: 061340411688
1.
Wet gas
Flue gas
Dry gas
Bahan bakar
FURNACE
= 70%
= 6%
= 4%
= 13%
= 2%
HO
= 5%
O = 21%
Udara
N = 79%
= 70 grmol x 12 gr/grmol
= 840 gr
= 6% x 100 grmol
= 6 grmol x 2 gr/grmol
= 12 gr
= 4% x 100 grmol
= 4 grmol x 28 gr/grmol
= 112 gr
= 13 grmol x 32 gr/grmol
= 416 gr
= 2% x 100 grmol
= 2 grmol x 32 gr/grmol
= 64 gr
HO
= 5% x 100 grmol
= 5 grmol x 18 gr/grmol
= 90 gr
CO
Teoritis wet
C
Mula-mula
70 grmol
Bereaksi
70 grmol
70 grmol
Sisa
BM
12 gr/grmol
Berat
32 gr/grmol
-
70 grmol
70 grmol
44 gr/grmol
3080 gr
HO
Mula-mula
6 grmol
Bereaksi
6 grmol
3 grmol
6 grmol
Sisa
6 grmol
BM
2 gr/grmol
32 gr/grmol
18 gr/grmol
Berat
108 gr
SO
Mula-mula
2 grmol
Bereaksi
2 grmol
2 grmol
2 grmol
Sisa
2 grmol
BM
32 gr/grmol
32 gr/grmol
64 gr/grmol
Berat
108 gr
Teoritis wet
Komponen
n (grmol)
%n
CO
70
70 grmol
100 =19,20
364,52 grmol
HO
11
11 grmol
100 =3,02
364,52 grmol
SO
2 grmol
100 =0,55
364,52 grmol
272,22
272,22 grmol
100 =73,68
364,52 grmol
9,3
9,3 grmol
100 =2,55
364,52 grmol
Total = 364,52
100%
O2
Teoritis dry
Komponen
n (grmol)
%n
CO
70
70 grmol
100 =19,80
364,52 grmol
SO
2 grmol
100 =0,56
364,52 grmol
272,22
272,22 grmol
100 =77,0
364,52 grmol
9,3
9,3 grmol
100 =2,64
364,52 grmol
Total = 353,52
100%
1
= (1 x 70 grmol) + ( 2
x 6 grmol) + (1 x 2 grmol)
O2
O teoritis
2. % excess O =
15%
93 grmol
O supply
O berlebih
= O supply 62 grmol
= 71,3 grmol
32
gr
=297,6 gr
grmol
N dari udara =
N total
79
x 71,3 grmol=268,22 grmol
21
32
gr
=7622,16 gr
grmol
Neraca massa
Komponen
C
Masuk
n (grmol)
70
Massa (gr)
840
12
272,22
7622,16
84,3
2697,6
64
HO
90
11325,76
Total
Komponen
Keluar
n (grmol)
Massa (gr)
CO
70
3080
HO
11
198
SO
128
9,3
297,6
272,22
7622,16
Total
11325,76
HO
SO
FURNACE
Bahan bakar
C
= 840 gr
H = 12 gr
N = 112 gr
O = 2383,36 gr
O = 416 gr
N = 7845,6 gr
S = 64 gr
HO = 90 gr
3.
Flue gas
Bahan bakar
FURNACE
CH = 85%
CH = 4%
CH = 2%
N2
= 3%
= 3%
H2O
= 3%
O = 21%
Udara excess 750 kmol
m
V
500
kg 500 kg
=
V
m3
V =621,12 m
PV =nRT
n=
PV
RT
N = 79%
0,987 atm
3
. 621,12m3 10 3l
m
2
atm .l
0,082
.(273+30) K
gmol . K
n=
103 kmol
n=49347,62 gmol
=49,35 kmol
gmol
= 671,2 kg
CH = 4% x 49,35 kmol
= 67,1 kg
CH = 2% x 49,35 kmol
= 43,4 kg
N2
= 3% x 49,35 kmol
= 41,44 kg
= 3% x 49,35 kmol
= 47,40 kg
H2O
= 3% x 49,35 kmol
= 26,6 kg
2O
CO
Reaksi pembakaran
CH
2HO
Mula-mula
41,95 kmol
Bereaksi
41,95 kmol
83,9 kmol
41,95 kmol
83,9 kmol
Sisa
41,95 kmol
83,9 kmol
BM
16 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
44 kg/kmol
18 kg/kmol
Berat
1845,8 kg
1510,2 kg
7
2 O
CH +
2CO +
-
3HO
Mula-mula
1,974 kmol
Bereaksi
1,974 kmol
6,909 kmol
3,948 kmol
5,922 kmol
Sisa
3,948 kmol
5,922 kmol
BM
30 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
44 kg/kmol
18 kg/kmol
Berat
173,71 kg
106,6 kg
CH +
5O
3CO +
4HO
Mula-mula
0,987 kmol
Bereaksi
0,987 kmol
4,935 kmol
2,961 kmol
3,948 kmol
Sisa
2,961 kmol
3,948 kmol
BM
44 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
44 kg/kmol
18 kg/kmol
Berat
130,28 kg
71,06 kg
SO
Mula-mula
1,48 kmol
Bereaksi
1,48 kmol
1,48 kmol
1,48 kmol
Sisa
1,48 kmol
BM
32 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
64 kg/kmol
Berat
94,72 kg
100
O2 excess
21
100
O2 excess
21
O2 excess=
15750 kmol
=157,5 kmol
100
O teoritis
O2 berlebih
= O2 excess O2 reaksi
O2 berlebih
kg
= (157,5 97,224) kmol = 60,276 kmol x 32 kmol
excess O2=
O2 excessO2 teoritis
100
O2 teoritis
excess O2=
( 157,597,224 ) kmol
100 =61,99
97,224 kmol
79
157,5 kmol=592,5 kmol
21
= 1928,83 kg
N2 total
kg
=16631,44 kg
kmol
Neraca massa
Masuk
Keluar
Komponen
n (kmol)
kg
Komponen
n (kmol)
Kg
CH4
41,95
671,2
CO2
48,86
2149,8
CH
1,97
67,1
O2
60,27
1928,8
CH
0,98
43,4
N2
593,98
16631,4
593,98
16631,4
H2O
95,25
1714,5
1,48
47,4
SO2
1,48
94,7
1,48
26,6
157,5
5040
Total = 22527,1
Total = 22527,1
O2
N2
H2O
SO2
Bahan bakar
CH = 671,2 kg
FURNACE
CH = 67,1 kg
CH = 43,4 kg
N2
= 41,44 kg
= 47,4 kg
O = 5040 kg
H2O
= 26,6 kg
N = 16590 kg
4.
Flue gas
FURNACE
= 2,6%
C,H,
= 8,4%
= 0,7%
= 39,9%
CO
= 32,9%
C,H,
= 10,1%
= 5,4%
Udara
Hitunglah :
Mol O teoritis yang harus disuplai untuk pembakaran 1 mol gas
3
Nilai kalor dari gas dalam kal/grmol dan btu/ f t
Penyelesaian
Basis: 1 grmol bahan bakar gas
CO
= 2,6% x 1 grmol
= 0,026 grmol
C,H,
= 8,4% x 1 grmol
= 0,084 grmol
= 0,7% x 1 grmol
= 0,007 grmol
= 39,9% x 1 grmol
= 0,399 grmol
CO
= 32,9% x 1 grmol
= 0,329 grmol
C,H,
= 10,1% x 1 grmol
= 0,101 grmol
= 5,4% x 1 grmol
= 0,054 grmol
Reaksi Pembakaran
C,H,
3,9 O
2,73 CO +
2,36 HO
Mula-mula
0,084 grmol
Bereaksi
0,084 grmol
0,2 grmol
Sisa
0,23 grmol
0,2 grmol
BM
44 gr/grmol
18 gr/grmol
Berat
10,12 gr
3,6 gr
HO
Mula-mula
0,399 grmol
Bereaksi
0,399 grmol
0,1995 grmol
0,399 grmol
Sisa
0,399 grmol
BM
18 gr/grmol
Berat
7,182 gr
CO
CO
Mula-mula
0,329 grmol
Bereaksi
0,329 grmol
0,1645 grmol
0,329 grmol
Sisa
0,329 grmol
BM
44 gr/grmol
Berat
14,476 gr
C,H,
2,21 O
1,14 CO
2,14 HO
Mula-mula
0,101 grmol
Bereaksi
0,101 grmol
0,223 grmol
0,115 grmol
0,216 grmol
Sisa
0,115 grmol
0,216 grmol
BM
44 gr/grmol
18 gr/grmol
Berat
5,06 gr
3,88 gr
O teoritis
O udara teoritis
O2 udara teoritis
= mol H x H
= 0,399 grmol x 68317 kal/grmol
= 27259 kal
= mol CO x Hc
= 0,329 grmol x 67636 kal/grmol
= 22252 kal
5.
6.
Flue gas
FURNACE
Bahan bakar
Ditanya :
= 83,9%
= 14%
= 0,6%
= 0,7%
= 0,3%
HO
= 0,45%
Abu
= 0,05%
Udara
= 83,9% x 100 kg
= 83,9 kg / 12 kg/kmol
= 6,99 kmol
H = 14% x 100 kg
= 14 kg / 2 kg/kmol
= 7 kmol
O = 0,6% x 100 kg
= 0,6 kg / 32 kg/kmol
= 0,01875 kmol
N = 0,7% x 100 kg
= 0,7 kg / 28 kg/kmol
= 0,025 kmol
= 0,3% x 100 kg
= 0,3 kg / 32 kg/kmol
= 0,00937 kmol
HO = 0,45% x 100 kg
= 0,45 kg / 18 kg/kmol
= 0,025 kmol
= 0,05 kg
Reaksi pembakaran
C
CO
M:
6,99 kmol
B:
6,99 kmol
6,99 kmol
6,99 kmol
S:
6,99 kmol
BM:
12 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
44 kg/kmol
m:
307,56 kg
HO
M:
7 kmol
B:
7 kmol
3,5 kmol
7 kmol
S:
7 kmol
BM:
2 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
18 kg/kmol
m:
14 kg
112 kg
126 kg
SO
M:
0,0093
B:
0,0093 kmol
0,0093 kmol
0,0093 kmol
BM:
32 kg/kmol
32 kg/kmol
64 kg/kmol
m:
0,3 kg
0,3 kg
0,6 kg
S:
335,38
0,21
= 1597,05 kg
= 15,97 kg/kg bb
%n
CO
6,99
11,8
SO
0,0093
0,016
45,06
76,2
HO
11,98
59,06
100
Total
% volume CO teoritis
mol CO
x 100
mol total kering
6,99 kmol
x 100
( 6,99+ 0,0093+45,06 ) kmol
= 13,43 %
Input (kg)
83,9
Output (kg)
-
14
0,6+335,38 = 335,98
0,7+1261,67 = 1262,37
1262,37
0,3
HO
0,45
0,45+126 = 126,45
Abu
0,05
0,05
SO
0,6
CO
Total
307,56
1697,05
1697,05
7.
Flue gas
FURNACE
Bahan bakar
C
= 70%
= 6%
= 4%
= 13%
= 2%
HO
= 5%
Udara
% berat
berat (kg)
n (kmol)
70
70
70 kg : 12 kg/kmol
= 5,83 kmol
6 kg : 2 kg/kmol
= 3 kmol
45
4 kg : 28 kg/kmol
= 0,143 kmol
13
13
13 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 0,406 kmol
2 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 0,0625 kmol
HO
5 kg : 18 kg/kmol
= 0,27 kmol
= 5,83
HO
= 3 0,812 = 2,188
=0
= 0,143
= 0,0625
H
1
1
2
x 0,406 = 0,812
5,83
CO
5,83
5,83
2,188
HO
1,094
2,188
SO
0,0625
0,0625
HO
79
=3,762
21
Udara
O = 21%
Pada std
3
1 mol = 22,43 m
33,2697
x 22,4 m3
100
3
= 7,4525 m /kg
5,83
H
3
S
0,0625
CO
5,83
5,83
HO
1,5
SO
0,0625
0,0625
22,4
100
3
= 8,2535 ( m /kg)
Berat CO
5,83 x 44
100
Berat HO
3 x 18
100
Berat SO
0,0625 x 64
100
Berat N
27,9536 x 28
100
= 2,5652
= 0,54
= 0,04
= 7,827
10,9722 kg
8,2535 m3
3
= 1,3294 kg/ m
5,83 x 97650
100
= 5692,99
3 x 57810
100
= 1734,3
0,0625 x 69800
100
= 43,625
8.
Flue gas
FURNACE
Bahan bakar
C
= 83,9%
H = 14%
O = 0,6%
Udara
N = 0,7%
S
= 0,3%
HO = 0,45%
Abu = 0,05%
Basis : 100 kg bahan bakar
Unsur
% berat
berat (kg)
n (kmol)
83,9
83,9
14
14
14 kg : 2 kg/kmol
= 7 kmol
0,6
0,6
0,6 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 0,01875 kmol
0,7
0,7
0,7 kg : 28 kg/kmol
= 0,025 kmol
0,3
0,3
0,3 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 0,00937 kmol
HO
0,45
0,45
Abu
0,05
0,05
= 6,99
HO
= 7 0,0375 = 6,9625
=0
= 0,025
= 0,00937
H
1
1
2
x 0,01875 = 0,0375
CO
HO
6,99
6,99
6,99
6,9625
HO
3,481
6,9625
0,00937
SO
0,00937
0,00937
Udara
O = 21%
Pada std
1 mol = 22,43 m
49,9153
x 22,4 m3
100
6,99
H
7
S
0,00937
CO
6,99
6,99
HO
3,5
SO
0,00937
0,00937
= 11,181 m
/kg
22,4
100
3
= 11,989 ( m /kg)
6,99 x 44
100
Berat HO
7 x 18
100
Berat SO
0,00937 x 64
100
Berat N
39,523 x 28
100
Berat CO
= 3,0756
= 1,26
= 0,006
= 11,066
15,4076 kg
3
11,989 m
3
= 1,285 kg/ m
6,99 x 97650
100
= 6825,735 kkal
7 x 57810
100
= 404,670 kkal
0,00937 x 69800
=
100
= 6,54 kkal