Cruz Arreola 1

Jovany Cruz Arreola

Professor Cynthia Hamlet
English 1B 12:30pm
7 October 2015
An Annotated Bibliography
Brisport, Neda N. "Racism & Power: The Inaccessibility Of Opportunity In The
Educational System In The United States." National Lawyers Guild Review 70.1 (2013): 1729. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Sept. 2015.
This article explains how current legislation prevents certain groups of people from
accessing the same opportunities as other groups. It also explains how whites usually get the
opportunities to grow and in a way keep most of the power. It is referred to as white privilege.
Also how it is slowly getting better but we need to work together to fix the problem, and achieve
equal educational opportunity.
I consider this article reliable since it was published in the national lawyers guild review,
and the author is Neda Brisport, and the facts and cited works are documented. The goal of this
article is to show how there is still disparity on how there is no equal access of opportunities
among racial groups, especially the so called white privilege and how power tends to stay in that
group. Comparing it to my other sources, this article focuses solely on the opportunities and how
they are not fairly shared among people.
This helps on my research because I want to show how discrimination also comes in the
way of how opportunities are shared among people. And how it is based on racial prejudices, and
to keep the supremacy of power. The way the author puts it, in order to empower someone,

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someone else has to give up that much power and people might not want to do that. This article
just enforced my idea that people do not have the same access to opportunities in this country.
Dumas, Firoozeh. "The "F" Word." Language Awareness: Readings for College Writers.
Ed. Paul A. Eschholz, Alfred F. Rosa, and Virginia P. Clark. 11th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin,
2013. 351-54. Print.
In this short essay Firoozeh Dumas, an Iranian immigrant talks about how she suffered
discrimination in school, work and in her daily life. She talks about how her name has a beautiful
meaning, it means turquoise, but because of it being Firoozeh, kids from her school used to make
fun of her. She also talks about how her father wanted to name her Sara, and she would have
loved that. She then goes on to talk about how she and her brothers changed their names to Julie,
Fred and Sean correspondingly. She explain how after that, her life got so much easier. She
continues by saying how after graduating from college, she could not get any job interviews
when she used her real name, but after she added Julie to her resume, she started to get calls.
Then she explains how she was kind of living two lives, at work she was Julie and at home she
was Firoozeh, but after she got married and jobs did not matter as much, she went back to only
using her real name. She ends her essay by saying that every once in a while, she is still
reminded that she is an immigrant.
The author of this short essay, is Firoozeh Dumas, an Iranian immigrant, she is a reliable
source because she lived it. She is qualified to speak about the subject because she can talk from
experience. Her goal in this essay is to show how her experience shaped the way she lived her
life, and how that affected her life. How as a kid she changed her name and that stayed with her
for the rest of her life. Also, she wants the people who read the essay to relate to her experiences
as an immigrant.

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This essay fits into my essay because she talks about how she was bullied in school, and
in my essay and I want to explain how bullying is done in school, and the kinds of things kids do
to each other. It is helpful in the sense that since it is a personal experience, readers might relate
to it, or think about past experiences. The things they have seen or lived as well. This improves
my essay in the sense that readers can feel more engaged, since I am talking about a real person
with a name, and not just a statistics or a number.
Kasten, Danielle. "Modern Day School Segregation: Equity, Excellence, & Equal
Protection." St. John's Law Review 87.1 (2013): 201-238. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22
Sept. 2015.
This article talks about how school segregation is practiced by the school system. Even if
it is unintentional its effects are really clear. As Kasten puts it one class is black and when they
leave, the next one is white. It is called academic tracking, and it is basically a system where
students are separated in a basis of ability. The problem here is that this system cannot be banned
for the simple reason that courts consider it an unintentional form of discrimination. This practice
is racially neutral in paper but in practice its effects are really clear. White students are placed in
fast paced classes, targeted to prepare them for college, while black students are placed in slow
or vocational classes, directing them to the work force. The arguments that were used in support
of a segregated or separated student placement, were based on the basis that each race might
have different abilities or in innate racial superiority and that this placement was to accommodate
each persons needs. It ends on the fact that this system affects students futures, if they are
prepared for college, it will affect their success and their vocational choices.
I consider this source to be reliable because of the entity listed in the article is the United
States Supreme Court, and it was published in the St. Johns Law Review. The author is Danielle

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Kasten, and she explains how she was helped by her university colleagues. And its a current
scholarly article that was posted in 2013. The goal of this article is to inform readers of the fact
that school discrimination is still going on in our schools. The way it is applied, and how it is
considered an unintentional form of discrimination. Also how because of the unintentional aspect
of it, court cannot force a change of policy. The other thing that it explains is the fact that skill
based segregation affects students futures. This kind of separation is based on the perceived skill
of a racial group, and when these students get the slower or bad classes, their chances of future
success decrease. The facts are documented and laws that are references are included as well.
Compared to the other sources, this is like the disabilities program separation, but it focuses on
the black/white separation.
This source fits into my research because it explains how the school system separates
students from one another, and the way it affects students futures. It helpful on strengthening my
argument because I want to show that the school system is discriminating its students, even if it
is unintentional. I can include this into my research paper in two ways. One is to show the way
schools separate students or to show how school reinforces the idea of some people being better
than others. It has changed my point of view in the way that I thought that schools deliberately
separated students, but it seems that the system that is currently implemented, unintentionally
separates students in a racial basis, and how the government cannot change it because of it being
considered unintentional.
Kupferman-Meik, Fernanda E., Burris-Warmoth, Patricia., Rapaport, Susana, and
Roychoudhury, Kanchana. "Bullying In Children And Adolescents: A Healthcare
Perspective." Journal Of Social Distress & The Homeless 22.2 (2013): 94-118. SocINDEX with
Full Text. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.

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This article focuses on bullying, a type of discrimination practiced by many students, it
also focuses on the effects of it. It explains how students suffering from bullying, had
psychological changes and how that affected their grades. Another important thing that it
explains is the types of bullying that students practice. Another thing it focuses on is all the ways
people that practice and suffer from bullying change. They might suffer a physical change like
obesity, or psychological like irritability. The next point in this article is how bullying can affect
students achievement. When students experience bullying they might stay at home because they
want to be bullied, and that affects their academic future. Also how teachers contribute to
bullying to a certain point by simply ignoring it. The next interesting section talks about the
people that are most likely to suffer from bullying. It then offers ways to solve this problem for
kids.
The authors of this journal are associated to a medical center where they see the effects of
bullying and a university, also this is a scholarly article which was published in the journal of
social distress and the homeless. The facts of this article are documented and the sources are on
the work cited page. The goal of this article is to make the reader aware of the problem and
effects of bullying in the youth, and is a call for action to minimize the practice of bullying in
schools. Comparing to other sources this is one goes in depth on all the ways people can be
affected by bullying, and it not only focuses on the people being bullied, but also on the bullies.
So it explores both sides of the problem.
The way this article fits in the way that I want to explain how bullying affects students
both psychologically and their futures. It helps me a lot because it goes to explain the different
groups of people that are bullied, also how it makes students not want to go to school. In my
research essay I plan to explain the ways that students are discriminated and bullying is one big

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part of it, also how that type of behavior is reinforced by the school system. So this article
support my idea of bullying as discrimination and the way it can affect all students.
Kurth, Jennifer A., Mary E. Morningstar, and Elizabeth B. Kozleski. "The Persistence Of
Highly Restrictive Special Education Placements For Students With Low-Incidence
Disabilities." Research & Practice For Persons With Severe Disabilities 39.3 (2014): 227239.SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 20 Sept. 2015.
This article explains how students with special disabilities get separated from the rest of
the students, they are segregated in order to accommodate for their disabilities, but that excludes
them from the social experiences of a person that age, also it is explained how disabled students
learn necessary skills better when they are included in regular classes leading to better school
performance. Then explains how students rarely move out of this environment, because it is
deemed necessary for them. This segregates them from the rest of the school permanently, then it
explains how these systems need to be update in order to include disabled student with their
other classmates, while attending to their needs effectively.
The authors of this article are: Jennifer A. Kurth, Mary E. Morningstar, and Elizabeth B.
Kozleski. They are affiliated to the University of Kansas, and this article was published in the
journal of Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities. Their goal is to show how
students with disabilities are segregated in order to attend to their special needs, but it also
explains how it is more beneficial to include them in regular education with their other
classmates. Since it is a scholarly journal, the facts are well documented and all the sources are
documented as well. Comparing it to the other sources, this is more of a call for action, it shows
you the facts and then it tells you that a change is needed.

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This source is helpful to me because it explains how students with special needs are
segregated, it helps my argument because I want to explain how school practices a different kind
of discrimination, how they separate kids from one another, making discrimination more
prevalent. This article is a good addition to support how school strengthens kids idea of different
people get different treatment, and how they are not the same and somehow lesser beings than
them because they need more help to learn. It is explained in the article, including them in
regular classes helps them develop faster but it also can help alleviate this separation students
experience in school. But this article has not changed my point of view because this is the exact
same thing I have experienced. Special needs students rarely socialize with everyone else, they
are like a different type of people, and for kids it would be more helpful to socialize all together.
Porter, Jeremy R., Frank M. Howell, and Lynn M. Hempel. "Old Times Are Not
Forgotten: The Institutionalization Of Segregationist Academies In The American South." Social
Problems 61.4 (2014): 576-601. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 18 Sept. 2015.
In this journal it is explained how in the past school segregations was very prevalent in
the south, and even after the Brown vs Board of education historical case, private schools were
stablished to keep the segregation going. In the article is also explained how whites with the
resources would most often than not to send their children to private schools, keeping them away
from the minorities. Also how the elite of the south always tried really hard to keep education
away from minorities in order to keep a large labor force. They did it first by slavery and then by
not funding public education in their counties, and when Brown was enforced, they created
private schools to keep minorities away from education. Another section of this article explains
how ongoing segregation affects the students in these minority communities, the large classes,
underqualified teacher and not enough opportunities for student growth. So students from these

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school usually perform lower than their private counterparts and are less likely to attend college.
It ends by saying how these color based prejudices are still maintained today by class based
segregation.
This article has three authors Jeremy Porter, Frank Howell and Lynn Hempel. They are
affiliated to two universities and the institute for demographic Research. These qualifies them to
speak on the subject since they researched many different sources to compile them and make this
article, their goal on this article was to show that even after the Brown case, segregation found a
way to stay current, even to this day. This is a scholarly journal and it has all its sources well
documented, comparing it to my other sources up to this point, it is very different. The first one
is a personal experience, going through school. And this is more about facts and things that are
documented, they just arranged it in a way that makes sense. In this journal, they are trying to
prove a point, instead of sharing a personal memory.
This source is very helpful to me in two ways, the first is how discrimination in the form
of segregation was implemented back then and why, and the second is the effect of this type of
discrimination and how it is still alive today. For my argument, it helps me demonstrate the fact
that segregation was very bad back then but even when you do not see it upfront, it is still alive
and going on today. Also I can demonstrate the effects of this type of discrimination in the future
of minorities who do not get the same access to resources, as their white or more financially
advantaged counterparts.