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  • Anthony J. Wheeler, Ahmad R. Ganji-Introduction To Engineering Experimentation (3rd Edition) - Prentice Hall (2009)

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    alghoneman
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    Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia 1. Horton Senior Acquisitions Editor: Tacy Quinn Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Production Liaison: Irwin Zucker Production Editor: Olivia Johnson, Laserwords Senior Operations Specialist: Alan Fischer Operations Specialist: Lisa McDowell Marketing Manager: Tim Galligan Marketing Assistant: Mack Patterson Art Director: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Kristine Carney Cover Image: Ian McKinnelllTaxifGetty Images Art Editor: Greg Dulles Media Editor: Daniel Sandin Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India. I form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use ma- i terials from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education, Permissions Department, 1 Lake I Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. i Copyright © 2010,2004,1996 by Pearson Higher Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 07458. All right reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any I The authors and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include thei development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The authors anql publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentatior l contained in this book. The authors and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequentia l damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.

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    Anthony J. Wheeler, Ahmad R. Ganji-Introduction to Engineering Experimentation (3rd Edition)-Prentice Hall (2009)

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    Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia 1. Horton Senior Acquisitions Editor: Tacy Quinn Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Production Liaison: Irwin Zucker Production Editor: Olivia Johnson, Laserwords Senior Operations Specialist: Alan Fischer Operations Specialist: Lisa McDowell Marketing Manager: Tim Galligan Marketing Assistant: Mack Patterson Art Director: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Kristine Carney Cover Image: Ian McKinnelllTaxifGetty Images Art Editor: Greg Dulles Media Editor: Daniel Sandin Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India. I form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use ma- i terials from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education, Permissions Department, 1 Lake I Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. i Copyright © 2010,2004,1996 by Pearson Higher Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 07458. All right reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any I The authors and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include thei development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The authors anql publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentatior l contained in this book. The authors and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequentia l damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.

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    Anthony J. Wheeler, Ahmad R. Ganji-Introduction To Engineering Experimentation (3rd Edition) - Prentice Hall (2009)

    Diunggah oleh

    alghoneman
    Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia 1. Horton Senior Acquisitions Editor: Tacy Quinn Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Production Liaison: Irwin Zucker Production Editor: Olivia Johnson, Laserwords Senior Operations Specialist: Alan Fischer Operations Specialist: Lisa McDowell Marketing Manager: Tim Galligan Marketing Assistant: Mack Patterson Art Director: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Kristine Carney Cover Image: Ian McKinnelllTaxifGetty Images Art Editor: Greg Dulles Media Editor: Daniel Sandin Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India. I form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use ma- i terials from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education, Permissions Department, 1 Lake I Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. i Copyright © 2010,2004,1996 by Pearson Higher Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 07458. All right reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any I The authors and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include thei development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The authors anql publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentatior l contained in this book. The authors and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequentia l damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.

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    9.

    3- MEASURING H U M I DITY

    Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in air. Water vapor in air
    affects the density, and humidity measurement is necessary to determine
    the performance of many systems.
    The humidity ratio is defined as the ratio of the water vapor mass to the
    mass of dry air in the mixture:
    mass water vapor
    w mass of dry air
    (9.28)

    Example 9.1 1
    A sling psychrometric measures a dry-bulb temperature of 33C and a wetbulb temperature of
    21C. What are the relative humidity and the humidity ratio?
    Solution: Using Figure B.l, we find that the relative humidity is
    approximately 34% and the humidity ratio is 0.0108 kg water/kg air.

    9.4- FIBER-OPTIC DEVICES


    Fiber-optics systems are more a method of signal transmission than a
    sensing technology, but two of the more important sensing applications are
    temperature and pressure measurement.
    The direction of the refracted wave is governed by Snell's law:
    Saudi Aramco: Non-Business Use

    (9.30)

    Optical fibers have extensive application in telecommunication and computer


    networking, but their application as sensing devices is not that widespread
    yet. Applying fiber-optic-based sensors is an emerging technology and is
    expected to grow in the near future. Optical sensing and signal transmission
    have several potential advantages over conventional electric output
    transducers and electric signal transmission. Major advantages are as
    follows:

    1. Nonelectric (optical fibers are immune to electromagnetic and radiofrequency interference).


    2. Explosion proof.
    3. High accuracy.
    4. Small size (both fibers and the attached sensors can be very small in size,
    applicable to small spaces with minimum loading and interference effect).
    5. High capacity and signal purity.
    6. Can be easily interfaced with data-communication systems.
    7. Multiplexing capability (numerous signals can be carried simultaneously,
    allowing a single fiber to monitor multiple points along its length or to
    monitor several different parameters).

    Saudi Aramco: Non-Business Use

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