Chemical Equation

- A description of a reaction using a element symbols and chemical formulas

Reactants
- the starting substances in a chemical reaction.

Products
- the substances produced by the chemical reation.

Synthesis Reaction
- A type of chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine and form a one
compound

Decomposition Reaction

A type of chemical reaction in which one compound breaks down and forms two or
more substances

VOCAB #3 UNIT 2 MATTER

Vocab Quiz 9.25.15
1. Volume: The amount of space a sample of matter occupies

2. Solid- A state of matter with a define (fixed) shape and volume.

3. Liquid- a state of matter with a definite (fixed) volume but not a definite shape.

Gas- A state of matter without a definite volume or shape.

Plasma- the fourth state of matter ; a superheated gas that contains ionized (charged) particles
due to the gain or less electrons.

Physical Properties - Any characteristic of matter that you can observe without changing the
identity of the substance.

Chemical Property- The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into a new
substance.

Mass- the amount of matter in an object.

Density- The mass per unit of volume of a substance.

Solubility- The ability of one substance to dissolve in another.

Conductivity- the ability to conduct (transfer) thermal and/or an electric current

Science - The investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that
results from those investigations.

Observation - Using one or more of your senses to gather information and take note of what
occurs.

Inference - This is a logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or
experience.

Hypothesis - It is an educated guess or possible explanation about an observation that can be

tested.

Prediction - A statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events.

Technology - The practical use of scientific knowledge for industrial or commercial use.

Scientific Law - Describes a pattern or an event in nature that is always true

Conservation Laws
Laws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Electromagnetism

Scientific Theory - An explanation of observations or events based on knowledge gained from

many observations and investigations.
Theory of Gravity
Atomic Theory
Cell Theory
Germ Theory

Critical Thinking - Objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement.

Scientific Inquiry: A sequence of the skills or methods that a scientist might use in an
investigation.

Scientific Method
What is the scientific method? It is a process that is used to find
answers to questions about the world around us.
Is there only one Scientific Method? No, there are several
versions of the scientific method. Some versions have more steps,
while others may only have a few. However, they all begin with the
identification of problem or a question to be answered based on
observations of the world around us and provide an organized
method for conducting and analyzing an experiment.

What is a hypotheses? It is a(n) possible explanation based on

observations and your knowledge of the topic.
What is data? It is information gathered during an experiment.

Problem

Steps

Organized

Process

Possible

Question

Answers

Information

Explanation

p. NOS 5
Physical Science: Physical science can also be called physics or chemistry. It is the study of
matter and energy.

Earth Science:
the branch of science dealing with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere.

Life Science:

a branch of science that deals with living organisms and life processesusually used in
plural.

Variable - any factor that can have more than one value.

Independent Variable - the factor that is tested and changed by the investigator.

Dependent Variable - the factor observed or measured during an experiment.

Controlled Experiment - An experiment that isolates the effect of one variable on a

system by holding constant all variables but the one under observation.

Instructions
Use Google Sheets to create a spreadsheet with data you'd like to merge.
Make sure you name your columns in row 1.
Select menu item Add-ons > Avery Label Merge > New merge.
Put your cursor in the box below. This box represents the label or name tag.
Click column header names on the sidebar to insert them into the box
Click Merge on the sidebar when you're done.
Label or Name Tag:

Identifying Variables
3 types of variables
Independent Variable
What is tested
What is manipulated

Dependent variable

Controlled Variable - A variable that is not changed

Also called constants
Allow for a fair test

Vocab #4

Substance - Matter with a composition that is always the same

Mixture - Matter that can vary in composition

Heterogenous Mixture - A mixture in which substance are not evenly mixed

(not the same throughout)

Homogenous Mixture - A mixture in which two or more substances are evenly mixed but not
bonded together

Solution - another name for a homogenous mixture

Solvent - The substance that exists in the greatest quantity in a solution

Solute - Any substance in a solution other than other than the solvent

Concentration - The amount of a particular solute of a given solution

Variable - any factor that can have more than one value.

Independent Variable - the factor that is tested and changed by the investigator.

Dependent Variable - the factor observed or measured during an experiment.

Controlled Experiment - An experiment that isolates the effect of one variable on a

system by holding constant all variables but the one under observation.

Constants / Controlled Variables - The factors in an experiment that stay the same

Controlled Experiment- A controlled experiment has two groups - an experimental + control

group.

Experimental Group - a group of subjects that does not get the placebo effect.

Control Group - A control group contains the same factors but is not tested and is needed for
comparison.

Quantitative Observation - it is an observation that involves a number (IQ 130)

Qualitative Observations - Observations that are not precise and should be clarified ;words
describe the observation.

Significant digits - are the number of digits in a measurement that are known with certainty.

International system of units (SI) - the internationally accepted system for measurement.

Unit 2 Matter Vocab #5 The Atom

Atom - The building block of all matter: the basic unit of a chemical element

Nucleus - The region in the center of an atom; contains most of the mass of the atom

Proton - A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron - An uncharged particle that can be found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron- A negatively charged particle found in the electron cloud

Electron Cloud- The region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are most like to
be found.

Element - A substance consisting of atoms, which have the same number of protons.

Atomic number - The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Ion - An atom that has a positive or negative charge because of the gain or loss of an
electron
Isotope - One of two or more atoms of an element with the same number of protons,
but a different number of neutrons.

Voacb #6

Periodic Table - a chart of elements arranged into rows and columns according to there
physical and chemical properties.

Group - A column on the periodic table.

Period - This is a row on the periodic table.

* Alkali Metal * - Elements in group 1 which include lithium, sodium, Potassium, Rubidium,
Cesium, and Francium.
yellow is alkali metals

Alkaline Earth Metals - the elements in group 2 on the periodic table react quickly with other
elements. Examples are Magnesium and Calcium.

Vocab #7 Physical and Chemical Changes

Quiz will be Friday, 11/06/15

Physical Change
A change that affects the size, shape or color of a substance but doesnt affect its composition.

Phase Change
A physical change in state of matter due to a change in temperature In which the matter's density stays the same.

Dissolving
A physical change; occurs when a material has solubility.

Chemical Change
A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into new substances.

Precipitate
An insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution during a chemical change.

Law of Conservation of Mass

States that mass is neither created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction.

Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.

Melting Point
The Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

Acids and Bases

Hydronium Ion - A positively charged ion formed when an acid dissolves in water. (H3O+)

Hydroxide Ion - A negatively charged ion that is formed when a base dissolves in water. (OH-)

Acid - A substance that produces a hydronium ion when dissolved in water.

Base - A substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.


pH - pH is an inverse measure of hydronium ion in a solution

pH Scale - a scale used to indicate how acidic or how basic a solution is.
Indicator - A compound that changes color at different pH value when it reacts with acidic or
basic solution.
Balance of Hydronium and Ions - Acid = [H3O+] > [OH-]
Neutral = [H3O+] = [OH-]
Base = [H3O+] < [OH-]
H30+ = hydronium
Oh- = hydroxide
Acids - when an acid mixes with water the hydrogen atom separates from the acid and quickly
combines with a water molecule, resulting in a hydronium ion.

Characteristics of Acids
- pH below 7
- Sour Taste
- Most can damage skin and eyes

Conduct Electricity
Acids react with bases to form neutral solution

Bases - When a hydroxide compound mixes with water, hydroxide ions separate from the base
and form hydroxide ions in water.
Bases that do not contain hydroxide ions to produce hydroxide ions by taking hydrogen atoms
away from water, leaving hydroxide ions.
Characteristics of Bases
- ph above 7
- Taste bitter
- slippery
- most can cause damage to skin and eyes
- Can conduct electricity
- Bases react with acids to form solutions
What is pH
- The pH scale is used to indicate how acidic or basic a solution is
What is pH
A change in one pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity or basicity of a solution