Contoh Data Dan Analisys Data Unit Dasar Pengukuran Dan Ketidakpastian

HASIL EKSPERIMEN DAN ANALISIS DATA

Hasil Pengamatan
1. Pengukuran Panjang
NST Mistar

NST Jangka Sorong

Batas Ukur 1 cm
=
=
0,1 cm= 1 mm
Jumlah Skala 10
20 SN =39 SU
20 SN =39 (1 mm)
20 SN = 39 mm
SN

= 1,95 mm

NST

= 2 mm 1,95 mm = 0,05 mm

NST Mikrometer Sekrup :

NST SU

BatasUkur
Jumlah Skala =

5 mm
10 = 0,5 mm

NST Skala Putar =

Batas Ukur
Jumlah Skala Putar

Tabel 1. Hasil pengukuran panjang

Benda

Besaran

yang

yang

o
1.

diukur
Balok

diukur

Panjang

Lebar

Hasil Pengukuran (mm)

Mistar

Jangka Sorong

Mikrometer Sekrup

|17,0 0,5|

|16,10 0,05|

|16,910 0,005|

|17,0 0,5|

|17,00 0,05|

|16,770 0,005|

|17,0 0,5|

|17,10 0,05|

|16,270 0,005|

|14,0 0,5|

|15,50 0,05|

|15,960 0,005|

|14,0 0,5|

|15,40 0,05|

|15,500 0,005|

|14,0 0,5|

|15,50 0,05|

|15,520 0,005|

Tinggi

2.
Bola

Diameter

|23,0 0,5|

|24,10 0,05|

|23,460 0,005|

|23,0 0,5|

|23,15 0,05|

|23,530 0,005|

|23,0 0,5|

|24,05 0,05|

|23,260 0,005|

|17,0 0,5|

|16,20 0,05|

|16,310 0,005|

|17,0 0,5|

|16,30 0,05|

|16,020 0,005|

|17,0 0,5|

|16,45 0,05|

|16,010 0,005|

2. Pengukuran Massa
Neraca Ohauss 2610 gram
:

Batas Ukur 100 g

=
=10 g
Jumlah Skala
10

Nilai Skala lengan 2

Batas Ukur 500 g

=
=100 g
Jumlah Skala
5

Nilai Skala lengan 3

Batas Ukur 10 g
=
=0,10 g
Jumlah Skala 100

Massa beban gantung

:-

Nilai Skala lengan 1

Tabel 2. Hasil pengukuran massa dengan Neraca Ohauss 2610 gram

Benda

Balok
Kubus

Penunju

Penunju

Penunju

Beban

k lengan

k lengan

k lengan

gantung

0
0
0

0
0
0

4,00
4,00
3,90

Massa benda (g)

|4,00 0,05|
|4,00 0,05|

|3,90 0,05|
Bola

0
0
0

0
0
0

5,60
5,65
5,55

|5,60 0,05|

|5,65 0,05|

|5,55 0,05|

Neraca Ohauss 311 gram

Nilai Skala lengan 1

Batas Ukur
200 g
=
=100 g
Jumlah Skala
2

Nilai Skala lengan 2

Batas Ukur 100 g

=
=10 g
Jumlah Skala
10

Nilai Skala lengan 3

Batas Ukur 10 g
=
=1 g
Jumlah Skala 10

Batas Ukur 1,0 g

=
=0,01 g
Jumlah Skala 100

Nilai Skala lengan 4

Tabel 3. Hasil pengukuran massa dengan Neraca Ohauss 311 gram

Benda

Balok
Kubus

Penunjuk Penunjuk Penunjuk Penunjuk

lengan 1

lengan 2

lengan 3

lengan 4

0
0
0

0
0
0

3,000
3,000
3,000

0,875
0,850
0,870

Massa benda (g)

|3,875 0,005|
|3,850 0,005|

|3,870 0,005|
Bola

0
0
0

0
0
0

5,000
5,000
5,000

0,550
0,500
0,530

|5,550 0,005|

|5,500 0,005|
|5,530 0,005|

Neraca Ohauss 310 gram

Nilai Skala lengan 1

Batas Ukur
200 g
=
=100 g
Jumlah Skala
2

Nilai Skala lengan 2

Batas Ukur 100 g

=
=10 g
Jumlah Skala
10

Nilai Skala Putar

Batas Ukur 1 g
= =0,1 g
Jumlah Skala 10

Jumlah Skala Nonius

: 10 skala

NST Neraca Ohauss 310 gram : 1,9 SP

= 10 SN

0,19 SP

= SN

NST

= NSP-NSTN= 0,2-0,19 = 0,01 g

Tabel 4. Hasil pengukuran massa dengan Neraca Ohauss 310 gram

Benda
Balok
Kubus

Penun.

Penun.

lengan 1

lengan 2

0
0
0

0
0
0

Penun.

Penun.

skala

skala

putar

Nonius

3,90
4,00
3,90

5
7
7

Massa benda (g)

|3,95 0,01|
|4,07 0,01|

|3,97 0,01|
Bola

0
0
0

0
0
0

5,50
5,50
5,50

8
7
7

|5,58 0,01|

|5,57 0,01|
|5,57 0,01|

3. Pengukuran Waktu dan Suhu

NST termometer

Batas Ukur 10
=
=1
Jumlah Skala
10

Temperatur mula-mula (To) : |33 0,5|

NST Stopwatch

Batas Ukur 1 sekon

=
=0,1 sekon
Jumlah Skala
10

Tabel 5. Hasil pengukuran waktu dan suhu

Perubahan
No

Temperatur (

Temperatur

()

Waktu (s)

1.

|60,0 0,1|

|35,0 0,5|

|2,0 1|

2.

|120,0 0,1|

|37,0 0,5|

|2,0 1|

3.

|180,0 0,1|

|40,0 0,5|

|3,0 1|

4.

|240,0 0,1|

|43,0 0,5|

|3,0 1|

5.

|300,0 0,1|

|46,0 0,5|

|3,0 1|

6.

|360,0 0,1|

|49,0 0,5|

|3,0 1|

ANALISIS DATA
Pengukuran Panjang
Benda I Balok
Rambat Ralat Volume

V=PLT

|vp| P + |vl |

v=

L+

| p v t |

L+

( p l t )
P+
p

| |

v l t
=
P+
v
v

|vt |

v
l t
=
P+
v
p l t

| p ptlt |
+

|tT |

|pP|

|tT |v

v=

|lL|

( p l t )
L+
l

| | + |lL|

v P
=
v
p

| pv l|
L+

| p pllt |

Panjang
17,0 mm+17,0 mm+ 17,0 mm

P
=
3

x =

|P x P |

1 = |17,017,0| mm = 0 mm
x = |17,017,0| mm = 0 mm
x = |17,017,0| mm = 0 mm
P = = 0,5 mm.
max

KR =

P
P

100%

( p l t )
T
t

Mistar

= 17,0 mm

KR =

100% = 2,9% ( 3 AB )

|P P| = |17,0 0,5| mm

PF :

0,5
17,0

Lebar
14,0 mm+14,0 mm+ 14,0 mm

L
=
3

= 14,0 mm

|Lx L|

x =

1 = |14,014,0| mm = 0 mm
x = |14,014,0| mm = 0 mm
x = |14,014,0| mm = 0 mm
L = = 0,5 mm.
max

KR =

L
L

KR =

0,5
14,0

100%

100% = 3,5% ( 3 AB )

PF: |L L| = |14,0 0,5|

mm

Tinggi

23,0 mm+23,0 mm+23,0 mm

T =
3
x =

|T x T |

1 = |23,023,0|mm = 0 mm
x = |23,023,0|mm = 0 mm

= 23,0 mm

x = |23,023,0|mm = 0 mm
t

= max = 0,5 mm.

KR =

T
T

KR =

0,5
23,0

PF :

100%

100% = 2,1% (3 AB)

|T T | = |23,0 0,5| mm

Vbalok = P L T
Vbalok = 17,0 mm 14,0 mm 23,0 mm
Vbalok = 5.474 mm3

|pP|

v=

|lL|

|tT |v

0,5 mm
0,5 mm
|17,0
|
|
+
mm
14,0 mm|

v=

v=|0,029| +

0,5 mm
|23,0
mm| 5.474 mm

|0,035| + |0,021| 5.474 mm3

v=|0,085| 5.474 mm3

v= 465,29 mm3 0,5 cm3

v = 5.474 mm3 5,5 cm3

KR =

v
v

KR =

0,5 c m
3
5,5 c m

100%
3

100% = 9 % ( 2 AB )

PF: |V V| = 5,5

Jangka Sorong

0,5 cm3

Panjang
16,10 mm+17,00 mm+ 17,10mm

P
=
3

= 16,73 mm

|P x P |

x =

1 = |16,1016,73| mm = 0,63 mm
x = |17,0016,73| mm = 0,27 mm
x = |17,1016,73| mm = 0,37 mm
P = max = 0,63 mm.
KR =

P
P

KR =

0,63
16,73

100%

100% = 3,7% ( 3 AB )

PF : |P P| = |16,7 0,6| mm

Lebar
15,50 mm+15,40 mm+ 15,50mm
L =
3

x =

|Lx L|

1 = |15,5015,47|mm = 0,03 mm
x = |15,4015,47|mm = 0,07 mm
x = |15,5015,47|mm = 0,03 mm
L = max = 0,07 mm.
KR =

L
L

100%

= 15,47 mm

0,07
15,47

KR =

100% = 0,4% ( 4 AB )

PF : |L L| = |15,47 0,07| mm

Tinggi

24,10 mm+ 23,15 mm+ 24,05 mm

T =
3
x =

= 23,76 mm

|T x T |

1 = |24,1023,76|mm = 0,34 mm
x = |23,1523,76|mm = 0,61 mm
x = |24,0523,76|mm = 0,29 mm
t

= max = 0,61 mm.

KR =

T
T

KR =

0,61
23,76

PF :

100%

100% = 2,5% (3 AB )

|T T | = |23,7 0,6| mm

Vbalok = P L T
Vbalok = 16,7 mm 15,47 mm 23,7

mm

Vbalok = 6.122,87 mm3

|pP|

v=

0,6
|16,7
|

v=

v=|0,035| +

|lL|

0,07
|15,47
|

|tT |v
+

0,6
|23,7
|

6.122,87 mm3

|0,004| + |0,025| 6.122,87 mm3

 v=|0,064| 6.122,87 mm3

v= 391,86 mm3 0,4 cm3

v = 6.122,87 mm3 6,1 cm3

KR =

v
v

KR =

0,4 c m
6,1 c m3

100%
3

100% = 6,5 % ( 2 AB )

PF: |V V| = 6,1

0,4 cm3

Mikrometer Sekrup

Panjang
16,910 mm+16,770 mm+16,270 mm

P
=
3

x =

|P x P |

1 = |16,91016,650| mm = 0,260 mm
x = |16,77016,650| mm = 0,120 mm
x = |16,27016,650| mm = 0,380 mm
P = = 0,380 mm.
max

KR =

P
P

KR =

0,380
16,650

PF :

100%

100% = 2,2% ( 3 AB )

|P P| = |16,6 0,3| mm

= 16,650 mm

Lebar
15,960 mm+15,500 mm+15,520 mm
L =
3

= 15,660 mm

|Lx L|

x =

1 = |15,96015,660| mm = 0,300 mm
x = |15,50015,660| mm = 0,160 mm
x = |15,52015,660| mm = 0,140 mm
L = max = 0,300 mm.
KR =

L
L

KR =

0,300
15,660

100%

100% = 1,9% ( 3 AB )

PF: |L L| = |15,6 0,3| mm

Tinggi

23,460 mm+ 23,530mm+ 23,260 mm

T =
3
x =

|T x T |

1 = |23,46023,416|mm = 0,044 mm
x = |23,53023,416|mm = 0,114 mm
x = |23,26023,416|mm = 0,156 mm
t
KR =

= max = 0,156 mm.

T
T

100%

= 23,416 mm

0,156
23,416

KR =

100% = 0,6 % ( 3 AB )

|T T | = |23,4 0,1| mm

PF :

Vbalok = P L T
Vbalok =

16,6 mm 15,6 mm 23,4 mm

Vbalok = 6059,6 mm3

|pP|

v=

|lL|

0,3
0,3
|16,6
| + |15,6
|

v=

v=|0,018| +

|tT |v

0,1
|23,4
| 6059,6 mm

|0,019| + |0,004| 6059,6 mm3

v=|0,041| 6059,6 mm3

v= 248,4 mm3 0,24 cm3

v = 6059,6 mm3 6,05 cm3

KR =

v
v

100%

KR =

0,2
6,0

100% = 3,9 % ( 3 AB )

PF : |V V| = |6,05 0,24| mm
Rambat Ralat Volume Bola
1
v = d3
6

|dv |dd

dv=

| |

dv=

( 16 d ) dd
3

1
2
dv= d dd
2

|12 d d|
2

v=

| |

1 2
d d
v 2
=
v
1 3
d
6

|3 d d|v

v=

KR=

v
x 100
v

Mistar
17,0 mm+17,0 mm+ 17,0 mm
d =
3
x =

|d d |

1 = |17,017,0| mm = 0 mm
x = |17,017,0| mm = 0 mm
x = |17,017,0| mm = 0 mm
d

PF:

= max = 0,5 mm.

|d d|

= |17,0 0,5|

mm

= 17,0 mm

1
v = d3
6
1
3
v = (3,14 )(17,0) = 2571,13 mm3
6

|3 d d|v

v=

v=

3(0,5)mm
2571,13 m m3
17,0 mm

1,5 mm
x 2571,13 mm
|17,0
mm|

v=

v=0,08 x 2.571,13 mm3

v=205,69 mm

0,20

cm

v =2.571,13 mm3 2,57 cm 3

KR=

v
x 100
v

KR=

0,20 cm3
x 100
2,57 cm3

PF=|v v|

= 7,7

|2,5 0,2|

( 2AB)

cm 3

Jangka Sorong
16,20 mm+16,30 mm+ 16,45mm
d =
3
x =

|d x d |

= 16,31 mm

1 = |16,2016,31|mm = 0,11 mm
x = |16,3016,31|mm = 0,01 mm
x = |16,4516,31|mm = 0,14 mm
r

PF :

= max = 0,14 mm.

|d d|

= |16,31 0,14| mm

1
3
v= d
6
1
v = (3,14 )(16,31)3 = 2.270,59 mm3
6

|3 d d|v

v=

v=

3(0,14)mm
2.270,59 mm 3
16,31mm

0,42 mm
|16,31mm
|x 2.270,59 mm

v=

v=0,025 x 2.270,59 mm
v=56,76 mm3

0,05

cm 3

v =2.270,59 mm3 2,27 cm 3

KR=

v
x 100
v

KR=

0,05 cm3
x 100
2,27 cm3

= 2,2

( 3AB)

PF=|v v|

cm 3

|2,27 0,05|

Mikrometer Sekrup
16,310 mm+16,020 mm+16,010 mm
d =
3
x =

|d x d |

1 = |16,31016,174|mm = 0,136 mm
x = |16,02016,174|mm = 0,154 mm
x = |16,01016,174|mm = 0,164 mm
r

PF :

= max = 0,164 mm.

|d d|

= |16,174 0,164| mm

1
3
v= d
6
1
3
v = (3,14 )(16,174) = 2214, 27 mm3
6

|3 d d|v

v=

v=

3(0,164)mm
2.214,27 m m3
16,174 mm

0,492 mm
x 2.214,27 mm
|16,174
mm |

v=

v=0,030 x 2.214, 27 mm3

v=66,428 mm3

0,066

cm 3

= 16,174 mm

v =2.214,27 mm 3 2,214 cm 3

KR=

v
x 100
v

KR=

0,066 cm 3
x 100
3
2,214 cm

PF=|v v|

= 2,9

( 3AB)

cm3

|2,21 0,06|

2. Pengukuran Massa
Rambat Ralat Massa jenis
=

m
v

= mv-1

|m |

|v|

m+

| |

| |

mv 1
m+
m

=|v1| m +

mv 1
v
v

|mv2|

| |

| |

v
=
m+
1

mv

mv
v
1
mv

m
=

| |

|vv |

|mm|

|vv |

Untuk balok :
v =

5,5 cm +6,1 cm + 6,05 cm

3

3
= 5,8 cm

x =

|v x v|

3
3
1 = |5,55,8| cm = 0,3 cm
3
3
x = |6,15,8| cm = 0,3 cm
3
3
x = |6,055,8|cm = 0,25 cm

v = = 0,3 cm3
max
KR =

v
v

100%

KR =

0,3
5,8

100% = 5,1% ( 2 AB )

PF=|v v|

|5,8 0,3|

cm

Untuk bola :
v =
x =

2,5 cm 3 +2,27 cm 3 +2,21 cm3

3

3
= 2,32 cm

|v x v|

3
3
1 = |2,52.32| cm = 0,18 cm
3
x = |2,272.32|cm =

0,05 cm

3
x = |2,212.32|cm = 0,11 cm3

v = = 0,18 cm 3
max
KR =

v
v

KR =

0,18
2.32

100%

100% = 7,7% (2 AB)

PF=|v v|

|2.3 0,1|

cm 3

Neraca Ohauss 2610 gram

Balok
m
=

x =

4,00 g +4,00 g+3,90 g

3

= 3,96 g

|mx m |

1 = |4,003,96| g = 0,04 g
x = |4,003,96| g = 0,04 g
x = |3,903,96|g = 0,06 g
m

= max = 0,06 g.

KR =

m
m

100%

KR =

0,06
3,96

100% = 1,5 % ( 3 AB )

m| g=|3,96 0.06|g
PF: |m

Bola
m
=
x =

5,60 g+5,65 g+5,55 g

3

|mx m |

1 = |5,605,60| g = 0 g
x = |5,655,60| g = 0,05 g
x = |5,555,60| g = 0,05 g

= 5,60 g

 m = max = 0,05 g.
KR =

m
m

100%

KR =

0,05
5,60

100% = 0,8% ( 3 AB )

m| g=|5,60 0.05| g
PF: |m

Neraca Ohauss 311 gram

Balok
m
=

x =

3,875 g+3,850 g+3, 870 g

3

= 3,865 g

|mx m |

1 = |3,8753,865| g = 0,010 g
x = |3,8503,865| g = 0,015 g
x = |3, 8703,865| g = 0,005 g
m

= max = 0,015 g.

KR =

m
m

KR =

0,015
3,865

100%

100% = 0,3% (4 AB)

m| = |3,865 0,015| g
PF : |m
Bola
m
=
x =

5,550 g+5,500 g+5,530 g

3

|mx m |

= 5,526 g

1 = |5,5505,526|g = 0,024 g
x = |5,5005,526|g = 0,026 g
x = |5,5305,526|g = 0,004 g
m

= max = 0,026 g.

KR =

m
m

KR =

0,026
5,526

100%

100% = 0,47% ( 4 AB )

m| = |5,526 0,026| g
PF: |m

Neraca Ohauss 310 gram

Balok
m
=
x =

3,95 g+ 4,07 g +3,97 g

3

= 3,99 g

|mx m |

1 = |3,953,99| g = 0,04 g
x = |4,073,99| g = 0,08 g
x = |3,973,99|g = 0,02 g
m = max = 0,08 g.
KR =

m
m

100%

KR =

0,08
3,99

100% = 2 % (3 AB)

m| = |3,99 0,08| g
PF : |m

balok =

m
v

balok =

(3,99 g)
( 5,8 cm3 )

balok = 0,68 g/cm3

|mm|

|0,08
3,99|

|vv |

|0,3
5,8|

=|0,020| +

0,68 g/cm3

|0,051| 0,68 g/cm3

= 0,04 g/cm3
KR =

KR =

0,04 g /cm
0,68 g /cm 3

100%
3

100% = 5,8 % (2 AB)

PF: | | = |0,68 0,04| g/cm3

Bola
m
=
x =

5,58 g+5,57 g+5,57 g

3

|mx m |

1 = |5,585,57|g = 0,01 g
x = |5,575,57| g = 0 g
x = |5,575,57| g = 0 g

= 5,57 g

 m = max = 0,01 g.
KR =

m
m

KR =

0,01 g
5,57 g

100%

100% = 0,1% ( 4 AB )

m| = |5,570 0,010| g
PF : |m

balok =

m
v

balok =

5,570 g
3
2,3 c m

balok = 2,421 g/cm3

|mm|

|vv |
3

0,010 g /cm
3
5,570 g /cm

=|0,001| +

| |
+

0,1 cm
3
2,3 cm

2,421 g/cm3

|0,043| 2,421 g/cm3

= 0,106 g/cm3

KR =

KR =

0,106 g /cm3
2,421 g /cm3

100%

100% = 4,3 % (3 AB)

PF: | | = |2,42 0,10| g/cm3