21 2006
, , !
2
1.
2
MeV 11.2 MeV kg-1 m2 (112 keV mg-1 cm2).
BetheBloch,
11Z eV.
2.
()
. ()
1 mSv ,
50
Sv/ ()
40 .
3.
()
, ()
, () RBE
= Radiation Biological Effect, .
A
4.
()
(1-6)
.
() :
-3 238 92U
--
-+ 62 29Cu
()
:
(min)
(c/min)
---
820
605
447
330
243
180
133
98
MeV
c2
MeV
c2
c 2 = 8.98755 1016 J / Kg
J
= 1.6022 1013
MeV
=
e2
1
=
=
, =
= 386 fm
4 o =c 137
me c
1
2
2meu 2 1 1
dE
1
4 z 2 e 4
9 Nm
8.99
10
, e = 1.6 1019 C
,
=
NZ
ln
Jm
=
2
dx ( 4 o )2 meu 2
I
4
C
N = Noe
222
86
Rn,
218
84
Po,
60
27
Co,
60
28
Ni
1.
= ( 8.99 10 )
Jm =
9.11031 u 2
dx
A
I
4
2
12.57 (1.6 1019 ) 6 1023
9
(8.99 10 ) 9.11031 u 2 0.027 13ln 2mIeu Jm1
2m u 2
2meu 2 4me 1
1
4 2 106
=
mpu 2 =
= 30.4 ln e = 3.42
I
mp 2
I 1836 1113
I
2E
4 106 eV
u =
=
= 0.004257c 2 = 3.83 1014 m 2 s 2
6
2
m p 939.6 10 eVc
2
= ( 8.99 10 )
13 3.42 Jkg 1m 2
14
31
9.110 3.83 10 0.027
dx
dE
1885 1015 MeVkg 1m2
2.
() ,
.
() = 1mSv = 50Sv/h X t t = 1000/50 h = 20h.
() = 1mSv/40h = 25 Sv/h
3.
: Bragg ,
Bethe-Bloch.
-
. -
- -60,
.
:
.
.
()
238
92
Th + 24 He
234
90
4:
5:
6:
230
88
T 23 He1 + e +
3
1 2
Cu33
62
29
() (2.3 mins)
62
28
Ni34 + e + +
DNA
DNA
Ra + 24 He
228
86
Rn + 24 He