Decoding means understanding the sounds associated with letter symbols and being able to

put them together. A good reading program teaching decoding skills will include phonological
awareness activities, blending sounds and segmenting sounds. Phonological awareness is
the understanding that words are made up of individual letter/sound combinations. Blending
is being able to put those sounds together to "read" a word. Segmenting is being able to
separate a word into individual sounds. In more advanced reading, blending and segmenting
will be used to put together or take apart multisyllable words. Some instruction in decoding is
useful for all readers to help them read unfamiliar words and also in spelling. Many readers
understand the decoding system easily. Those who do not should receive more extensive,
direct teaching in these skills. Decoding is what we often associate with phonics and is
frequently considered the boring

Motivation in the class: - For the optimum and successful use of the talent and
abilities of the students,

constant motivation is needed in the classroom environment which can be

maintained by the teacher with the implication of various techniques. In this
process the teacher should pay attention to the individual differences of he
students, setting up attainable goals, and evaluation of the goal attainment and
dynamic selection of motivational techniques. Some of the important techniques
can be stated as follows.
1. Attractive environment:- The classrooms should be well designed and well
equipped to provide a better and interesting learning environment.
Cleanliness is also an important part of this strategy.
2. Sublimation of innate impulses and drives:- The children always have
some innate impulses or drives like curiosity, construction, self assertion,
pugnacity etc. which led them to their activities. Therefore a teacher
should stimulate the curiosity and encourage creativity of the students.
Stimulus variation:- The student find it dull and uninteresting to attend the
similar act for long period. So the teacher should bring variation in the process of
teaching through his movement, gesture, posture, speech pattern and sensory