Testing and Commissioning

THE STORY OF TRANSFORMER STABILITY

The transformer stability test used to conform the CT connections for Differential and REF
protection. This test also used as a primary injection test for HV & LV side BCT's.
Example Transformer Data
Voltage Ratio :
MVA Rating :
MVA
Vector Group:
% Impedence :

230/ 34.5/13.8 kV
100/133
YNyn0(d5)
12.24 @ 100 MVA BASE.

CALCULATION TO FIND THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CURRENT

PRIMARY SIDE : HV side full load current = Power / 3 x Voltage = 10010^3
3 230 1000
HV side Impedence

= 100000000 = 251 Amps

399050

= HV side Voltage
= 230 1000 = 916 Ohms
HV side full load current
251

HV side Impedence/ Phase = HV side Impedence X % Impedence = 916 X 12.24 = 112 Ohms
100
HV side current / Phase

= Applied Voltage / HV side Impedence/ Phase

= 380 / 112 = 3.38 Amps

LV side SIDE : Transformer Ratio = 230/ 34.5 = 6.66

LV side current = 6.6666* 3.38 = 22.53 Amps

TEST -1 Three Phase Balanced Injection

Test connection: Three phase short circuit outside protected zone on 34.5kV side. Three phase
voltage injected on HV side = 380V

The balanced current can measured in the relay as follows

Relay - Primary Current (A)
HV
LV
3.326<0
22.201<181.14
1
3.205<241.5 22.935<59.28

3.288<121.5 23.573<299.34

Note : 1. LV current 180 dec phase sifted from HV current.

2. No return current in Neutral

TEST -2 Three Phase Unbalanced condition

To make this condition open any one of CT FT fingers and short by insert the FT jack.
The Unbalanced current can measured in the relay as follows
Relay- Primary Current (A)
HV
LV
0.00
0.00
0.00

21.985
22.226
22.265

TEST -3 Three Phase REF balanced condition

Test connection: Three phase short circuit outside protected zone on LV side. Single Phase
Injection was done one by one on the primary to check the stability and sensitivity.
1. No return current in Neutral
2. During single phase injection voltage will developed in the one phase Tertiary winding. If
winding is connected with ground a circulating current will flow through ground during
stability.

TEST -4 Three Phase REF Unbalanced condition

Polarity of

the neutral BCT was reversed at the protection panel to simulate the unstable

condition.

TEST -5 BCT primary injection

PRIMARY INJECTION HV & LV WINDING :
Test connection: Three phase short circuit outside protected zone on LV side. Three phase
voltage injected on HV side = 380V
PRIMARY INJECTION TERTIARY WINDING :
Test connection : The shorting and grounding bar was removed from the Delta winding and
current was injected with Severker Test Kit and secondary currents were measured in the
Transformer LCP panel.