Chemical Bonding

Review
Answers to Study Guide

1. How is a compound different from a mixture? Give an example of

each.
Compound chemically bonded together (salt, sugar, water, carbon
dioxide)
Mixture not bonded (soup, pizza, salad, tea, salt water, air)
2. What is a chemical bond?
Force that holds a compound together
3. Why does carbon form 4 bonds?
Needs 4 more valence electrons (in group 14, has 4, needs 4)
4. Why does sugar have a lower melting point than salt? (think about
the structureionic vs covalent compounds)
Sugar is molecular (covalent) and the individual molecules arent
attracted to one another.
Salt is a network structure, a crystal (ionic) and all the positives are
attracted to all the negatives (sort of like a box of magnets). It takes a
lot of energy (heat) to break apart a network structure and make it
melt.

5. What happens to the electrons when sodium and

chlorine combine?
Sodium transfers an electron to chlorine
6. What happens to the electrons when 2 oxygen atoms
combine?
They share 2 pairs of electrons
7. Which element is found in all organic compounds?
Carbon
8. What type of bond is found in organic compounds?
Covalent
9. List the monomer for each type of polymer and the
function for each:
Protein - amino acid, structure

10. Which type of compound forms from a tight network of oppositely charged
ions? Give an example.
Ionic, salt (NaCl)
11. How many valence electrons does an atom need in order to be most stable?
(HINT: Its called the OCTET rule)
8
12. What can atoms do to become stable (to get the right number of valence
electrons)?
Gain, lose, or share
13. Explain what happens to calcium and bromine atoms when they combine
chemically to form calcium bromide. (Specificallywhat charge to they
obtain?)
Calcium loses electrons and becomes positive. Bromine gains an electron and
becomes negative. The positive and negative are attracted to each other.
14. Ionic compounds generally form between which types of elements?
A metal and a nonmetal

15. Which pair of elements will form an ionic bond?

Mg and O
16. Why are atoms in an ionic compound attracted to
each other?
They are oppositely charged.
17. The formation of an ionic bond involves the transfer
of _____________.
Electrons
18. Why dont noble gases form chemical bonds to
become stable?
They already have 8 valence electrons and are stable.
19. What causes the atoms in a covalent bond to be held
together?

20. Which type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?

Covalent
21. Which subatomic particle is shared or transferred when atoms
react?
Electrons
22. Carbon atoms are special and can link themselves together to
form long chains and rings. What kind of bond do the carbon
atoms form?
Covalent
23. In the compound HgCl2, what does the subscript 2 mean?
There are 2 chlorine atoms in the compound.
24. What type of elements form molecular (covalent) compounds?
Two nonmetals (Close together on the periodic table)

25. Bromine forms a binary ionic compound with lithium. What is the
formula for this compound?
LiBr (Rememberwrite the positive symbol with the charge, write
the negative symbol with the charge, then crisscross the numbers).
26. What happens to the properties of atoms when they form
compounds? Stay the same or change?? (HINT: Is it changing into a
new substance?)
Change
27. What is the force that holds atoms together in a compound and
is formed when atoms lose, gain or share electrons with other
atoms?
Chemical bond
28. Which group on the periodic table is already stable and so rarely
forms compounds?
Noble gases, group 18

29. When an atom gains or loses electrons and becomes

a charged particle, what is it called?
Ion
30. What does it mean for a compound to be crystalline?
(Which type of bond does it have?)
Ionic bond, network of charges, high melting point
31. What does it mean for a compound to be molecular?
(Which type of bond does it have?)
Covalent, individual molecules, low melting point

***Make sure to go back to your notes and look at how to

name compounds and write the formulas!!

Ionic compounds do not use prefixes in name, when

writing formulas crisscross the charges

Covalent compounds do use prefixes in name, when

writing formulas use the prefixes in the name to
determine the subscripts

Im glad that you are getting these answers, but

remember, unless you actually spend time studying and
learning the information it will not help you on the
test!!!! STUDY!!!!