qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 68-72

Tamar gumberiZe

miTi - maradiuli awmyo da erovnuli cnobierebis sayrdeni

konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi

Tanamedrove literaturis kvlevis principi mrvalwaxnagaa.

mecnierebisa da xelovnebis saocarma ganviTarebam da winsvlam moiTxova
araTu problemaTa, aramed mecnierebis dargTa sinTezirebac da
gansxvavebiT sabWoTa periodis literaturuli kvlevis tradiciebisagan,
Tanamedrove literaturuli msoflmxedveloba metad mravalferovania.
miTologiuri kritika, anu miTologiuri kvlevis sistema romelic ukve
qarTvelma mkvlevarebma s. siguam, a. baqraZem da sxvebma Seqmnes,
winapirobaa miTologiuri kritikis qarTul-literaturul sivrceze
morgebisa da gavrcelebisa. is imdenad sainteresoa, ramdenadac TavisTavad
am sistemas qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis sivrceSi gavyavarT.
miTosSi aisaxeboda sulis warmoSoba da evolucia, adamianuri
cnobierebis evolucia dedamiwaze da sikvdilis Semdeg.
miTosi Seicavs dafarul sazriss, fantastikuri saxeebisa da
warmodgenebis miRma arsebuls.
`rogorc ar unda iyos, adamianis cnobiereba erTsa da imave dros
sami ganzomilebisaken aris mimarTuli: igi cxovrobs da uSualod aRiqvams
awmyos, magram misi yvela mizani da idea momavalSi aris ganxorcielebadi,
romlis asagebad, arqiteqtonikis gadmosaRebad is mimarTavs warsuls.
adamiani `ver eteva SemosazRvrul droSi. momavali misTvis principulad
Riaa, amitom `siviwrovis" gancdis gamo drois sazRvris gadalaxvis
intencia masSi warsulisken miimarTeba" (dalaqiSvili, 2001, gv. 51).
amdenad, adamians warsuli momavlisaTvis Wirdeba, magram sad aris aq
awmyos adgili? am sameulSi awmyo dominantobs, raki igi mudam aris,
warsuliviT arc `gamoxmoba" Wirdeba da arc momavaliviT `gadatyorcna".
swored amitom, adamianis yofierebis am gzaze erTaderT dabrkolebad
awmyo gvevlineba. igi adamians mudmivad TiSavs, erTis mxriv, momavlisagan,
da, warsulisaganac - meores mxriv. magram swored awmyos akisria
`centris" funqcia, mxolod mas SeuZlia gaawonasworos da moawesrigos
Tavis irgvliv yofierebis is forma, romelSic adamiani mkvidrobs. amitom,
maSin rodesac warsuli agebs momavals, awmyo erTsa da imave dros
warsulad da momavlad gvevlineba, xolo am konteqstSi adamianuri
arseboba aris `maradiuli ganmeorebadoba", romelic `miTis maradiuli
kvlavdabrunebis" (m. eliade) pirdapirproporciulia. haidegeris sityviT,
`munyofiereba `aris" misi warsuli Tavisi yofierebis saxiT, rac, uxeSad
rom vTqvaT, mudam misi momavlidan `xdeba" (haidegeri, 1989, gv. 4).
amdenad, adamiani, romelic cxovrobs awmyoSi, mimarTavs warsuls,
rom gadaswvdes momavals. am gzaze miTis, ritualisa da magiis roli
unikaluria. maTi saSualebiT, pirvelmovlenebi, pirvelarsebebi,
pirvelsagnebi kvlavdakvlav cocxldebian awmyoSi da momavalSi, rasac
eliadem `miTis maradiuli kvlavdabruneba" uwoda. levi-strosi saubrobs
`aracnobier struqturaze", romelic Zevs TiToeuli tradiciis,
wesCveulebisa Tu socialuri wyobis safuZvelSi (levi-strosi, 2001, gv.
31). `aracnobieri struqturidan" momdinare saxe-simboloebi, romlebic
iungisaTvis `arqetipebi" an `pirvelyofili saxeebia", gvevlinebian
tendenciebad `motivebis aseTi warmosaxvebis warmosaqmnelad. warmosaxvebi,
romlebic SesaZloa, meryeobdnen detalebSi, magram amasTanave, ar
kargavdnen TavianT bazisur sqemas" (iungi, 1991, gv. 65). miTiuri warsuli
gvevlineba ara mxolod `paradigmul" moTxrobad, aramed, igi aris
rogorc pirvelsaxeTa saRmrTo sacavi, aseve sacavi magiuri da sulieri
Zalebisa, romlebic ritualebisa da miTiuri epoqis mokvlevaTa
inscenirebis daxmarebiT, sadac Sesaqmis recitaciebia CarTuli
ganagrZnoben wesrigis mxardaWeras" (meletinski, 1976, gv. 174). (x.
TavdgiriZe, qarTuli folklori, 4(XX), 2008, gv. 17).
k. gamsaxurdias romanebSi mTebiT, zRaprebiT, legendebiT iqmneba
iseTi simbolo-alegoriebi, romelTa axsna-gaSifvra saSinel sinamdviles
gardauvlad warmogvidgens, magram yovelive amis fonze ikiTxeba isic, rom
bunebaSi araferi ikargeba, adamianis sulis mTlianobis miTi, misi
Zlevamosilebis legenda, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi axal nayofs gamoiRebs da
saqarTvelos momavalic saTanado speqtriT warmoCndeba.
warsulis rwmenasa da miTSia Cadebuli kodi Cveni momavlisa da
rogorc nabuqodonosoris sizmari, ise unda gaiSifros yvela legenda
gardasuli epoqebisa, romelic udaod mogvcems garkveul miniSnebas
momavalze, gamokveTs da srulyofs Cvens erovnul cnobierebas, Cvens
erovnul poziciebs sxva erTa Soris.
`rac ufro Rrmad CavxedaT eris fsiqikas, istorias, xasiaTs - miT
ufro Seimecneba zogadi, ramdenadac sakacobrio motivebi sawyisi
wertilis usasrulo, sferuli gavrcobaa. SigniTken Cveuli swrafviT
iZieba uZvelesi modeli, pirvelsawyisi, arqetipis - wers soso sigua da
saocrad STambeWdavad gamosaxavs konstantine gamsaxurdias gmirebis
arqetipebs: savarsamiZe - wm. konstantine; TaraSi - eramxuti; daviTi -
bagrat IV; mariami - gorgona; arsakiZe - iakobi; Tamari - RvTismSobeli;
dedisimedi - afrodite; gvanca - artemida; giorgi II - baxusi; vaxtangi -
kimoTe da a.S. es aris mimsgavsebis da gaigivebis survili. arsi ucvlelia,
magram dro cvalebadi. amitom, gmiri ver egueba Tavis epoqas. yvela
zedapiridan centrisaken Cabrunebuli sxivi erT wertilSi erTdeba."
savarsamiZe bavSvobidanve etrfis argveTis mTavar wm. konstantines,
cdilobs Tavis Soreul winapars daemsgavsos.
mTeli sicocxle `wm. konstantines gmirobasa da martvilobas
umiznebda". es uSiSari da farSubiani raindi mudam win miuZRoda.
savarsamiZes sul hgonia, rom moelis misi sexniasebr `gmiruli aRsasruli".
TaraSis cxovrebis gzas gansazRvravs misi sulieri arqetipi - eramxut
emxvari, rusT xelmwifis moZule, masTan brZolis msxverpli.
 `amirani Zveli saqarTvelos mudmivi tanjvis, WirTa Tmenisa da
brZolis xatia, TaraSis sulis simi Soreulad mas uerTdeba, radgan misi
arseba STanTqmulia warsulis mier. eramxutis saxiT igi istoriul
saqarTvelos etrfis; rogorc gardasul saukuneTa Svili, msgavsebas
poulobs amiranTan. amirani xom qristesTan WidilSi damarcxda. TaraSic
axalma ideologiam gaanadgura."
daviTis arqetipad bagrat IV gvevlineba, romelmac mTeli sicocxle
saqarTvelos gareSe da Sinaur mtrebTan brZolas Sealia. daviTisaTvis
bagratis saxeli aerTianebs mSobliurobis gancdasa da erovnul idealebs,
maTi sulieri msgavseba Tavidanvea miniSnebuli - wers soso sigua.
konstantines gmirebi TavianT sulier arqetipebs uaxlovdebian
sikvdiliT gadadian awmyodan warsulSi, raTa momavalSi gacxaddnen.
engurSi ixrCoba TaraS emxvari. iRupebian Tamar SarvaSiZe, lukaia
labaxua, kac zvambaia da sxvani (`mTvaris motaceba").
`daviT aRmaSenebeli" mTavrdeba ukanaskneli omiT - daviTis
gardacvalebiT. am wuTisofels toveben giorgi Wyondideli, gvanca, mariam
dedofali, Saman erisTavi da sxvani.
kvdebian vaxtang korinTeli, susqia mindeli, abria ujirauli (`vazis
yvaviloba"), konstantine arsakiZe, Sorena, giorgi I (`didostatis
marjvena").
marTalia, aRwerili ar aris konstantine savarsamiZis (`dionisos
Rimili") xorcieli sikvdili, magram romani sruldeba sityvebiT:
`aRarc sicili SemiZlia, aRarc tirili...
da erTaderTi natvraa Cemi: yinulze davardnil naperwkaliviT gadnes
Tundac Cemi sxeuli.
taia Selia!
Cemi cxovrebis naxevargzaze SemomaRamda"!
konstantine gamsaxurdia sikvdilSi sicocxlis erTgvar gagrZelebas
xedavs.
akaki baqraZe miiCnevs, rom aq `sikvdili gagebulia, rogorc dedis
wiaRSi dabruneba. dedis wiaRSi dabruneba ki, Tavis mxriv, RmerTis wiaRSi
dabrunebis nairsaxeobaa". agreTve, mkvlevari k. gamsaxurdias romanebSi
sikvdils iazrebs rogorc satanis nebis gamovlenas (`satana" Zveleburad
`mowinaaRmdeges" niSnavs. farTo mniSvnelobiT `antiRmerTis" Sinaarsi
aqvs).
riT SeiZleba adamiani win aRudges mas? mxolod RvawliT,
saqmianobiT, qmedebiT".
marTlac, samyaroSi araferi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos satanis nebis
gamovlenad, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom boroteba SezRudulia. mas aqvs
Tavisufali moqmedebis ufleba. es ufleba ki uflisganaa miniWebuli. misi
arsebobac RmerTis mieraa daSvebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, satanis neba ar
arsebobs, radganac misi neba Semoqmedisganaa gansazRvruli sabolood. misi
neba mxolod droebiTia. borotis udidesi survilia agreTve adamianis
sulieri sikvdili, rasac unda daupirispirde dauRalavi qmedebiT `qmnide,
niSnavs mokla sikvdili" - esaa satanis damarcxebis erTaderTi da
Sedegiani gza.
konstantine gamsaxurdias gmirebi miTosur fesvebze arian
amozrdilni, isini warsulidan momavalni da warsulSi mimavalni momavlis
mgzavrebi arian. am warsulSi ikiTxeba Cveni erovnuli Strixebi, is
sawesCveulebo ritualebi, Tu sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTa mravalferovni
speqtri, romelic konstantine gamsaxurdias personaJTa uxv galereaSi
dominirebs, qarTvelTa erovnuli saxis mxatvruli asaxvaa, romelic
aRrmavebs da afarToebs Cvens erovnul xedvas, gvinarCunebs Tavisuflebis
Ziebis wyurvils.
adamiani nebismier saukuneSi adamis nawilia, misi STamomavalia amitom
yoveli maTgani Tavis TavSi atarebs pirvelqmnilobas da zogjer
cxovrebisagan daRlili miTiur samyaroSi poulobs navsayudels.
aqedan gamomdinare miTi ar aris warsuli, aramed maradiuli awmyoa,
romelic iarsebebs manam, sanam adamis modgma ar Sewyvets sicocxles.
yovel epoqas sakuTari reJisori hyavs, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi ar
iTvaliswinebs warsuls, niWs, rwmenas, rac TiToeulis ganuyrel nawils
warmoadgens. amis Semdeg ki isedac ferSecvlili adamiani kidev ufro
xundeba da saerTo fons uerTdeba, romlis daniSnuleba mxolod
simZlavris gamomuSavebaa erTaderTi `nacrisferi" miznisTvis, rasac
civilizacia hqvia da rac adamianis suls auferulebs da anadgurebs.
`miToss moklebuli dro unda daZleuli iqnes."
rogorc dedamiwa, kosmiuri kanonzomierebis Sesabamisad moZraobs
Tavisi RerZis garSemo da amiTaa ganpirobebuli Cveni maradiuli yofna,
amiT gvaqvs imedi maradiuli awmyosa da momavlisa, aseve kacobriobis suli
da azrovneba erovnuli azrovnebis RerZis irgvliv ganfenili maradiuli
awmyoa, maradiuli rwmena da arqetipuli mxatvruli warmosaxvaa, romelic
kacobriuli cxovrebis xis aRmocenebis, zrdisa da nayofis dasxmis rTul
da mravalplanian process erTi aspeqtiT warmogvidgens.
erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli warmosaxva gamsaxurdiasaTvis
mxolod nawarmoebTa mxatvruli speqtris Seqmna ar iyo. misTvis umTavresi
iyo problema - rogor gadavarCinoT qarTveloba qarTvelSi? sad
moviZioT dakarguli fesvebi? - konstantine gamsaxurdiam erovnuli
cnobiereba miTologiuri mxatvruli sistemiT warmosaxa. warsulSic
mravalgzis eZia da miTologiiT gaaxmovana qarTuli genis gamoZaxili.

damowmebuli literatura

a. baqraZe, miTi mTvaris motacebaSi, mnaTobi #12, 1967.

a. baqraZe, dionises TviTmkvleloba, mnaTobi #12, 1968.
a. baqraZe, warmavlobis maradJamulad qceva, skola da cxovreba, 1983.
z. gamsaxurdia, "vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba", Tb., 1991.
l. dalaqiSvili, istoriuloba da miTis maradiuli kvlavdabruneba,
kreb. "ena da literatura", 2, Tb., 2001.
 x. TavdgiriZe, "sawyisTan dabrunebis" qarTuli kosmogoniuri miTo-
ritualuri modelebi, kreb. qarTuli folklori, 4 (XX), 2008.
s. sigua, konstantine gamsaxurdias prozis struqtura, Tb., 1997.

TAMAR GUMBERIDZE

MYTH-ETERNAL PRESENT AND NATIONAL

CONSCIOUSNESS IN KONSTANTINE
GAMSAXURDIA'S CREATION

Mythos features the origin of soul and her evolution, the evolution of the human life on
earth and after death.
Human being is a part of Adam, his offspring. That is why each and every human
being bears the mark of first-creation within oneself and sometimes, when tired of life
finds its habour in the realm of mythos.
From this standpoint myth is not the past, as the spirit and mind of the humankind is
the eternal present around the axle of the mythos’ thought.
Mythic structure is in itself the basis of national consciousness and national thinking.