Work Cited

Denning, Steve. "What Maslow Missed." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 29 Mar. 2012. Web.
06 Dec. 2015.
Steve Denning is a popular writing for Forbes Magazine. Steve is known for his writing
about radical management, leadership, innovation & narrative.
This is a internet source: Within this article, Steve talks about how the model of selfactualization is wrong from the first level. He goes on to explain that rather than food and
shelter, the first level should consist of social connection. Through the use of social
connection, Steve explains that the remaining levels of safety, love, and esteem all fall
into place.
Reflection: The ideas in this article are much different because Steve is not a well-known
psychologist like the rest. He is simply a writer that expressed his own thoughts on what
self-actualization is to him personally. My essay will be very similar to this because I will
also just be giving my own personal input. This article gives me a sense of reassurance
because he went against Maslow in a very popular magazine. I was hesitant at first trying
to debunk one of the most famous psychologists in the world but after viewing this piece
I have much more confidence.
Greene, Lloyd, and George Burke. "BEYOND SELF-ACTUALIZATION." Journal of
health and human services administration 30.2 (2007): 116-28. ProQuest. Web. 6
Dec. 2015.
Lloyd Greene and George Burke are well known psychologists from Texas State
University. Together, they have written a variety of articles and books that relate to the
topic of self-actualization.
This is a primary source: This article on self-actualization gives a great overview of the
thoughts of the famous Abraham Maslow. Within the article, important terms such as
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and the Theory of Human Motivation are explained
with great detail. Each step of Maslows pyramid is defined as well as supporting
examples to give full clarification.
Reflection:
This article on the term self-actualization will be very useful in my essay. The different
information will allow a brief overview of the Hierarchy of Needs, which will give the
reader the background information necessary to understand my opinions. Although this
piece is written for a knowledgeable audience, I will take the most important pieces to
support my overall message.
Heylighen, Francis. "A Cognitive-Systemic Reconstruction of Maslow's Theory of SelfActualization." Behavioral Science. 37.1 (1992): 39-58. Print.

Francis Heylighen is a Belgian cyberneticist investigating the emergence and evolution of

intelligent organization. Francis is the author to over 100 different scientifically published
pieces.
In this article, Francis Heylighen reviews and criticizes Maslows famous works. He
explains his opinions on how Maslow was very confusing and is insufficient at
explaining his self-actualization model. Francis also goes on to point out where the theory
needs to be reconstructed and gives his input on how to do so.
Reflection: This article focuses on the main aspects as to where Maslow went wrong. I
will use this information to point out some of these mistakes and further explain how I
think the Hierarchy of Needs could be restructured.
Krakauer, Jon. Into the Wild. New York: Anchor, 1997. Print.
Jon Krakauer is a famous American writer who is known for his writings about the
outdoors. Jon is author to numerous best-seller books and magazine articles.
This is print source: Into the Wild is a very interesting book about a young boy who runs
away from home in hopes to get away from society. The writings of Christopher
McCandless are based off a true story in which Chris gives up most of his possessions
and goes into the wild with the hopes of finding true happiness and beauty.
Reflection: The fact that this novel is based off a true story allows me to use this real life
story in my essay. I can use different examples as well as my own opinions to relate
Chriss story to my overall topic. I chose to use this novel because many people are very
familiar with it. In our UWRT 1102 class we were given the opportunity to watch the
movie and read the book as a class.
Lefrancois, Richard, and Gilbert Leclerc. "Reliability of a New Measure of SelfActualization." Psychological Reports. 82.3 (1998). Print.
Richard Lefrancios and Leclerc Gilbert are two scholarly psychologists teaching at the
University of Sherbrook. The work of these two individuals have been published in the
book called Psychological Reports which is published monthly for any new or important
findings.
This is a secondary source: Gilbert and Lefrancois argue that they have found a new way
to test the reliability of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Through the use of different trials
and experiments they have also formulated a new theory that may better support selfactualization.
Reflection: This article is a very difficult piece to understand without the proper
psychology background. Although, the consistent message is that the Hierarchy of Needs
to reach self-actualization may not be as valid as some may think. I will use this article to
help understand where Im coming from to support my theory that there proven way to

measure self-actualization. At the end of the article, the authors explain that there are
many loopholes. Some of which, may never be proven.
Peterson, Christopher, and Nansook Park. "What Happened to Self-Actualization?
Commentary on Kenrick Et Al. (2010)." Perspectives on Psychological Science.
5.3 (2010): 320-322. Print.
Dr. Nansook Park is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Rhode
Island, and a nationally certified school psychologist. Her work in collaboration with Dr.
Christopher Peterson in studying character strengths and virtues is considered the most
ambitious undertaking within the new field of positive psychology.
This is a secondary source: This is an article focused on self-actualization with each
psychologist giving his or her own opinions. Within the article, Dr. Park explains that
Maslow was only somewhat correct on his famous Hierarchy of Needs. Though the term
self-actualization is one of the most talked about subjects in psychology, they give
examples of where Maslow may have gone wrong.
Reflection: This article focuses on the validity of Maslows famous pyramid. Although
the information is mostly ones own opinion, it gives me reassurance that writing my own
opinion is okay. I will use this piece as a background support to what I was already
planning to write about.