
n
du
= ln u
au a > 0
a du = ln a a 1
u
au
ua du = ln a u ln a
u
ue du = e ( u 1)
ln udu =u ln u u = u ( ln u 1)
u
u
1
( u ln u u ) = ( ln u 1)
ln a
ln a
u2
u log a udu = 4 ( 2log a u 1)
u2
u ln udu = 4 ( 2ln u 1)
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO
log
udu =
1
= ln tgh u
2
INTEGRALES DE FRAC
du
1
u
u 2 + a 2 = a tg a
u
1
= ctg
a
a
du
1 ua
2
2
u 2 a 2 = 2a ln u + a ( u > a )
du
1 a+u
2
2
a 2 u 2 = 2a ln a u ( u < a )
INTEGRALES CON
du
= sin
a2 u2
ctg
du
= ln u + u 2 a 2
u 2 a2
udu = ( ctg u + u )
au
au
sin bu du =
cos bu du =
a 2 + b2
e au ( a cos bu + b sin bu )
a2 + b2
1
1
sec u du = 2 sec u tg u + 2 ln sec u + tg u
ALGUNAS SERIES
= u sec u cosh u
u2 1
)
)
= u csc u + cosh u
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP
e au ( a sin bu b cos bu )
f '' ( x0 )( x x0 )
f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x x0 ) +
u
1
u a 2 u 2 = a ln a + a 2 u 2
du
a
1
u u 2 a 2 = a cos u
1
u
= sec
a
a
u 2
a2
u
2
2
2
a u du = 2 a u + 2 sen a
2
u 2
a
2
2
2
2
2
u a du = 2 u a 2 ln u + u a
MS INTEGRALES
udu =
n 1
u
a
du
u 1
sin 2u
2 4
u 1
2
cos udu = 2 + 4 sin 2u
2
tg udu = tg u u
sin
u
a
= cos
d
1
du
, u0
csch 1 u =
dx
u 1 + u 2 dx
e du = e
f ( n ) ( x0 )( x x0 )
n!
f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f ' ( 0) x +
+
f ( n) ( 0 ) x n
2!
: Taylor
f '' ( 0 ) x 2
2!
: Maclaurin
n!
x 2 x3
xn
+ + +
+
2! 3!
n!
x 3 x5 x 7
x 2 n 1
n 1
sin x = x +
+ + ( 1)
3! 5! 7!
( 2n 1)!
ex = 1 + x +
cos x = 1
x2 x4 x6
+
+
2! 4! 6!
+ ( 1)
n 1
x 2 n 2
( 2n 2 ) !
n
x2 x3 x 4
n 1 x
+
+ + ( 1)
2
3
4
n
2 n 1
x3 x 5 x 7
n 1 x
tg x = x +
+ + ( 1)
3
5
7
2n 1
ln (1 + x ) = x