cfly{s ;+s6n] l;sfPsf] kf7

–8f= ljhos'df/ kf}8]n

 ;+s6sf] ;fdfGo lrq
cflv/ ljZjJofkL cfly{s ;+s6sf] rk]6fdf g]kfn klg k/]/} 5f8\of] . o;f] x'g' cToGt
:jfefljs lyof] . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cToGt cljsl;t b]zsf] cy{tGq klg ljleGg9+un]
cGt/f{li6o cy{tGq;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . xfnsf lbgdf g]kfn j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf sfd
ug{ hfg] g]kfnL / ltgn] Nofpg] ljk|]if0f cfosf sf/0fn] a9Ldfqfdf cGt/f{li6«o
cy{tGq;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . clxn] dfq} xf]Og, k|yd ljZjo'4 cufl8 / ;g\ !(#) sf] bzsdf
b]lvPsf] eofgs dGbLn] klg g]kfnL cy{tGqnfO{ k|efljt u/]sf] lyof] . Toltv]/ klg
g]kfnsf] lrg / ef/t;Fu Jofkf/ lyof] . l5d]sL ef/t / rLg qmdzM a]nfotL / hfkgL ;fd|
fHosf pklgj]z /x]sf sf/0fn] ;g\ !(#)sf] dGbLaf6 k|ToIftM k|efljt ePsf lyP . ef/t /
rLgdf dGbLsf] k|efj b]lvPkl5 oL b'O{ /fi6«;Fusf] Jofkfl/s ;DaGw /x]sf] g]kfndf klg
To;sf] c;/ k/]sf] lyof] . o; tYonfO{ b'O{ jif{ cl3g} dgg ug'{kg]{ lyof] / lgjf/s
pkfox?sf] vf]hL ul/xfNg'kYof]{ . b'O{ jif{ cl3 ljsl;t k'FhLjfbL b]zx?df dGbLsf] k|
efj b]lvg z'? e};s]sf] lyof] . dGbLsf] s'rqm ljljw ?k / dfWodaf6 k|s6 x'g]u5{ .
kf]xf]/ ;fn of] cd]l/sL / o'/f]k]nL a}Íx?nfO{ 6f6 kN6fP/ cufl8 cfof] . ta klg g]kfn
;/sf/sf] sfgdf atf; nfu]g, oBlk o;af/]df ;+;bdf cfjfh p7fOPsf] lyof] . ut cfiff9df dfq}
g]kfnsf cy{dGqLn] ;+;bdf o;af/]df eg]sf lyP– …g]kfnsf] k'FhLahf/ cGt/f{li6«o?
kdf hf]l8Psf] 5}g . s'g} klg 7"nf nufgLstf{n] g]kfnL z]o/ ahf/df nufgL u/]sf 5}gg\ .
g]kfnn] klg cGt/f{li6«o k'FhLahf/df nufgL u/]sf] 5}g . o;}n] ljsl;t b]zx?df
b]vfk/]sf] dGbLn] g]kfnnfO{ tTsfn u+eL/ c;/ ug]{ l:ylt 5}g .Ú o; cl3sf cy{dGqLx?
n] klg b'O{ jif{ cl3b]lv oxL s'/fsf] /6 nufO/x]sf lyP . dflg;n] ha Oltxf;af6 lzIff
lng ;Sb}g, ta p;sf] b'u{ltnfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . /l;ofnL ljåfg efl;nL lSnpr]:sLn]
eg]sf 5g\ – æOltxf;n] s]xLklg l;sfpFb}g, t/ o;af6 lzIff glng]nfO{ cjZoklg bl08t
ub{5 .Æ -/a6{ x]na|f]g/, PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] kF'hLjfb, Go'of]s{ M 8ANo'
8ANo', gf]6{g P08 sDkgL, !((#, k[= !# df p4[t _ . a]n}df ;r]t gePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ ca
bl08t x'g] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . cy{tGq ha w/fkdf k5{, ta Go'g cfo ePsf cfd dflg;x?g}
;a}eGbf a9L k|tfl8t x'G5g\ . ulNt gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf x'g]x?n] ub{5g\ / ef]U5g\
Tof] ulNtdf s'g} ;xeflutf gx'g] cfd dflg;x?n] . b}lgs pkef]usf cTofjZos ;fdfgx¿– bfn,
rfdn, g'g, vfg]t]n, lrgL, dl§t]n, vfgf ksfpg] UofF;, nQf–sk8f OToflbsf] efp
cfsflzPsf] 5 . d'b|f l:kmltn] ubf{ cfd dflg;sf] jf:tljs cfo -Real Income_ lgSs} tn
em/]sf] 5 . u/La t afFRg} g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\, lgDgdWod / dWod ju{sf
dflg;nfO{ klg afFRg wf}–wf} ePsf] 5 . dflyNnf] cfo ju{sf dflg;x? klg dGbLsf]
rk]6fdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)^%÷^^sf] klxnf] ltg dlxgfdf /fli6«o yf]s
d"No ;"rsfÍsf] jflif{s ljGb'ut j[l4b/ (=# k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] h'g o;} klg 8/nfUbf] lyof]
eg] clxn] t of] a9]/ !$=* k|ltzt ePsf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf] b]zsf] jt{dfg
cfly{s l:yltsf cg';f/ ;dLIff cjlw-cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] klxnf] ltg dlxgf_ df vfB tyf k]o
kbfy{ ;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfÍ !%=^ k|ltztsf] pRr b/n] a[l4 ePsf] 5 . lrgLsf] d"No t $)=)
k|ltztsf] eofgs a[l4df /x]sf] 5 . ljut ltg jif{ otfsf] d'b|fl:kmlt / dxFuLsf] Psd'i6 k|efjut
d"NofFsg ug]{ xf] eg] o; cjlwdf cl3Nnf jif{x?sf] t'ngfdf g]kfnLx?n] em08} krf; k|
ltzt a9L d"No lt/]/ b}lgs pkef]usf ;fdfg vl/b ul//x]sf 5g\ .
 jiff}+{ eof] g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ 3f6fsf] b/ pRr /x]sf] . o;nfO{ nfx'/]
sdfO{ -/]ld6]G;_ dfkm{t x'g] cfon] wfg]sf] lyof] / ut;fn;Dd xfd|f] e'utfg ;Gt'ng
;sf/fTds /x]sf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)^^÷)^& sf] klxnf] ltg dlxgf;Dddf ;du| zf]wgfGt/
l:ylt ?= !( cj{ $% s/f]8n] 36fdf /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ?= &
cj{ &) s/f]8n] zf]wfgfGt/ art /x]sf] lyof] . @)^^ c;f}h d;fGt;Dddf s'n ljb]zL d'b|
fsf] ;l~rlt o;} jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtsf] t'ngfdf !!=) k|ltztn] 36L ?=@$( cj{ !) s/f]8df ;Lldt
x'g k'u]sf] 5 . @)^% c;f}h d;fGtdf o:tf] ;l~rlt *=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . ljk|]if0f cfk|
jfx cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ^&=# k|ltztsf] pNn]vgLo a[l4sf] t'ngfdf dfq !!=! k|ltztn] a9]sf]
5 . oL ;a} tYofÍn] cy{tGq w/fzfoL x'g] lbzflt/ cufl8 a9]sf] ;+s]t ub{5g\ . ljb]zdf uP/
sfd ug]{ g]kfnLx¿n] k7fpg] /]ld6]G;n] wfg]sf] cy{tGq of] If]qaf6 cfpg]
sdfO{ pNn]vgLo?kn] 36]kl5 ;+s6df kg'{ :jfefljs 5 . lgof{t qmdzM z"Gotflt/
eml//x]sf] 5 . ljk|]if0f cfoaf6 k|fKt x'g] j}b]lzs d'b|f lbP/ ef=?= vl/b u/L
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ pknAw u/fO ef/taf6 x'g] rsf]{ cfoft wflgPsf] lyof] . j}b]lzs d'b|fsf]
;l~rlt 8/nfUbf]9+un] 36]sf sf/0f cfoftdf ;d]t ;d:of x'g] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . cfoftd'vL
/fh:j ;+sngsf] k|lqmof klg o;af6 aflwt x'g] 5 h;af6 cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 d} k|xf/ x'g]
b]lvPsf] 5 .

 s;/L 36\of] /]ld6]G;sf] a[l4b/ <

clxn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf g]kfnLx? ToxfFaf6 7"nf];+Vofdf lj:yflkt ePsf
eg] 5}gg\ . t/ pgLx?sf] jf:tljs cfodf 7"nf] s6f}lt ePsf] 5 . cfly{s ;+s6 ef]u]sf 7"nf–
7"nf ljb]zL sDkgLx?n] ToxfF sfo{/t g]kfnLx¿sf] k|ToIf tna ;d]t s6f}lt ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ tyf klxn] lbg]u/]sf ;]jf;'ljwf vf];]sf va/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . hxfF g]kfnLsfdbf/x?n]
cf]e/6fOd ug{ kfpFy], Tof] vf]l;Psf] 5, hxfF vfgf tyf cfjf;sf] ;'ljwf kfPsf lyP, tL klg
vf]l;Psf 5g\ . 7"nf] C0f sf8]/ ljb]zsf] /f]huf/Ldf k'u]sf g]kfnLx?sf] afu]{lgª Ifdtf
o;}klg sdhf]/ x'G5 . o;}n] pgLx? h;/L ePklg ToxfF l6sL/xg afWo 5g\ . o;} sf/0fn]
ubf{ /]ld6]G;sf] cfk|jfx-Inflow_ sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} /]ld6]G;af6 cfpg] j}b]lzs
d'b|f cfh{gdf sdL cfpg'sf] csf]{sf/0faf/] g]kfnL ahf/df yk of}6f c8snafhL klg 5 .
Tof] xf]– j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfnL ?lkofFdf e'utfgL lbOG5
eGg] xNnf . c8snafhL xNnfsf] ;f/ o:tf] 5– …j}b]lzs /f]huf/ JojzfoLx?n] g]kfnL
gf]6 la|kms]zdf e/]/ ljb]z n}hfg] / g]kfnL sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfo{:ynd} g]kfnL ?lkofFdf
e'utfgL lbg] tyf To;dfkm{t\ k|fKt ljb]zL d'b|f ckrng u/L ;6xLaf6 yk gfkmf vfg] k|
j[lt b]vfPsf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ sfnf]ahf/df j}b]lzs d'b|f hltklg kfOg] t/ cf}krfl/s
Rofgndfkm{t /fi6« a}Ídf hDdf gx'g] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .Ú of] rrf{ /fi6« a}Ís} clwsf/Lx?
ub{5g\ . g]kfnL gf]6 lqe'jg ljdfg:ynsf] af6f] aflxl/g] u/]sf] s'/f eg] oyfy{ xf] . Tof]
s;/L / s]sf nflu aflxl/Psf] xf] eGg] olsg s'/fsf] eg] cg';Gwfg ePsf] 5}g . lagf a}lͪ
Rofgn la|kms]zdf gf]6 aflx/ n}hfg] ul/Psf] 5 eg] o;nfO{ ;'/Iff Joj:yf s8f
ubf{ k'uLxfN5 . o;}n] of] Tolt 7"nf] jf ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] ljifo xf] h:tf] nfUb}g .
b]zdf zflGt;'/Iffsf] cefj klg /]ld6]G;sf] cfk|jfxdf x'g] sdLsf] k|d'v sf/s /x]sf]
dfGg ;lsG5 . oBkL o;af/]df osLg tYofÍsf] cefj 5 tf klg oltrfxL+ ls6fgL;fy eGg
;lsG5 ls ufpFzx/df ;'/Iff gePkl5 ljb]zdf sfd ug]{ g]kfnLx¿n] b]zdf k};f k7fpg
l9nfO{ ug'{ ljNs'n :jfefljs xf] . ljleGg xltof/wf/L ;d"xx?n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf
dflg;x?sf] 3/–3/ kQf nufP/ rGbfsf nflu wDSofpg] / rGbf c;'Ng] u/]sf sf/0f ljb]zdf
uPsf g]kfnLx?n] b]zsf] zflGt;'/Iff g;'lw|P;Dd cfˆgf] sdfO{ pt} /fv]sf 5g\ jf g]kfn
k7fpg l9nfO{ ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . ljut jif{x?sf] t'ngfdf ul/aLsf] k|ltzt
36]sf] 5 t/ wgL / u/Lasf aLrsf] vf8n emg\ eofgs ePsf] 5 . u/LaL 36\g'df ;/sf/sf] ;xL
gLlt / of]hgf xf]Og ls /]ld6]G;sf sf/0fn] dfq xf] eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . o;}n]
zflGt;'/Iffdf e/kbf]{ ;'wf/ ug'{ / g]kfnL >ldsx?sf d"n uGTAo /x]sf d'n"sx¿;Fu
jftf{ u/L tTsfnsf nflu g]kfnL >ldssf] ;+Vofdf s6f}lt gul/lbg s"6gLlts kxn
ug'{ tTsfnsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] pkfo xf] .
 cNksfndf /]ld6]G;sf] ;xL pkof]u / bL3{sfndf ljsNk
bL3{sfndf eg] ;lqmo o'jf >dzlQmnfO{ ljb]lzgaf6 ;s];Dd /f]Sg] gLlt cjnDag
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . xfdLn] a'‰g cfjZos 5– ljb]zsf nflu ef8fsf ;}lgs / >lds pTkfbg ug]
{ b]zsf] kl/ro agfP/ xfdL slxNo} pFef] nfUg] 5}gf}+ . clxn]sf nflu ljb]zdf sfd
ug{ hfg' cfd g]kfnLsf] cflhljsfsf] afWotf / /fi6«sf] klg afWotfsf] ?kdf dfq
a'‰g'kb{5 . ljb]zdf sfd ug{ hfg'nfO{ JolQmn] k|lti7fsf] ?kdf / a9LeGbf a9L >lds
ljb]zdf k7fP/ x/]sjif{ a9\bf]b/df /]ld6\ofG; leq\ofpg ;Sg'nfO{ ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] ;kmntfsf]
?kdf lng] dfgl;stfaf6 d'Qm x'g} kb{5 . ;lqmo >dzlQmnfO{ b]zleq /f]Sg g;s];Dd
b]zljsf; / /fi6«lgdf{0fsf s'/f sf]/f ukm afx]s s]xL x'g;Sg] 5}gg\ .
bL3{sfnLg9+un] ljrf/ ubf{ /]ld6]G;af6 cy{tGq wflgg' /fd|f] s'/f xf]Og .
;qmLo >dzlQm aflxl/g' eg]sf] b]z bL3{sfndf k/fl>t x'g' xf] eGg] :ki6 5 . clxn] g}
xfdLsxfF >dzlQmsf] cefj v6\sL;s]sf] 5 . ;qmLo >dzlQm aflxl/g' eg]sf] cfGtl/s
pTkfbgdf x«f; x'g] lg/Gt/sf] af6f] tof/ ug'{ xf] . s[lif pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/tf dfq}
sfod ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] klg Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng tyf e'utfg ;Gt'ngnfO{ cg's'n agfpg ;xof]u
k'Ug] 5 . clxn]sf] tl/sfn] g t aflxl/g] >dzlQmnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsg]5 g t s[lif pTkfbgdf
b]znfO{ cfTdlge{/g} agfpg ;lsg]5 . g]kfnL >lds clxn]sf] cj:yfdf aflxl/g kg'{ afWotf
xf] t/ o;nfO{ cj;/sf] ?kdf klg pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . /]ld6]G;af6 x'g]
cfonfO{ pkef]ud'vL x'g glbP/ /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf ljsf;–lgdf{0f, pTkfbfgd'ns pBf]u,
hnljB't kl/of]hgf, s[lif tyf ko{6g pBf]ux?df nufgL x'g] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f u/]/ hfg]
xf] eg] /fli6«o k'FhL lgdf{0fsf nflu /]ld6]G; e/kbf]{ >f]t x'g;S5 . cfˆgf] b]zsf]
clwsf+z >dzlQmnfO{ b]zleq} /f]Sgsf nflu Jofks?kdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿sf] ;[hgf ug]
{ sfd clxn]b]lv g} z'? ug]{ / o;} k|of]hgsf nflu /]ld6]G;nfO{ pTkfbgd'ns of]hgfdf
nufgL u/fpg] sfd cfly{s ;+s6af6 l;Sg'kg]{ kf7 xf] . clxn] ljZj:t/sf] cfly{s
dGbLdfkm{t\ g]kfndf b]vf k/]sf] cfly{s ;+s6 ;xL of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf nflu
df}sf klg x'g;S5 . ;d:ofdf gk/L gr]Tg] xfd|f] afgL hf] k/]sf] 5 .

 df}lns gLltsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf] cfjZostf

clxn];Dd xfd|f] b]zn] cfˆgf] df}lnstfdf cfwfl/t bL3{sflng cfly{s of]hgf agfP/
To;df lxF8]sf] 5}g . k~rjifL{o of]hgfx? agfOPsf 5g\ t/ tL s'g} klg k"0f{?kdf nfu"
ul/Psf 5}gg\ . h]–hlt If]qdf b]zsf] df}lnstfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ of]hgf agfOP, tL ;a}
/l2sf] 6f]s/Ldf kmflnP . bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgf -Agricultural Perspective Plan_
nfO{ o:t} pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . agfOPsf /fd|f of]hgfx? nfu' gug]{ / sdhf]/Lx?
sf] klxrfg u/L d"NofFsg gug]{ xfd|f] b]zsf gLlt lgdf{tfx?sf] ;d:of /x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf
xfd|f gLlt lgdf{tfx? / g]tfx¿sf] cy{tGq ;~rfng ;DaGwL ;f]Fr eg]sf] htf eTSof] Tot}
b}nf] eGg] g]kfnL pvfgh:t} /x]sf] 5 . clxn] b]z /]ld6]G;sf] e/df l6s]sf] 5 / o;sf]
a[l4b/ 36\bf -:d/0fLo 5, /]ld6]G; klxn]sf] eGbf 36]sf] x}g, a[l4b/ 36]sf] xf]_
cy{tGq 8fFjf8f]n x'g] cj:yf >[hgf ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] of]hgfcg';f/
g]kfnLx¿ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf x}gg\, clxn] ;+s6 cfpFbf To;nfO{ s;/L /f]Sg] eGg]
of]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/, o;sf tnaL a'l4hLjLx¿, ljkIfdf /x]sf kf6L{sf cflwsfl/s jf kf6L{n]
kTofPsf cy{zf:qLx¿ s;};Fu 5}g . h;n] ljsNk lbg ;S5g\ pgLx?sf] kf6L{sf g]tfx?;Fu jf
;/sf/;Fu kx'F5 5}g . jf:tjdf rfs/L gug]{, cfˆgf] :jfledfgdf cl8g] / ;d:ofsf] j:t'lgi7
ljZn]if0f ug]{ g]kfnL cy{zf:qLx¿ cfh;Dd ;Qfsf] glhs k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ . lxDdtsf ;fy
gofF kfOnf grfn];Dd g]kfnsf] cy{tGqn] lbzfaf]w ug]{ cj:yf klg 5}g . qmflGtsf] /6
nufP/ x'Fb}g, qmflGtsf] efjgfnfO{ klqmg ;Sg'kb{5 . @)^@÷)^# sf] dxfg
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngkl5 ag]sf tLgwf/sf tLgj6f cy{dGqLx?n] of}6} rl/q b]vfPsf 5g\
. Tof] xf]– s'g} >[hgfTdstf gb]vfpg], b'O{ kfOnf k/ s] x'Fb}5 eg]/ b]Vg g;Sg] tyf
sd{rf/LtGqn] h] l6kf]6 u/fpF5 To;}nfO{ kTofP/ cfˆgf] wf/0ff agfpg], jQmJo lbg] /
efif0f ug]{ . km/s wf/af6 s'g} gofF s'/f cfof] eg] sd{rf/LtGqn] l6kfPsf] algagfp
wf/0ffsf cfwf/df v08g ug{;d]t oL cy{dGqL / of]hgf cfof]usf dflg;x? k5fl8 k/]sf
5}gg\ . hgqmflGtkl5 k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf 8f= /fdz/0f dxt
cy{dGqL lyP . pgn] qmflGtkl5sf] klxnf] ah]6 k|:t't u/]sf lyP . To;df b]zsf] cfly{s
lbzflgwf{/0fsf ;Gbe{df s'g} gofF s'/f cfPg . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;lsP/ gofF
zlQm;Gt'ng tof/ ePkl5 klg nfd} ;do g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ;/sf/ 5f8]g . ;+ljwfg;ef–
Joj:yflksfdf cy{dGqLsf] x}l;otn] 8f=/fdz/0f dxtn] k]ZsL ah]6 k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
k]ZsL ah]6df gofF s'/f cfpg ;Sb}gYof] lsgeg] o;df clgjfo{ ;fwf/0f vr{ -tna–
eQf_dfq} Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . Toltv]/ ;+;bdf cf;Gg cfly{s ;+s6af/] rrf{ ePsf]
lyof] . ;+s]tsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] ljZj cfly{s ;+s6af/] o; k+lQmsf/n] cy{dGqLdfkm{t\
;/sf/sf] cflwsfl/s wf/0ff dfu]sf] lyof] . Toltv]/ 8f= /fdz/0f dxtn] ljZj cy{tGqdf
tTsfn ;+s6sf] nIf0f gb]lvPsf] atfpFb} eg]sf lyP, æljZj cy{tGqdf ;+s6 b]lvOxfn]5
eg]klg g]kfnnfO{ To;n] vf;} c;/ ug]{ 5}g, lsgeg] g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf ln+s]hx?
ljb]z;Fu Tolt w]/} 5}gg\ . g]kfnsf] k'FhLahf/df 7"nf ljb]zL sDkgLx?n] nufgL u/]sf
5}gg\ / g]kfnL nufgLstf{x?n] klg ljb]zL k"FhLahf/df 7"nf] nufgL u/]sf 5}gg\ .
o;}n] ljZjJofkL cfly{s ;+s6af6 g]kfnn] cflQOxfNg'kg]{ s'g} cj:yf 5}g .Æ cfZro{sf]
s'/f 5– o;kl5 cy{dGqL ePsf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] klg ;+efljt ;+s6af/] k|Zg p7fpFbf
oxL hjfkm lbPsf lyP . b}nf]d} ;+s6 cfO;Sbf klg To;nfO{ dxz'; ug{ g;Sg' crDd
dfGg'kg]{ ljifo xf] g} . cem To;dfly qmflGtsf/L dfS;{jfbL wf/af6 cfPsf
cy{dGqLsf] of] hjfkmn] lgZro g} b'MvL agfpF5 . ca cem cfZro{sf] s'/f 5– g]kfndf
cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;+s6sf] k|efj b]lvO;Sbf klg jt{dfg sDo'lgi6 cy{dGqL ;'/]Gb|k|;fb
kf08]n] cf=j= @)^$÷)^%sf] ah]6 k|:t't ubf{ / To;dfly p7]sf k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg]
qmddf cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;+s6n] g]kfnnfO{ vf;} c;/ gug]{ s'/f atfPsf lyP .
csf{ sDo'lgi6 cy{dGqLsf] of] aofgn] g]kfnsf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿ slQsf] cNkb[li6sf
/x]5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 . clxn] ha k|ToIf9+un] g]kfnL cy{tGqdf ;+s6 b]lvof] ta
dfq} g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / g]kfn ;/sf/sf kbflwsf/L / dGqLx¿n] o; tYonfO{ dxz'; u/]sf 5g\
. …htf eTSof] Tot} b}nf]Ú eg]sf] oxL xf] . gLlt lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf :yfgdf
/x]sfx¿n] ;+s6sf] cg'e"lt t u/]sf 5g\ t/ o;af6 lg:sg] s'g} pkfo b]Vg g;s]/ /ge'Nndf k/]sf
5g\ .
pknAw ;fwg>f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ g;Sg' xfd|f] cy{tGqsf] k5f}6]kgfsf] d"n sf/0f
xf] eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . Psflt/ ;fwg>f]tsf] cefjdf 3f6fsf] ah]6 agfpg] ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]
{lt/ ah]6df ljlgof]lht /sd vr{ x'g g;s]/ x/]s jif{ /sd art x'g] u/]sf] 5 . u/La /fi6«df
ah]6 vr{ x'g g;Sg'h:tf] lj8Dagf c? s] x'g;S5 < Psflt/ cfd hgtf af6f]–3f6f], vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgf, :s"n ejg, ;fd'bflos ejg, c:ktfn h:tf cTofjZos ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu /sd lgsf;f
x'GYof] ls jf ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'GYof] ls eg]/ dGqLsf 3/–b}nf] rfxfg{ afWo 5g\ tyf
Tolt ubf{ klg cfkm"n] eg]sf] of]hgfdf /sd gk/]/ lbSs 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ah]6df ljlgof]hg
ePsf] /sd g} vr{ e}/x]sf] 5}g . b]zsf] b'u{ltsf] sf/0f vf]Hg slxF hfg' kb}{g .
gLltut txdf b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] lbzf lgwf{/0f e};s]sf] 5 t/ To;cg';f/ cy{tGqnfO{
lxF8fpg] sfd eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf lxF8fpgsf nflu
;fj{hlgs-;/sf/L_, ;xsf/L / lghL u/L tLgj6} If]qx?nfO{ ;dfg9+un] cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5
eGg] ljifodf /fli6«o ;xdlt alg;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljut tLg jif{ otf g]kfnsf] ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] o; ljifodf k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . of] /fd|f] kIf xf] t/ o; lbzfdf
clxn];Dd s'g} 7f]; kxn ePsf] 5}g . ;xsf/L cleofgnfO{ /fi6«JofkL agfpgsf nflu ;/sf/sf]
tkm{af6 s'g} rrf{ ug{ nfos kxn ePsf] 5}g . ;fj{hlgs nufgLsf w]/}h;f] pBf]u tyf
jf0fLHo k|lti7fgx¿ w/fzfoL ePsf 5g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ psf:gsf nflu ;/sf/;Fu s'g} of]hgf jf
b[li6sf]0f 5}g . ;fj}hlgs ;+:yfgx?nfO{ s;/L k|efjsf/L agfpg] eGg] af/]df ljutdf y'k|}
sfo{bn ag]sf x'g\ tyf clxn] klg cy{dGqL g} ;+of]hs /x]sf] csf]{ sfo{bn ag]sf] 5 t/
o;n] s'g} k|efjsf/L ult lnPsf] 5}g . s]xL ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? cem} klg /fd|};Fu rn]sf
5g\ . w/fzfoL ePsf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? s]–slt sf/0fn] w/fzfoL eP / /fd|f];Fu rn]sf ;
+:yfgx?sf ;kmntfsf sf/0f s] x'g\ eGg] ljifo kQf nufpg} g;lsg] jf Hofb} hl6n s'/f
x}gg\ . t/ /fhgLlts l:y/tf / OR5fzlQmsf] cefjsf sf/0fn] ubf{ b]zsf] ;fj{hlgs cy{tGqn]
Hofb} cjx]ngfsf] lzsf/ x'g'kl//x]sf] 5 . ljZj cfly{s ;+s6n] ;fj{hlgs If]qsf]
ckl/xfo{tfnfO{ k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 t/ o;nfO{ Go'gQd:t/df klg ;/sf/n] dxz'; ug{ ;s]sf]
b]lvPg . cy{tGqdf ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] x:tIf]kaf6 dfq hglxtnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 . ljZj
cfly{s ;+s6n] g]kfnnfO{ l;sfPsf] kf7 oxL xf] . g]kfnsf] cfˆg} cg'ejn] klg ahf/df
;fj{hlgs If]qsf] x:tIf]ksf] cfjZostfnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . kl/l:yltn] l;sfPsf] kf7nfO{ dgg
ug{ g;Sg' lj8Dagf g} dfGg'kb{5 . s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] !* k|ltzt hlt /]ld6]G; cfPsf
avt To;nfO{ /fli6«o nufgLsf] d"n k|jfxdf Nofpg] k|of; z'? ul/Psf] eP b]zn] clxn]sf]
cfly{s ;+s6 a]xf]g'{kg]{ cj:yf g} cfpg] lyPg . Oltxf;n] Psk6s l;sfpg] xf], csf]{k6s
bl08t ug]{ xf] . clxn] bf]>f] cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfaff6 kf7 l;Sg] xf] eg]
eljiodf yk bl08t x'g'kg]{ 5}g .
cy{tGqdf ;fj{hlgs If]qn] clejfjssf] e"ldsf v]Ng'kb{5 . lghL If]q df}nfpgsf
nflu klg ;'b[9 ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lghL If]qsf ljleGg Jofj;flos ;d"x jf
:jfy{x?sf lardf cfjZos tfnd]n /fVgsf nflu tyf k|lt:kwf{nfO{ dof{lbt agfpgsf nflu
klg ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] bx«f] pkl:yltsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . slDtdf klg ;fj{hlgs If]qn] /]k|
mLsf] e"ldsf k"/f ug'{kb{5 . v]nfl8eGbf /]k|mL sdhf]/ eof] eg] s] cj:yf xf]nf <
To:tf] cj:yfdf t v]n g} ;DkGg x'g ;Sb}g . cg'zf;g tf]8\g] v]nfl8nfO{ cfjZostf k/]sf
v08df s8f sfjf{xL ug{ ;Sg] x}l;otdf /]lk|m ePg eg] v]nsf] ;kmntfsf] sNkgf klg
ug{ ;lsGg . clxn] xfd|f] cy{tGqdf h]–hlt ;d:of b]vf k/]sf 5g\, ltgLx?sf] d"n sf/0f
;fj{hlgs If]qn] x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf v]Ng g;Sg' g} xf] . o;nfO{ dgg u/]/ Aojxf/df
ptfg{ ;s]df ;+s6n] l;sfPsf] kf7nfO{ a'‰g ;lsg] 5 .