ΗΜΕΡΟΛΟΓΙΟ 2016 t

=3.
141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
http://mathhmagic.blogspot.gr/
..
2016

2016
1
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,
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2016
(Gustave Flaubert, 12 1821 8 1880)
,
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,
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3:15 . .
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28
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11
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29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
2 2016
257885161-1,

160 . ;
.
10 , 102 , 103
... 10-1 - .
10
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. log 10-1 =-1 , log 10 =
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.
, 52013. ;

log 52013 =2013 log 5 = 701,5133
(log5 0,34948 )
52013 702 .
.
257885161-1
257885161 2
2,4,6 8 0.
log257885161 =57885161 log2=17425169,7648
257885161-1
17425170 !!!
28
4
11
18
25
4
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
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31
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2016
John Napier (15501617)

17 , , ,
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28
4
11
18
25
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6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
28
4
11
18
25
6
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
TITH
2016
, !
(1822-1911),
, 1872,

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28 29 30 31 1
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11 12 13 14 15
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18 19 20 21 22
.
25 26 27 28 29
7
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
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=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
aurel, !
Arithmaurel
Timoleon Maurel. H Arithmaurel
,
.
.
:
1+3+5+7+..+(2x-1)=x2
x , , K

.
.
, 64
64-1=63
1
63-3=60
2
60-5=55
3
55-7=48
4
48-9=39
5
39-11=28
6
28-13=15
7
15-15=0
8
64 , 8.
K ,
.
.

100
28 29 30 31 1
.
4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
8
2
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16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
,
.

.
. . . ,
,
.
.
Haruki Murakami
28
4
11
18
25
9
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
28
4
11
18
25
10
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

. ,
. (1909-1984),
1963 , ,
;
. 1
. 1
2,3,4,5,6,7.... .
. :
200 200.
,
. ; ,
.
11
28
4
11
18
25
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10
2016

,
. 1859

W.R.Hamilton , . 95

, .
() ().

.
.
2 .
.
;

( BCDFGHJKLMNPQZXWRBTV)
28
4
11
18
25
12

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11
2016
Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)
,
, ,
,
. ,
, .

, .
, ,

.
Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)
28
4
11
18
25
13
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12
2016
.
Martin Gardner
A.C.Aitken.
Aitken
2 = ( d)( + d) + d 2
d 10
36, d =4
40:
362=(36-4)(36+4)+42=32x40+16=1296
48, d =2
50:
482=(48-2)( 48+2)+22=50x46+4=2304
, .
28
4
11
18
25
14
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
13
2016
1985. Paul Erds 72 Terence Tao- Fields- 10 . Erdos

Tao
(squarefree number ).
Tao, o Erdos
Princeton .
28
4
11
18
25
15
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
14
2016
;
..

.
. . :
:
:
:
:
:
.
:
, ,

.
28
4
11
18
25
16
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
15
2016
(Bimagic squares)
Franois douard Anatole Lucas (1842 1891)

1891, G.Pfeffermann (bimagic squares).
A
.
Pfeffermann 8x8
"Les Tablettes du Chercheur" 15 1891 .
,
.
1890: First known multimagic square (8th-order bimagic of Pfeffermann)

Game: complete the missing numbers
(http://www.multimagie.com/English/Pfeffermann8.htm )
.
. Edouard Lukas
28
3x3
4
4x4
11
. 8x8
18

25
17

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
16
2016

1975,
1974, ,
,
. 110
.
Scientific American. 100 ,

Warwick
.
. Warwick
:
,
;

.
,
.
,
!
.
28
4
11
18
25
18
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
17
2016
(Von Koch )

.
.
12 1/3
.
48 .
,
Von Koch ( )
. 1
, 3 .
1/3 ,

4/3. 3 ,
4, 16/3 , 5,33 64/9=7.11 ...
!
.
Von Koch 8/5
. .
" "

.
- ,
. ""
fractio (, ),
,
.

28 29 30 31 1
4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
19
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
18
2016
Tupper (Tuppers self-referential formula)

x,y
. :
(1)
[.] mod
.
:
48584506361897134235820959624942020445814005879832445494830930850619
34704708809928450644769865524364849997247024915119110411605739177407
85691975432657185544205721044573588368182982375413963433822519945219
16512843483329051311931999535024137587652392648746133949068701305622
95813219481113685339535565290850023875092856892694555974281546386510
73004910672305893358605254409666435126534936364395712556569593681518
43348576052669401612512669514215505395545191537854575257565907405401
57929001765967965480064427829131488548259914721248506352686630476300
(x,y-k) 0<=<=105 <=y<+16
(1) "" Tupper
Jeffee Tupper 2001

GrafEq.
20
28
4
11
18
25
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
19
2016
" ,
."
Richard Preston, The Mountains of Pi, The New Yorker
Wells,
. Y.Tamura Y.Kanada
16 .
Gauss
.,,
.
:

=1 , =1, =(1/2)^(1/2) , C=1/4

1.<-
2.<- (+)/2
3.<- (*)^(1/2)
4.C<-C-X*(A-Y)^2
5.X<-2*X
6. (+)^2/(4*C)
7..
.
Q
1: 3.14057925
2: 3.14159264
3: 3.14159265
19
.
21
28
4
11
18
25
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
20
2016
28
4
11
18
25
22
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
21
2016

; ; ..
- .
- , .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- by the book.
- .
- .
- .
- ..
- .
- .
23
28
4
11
18
25

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
22
2016
, 1912.
CERN.
1974,
!!
28
4
11
18
25
24
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
23
2016
28
4
11
18
25
25
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
24
2016

. ,
.

. ,
.
, .
(, )
,
, ,
.
G.H.Hardy
28
4
11
18
25
26
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
25
2016
(-)*(-)=(+)
Mathematics Teacher R. Mwajombe,

"" : (-)*(-)=(+)
.
.
(+) (-).
( -) ,

(+).
(+), (-) .
:
28
4
11
18
25
27

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
26
2016
...
.
.

.-
-
-

. ,,
.
;

:
http://mathhmagic.blogspot.gr/2012/12/blog-post_6.html
28
28
4
11
18
25

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
27
2016

, .
,
.

.

. .

, .
28
4
11
18
25
29
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
28
2016
!!!

,
.
, :
234543626774808946836537836488

, .
0,1,5 6
.
89754687476476457604937067654466464
6. (http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=89754687476476^457604937067654466464)
0,1,5 6
( ) (
, ) .
:
234543626774808946836537836488 ->988
(88) , 4
9 ,
.
988->94

,

.
92 =81
12 =1
234543626774808946836537836488 1.
( http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=2345436267748089^46836537836488)
4
4 .
76786654635489636593357839742347235920848473875007527->327
27-24=3 (24 4) 327->33=27

76786654635489636593357839742347235920848473875007527 7.
(http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=767866546354896365933578397423^47235920
848473875007527)

789437890976347897367639076097837897563760789037 ->837

1
37-36=1
8 =8 8
28 29 30 31 1
90867589406476539076307895607073774573747->447
4 5 6 7 8
47-44=3 43=64 4
11 12 13 14 15

18 19 20 21 22
.
25 26 27 28 29
http://www.wolframalpha.com/
30
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
29
2016
(1724-1804)

, .
,
.
28
4
11
18
25
31

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
30
2016
.
, 1872
..,

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.
:

,
.
,

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,
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,
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:
28 29 30 31 1
, .
4 5 6 7 8
,
11 12 13 14 15
(1880).
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
32
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
31
2016
28
4
11
18
25
33

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
1 2016
Venn
25
1
8
15
22
29
34

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2 2016
!!

. o
,
."
P.Carus
,
, ,
, .,
, -
.
.
,
12/3/74 ,,
.
26.
;
.
// :
, =1.
35
25
1
8
15
22
29

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
3 2016
...o " Arnolfini" !!

, ,
.
.
, ,
.
( ).
. .

.

.

Jan Van Eyck ,"To Arnolfini" 1434 .

,
5 ,

.

.
36
25
1
8
15
22
29

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Grelling
Memorial Stolperstein at Kurt Grelling's residence Knigsberger Strae 13 in Berlin
"" . ""
"" .
"".,
.
"" . "".
"" ; ,
,, . ,
, ,.,
!!
(W.V.Quine ,The ways of paradoxes and other Essays,1966)
25
1
8
15
22
29
37

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
! Martin Hollis.
Martin Hollis Journal of Philosophy
100 (.hollis "Penny pinching and backward induction").
,,
.
, .
100 1 .
1 2 .
1, ,
2
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
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.
,
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, . .
,
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100 2
0 .

25 26 27 28 29 30
.
1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13
15 16 17 18 19 20
22 23 24 25 26 27
29 1 2 3 4 5
38
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
!!
179
180 . Henry Dudeney "Canterbury
Puzzles".
25
1
8
15
22
29
39

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
30 2007, Alexis Lemaire 13 200-

77 .
200- 85,877,066,894,718,045,
602,549,144,850,158,599,202,771,247,748,960,878,023,151,
390,314,284,284,465,842,798,373,290,242,826,571,823,153,
045,030,300,932,591,615,405,929,429,773,640,895,967,991,
430,381,763,526,613,357,308,674,592,650,724,521,841,103,
664,923,661,204,223.
13 45,792,573.
Alexis Lemaire
13 100- 200- .
Lemaire ;
25
1
8
15
22
29
40

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
1/89
;

10
.
N
1
1/101=0.1
2
1/102=0.01
3
2/103=0.002
4
3/104=0.0003
5
5/105=0.00005
6
8/106=0.000008
(+)
7
13/107=0.00000013
0.112358
1/89=0.112358

1/89 , .
89 11 .

1 .
89 :
89-145-42-20-4-16-37-58-89
89
Sophie Germain:
89,179,359,719,1439,2879.
( p 2p+1 , p
Sophie Germain. .)
25
1
8
15
22
29
41

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
, !!
..;;
(1914 1969) ,

:
,,, , :
: 2+2=4
: 3+3=6
: 3+3=8
:
;
: 3 1
.
.
25
1
8
15
22
29
42

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10
2016

120
.
25
1
8
15
22
29
43

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11
2016
...
25
1
8
15
22
29
44

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12 2016
...
:
(
).
, .
.
9 ;

,
2.96 109 km .
.

.
,

.
- King College
:
3
D2
2 2k
8970
9
5.81 105 ,
, 3/2 - .
45
25
1
8
15
22
29

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
13
2016
....
1961, , ,

,
,
:
S=D/K
S: , .
D:
.
: .
20 , 20
1.
, .

3,
15 , 5.
,
,
'.
" D ," ," ,
.. ."
Keys, Kings and Companies, , The Worm Runners Digest, 1961
25
1
8
15
22
29
46

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
14
2016
1/729 !!!
1/729 81 :
0.001371742112482853223593964334705075445816186556927297668038408779149519
890260631
9 :
001371742
112482853
223593964
334705075
445816186
556927297
668038408
779149519
890260631
9
111111111.
25
1
8
15
22
29
47

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
15
2016
.
.
52
52!
52! 8.06582 x 1067
10 16
(16,000,000,000)
16,000,000,000=16 x 109

:
-60 .
-60 .
-24 .
-365 ( 366 ).
:
60 x 60 x 24 x 366 x 16,000,000,000 = 505958400000000000 5.1 x 1017
:
8.06582 x 1067 > 5.1 x 1017

.
25
1
8
15
22
29
48

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
16
2016
:
;

.

12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 4
1 6
1 8,1
1 10,4
1 12,7
1 15
1 17,4
1 19,7
1 22

1/22 .

. ; Gauss (1777 1855)
, ,
1896 Jacques Hadamard
Charles de la Valee Poussin .To
n
1/log n.
25
1
8
15
22
29
49

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
17
2016

;
.
.
2000

. ,
:
,
/.

1-/.
[1-/]3. , ,
[1-/].,
,
, 1-[1-/]. , ( 4/5 2,2x1022
) ( 1044 )
0,99.
(
J.A.Paulos)
25
1
8
15
22
29
50

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
18
2016
25
1
8
15
22
29
51

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
19
2016
- .
." ,!!.
" ".
" ".
, .
, " ;".
: " , !!!."
2
n =1
=1
25
1
8
15
22
29
52

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
20
2016
!!! (Sofa problem)
1966, Leo Moser

:
1 ,
""
;
( ) .

L 1 .
( sofa Constant).
46 , . 1968,
John Michael Hammersley
,
2 ( ).
(sofa Constant) Hammersley

2.207416099. 1992 Joseph Gerver Hammersley,
2.219531669 .
.

25 26 27 28 29 30
1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13
15 16 17 18 19 20
22 23 24 25 26 27
29 1 2 3 4 5
53
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
21
2016

Wieslawa Szymborska 1966- .

.

.

.
, , .
.
.
,
, , , ,
.
, , , !
, o !
,
,
, .

, , ,

, ,
, ,

, , ,
.
25
1
8
15
22
29
54

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
22
2016
Richard Feynman :
Richard Feynman (1918-1988 )

;.
:
,
.
,
,
. , ,
.

,

.
Richard Feynman , Feynman Lectures in Physics
25
1
8
15
22
29
55

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
23
2016
.. o. (illumination problem)
,
. ,
,
.

.
; ,
;
1950, Roger Penrose
,
.
, ( )
.
Penrose . .
;
George Tokarsky 1995 26
.
.
1997 D. Castro.
25
1
8
15
22
29
56

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
24
2016
, .
,
1x1 . ,
, :
" . ,
!"
25
1
8
15
22
29
57

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
25
2016
Kaprekar!!!
D.R. Kaprekar (1905-1986)

D.R. Kaprekar (1905-1986), 1956
.
0
( ) :
04, 20, 34, 12, 50, 42, 03, 41, 53, 15, 31, 25.

:
05, 21, 35, 13, 51, 43, 02, 40, 52, 14, 30, 24.

.
04+ 20+34+12+50+42+03+41+53+15+31+25= 05+ 21+ 35+13+ 51+ 43+02+40+ 52+ 14+ 30+24
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
04 + 20 +34 +12 +50 +42 +03 +41 +53 +15 +31 +25 =
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
05 + 21 + 35 +13 + 51 + 43 +02 +40 + 52 +14 + 30 +24
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
04 + 20 +34 +12 +50 +42 +03 +41 +53 +15 +31 +25 =
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
05 + 21 + 35 +13 + 51 + 43 +02 +40 + 52 +14 + 30 +24
25
1
8
15
22
29
58

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
26
2016
=
!!
:
122 + 542 + 695 = 211 + 364 + 784
:
122 + 524 + 659 = 211 + 346 + 748
212 + 452 + 965 = 121 + 634 + 874
221 + 425 + 956 = 112 + 643 + 847
212 + 254 + 569 = 121 + 436 + 478
221 + 245 + 596 = 112 + 463 + 487
:
1222 + 5422 + 6952 = 2112 + 3642 + 7842
25
1
8
15
22
29
59

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
27
2016
arl Menger (1902-1985)

(fractal)
.
1 33=27 .

, 20
1/3. 20
20x20=400 (1/3)x(1/3)=1/9. ,
400x20=8000
(1/3)3=1/27 .
, (
) .
, ,
' ,
.
60
25
1
8
15
22
29

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
28
2016

. ,
. ,
.
.
G.H.Hardy " ".
25
1
8
15
22
29
61

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
29
2016
, ..
(1+2+3+4++ )2=13+23+33+43++3,
15 x15 , 1 5
.
(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)x( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5),
. ( )
.

.
:
2
2
2
2
1x1 +2x2 +3x3 +4x4 +5x52=13+23+33+43+53
62
25
1
8
15
22
29

26 27 28 29 30
2 3 4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
1 2 3 4 5
31
7
14
21
28
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
. .
. .

.
.
:
- ", ;"
, :
- " ."
. ,
:
- " !"
- " ;" .
- " ,
!"
29
7
14
21
28
63
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
BEAL 100000 !!!!
Andrew Beal
Andrew Beal
,
:
BEAL 100000
Ax + By = Cz, A, B, C, x, y z x, y z
2, A, B C
.
, : 33+63=35 3 3,3,6
.
Beal 100000
. ,
1997 Daniel Mauldin Beal
.
Fermat .
.
29
7
14
21
28
64
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
29
7
14
21
28
65
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
28
29
47
11
14
18
21
25
28
66

29
1 30
2 31
3 14
58 69 10
7 11
8
12 16
15
13 17
14 18
15
19 23
22
20 24
21 25
22
26 30
29
27 31
28 29
1
25
12
9
16
19
23
26
30
2
36
13
10
17
20
24
27
31
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

- , ,
.
, 1991
- , .
, 1989
- .
, , 1982
- .
, , 1991
- .
, , 1983.
!!!!!!!
- . ,
, .
- . ,
- , . '

- ,
.
- - , .. 10-20-30 .
- .
.
- ,
. , .
- , ,
, .
- .
- , , ,
,, , . '
.
67
29
7
14
21
28
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
!
180 ,
. 1776.
29
7
14
21
28
68
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
,
,
. 2 .
3 . "
". .
- "
".
29
7
14
21
28
69
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
... !!
29
7
14
21
28
70
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

O ( 250 )

.
1 100 .
2 2 , 4 ,
6 , 2
. 3 ,
. 3 ,
6 , 9, 12 , 3
.

.
1 .
29
7
14
21
28
71
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10
2016
Rupert !!!!

;
Rupert ( ,
,
. Rupert
)
.
1
1.0606601.
""
EFGH ABCD
Y .
29
7
14
21
28
72
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11
2016
Stephen king !!!!!!!
Stephen king , ,

,
, 250 ..
: .
,, , ,

. .
King :
.

. :
.

. .
. .
.
. .
, . .

.
,
. .

: 9, 15 21 .
5 7,.
25 . ,

.

.
29 1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30 31 1
73
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12
2016
,
.
.
.
2 2
.

29
7
14
21
28
74
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
13
2016
29
7
14
21
28
75
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
14
2016

14 .
"" 1988 Larry Shaw, San
Francisco Exploratorium,
( , 14/3 3-14) 2009
.
, 1:59
, 1,5,9 3,14
=3,14159.
29
7
14
21
28
76
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
15
2016
Ramanujan "" .
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)
Frontiers in
Human Neuroscience ,

Srinivasa Ramanujan.

. Ramanujan 1910
- -
75 .

Chudnovsky
29
7
14
21
28
8 14.
77
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
16
2016
" ,
. ,
,
. ,
.
:
,."

. .
, ,
,
:
" , ! "
,
. .
, :
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.
, ,
.
:
" ."

29 1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30 31 1
78
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
17
2016
666, 36
http://mathhmagic.blogspot.gr/2014/02/666-leviathan-e-bay.html
79
29
7
14
21
28
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
18
2016

;
, ,
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
00 99 , , 000 999 ..
,
. :

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

99999485134
99999945664
100000480057
99999787805
100000357857
99999671008
99999807503
99999818723
100000791469
99999854780
1000000000000
Chudnovsky,
- -
,:

. ,
. ,
, .
, ;
, .
29
7
14
21
28
80
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
19
2016
36 !!!!
( 1707-1783)
( 1707-1783)
. .
E.T.Bell , 800 60 !!
1782 36 . 6

, 1 ,2 ,3 .
6 ,
,, , , .
.
( 66) 36

. , ,
1901.
2x2 , 4 .
25 .
29
7
14
21
28
81
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
20
2016
!!!!!
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)
(1887-1920)

.
. .. ,
.
, 3000-4000 ,

, .
.
.. ,
, , :
- , . :
- . . .
, ,
,
, .
:
- .
29
7
14
21
28
82
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
21
2016
, !

.
.
( 276 .-194 .).
.

, , .
800 km

7,2 .()

.
( ) .
,
. ,
.

.
: =7,2 800 km.
1 800/7,2 km 360
: ( 800/7,2) 360 km. 40000
km =(40000/2)=6370 km
29
7
14
21
28
83
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
22
2016
KAPREKAR !!
6174
6174 .
.
. . 1949
DR Kaprekar
Kaprekar . ,
( 1111, 2222 ,...). ,
, .

.
, 6174.
2005,
5200, 0025 25 (
,
). :
5200 - 0025 = 5175 7551 - 1557 = 5994 9954 - 4599 = 5355 5553 - 3555 = 1998 9981 - 1899 =
8082 8820 - 0288 = 8532 8532 - 2358 = 6174 7641 - 1467 = 6174
6174 , 6174
. , 1789.
9871 - 1789 = 8082 8820 - 0288 = 8532 8532 - 2358 = 6174 6174 !
29
7
14
21
28
84
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
23
2016
29
7
14
21
28
85
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
24
2016
Fibonacci!
3.184 Fibonacci 666
, :
1167243740814955412334357645792141840689747174434394372363312
8273626208245238531296068232721031227888076824497987607345597
1975198631224699392309001139062569109651074019651076081705393
2060237984793918970003774751244713440254679507687069905503229
7133437094009365444241181520685790404104340056856808119437950
3001967669356633792347218656896136583990327918167352721163581
6503595776865522931027088272242471094763821154275682688200402
5850498611340877333322087361645911672649719869891579135588343
1385556958002121928147052087175206748936366171253380422058802
6552914033581456195146042794653576446729028117115407601267725
61572867155746070260678592297917904248853892358861771163
29
7
14
21
28
86
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
25
2016
!!
1997,
. ,
( ).
:
n, f(n) :
f(n)=10 x f(n-1)+n
f(0)=0 .

. 1,2,3,4,5, :
f(1)=10 x f(0)+1=10 x 0+1=1
f(2)=10 x f(1)+2=10 x 1+1=12
f(3)=10 x f(2)+3=10 x 12+2=123
f(4)=10 x f(3)+4=10 x 123+1=1234
f(5)=10 x f(4)+5=10 x 1234+5=12345
, .
n
.
, 500 f(49):
1111111111111111111111111.1111111111111111111111
0860
555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
2730541
66666666666666666666666666666666666666666
0296260347
2222222222222222222222222222222222222
0426563940928819
4444444444444444444444444444444
38775551250401171874
9999999999999999999999999999
808249687711486305338541
66666666666666666666666
5987185738621440638655598958
33333333333333333333
0843460407627608206940277099609374
99999999999999
0642227587555983066639430321587456597
222222222
1863492016791180833081844.....

.....
29 1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30 31 1
87
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
26
2016
;
:
- 1 1000

2012 725 !
- 30 .
-
( 1900 )
- 1 (
114000 )
- ,
. ( 1 2,7 )
- ( 1
82 )
- - .
- .
- 13,7 x 109 .

.
12
Michael Marcovici.
29
7
14
21
28
88
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
27
2016
Fibonacci ..!
1225, 2
,
, Leonardo Fibonacci .
. Fibonacci
.
... , :
, , 5 ,
5 .
G.N.Popov ,
(1932) ,
Fibonacci.
2 , :
2+5=2 2-5=2
:
: 2 - 2 = 10
, 10 : 10 = (80 x 18)/122, 2 - 2=(-)(+)(
)
(-)(+)= (80 x 18)/122 (-)(+)= (80/12) x ( 18/12)
- =18/12
+ =80/12
: =49/12 , =31/12
2=(1681/144)=(41/12)2
,:
(1681/144)+5= 2401/144=(49/12)2
(1681/144)-5= 961/144=(31/12)2
29
7
14
21
28
89
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
28
2016
Fibonacci !!!!
Fibonacci ; H
Chef.. (Esoteric
Programming Language esolang)
, ...
, ,
. , Chef .
David Morgan-Mar
,
. :" -
,
."
-
Chef, 100 Fibonacci
.

.
1)Fibonacci Numbers with Caramel Sauce.
This recipe prints the first 100 Fibonacci numbers. It uses an auxiliary recipe for caramel
sauce to define Fibonacci numbers recursively. This results in an awful lot of caramel sauce!
Definitely one for the sweet-tooths.
Ingredients.
100 g flour
250 g butter
1 egg
Method.
Sift the flour. Put flour into mixing bowl. Serve with caramel sauce. Stir for 2 minutes.
Remove egg. Rub the flour until sifted. Stir for 2 minutes. Fold the butter into the mixing
bowl. Pour contents of the mixing bowl into the baking dish.
Serves 1.
Caramel Sauce.
Ingredients.
1 cup white sugar
1 cup brown sugar
1 vanilla bean
Method.
Fold white sugar into mixing bowl. Put white sugar into mixing bowl. Fold brown sugar into
mixing bowl. Clean mixing bowl. Put white sugar into mixing bowl. Remove vanilla bean. Fold
white sugar into mixing bowl. Melt white sugar. Put vanilla bean into mixing
bowl. Refrigerate. Heat white sugar until melted. Put white sugar into mixing

bowl. Remove vanilla bean. Fold white sugar into mixing bowl. Caramelise
29 1 2 3 4
white sugar. Put vanilla bean into mixing bowl. Refrigerate. Cook white
7 8 9 10 11
sugar until caramelised. Put white sugar into mixing bowl. Serve with caramel
14
15 16 17 18
sauce. Fold brown sugar into mixing bowl.
21 22 23 24 25
Put white sugar into mixing bowl. Add vanilla bean. Serve
28 29 30 31 1
with caramel sauce. Add brown sugar.
90
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
29
2016
'E !!!
80
.
-

,
, , ,

,
, ,
, ,
.
," "
29
7
14
21
28
91
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
30
2016
.O . 1
1
96
22
141 41
105 122 11
32
128 63
146 46
134 81
117 39
69
95
158 13
153 55
110 24
66
40
17
113 85
161 2
148 74
163 45
80
104 157 27
152 60
171 53
99
119 84
114 50
140 86
10 98
142 42
11 3
87
12 54
130 10
97
167 154 68
156 75
165 61
10
11
30
70
121 26
12
13
112 49
109 14
174 18
116 83
126 56
14
15
16
132 73
58
159 100 90
176 7
34
160 52
170
36
143 64
125 76
136 1
93
107 25
118 91
138 71
127 16
169 94
129 62
37
139 15
133 21
135 47
103 28
155 57
120 88
123 65
150 29
77
101 162 23
151
175 43
168 89
172
48
166 51
115 72
111
19
82
164 144 59
147 33
102 4
31
106 5
35
108 92
20
67
145 79
137 38
12
149 8
173 78
124 44
131
;
, .
. .

!!!
( 1756-1791) ,
, 16
. To 1792 ,
Musikalisches Wrfelspiel (
). Musikalisches Wrfelspiel ,
,
16
. 176 1 176
16 , 11
.

:
29 1 2 3 4
16 ( ),
7 8 9 10 11

14 15 16 17 18

21 22 23 24 25
( 11 , 2 12).
28 29 30 31 1
92
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
31
2016
.O . 2
1116 (
45,949,729,863,572,161) .
,
1114 x 22 (1,518,999,334,332,964 ).
7 ,
,
.
, ,
62164442
.
, 30 ,
40
. ( Big Bang,
) 13 15
,
5 ,
.
:
http://magyar-irodalom.elte.hu/kirnberger/_html/mozart_e.html
29
7
14
21
28
93
1
8
15
22
29

2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30 31 1
5
12
19
26
2
6
13
20
27
3
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
: !!!
Samuel Loyd (1841 1911)

Sam Loyd :
" 100
.
3 2 ,
3 2 . ,
;"
33 99 ,
. 34 34
, 68 . 50 100
50 .
2 3 . 100
(2/3)100=67 . .
28
4
11
18
25
94
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
LucasCarmichael !!!
LucasCarmichael n
p n p + 1
n + 1. LucasCarmichael

, 8 125
LucasCarmichael .
( n3 + 1 = (n + 1)(n2 n + 1)
n + 1).
LucasCarmichael 399 = 3 7 19
399+1 = 400, 3+1, 7+1 , 19+1 400.
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
http://oeis.org/A006972)
LucasCarmichael:
399 = 3 7 19
935 = 5 11 17
2015 = 5 13 31
2915 = 5 11 53
4991 = 7 23 31
5719 = 7 19 43
7055 = 5 17 83
8855 = 5 7 11 23
12719 = 7 23 79
18095 = 5 7 11 47
20705 = 5 41 101
20999 = 11 23 83
22847 = 11 31 67
29315 = 5 11 13 41
31535 = 5 7 17 53
46079 = 11 59 71
51359 = 7 11 23 291
60059 = 19 29 109
Lucas Carmichael 588455 = 5 7 17 23 43.
28
4
11
18
25
95
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

,,
;
.
. .
, .
, .
. .
28
4
11
18
25
96

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
, .
, ,
,
-
..

, .
,
28
4
11
18
25
97
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
40
40
Gamow-Stern Puzzle math P.
R.Halmos Problems for mathematicians young and old. Halmos :
.
Google

Stanford
.

.
. ,
,
. . ,
.
. ,,
( ),
;
39 ,
40 . ;
1 , ,
. , . .
.
.
, .;
. . .
. .,
, . .
, , . ,
. ..
. .
.
. ,
,
. 40
1 2 ,
.
40 .
28
4
11
18
25
98
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Bolzano!
(Bernhard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano, 1781-1848),

,
, V
, .
,
. ,

, V.
, ,
. ,
,
.
28
4
11
18
25
99

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

,
, ...
.
,
.
28
4
11
18
25
100
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
"
!! "
Persi Diaconis Martin Gardner
(sprouts)
60 . Martin Gardner
.
.
2 3 4 ( ,
).

.
:
1.
. .
2. .
101
28
4
11
18
25
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
!!
William Robertson Davies, (1913 1995)
" ; .. ,
.
, :

.
.
. ;
.
,
. . 750 ,
, ,
."
Robertson Davies " , (
".
28
4
11
18
25
102

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10
2016
Tippe top,

Tippe Top Lund 1954
28
4
11
18
25
103
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11
2016
1089, !!
3-
2 ( . 561 ).
- : (561-165=693).
- :
693+396=1089 .
1089.
:
:
/ 99 :198,297,396,495,594,693,792,891.

1089.
198+891=1089
297+792=1089
396+693=1089
495+594=1089
594+495=1089
693+396=1089
792+297=1089
891+198=1089
104
28
4
11
18
25

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12
2016
Instant Insanity , !
60, Frank Armbruster

Instant insanity ,
Parker brothers .
12 .

.

4 6 .
4
. ,
, 24 ( 4x6)
4 4!x244 ,
.
41772 4
.
. .
.
:
http://nrich.maths.org/443
28
4
11
18
25
105
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
13
2016
George Birkhoff "" !!!
George Birkhoff (1884-1944)

. . George Birkhoff (18841944) Princeton
.
,
1930 "Aesthetic Measure ".
Birkhoff , .
, ,
.
: ()
(C)
=/C
Birkhoff

,

. Birchoff

:
, ,

. Birkoff
, ,
.
,

The esthetic measure of some polygons
.
according to Birkhoff's formula: M = O/C.

Birkoff ,,
, , .

28 29 30 31 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 1
106
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
14
2016
,
. ,
.

,
. :
1. 3435=33+44+33+55
2. 127=27-1
3. 598=51+92+83
4. 3125=(31+2)5
5. 1676=11+62+73+64=15+64+73+62
6. 759375 =(7 5 + 9 3+ 7) 5
7. 2592 = 25 92
8. 1233 =122 + 333
9. 990100 = 9902 +1002
10. 94122353 = 94122 + 23532
11. 2646798 = 21 + 62 + 43 + 64 + 75 + 96 + 87
12. 2427 = 21 + 42 + 23 + 74
13. 24739 = 24 7!39
14. 343 = (3+ 4)3
15. 221859 = 223 +183 + 593
16. 416768 = 7682 4162
17. 3468 = 682 342

.
1. 3869 = 622+ 052 , 6205 = 382+ 692
2. 5965 = 772 + 062 , 7706 = 592 + 652
3. 244 = 13 + 33 + 63 , 136 = 23 + 43 + 43
28
4
11
18
25
107
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
15
2016
!!!
12496 (12496,14288 , 15472 ,

14536, 14264)
Poulet 1918.
, .
12496
1,2,4,8,11,16,22,44,71,88,142,176,284,568,781,1136,1562,3124,6248 :
1+2+4+8+11+16+22+44+71+88+142+176+284+568+781+1136+1562+3124+6248=14288
: 14,288 -> 15,472 -> 14,536 -> 14,264 -> 12,496
Poulet 28
14316.
(14316 -> 19116 -> 31704 ->47616 ->83328->177792 ->295488->629072
->589786 ->294896->358336 ->418904 ->366556 ->274924 ->275444
->243760 ->376736->381028 ->285778 ->152990 ->122410->97946->48976
->45946 ->22976 ->22744->19916-> 17716)
1969 Henri Cohen 7
4 .
9 805984760.
3 .
:
http://djm.cc/sociable.txt
108
28
4
11
18
25

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
16
2016
!!!!
, ,
( ) .
, 23
:
,
3 1 4 1 5
9
2
6
5
3
5
, , , ,
8
9
7
9
3 2
3
.
8
4
6
2
6

.
6 ,
17 , , . (1872 1942). .
.
(31).
-Que Jaime a faire apprendre un nombre utile aux sages!
-Immortel Archimede , artiste ingenier.
-Qui de ton jugement peut priser la valeur?
-Pour moi ton problem est de parelis avantages.
- !
- , .
- ;
-M .

:
How I wish I could calculate pi.
How I like a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum
mechanics.

, .

28 29 30 31 1
4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
109

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
17
2016
-!!
:, , ,
,
.
5 ,
60/5=12 . .

.
,

,
.
.
28
4
11
18
25
110

29 30 31 1
5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
18
2016
The Feynman point:

The Feynman point: To 9 ( 762
). O Richard Feynman

, .
: nine nine nine nine nine nine nine nine nine nine
...
28
4
11
18
25
111
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
19
2016
!!!!

4 1991 Washington Post
9
.

. ,
.
.

.
,
.

.
1993 American
Journal of Public Health , ,
:
.
20 ,
, ( ),

,
.
,

,
28
29
30
31 1
.
4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
112

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
20
2016
....

. " "
.
. , .
:
(1) ,, .
(2)
.
(3) .
;
.

(1) ,, .
- .
.
.
(2) .
.

28 29 30 31 1
4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
113

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
21
2016
To Star rek , ..!!!

E cult Star rek
.
o ,
!!
" " (The Trouble with Tribbles)
,
10 12
.
.( !!).
1771561.
:
12- 1+10=11^1
12- 11+11*10=11^2
12- 11^2+11^2*10=11^2(1+10)=11^3
..
- 12- 11^ .
11^6 =1771561 .
" "
Fermat
800 .
5 Wiles.
1995 Faces
Wiles.
47!!
Joe Menosky
47
.

.
28
4
11
18
25
114
29
5
12
19
26

30 31 1
6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29

2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 1
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
22
2016
Andrew Wiles !!
Andrew Wiles,o
Fermat ,
:

: .
. ,
. , ,
, , ,
!
28
4
11
18
25
115
29
5
12
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26
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27
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28
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2016
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.
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26
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14
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15
2016
26
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16
2016
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17
2016
26
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18
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26
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19
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20
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21
2016
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26
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23
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24
2016
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25
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26
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27
2016
Walden 7, !!!
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28
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26
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29
2016
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30
2016
London's Tate "Endless Stair."
26
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27 28 29 30
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31
2016

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2016
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13
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14
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19
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21
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22
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23
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24
2016
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25
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26
2016
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27
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28
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2016
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30
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31
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2016
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2016
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2016
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2016
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2016

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12
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13
2016
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14
2016
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15
2016
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16
2016
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17
2016
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18
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19
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20
2016
14=15
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21
2016
.. !!
1989 :
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.
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.
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22
2016
!
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27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
23
2016
Rotterdam!!
Piet Blom
Rotterdam .
25
1
8
15
22
29
238

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
24
2016
25
1
8
15
22
29
239

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
25
2016
25
1
8
15
22
29
240

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
26
2016
T
.
1
:
.
1
1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
1
3
1
4
10 10 5
15 20 15 6
21 35 35 21 7
28 56 70 56 28 8
1
1
36 84 126 126 84 36 9
1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1

1 11 55 165 330 462 462 330 165 55 11 1
1 12 66 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 66 12 1
25
1
8
15
22
29
241

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
27 2016
Oliver Byrne
300 ..
.

.
.
, ,
.
,

.

. Spinoza .
a priori .
.
. 13 , 13
.
.
.
.
1847 Oliver Byrne The First Six Books of the Elements
of Euclid, with Coloured Diagrams and Symbols.

.
25
1
8
15
22
29
242

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
28
2016
-..
25
1
8
15
22
29
243

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
29
2016
25
1
8
15
22
29
244

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
30
2016

,

. 31x42 ,
,
.
.
:
1
31
,
( )
( 42 )
1
31
62
124
248
16
496
32
992
64
1984
, ,
42 ( 32+8+2).,

. :62+992+248=1302,
31x42.
25
1
8
15
22
29
245

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
31
2016
25
1
8
15
22
29
246

26 27 28 29
2 3 4 5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
30 31 1 2
30
6
13
20
27
3
31
7
14
21
28
4
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
1 2016
!!

,
2060.. .. .
,
. 5 ,

.
.
29
5
12
19
26
3
247

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
248

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
3 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
249

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
4 2016
.
, Pierre
Dumesnil .
1649,
.

.

.

,
.
,
, :

. 11 1650 .
29
5
12
19
26
3
250

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
5 2016

29
5
12
19
26
3
251

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
6 2016

. :
349 x37 .
349,37 :
(349,37)
.
. (349)
(37).
. (
)
.(
)
29
5
12
19
26
3
349x37=12913.
252

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
7 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
253

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
8 2016

29
5
12
19
26
3
254

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
9 2016
!
1990, Don tatcher Leicester

. :
;
Don atcher o :
=(r2-r1)/t
L=(r22 -r12 )/t
:
L:
.
t:
r1 :
.
r2 :
.
29
5
12
19
26
3
255

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10 2016

29
5
12
19
26
3
256

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11 2016
M ,

.
N,
A
29
5
12
19
26
3
257

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12 2016
Sophie Germain!!
p 2p+1 , p
Sophie Germain. .
Sophie Germain :
2 2x2+1=5 .
3 2x3+1=7 .
5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131.
Sophie Germain ,
.
Sophie Germain
1
18543637900515 2666667 - 1
200701 Apr 2012
183027 2
265440
-1
79911 Mar 2010
3 648621027630345 2
253824
-1
76424 Nov 2009
4 620366307356565 2
253824
-1
76424 Nov 2009
176311
-1
53081 Sep 2009
172403
-1
51910 Jan 2007
171960
-1
51780 May 2006
31737014565 2
140003
-1
42156 Dec 2010
14962863771 2
140001
-1
42155 Dec 2010
123458
-1
37173 Jun 2009
7068555 2121301 - 1
36523 Jan 2005
607095 2
48047305725 2
7 137211941292195 2
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
33759183 2
2540041185 2
114729
-1
34547 Jan 2003
1124044292325 2107999 - 1
32523 Dec 2006
112886032245 2
108000
-1
32523 Dec 2006
38588805195 2100002 - 1
30115 Dec 2009
100002
16
15744710163 2
-1
30114 Dec 2009
17
35909079387 2100000 - 1
30114 Dec 2009
18
18912879 298395 - 1
29628 Nov 2002
19
3364553235 288888 - 1
20
10495740081 2
83125
-1
26768 Jan 2009

25034 Feb 2006
258
29
5
12
19
26
3

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
13 2016

29
5
12
19
26
3
259

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
14 2016
(selfie per hour)
29
5
12
19
26
3
260

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
15 2016
!!!!
http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/search.php
Mathematics Genealogy Project
,

.,

9 158844 .
29
5
12
19
26
3
261

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
16 2016
()
29
5
12
19
26
3
262

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
17 2016
1083676269 !
(From Raymond F. Lausmanns Fun With Figures, 1965.)
29
5
12
19
26
3
263

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
18 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
264

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
19 2016
( Boole
) . , .
: ;
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265

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
20 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
266

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
21 2016

29
5
12
19
26
3
267

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
22 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
268

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
23 2016
Batman
29
5
12
19
26
3
269

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
24 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
270

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
25 2016
..
29
5
12
19
26
3
271

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
26 2016
=
1+2+3+...+2239277041=15834079812,
1+2+3+...+13051463048=92287780262,
1+2+3+...+76069501249=537892601752,
1+2+3+...+443365544448=3135067830242,
1+2+3+...+2584123765441=18272514379692,
1+2+3+...+15061377048200=106500018447902,
1+2+3+...+87784138523761=620727596307712,
1+2+3+...+511643454094368=3617865559398362,
1+2+3+...+2982076586042449=21086465760082452
1+2+3+...+17380816062160328=122900929001096342,
1+2+3+...+101302819786919521 =716319108246495592,
1+2+3+...+590436102659356800 =4175013720477877202,
1+2+3+...+3441313796169221281 =24333763214620767612,
1+2+3+...+20057446674355970888 =141827565567246728462,
1+2+3+...+116903366249966604049 =826631630188859603152.
29
5
12
19
26
3
272

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
27 2016

.
.
7, 11 13.
;
29
5
12
19
26
3
273

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
28 2016
29
5
12
19
26
3
274

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
29 2016

. :
29
5
12
19
26
3
275

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
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25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
30 2016
...T
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.
29
5
12
19
26
3
276

30 31 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 1
4 5 6 7 8
4
11
18
25
2
9
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Henry Ernest Dudeney (18571930)

H.Dudeney (1857-1930)
. ,
,
. .
Canterbury puzzles ( ) :

, 30 ,
12 , ,
1 ( ), ,
1
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, ;
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:
http://mathhmagic.blogspot.gr/2015/10/blog-post.html
26
3
10
17
24
31
277

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
, Sam Loyd!
O Leonard Euler,

. ; Euler
,
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Sam Loyd, 14-15
, Euler .
.
Scien-c American . Loyd
, fortran 1976
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26
3
10
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24
31
278

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
math geek Yoda.
26
3
10
17
24
31
279

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
10 2 + 112 + 12 2 + 13 2 + 14 2
365
Nikolay Bogdanov-Belsky (Counting in their heads,1895).

:
26
3
10
17
24
31
280

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
!!
26
3
10
17
24
31
281

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Gotham city
26
3
10
17
24
31
282

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Fibonacci
26
3
10
17
24
31
283

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

Indian Mathematical Society
26
3
10
17
24
31
284

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Vieta
26
3
10
17
24
31
285

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10
2016
26
3
10
17
24
31
286

27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
15
22
29
5
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9
16
23
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6
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11
2016
.
.
;
26
3
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31
287

27 28 29 30
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18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4
1
8
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29
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=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12
2016
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13
2016
- Mona liza
26
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27 28 29 30
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14
2016
26
3
10
17
24
31
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27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
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15
2016

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(18351910)
26
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16
2016
10
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

.
What's Special About This Number?
10000.
The Prime Pages .
Cool Numbers "cool" !
Wikipedia .
The On-Line Dictionary of Numbers
300,000,000
.
The Pi-Search Page .
The secret lives of numbers
, .
Integermania 4
.
MAA NumberADay
.
26
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17
2016
26
3
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27 28 29 30
4 5 6 7
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18
2016
!!!!
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19
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20
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23
2016
26
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24
2016
Gilbreath!!!!
1958,
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2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ...
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26 27 28 29 30
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25
2016
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26
2016
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26
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27
2016
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28
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29
2016
26
3
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27 28 29 30
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30
2016
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2016
death
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31
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2016
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2016
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31
7
14
21
28
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1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13
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2016
31
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1 2 3 4 5 6
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31
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1 2 3 4 5 6
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10
2016
31
7
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1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13
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11
2016
31
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1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13
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12
2016
31
7
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1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 11 12 13
15 16 17 18 19 20
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13
2016
31
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8 9 10 11 12 13
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14
2016

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15
2016
31
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16
2016
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17
2016
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18
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19
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21
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22
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31
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23
2016
31
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24
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26
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27
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29
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30
2016
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6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
28
5
12
19
26
2
342

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
(23)
1900.
,
20 . 10
(1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 19, 21 22)
, 8 . 23
, 1902
.
,
. 6
, 20
(
) '
. , 4 ,

.
,
,
. , 1966
, 1970
( , )
.
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
343

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
Gauss (1777- 1855) , 1831 :

. .
,
,
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
344

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016

O Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
.
Gauss :
1. a= mod 19 (.. 2009 mod 19=14
2009:19)
2. b= mod 4
3. c= mod 7
4. d=(19a+15) mod 30
5. f=(2b+4c+6d+6) mod 7
6. g=4+f+d
7. g<31 g (30-g) .
28
5
12
19
26
2
345

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
2016
1. . 300.000
, santa claus i.
!
2. 2 . Santa claus
, ,
15% 378
18.
3. santa claus 31
.
822,6 .
1/1000 ,
, , ,
, ,
. , santa claus
975 , 3000 .
, ,
41,1 .
4. .
Lego 0,4 Kg
321.000 santa .

,
.
, Lego 0,008 m^3 378
3 ,
.
975 ,
10
2000
., Santa claus

,

28
5
12
19
26
2
346
29
6
13
20
27
3
30
7
14
21
28
4
1
8
15
22
29
5
2
9
16
23
30
6
3
10
17
24
31
7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
10
2016
;;;
28
5
12
19
26
2
347

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
11
2016
;;;
28
5
12
19
26
2
348

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
12
2016
(1596-1650)
, ,

-
. ,
,

,

. ( ),

.

28
5
12
19
26
2
349

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
13
2016
28
5
12
19
26
2
350

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
14
2016
, . x =2
28
5
12
19
26
2
351

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
15
2016
, , ."

28
5
12
19
26
2
352

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
16
2016
28
5
12
19
26
2
353

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
17
2016
28
5
12
19
26
2
354

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
18
2016
..
6
40000 .
-
, 150
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
355

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
19
2016
Putnam!
. ,
.
.
!!
. 1950 ,
Putnam. :

1/7.

:
1. 365 366
.
2. 4 100
400( 1700,1800 1900 .)
3. 4 100 400(
1600 200 )
:
1/7
, . 365
52 1 .
(
2011 , 2012 ) .
.

.
. 400
., 400 303 97 ,
303x365+97x366= 146097 . 7,
400 146097 /7=20871 .
,
400 .
. 400
, /400
/400 1/7.
400 ,
:
58
56

58
28
29
30
1 2
3
57
5 6 7 8 9 10
57
12
13 14 15 16 17
58
19
20
21 22 23 24
56
26 27 28 29 30 31

2 3 4 5 6 7
, .
356
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
20
2016
?
..
30
10 . ,
25 30 '
5 . , 5 ,
1 2
. :
10 1 , 9 . 9
27 2 ,29 1 ;
27
2
( , 27 ), 27-2=25
. ,
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
357

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
21
2016
28
5
12
19
26
2
358

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
22
2016
28
5
12
19
26
2
359

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
23
(1596 - 1650)
.
( Les passions de l'me) , 1493, ,

,
,
,
.400 , Duncan MacDougall Haverhill
, 1907 ,
.

5 . ,
(4 ,
) , ,
. 21 .
. .. 21
..
28
5
12
19
26
2
360

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
24
Fermat !!
.., - -
( )
:
x x + 3 x2 + 3
; ,
.

Fermat:
n 2, xn+yn=zn, x, y, z
.
:
x x+3 = 3
x2 + 3 =3 .
a33. :
33 = (x + 3)(x2+3) = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 9 = (x+1)3 + 8 = (x+1)3 + 23
,()3 = (x+1)3 + 23
(), (x+1), 2
()3 = (x+1)3 + 23 , Fermat
n>2 xn + yn = zn , x,y,z .
x .
, Fermat .
28
5
12
19
26
2
361

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
25
(1700 - 1770)

1746, o ,
, ,
.
200 , 3
(
).
,
!
28
5
12
19
26
2
362

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
26
2016
!!
.
,

.
, ,
.

. ,
. ,
, : , ( + ^)^ = , . .
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
363

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
27
2016

, , ,
2 + 2 = 2, .
(, , ),
(3, 4, 5) 32 + 42 = 52. (, , ) ,
(, , ) .
,,
( ,, 1).

:
k.m :
28
5
12
19
26
2
364

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
28
2016

, ,
.
, 6 ..,
,
.
,
. : ,
. ,
. ,
, .
:
. ,
.
.
, , ,
.
Pascal .
28
5
12
19
26
2
365

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
29
2016
fibonacci
Tool , "Lateralus"
fibonacci, 9-8-7 . 987 17
.

. :
(1) Black,
(1) then,
(2) white are,
(3) all I see,
(5) in my infancy,
(8) red and yellow then came to be
,
(5) reaching out to me,
(3) lets me see.
(2) There is,
(1) so,

(1) much,
(2) more and
(3) beckons me,
(5) to look through to these,
(8) infinite possibilities.

(13) As below so above and beyond I imagine,
:
(8) drawn outside the lines of reason.
(5) Push the envelope.
(3) Watch it bend.

28 29 30 1 2
3
5 6 7 8 9 10
12 13 14 15 16 17
19 20 21 22 23 24
26 27 28 29 30 31
2 3 4 5 6 7
366
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
30
2016
, 17 ,
:
, 1/3
1/9. ;
, 17 2,
3, 9. - :
. , 17+1=18 ,
.
- 18/2 = 9
- 18/3 = 6
- 18/9 = 2
9+6+2=17 . -
.
. ,
1. 1/2+1/3+1/9=17/18 1/18
. -,
, 17/18
.

,
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
367

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8
=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
31
2016
9
Euler ( )
,
.
28
5
12
19
26
2
368

29 30 1 2
3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31
3 4 5 6 7
4
11
18
25
1
8

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=3.

(Gustave Flaubert, 12 1821 8 1880)

John Napier (15501617)

Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)

1985. Paul Erds 72 Terence Tao- Fields- 10 . Erdos

Franois douard Anatole Lucas (1842 1891)

1890: First known multimagic square (8th-order bimagic of Pfeffermann)

Tupper (Tuppers self-referential formula)

Jeffee Tupper 2001

Mathematics Teacher R. Mwajombe,

...o " Arnolfini" !!

Memorial Stolperstein at Kurt Grelling's residence Knigsberger Strae 13 in Berlin

30 2007, Alexis Lemaire 13 200-

!!! (Sofa problem)

1966, Leo Moser

(sofa Constant) Hammersley

Richard Feynman (1918-1988 )

D.R. Kaprekar (1905-1986)

arl Menger (1902-1985)

G.H.Hardy " ".

1x1 +2x2 +3x3 +4x4 +5x52=13+23+33+43+53

BEAL 100000 !!!!

Stephen king !!!!!!!

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)

Samuel Loyd (1841 1911)

(Bernhard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano, 1781-1848),

William Robertson Davies, (1913 1995)

60, Frank Armbruster

George Birkhoff "" !!!

George Birkhoff (1884-1944)

12496 (12496,14288 , 15472 ,

The Feynman point:

To Star rek , ..!!!

(Bertrand Arthur William Russell),(1872-1970)

"" (20 Steps Around the Globe)

20 Steps Around the Globe.

RANDOM.ORG, "" !!!!

Hic ego barbarus sum quia non intelligor illis.

Dr John Snow: !!!

1970, Anna Ricardo Bofill Sant Just Desvern

London's Tate "Endless Stair."

Arlene Stamp. Downsview

(Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss,

" " ,Peter Sarnac

;The on line Encyclopedia of integer sequences.

(Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, 1874-1965),

The number project , .

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac

Linus Pauling (1901-1994)

Linus Pauling (1901-1994) , (

O Dr. Frank Lee , Drexel

(Star Wars Hit Probability Equation)

Hugo Steinhaous (1887-1972)

1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1

1990, Don tatcher Leicester

200701 Apr 2012

79911 Mar 2010

76424 Nov 2009

76424 Nov 2009

53081 Sep 2009

51910 Jan 2007

51780 May 2006

42156 Dec 2010