Todays Agenda
What is Poetry?
All poems are made up of a series of lines.
Line length, line breaks, and punctuation all contribute to rhythm and
meaning.
Poems exist in two forms:
Traditional (Structured) and Organic (Unstructured)
Analyzing
Poetry
The Art of TPCASTT and Close
Reading
TPCASTT
TPCASTT is an acronym to aid in poetry analysis.
Title
Paraphrase
Connotation
Attitude (Tone)
Shift
Title
Theme
Title (1)
Before reading the poem, read the title and make a
prediction about the content of the poem.
Paraphrase
Translate the poem into sentences.
At this point you are only interpreting the poem at a
literal level. (This is Level 1 analysis.)
Connotation
Identify the use of figurative language in the poem.
You can use DIDLS to help with this step.
How does the poet use language?
Is there any unusual language?
What is the register of (how formal is) the poem?
Look for meaning in the poem beyond the literal.
Identify sound devices and imagery as well.
Attitude (Tone)
Using your understanding of language, assess the
poets attitude toward
any characters.
the subject of the poem.
Humor? Sarcasm? Awe?
Shift
Note any shifts or changes in speaker or attitude.
Look for key words, time changes, punctuation.
Again, DIDLS will be useful.
Title (2)
Look at the title again on an interpretive level.
How does the title reflect the analytical level (level
2) of the poem?
Theme
Briefly state in your own words what the poem is about
(subject), then what the poet is saying
about the subject (theme).
Piano
by D. H. Lawrence
13
Piano by D. H. Lawrence
Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me;
Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see
A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling
strings
And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles
as she sings.
In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song
Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong
To the old Sunday evenings at home, with winter outside
And hymns in the cozy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide.
So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamour
With the great black piano appassionato. The glamour
Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is cast
Down in the flood of remembrance, I weep like a child for
the past.