Nicole Zanickrowsky, Laura Roa, Ariana Guilford, Stephanie Shepherd and Megan Hancock

Abuse Group
Annotated Bibliography
Acierno, R., Hernandez, M. A., Amstadter, A. B., Resnick, H. S., Steve, K., Muzzy, W., &
Kilpatrick, D. G. (2010). Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional, Physical, Sexual, and
Financial Abuse and Potential Neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment
Study. American Journal Of Public Health, 100(2), 292-297. (Nicole Zanickrowsky.)
The article conducted a study comparing the type of elder abuse to the victims age,
gender, race, income, health and social support. This information will be used in the
workshop to discuss who is a target for elder abuse and how those targets can prevent
abuse. For example, research found elders with low social support were at high risk for
elder abuse. In order to help reduce elder abuse more social programs can be put into
place.
Agnew, R., & Huguley, S. (1989). Adolescent violence toward parents . Journal of Marriage and
Family ,51(3), 699-711. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/352169. (Laura Roa.)
There are many different types of family violence, one type that isnt talked about is
adolescent to parent abuse. This article tries to make a connection between adolescents
who abuse their parents are more likely to have friends who do the same to their parents
and other types of negative behaviors. By doing this experiment the author also wants to
see how social and demographic information correlates with parent assault. This article
explains and brings together different factors for parental abuse such as, gender, family
structure and size of adolescent. According to the National survey of Youth indicates
that 11.7% of all adolescents have at least once in the last three years. This study focuses
on producing more information for this type of abuse.
Banks to Aid Elderly Veterans with Crime Prevention. (2009). Teller Vision, (1388), 6. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
The American Bankers Association, the Independent Community Bankers Association, the
Senior Housing Crime Prevention Foundation, the Armed Forces Veterans Homes
Foundation, and the National Association of State Veterans Homes have come together to
create the Senior Crimestoppers program. The program protects 40,000 veterans living in
long-term care from financial abuse by helping the veterans track their finances, giving
them specially designed personal lock box to keep possessions safe and more. This will
be mentioned in the workshop when recommendations for how to protect yourself from
financial abuse is discussed.
Brezina, T. (1999). Teenage violence toward parents as an adaptation to family strain: Evidence
from a national survey of male adolescents. Youth Society ,30(4), doi:
10.1177/0044118X99030004002. (Laura Roa.)
This article is based on the idea that adolescents who abuse their parents do this because
of negative feelings of how they are being treated by the family members. In this journal
the author conducts an experiment where they survey male adolescent to test the idea of
family strain. The authors test how aggressive the parent is towards the child and how
these negative situations later on cause the child to act against the parent. The study
discusses the strain theory and the social learning theory. This study tries to see both the
child and parent aggression to see the correlation between both. Once again, this author
tries to conduct this study to produce more information on this type of abuse.

Briere, J., & Elliott, D. M. (2003). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported
childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child
abuse & neglect. 27(10), 1205-1222. (Ariana Guilford.)
Physical and sexual abuse have a wide array of psychological sequelae ranging from
anxiety, low self-esteem, anger, sexual difficulties, self-destructive behavior, posttraumatic stress, etc. This study looked at the mediators and the elements associated with
these relationships and the general population as opposed to the university or clinic
sample. Results suggested self-reported of sexual or physical child abuse was common
among the general population. Sexual abuse as a child made individuals more prone to
psychological affects, as well as, physical abuse-but to a much lesser extent than sexual
abuse. I think this wouldnt be as useful for the workshop because it sort of reiterated
what was mentioned in the other articles, just solidifying it in general population terms.
Bobic, N. (2004). Adolescent violence towards parents *.Australian Domestic & Family
Violence Clearinghouse, 1-15. Retrieved from http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/pdf
files/adolescent_violence.pdf (Laura Roa.)
This article focuses on Australian and international research about adolescent to parent
abuse. It brings up the important question regarding until what point parents should
protect their children and when do they need to seek for external help. This article also
defines parental abuse by children and lists the different types including physical,
psychological, emotional and financial abuse. It includes excerpts from a mother who
took her son to court and many other kinds of facts that support and bring light to this
type of domestic abuse. The author also goes into theoretical explanations and the links
between adolescent violence and other types of violence. It ends by discussing how to
intervene and what kinds of things to do when facing this type of abuse.
Buchanan, F., Power, C., & Verity, F. (2013). Domestic Violence and the Place of Fear in
Mother/Baby Relationships: What Was I Afraid Of ? Of Making It Worse.. Journal Of
Interpersonal Violence, 28(9), 1817-1838. doi:10.1177/0886260512469108.(Stephanie
Shepherd.)
This article looks at the issue of fear instilled in mothers and their children when
domestic violence is a part of their family life. The discussions focus on the attachment
styles formed in the childs life versus children who do not witness any violence, and the
motivation the fear experienced by both provides for the mother to be overly protective of
her child. In the workshop the attachment styles and differences will be discussed for
families that are victims.
Button, D., & Gealt, R. (2010). High Risk Behaviors Among Victims of Sibling Violence.
Journal Of Family Violence, 25(2), 131-140. doi:10.1007/s10896-009-9276-x (Megan Hancock.)
This article looked at younger siblings and how they are more likely to engage in violence
than older siblings. Like other forms of abuse, sibling violence is categorized in three
ways: psychological, sexual, and physical. In a study looking at peer and sibling
aggression, Duncan (1999) found that nearly 30% of the 336 middle school students
surveyed reported that they were frequently bullied by their siblings. This can be used in
our workshop if its focused on an informational session for younger kids or even the
parents that have children that are older and then a lot younger.

Catalano, L. A., & Lazaro, C. (2010). Financial abuse of elderly investors: Protecting the
vulnerable. Journal Of Securities Law, Regulation & Compliance, 3(1), 5-23. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
Catalano and Lazaro discuss the federal protections put in place to help protect the
elderly from financial abuse. Then they discuss the regulatory disciplinary actions that
come into play when the protections are broken. These protections and disciplinary
actions will be discussed during the workshop to inform guests of their rights and what
can be done when someone violates those rights.
Chanmugam, A. (2014). Social Work Expertise and Domestic Violence Fatality Review Teams.
Social Work, 59(1), 73-80. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
The article focuses on the prevalence of domestic violence in the United States, and the
number of associated fatalities. It explores the preventative measures that can be taken
socially within communities, and the foremost causes of deaths specifically relating to
domestic violence within marriages.
Chengappa, K., Stokes, J. O., Costello, A. H., Norman, M. A., Travers, R. M., & McNeil, C. B.
(2013). PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY FOR SEVERE SIBLING CONFLICT IN
YOUNG CHILDREN. Journal Of Communications Research, 5(1), 31-47. (Megan Hancock.)
This article talks a lot about the therapy part, which I dont think well use. But it has
some good information in it. Most sibling conflict is normal, but prolonged aggressive
sibling conflict has been related to behavior problems, which may escalate into sibling
abuse. Siblings play an important role in each others social development. Reducing
sibling conflict techniques include timeouts, reinforcement about inhibiting aggression
and social skills training. In 2005 examined a nationally representative sample of more
than 2000 children and adolescents and found that 29% of the sample had been victims of
assault by a sibling and only 16% experienced assault by a non-sibling peer. Been related
to low self-esteem, high rates of anxiety and depression and negative emotional
outcomes.
Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2013). What is Child Abuse and Neglect? Recognizing the
Signs and Symptoms. Factsheets. Retrieved from
https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/whatiscan.pdf (Ariana Guilford.)
The material presented on this fact sheet specified the many kinds of abuses that fall
under child abuse such as physical, neglect, emotional, substance, etc. Then it also
provided information on the signs and symptoms of the child or parent/other adult
caregiver for each subgroup of child abuse. I think this will be slightly important for our
workshop because knowing all the territories of child abuse will help us expand our
audiences knowledge and allow them to not be limited to just the perceptions of child
abuse; additionally we are able to inform them of symptoms each group experiences.
Colman, R. A., & Widom, C. S. (2004). Childhood abuse and neglect and adult intimate
relationships: A prospective study. Child abuse & neglect. 28(11), 1133-1151. (Ariana
Guilford.)
This article looked at the tendency to be in intimate relationships and overall quality and
involvement of relationship differs in adults who were maltreated as children and those
who werent. They look if prior research can be applied to other forms of abuse-and not
just sexual-and men-and not just females. Family background was also considered as a
factor when it came to the effects on the adult relationship. Overall, there wasnt a
distinct and significant variation on the impact of childhood maltreatment and adult

intimate relationship. This article will actually be a great asset to us because its findings
were very specific in terms of adult intimate relationships with family background and
child abuse experience.
Cottrell , B., & Monk, P. (2004). Adolescent-to-parent abuse: A qualitative overview of common
themes.Journal of Family Issues , 25(8), doi: DOI: 10.1177/0192513X03261330. (Laura Roa.)
The purpose for this article is to produce quantitative data on adolescent to parent abuse.
Seeing as how there is limited information on this type of abuse, the information for the
experiment was collected by individual interviews and focus groups. Studies suggest that
9% to 14% of parents are at some point physically assaulted by the adolescent. The
highest rate of assaults happens in single-mother homes. When the author uses the term
youth or adolescent the age range is between 10 and 18 years old. In this study, parental
abuse is defined as, Any actions by adolescents that are intended to cause financial,
psychological, or physical harm to parents and/or stepparents. Throughout the study it
also analyzes different characteristics of adolescents who victimize parents.
Crouch, J. L. Behl, L. E. (2001). Relationships among parental beliefs in corporal punishment,
reported stress, and physical child abuse potential. Child Abuse & Neglect. 25(3), 413-419.
(Ariana Guilford.)
This study looked at the relationships between high stress levels and parental beliefs
considering the value of corporal punishment and how it affects the potential of child
abuse. It involved the general population (not necessarily at-risk or not at-risk) parents
and at-risk parents, who were referred by their treatment groups. Findings suggested level
of stress related to parenting was significantly associated with physical child abuse
potential and the belief of corporal punishment moderates the relationships. I dont think
this would a necessary article for our workshop; however, it gives great insight on factors
that might influence child abuse.
Eckstein, N. J. (2004). Emergent Issues in Families Experiencing Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse.
Western Journal Of Communication,68(4), 365-388. (Laura Roa.)
This study tries to understand adolescent to parent abuse through the victims experience.
The author tries to connect the underlying causes of this type of abuse through the reports
of the victims. The study included 20 face-to-face interviews with different parents
suffering from this type of abusive relationship, they recount being abused verbally,
physically and emotionally. From the observations the author is able to tell why the
family structure isn't functional and why these types of behaviors happen.
Elliot , G., Cunningham, S., Colangelo, M., & Gelles, R. (2011). Perceived mattering to the
family and physical violence within the family by adolescents. Journal of Family Issues , 32(8),
doi: 10.1177/0192513X11398932. (Laura Roa.)
This study takes a sample of 2,004 adolescents to test the idea that adolescents with low
self-esteem and have thoughts that their families dont care about them are at higher risk
of abusing their parents. In this study, the author states the females are more aggressive
than males and that Hispanics are less likely to commit this type of abuse than whites.
The author uses the work mattering, which is defined as, the perception that, to some
degree and in any of a variety of ways, we are a significant part of the world around us.
This study also researches into what characteristics adolescents are common in
adolescents who abuse their parents. This study pays close attention to the concept of self
in a family structure and how this plays a role in abuse.

Emery, R. E., & Laumann-Billings, L. (1998). An overview of the nature, causes, and
consequences of abusive family relationships: Toward differentiating maltreatment and violence.
American Psychologist. 53(2), 121-135. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.121 (Ariana Guilford.)
This article focused on the inattention family violence has been experiencing
specifically child and spousal abuseas well as, the overreaching efforts in trying to
define it. It suggests looking at family abuse on different levels-first, family maltreatment
(moderate physical or sexual harm), and family violence (serious physical injury,
profound psychological trauma and/or sexual violation. As a result of not clearly defining
family abuse, there has been over reporting, not necessarily because there has been an
increase in child abuse but because there is a discrepancy in the reporting process along
with the popular perception of what is abuse-which doesnt cover all aspects of abuse.
Our workshop will benefit from this because we can use this to emphasize the importance
of understanding and having a true and real idea of family abuse (in this case child
abuse).
Eriksen, S., & Jensen, V. (2006). All in the Family? Family Environment Factors in Sibling
Violence. Journal Of Family Violence, 21(8), 497-507. doi:10.1007/s10896-006-9048-9 (Megan
Hancock.)
This article talks about sibling violence and why its so understudied. People look at
sibling violence and see that hitting each other is so common that they dont deem the
act as deviant. Studies suggest that sibling violence takes place within a broader context
of family violence and disorganization which normalizes aggression among children.
Two theories- social learning and family systems theory suggest that children learn how
to behave from the actions they see their parents take and that any particular relationship
dyad in a family reflects the general tempo and tone of the family constellation as a
whole. This article brings up two theories that could be presented in the session and help
give the parents of the session a better idea of how their behavior reflects their childrens
behavior.
Evekink, S. (2013). Youth to parent violence: A more complex form of family violence?.
(Unpublished master's thesis, University of Oxford , London, England )Retrieved from
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2256070&download=yes (Laura Roa.)
Many time adolescent abuse towards their parents is overlooked because as a regular way
of behavior of a typical adolescent. This journal describes that parents believe that it is
normal to have adolescents rebel during this time, there is a grey area when it comes to
adolescent behavior throughout this period in their lives. The paper is divided into several
sections that touch upon different subtopics including: Whether the child is a victim or a
victimizer, the definition of parent abuse, and also focuses on the criminal justice issues.
This article stands out in the way that it questions why child abuse is not further studied
and why justice systems should be in place to help out parents in these situations.
Gil, D. (2006). Sibling Abuse in Nature and Culture. Contemporary Justice Review, 9(3), 283285. doi:10.1080/10282580600827967 (Megan Hancock.)
This article was research on the violence within siblings and how it is a counterviolence which is done by individuals who react to continuous frustration of their basic
existential needs and whose constructive developmental energies are blocked and
transformed into destructive behaviors. Acts of such counter-violence are often not aimed
against the actual sources of frustration but tend to be expressed against a convenient
substitute target (a younger sibling). In our workshop this research will be used to

demonstrate how sibling violence is usually not because the siblings are mad at each
other but mad at something else and how its convenient to take it out on a sibling.
Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Cutler, S. E. (1994). The Brother-Sister Questionnaire: Psychometric
assessment and discrimination of well-functioning from dysfunctional relationships. Journal Of
Family Psychology, 8(2), 224-238. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.8.2.224 (Megan Hancock.)
This article brought up four distinct qualities in sibling relationships as well as what the
research differentiated between sibling relationships. They had 202 college students fill
out a questionnaire and the results found the four qualities very prevalent. (a) high
sibling-conflict victims, (b) high sibling-conflict perpetrators, (c) those with reciprocal
conflict, and (d) those with low levels of conflict. The BSQ test (the questionnaire)
differentiated between the comparisons of three distinguished relationship types between
siblings through measurements of empathy, boundary maintenance, similarity, and
coercion. This article could really help us in the workshop by emphasizing that there are
multiple different relationships that siblings can have and that some are healthy and some
are not and could lead to severe problems. By focusing on those relationships it could be
helpful for the workshop to leave with an understanding that no relationship is perfect but
sibling abuse isnt normal and it can be prevented.
Halket, M., Gormley, K., Mello, N., Rosenthal, L., & Mirkin, M. (2014). Stay With or Leave the
Abuser? The Effects of Domestic Violence Victim's Decision on Attributions Made by Young
Adults. Journal Of Family Violence, 29(1), 35-49. doi:10.1007/s10896-013-9555-4. (Stephanie
Shepherd.)
The article explores the attributions made with abused women that are contingent upon
whether they stay or leave their violent husbands. It also researches if negative
attributions decrease depending on whether victims receive information about the
prevalence of domestic violence and the risks involved with leaving their abuser. Results
of two studies are discussed and conclude that more positive attributions are made about
the womans personality and parenting abilities if she leaves the abusive relationship.
Hardy, M., Beers, B., Burgess, C., & Taylor, A. (2010). Personal Experience and Perceived
Acceptability of Sibling Aggression. Journal Of Family Violence, 25(1), 65-71.
doi:10.1007/s10896-009-9270-3 (Megan Hancock.)
Article was about a study done how participants read a scenario about sibling aggression
and then rated the perceived acceptability of it. The results supported the hypothesis
about how men were more accepting of sibling aggression, and that being a perpetrator of
sibling aggression was associated with increased perceived acceptability of such
behavior, especially for women. For men, being the victim of sibling violence was also
associated with higher rates of perceived acceptability. Most all kinds of abuse are illegal
or is called bullying (adult vs. adult, adult vs. child, child vs. child non-related) but when
a child hits another child its called rivalry and considered by most to be normal part of
growing up. Survey of more than 2000 children and ages 2-17 found that about 30% of
children had been physically assaulted by a sibling compared to 7% assaulted by peers.
We plan to emphasize in our workshop how common sibling abuse is as well as point out
how sibling abuse is perceived as normal and how any other kind of abuse is considered
illegal or ethically/morally wrong.

Harris, G. (2006). Domestic violence and abuse: elder abuse. Practice Nurse, 31(8), 59-63.
( Nicole Zanickrowsky.)
The article defines elder abuse, explains how unfortunately common it is and the risk
factors associated with it. Most importantly the article creates theories of why elder
abuse happens. The main cause listed is stress saying the elderly can be hard to take care
of and people may take their aggression out by physically abusing the elder. In addition,
people who have abused elders have had a history of mental health problems and have
abused alcohol and drugs. This article will be used in the workshop when discussing why
people abuse one another.
Harter, S., Alexander, P. C., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1988). Long-term effects of incestuous child
abuse in college women: Social adjustment, social cognition, and family characteristics. Journal
of consulting and clinical psychology. 56(1), 5. (Ariana Guilford.)
This article associates the social cognition and adjustment with child abuse. Since a
childs development is affected by the familial constructs and the commonality among
their social environment. There was an obvious difference between incestuously abused
and non-abused individuals regarding social isolation, adjustment, and familial structure.
The abused had lower ratings for social adjustment, had no commonality with their
significant other, and had low cohesion among their family. As of now, it may have
moderate significance. It depicts the relation child abuse has on individuals socially.
Helmle, J., & Giles, H. (2008). Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Communication
Framework. Conference Papers -- National Communication Association, 1. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
The article discusses trends in elder abuse regarding frequency, who the victims are, who
the perpetrators are, who is most likely to report abuse and analyzes the five different
types of elder abuse. In addition, the article discusses the different ways elder abuse is
judged in different states. This information will be used at the beginning of the elder
abuse section to introduce the topic and give background knowledge on the key aspects.
Hickey, T., & Douglass, R. L. (1981). Mistreatment of the Elderly in the Domestic Setting: An
Exploratory Study. American Journal Of Public Health, 71(5), 500-507. (Nicole Zanickrowsky.)
Hickey and Douglass interviewed professionals that deal with the elderly. The
researchers found domestic mistreatment of the elderly was familiar to most of the people
interviewed, and 60% dealt with cases on a weekly basis. Both intentional mistreatment
and unintentional abuse, such as isolation, were examined. The research found the top
three causes to domestic neglect and abuse are the caretakers inability, victims
loneliness and older adult as participating cause.
Hoffman, K. L., & Edwards, J. N. (2004). An Integrated Theoretical Model of Sibling Violence
and Abuse. Journal Of Family Violence,19(3), 185-200. (Megan Hancock.)
This article takes three theories: social learning, conflict, and feminist theories, as well as
findings and research done by multiple psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists; and
combines them to make a model about sibling abuse. The model looks at the
interdependence of several types of negative interactions among parents and children, as
well between spouses and siblings. In regards to the social learning theory, experiencing
and witnessing verbal conflict, violence, and abuse by significant others is predicted to be
the cause of negative sibling behavior. In results with the conflict theory, the shared
values that siblings have as well labor(chores) may result in differing interests sometimes
which can lead to verbal conflict, violence, and abuse. The feminist theory, the traditional

gender roles and patriarchal beliefs as well as the attitudes that support the use of
violence were predicted to increase negative interactions. Cultural norms, structural
arrangements in families and society, divergent interesting among siblings, and parents
tolerance of the sibling violence all create an environment that reinforces or deems
acceptable for abusive sibling behavior. We could use this information in our workshop to
bring up all of the different reasons why sibling abuse happens and what they fight about.
This could be very eye opening to parents and maybe even change the rules they set for
their children.
Holt, A. (2013). Adolescent-to-parent abuse current understandings in research, policy and
practice. (pp. 1-14). Bristol, United Kingdom : The Policy Press. Retrieved from
http://www.policypress.co.uk/PDFs/General/Holt-introduction.pdf (Laura Roa.)
The author for this book is the most recent publication about this type of abuse. The book
contains current research, policy and practice. Adolescent to parent abuse is a type of
domestic abuse that hasnt been fully explored. The author talks about this type of abuse,
she defines it, and discusses the different types. The authors also mentions the problems
researchers face when researching this specific type of abuse. One reason for this book is
that the author wanted to put together all the research to observe commonalities between
all the different research information gathered throughout time. This book stresses the
importance of how this type of abuse is affecting families around the world and no policy
is being created to help these parents in their situation.
Hong, J., Kral, M., Espelage, D., & Allen-Meares, P. (2012). The Social Ecology of AdolescentInitiated Parent Abuse: A Review of the Literature. Child Psychiatry & Human Development,
43(3), 431-454. doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0273-y. (Laura Roa.)
This article examines the different parts that affect or trigger adolescent to parent abuse.
The author reviews research on gender, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. While
also analyzing micro which include maltreatment, domestic violence, macro, gender and
role, exo which is the influence of mass media and lastly, meso levels which are peer
influenced. The results indicate that mothers are more likely to be abused than fathers,
white adolescents tend to be the ones that abuse. The author was able to better understand
the framework of adolescents who abuse their parents when putting together all these
factors.
Ibabe, I., & Jaureguizar, J. (2010). Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and
their families. Journal Of Criminal Justice,38(4), 616-624. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.034.
(Laura Roa.)
This article focuses on parent abuse, the base of this study is to understand the family
characteristics of adolescents who verbally or physically abuse their parents and the
psychological part of this type of abuse. Part of the study is the experiment where the
authors analyzed 103 cases of male adolescents who abused their parents. They found
certain characteristics that related to this type of behavior. They analyzed behaviors such
as; criminal behavior, school difficulties, gender, and psychological profile.
Jacob, C. J. (2013). Domestic Violence and Couples Counseling: The Importance of Assessment
and Understanding Typologies in Treatment. Journal Of Family Psychotherapy, 24(4),
286-295. doi:10.1080/08975353.2013.849553. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
This article focuses on the research conducted on the various treatment options for
marital couples that are abusive. It distinguishes the various typologies seen in couples
counseling, and addresses when it is appropriate to seek help and when it is not. This can

be used in our workshop when we provide options for how to help domestic violence
cases, and we will be able to distinguish when it is necessary to get counselling and relay
that information to other people.
Johnson, H. (2012). Protecting the Most Vulnerable From Abuse. ASHA Leader. 17(14), 16-19.
(Ariana Guilford.)
Johnson goes to further explain child abuse is prevalent and is gaining some awareness
among our society; however, there is a discrepancy when studying or researching this
issue, and that is children with disabilities. Children with disabilities are at higher risks to
experience abuse and, unfortunately, there has been a lack of research done on this
category of children. It later goes in more detail on the fact that the presence of a
disability can affect the severity, duration, and impact of abuse. We could use this to
narrow our child abuse subtopic and directly discuss child abuse and disability. I think it
is very interesting, it something not commonly thought of when thinking of child abuse,
and we could give people a different perspective and how to help in this specific scenario
Kennedy, T., Edmonds, W., Dann, K., & Burnett, K. (2010). The Clinical and Adaptive Features
of Young Offenders with Histories of Child-Parent Violence. Journal Of Family Violence, 25(5),
509-520. doi:10.1007/s10896-010-9312-x. (Laura Roa.)
In this article the authors focused on comparing adolescents who have had a previous
record of abusing their parents to adolescents who have never abused their parents. The
two groups were analyzed in different areas such as, demographics, arrest records,
intellectual abilities, and health. The authors compared and analyzed the groups and their
differences. The results from the experiment detect that a large role in adolescent abuse is
gender and race.
Kettrey, H., & Emery, B. (2006). The Discourse of Sibling Violence. Journal Of Family
Violence, 21(6), 407-416. doi:10.1007/s10896-006-9036-0 (Megan Hancock.)
This was a study done that looked at 200 college students who had completed a survey
named Conflict Tactics Scales and a self-labeling measure of sibling violence. The
findings found that a vast majority of them had experienced sibling violence but the
terminology they used to describe their experiences was not related to violence at all.
They also looked at the gender differences and found that sibling violence for males tend
to be related to aggression and delinquency while the effects for females tend to be
related to psychological adjustment. Males are more likely to use physical punishment
where females are the target for teasing, ridiculing, name-calling, or mild violence which
is threatening a sibling with an object, or hitting, throwing kicking or smashing an object.
The results of the questionnaire showed that conflict was evenly distributed among
gender and age. The term that a lot of the college students used was conflict (termed
disagreements in the questionnaire). They used conflict, rivalry, aggression, violence and
abuse in that order. 83% of respondents reported the behavior that constituted as sibling
violence occurred but the term violence was one of the lowest rated terms used to
describe what was actually happening. This research could be used if we focus on the
relationship between different gendered siblings. Its very evident that abuse often
happens with older to younger siblings but also between boy and girl and the difficulty of
power roles. It would be interesting to contact a group of siblings that are different
gendered and do an informational session about the abuse that is happening or could
happen.

Kiselica, M. S., & Morrill-Richards, M. (2007). Sibling Maltreatment: The Forgotten Abuse.
Journal Of Counseling & Development,85(2), 148-160. (Megan Hancock.)
This article was the first article comparing the relationship that the entire family had and
how that affected sibling abuse. It stated that 53 out of 100 children are perpetrators of
sibling abuse, which is an incredible percentage. Sibling abuse wasnt researched until
around the 1970s but had been happening for countless years before that. It was proposed
that sibling abuse occurs because of maladaptive parental behavior and dysfunctional
family structures and that those play key roles in the genesis of sibling abuse. We know
that parental treatment has an impact on the sibling relationship which is why it has a
major impact. When the family structure supports power imbalances, rigid gender roles,
differential treatment of siblings, and lack of parental supervision there is an increased
risk for sibling abuse. In our workshop this information will be very crucial, especially if
its directed toward the parents of sibling abuse. They will be informed that their
relationships with other people affects their childrens relationships with each other. Also
its important for the informational session to emphasize how important the family
relationship is and how it affects behaviors.
Mack, B. N., & Jones, K. (2003). Elder Abuse. ASHA Leader, 8(14), 10-12. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
The article begins by stating the increase in population of people over 65 and how it is
expected to continue to rise. The article goes on further to describe elderly abuse, give
racial breakdowns of the victims and gives the typical victim and perpetrator description.
Next, it gives warning signs for each of the five types of abuse. The article concludes
with warning health professionals to be observant of any signs of abuse and
recommending doctors empower the elderly by encouraging them to stay active, keep
their belongings neat and orderly, open their own mail and arrange for direct deposit of
social security or pension checks and more.
Mastin, T., Jounghwa, C., Barboza, G., & Post, L. (2007). NEWSPAPERS' FRAMING OF
ELDER ABUSE: IT'S NOT A FAMILY AFFAIR. Journalism & Mass Communication
Quarterly, 84(4), 777-794. (Nicole Zanickrowsky.)
The article connections actual senior abuse to how media has socially constructed elder
abuse. Media portrayal of elder abuse does not accurately reflect elder abuse in real life
because most cases are not reported and are not readily apparent. For example, it is
proven that the majority of elder abuse cases occur in domestic settings, but these cases
are typically not reported. Therefor media portray most elder abuse happening in nursing
homes, but this is not true. If media portrayed the truth about elder abuse peoples social
construction would be different and more preventative programs may be put into place.
McKee, A. (2010). EVERYTHING IS CHILD ABUSE. Media International Australia (8/1/07Current). (135), 131-140. (Ariana Guilford.)
This article talked about the sexualisation of children in western cultures. It refers to
marketing to children of any kind, child sexual abuse, child pornography, body image
disorders, etc. With the aforementioned, the argument was that children are helpless
and because this is a strong perception in western culture, they can challenge everything
that is undesirable or perceived as negative (within the culture). Thus, the concept of
having nothing to help childreneverything is considered child abuse. This argument
can overshadow the real issue and actual harm that is prevalent in society. I dont think

this is as helpful, but it is interesting to look at this argument and its standpoint and be
conscious of it while doing research.
McMILLION, R. (2011). FENDING FOR THE ELDERLY. ABA Journal, 97(5), 57. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
The article starts by introducing the Elder Justice Act President Barak Obama signed into
law as part of the health care reform package. The goal of the act is to prevent, detect and
redress elder abuse, neglect and exploitation. This will be done by allocating federal
funding to adult protective services in each state. Then the article explains more needs to
be done because no federal law recognized and supports the important role the justice
system plays in addressing a problem that causes serious physical, psychological and
financial harm to elderly folk.
Mc Veigh, M. (2003). But she didnt say no': an exploration of sibling sexual abuse. Australian
Social Work, 56(2), 116-126. doi:10.1046/j.0312-407X.2003.00062.x (Megan Hancock.)
This article might not be used in our workshop but extremely prevalent to a type of abuse
done by siblings. This article talks about children sexual abuse and the breakdown of the
impact, dynamics between the siblings, and that it is just as traumatizing as parental
sexual abuse. In parent sexual abuse a power dynamic is recognized, well its the same
with sibling sexual abuse. Often its an older sibling over younger (Brother-sister is most
common). A lot of the abuse is based on coercion or manipulation. In one group it talked
about how brothers performed a prolonged violent abuse acts on multiple sisters (ex.
Vaginal rape, repeated rape, many years of sexual mobbing). Some brothers on 6-7 years
old and women spent their whole childhood into adult life in constant fear of a brother or
brothers. The fear of being blamed or not being believed was why it goes on for so long.
Mishra, A., Patne, S. K., Tiwari, R., Kumar Srivastava, D., Gour, N., & Bansal, M. (2014). A
Cross-sectional Study to Find out the Prevalence of Different Types of Domestic
Violence in Gwalior City and to Identify the Various Risk and Protective Factors for Domestic
Violence. Indian Journal Of Community Medicine, 39(1), 21-25. doi:10.4103/09700218.126348. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
This article conducted a study on the different types of domestic violence and the risk
factors relating to married women. It also identifies protective factors for both married
men and women that experience abuse from their spouses, and notes that the most likely
risk was in regards to alcoholism. Most marital women reported staying in the marriage
because they depended on their husbands for money, and concluded that women should
be able to have more independent financial security and protection from the government
to avoid the violence.
Myers, S. A., & Bryant, L. E. (2008). Emerging Adult Siblings' Use of Verbally Aggressive
Messages as Hurtful Messages.Communication Quarterly, 56(3), 268-283.
doi:10.1080/01463370802240981 (Megan Hancock.)
This article was about a study done on adult siblings and the use of verbally aggressive
messages. The results of the study was that there are seven types of verbally aggressive
messages (name calling, insults, withdrawal, physical acts or threats, repudiating the
relationship, negative affect, unfair comparison) and they do not differ in the perceived
hurtfulness, intensity, or intent. Using verbally aggressive messages is often used when
siblings are between the ages of 18-25 years old. This is the time period where siblings
begin to withdraw from each other as relationships with peers and romantic partners
become more serious. It is also the time where siblings look at their sibling relationships

more seriously and consider these relationships more important. The study showed that
the verbally aggressive message that the sibling is receiving has little impact on the
sibling relationship and that it simply may be one way that siblings communicate with
each other. In our workshop we plan on using this research as informational and showing
how, even researchers, look at verbally aggressive messages towards siblings, as normal
behavior. We plan on emphasizing that its not normal and that the behavior is not
healthy.
Paek, H., Hove, T., Kim, M., & Jeong, H. (2011). Mechanisms of Child Abuse Public Service
Announcement Effectiveness: Roles of Emotional Response and Perceived Effectiveness. Health
Communication. 26(6), 534-545. (Ariana Guilford.) doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.558334
This article honed in on the effectiveness, appeal, attention of child abuse prevention
PSAs. It noted that when it was first introduced to the public at national and local levels,
it successfully gained high attention rates; however, when time passed, these high
attention levels slowly declined. What helped a PSA become more appealing and
effective was included in this article. With the requirements mentioned in the article a
study was done to see how effective three different types of PSAs were and which factors
had a strong relationship. This might not be as helpful in our workshop because it solely
focusing on PSAs; however, if we talk about the success of the various efforts made to
raise awareness on child abuse-this can be very informative.
Peek , C., Fisher, J., & Kidwell, J. (1985). Teenage violence toward parents: A neglected
dimension of family violence . Journal of Marriage and Family ,47(4), Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/352350 (Laura Roa.)
In this study the authors study adolescent to parent abuse in white adolescent males, and
how aggression increases as they get older. There was a total of 1,545 white male
adolescents observed which were sophomores, juniors or seniors in high school. The
authors express the importance and influence on how the parents exercise their power on
the children affects the abuse and also the family structure and cohesion. The study found
that fathers are more likely to be abused by a male adolescent as they get older, especially
as a senior. This study further explores violence between adolescent males and parents.
Policastro, C., & Payne, B. K. (2013). The Blameworthy Victim: Domestic Violence Myths and
the Criminalization of Victimhood. Journal Of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma,
22(4), 329-347. doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.775985. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
The article observes victims perceptions of their abusive situations and their responses.
The study within the article specifically view those who stay in their abusive
relationships, and polls college-age kids to find out who they think is blameworthy for
the abuse--the victim or the perpetrator. This is useful in our workshop since we will be
presenting to college level students and we can ask similar questions to see what myths
they believe in regarding who is to blame when abuse occurs.
Preventing financial elder abuse. (2009). Consumer Reports Money Adviser, 6(11), 6-7. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
The article specifically talks about financial elder abuse. The author notes law
enforcement officials have experienced an increase in reports of elder fraud committed by
strangers since the beginning of the recession. Examples of this include identity theft,
telemarking cons, stealing social security checks out of mailboxes and more. The article
goes on to state seven signs of exploitation and six steps to protect elders. These six steps
to protect will be presented in the workshop.

Rowntree, M. (2007). Responses to Sibling Sexual Abuse: Are They as Harmful as the Abuse?.
Australian Social Work, 60(3), 347-361. doi:10.1080/03124070701519645 (Megan Hancock.)
This probably wont be used in our workshop but this article was about surveys taken
about people who had been the victims of sibling incest. In one the earliest incest studies
involving a survey of college undergraduates in the US, 15% of female students and 10%
of male students reported sibling sexual activity; of the incest reported by girls, 39% was
by siblings (Finkelhor, 1979).
Sappington, A. A., & Pharr, R. (1997). Relationships among child abuse, date abuse, and
psychological problems. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 53(4), 319-329. (Ariana Guilford.)
The article introduces the effects abused children experience and its relationship with
date abuse (also spousal abuse)most common among college students. Since child
abuse could negatively impact a childs development, this way of being in unhealthy
relationships can transfer to their dating partners. There was a done with a psychology
class of women to see if there was a significant relationship between child abuse and date
abuse. The findings suggested that ultimately child abuse and date abuse warrant
undesirable consequences. Overall, child abuse was associated with increasing risks for
date abuse and psychological problems. I think this could be crucial to our workshop
because we could show stages of abuse and how they are all linked to each other or what
are some commonalities among the abused and abuser if there is no relationship.
SHEEHAN, P. (2011). Elder abuse: Zero tolerance. Long-Term Living: For The Continuing Care
Professional, 60(6), 40-41. (Nicole Zanickrowsky.)
The article introduces elder abuse by citing examples of famous victims. Actor Mickey
Rooney testified in front of the United States Senate regarding alleged abuse suffered at
the hands of a family member. A socialite, Brook Astor, is another victim of elder abuse
from her formally well-respected son. The article also discusses abuser motivations,
which include stress, power and control. In addition, it states it is critical for health care
providers to have valid documentation of abuse when they notice it, such as written
reports and photos.
Shining A Light On Elder Financial Abuse. (2012). On Wall Street, 22(8), A7. (Nicole
Zanickrowsky.)
The article gives reasons as to why the elderly are such large targets for financial abuse.
The first reason is because baby boomers are considered a large part of the population,
with over 75 million members. Second, many have all their retirement money in 401(k)
plans which are extremely liquid assets. Finally, they are predicted to inherit between
$10-30 trillion from their parents. The article recommends financial advisors be aware of
clients with possible dementia and understand the family dynamics at play
Stuart, G. L., O'Farrell, T. J., Ramsey, S. E., Moore, T. M., Elkins, S. R., Temple, J. R., & Shorey,
R. C. (2013). The Temporal Association Between Substance Use and Intimate Partner
Violence Among Women Arrested for Domestic Violence. Journal Of Consulting &
Clinical Psychology, 81(4), 681-690. doi:10.1037/a0032876. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
This article focuses on the female abusers perspective in cases of domestic violence, and
how there is an association between alcohol and intimate partner violence. The study
examined if there was an increase in frequency of violence after drug or alcohol use
versus days where neither was present. The conclusion was that when alcohol was

present there was more violence perpetrated by the women, as well as more
victimization. Drugs generally resulted in more sexual coercion.
Sulak, T., Saxon, T., & Fearon, D. (2014). Applying the Theory of Reasoned Action to Domestic
Violence Reporting Behavior: The Role of Sex and Victimization. Journal Of Family
Violence, 29(2), 165-173. doi:10.1007/s10896-013-9569-y. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
The article looks at the theory of reasoned action and how it serves as a model for
understanding reporting behavior of domestic violence episodes. The study was
conducted with adolescents and young adults, who would decide whether or not to report
the situation to a third party or official. Understanding the attitudes and social norms that
affect reporting behavior and how the theory of reasoned action contributes to it can help
agencies that serve individuals affected by domestic violence.
Thornton, V. (2014). Understanding the emotional impact of domestic violence on young
children. Educational & Child Psychology, 31(1), 90-100. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
This article has to do with the developmental issues and negative atmosphere children of
domestically violent homes have as they grow up. Their emotional restrictions were
studied in children between the ages of 5 and 9, and the factors of the violence witnessed
seemed to prevent their capacity and opportunities to make their voices and needs heard.
Negativity also seemed to be a main theme regarding their emotions and how they dealt
with social problems, which was a direct result of being involved in a violent household.
During the workshop this will be used to provide a different perspective of how abuse
affects others even if they are not directly involved with the violence.
Tillman, L. (2013). What Does It Take for Traumatized Kids to Thrive?. Pacific Standard. 6(3),
60-67. (Ariana Guilford.)
The article shares two stories about a challenged school with delinquent students and
administration that strategizes how to make the school better. They look at child abuse
and see similar tendencies among their students and consequences of child abuse. The
study presented of obese patients who dropped out of a weight loss challenge and were
later recognized as sexually abused. Additionally, the findings suggested that childhood
trauma (which includes abuse) casts a long shadow of a persons happiness. Overall, with
sufficient evidence of the negative impact child abuse has on people, public health
education and campaigns could be targeted better and have an effect-whether it is
preventing the experience of child abuse or becoming more knowledgeable on the
controversial and sensitive issue. In terms of the workshop, this may be useful because it
help us format or try to target our workshop to be the most effective.
Tjaden, P. (2007, July). Domestic violence facts. Retrieved from
http://www.ncadv.org/files/DomesticViolenceFactSheet(National).pdf. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
This website provides statistics on domestic violence specifically relating to men and
women. It explains facts such as how many women experience domestic violence in their
lifetime, the most frequent ages for victims, the various types of abuse, and the effects it
has on victims and others around them. Laws regarding domestic violence are stated, and
there is information on how to best receive help, which will be presented in the workshop
to educate about what can be done.
Yamawaki, N., Ochoa-Shipp, M., Pulsipher, C., Harlos, A., & Swindler, S. (2012). Perceptions of
Domestic Violence: The Effects of Domestic Violence Myths, Victims Relationship With Her
Abuser, and the Decision to Return to Her Abuser. Journal Of Interpersonal
Violence, 27(16), 3195-3212. doi:10.1177/0886260512441253. (Stephanie Shepherd.)

This article has to do with research conducted for the attitudes toward domestic violence,
the victim, and the perpetrator. Observers perceptions were influenced by their gender
and beliefs about the myths of domestic violence, their decision to return to the abuser,
and the marital status of the couple. Most concluded that it was more the victims fault
than the perpetrators if they decided to return to the situation, and there were differences
between male and female participants of the study. We can use some of these hypothetical
situations in our workshop and compare peoples beliefs to facts on domestic violence.
Yassour-Borochowitz, D., & Buchbinder, E. (2011). The Phenomenology of Domestic Violence:
An Insider's Look. At The Interface / Probing The Boundaries, 6319-32. (Stephanie Shepherd.)
This article focuses on the language and intentionality behind domestic violence
situations, and studies the phenomenological approach. It relates an insiders perspective
in order to understand why abuse happens in marital relationships and otherwise. The
language used and the intentions behind the violence occurs will be used in the workshop
to explain why and how it happens in the moment.
Walker, R. (2012). CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING IN A CHILD ABUSE FLAME WAR OVER
FAN FICTION. Media International Australia (8/1/07-Current). (144), 19-26. (Ariana
Guilford.)
The article studies a flame war started on a forum about a fiction story that featured child
abuse; while some people took this as offensive and insensitive, some people brought it to
light that those who experienced this can find healing by sharing their story. The narration
of personal stories-especially in a feminist counter-public-could also be a result of
consciousness-raising on the issue from the survivors perspective. This will be very
useful because with this knowledge maybe we can act on this information and have a
survivor be involved with the workshop and encourage the consciousness-raising aspect
sharing a personal story holds, or we can definitely refer to this when discussing the best
mechanisms to use when coping.