Feeding and Watering Animals

(sources of nutrients)

Water

Fats and lipids

drinking, metabolic processes and water contained within feeds

Protein
Plant (seed meals, beans, leaf proteins)
Animal (fish and meat meals, milk powders, eggs)
Non protein nitrogen (urea)
Carbohydrates
Non-structural (starch from grains and sugars from plant leaves and fruits)
Structural (fibre from seeds and plant leaves and stems, e.g., pasture, hay and
silage)
Membrane lipids (plant and animals tissues, e.g., pasture, lean meats)
Storage lipids (oil seeds)
Vitamins and minerals

Plant and animal tissues

Vitamin and mineral premixes

FEEDSTUFFS
TERMINOLOGY

Diet

All feedstuffs/ingredients, including water, consumed over time

Describes the overall nutrition of an animal or human

Ration

The amount of feed provided to an animal over a 24 hour period

What the animal eats on a daily basis
A subset of a diet

Feed/s (feed ingredient/s)

Edible material/s that contribute to the nutrition of an animal/animals

(component of a ration)
Generally, it meets one or more of the nutrient requirements of the
target species

Food/s (food ingredient/s)

Edible material/s that contribute to the nutrition of a person/people

G Walker 2014

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
TERMINOLOGY

Supplements

Concentrate

Used to improve overall intake of nutrients/nutrient balance

Otherwise other terminology, e.g., tonic or additive
Usually does not need to be diluted with other ingredients before feeding
E.g., cereal grain/protein meals or maize silage
High density of one or more nutrients (e.g., starch, vegetable oil, mineral/vitamin
premix)
Low in crude fibre content (<18% DM)
High in digestible nutrients
Usually diluted by other ingredients before feeding

Roughages/Forages
Includes most fresh, preserved and dried forages and fodders (pasture, silage,
hay)
Low density of nutrients except fibre
High in crude fibre content over 18% of DM
May need to be supplemented with other ingredients to provide complete diet

E Teleni

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
Classification

CLASSIFICATION
1. Pasture, range plants, and feeds cut & fed green
2. Dry forages
3. Silages
4. Energy concentrates
5. Protein concentrates
6. Minerals
FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION
FEEDSTUFFS

2. Pasture, Range Plants, and Feeds cut & fed Green

Pasture/Shrub Legumes

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
1. Dry Forages

1. Dry Forages

Square hay bales

Round hay bales

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
1. Dry Forages

Hay windrows

FEEDING & ANIMAL

NUTRITION
FEEDSTUFFS
1. Dry Forages

Lucerne Hay (good quality)

Typical Analysis

DM = 85%
CP = 20%
NDF = 45%
ME (rum.) = 10 MJ/kg
(all DM basis)

Lucerne Hay (low quality)

Typical Analysis

DM = 85%
CP = 15%
NDF = 60%
ME (rum.) = 9 MJ/kg
(all DM basis)

Lucerne Hay

FEEDING & ANIMAL

NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
1. Dry Forages

Rhodes grass hay (tropical grass hay)

DM = 86%
CP= 8 %
NDF = 65%
ME (rum.) = 8 MJ/kg
Fat = 2%
(all DM basis)

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
1. Dry Forages

Cereal
Straw

Typical

Analysis
DM= 86%
CP = 4%
NDF = 88%
ME (rum.) = <5MJ/kg

Fat = <1%
(all DM basis)

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
3. Silages

Grass silage

Typical Analysis
DM = 31%
CP = 11%
NDF = 35%
ME (rum.) = 10 MJ/kg
Fat = 3%
(all DM basis)
Grass hay crop silage

4. Energy Concentrates

Barley grain, whole

Typical Analysis
DM = 89%
CP = 12%
NDF = 19%
ME (rum.) = 11* MJ/kg
Fat = 2%
(all DM basis/*processed)

Wheat grain, whole

Typical Analysis
DM% = 89
CP = 13%
NDF = 19%
ME (rum.) = 13* MJ/kg
Fat = 1.9%
(all DM basis/*processed)

Maize (corn)
grain, whole
Typical Analysis
DM = 88%
CP = 9%
NDF = 9%
ME (rum.) = 13-14*
MJ/kg
Fat = 4.3%
(all DM
basis/*processed)

Sorghum grain, whole

Typical Analysis
DM = 88%
CP = 11%
NDF = 11%

ME (rum.) = 11* MJ/kg

Fat = 4%
(all DM basis/*processed)

GI Physiology & Nutrition

Whole barley, wheat or maize grains

Barley grain, rolled

(all DM basis/*processed)
Typical Analysis
DM = 89%
CP = 13%

NDF = 19%
ME = 12* MJ/kg
Fat% = 2.2
FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION
FEEDSTUFFS
4. Energy Concentrates

Maize grain, cracked

Typical Analysis
DM% = 88 CP = 9%
NDF = 9%
ME (rum.) = 13.5 MJ/kg
Fat = 3%
(all DM basis)

Typical Analysis
DM = 89%
CP = 9%
NDF =Maize
9% grain, flaked
ME = 13.5 MJ/kg
Fat = 3%
(all DM basis)

Rolled barley, cracked maize and flaked maize

Ground Maize

Typical Analysis
DM = 88% CP = 9%
NDF = 9%
ME (rum.) = 14
MJ/kg
Fat = 3%
(all DM basis)

Ground Maize

Molasses

Typical Analysis
DM = 75%
CP = 5.7%
NDF = 0%
ME (rum.) = 9
MJ/kg
Fat = 0.1%
(all DM basis)
Molasses

5. Protein Supplements

Lupin seeds

Typical Analysis
DM = 91%
CP = 38%
NDF = 26%
ME (rum.) = 11* MJ/kg
Fat = 9%
(all DM basis/*processed)
FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION
FEEDSTUFFS

5. Protein Supplements

Whole cotton seeds

DM = 91%
CP = 23%
NDF = 44%
ME (rum.) = 13 MJ/kg
Fat = 20%
(all DM basis)

Whole
Soybeans

Typical Analysis
DM = 92%
CP = 42.8% NDF =
15%
ME = 12* MJ/kg
Fat = 20%
(all DM basis/*processed)
GI Physiology & Nutrition

Whole lupins, cotton seeds or soybeans (soya beans)

Whole cotton seeds OK for cattle

Pig probably would not eat whole cotton seeds

Soybean meal

Typical Analysis
DM = 90%
CP = 55%
NDF = 8%
ME = 16 MJ/kg
Fat = 1%
(all DM basis)

Cottonseed meal

Typical Analysis
Fat = 2%

DM = 92
CP = 40%
NDF = 3
ME = 10

(all
DM
basis)

Canola meal

Typical Analysis
DM = 92%
CP = 44%
NDF = 36%
ME = 14 MJ/kg
Fat = 1.2 %
(all DM basis)
GI Physiology & Nutrition

Cottonseed or soybean meals

Meat
meal

Typical
Analysis
DM = 92%
CP = 55%
NDF = 1%
ME = 15 MJ/kg

Fat = 10%
(all DM basis)
FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION
FEEDSTUFFS
5. Protein Supplements

Fish meal

Typical Analysis
DM = 92%
CP = 67%
NDF = 0%
ME = 15 MJ/kg
Fat = 10%
(all DM basis)

GI Physiology & Nutrition

Meat meals

Ruminant Feed Ban Applies to Meat Meals

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
5. Protein Supplements

Urea (prills)

DM = 98%
CP = 250% (non protein nitrogen)
NDF = 0%
ME = 0 MJ/kg
Fat = 0%
(all DM basis)
Suitable only for ruminants when fed with fermentable carbohydrates

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
5. Protein Supplements

Urea-molasses block

Urea plus fermentable

carbohydrate

Highly Variable Analysis

GI Physiology & Nutrition

Urea or urea molasses blocks

Ruminant animals can utilise urea as a source of crude protein

Lactating dairy cows usually do not benefit from urea

Monogastric animals cannot utilise urea as a source of crude protein

FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION
FEEDSTUFFS
6. Minerals

6. Minerals
Limestone

Salt

Di-calcium phosphate

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FEEDING & ANIMAL NUTRITION

FEEDSTUFFS
6. Minerals

Magnesium oxide

Copper sulphate

Iron sulphate
Cobalt carbonate

E Teleni

Feedstuffs

Good quality hay (good protein, high fibre, medium to high energy)

Wheat (medium protein, low fibre, high energy)

Canola oil (no protein, no fibre, high energy)

Canola meal (high protein, medium fibre, medium energy)

Meat meal (high protein, low fibre, high energy )

Milk powder (high protein, low fibre, high energy)

Mineral mix

What mix of feeds would you put together to

meet these animals nutritional needs?
Choose no more than 3 feeds from list

What mix of feeds would you put together to meet

these animals nutritional needs?
Choose no more than 3 feeds from list

What mix of feeds would you put together to meet

these animals nutritional needs?
Choose no more than 3 feeds from the list.