Articles

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences
3-5 December 2015, Lane-Xang Hotel, Vientiane, Lao PDR.

Integrating of Community Capital through Network Management
for Strengthening of Micro Community Enterprises in Jaeson Sub-District,
MuangPan District, Lampang Province
. * . **
Associate Professor Dr.Boonthawan Wingwon and Dr.Ardchawin Jaikaew

67

: , ,
*
; Email: boonthawan2009@gmail.com
; Email: ardchawincm@gmail.com
**
[1]

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to analyze the operation conditions and requirements of micro community
enterprises and to locate the integrating of community capital through network management for strengthening of micro
community enterprises in Jaeson sub-district, MuangPan district, Lampang Province. It was participatory action research
with observation and in-depth interview as research tools. The population was group leader, committee and group
members from 67 enterprises in MuangPan district. The triangular data analysis was based on time, location and content
through the participatory mechanism of all relevant stakeholders.
The overall operation conditions of micro community enterprises revealed that the majority was established
from the governmental policy supports and the group member requirements to solve economic issues within family and
community. There was applying of local resources for the benefits of the group, adopting appropriate technology in
production process, making to customers orders but lacking of product development with innovation to create identity
and differentiation over competitors. There were different in level of strength among group members depending on the
enterprise category. The group leader had important role toward the operation outcomes and required performance focus
to be developed toward small and medium enterprises.
The outcomes of integrating community capital through network management revealed there were numerous
integrated capital types, i.e. financial capital, basis structure capital, natural capital, political capital, cultural capital,
social capital and human resource capital with work operation through trust and dependent of each other with main
objective for highest benefits of micro community enterprises. It was based on the internal network management of
members and relative operators. The external network were other micro community enterprises, group leaders, the
government sectors and private organizations including the social outfits with planning, joint learning and the integrating
of all related sectors for the strength of micro community enterprises based on the participation, continue activity focus
and the existence of enterprises members.
Keyword: Integrating of Community Capital, Network Management, Micro Community Enterprises

..2548

11 (..2555-2559)

8-10
[2]


(
, 2556)

( ,
2557)
13 1 13

( , 2557)
78 67

/ ( , 2557)

1.
2.

[3]

1.
2.

( , 2556)

/

5 (
, 2550; , 2554)
1. (human capital)

2. (social capital)

3. (physical capital)

4. (natural capital)

[4]

5. (financial capital)

1. (2554); (2554);
(2550: 10)

7 (1)
(2) (3)
(4) (5)
(6)
(7)

2.

(Boissevain and Mitchell, 1973)
(node) (relationships)
(network)

2
(Emerson, 1976)
1. (exchange theory)

(synergy)
[5]


2. (synergy concept)

1
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. / /
8.

1.
2.
3.
[6]
1.
2.
3.
4.

(qualitative research)
(case study)
(1)
(2)

(3)

(4) (5) (6)

(7)

(1).
(2)
(in-depth interview)

(focus group discussion) .
53

78 67
3 17 13 48

2 (1)

(2)
[7]


(1)
(2) (3) (4)
(5) (6)
(7)
(8) (9) (10)
(11)

2
[8]


2 (1)

(2)
(2554) (2554)
(2550: 10)

Boissevain and Mitchell (1973)

Barney (1991)

Callaghan and Colton (2008)

[9]


1.

2.

1.
3

2.

[10]

. 2554. . :
.
. 2556. . , 3 1 2555 2556: 15-16.
. 2556. . (Online: Available) http://www.mof.go.th/home/week2.html
23 2558.
. 2550. . .
. 2557. , . . 6 2558
. 2557. , . . 6 2558.
. 2554. . (Online: Available) http://kmcdd.ecgates.com. 23
2558.
Barney, J. B. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management. 17 (1): 99-120.
Emerson, R. M. 1976. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1): 335-362.
Callaghan, G., & Colton, J. 2008. Building sustainable & resilient communities: A balancing of community
capital. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 10(6): 931-942.
[11]


1
Effect of Perceived Image and Owner Rapport toward Repurchasing of Consumers
in Traditional Retail Business, Upper Northern 1, Thailand
. * **
Associate Professor Dr.Boonthawan Wingwon and Atchara Meksuwan

1
266
SMAT-PLS3.0

: , ,
Abstract
The purpose of research was to study the perceived image, owner rapport and repurchasing of consumers,
including to study the effect of perceived image and owner rapport toward repurchasing of consumers in traditional retail
business, Upper Northern 1, Thailand. It was quantitative research. The sampling group was 266 traditional retail business
users. The research tool was questionnaire, to analyze descriptive statistics the percentage, average, standard deviation
and statistical inference with SMART PLS technique.
; Email: boonthawan2009@gmail.com
; Email: atchara.meksuwan@gmail.com
**
[12]

The outcomes of traditional retail business users to focus on owner rapport and followed by repurchasing of consumers
and perceived image. The analysis of structural equation model revealed that the perceived image had the most direct effect
toward owner rapport, and followed by owner rapport had direct effect toward the repurchasing of consumers, the perceived
image had direct effect toward the repurchasing of consumers, the remaining factors had effect in descending order.
Keyword: Perceived Image, Owner Rapport, Repurchasing Of Consumers

(Modern Trade)
( , 2555: 66-81)
..2558 5-10 2
(GDP) 4

(AEC)
..2558 4 1
( , 2557)

( , 2553: 2)

( , 2557: 108-119)

1

[13]

1

1.
1
2.
1

(Kotler,
1997: 172) 3 (1)
(2)
(3)

(Perceived Image)

(Hosseini, Jayashree and Malarvizhi, 2014: 22335)

George and Leslie de Chernatony (2009: 43-65)

(Owner Rapport)

[14]


( , 2558:
108-119)
(Repurchasing)
( )
( )
(Molinari, Abratt and Dion, 2008: 363-373)

H1:
H2:
H3:
4 1

10-20 (Hair et al., 1998)
150
300
300 3 (- ..2558)
266 88.67
5 (5-point Likert scale) 1 5 (Likert, 1970: 275)
Cronbach s
Alpha 0.70 (Hair et. al., 2006)
0.30 (Field, 2013)
SMART-PLS3.0
(Henseler, Ringle and Sinkovics, 2009; online)
[15]

1.
1 266 20-30 3140
15,001-20,000

1-2

2.
2.1
(3.46) 0.718
(3.34) 0.681
(3.23) 0.643
2.2

1
1 (structural equation model) (PI)
(OR) 0.664 R2 0.441
(OR) (RE) 0.500 R2
0.599 (PI) (RE)
0.346 R2 0.599
[16]

1
H1:
H2:
H3:
t-stat 1.96 0.05**
Coef.
0.664
0.346
0.500
t-stat
9.652***
3.173***
4.651***
1 (RE) (PI)
(OR) (OR)
(PI) (RE)

1
1.

(2554: 44)

2.

(2557: 177-180)

-
3.

[17]


1

(2554: 44)

2
(2558: 108119)

3
(2558: 108-119)

1.
2.

[18]

. 2557. .
3(2): 108-119.
. 2555.
. 23: 66-81.
. 2557.
. .
. 14-16 2557: 177-180.
. 2553. PLS
. :
.
. 2554. .
34(130): 36-46.
. 2557. . [Online] Available: http://library.dip.go.th/
multim6/edoc/2557/23419.pdf. [2557, 11].
Field, A. 2013. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (4th ed.). London: Sage.
George, C., & Leslie de Chernatony. 2009. Consumer-based brand equity conceptualization and measurement. International
Journal of Marketing, 52: 43-65.
Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. 1998. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River,
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E., & Tatham, R.L. 2006. Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M., & Sinkovics, R.R. 2009. The Use of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in International
Marketing. [Online] Available: http://www.php.portals.mbs.ac.uk/Portals/49/docs/rsinkovics/pubs/2009-AIMHenseler-Ringle-SinkovicsPLS.pdf. [2009, November 2].
Hosseini, Z., Jayashree, S., & Malarvizhi, C. 2014. Store image and its effect on customer perception of retail stores.
Asian Social Science 10(21): 22335.
Kotler, P. 1997. Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implement, and Control (9th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
Likert, R.N. 1970. A technique for the measurement of attitude. Attitude Measurement. Chicago: Ronal
McNally & Company.
Molinari, L.K., Abratt, R., & Dion, P. 2008. Satisfaction, quality and value and effects on repurchase and positive word-ofmouth behavioral intentions in a B2B services context. Journal of Services Marketing 22(5): 363-373.
[19]

Artificial Intelligence Application in Public Policy Analysis

Assistant Professor Dr.Srirath Gohwong*
Abstract
This article is to investigate the Artificial Intelligence application in public policy analysis. The results reveals
that only cognitive science applications are compatible with public policy analysis.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Public Policy Analysis
Introduction
This article is my first response to my calling for employ Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an important tool for
public policy analysis in my last article. I called in my paper that Though the findings found that AI is still not
recognized by PA scholars in three Minnowbrook conferences as an important tool for public policy analysis and eGovernment, it has a big issue for further study. (Gohwong, 2015). Though the application of AI in Public
Administration was formally studied since 1945 by Simon (Gohwong, 2015), policy analysis just has emerged as a new
field of study since 1979 (Knoepfel, Larrue, Varone and Hill, 2011). The calling for AI usage as a supporting tool for
decision-making in bureaucracies came from H.A. Simon in 1983. Simon indicated that Technical tools for decision:
finally, there has been an important development in the last thirty years in the technical means available for making
decisions about situations with many variables and many interconnections among them. These new tools are usually
assigned to the disciplines of operation research and management science and today to artificial intelligence as well.
(Simon, 1983). However, there is no formal investigation to the application of AI in public policy analysis tools (Brewer
and deLeon, 1983; Weimer and Vining, 1999; Bardach, 2000; Fischer, Miller, and Sidney, 2007; Sirisampan, 2011;
Knoepfel, Larrue, Varone and Hill, 2011; Patton, Sawicki, and Clark, 2012; Thissen and Walker, 2013). That is why the
key objective of this article is to investigate the application of AI in public policy analysis tools.
Public Policy Analysis

Public policy analysis is the field of study for finding the solution for policy-maker (s) in all stages of policy
lifecycle. (Brewer and deLeon, 1983; Weimer and Vining, 1999; Bardach, 2000; Fischer, Miller, and Sidney, 2007;
Faculty of Social Sciences, Kasetsart University; Email: srirathg@gmail.com
[20]

Sirisampan, 2011; Knoepfel, Larrue, Varone and Hill, 2011; Patton, Sawicki, and Clark, 2012; Thissen and Walker,
2013). This article will adapt the three cycles of public policy of Nakamura and Smallwood (Nakamura and Smallwood,
1980) as follows: agenda setting and policy formulation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. In each stage,
there are many tools for analyze the policy and get the solution (Thossaporn Sirisampan, 2011; Knoepfel, Larrue, Varone
and Hill, 2011; Patton, Sawicki, and Clark, 2012; Thissen and Walker, 2013) as follows:
Agenda setting and policy formulation: agenda setting (opinion surveys, statistical data, content analysis,
forecasting, evaluation), policy formulation/public policy decision making (priority matrix, decision trees, econometric
methods, time-series analysis, Delphi, trend extrapolation (i.e. system dynamics, cross-impact analysis/ CIA), brainstorming, OR, cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis, Planning Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS), zerobased budgeting). Policy implementation: PERT and CPM, OD, QC. Policy evaluation: policy research (experimentation,
quasi-experimentation, non-experimentation), ex post (or retrospective) cost-benefit analysis, qualitative evaluation, and
zero-based budgeting
AI and Its Application

AI is the science for simulating human intelligence by using hardware, software and network in the following
areas: thinking humanly, acting humanly, thinking rationally, and acting rationally (Russell and Norvig, 2014; Valacich
and Schneider, 2014). It comprises three applications as follows: cognitive science, robotics, and natural interface.
However, only cognitive science applications are employed for supporting policy analysis such as expert systems, fuzzy
logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy Delphi method, fuzzy neural networks (FNNs), and hierarchical task
network (HTN). (Ho and Wang, 2008; Kumar and Varshney (2011); Laudon and Laudon, 2014; Marakas and OBrien,
2014; Russell and Norvig, 2014; Valacich and Schneider, 2014).
Here are the concise explanation of these AI techniques.
Expert systems is an AI technique for capturing tacit knowledge about a specific problem domain by using a set
of rules in order to provide advice like a human expert.
Fuzzy logic is the AI technique for increasing the capability of expert systems by processing incomplete or
ambiguous data in semi-structured problems and using approximations or subjective values.
Genetic algorithms is the AI technique for finding the optimal solution for a very dynamic and complex
problem with hundreds or thousands of variables or formulas. Its algorithm is a string of 0s and 1s.
Neural networks and data mining are two AI techniques for knowledge discovery. Neural networks can learn by
processing samples and their solutions. They can capture the patterns and relationships in large amounts of data in order
to fix new problems by their own. Data mining is the analysis of massive amounts of data to catch the patterns and rules
for decision-making and prediction.
Fuzzy Delphi method is an extension of Delphi technique by using fuzzy logic for solving the problem of
fuzziness in expert consensus in group decision making.
[21]

Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) is the combination between fuzzy logic and neural networks in order to process
the input variables with fuzzy logic, then turn to use approximation techniques of neural networks algorithms.
Hierarchical task network (HTN) is an AI technique based on hierarchical decomposition by formulating with a
single top level action (Act) for find an implementation of act that reaches the goal.
AI for Public Policy Analysis

According to the above mentioned, I combine both public policy analysis and AI in the Table 1.
Table 1 Public Policy Analysis and AI
Stage of policy
Policy analysis
tools
Agenda setting and
policy formulation
agenda setting
opinion surveys
policy formulation/public
policy decision making
AI tools
Scholars
AI & policy analysis tools
Neural
Networks
Trafiaek,
Laskowski,
Kolanowski
(2014)
statistical data
Genetic
Algorithm
Petrovski,
Wilson and
McCall (1998)
content analysis
Neural
Networks
Dastidar and
Jha (2010)
Forecasting
Forecasting
(continue)
priority matrix
Neural
Networks
Fuzzy Delphi
Method
Fuzzy Logic
Adya and
Collopy (1998)
Kaufmann, and
Gupta (1988)
Acton (2012)
decision trees
Data Mining
Rokach (2007)
Neural Networks and Cluster

analysis for classifying
surveyed businesses in clusters of
similar opinion on HACCP
system
Statistical analysis (regression
models and fractional
factorial experiments) of genetic
algorithms and inference about
optimal factors
Neural Networks for content
analysis of Antarctic
Science research
Neural Networks for forecasting
and prediction
Fuzzy Delphi
Method for forecasting
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
(FHAP) for priority matrix
Data Mining with Decision Trees
[22]

Table 1 (Con.)
Stage of policy
Policy analysis
tools
econometric
methods
time-series
analysis
Qualitative
and
technological
method
- Delphi
- trend
extrapolation
* system
dynamics
* cross-impact
analysis/ CIA
(trend
extrapolation:
continue)
brain-storming
OR techniques
AI tools
Scholars
Genetic
Algorithm
(GA)
Neural
Networks
Czarnitzki and
Doherr (2002)
GA for Optimization in
Econometrics
Ginzburg and
Horn (1993)
Neural Networks and time-series

analysis
Neural
Networks,
Expert Systems
Benaragama,
and Jayalal
(2013)
Neural Networks and Expert

Systems for establishing criteria
for prequalification of Highway
Contractors in Sri Lanka
Genetic
Algorithm
(GA)
Fuzzy Delphi
Method
Eksin (2005)
Genetic Algorithm in system

dynamics such as stock
management, market growth
Fuzzy delphi method for selecting
the variables of an urban system
dynamics model
FNNs for Tourism Crisis
Evaluation
Fuzzy
Neural
Networks
(FNNs)
Neural
Networks
Neural
Networks
[23]
Yu-Feng Ho
and Hsiao-Lin
Wang (2008)
Kumar and
Varshney
(2011)
Doboli and
Neural Networks for new ideas in
Brown (2009)
brain-storming
Burke, L.I. and
Neural Networks
Ignizio (1992)
for OR

Table 1 (Con.)
Stage of policy
Policy analysis
tools
Economicsfinancebudgeting
* cost-benefit
analysis
* sensitivity
analysis
AI tools
Scholars
Fuzzy logic
Dompere
(2004)
Fuzzy logic
* Planning
Expert Systems
Programming
and Budgeting
System (PPBS)
* zero-base
Fuzzy logic
budgeting
Fuzzy logic
Policy implementation
PERT and CPM
Hierarchical
Task Network
(HTN)
Fuzzy Data
PERT and CPM

(continue)
OD
Expert Systems
QC
Neural
Networks
[24]
Fuzzy logic in decision making

about social prices, social
discount rate, cost-benefit criteria,
choice of project and discounting
process, taxation, social goals
Caniani, Lioi,
Fuzzy logic and sensitivity
Mancini, Masi analysis for soil contamination
(2011)
hazard classification
W. Wen, W.K.
Expert systems for ROCs
Wang, C.H.
national defense budget planning
Wang (2005)
Kaufmann, and
Gupta (1988)
Bojadziev, and
Bojadziev
(1995)
Russell and
Norvig (2014)
Kaufmann, and
Gupta (1988)
Dertouzos,
(1997)
Combaz,
Fernandez,
Jaber (2008)
Fuzzy zero-base budgeting

Hierarchical Task Network

(HTN) with CPM
Fuzzy Data for CPM
Expert Systems in expert centers
for OD
Neural Networks for quality
management

Table 1 (Con.)
Stage of policy
Policy evaluation
Policy analysis
tools
policy research
(experimentation,
quasiexperimentation,
nonexperimentation)
ex post (or
retrospective)
cost-benefit
analysis
qualitative
evaluation
zero-base
budgeting
AI tools
Scholars
Neural
Networks
Yu-Ju Lin,
Chin-Sheng
Huang, CheChern Lin
(2008)
Determination of Insurance
Policy Using Neural Networks
and Simplified Models with
Factor Analysis Technique
Fuzzy logic
Dompere
(2004)
Fuzzy logic and ex post costbenefit analysis
Fuzzy logic
Lafuente R.,
Page A.,
SnchezLacuesta J.,
Tortosa L.
(1998)
Kaufmann, and
Gupta (1988)
Bojadziev, and
Bojadziev
(1995)
Application of fuzzy logic for the

qualitative evaluation of
preferences in a collective
questionnaire for users of
wheelchairs
Fuzzy logic
Fuzzy logic

Conclusion
Due to big data and complex problems in public policy, AI is very useful to broaden the capability of public
policy analysis tools.
References
Acton, Q.A. MathematicsAdvances in Research and Application. Georgia: ScholarlyEditions, 2012.
Bardach, E. A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving. NY:
Seven Bridges Press, LLC, 2000.
[25]

Benaragama, H.G. and Jayalal, S. Exploring the suitability of Artificial Intelligence for establishing criteria for
prequalification of Highway Contractors in Sri Lanka (2013). http://www.cmb.ac.lk/fgs/images/stories/BVDHG
_Benaragama.pdf
Bojadziev, G. and Bojadziev, M. Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, Applications. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.
Brewer, G.D. and deLeon, P. The foundation of Policy Analysis. Illinois: THE DORSEY PRESS, 1983.
Burke, L.I. and Ignizio, J.P. Neural networks and operations research: An overview. Computers & Operations Research.
Volume 19, Issues 34, AprilMay 1992, Pages 179189. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
0305054892900435
Caniani, D.; Lioi, D.S.; Mancini, I.M.; Masi, S. Application of fuzzy logic and sensitivity analysis for soil contamination
hazard classification. Waste Management Volume 31, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 583594 ()
Combaz, J.; Fernandez, J.; Jaber, M. Using neural networks for quality management. Emerging Technologies and Factory
Automation, 2008. ETFA 2008. IEEE International Conference.http://www-verimag.imag.fr/PUBLIS/uploads/
gczyg1730.pdf
Czarnitzki, D. and Doherr, T. Discussion Paper No. 02-41, Genetic Algorithms: A Tool for Optimization in Econometrics
Basic Concept and an Example for Empirical Applications.http://econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/24644/1/dp
0241.pdf
Dertouzos, M. What Will Be: How the New World of Information Technology Will Change Our Lives. San
Francisco: Harper Edge, 1997.
Doboli, S. and Brown, V. Understanding Brainstorming and Creativity Through Behavioral Experiments and Neural
Models (2009) http://www.hofstra.edu/about/administration/provost/hofhrz/hofhrz_s09_brainstormingcreativity
.html
Dompere, K.S. Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Theory of Fuzzy Decisions: Fuzzy Value Theory. NY: Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.
Eksin, C. Application of Genetic Algorithms to Analysis and Policy Design in System Dynamics. Submitted to the
Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science, Electric Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 2005
Fischer, F.; Miller, G.J.; and Sidney, M.S. (eds.) Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods.
FL: CRC Press, 2007.
Ginzburg, I. and Horn, D. Combined Neural Networks for Time Series Analysis Advances in Neural Information
Processing Systems 6 (NIPS 1993) http://papers.nips.cc/paper/824-combined-neural-networks-for-time-seriesanalysis.pdf
Gupta, Dipak K. Analyzing public policy: Concepts, tools, and techniques. Washington, D.C.: CO Press, 2011.
Kaufmann, A. and Gupta, M.M. Fuzzy Mathematical Models in Engineering and Management Science. Amsterdam:
ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 1988.
Kumar, R. and Varshney, G. Tourism Crisis Evaluation Using Fuzzy Artificial Neural Network. International Journal of
[26]

Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) Volume 1,Issue-NCAI2011, June 2011. http://www.ijsce.org/attach
ments/File/NCAI2011/IJSCE_NCAI2011_19.pdf
Knoepfel, P.; Larrue, C.; Varone, F. and Hill, M. Public PolicyAnalysis. Bristol: The Policy Press, 2011.
Lafuente R., Page A., Snchez-Lacuesta J., Tortosa L. Application of fuzzy logic techniques for the qualitative
interpretation of preferences in a collective questionnaire for users of wheelchairs. The Journal of Rehabilitation
Research and Development. January/1998; 35(1):91-107.http://www.researchgate.net/publication/51302723_
Application_of_fuzzy_logic_techniques_for_the_qualitative_interpretation_of_preferences_in_a_collective_qu
estionnaire_for_users_of_wheelchairs
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. Essex: Pearson
Education, 2014.
Marakas, G.M. and OBrien, J.A. Introduction to Information Systems Singapore: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
Nakamura, R.T. and Smallwood, F. The Politics of Policy Implementation. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1980.
Patton, C.V.; Sawicki, D.S., and Clark, J.J. Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. NY: Pearson, 2012.
Petrovski, A.; Wilson, A. and McCall, J. SCMS Technical Report 1998/2 Statistical analysis of genetic algorithms and
inference about optimal factors (December 1998). School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of
Science and Technology, The Robert Gordon University, 1998.
Prabir G. Dastidar and Deepak Kumar Jha. A Neural Network Based Content Analysis of Antarctic Science
Research: Studies into 25 years of research publications (Part I), 2010. http://www.galileoco.com/literature
/antarcticscience110510final.pdf
Rokach, L. Data Mining with Decision Trees: Theory and Applications. Singapore: World Scientific, 2007.
Russell, S. and Norvig, P. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.
Simon, H.A. Reason in Human Affairs. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.
Srirath G. The investigation of AI application in the Public administrations literature. 2 nd Asean Conference on
Humanities and Social Sciences, 27-29 August 2015, Vietnam, Lao PDR.
Thissen, W.A.H. and Walker, W.E. (eds.). Public policy analysis: New developments. NY: Springer, 2013.
Thossaporn Sirisampan (Ed.) Public Policy Analysis. BKK: Chulalongkorn University Press, 2011.
Trafiaek, J.; Laskowski, W.; and Kolanowski, W. The use of Kohonen's artificial neural networks for analyzing the
results of HACCP system declarative survey. Food Control 51 (2015): 263-269. http://www.researchgate.net/
profile/Joanna_Trafialek/publication/269697085_The_use_of_Kohonen%27s_artificial_neural_networks_for_a
nalyzing_the_results_of_HACCP_system_declarative_survey/links/5492cbd00cf209fc7e9f8061.pdf?inViewer=
true&disableCoverPage=true&origin=publication_detail
Valacich, J. and Schneider, C. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World. Essex: Pearson
Education, 2014.
W. Wen, W.K. Wang, C.H. Wang. A knowledge-based intelligent decision support system for national defense budget
planning. Expert Systems with Applications 28 (2005) 5566. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
[27]

doi=10.1.1.97.1049&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
Yu-Feng Ho and Hsiao-Lin Wang. Applying Fuzzy Delphi Method to Select the Variables of a Sustainable Urban System
Dynamics Model. The 26th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society July 20 24, 2008.
http://www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/2008/proceed/papers/HO311.pdf
Yu-Ju Lin, Chin-Sheng Huang, Che-Chern Lin. Determination of Insurance Policy Using Neural Networks and
Simplified Models with Factor Analysis Technique. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on INFORMATION
SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS. Issue 10, Volume 5, October 2008 http://www.wseas.us/e-library/transactions/
information/2008/28-131.pdf
[28]


Developing Guidelines for Community Health Impact Assessment in Thailand
. *
Dr.Surasak Buntian
..2550

7

1 2557 30 2558 Content Analysis

1. 1) 2) 3)
4)
2. 1) 2)
3) 4) 5)

3. 1 2) 3)
4. 1) 2) 3)

5. 7 1) 2)
3) 4) 5)
6) 7)
: , ,
; Email: lung2555@gmail.com
[29]

Abstract
National Health Act 2550 has provisions regarding health impact assessment as a process of social learning
together to analyze and predict the impact, both positive and negative health that may arise from. Policy, projects and
activities. In the past, guidelines and applied in more than seven years ago, but is still a lack of clarity in the process of
implementation. To Develop a systematic manner. The purpose is to study principles, the guidelines in the application
and the mechanism of practice patterns and processes. A qualitative study Gather information from relevant theories
Depth interview unstructured. Group Chat Workshop and public forum. On August 1, 2557 until September 30, 2558
were analyzed by Content Analysis summary is driven approach to assess the health impacts by the community.
1. Principles: 1) Democracy 2) Holistic Health 3) Participation and Empowerment. 4) Use evidence
appropriately.
2. The guidelines in the application: 1) The art of Driving Force powerfully. 2) To focus on health determinants
and consequences that cannot be recovered back. 3) The acceptance by all parties concerned. 4) Creates a rich choice 5)
Affect decisions in a meaningful and timely
3. The form of action: 1) Before (without any further action in the community). 2) In progress (Processing in
the Community). 3) Back (already finished).
4. Mechanisms: 1) Community Action itself 2) Community together with external agencies. 3) Community
together with all relevant sectors.
5. Process: seven steps.: 1) Preparation of the community. 2) Screening 3) Scoping issue 4) Assessment 5)
Public Reviewing 6) Decision making 7) Monitoring and Evaluation
Keyword: Impact Assessment, Health, Community

8

( ,
, 2554:11-12) (Health
[30]

Impact Assessment: HIA) 111 ... ..2550 ( ,
2555:4-5 ) 67 2 ..25503

( , 2553: 11)
...
..2553
(Environment Impact Assessment: EIA )
EIA HIA
(Environment and Health Impact Assessment: EHIA) ( , 2558:12)
EIA
EHIA EIA EHIA
(Carrying
Capacity) (Public
Hearing)

(
, 2558: 27)

( , 2555:6)
(HIA)

( , 2554:12 )
(.) HIA 4
1) HIA 67
..2550 2) HIA
1
3
..2550
..2557
[31]

3)
HIA . 11 ... 4) HIA
( , 2555: 6; , 2554: 91)
(Community-driven Health Impact Assessment: CHIA)
4 (.) CHIA

CHIA CHIA
(
, 2555:7; , 2556; , 2557; , 2555;
, 2557)
CHIA
(
, 2557)
CHIA

1
2557 30 2558
3 1 CHIA . 2557
2 CHIA
3 CHIA

[32]

1 3 1)
2)
3) 4)
1
4 3 12
2
2 1 40 4 4 ( ,/,
) 40 160
3 CHIA 15 4 3
/ 5
7 CHIA 1 5

5
1
, CHIA

2 CHIA

3 CHIA 1
4 1 4 2
5 2 CHIA

4
1.. , 2..
, 3..
, 4. , 5.
, 6. , 7.
,8. 9.
, 10. 11
, 11. , 12.
, 13.. , 14.
, 15. 9
5
. CHIA 2
[33]

CHIA
1. 4
1

2

3

4

2. 5
1 1) 2)
3) 4) 5)
6) 7) 8)
9) 10)
2

3

4
5

3. 3
1

2

[34]

3

4. 3
1
2

3

5. 7
1
1.1

1.2
( )

3
1
() 2
3
4 1

2
3 1)
2) 3) 4)
5)
4 1) 2)
3) 4)
2 1)

2) CHIA

[35]

1.3
,

1.4

2
2.1
CHIA
2.2 1)

2)
CHIA
2.3

2.4
CHIA
3
3.1

3.2 1)

2)
CHIA 3)

4)
5)
( )

3.3
[36]

3.4

4
4.1

4.2 (
)
1)

2)

( )
9 3)
6 1 3

4.3

4.4 4

5
5.1

6
(1) (2)
(3)
4)

[37]

5.2

5.3 /

5.4

6
6.1

6.2

1)
2)
3)

6.3 (
)
(MOU)
. .
6.4

7
7.1

7.2 2
[38]

1 1)
2)
3) 4)

2 1)
2)
3)

4)

5)
6)
7)
8)

7.3
/
After Action Review (AAR)
7.4

7

CHIA
(HIA) ..2550
..2550 11 (..2555 2559)

(National
[39]

Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2005.)

( 4 )
CHIA

CHIA ()

( , 2558: 27; ,2554: 108; , 2556; ,
2555; , 2557)
CHIA

CHIA

CHIA CHIA

(
, 2553: 8) CHIA
CHIA ( , 2557) 7
CHIA 4 7 ( , 2555: 7)
6 HIA8( , 2555:36-37)

7
7
1) 2) 3) 4)
8
1) Screening 2) Scoping 3) Appraisal 4)Public Reviewing 5)Decision making 6)Monitoring and Evaluation
[40]


CHIA

CHIA CHIA

( , 2557)

.
CHIA

( , 2554:108-109)

. (2556).
. .
.. .(2554). HIA
.(.)
. (2557).
10 - 14 2557
. .
[41]

. (2555). .HIA 15 .
.
. (2555). . : .
. (2557). CHIA 4
2557 ..
. (2555).
. : .
. (2558). (HIA) .
26 - 27 2558 . :
.
, . (2554).
11 (..2555 - 2559) . : .
. (2558).
CHIA. .
__________. (2555). 3. : .
__________. (2557). . .
, .
(2558).
26 - 27 2558 . :
.
. (2555). ..
. (2553).
. : .
. (2557). ,
.
. (2554). . 2. : .
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.HIA gateway: Policy Context for HIA 2005. www.publichealth.
nice.org.uk/page.aspx?0=503239.
[42]


Pattern of Smuggling and Measures to Preventing and Suppressing
the Smuggling of Vehicles to Escape Customs into the Kingdom of Thailand
*, . ** . ***
Police Captain Krit Kaewmeesri, Dr.Suppakorn Poonyarith and Dr.Piyaporn Tuneekul

2 10
1)
1.1)
1.2)
1.3)
1.4) 1.5)
12 10 2
2)
2.1)
2.2) 2.3)

2.4)
2.5)
2.6) 2.7)

2.8) 2.9)
*
; Email: krit.k2010@gmail.com

***

**
[43]

2.10)
2.11) 2.12)

: ,
Abstract
The objectives of this research are to study patterns, methods, and protective and suppressive measures to
prevent smuggling and the illegal trade of automobiles from foreign countries into Thailand. The population for this
research comprised of customs officers, land transport officers, police officers, excise department officers, and other
stakeholders in the illegal car trade. They were divided into two groups of five for in-depth interviews, which were used
to gather the data. After the data was collected, it was evaluated using the content analysis method. The results are as
follows; 1) Patterns, methods, and protective and suppressive measures to prevent smuggling and the illegal trade of
automobiles from foreign countries to Thailand consisted of 1.1) using false documentation when declaring the contents
of trailers at checkpoints. 1.2) Using unofficial border crossings such as canals, rivers, and mountain trails to smuggle
cars into Thailand. 1.3) Driving to Thailand posing as tourists then leaving the car in the country. 1.4) Smuggling parts of
cars into the country for reassembly later and 1.5) making false declarations on documentation about quantities of cars
being imported. 2) Recommended protective and suppressive measures against smuggling and the illegal trade of
automobiles from foreign countries into Thailand include 2.1) ensuring that the appropriate documentation is thoroughly
checked by law enforcement officers at checkpoints. 2.2) Applying the law more rigorously to catch offenders at borders.
2.3) Establishing an organization to monitor the smuggling and illegal trade of automobiles. 2.4) Negotiating
international legal agreements to prevent the smuggling and illegal trade of automobiles overland and across marine
boundaries with neighboring countries. 2.5) Criminal proceedings concerning the smuggling and illegal trade of
automobiles should be fast tract through the courts. 2.6) more check points should be built to further secure Thailands
land and marine borders. 2.7) Smuggling and the illegal trade of automobiles should become a higher priority for the
Royal Thai Police Department. 2.8) Imported cars should pass only through official land and marine border checkpoints.
2.9) Related government departments should coordinate by sharing data and information, which can be used to prevent
the smuggling and illegal trade of automobiles into Thailand. 2.10) A mechanism to investigate and prevent the bribery of
corrupt officers should be established. 2.11) Modern technology should be applied to the investigation of smuggling and
the illegal trade of automobiles to identify the patterns and behavior of the criminals and 2.12) new laws to deal with the
smuggling and the illegal trade of automobiles should be drafted, which include harsher penalties for those who commit
crimes of this nature.
[44]

Keyword: Forms of Smuggling, Prevention and Suppressing the Smuggling

()

( , 2541)

[45]

()

LAMBORGHINI AVENTADOR 65000 2012 19,400,000
TOYOTA HILUX 29,000
BENTLEY 7 , AUDI 4 , BMW 38 , LAMBORGHINI 2 , FERRARI 1 , JAGUAR 13 , MASERATI 1
, PORSCHE 12 , TOYOTA 31 , ASTON MARTIN 1 , LEXUS 6 , BENZ 64 , NISSAN 17 , MINI
2 PERODUA 2 , VOLKSWAGEN 10 , HYUNDAI 1 , HONDA 3 , MAZDA 8 , SUBARU 1 ,
MITSUBISHI 1 , SUZUKI 1 , ROVER 7 , CHVEVROLET 2 , AUSTIN 1 , CADILLAC 1 , ISUZU 1
, DAIMLER 1 , HINO 1 ( ; : http://www.socialprotect.com,
19 2557) 500
579 Porsche
11.8 579
25-26
Porsche 911 Turbo (RHD) 3800 CC 11,840,000 Bentley Continental
GT 6000 CC 7,700,000 BMW R1600 GT
872,000 337
( , 2558)
21 2556 1 40
35 5
(, 2558)
1)
2)
[46]

1)

2) 10
1.1) 2 1.2) 2 1.3) 2 1.4) 2
1.5) 2
5
3)
4)
1) 1.1)

1.2)

1.3)
1.4)
1.5)
12
10 2

( , 2541) 1)

2)

3)
[47]

(
, 2541) (
http://www.safety.co.th,14 2558) 1)
1.1)
1.2)
1.3)
1.4)

2) 2.1) 2.2)
3) 3.1)
3.2) (2543)
1)
36-45

1-3 2)

2)
2.1)
2.2)
2.3)

2.4) 2.5)

2.6) 2.7)
2.8)
2.9)
2.10)
2.11)
2.12)
2.13)

[48]


102

2 1

2
(Pursley, 1991
, 2553:65-66) (2542)
1)

2)

3)
4)

(2543)
7

[49]


1) 1.1)

1.2)
2) 2.1)

2.2)
. 2542.
. ,
.
. 2557. . [] : http://www.socialprotect.
com/, 19 2557.
__________ . [] : http://www.socialprotect.com/, 20 2558.
. 2558.
. [] :.http://www.safety.co.th, 14 2558.
. 2553. : . 1. : .
.
. 2543.
7. , .
. 2541. :
. .
. 2543. .
, .
[50]


Migrants Workers Problems in Responsibility
of Khokkroam Metropolitan Police Station Area
*
Police Captain Jakjrich Wiengsamut

112
10

: , , , ., ,
Abstract
This research has objectives to study about the problem situation of alien workers at responsible region of Khok
Khram police station. This study is a mixed-method research both qualitative and quantitative researches. Samples of this
study are 112 police officers are working at Khok Khram police station. The results of research found that Vietnamese
workers are mostly working for restaurants, hitchhiking at the restaurants and other happy places since they like making
up beautifully. Whereas Burmese and Cambodian alien workers, they can work every kinds of work without minding
*
; Email: nutsukae@hotmail.com
[51]

hard works. They mostly work for general employment and construction sites or factories and so forth. And Laos workers
work as housewives and employees at food restaurants. There are males more than females. Burmese and Laos workers
are much more than Vietnamese and Cambodian workers if comparing to each other since Myanmar and Laos locate
nearby Thailand. Besides this, there are also some workers come from other countries such as Cameroon, Russia, and
Middle East who come to work as professional footballers and so on.
There is no document that could notify in person and evidence to confirm the wrong-doers and so on. Those people think that
they agree with being victims of alien workers for having jobs in Thailand, in which their homelands are less economic and the jobs are not
paid well. Groups of samplings understand that resolution for alien workers problems in the responsible region of Khokkhram police station
must use good governance the most, in which the government should use the law for controlling the quantity of alien workers who come to
work unlawfully in controllable quantity.
Researcher suggests that police officers should watch over hot spots where cause the crime. This study found
that it happens at food restaurants, parking zones, residences, and construction sites where the crimes caused the most in
the region. Khok Khram police station sets the policy of police are the public servants by managing the volunteers from
the public in order to inform the news, allowance the public works as information volunteers to help filers complaint at
the police stations and should decentralize to practitioners, patrol police or police who working with the public.
Keywords: Migrants Workers Problems, Khokkhram Police Station, Burmese, Laos, Cambodia, Vietname
2555
1,133,851 940,000
193,320
68.28 34.01 2550-2560
40,000
344,334 30.37 328,384
28.96 290,673 25.64 139,958 12.34
30,502 2.69 ( , 2556)

12
1 ( ) 22
315
2557 1,064
[52]

( , 2557)

..2554
8,000
38 .
2 5 (, 2554)
..2555 (..)

157 16 163
(, 2556)

1.
2.
3.

157 99
58
112
.
[53]


2 10

(Questionnaire)

(Reliability)
30 .78

t-test One Way ANOVA

1.

.
2.

2.1

2.2

[54]


2.3

2.4
1
2
3

3.

3.1

..2556

3.2

3.3
2)

3)

4.

[55]

5.

(Proactive Crime Prevention)

( , 2553 30-40)

[56]

/
.
1

..2556

(Scanning) (Analysis) (Response)
(Assessment)

(2552)
[57]


2535-

4
4

. (Natural
Surveillance) . (Natural Access Control) . (Erritorial
Reinforcement). (Maintenance & Management) ( , 2553 30-40)

1.

2.

3.

4. (Decentralized)

[58]


, (2553)..... ... . : .
. (2558). . [ ] http://www.dailynews.co.th/@news, 16
2558.
. (2558). . [] http://www. patrolnews.net%39hotnews 16
2558.
. (2556). . 2556. :
,
.(2558). . [] http://www.siamrath.co.th/ web%#newsdaylive, 16
2558.
. (2552). .
.
[59]


2556
The Satisfaction of Public and Private Agency towards the Bachelor Degree Students in
Political Science of Kasetsart University, Graduating in the Academic Year 2013
. *
Assistant Professor Dr.Lalita Niphitprasart Soonthornvipart

35
2556

25-36

3

( 68.54) 3 1)
( 4.51 ) 2)
(4.49 ) 3) (4.43 )
(50.77) 3 1)
(4.46 ) 2) ( 4.43)
3) ( 4.37)
( 45.23) 3 1)
(4.32 ) 2) ( 4.29) 3)
( 4.26)
.
Assistant Professor , Department of Political Science and Public Administration , Faculty of Social Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand .
[60]

: , , , ,

Abstrsct
This research was a survey research and had the objective to study the public and private employer satisfaction
on their employees who were the graduated students in Political Sciences and Public Administration from Kasetsart
University in the academic year 2013. Population were 35 emplyees. Quetionnaires were Likerts rating scale and used to
collect data.Percentage,mean,and standard deviation were employed for data analysis by the statistical computer ready
made program.The research results showed that mosts of respondents were female and had 25-36 years old . They
worked at private companies and were front line managers .The employer satisfaction were 3 dimensions, personal
attributes, working behavior, and academic competence respectively. The satisfaction on employee personal attributes
were at high level (mean = 68.54) The personal skills were as follows: 1) honesty, appropriateness,amiable skill (mean =
4.51), 2)modesty(mean = 4.49), and 3) adaptable skill (mean = 4.43) The satisfaction on employee working behavior
were at high level (mean = 50.77). The working behavior were 1) cooperative, teamwork,hard working(mean = 4.46), 2)
regulatory compliance of organization(mean = 4.43),and 3)organization confidentiality(mean = 4.37). The satisfaction on
employee academic competences were at high level (mean = 45.23).They were as follows: 1)communication skilsl (mean
= 4.32), 2) analytical skills (mean = 4.29), and 3) basic computer skills and presentation (mean = 4.26).

..2517 ( )

2556
( )
2556

[61]


40 28

2556

5
AIS
Double A Isuzu Work Point 9
35
87.5

..2542 - 2557 3

2556 25-36 1

2556 ( )
..2554 1) 3

2) 3

(2540: 206-207)

[62]

( ,2545;
, 2545; , 2553; , 2554;
, 2555; , 2555; ,
2557)
..2545 ..2557

3
2

2555 (2557)

3

..2545 ..2555 (2545)

(2545) /

(2555)
(2554)

3

(2545) (2553) (2554) (2556)
(2557) /
[63]


1.

/

2.

1

. 2555. /
2553. Online.http://polsci.pn.psu.ac.th/qa/index.php?sa=55.
11 2558.
. 2554. /
2553. Online. http://plan.pbru.ac.th/hdetail.php?QSt=
F&QGroup=0. 11 2558.
. 2557.
2555.
Online. http://www.nrru.ac.th/web/qa/main.php?pack=data&page=menu9. 11 2558.
. 2557.
2555. Online. http://it.nation.ac.th/. 11 2558.
. 2555. .
2553. 9(9): 1-6
. 2545.
2540 - 2544. .
[64]

. 2553.

25 5 1 . Online.http://vuqa.vu.ac.th/cdsqa55/admin/index.php?modules=login&Page=2. 1 1
2558.
.2546.
. : ,
. 2540. . 3. :
.
. 2542. . .
. 2556.
2556 ( 1 2555 - 31 2556). Online. http://regis.skru
.ac.th/RegisWeb/webpage/user_bandit.php. 11 2558.
. 2545.
2542-2543. .
Keith, D 1967. Human relation at Work.The Dynamic of Organization Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Book
Company.
Oskamps, S. 1987.Applied Social Psychology. New Jersey: Prentice - Hall Inc.
[65]

:
Living in-between: The Distinctive Position of Shan Migrants in Thailand

Palinda Ramingwong
: , ,
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to seek the distinctive position of Shan migrants in Thailand which differs
from other migrants. This research employs the documentary research methodology. The result shows that the distinctive
position of Shan migrants in Thailand is derived from the categorization of migrants determined by the state authorities
that overlook their history, cultural context and the political conflict which pushed them to leave their homeland, Shan
state in Myanmar, and migrate to Thailand. Once they have crossed the border, they are categorized by the Thai
government as economic migrant workers who have a distinctive feature as in-between migrants which can be
distinguished in three different ways: that is, being in-between refugees and migrant workers; being in-between
temporary citizens and non-citizenship citizens; and being in-between family members of local Thai people and of alien
workers. Their in-betweenness position has arisen from the conventional categories of migrants based on the Thai state-
; Email: palindara@gmail.com
[66]

centred perspective which highlights national security and economic interests rather than other aspects of transnational
migrants. This problematic classification inevitably affects the responses and policy measures of the Thai government
towards these people.
Keywords: Shan migrants, Categories of migrants, In-betweenness
(Shan migrants)

(Grundy-Warr & Wong Siew Yin, 2002; Grundy-Warr, 2004;
Yasuda, 2008)
(Migration theory)
(Transnational) (Diaspora)

(Qualitative Research) (Documentary
Research)

:
(Shan state)
(Republic of the Union of Myanmar)
.. 1958
(Four Cuts policy)
.. 1968 (Yasuda, 2008; , 2542)

[67]


(Internal Displace Persons - IDPs)

800,000 - 1,000,000 (, 2556)

(Karen) (Karenni) (Mon)

- (Grundy-Warr, 2004: 244-245)

(Khun Sa)
(Mong Tai Army) (Shan Womens Action Network, 2003)

(Shan Human Rights Foundation, 1998, 2003)

:

(In-between)
(United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees - UNHCR)
(UNHCR, 2007)

(vulnerability)

[68]

(Refugees without a camp)
(SWAN, 2003)

(Valentine, 2001)
(UNHCR, 2013)

(Information Department of Shan Government, 2009:
135)

3 (
) ..2549

( , 2554)

()

(Eberhardt, 2006;
, 2551; , 2541)
[69]


(Transnational social space)
( )
(Amporn Jirattikorn, 2007; Yasuda,
2008; , 2550) (Shan diaspora)

(
, 2553)

(Asylum seekers)
(Van Hear, 2011)

[70]


. 2553. :
2520-2550. , .
. 2547. .
, .
. 2550.
. , .
. 2554. .
, .
. 2542. . : .
. 2556, 12 . . http://www.khonkhurtai.org (
13 2556).
. 2551. : .
,.
Amporn Jirattikorn. 2007. Living on Both Sides of the Border: Transnational Migrants, Pop Music and Nation of the
Shan in Thailand. Working Paper Series No.7, Resource Politics and Cultural Transformation in the Mekong
Region, Regional Centre for Social Science and Sustainable Development (RCSD), Faculty of Social Sciences,
Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Eberhardt, N. 2006. Imagining the Course of Life: Self-Transformation in a Shan Buddhist Community. Chiang
Mai: Silkworm Books.
Grundy-Warr, C. and Wong Siew Yin, E. 2002. Geographies of Displacement: the Karenni and the Shan across the
Myanmar-Thailand Border. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 23(1), 93-122.
Grundy-Warr, C. 2004. The Silence and Violence of Forced Migration: the Myanmar-Thailand Border. In Ananta, A.
and Arifin, E. N. (Eds.). International Migration in Southeast Asia (pp. 228-272). Singapore: Utopia Press
Pte Ltd.
Information Department of Shan Government, Federated Shan States. 2009. Shan States Gazette Vol.3/2009. Retrieved
July 15, 2013, from http://taigov.org/sgmagazine/government%20.gazette.pdf
Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF). 1998. Dispossessed: A Report on Forced Relocation and Extrajudicial
Killings in Shan State, Burma. Chiang Mai: Shan Human Right Foundation.
[71]

Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF). 2003. Charting the Exodus from Shan State: Patterns of Shan Refugee
Flow into Northern Chiang Mai Province of Thailand (1997-2002). Chiang Mai: Shan Human Rights
Foundation.
Shan Womens Action Network (SWAN). 2003. Shan Refugees: Dispelling the Myths. Chiang Mai: Shan Womens
Action Network.
United Nations High Commission for Refugee (UNHCR). 2007. Refugee Protection and International Migration.
Retrieved October, 15, 2013, from http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?
docid
United Nations High Commission for Refugee (UNHCR). 2013. Refugees. Retrieved October 15, 2013, from http://
www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c125.html
Valentine, G. 2001. Social Geographies: Space & Society. Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd.
Van Hear, N. 2011. Policy Primer Mixed Migration: Policy Challenges. The Migration Observatory at the
University of Oxford. Retrieved October 25, 2013, from http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk
Yasuda, S. 2008. Shan on the Move: Negotiating Identities Through Spatial Practices among Shan Cross-border
Migrants in Northern Thailand. Master of Arts (Sustainable Development), Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
[72]


The Influence of Service Quality toward Customer Loyalty with Using Restaurant
Services in Muang District, Chiang Mai Province
* ** . ***
Thunvarat Somsuk, Puroy Poonsuksanti and Dr.Ardchawin Jaikaew
(1)
(2)

278

:
Abstract
This quantitative study had the objectives to (1) study the quality of services, the value that customers received,
the satisfaction and loyalty of consumers, and (2) to determine the service quality that influences the loyalty of consumers
to the restaurant services in Muang district in Chiang Mai. The samples were composed of 278 consumers who used the
services of restaurants in Muang district, Chiang Ma province. The questionnaire was as a tool for data collection. The
descriptive statistics of percentage, mean, standard deviation were used for analysis. Moreover, the multiple correlations
*
; Email: Thunwa_mk@hotmai;.com

***
; Email: ardchawinjk@gmail.com
**
[73]

were applied with the Path Analysis technique. The results showed that all factors had the significance at the high level;
the satisfaction, the service quality, the value that customers received, the loyalty, respectively. The service quality had a
most direct influence on the value that customers received, the quality of services directly affected customer satisfaction.
Moreover, the value that customers received had the direct influence on loyalty and the satisfactory also directly
influenced on loyalty. Furthermore, the service quality had an indirect influence on loyalty. Indirectly through the value
customers received and indirectly through the satisfaction that defined loyalty as well
Keywords: Service Quality, Satisfaction, Consumer Loyalty with Using Restaurant Service

..2558

2558

(2558)
2558

[74]

375,000-385,000
4.0-6.8 2557 360,000

(Small and Medium Enterprise:

SME)

1.

2.

[75]

4 (1)
(2)
(3) 6
2558 (4)
(questionnaire)

1 400
90% 10% 278

1
3
1

2
(rating scale)
(Likert, 1970, p. 76) (interval scale)
Best (1977, p. 135)
3 (open-ended question)

1.
(Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry, 1988)

[76]

2. (rating scale) (Likert,
1970, p. 76)
3.

4. 30
(reliability of scales)
(alpha coefficient coefficient)
0.913
0.884 0.833
0.892

1.

2.

3.
- 2
4.

1.
2.
3. (Descriptive Statistics)

4. (Inferential statistic)

1 278 61.90
38.10 21-30 47.50 61.20
46.40 20,000 30.20
[77]

46.00 59.70 1-3
68.30 46.40
37.77 33.50 24.80 20.10
2

3.64

3.79, 3.67, 3.66, 3.63 3.50
3.63

(signature)
/ /
3.72, 3.71, 3.60, 3.60, 3.59 3.59
3.68

3.78, 3.70, 3.69, 3.69, 3.67 3.60
3.53

3.69 3.65 3.58 3.53 3.40 3.35

[78]


0.763
0.431
R2 = 0.582
R2 = 0.629
0.725
0.418
R2 = 0.525
1

0.763 R2 0.582
0.725 R2 0.525
0.431 R2 0.629
0.418 R2 0.629
0.323
0.303

(2554)

Parasuraman (1991)

(2548)

[79]


(2554: 139140) Parasuraman (1991)

/

(Signature)

[80]


. 2550. . : .
. 2539. . : (-).
. 2548. . . : .
, , . 2546. .
. .
. 2547. .. .: .
. 2548. . : .
. 2543 . 20(1): 45-48; .
. 2545. (High Quality Services), Maxpro Consultant.
. 2530. . : .
. 2547. - . . .
. 2541.
SERVQAL. . .
[81]


Effect of Trustworthiness and Product Quality Perception toward Repurchase Intention
of Halal Food of Consumers at Kunming District, Yunnan Province,
People of Republic China
Chen Jie * . **
Chen Jie and Dr.Thanakron Noithonglek

399

(0.692) (0.658)
(0.390)
: , , ,
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to descriptive study of trustworthiness, product quality perception and
repurchase intention of Halal food and to study the effect of trustworthiness and product quality perception toward
repurchase intention of Halal food at Kunming district. It was quantitative research with questionnaire as the research
tool. The sampling group was 399 believe in Islamic religion residents in Kunming city and data analysis with descriptive
statistics to find percentage, average, standard deviation and inferential statistics to analyze relationship path.
Trustworthiness, product quality perception and repurchase intention of Halal food were rated at high level on all factors
*
; Email: dragon_chen1988@hotmail.com
; Email: noithonglek@hotmail.com
**
[82]

(0.692). The analysis of trustworthiness effect revealed that it had the most direct effect toward product quality
perception (0.658), followed with product quality perception had overall effect toward repurchase intention and lastly
product quality perception had direct effect toward the repurchase intention (0.390).
Keyword: Trustworthiness, Product Quality Perception, Repurchase Intention, Halal Food

( , 2556: 2)
..2548
(Haram)

1.6
6,000,000 8,000,000 23
..2573 2.2
26.4 ( , 2550: 4)
(Halal food)

( , , 2542:
257)
[83]


(
, 2547: 4)
..2556 Chinas Muslim population research at present
146,922
1,100 3

70
500-1,000
(Zhang Peng, 2013: 1) 10
20
100,000
(Li Ziran, 2012: 2)

..2543 70

20,000
50,000 (Li Ziran, 2012: 3)

(Donglaishun)

(Li Ziran, 2012: 3)

[84]

1.
2.
146,922
Taro Yamane (1970) 399

(questionnaire)
3
1
2
(rating scale)
(Likert, 1970)
3

1.

2. (rating scale) (Likert, 1970:
76)
3.
4. (cntent validity)

[85]

5. (reliability) (try out)
30
(Cronbachs alpha coefficient)
6.

(questionnaire)

1.
2. ..
2558

(descriptive statistics) (inferential statistic)

1. (descriptive statistics) (percentage) (mean)
(standard deviation)
2. (inferential statistics) (Structural Equation
Model: SEM) PLS-Graph 3.0(Chin,2004)

1 (structure equation model)

0.692
R 0.479
0.388 R 0.479
0.390 R 0.512
[86]

1
TRUST = , PERCIVE QUALITY = ,
PURCHASE INTENSION =
1

0.479
DE
0.692
N/A
IE
0.000
N/A
TE
0.692
N/A

0.512
DE
0.388
0.390
IE
0.270
0.000
TE
0.658
0.390
1 PLS-Graph 3.0
0.692 R 0.479
0.658 R 0.512
0.658 R
0.479
0.390 R 0.512
[87]

2
H1
H2
H3

0.692
0.388
0.390
t-stat
3.494*
2.336*
9.681*
2
1 0.692
0.05
2 0.388
0.05
3
0.390 0.05

399 99.75

21-30 2,001 - 2,500

(1) (2)
(3)
(1)

Reina and Reina (1999)
(Communication Trust)

(2556,)

[88]


(2)

(2544)

2 1.
2.
2
(2554)

(3)

Zenithal,Berry and Parasuraman (1990)
4 1.

2.
3.

4.

[89]


1.

2.

. 2544. =General psychology (5 ). : .

. 2556.
.
.
. 2550. . : 1 2
___________. 2547 .. .1 -
[Online]Available: http://www.chs.ac.th/new/
weerawan/home.html [10 2557]
. 2554.

Reina, D. S. and Reina, M. L.. 1999. Trust and Betrayal in the Workplace: Building Effective in Your Organization.
San Francisco: Berrett Koehler.
Zhang Peng . 2013. Chinas Muslim Populatoon researd at present. Available: http://www.musilin.net.cn2010
020933958.html.
[90]


Attitude and Surrounding Person Effect toward Consumer Buying Behavior
of Green Tea Drinks at Muang Lampang District, Lampang Province
Fang Wang* . **
Fang Wang and Dr.Napawan Natpradit

13 384

0.05
:
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study level of attitude, surrounding person effect and consumer buying behavior of
green tea drinks at Muang Lampang district, Lampang province and to study the effect of attitude and surrounding person toward
the consumer buying behavior of green tea drinks at Muang Lampang district, Lampang province. The sampling group was 384
consumers with age of over 13 years old who bought green tea drinks at Muang Lampang district, Lampang province. It was survey
research with questionnaire as the research tool by applying descriptive statistics to find percentage, average, standard deviation
and inferential statistics to analyze relationship path The outcomes of research revealed that majority of respondents had
rated attitude, surrounding person effect and consumer buying behavior at high level on all factors. The outcomes of
*
; Email: wangfang_102@hotmail.com
; Email: nok_napawan@hotmail.com
**
[91]

structural equation analysis revealed that surrounding person the most effect toward consumer buying behavior, followed
by attitude had effect toward consumer buying behavior and attitude had effect toward consumer surrounding person at
statistical significance 0.05 level.
Keyword: Attitude, Surrounding Person Effect, Buying Behavior

() 2556
1 9.9
36.7 20.2 12.1 1.5
( , 2556)

7

[92]


1.

2.

2557 13 83,402
( , 2557)
13
384 13 83,402
(Krejcie and Morgan) ( , 2551: 132-133)

(questionnaire)
3
1
2

3

1.

[93]

2.
3.

4. (try-out)
30
5. (try-out)
(reliability analysis) (Cronbachs
coefficient of alpha) 0.70 (Nunnally, 1978, pp. 245-246)
(discriminant power) Item total correlation (Brennan, 1972:
289-303) 0.20
6.

(descriptive statistics) (inferential statistic)

1. (descriptive statistics) (percentage) (mean)
(standard deviation)
2. (inferential statistics) (Structural Equation Model:
SEM) Smart PLS (Ringle and Will, 2005, pp. 507-514)

1
261 68.68 15 - 20 154
40.53 /. 160 42.11 274
72.11 / 190 50.00 135 35.53
380 100.00 2-4
210 55.26 20 - 30 217
57.11
2 1

3.75 3.87 3.56
[94]

3 2

1
: Attitude= , Norm = , Behavior =
1 (structural equation model)

0.723
0.654
0.632
1
0.607
0.592
DE
IE
TE
0.632
0.124
0.756
DE
0.654
IE
0.000
IF
0.654
: IE = Total Effect, DE = Direct Effect, IE = Indirect Effect, N/A = Non Applicable
[95]

N/A
N/A
N/A
0.723
0.000
0.723

1

0.723 R 0.592
0.654 R 0.592
0.632 R 0.607
0.124
2
H1
H2
H3

0.632
0.654
0.723
t-stat
3.989*
4.895*
9.426*
2
1 0.632
0.05
2 0.654
0.05
3
0.723 0.05

(Theory of Reasoned Action: TRA)
Ajzen and Fishbein (1980)

(2558)

[96]


0.723
0.654 0.632
Bearden Netemeyer and Teel (1989)

Bandura (1977)

(2551)

0.05
(2557)
UHT
UHT

1.

1,000 600
500
2.

[97]


1.

2.

. 2548. .
, . .
. 2551. .
.
. 2558. .
.
. 2551. . : .
. 2557.
UHT .
.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. 1980. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, Albert. 1977. Social Lerning Theory. New Jersey: Prentice - Hall.
Brennan, R. L. 1972. A Generalized Upper - Lower Discrimination Index. Educational and Psychological
Measurement. 32: 289 - 303. Summer. New York: SAGE.
Bearden, William O., Richard G. Netemeyer, and Jesse E. Teel, Jr. 1989 "Measurement of Consumer Susceptibility to
Interpersonal Influence", Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (March), 473-481.
Likert, R. 1970. A Technique for The Measurement of Attitude. In G.F. Summer (Ed). Attitudes Measurement. New
York: Rand Mcnally.
Nunnally, J. C. 1978. Psychometric: Theory. (2 nd ed). New York: McGraw - Hill.
[98]


Effect of Expectation, Product and Service Quality on Souvenir Gifts toward
Customer Requirement Values of Chinese Tourists in Muang Lampang District,
Lampang Province
Yunzhou Li* . **
Yunzhou Li and Dr.Napawan Natpradit

379

0.05
: , ,
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study opinion level of expectation, product and service quality and
customer requirement values on souvenir gifts of Chinese tourists in Muang Lampang district, Lampang province, and to
study the effect of expectation, product and service quality toward customer requirement values of Chinese tourists in
Muang Lampang district, Lampang province. The sampling group was 379 Chinese tourists in Muang Lampang district,
Lampang province. It was survey research with questionnaire as research tool by applying descriptive statistics to find
percentage, average, standard deviation and inferential statistics to analyze relationship path. The outcomes of research
*
; Email: mon_mee107@hotmail.com
; Email: nok_napawan@hotmail.com
**
[99]

revealed that majority of respondents had expectation, product and service quality and customer requirement values at
high level on all factors. The outcomes of structural equation analysis revealed that product and service quality had most
effect toward customer requirement values, followed by expectation of customers had effect toward customer
requirement values and expectation of customers had effect toward product and service quality at statistical significance
0.05 level.
Keyword: Expectation, Product and Service Quality, Customer Requirement Values

2557
..2555-2557
2.7 , 4.6 4.6
105,944 188,913 200,658 (, 2557)

(
, 2558)

(
, 2544)

[100]


1.

2.

2557 23,182 (
, 2557)

379 23,182
(Krejcie and Morgan) ( , 2551: 132-133)

3
1
2

[101]

3

1.

2.
3.

4.
30
5.
(Cronbachs coefficient of alpha)
0.70 (Nunnally, 1978, pp. 245-246) (discriminant power)
Item total correlation (Brennan, 1972, pp. 289-303) 0.20
6.

1.
2. (Structural Equation Model: SEM)
PLS (Ringle and Will, 2005, pp. 507-514)
1 201
53.03 20 - 30 125 32.98 205
54.09 118 31.13 /
97 25.59 10,001 - 20,000 146
38.52 30,001 - 40,000 228
[102]

60.16 370 97.63
336 88.65
2 1

3.75 3.65 3.62
3 2

1
: Expectation = , Quality = , Value =
1

0.741 0.639
0.603
1
0.519
DE
0.603
N/A
IE
0.000
N/A

TE
0.603
N/A
0.570
DE
0.639
0.741
IE
0.120
0.000
TE
0.759
0.741
: TE = Total Effect, DE = Direct Effect, IE = Indirect Effect, N/A = Non Applicable
[103]

1

0.741 R 0.570
0.639 R 0.570
0.603 R 0.519

0.120
2
H1
H2
H3

0.603
0.741
0.639
t-stat
3.309*
4.219*
3.521*
2
1
0.603 0.05
2
0.741 0.05
3 0.639
0.05

(2546)

[104]

(2553)

The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)
Professor Claes Fornell (1992) ACSI 5 (Customer Satisfaction
ACSI)
(Perceive Quality) (Perceive Value) (Customer
Expectation) (Perceive Quality)
3
(Overall) (Customization)
(Reliability) (Perceived Value)

(Customer Expectation)
(Prior Consumption Experiences)

(2554)

[105]


1.

2.

1.
2.

. 2557. . [ ] . : http://www.tourism.go.th/home/
listcategory/11/217. [2558, 3, 17]
. 2554.
.

. 2544. . : .
. 2546. . :
. 2553. .
. 2551. . : .
Brennan, R. L. 1972. A Generalized Upper - Lower Discrimination Index. Educational and Psychological
Measurement. 32: 289 - 303. Summer. New York: SAGE.
Formell, Claes. 1992. A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience. Journal of Marketing,
56 (January), 6-21
Likert, R. 1970. A Technique for the Measurement of Attitude. In G.F. Summer (Ed). Attitudes Measurement. New
York: Rand Mcnally.
Nunnally, J. C. 1978. Psychometric: Theory. (2 nd ed). New York: McGraw - Hill.
[106]

The Improvement of Thai Long-Stay Law and Home-Stay Law

Professor Dr. Wanlop Rathachatranon*, Assistant Professor Dr.Chanchai Chitlaoarporn**, Dr.Skol Suksermsongchai***,
Juleab Choosuehueng**** and Piyanun Chankhaekla*****
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the improvement of Thai long-stay law and home-stay law. It used the
mixed methods technique by documentary research and survey research. The samples were government officials, tourist
entrepreneurs, and travelers in Bangkok, Chiangmai, Prachaubkirikhun, and Krabi. The research found that: 1) The
improvement of Thai long-stay law was the government should establish the Thai long-stay committees to create the Thai
long-stay strategies, to initiate the standard of the long-stay and to support and conduct the long-stay entrepreneurs. In
additions, the government should protect the latent unlawful tourism in this long-stay business. 2) The improvement of
Thai home-stay law was the government should initiate the policy and law about to support the tourist stay with the
home-stay, to support the suitable tourist identity communities to be the home-stay, to have promotion such as home-stay
directory, budget, strategy plans for the home-stay entrepreneurs. It should establish the province strategic committees to
support the home-stay entrepreneurs in each communities or provinces.
Keywords: Long-Stay Law, Home-Stay Law, Thai Tourism Industry
State of Problem
Tourism was the important revenue of many countries. Thailand was one of the greatest leaders in the tourist
industries of the world. The domestic and inbound tourism, Thai and foreign tourists, traveled more than 10 millions in
each year. Thailand had many kinds of tourist attractions such as natural places, cultural places, healthy improvement
centers, and so on. While many tourists went to everywhere in Thailand, they also got the excellent services by the Thai
tourist entrepreneurs such as travel agencies, restaurants and other accommodations. So, it found that many tourist could
go everywhere with happiness in Thailand.
On the other hands, tourism in Thailand had faced some problems about the business in the accommodation.
The home-stay was becoming boom in many regions because it could change their house to be the smallest hotel to
*
Faculty of Social Sciences, Kasetsart University

Faculty of Political Science, Rangsit University
***
The Academic Institute of Thai Research Development and Management
****
Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University
*****
The Academic Institute of Thai Research Development and Management
**
[107]

support the tourists and some of foreign tourists wanted to stay longer until they would like Thailand was the long-stay
because they accepted that everything in Thailand was cheap, Thai people were friendly, and good accommodation. If
considering widely, it would think that this was good for this country. But if considering deeply in the detail of the
problem, it would find that Thailand was losing some of capitals such as the tax revenue, good tourist image, community
resources, etc. because some of criminal businesses had concealed into the long-stay and home-stay. For examples, a
foreign pick pocket might disguise to be the foreign tourist to do his black business. Some Thai criminals might deceive
or cheat tourist foreigners. Some long-stay or home-stay entrepreneurs avoided to pay tax or cheated the clients.
Including the case of foreign businessman invested directly in Thai tourism industries that were wrong for the Thai law.
Therefore, this research aimed to study the improvement of Thai long-stay law and home-stay law. The finding
could help us to know how to find the best way to protect and to improve the long-stay and home-stay business of
Thailand.
Research Objective
This research aimed to study the improvement of Thai long-stay law and home-stay law.
Research Methodology
This research used the mixed methods technique. The qualitative research was the documentary research and
the quantitative was the survey research. The 200 samples were government officials, tourist entrepreneurs, and travelers
in Chiangmai, Prachaubkirikhun, and Krabi. They were random by accidental random technique. The stats were
percentage, means, and S.D. The analysis was the logical reasoning.
Research Result
The improvement of both laws involved directly to the Thai government. It had to accept the public hearing of
the entrepreneurs and the government officials. However, some argument reflected that the government should be
supporting the entrepreneurs more than conducting and controlling.
The important findings were:
1) The improvement of Thai long-stay law was the government should establish the Thai long-stay committees
to create the Thai long-stay strategies, to initiate the standard of the long-stay and to support and conduct the long-stay
entrepreneurs. In additions, the government should protect the latent unlawful tourism in this long-stay business.
2) The improvement of Thai home-stay law was the government should initiate the policy and law about to
support the tourist stay with the home-stay, to support the suitable tourist identity communities to be the home-stay, to
have promotion such as home-stay directory, budget, strategy plans for the home-stay entrepreneurs. It should establish
the province strategic committees to support the home-stay entrepreneurs in each communities or provinces.
[108]

The Discussion
The both laws were long-stay law and home-stay law should establish the committee to support and initiate the
standard of service, patterns of accommodation, and level of tax. This committee should have more authority to consider
issuing the permission for the entrepreneurs to do their business. Besides, the government should support to have the
strategic plan and information data base for long-stay and home-stay business, including the promotion about the
standard and security of these business. The findings were involved with the way to develop the long-stay and home-stay
of Queensland (2015) that made the tourist trust about the safety to stay in the accommodation and Loughborough
College (2014) that conduct the long-stay and home-stay had to be safety for foreigner, and also Agyeiwaah and
Akyeampong (2013) that showed the important of safety image had effected to the returning to the hotels of clients.
Suggestion
1. The government should support the long-stay and home-stay entrepreneurs had knowhow to improve their
business
2. The government should have strategic plan for the long-stay and home-stay business to improve the standard
of this industry
3. The government should establish the budget to loan with the cheapest interest for home-stay entrepreneurs to
improve their business.
4. The local government should have more roles to support the home-stay business of each community.
5. The government should establish the government organization or committee to response the both businesses
in the long run.
References
Agyeiwaah, E and Akyeampong, O. 2013. A Study of Home-Stay: Description of International Tourists Profile in
Kumasi, Ghana. IFRA Nigeria
Loughborough College. 2014. Homestay Handbook 2013-2014. http://docs.loucoll.ac.uk/Staff%20Documents/Student%
20Documents/Accommodation/Homestay%20Handbook%2013%2014%20%28Hosts%29.pdf
Queensland. 2015. Education Queensland International Risk Management Strategy for Homestay Providers. https://pbcshs.eq.edu.au
[109]


Research Promotion Guideline for the College of Government, Rangsit University
* **
Assistant Professor Thanaporn Sriyakul and Kittisak Jermsittiparsert

1)
2) 3)
4)
1)

2)

3)

4)

: / /
Abstract
Although research is the key mission of all the universities in Thailand as well as an important indicator for
relevant agencies assessment in education quality and for leading institutes world rankings of universities, the College
of Government of Rangsit University has not yet established any clear guideline in supporting and promoting internal
research. This institutional study thus has the main following objectives: 1) to analyze the context of research and
*
; Email: ajbamut@gmail.com
; Email: kittisak.j@rsu.ac.th
**
[110]

research development of the College of Government and Rangsit University; 2) to analyze the current situation by
considering both strengths and weaknesses; (3) to synthesize experiences of other institutions; and (4) to propose
directional plans which the College of Government can implement. After documentary research, covering both relevant
primary and secondary sources, the outcomes are as follows: 1) Rangsit Universitys support in both upstream and
downstream research has resulted in increasing number of research studies, but not all of the personnel have concrete
access to the research procedure. 2) Although Rangsit University has a system of research support as well as the
facilitative environment and institutional culture, other factors, such as research incentives, the personnels capacity, and
research environment, are quite limited and in turn hold back the number of research papers or outcomes in the College
of Government. 3) This problem does not only exist in the College of Government and Rangsit University, but it is found
that several institutions have produced research promotion guidelines in order to solve this problem. 4) The guideline
which the College of Government can implement is: in the short time, foster research incentives and research
environment; in the middle term, create conditions to support the publications of research outcomes; and in the long term,
establish a concrete research system and development plan.
Keywords: Research Promotion / College of Government, Rangsit University / World University Rankings
9
(.)
( ) (.) 4
Times Higher Education World University
Rankings (2014) 60 30
30
7.5 2 310

200 5 QS
World University Rankings (2014)
40 2011
1)
2) 3)
9

30 2.5
11

10 20
10
10
[111]

4)
- ..2557

12
(2557) 100,000
3
4 40 2553
64 77 2554 2555 90 2556

3 /

(
, 2557) ( (2557)) (
) (Rangsit Journal of Arts and Sciences (2557) Rangsit Journal of Social Sciences
and Humanities (2557)) /

( )
( ) (
, 2557)
/ 2556
32 ( 90
.. ,
1 )
12
2557
( 50 184) ( 82
40) ( 48) ( 92)
( 134) ( 142)
( 155) ( 173)
[112]

58 ( ,
1 ) 20 (
13 ) 42
( , 2557)

( 4 )
( 2: 1)
(2557)

(2557) . ( ), .. ( ),
() ()

..2553 ( ,
, )
1 ( 2.5 . ) 2
( 3.13 ) 5 ( 6.49
, ... , . , .
)
3 ( 3.33 , ..
.. ) ..2554 ..2555 ..2556 ( , 2557)
/ 2556
3 ( 9.38
.. ,
1 ) 4 (
6.90 1st International Conference on Security Studies 3 ,
, .... 1 )
1 ( 5 ... ) 6
( 14.29 .... 1
5 ) ( , 2557)
3

[113]


100,000
/
/
( )

()
(POL498)
10
13

/
..
2548

13

...
( 2) ..2550 3.8

(, 2557)
[114]


/ /

1.

4,000 , 1,500 3,000
, 1,000 , 2,000
, 7,000
3,000 30
4 ( , 2557)

400
(18,000 4 4,500 )
(
2,500 112,500 4 28,125
)
2.
(POL498)

( )
(
)
3,000 (
15 )
3.

[115]


30
( (2549)
(...) )

..
2553 25 100
. ( 121/2553 )

(
2557 50
184) 1 2547 : :
61.98: 19.69: 18.33 40: 35: 25

(
, 2547)

..2551 (
, 2551) 1) ( (15
) 1 ) 2) (
) 3) (
(. ) 3 ( 1 ) 6
1 (.)) 4) (
2 )
()

[116]

. 2551
(2557)

1.

/

/

(14 ..2557)
( 31 ..2557) (
30 ..2557) (.) ( 30
..2557) (
)

14
/

15

. (2557) 3
14
2558 . (2557)

( 1 2 3 5 )
15
2557
(.)...
Interdisciplinary
( , 2557)
[117]


(
) (

. 3 )

/ ()
(POL489)
16 17 18
19

20
, ,

21

A Comparative Study of the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Primary Education Management between
the Provincial Administrative Organization and the Office of the Basic Education Commission22
2.

/

(
Thai-Journal Citation Index Center: TCI)
16
( )
( )
18
( )
19
( )
20
(), ... ( )
21
(), , , ( )
22
. 15 ..2557 (), . , .
, , ( ) 3,183,975
17
[118]


5,000 ( , 2557)
30

( , 2557)
(2557)
23

/

/
24 /
, , Centre for Thai
Justice Research and Development, , Asian Forum on Business
Education Office of Research and Academic Services, National University of Laos 1st International Conference
on Security Studies 25 ..255725 3
,
Best Paper Award .
3.

26
23
2,000
20 ..2558 1st International Conference on Government and
Politics

25
.. ( ) ,
(), ( ), ..
. ( ), .. (
)
26

10
3 3
24
[119]

.
(2549)
2 1.75 (...)
1 4
/
. 3 75-100
( 121/2553 )

4

. 2549.
( 2549).
. 2557.

. 2551 . 12 ..2557.
www.arch.rmutp.ac.th/pdf/Q1521.pdf.
. 2557.
. : .
. 2557. 12 ..2557. www.rsu.ac.th/rsuconference.
. 2551. . :
.
..2548.
121/2553 .
. ... .
. 2557. 12 ..2557. isdc.rsu.ac.th/journal.
18 100
108,000 2
[120]

. 2557. 12 ..2557.
www.rsu-brain.com/
. 2557. 12 ..2557. www.rsu.ac.th/rri.
. 2557. 12 ..2557. www.trf.or.th.
. 2557. . 12 ..2557.
aps.mua.go.th.
. 2557. 12 ..2557. research.tu.ac.th.
. 2547.
. : .
Quacquarelli Symonds. 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014 from www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings.
Rangsit Journal of Arts and Sciences. 2557. 12 ..2557. www.rsu.ac.th/rjas.
Rangsit Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. 2557. 12 ..2557. rjsh.rsu.ac.th/
Times Higher Education World University Rankings. 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014 from www.timeshigher
education.co.uk/world-university-rankings/.
[121]

:
Liberty and Equality: Compatibility
*
Chanut Naktranun
Abstract
This article aims to clarify the relationship between liberty and equality, popular words used in politics. The
article will analyze whether liberty and equality are compatible with each other. The study suggests that they are
compatible with each other if the level of liberty is reduced to some extent. According to this view private property,
important notion of liberty, is at fault because private property brings inequality. The solution is to use the common
property to maintain the compatibility between liberty and equality. Another view that believes the compatibility suggests
that private property is wrong liberty in the first place because private property comes with the original appropriation.
The solution is to use the power of state, such as tax collecting power, to maintain the compatibility between liberty and
equality. This article will explain that those two views supporting the compatibility still have a problem because the
liberty, understood by those views, is questionable.
[122]

Keyword: Liberty, Equality, Private Property, Common Property, Original Appropriation
(freedom/liberty)
negative freedom
(freedom from obstacles)
Positive freedom (freedom to do) (Berlin, 2006)
2 3 (non-domination) (Swan,
2003) negative freedom
positive freedom concept Rule of law
rule of man
(domination)
(voluntary choices)
(presence of interference)
(capacity to interfere)
negative freedom
(absence of external obstacles)
(absence of internal obstacles)

(external obstacle)

external obstacle
[123]

external obstacle

Thomas Hobbes

(Skinner, 2006: 401)

effective freedom (Swift, 2006)
autonomy
autonomy VS autonomy
effective freedom
autonomy
autonomy effective freedom
autonomy autonomy

Thomas Hobbes
James Harrington Hobbes

Harrington /

Hobbes
Harrington
(Harrington, 1992)

Hardy Bouillon (Bouillon, 2003)
Bouillon Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes

Bouillon (coercion) (private
sphere)
(intentional interference intended effect)

[124]

()
private good (
)

Bouillon negative meta-decision

3

Bouillon
(object-decision) meta-decision
(either-or-choice) objectdecision meta-decision

(coercion)
1

( intended effect)
Bouillon meta-decision object-decision
object-decision
meta-decision
(positive meta-decision)
(negative meta-decision)

( ) artificial costs

negative meta-decision
Hardy Bouillon
(artificial interference) ( artificial
costs) negative meta-decision
negative meta decision

Matthew Kramer
[125]

100% 100%
(Kramer, 2002) Kramer particular freedom
overall freedom Particular freedom 100% 100% overall freedom
particular freedom
particular freedom
100 overall freedom
effective freedom particular freedom

VS
(freedom) (equality)

G.A. Cohen
(Cohen,
2006) Cohen Robert
Nozick (self-ownership)
Nozick

Nozick Nozick
(constrained helping) Nozick
(
) Nozick

Nozick
G.A. Cohen self-ownership

(
)
? Selfownership

self-ownership
Jean Jacques Rousseau private
[126]

property (common property)
private property
private property
Nozick private property
X
X
common
property
G.A. Cohen Nozick Cohen
private property

A
A A B A 1 B
6 A B B
A 5
6 1
B B
A private property
Nozick Cohen
B A B
A B
B A A
Nozick A B
(common ownership) Nozick private
property Cohen Nozick private property
common property () Cohen
Cohen common property property
Cohen
common property private property
A B ( ) A
B
B
B common property A
A B A
B Cohen
[127]

( A )
( A B ) B A
A
A 101 A
100 B 1 B A
Cohen A B A B
Cohen common ownership
private property common property
A
B A
B A A
Cohen Nozick
Cohen

Cohen
Cohen
A B A effective freedom
B A
101 B 1 101 B
effective freedom A autonomy A B
negative meta-decision B B
Cohen
autonomy
negative meta-decision
Max Dalton (Dalton,
2011)
Negative Freedom

Dalton Negative Freedom

? Dalton
( private property) ?

[128]

property

(ownership)

(private ownership) (common ownership)

original appropriation (Hoppe, 2010: 28)
private property

Dalton private property

private property (Dalton, 2011: 6) Dalton

Dalton
particular
freedom overall freedom
particular freedom
particular freedom

[129]


(1) autonomy (2)
negative meta-decision (3) overall freedom
Berlin, Isaiah. 2006. Two Concepts of Liberty. in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology. Robert E.
Goodin and Philip Pettit (eds.). Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 369-387.
Bouillon, Hardy. 2003. Breaking the circle: The definition of individual liberty Ethics & Politics 2003(2).
Cohen, G.A.. 2006. Are Freedom and Equality Compatible? in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology.
Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit (eds.). Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp.416-423.
Dalton, Max. 2011. Are Liberty and Equality Compatible? in Entry for Lloyd Davies prize 2011
Harrington, James. 1992. The Commonwealth of Oceana and a System of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Hoppe, Hans-Hermann. 2010. A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism. Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Kramer, Matthew H. 2002. Why Freedoms Do Not Exist by Degrees. Political Studies 50: 230-243.
Skinner, Quentin. 2006. A Third Concept of Liberty. in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology. Robert E.
Goodin and Philip Pettit (eds.). Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp.398-415.
Swan, Kyle. 2003.Three Concept of Political Liberty. Journal of Market and Morality 6(1): 117-142.
[130]

Articles

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Articles

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3-5 December 2015, Lane-Xang Hotel, Vientiane, Lao PDR.

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

Artificial Intelligence Application in Public Policy Analysis

Public Policy Analysis

Faculty of Social Sciences, Kasetsart University; Email: srirathg@gmail.com

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

AI and Its Application

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

AI for Public Policy Analysis

AI & policy analysis tools

Neural Networks and Cluster

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

AI & policy analysis tools

Neural Networks and time-series

Neural Networks and Expert

Genetic Algorithm in system

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

PERT and CPM

PERT and CPM

AI & policy analysis tools

Fuzzy logic in decision making

Fuzzy zero-base budgeting

Hierarchical Task Network

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

AI & policy analysis tools

Fuzzy logic and ex post costbenefit analysis

Application of fuzzy logic for the

Fuzzy zero-base budgeting

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

3rd ASEAN Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences