Jelajahi eBook
Kategori
Jelajahi Buku audio
Kategori
Jelajahi Majalah
Kategori
Jelajahi Dokumen
Kategori
MATRIKS
MATRIKS
(DETERMINAN, INVERS, TRANSPOSE)
Macam Matriks
Matriks Nol (0)
Matriks yang semua entrinya nol.
0 0 0
Ex: 0 0
, 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
Ex:
I 3 0 1 0
0 0 1
Matriks Diagonal
Matriks yang semua entri non diagonal
utamanya nol.
d1 0 ... 0
Secara umum:
0 d 2 ... 0
D
...
0 0 ... d
Ex:
2 0
0 5
6 0
1
0
0
0 4
, 0 1 0 ,
0 0 1 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 8
Matriks Segitiga
Matriks persegi yang
semua entri di atas
diagonal utamanya nol
disebut matriks
segitiga bawah.
0 a22 a23
A
0
0 a33
0
0
0
a14
a24
a34
a44
0
0
a11 0
0
a21 a22 0
A
a31 a32 a33 0
a
a
a
41 42 43 44
Matriks Simetris
Matriks persegi A disebut simetris jika
A = At
d1 0 0 0
Ex:
1 4 5
0
7 3
, 4 3 0 ,
3 5 5 0 7 0
d2
0
0
d3 0
0 d 4
2 1 5
1 0 A
3 0 3
5 3
t
B
1 2
karena
2 5 3 5 1 0
I
AB
1 3 1 2 0 1
dan
3 5 2 5 1 0
I
BA
1 2 1 3 0 1
d
1
ad bc c
b
a
d
ad bc
c
ad bc
ad bc
a
ad bc
2 5
A
1 3
Penyelesaian:
3 5 1 3 5 3 5
1
2(3) (5)(1) 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
Sifat:
1. A-1 dapat dibalik dan (A-1)-1 = A
2. An dapat dibalik dan (An)-1 = (A-1)n, n=0,1,2,
3. Untuk sebarang skalar tak nol k, matriks kA
dapat dibalik dan
1
(kA) 1 A1
k
0 d2
D
0 0
... 0
... 0
...
... dn
d1
D 1
...
1
...
d2
1
...
dn
d1 0
0 d2
D
0 0
d1k
0
k
D
0
0
k
d2
... 0
... 0
...
... dn
... 0
... 0
...
k
... dn
1 2 3
A 2 5 3
1 0 8
1 2 3 1 0 0
1 2
3 1 0 0
b2 2b1
b3 b1
2 5 3 0 1 0 0 1 3 2 1 0
1 0 8 0 0 1
0 2 5 1 0 1
3 1
0 0
1 2
3 1
b3
0 1 3 2 1 0 0 1 3 2 1
0
0 0 1 5 2 1
0 0 1 5 2 1
b3 2b2
1 2 0 14 6
1 0 0 40 16 9
3
b1 2b2
0 1 0 13 5 3 0 1 0 13 5 3
0 0 1 5 2 1
0 0 1 5
b1 3b3
b2 3b3
13
5
5 3
2 1
c
d
4 5
maka | P | = (2x5) (3x4) = -2
(Bagaimana kalau matriksnya tidak
berukuran 2x2???)
1 2 3 1 2
3 1 2
0 1 4
2 2 1
c22=-1
c23=4
c31=-6
c32=-12
c33=3
8 2
9
1 4
6 12 3
9 3 6
8 1 12
2 4
Properties of determinants
Property 1: If one row of a matrix consists entirely of zeros, then the
determinant is zero.
Property 2: If two rows of a matrix are interchanged, the determinant
changes sign.
Property 3: If two rows of a matrix are identical, the determinant is
zero.
Property 4: If the matrix B is obtained from the matrix A by multiplying
every element in one row of A by the scalar , then |B|= |A|.
Property 5: For an n n matrix A and any scalar , det(A)= ndet(A).
Properties of determinants
Property 6: If a matrix B is obtained from a matrix A by adding to one row
of A, a scalar times another row of A, then |A|=|B|.
Pivotal condensation
Properties 2, 4, 6 of the previous section describe the effects on the
determinant when applying row operations.
These properties comprise part of an efficient algorithm for computing
determinants, technique known as pivotal condensation.
-A given matrix is transformed into row-reduced form using elementary row
operations
-A record is kept of the changes to the determinant as a result of properties 2,
4, 6.
-Once the transformation is complete, the row-reduced matrix is in upper
triangular form, and its determinant is easily found by property 8.
Example in the next slide
3
1
0
1
2
0
017
2
1
2
3112
0
0
7
1
4
3
3
1
2
7
0
31
Pivotal condensation
Find the determinant of
(2
b1)
(1)
b2
7(1)(1)(1) 7
dengan det(A)0
Ex: Cari invers dari
3 1 2
A 0 1 4
2 2 1
Maka A-1 =
9 3 6 9 / 16 3 / 16 3 / 8
1
8 1 12 1 / 2 1 / 16 3 / 4
16
3 1 / 8 1 / 4
3 / 16
2 4
a
... a2n
a
b2
A 21 22
,
B
n1 an 2 ... ann
bn
A1
A
, x2
A2
A
,..., x n
An
A
b a22 ... a2 n
A1 2
b a
... ann
n2
n
b ... a2 n
a
A2 12 2
n1 bn ... ann
Soal
Buktikan
a1 b1t
a2 b2t
a3 b3t
a1 a2 a3
c2
c3
c1 c 2 c 3
Buktikan
1
a b c (b a)(c a)(c b )
a2 b2 c 2
Kuis
8
5 2b 3a 2
a b c 5
1
c 1
a8
2c 4
0
Cari
Cari
simetris
1 0 0
5
matriks diagonal A supaya A 0 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 3
nilai x supaya x 1 2 x 6
3 1 x
1 3 x 5