10/6/2015

Gii thiu & An ton

AN TON TRONG VN HNH MY
MC THIT B TRUYN NG

Gii thiu
Li thot him
Th tc di tn
Thi gian bt u
v kt thc
Nh v sinh v cc
tin nghi
in thoi di ng
Cc vn khc

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Mc tiu ca lp hc:
Cc khi nim c bn v an ton
Cc mi nguy him lin quan n
thit b truyn ng
Cc nguyn l m bo an ton
trong vn hnh my mc thit b
truyn ng
Cc bin php m bo an ton
thit b truyn ng i vi mt s
loi my cng nghip in hnh
3/101

4/101

10/6/2015

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

KHI NIM C BN

Phn 1
Cc khi nim c bn

TAI NN LAO
NG

S c gy tc hi n c th ngi lao
ng do tc ng ca cc yu t nguy
him v c hi trong sn xut
5/101

KHI NIM C BN

6/101

KHI NIM C BN

S an ton

Mi nguy him
L cc iu kin c kh nng gy
thng tt cho con ngi hay lm gim
kh nng ca con ngi trong vic thc
hin nhim v c giao

7/101

Theo cch hiu thng thng l Khng

c cc mi nguy him.
Trong thc t, khng th loi b hon
ton cc mi nguy him. V vy S an
ton c hiu l bo v mc tt
nht con ngi khi cc mi nguy him
8/101

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CH LM VIC KHI IU KIN AN TON

C M BO !

Phng php nh gi mc nguy him

Nguy him

L iu kin c th gy ra tai nn
HY NHN DIN NGUY HIM V THC
HIN CC BIN PHP M BO AN TON
9/101

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

im 5 hoc 6 thc hin LP TC bin php AT.

im 3 hay 4, lp NGAY k hoch thc hin bin php
AT.
10/101
im 1 hay 2, c k hoch x l trong TNG LAI.

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Phn 2
Cc mi nguy him c
bn lin quan n thit
b truyn ng

Mt cch tng qut, my mc thit b

truyn ng c th gy ra chn
thng, tai nn gm:
- Cc b phn chuyn ng gy ra cc
nguy c: cun, ko, kp, kt, ct,
xn, ti:
im thao tc
Cc c cu truyn ng
Cc b phn chuyn ng khc.

- Tai nn in.
11/101

12/101

10/6/2015

im thao tc:

Thao tc ct gt

V tr m ti
vt liu
c x l
ct,
gt,
mi,
t,
dp v.v.

13/101

Thao tc t

14/101

Thao tc dp

15/101

16/101

10/6/2015

Cc thit b chuyn ng:

Thao tc ct dp

Cc thit b truyn ng: Cc b phn

dng truyn chuyn ng t ng
c n cc my cng c: bnh ,
puly, ai truyn, thanh truyn, ni
trc, trc cam, xch, bnh rng v.v.
Cc b phn chuyn ng khc: Tt
c cc b phn my chuyn ng khi
my lm vic. Bao gm cc dng
chuyn ng: chuyn ng qua li,
chuyn ng quay, chuyn ng tip
tuyn.
17/101

Chuyn ng quay

18/101

Chuyn ng qua li

G sc

Mi ni then

Puly
Khp ni trc
19/101

20/101

10/6/2015

Chuyn ng tip tuyn

Cc trc chuyn ng ngc chiu

21/101

B phn quay st vi b phn c nh

22/101

V d v cc mi nguy him
Vng
qun
o

Pictures or Graphs Within This Area

B phn quay khng c che chn

23/101

24/101

10/6/2015

Lm gn Chuyn ng quay

V d v mt tai nn

Ngi lm vic gn hoc vi

my mc chuyn ng phi
thc hin cc phng nga an
tan sau ngn nga vic
vng vo trong my:
Tc di phi c ct hoc
bao bc bng mt ci chp
tc
Qun o phi khng c
lng thngphi c nht
vo trong qun, c tay o
phi c ci hoc tay o
phi c xn ln
Khng c eo trang sc
khi lm vic vi my mc
chuyn ng

26/101

V d v cc mi nguy him

V d v cc mi nguy him

B phn quay khng

c che chn

Pictures or Graphs Within This Area

B phn quay khng c che chn

27/101

28/101

10/6/2015

Tai nn thng xy ra khi no ?

Hy ch ra v tr nguy him

Khi vn hnh bnh thng

X l khi c vt l gy kt my
Khi lm v sinh
Khi kim tra my
Khi bo dng my

29/101

30/101

Cc bin php m bo an ton

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Mc u tin ca cc bin php

Phn 3: Nguyn l thc hin

cc bin php m bo an
ton cho cc thit b
truyn ng

Loi tr
Mi trng L an ton
Thay th

Bin php k thut

Bin php qun l

Ngi L an ton
Trang b bo h lao ng

31/101

32/101

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An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Cc bin php bo v
Che chn

C nh
Lin ng
Chnh c
T chnh

Trang b bo v
Cm bin
Dy ko
iu khin an ton
(dy t ngt, nt
bm hai tay)
Cng

m bo khong
cch
Np liu v ly
sn phm t
ng
Cc bin php
khc

Bin php k thut th nht

CHE CHN

Cnh bo
S dng dng c
tr gip
33/101

34/101

Thit k che chn my cn bn

Cc yu cu bo v
Ngn tip xc Ngn nga thn th hay qun o
ca ngi vn hnh tip xc vi cc b phn chuyn
ng
Gn cht c cu bo v phi gn cht vo my, ch
g ra c nu dng dng c chuyn dng
Bo v khi vt ri m bo vt l khng ri vo
cc b phn chuyn ng
Khng to thm nguy him: C cu bo v khng
c c mi nhn, cnh sc, b mt nhm.
Tin dng C cu bo v khng c cn tr thao
tc ca ngi vn hnh.
Thun tin cho bi trn Nu c, cn m bo c
th bi trn my m khng phi g c cu bo v

1. Che chn phi c lm bng vt liu, li

vng chc, hoc cu trc tng ng, v phi
c thit k ngn nga tm vi ca con
ngi ti nhng khu vc nguy him.
2. Tm Che chn bng kim lai phi c chiu dy
khng nh hn 1.5mm. i vi che chn li,
mt li 9mm chiu dy ca si khng nh hn
1.5mm; mt li 50mm chiu dy ca ca si
khng nh hn 3mm.
3. Che chn khng b vng hn 12mm di lc tc
ng l 450N ti bt k mt im no trn mt
din tch vung c cnh l 50mm.

35/101

10/6/2015

Kch thc tm vi

Kch thc mt li bo v

Thit k v v tr ca che chn phi c cung cp t nht

mt khang cch nh sau:

Tm vi

Khang cch ti thiu c p

dng

Tm vi ca cnh tay

1000mm t di cnh tay ti u ngn tay

Tm vi ca khuu tay

500mm t pha trong ca khuu tay n u

ngn tay
Tm vi ca c tay

280mm t c tay n u ngn tay gia

Tm vi ca ngn tay

150mm

Tm vi theo chiu 2500mm ti a khi ng trn cc u ngn

ng
chn

Kch thc ca mt
li hay l bo v

Nh hn 9mm
9 n 25mm
25 n 40 mm
Ln hn 40mm

Khong cch ti thiu

t c cu che chn
n im nguy him

15mm
120mm
200mm
1000mm

* khe h t c cu che chn n sn khng

qu 250mm
38/101

Cc v d v cc c trng ca che chn

my

V d Bnh ai v s truyn
ng
Che chn bao quanh c nh c
lm bng li v cc phn
nghing ngn nga vic tip cn
vi my mc chuyn ng

Bn l cho php
hiu chnh
Li thng gi

Khng c php

Tm vi b hn
ch n gc ca
ngn tay

Tm vi b gii
hn n gc ca
bn tay

Tm vi b gii
hn n b dy
ca bn tay

10

10/6/2015

Con ln v trc xoay

Con ln v trc xoay

Bn l

an u
chc chn

Li che

Che chn cn bn cho u

v cui bnh ai

Cht kha

Che chn m bo v khng m bo

Khng m bo

Che chn c nh

m bo

43/101

44/101

11

10/6/2015

Che chn c nh
Gn c nh vo my
Ch tho c bng dng c
Cu to bng li hay dy
kim loi hoc vt liu khc
Thng dng bo v c
cu truyn ng
Ph bin hn c do n gin
v tin dng
C th gy kh khn cho
thao tc.
Khng phi lc no cng p
dng c

Roller Guarding
45/101

Che chn c nh

46/101

Che chn c nh

Che chn c nh
cho
puly
ca
my nn kh.

47/101

Che chn c nh cho my t l

48/101

12

10/6/2015

Che chn c nh

Che chn c nh

49/101

50/101

Che chn chnh c

Kt cu che chn
c th iu chnh
ph hp vi
yu cu thao tc.
C th b ngi s
dng v hiu ha

51/101
52

13

10/6/2015

C cu vt mi
My mi c nh
phi c c cu
vt mi m bo
cng vng, c th
chnh c khi
mi b mn. C cu
phi gn st vo
bnh mi vi khong
cch khng qu 3
mm

Bo v my mi

Phn khng che ca a mi khng qu chu vi

a
Gc m ca phn khng che tnh t mt phng
ngang ln pha trn khng qu 65o

Tc mi

Tc mi ca
my khng c
ln hn tc
ti a cho php
ghi trn a
Khe h gia tm chn chnh c
v a mi khng qu 6 mm
55

14

10/6/2015

Che chn chnh c

Trc khi lp a
mi, dng vt phi
kim loi (cn tua
vt) g ln a. Nu
ting ku b c,
chng t a mi b
nt, khng c s
dng a mi ny

Machine Guard

Che chn chnh

c ca ca
my

G kim tra

Che chn t chnh

58/101

Che chn t chnh

Kt cu che chn t iu chnh theo

iu kin thao tc.
Thng khng bo
v c hon ton
i hi phi kim
tra,
bo
dng
thng xuyn

59/101

60/101

15

10/6/2015

Che chn lin ng

Che chn lin ng

Khi che chn b m hay
b tho, c cu ngt t
ng s lm cho my
khng th hot ng
c cho n khi che
chn c phc hi.

Che chn lin

ng cho thng
quay

Khng bao gi c
php s dng che chn
lin ng nh bin
php c lp my
Interlocked Guard of Machine
Source: Machine Guarding, OSHA Office of Training and Education

61/101

Che chn lin ng

62/101

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Bin php k thut th hai

S DNG CC C CU
BO V C BIT

Che chn lin

ng cho my
nho bt

63/101

64/101

16

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Dy ko

C cu bo v c bit

S dng c cu c bit thc hin

mt trong cc chc nng sau:

Devices

Ngn tr hay ko tay ngi vn hnh khi

vng nguy him khi vn hnh my
T ng dng my nu c m b phn c
th ngi vn hnh tip xc mt cch
khng c vi vng nguy him
Bt buc ngi vn hnh phi s dng c
hai tay iu khin my

Pullback Device

Source: Machine
Guarding, OSHA
Office of Training
and Education

65/101

66/101

Dy ko

Dy ko

Dy ko c ni vo
bn tay, c tay, cnh tay
ngi vn hnh.

u im:

S dng ch yu trong
cc my t dp, trong
thi gian xy ra thao tc
dp, dy ko s t ng
ko bn tay ngi vn
hnh khi vng nguy
him.

Nhc im:

Cho php ngi vn hnh tip cn vo

im thao tc tip nguyn liu v ly
sn phm ra
Phi c kim tra, hiu chnh thng
xuyn mi khi thay ca sn xut.
Cn tr thao tc ca ngi vn hnh
Ngi vn hnh c th t v hiu ha
dy ko.
67/101

68/101

17

10/6/2015

Dy cn tr

Dy cn tr
Ni c nh vo c tay
ngi vn hnh, ch cho
php ngi vn hnh di
chuyn tay trong mt
phm vi nht nh,
khng tip xc c vi
vng nguy him.
Thng phi trang b b
sung dng c ph tr
ngi vn hnh c th
t vt cn gia cng vo
vng thao tc

Devices

Source: Machine Guarding, OSHA

Office of Training and Education

Restraint Device
69/101

70/101

Dng c h tr

Dy cn tr
u im
n gin, d s dng
tin cy cao trong bo v

Nhc im:
Phi c kim tra, hiu chnh mi khi thay i
ca sn xut
Ngi vn hnh phi s dng dng c cp
liu v ly sn phm
Cn tr thao tc ca ngi vn hnh
C th b ngi vn hnh t v hiu ha

71/101

Khng c coi l
mt bin php bo
v, ch s dng kt
hp vi dy cn tr

72/101

18

10/6/2015

Cm bin bng nh sng

Thit b cm bin

T ng dng my khi thit b cm bin b

tc ng
u im: Cho php ngi vn hnh tip
cn vo vng thao tc
Nhc im:
Ch s dng c vi nhng loi my c chu k
vn hnh kt thc trc khi ngi thao tc c
th tip cn vo vng nguy him
Phi c kim tra, bo dng thng xuyn
C th b ngi vn hnh v hiu ha
73/101

Cm bin bng sng radio

74/101

Cm bin c in

75/101

76/101

19

10/6/2015

Dy cm bin
Devices

Tripwire
Cable

Source: Machine
Guarding, OSHA Office of
Training and Education

T ng dng my khi chm vo dy

77/101

Safety Tripwire Cable

78/101

Cm bin

Thanh
cm
bin t trn
nc my

79/101

80/101
T ng ngt my khi ngi vn hnh t vo thanh ngang

20

10/6/2015

iu khin nt bm bng c hai tay

iu khin nt bm bng c hai tay

Bt buc ngi vn hnh phi dng c hai tay

bm nt, ngn cn tip xc vi vng nguy
him.
C hai kiu iu khin:
Nhn v gi bng hai tay
Nhn bng hai tay ri nh
u im:
m bo khong cch an ton
Khng cn tr thao tc ca ngi vn hnh
Nhc im
Ch bo v mnh ngi vn hnh
Ch p dng c vi cc loi my vn hnh
theo chu k

Devices

Source: Machine Guarding, OSHA

Office of Training and Education

Two-hand Control
81/101

Nhn hai tay ri gi

Devices

82/101

Nhn hai tay ri gi

Devices

Two-hand Control

Two-hand Control

Two-hand Control
Two-hand Control

83/101

84/101

21

10/6/2015

Nhn hai tay ri nh

Nhn hai tay ri gi

85/101

86/101

Bo v bng cng

Nhn hai tay ri nh

87/101

88/101

22

10/6/2015

Bo v bng cng

Bo v bng cng

Devices

Cng l loi che chn ch

ngn cn ngi vn hnh
tip cn im vn hnh
trc khi chu k hot ng
ca my bt u
C hai loi cng:
-Kiu A: Cng ng trong
sut chu k vn hnh
-Kiu B: Cng ch ng
trong thi gian my dp
xung

Cng m

Gates

Cng ng

Source: Machine Guarding, OSHA Office of Training and Education

89/101

90/101

Bo v bng cng cho my c kim loi

Bo v bng cng cho my t dp

91/101

92/101

23

10/6/2015

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Bin php k thut th ba

BO V BNG CCH
TO RA KHONG CCH

94/101

t nt bm xa vng nguy him

To ra khong cch

B phn chuyn ng
c b tr sao cho
ngi vn hnh khng
th tip cn vo vng
nguy him:
Dng ro chn
B tr b phn chuyn
ng trn cao
t nt bm khong
cch xa
95/101

96/101

24

10/6/2015

Dng ro chn

An ton my mc thit b truyn ng

Bin php k thut th t

T NG HA VIC
CP NGUYN LIU
V LY SN PHM

97/101

Tip nhin liu v ly sn phm t

ng

98/101

Tip nhin liu v ly sn phm t

ng

T ng ha
hon ton

Bn t ng
Cp liu bng
tay nhng ngi
vn hnh khng
tip cn vo
vng nguy him

Ngi vn hnh
khng cn thao
tc g thm sau
khi khi ng
my
99/101

100/101

25

10/6/2015

Nguy c in

S dng cnh tay r bt

Bn thn r bt
cng l mt yu
t nguy him.
Phi c che chn
cho r bt.

101/101

I. IN GIT
1. Yu t nguy him v in tp trung ch yu:
Dy ni t khng ni ng vo cc trung tnh trong cm
m ni vo cc dng. Khin dy trung tnh tr nn dy
dn in;
Phn in h, b h: Np y cu ch , hp cu dao, u ra
ui n hng hoc mt, dng dy in khng c phch cm
hoc phch cm b hng; dng dy in trn, dy in t
trn mt t b vt nng, sc lm h hi, b vp, qung vo
dy in .
My, thit b in h hng, chy, chp, r in. My cng c
cm tay khoan, ct phi dy dn in gy chp in; khng
tt ngun in ngay sau khi s dng thit b in, khi mt
in, khi di chuyn cng c hoc khi gp s c bt ng
ng in qu ti: dy dn tit din nh, s dng nhiu
thit b in cng mt lc;
u sai cc trn cm v thit b

103

Cng o

0,5

90 -100 mA
50- 80 mA

VI IEN AP xoay chieu

T 30V TR LEN
U = 250 v 1/4 giay, chet
Liet ho hap 3 giay Ngng tim

Ngng rung tim, kho

th

10

mA

Co c, gay te nga

mA

Cam giac kim cham

mA

Cam nhan ran ran

2008 Trung tm kim nh k thut an ton KV2

26

10/6/2015

MT S YU T NGUY HIM V BIN PHP

PHNG NGA

106

ng i cua dong ien qua ngi.

ng dong ien qua
ngi
T chan qua chan
T tay qua tay
T tay phai qua chan
T tay trai qua chan
T au qua chan

Phan lng dong ien

qua tim ()
0.4
3.3
3.7
6.7
7.0
2008 Trung tm kim nh k thut an ton KV2

An ton thit b truyn ng

Mt s bin php khc

108/101

27

10/6/2015

Quy trnh cch ly

Ban hnh quy trnh cch ly

Cc my mc phi c c cu c lp
hon ton my khi ngun cung cp
nng lng, m bo khng th b
khi ng ngoi mun

Cch ly v ngn chn

ngun nng lng
(kha ch)
Treo kho c nhn
hoc giy php

C cu c lp phi d phn bit v

c kha li.

109/101

Kha cng tc v treo bin bo

Kha cng tc v treo bin bo

Lockout/Tagout Devices

Lock Out / Tag Out Isolation System

Physical Lockout/Tagout
Picture Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_and_tag

111/101

112/101

28

10/6/2015

Kha cng tc v treo bin bo

Kha cng tc v treo bin bo

Lockout/Tagout Devices

Lockout/Tagout Devices

Physical Lockout/Tagout Devices

Physical Lockout for Circuit Breaker
Picture Source: http://www.cirlock.com.au

Picture Source: http://www.cirlock.com.au

113/101

114/101

Bin php qun l

Cng tc ngt khn cp

Phi ni bt v c th tip
cn t mi v tr thao tc

Nn c mu

m bo lch trnh bo
dng

nh du r rng

Ghi chp nht k bo

dng y

115/101

Thit lp quy trnh an

ton cht ch

116/101

29

10/6/2015

Kim tra
Kim tra tt c cc thit b an tan v
che chn my phi c thc hin hng
thng. Chng trnh kim tra s ch ra:

Kim tra & Bo

tr

10/6/2015

vic s dng mt biu mu kim tra chnh thc

yu cu ca vic kim tra c tin hnh theo
cc c tnh k thut ca nh sn xut v kinh
nghim trong vn hnh
ghi nhn tt c cc cuc kim tra c thc hin
vic kim tra phi c thc hin bi ngi
thnh tho

Footer
11
7

Che chn thiu st

Kim tra che chn my mc

Yu cu ti thiu cc kha cnh sau cn c
kim tra i vi mi che chn my mc:
khng h hng bao gm c khung c nh ln
khung lp t
tt c cc kha v im sit cht th c sit
cht thch hp
cung cp mt s bo v thch ng chng li cc
khu vc nguy him (im kp, s chch hng,
s ct, cc b phn xoay)
kha lin ng hoc t ng vi chc nng t
tt chnh xc
Rope Switch khng qu trng trn dy ko bng
kim lai/dy thng (40-60mm) v n by th
khng b cn tr, mc kt.

Khi my mc c nhn ra rng che chn

my b thiu hoc h hng:

dng my v treo th khng s dng ti im vn

hnh/cch ly, nh l mt s thay th hng ro bng cch ly
c dng ln xung quanh khu vc nu my mc khng th
c dng ngay lp tc
i vi my mc di ng (my mi, my ca, my ct ma st
v.v..) th my s c lai b khi khu vc
thng bo cho ngi c lin quan ti khu vc v thc hin
hnh ng
ni thch hp xut mt work order cho vic sa che chn
my
ghi nhn nguy c (thiu st/h hng che chn) v hnh ng
khc phc, iu ny s h tr trong vic nhn dng nu nguy
c thng xuyn xy ra v cung cp mt bin php theo
di tin trnh khc phc

30

10/6/2015

Che chn thiu st

m bo ngi c trch nhim cho vic qun l
my mc mt s kim tra v che chn my mc
trc khi my mc c ng in li hoc vn
hnh li
Nu s kim tra nhn ra rng mt che chn ang b
thiu st hoc thit b an tan mt tc dng, th
sau thit b phi c ngt ngun nng lng v
cch ly tr khi mt nh gi ri ro c thc hin
v mt c cu bo v thay th c lp t.
Bin php bo v thay th ny ch c s dng
nh mt bin php tm thi.
Vic s dng n phi c s ph duyt bng vn
bn ca trng b phn c lin quan.

Th st nhim v
Th st nhim v/an tan phi c
thc hin bi ngi gim st v kt
qu ca phm vi tun th vi:
s phng an tan cho vic lm vic gn
vi thit b chuyn ng
Vic thc hnh p dng khi lm vic vi my
mc khi che chn b tho d hoc thit b
an tan b mt tc dng

Vic bo tr che chn my

Mt chng trnh bo tr phi c thit lp cho tt
c cc thit b an tan c lp t cho my mc
chuyn ng, tn sut v lai bo tr c thc
hin phi tun th vi c tnh k thut ca nh
sn xut.
Trong trng hp kha lin ng hoc cc thit b
tng t mt chng trnh chnh thc v vic kim
tra tnh chun mc phi sn sng.

TCVN V AN TON MY MC THIT B

TCVN
4244-2005Thit
b
nng
v
QCVN7_2012_BLDTBXH_ATLD i vi thit b nng;
TCVN-2296-89-Thit b rn p
TCVN-4717-89- Thit b sn xut - Che chn an ton;
TCVN4723_1989 - AT thit b gia cng g;
TCVN-5183-90-Yu cu ring v an ton i vi my mi
v my nh bng;
TCVN-5184-90-Yu cu ring v an ton i vi my mi
v my nh bng;
TCVN-5185-90-Yu cu ring v an ton i vi kt cu
my tin;
TCVN-5186-90-Yu cu ring v an ton i vi my
phay;
TCVN-5187-90-Yu cu ring v an ton i vi my doa
ngang;
TCVN-5188-90-Yu cu ring v an ton my bo, xc v
chut; ..

31

10/6/2015

Xin cm n

125/101

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