Anatomy of the Heart

Location of the Heart

Position of the heart and associated structures in the mediastinum.

The positions of the heart and associated structures
in the mediastinum are indicated by dashed outlines

Pericardium
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is the
pericardium(per-i-KAR-de-um; peri- around)
The pericardium consists of two main parts: (1) the fibrous
pericardium and (2) the serous pericardium
The superficial fibrous pericardiumis composed of tough,
inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue
The deeper serous pericardiumis a thinner, more delicate
membrane that forms a double layer around the heart
The outer parietal layer of the serous pericardiumis fused to the
fibrous pericardium.

 The inner visceral layer of the serous pericardium,

which is also called the epicardium is one of the layers
of the heart wall and adheres tightly to the surface of
the hear
Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous
pericardium is a thin film of lubricating serous fluid. This
slippery secretion of the pericardial cells, known as
pericardial fluid, reduces friction between the layers of
the serous pericardium as the heart moves. The space
that contains the few milliliters of pericardial fluid is
called the pericardial cavity.

Pericardium and heart wall.

Layers of the Heart Wall

The epicardiumis composed of two tissue layers. The outermost,
as you just learned, is called the visceral layer of the serous
pericardium.This thin, transparent outer layer of the heart wall is
composed of mesothelium. Beneath the mesothelium is a
variable layer of delicate fibroelastic tissue and adipose tissue
The middle myocardium(m-o-KAR-de-um; myo- muscle) is
responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed
of cardiac muscle tissue
The innermost endocardium(en-do-KAR-de-um; endo- within) is
a thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective
tissue. It provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart
and covers the valves of the heart

Chambers of the Heart

Heart Valves and Circulation

of Blood

Systemic and Pulmonary

Circulations

Coronary Circulation

Histology of Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Action Potential and Contraction

of Contractile Fibers

ATP Production in Cardiac Muscle

Heart Sounds

Cardiac Output