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  • Taiwan: Popular Cinema's Disappearing Act

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    Emilie Yueh-yu Yeh

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    Emilie Yueh-yu Yeh

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    82 tayangan7 halaman

    Taiwan: Popular Cinema's Disappearing Act

    Diunggah oleh

    josepalaciosdel
    Emilie Yueh-yu Yeh

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 7
    CHAPTER 12 Taiwan: Popular Cinemas Disappearing Act Bote Yuck Yoh Ate endoring 4 ask decade inthe 1990s, Taiwan cinema greted th new ‘llennium with unustal optim, Tuenese dicts an thi ls were recrved with unprecedented exposure allover the Wodld. Fit it was Bad ang’ YE A One onda Tie, which war avarded the best estore at (Cannes and number of prestigious avards in the US. Then Talwan-bor= and-aved diestor Ang Lee's sia (mania alswordpay) ee Crching Tae Haddon Drag (CTH). Dire in oneepion, Saance and poe ‘ion from Yang's intimate, sealtc Taipei story Croucing Tiger too four ‘Oscars, including Bert Foreign Language Fl (aominated fr ten). Despit ‘conventional wadom dat Talvan fs nly appl to nremationa nf tal fries and niche aediences apd remain gored. at homes CTHD wae ‘eniraced with unto by Taiwan aiences and eens the highest-grossing Chinese langage flan Tian, and in the world? However whe Yi wa ing ete abroad il has ot ben released in Taiwan. Cs only pub ppeurance took place a Jiaotong University, the dicts ama ater) “Appareny thre was a stark contrast berveen Y? Yi ané CTHD, ewo engaging contemporary fils with radically diferent reception desis. YF Wr domert noshow testes to slog sanding sickness of aan fm clue: geneily there ino Taiwanese andence for Tan i. i thi ‘nd, CTH? nana commercial ssces in Taran shoul be eat fr an anomaly, «pleat but not completely unexpected supe since Ie ‘rcs « Hollywocd brand name. Moceover tapesing VF and CTHD faggots hat all long rice and audiences may have categorically eae Tocaiy made fms ara fle because dats the only rabsic wader which ‘Taiwan cinema is eeamble. Art lm isthe reputation Tala cine kat afore ia the past vo decades. This makes tals impor n= ‘eive of Taivan-made popula fl elace he catepry of poplar has bee foveted eaily co anports, Both Yi Vand CTHD salvage 2 dsappeasng popular tiditon, the went (at and bteraure) nave sie, dein func inthe heyday of Taiwan popular cinema. YE Ye isa male way pice “ar: Popul nama Dezppeing Act 1s white CTHD isa mat es wor, Ths ¥F Wand CTHD bring up questions ‘eel to the ema of Tuan: whats Tavan poplar cea afc ate ‘here, orcan there be such ting aba home-grown, pop fm? What ae ‘he constrsines and prospect any for Tawenpopale cinema? "To me, Vi Yiand CTHD are both popular fms with a potty broad nainetoum appel in their story and ye. YF sa bierweet melodrama touching on han pasos of pobsry and neuTos. I dese wth mescaline {be oF ll sore semua, pater caroe, sd exten, Watching 15s tke enjoring a sophia thre-hour Japancie wap neatly organi nto eye naraveready-o-iew by ange, malasueam sudense? Resonant sn is rahadrara bur sophisticated serine, che Sim's mises locks Tice qu television, with gitering cosmopolitan setings Greta hos, ‘pec apersens plano rca ccf, Tokyo tins, Japenese temples, fmultingusl, high-tech enviar, Ht by high-key dlumination that ‘copharzs 4 bight, bree veson of Taipl(and East Asan) modernity ‘Meo important, thee is Beethoven's Maoist seats, lending noticeable acootc ure of «tefl ete. In many wees YF Yi wees hewiy on ‘nmasonaltvanscutunl borowing of ingredients fora Japanese “ed deus” oma) known for ls mastery of = global consumer cure and sll manipulation ofthe melodramatic form in is pasting ofa hgh, ‘verse endl eevsion reuct. Insert ¥i Vea pop flm mistaen {oe (or crohing at cine, a specolmed that Edwan Yang rose to relewse Via Tan a rots puns Talwar’ fm exabshment,damiated by x hand fd ‘ror and exits who tad long abandaned Taiwan fins, inching Vang fe ork in favor of Holiswood blockbuster. For seat tro decade no, the teadlonal dstesbuion cues or doen im ba alae, and Chinese fms nave been replaced by Hollywood and smal number of European = fms, Fawr Yana’s super back comedy Mag (1997), fn made ere YY was ist show ia "Tpe Sor only two days, sling 207 kes, ‘Because of un inal slow bubd-up theater operas could’ wai to pl the fim ou ro reduce the ss. Bu when the Ri rs nominsted forthe Goen one Fl Avands Cavan’ Academy Avan), opportuni distbutore serene tight aw oping extract seme supls Yale Th me eve | sp octweny days, accumulating a box oie of es than US$20,000. ‘ng dieey with local ibucon and exon machinery is aot, ppc. Inde pat en seus ve fms that ae backed by Centr! Motion Picure Corponton (CMPC, Taiwan's longest-running sadn) ar allt fe ones pronty for exibition at movie theater. For the same ras that 4 Thivan fm would not be disibated and marteed prope, « Hleood | isu, or atleast hybrid ach as CHD? wil be shetered with ars Poses, and peivieges because wo the tim extablishment, only Hellwood 58 Ene Yah Yeh fins make mone. The nae of dnbuion ako and cabo Tian a nn sto +t sender Hae ae es Hong Kine a Chin unin stat esc CTD wis Kati wh Hllwoed maser Catoste heen ae ‘eae cnpua nen Hae pone Re hee is Inn hace turn ‘ty pois of CTHD and query the "Chinesenes™ of th lan) ER (Current State of Distribution and Exhibition 3c now commonplace oan tat Tuvan ie as bee a deg steps the grandmother in YF i who aoc ato w come night ates ae ‘pening ofthe En, And ke grands miaculows every shorty beac eat any temp to avken ber doomed 0 be wil ning trundcilien,Tshran popula cinema uppers to have entered eg ‘anc, considering the ftlowing sais, The uber enn: Tanai including Hotlywoed, Hong Kong, and other fonien plcues shown ag ‘Tuwan’sserens in 2002 was 250 wile the misber for Tran mode Rag 1816 jst oner6 percent. Tn 2001, ws 212 no Tivan verse 10 ala 2000, 273 vers 195 in 1999, 306 verse 125 in 1998, 309 ves IS 4997, 308 versus 17s in 1996, 230 vewis 28 sb 1995: 454 vere 18 Ta ine withthe prevailing lm policy specie othe nation tat, admin ‘euions in Taran imposed resricuons om foreign fms sins theca ote nineteenth cencuys for political ensorship and economic proteaion, The Japanese colonial adminisvason retictedcrecnings of uid Chines ‘ms during the Pacific War (1937-45) or ear of encourging Chinese ae ‘i amiong eal Taiwanese. Later when the mainland Chineeed Navona Pay, o Kuomingrang (KM) moved (© Tawa, banned al fms fey (China andes Hong Kong ims; ring the period between 1972 and 1994, the KMT goverament ether banned (1972-83) o¢ reaited (1984-94) the ‘import of Japanese ns. In alti, forign Ans (eciding Hone Koag fms) were regulated under a ots mate and high ails and tases er foreign impasts were imposed to ensue dometc predation was potted, ‘Through thee polices, fom the early 1960s Tsiwan-made fw prompted most oro decades. Hut when the country hepa t become mare ested 4 the soba economy, especialy seb trade surplus withthe US, “Taiwan was pushed to open he markets, Begining fw 19% il Rocien fms ould be impor with low tas no gestctne on the mber af ‘rint, Since then, Taiwan firm production har dropped shay) As dacs elewher inthis bok, dept Holmen’ strength, sme con- ‘eevee i Ast wh at South Korea noi, Hong Keng, ad Joan sil “ean: Popular Crema’ Oapssing Act 159 ae ef pros, ona io, wh badly se ano, Fret se Toa nal et nee Kong th hier poo nye ee ‘utube san rican een mate ore Sn wo er een. eras Taam de erate le Sar inen se 202, a is wate oa oe (2) pe te al oe a fino trae ck nr i 90 peat? Pe toe ts Ute ttt Halo my he tec aig 4 wey “hasdsome retara in the Taiwan market. Usually their distribution takes up less chan 90 perosat of all the films shown in Taiwan, but their revenues have con- cite To foc Wha re twee | province; the Hakka (iterally est peopl), migrants frm Canton since the fateh century and the most recent armas, Chinese ffom al provinces fs Ba he wr wh he Commis 188 Tee ow pe speak lerent languages. Thi diversity combined with long colonial gost | pation by the Japanese (1495-1945) and prior wo that, Prwguese, Spanish | and Duch uadersmissons, has resulted in polyols eet only _ eral enjoying fll democratic instaons “in 1949 when the Natonaist Paty fle to Tawa, it moved is etic sin | land admiration to Taiwan and eile the island the base for repatriation, | Chiou Peope’s Repulse of Chin PRC) was permit to become 2 UN | ember. Under the One-Chig policy undersigned by the US gorerament, ‘Tern became 2 couney without x sate. Oo the other hand, Taiwan’ | demcracybepan to wr strongly an in 1996 Lee"Teng-boi became the fs | icy ected psn in thie stateless itd." | Meanie, Taiwan opened up, allowing for rigorous (sometimes ra ous) poll debates and oppositional cultures. Beonomicaly, Tana Was a Emi Yuh ye Soft ned miko ia Eat Ai ~ ring we dg suring and high weeks tine sharply inn ps the fred opening Bit Hou Hotes 1989 hire epic Cy Saber tea Goiden Lim athe Veni: Intestine! Fm Festa) he cua sae came tobe internationally eecopized te mo however, thi the recognition wae purchased the Ro, money eg rating into production, eng open vl dicsbuon em, Th Ppetne remained open fom the ate 19505 or abou fry ean, lant ap ns: spose for popular fn n che regen, eecily in Soe Aaa ‘Terouphowt this pecod Taiwan was under masta law (194-39), ended frestom of speech, public aecby and weal wi, In the 1950s the fn industry was mainiy supported by lee ausnher ok lowrbudet dle: fms called si pon (de Tabane guage Betwees 1936 and 1959, over 170 Tewancselanguae ms mee prod wheres only cighry Mandarin fms were made” This period @ comideed {he fe golden age of ta pian, Berween 1962 atl 1969, mor un 1,000 ch flims were made and watched by Fukienesespeaing suicnre ‘Tawan ant Southeast Aci. In 1962 alone, 120 ais cameos here ‘here were onl seven Mendain ims." Poti economic and eltural condone in the posta peti provided) an sccdenaly nourishing cimate for dec ims to prosper, Rie ae [EMPC was estabished in 1054, the tuo made onto ore fn a Aly foe the ftowing wes cas. °‘This production vacuum allowed fo tion on of CMPC's faites and st by the dialer ndpendens, The brursconing ta pion found 2 great appornity to acces» povemet wad infasroctare for their fascrunning tim prodtion. Aap i ‘ook allowance for Hong Kong producer so beiped to pes cl im a sth lower x a ait. a pr anh Manas fe Hog Kong Sera bores erin rng psd” lrg true ns wed the lange fair oper, and fk repetoies Bit qairancs-apesbing audiences (80 percent of the population) unt ‘when tay began to sow sens of decne, Ia 1969 manters of ana ins forte Hist tie exceeded hae of Taran fs 9 versus Hamprtant ll was the language policy that favored = dominant use of he atonal language in all mass meds, popular cinera ofthe 1950 apd 1960s can therefore be character fr pall cinema: Mandan and Taiwanese film predution rn sloag- ch otter. Wain Mandarin-langiage production there is another ‘gpm: commercial cinema tasplated from Hong Kong vers the i pte: = es ‘operted, propazandadiven, nation-building cinema. Bue che ‘whole was led by CMPC, owned and operated by the rang ay, Lae ety day in the 19508 CMC Am rdcion ‘slows, eh a woul of fouroon films made m che period 1954-50. faite yar liter when te poli ssuation and economy became st 3, oid CMC hepa 0 seriously consider the tle of cinema in ropa: poly, promoting eatonal eure and consmuciog a new national Tn edion, CMPC found cinema usefl fr posing greater us ofthe rin guage among Taanese sub “Under the able management of Hemy Gong Hong, is 1963 CMPC launched «seve of fms called "hel resi wo underake an aggressive reais pictures Besides the imperatives of poy the sucess of Dey calm was a comblaton f profusion values (Colo, widetreen) ‘tthe ocatondituaions, and cever use of gee ements and tars. In Faint class Ose Gir (1968 ae Ducklings (1965),one can we st ‘he appeaing ele and pastoral subject mares were Keys ts sastinaily. Aibough Henry Gong Hoag claied Ian neorealsm as insprtson, the sm was to create a heat. tnd ds conte wold bo Deserted. Apes ependymal ‘dam Woy itera and a) the fama of al hinds, t-te, renmances within the Taman fin ina linn Pim led te Beiisu-tom King 1, » mews poy whe Farka MA ht Cone Din wit le Sh Bho ey Dromie of eet independence Hu made hig the 1967 Dragon Gs fn ka With these companies operat “Teen cnana eran 0 bul pa tay anda on strong foundation, ater developing te al avcrgsproetion fennel above 300 ‘nan: Popular Cinemas Digpeatng et ‘io romantic melodrama or Qiong Yao fim (gone jue sioning) Tohru adaptations bared on Tawa most ous ronan Son {Glog Yoo (a pen nae for a worntn rites Chen Ping), enguaty the own Tabran popsar genre. Begining with My Conan (1965) he Papin Light of Vesey in 1983, aa of ty ts were bse on fort The logs ofthe gence can be atbuted to the continuous on of the eet of Chinese melodrama (ov), eae a he ls del th india egotion wth eradtonal eure and tis, prot ostance Stvies cetcting on sexuality or bi. On ee cont, ys generally missing ber family onder, fal pes, and emotional til donate the mtadeamasie setlment of these fms. The second ‘rebate of Qiong Yao fm is the cenealiy of worsen. Ah bean everaatrent to call Qong Yao romantic melodrama e's dhe gente ot whole docs exit 2 stong female-centred naa companied by weak mascline caries, This e pronounced inthe Ure fins of worn director Liv Li for Sper Str, Qiong Yo' own pro- ction company o enrare an exlusiefranchite of hee Uttry work. The bute the thoroghly “modem lok af Qing Yao moves. Itror in, comune, utban voting, architect, and adi devia exenpliy 1970, around 50 percent The hang fa erase wae spared by omy ‘Yay the st of the Shaws Onmad Stontman (1967, cece by (Che), Ater a eordbreaking succss anda fled negotiation for + Behr ling with Shaws, may Wang Ye moved o Taian co make his own ing pictures. Wang's location to "Tune oda major injection of epht ‘@ Toei’ ong fa productions With the mars name a a usrantey ro duces were able to nance many lang fy pices throogh presales to ore © sts databtor using tht pein, the proc Finmy Wang Ya wae mshi «thee Sea tme onthe dierent t= in onder to expand is "ang fi rperire and exploit low tax benefits provided by the KAT gover | ent Im ation, Taiwan's oper schools spied yong mera as rae. _Trivan’slcatios and ts armies Fics equipment an lge-sale combat | st for kung fi pictures et in the Republican period (1011-49). Action | tors, seunmen, and choreographers Were recued ad tained support isl studies sch as CMPC or by Central Prue Studio, owned by he 164 Ene wed ve ait of Defense, end Taiwan Fim Seo, owned by now defiant Tainan i Prov Government. Thre anne sb-aegoir of ple fine ee ance suns the Japanese, ai-Comausien, national, mies on owl eduction, agrietural reform, economic developmen et frrmony, and Republican revolution agaist the Mancha Qa coe inne ‘acy vent emu.” Wi fil suppoet om th tary, Twa oe Pictures (nlading fous an-Jepancse war cis) boasted igh product, ne of este sexes a ray aa fe, mune epee Imurching pestounel asemBy on amas scl al of which meee Hong Kong poduions o replica Inthe ate 170s arf nee ce ‘ded to milary comics to be cove the daly experone of Ny ‘Taiwan tudience. Since Wis mauled by the coction that al sane ‘Taiwanese men ms ses inthe ay for ato yar sere of a ‘tary comets were produced to dept raining ie on soay bee ‘A ssowre in Asia and around the son 4 vibra oie indy

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