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  • Ainsworth and Bell (1970)

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    The Strange Situation test was developed by Ainsworth and Bell (1970) to study infant attachment. In the test, infants aged 12-18 months interacted with their mother and a stranger in a controlled laboratory setting with 8 stages involving separations and reunions. The findings showed that most infants had secure attachments, while some displayed resistant or avoidant behaviors toward their caregivers. The test concluded that secure attachment is preferred but has been criticized for potential cultural bias and lack of real-world validity since it was conducted in a lab.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    AS Psychology Notes

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    The Strange Situation test was developed by Ainsworth and Bell (1970) to study infant attachment. In the test, infants aged 12-18 months interacted with their mother and a stranger in a controlled laboratory setting with 8 stages involving separations and reunions. The findings showed that most infants had secure attachments, while some displayed resistant or avoidant behaviors toward their caregivers. The test concluded that secure attachment is preferred but has been criticized for potential cultural bias and lack of real-world validity since it was conducted in a lab.

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    8K tayangan3 halaman

    Ainsworth and Bell (1970)

    Diunggah oleh

    Chloe
    The Strange Situation test was developed by Ainsworth and Bell (1970) to study infant attachment. In the test, infants aged 12-18 months interacted with their mother and a stranger in a controlled laboratory setting with 8 stages involving separations and reunions. The findings showed that most infants had secure attachments, while some displayed resistant or avoidant behaviors toward their caregivers. The test concluded that secure attachment is preferred but has been criticized for potential cultural bias and lack of real-world validity since it was conducted in a lab.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 3

    -1Ainsworth and Bell (1970)

    Secure and Insecure Attachments


    The Strange Situation Test

    Aims: To investigate individual differences in types of infant attachment using the


    Strange Situation test.

    Procedure: The Strange Situation test lasts for just over 20 minutes and was used on
    American infants aged between 12 and 18 months. The study took place
    in a laboratory and the method used was a controlled observation.

    The Strange Situation test consists of 8 stages:

    Stage People in the Room Procedure

    1 (30 seconds) Mother, Infant & Researcher The Researcher brings


    the Mother and
    Infant into the room
    and then leaves.

    2 (3 minutes) Mother & Infant The Mother sits down


    and the Infant is
    free to explore.

    3 (3 minutes) Mother, Infant & Stranger A Stranger enters and


    talks to the
    Mother and the
    Infant. The Mother
    then leaves the room.

    4 (3 minutes) Infant & Stranger The Stranger keeps


    trying to talk to
    and play with the Infant.

    5 (3 minutes) Mother & Infant The Stranger leaves the


    room as the Mother
    returns. At the
    end of this stage the
    Mother leaves the
    room.

    6 (3 minutes) Infant The Infant is alone in


    the room.

    7 (3 minutes) Infant & Stranger The Stranger returns


    and tries to
    interact with the Infant.

    8 (3 minutes) Mother & Infant The Mother returns and


    tries to interact with the
    Infant. The
    Stranger leaves
    the room.

    Findings: There were considerable individual differences in behaviour and emotional


    response in the Strange Situation.

    70% of the infants were categorised as securely attached. 10% of the infants
    displayed behaviour of resistant attachment, and the remaining 20%
    were classed as having avoidant attachments.

    Infants who were classed as securely attached were distressed by their


    caregivers absence. There was a clear difference in the infant’s reaction
    to the caregiver and to the stranger. Infants who showed behaviour of having a
    resistant attachment showed conflicting emotions as they were very
    distressed at separation from their caregiver but resisted their caregiver on
    reunion. Avoidant attachment was characterised by detachment as the
    infants did not seek contact with their caregiver and showed little distress at
    separation from their caregiver.

    Conclusions: Secure attachment is the preferred type of attachment.

    Criticisms: The Strange Situation test was created and tested in the United States and may
    be culturally biased reflecting the norms and values of American culture.
    Main and Solomon (1986) found that a small number of infants displayed
    disorganised attachment (their behaviour fitted none of the three
    attachment types).

    The Strange Situation was carried out in a laboratory and therefore lacks
    ecological validity.

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