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  • NTC Gulf Arabic Dictionary Optimized PDF

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    Rubi Abi
    4K tayangan662 halaman
    1. The document provides definitions and explanations of Arabic terms related to family relations, body parts, places, and other concepts. 2. Key terms defined include names of ruling families in the UAE and Qatar, words for crying out in pain or regret, terms for people and humanity, and names for places like Asia, Ethiopia and Athens. 3. Additional terms explained relate to renting and leasing property, influences and effects, ruins and antiquities, and bribery. The document serves as a reference for understanding various Arabic vocabulary.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    Judul Asli

    NTC Gulf Arabic Dictionary Optimized.pdf

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    1. The document provides definitions and explanations of Arabic terms related to family relations, body parts, places, and other concepts. 2. Key terms defined include names of ruling families in the UAE and Qatar, words for crying out in pain or regret, terms for people and humanity, and names for places like Asia, Ethiopia and Athens. 3. Additional terms explained relate to renting and leasing property, influences and effects, ruins and antiquities, and bribery. The document serves as a reference for understanding various Arabic vocabulary.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    4K tayangan662 halaman

    NTC Gulf Arabic Dictionary Optimized PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    Rubi Abi
    1. The document provides definitions and explanations of Arabic terms related to family relations, body parts, places, and other concepts. 2. Key terms defined include names of ruling families in the UAE and Qatar, words for crying out in pain or regret, terms for people and humanity, and names for places like Asia, Ethiopia and Athens. 3. Additional terms explained relate to renting and leasing property, influences and effects, ruins and antiquities, and bribery. The document serves as a reference for understanding various Arabic vocabulary.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 662

    .

    ~I-.

    .)~

    'aab

    t I-.

    J I-.

    f'

    JT 'aal the family of. 0~ J1 'aa/


    nhayyaan the ruling family in the
    U.A.E. ~G J1 'aa/8aani the ruling
    family in Qatar. ~ J1 'aal xaliifa
    the ruling family in Bahrain.

    1. (exclamation) ouch! 2. cry

    of pain. ~ .J~ ~ .J 1 'aax rii/i


    rcawwirni. Oh, my foot hurts! 3. cry
    of regret. il..:! ~I ~~ ~ t 1 'aax cafa
    (Jiic 1-'ayyaam! Oh, the good old days!

    J I-.

    ~~ T 'aadam Adam. i:J1 Ls-! bani 'aadam


    human beings, people. -

    instrument.
    typewriter.

    JT 'aali

    the month of March.


    syn. v.JL. maaris.

    f' j I -. 'aazm
    ~ j T 'aazam (i j~ yaazam)
    1. to
    become. ~I -"._!~> ~l4.ll i j I 'aazam
    1-gaa(Ji huwa 1-xa~im.
    The judge
    became the enemy.

    ll.j (.)"' I -. 'aasyaa


    ~ T 'aasya Asia.

    4$ .J-:*MT 'aasyawi p. -yya, -yyiin. 1. an


    Asian.
    Asia.

    2. Asiatic, characteristic of

    ..; ~ I -. 'aasr
    JL.!;,T 'aasaar old boat, old house. var.

    ~lS'" 4....J1 'aa/a kaatba

    mechanical, mechanized.

    .J J I -. 'aalw

    __,JT 'aalo coli. potatoes. syn. rl.l)


    cafi willam, .b~ butaa{. s. -a.

    ..; I j I -. 'aaoaar
    )\~ T 'aaoaar

    'aala

    t.JT 'aa/a p ....::./~1 'aalaat instrument.


    Y-:--- y 4....J1 'aala muusiqiyya musical

    J I -. 'aadm

    -.s-~ Taadmi p. i:JIJi 'awaadim person,


    human beings. i:JIJi .:r.l 'ibin 'awaadim
    man of good family, well-bred man. f.
    ..,_..)1 'aadmiyya p. -aat.

    csaari. no known

    'aa/

    'aax

    t T 'aax

    r..?.J~

    plural.

    yT 'aab August (month). syn. ~i


    'agus{u,'l.

    csaar,

    u I -.

    'aanaa
    LiT 'aana I. var ~1 'aani, lii 'ana, ~i
    'ani. p. ~ ni/:zin, bl:zinna. J. -li1
    .!.1 r'i 'aana tal:zt 'amrak. I am at your
    service. ....:......i iJ \....j i 'aana w-inta you
    (m.s.) and I.
    ._,-il:_._. L...;1 'aana
    mistaanis. I am having a good time; I
    am comfortable.

    J l.j I -.

    'aayl

    ~T 'aayi/.

    ' .1
    ~

    1. motor oil. C.~ ;; }'!-..JI


    \..,..;
    ~ .r s-sayyaara ti/:ztaaj guuti

    'aayil. The car needs a can of motor


    oil. 2. petroleum .
    J~,.

    'bd

    ..l.!i 'abbad (~ yabbid) to last forever

    '

    be eternal. ~ ..~.>L.. mal)l)ad yabbid.


    No one lives forever. ~i 'abad (with
    neg.) never, not ever ~~ ~.) L.. ~i
    'abad ma daiseet 1-l)afiiz. I have
    never entered the office. ~; L.. ~ i
    ~.l"i 'abad ma ril)t 'amriika. I have
    never been to America. var. 1-L!i
    'abdon. 1-L!i o~ . . .,. . ~~ L....o ma 'asrab
    biira 'abdon. I never drink beer. l~i
    ~ . . .,. . ~ 'abdon muub hini. certainly
    not here, never here.

    "'""-!! 'abadi adj. eternal, everlasting.


    ~~i ~ l)ukum
    imprisonment.
    .J~-.

    'abadi

    life

    'br

    i ;-!! 'ibra p. A 'ibar. 1. needle. oA


    J 'ibra w-xee( needle and thread.
    2. injection, inoculation. or-1 ~.i>
    xaoeet 'ibra. I had an injection.

    ~.J ~-. 'brg

    J-t.J!l 'ibriig p. ~;~i 'abaariig pitcher


    (for water, of water). var.
    I,)M

    J ~ -.

    ~A

    'ibriij.

    'bls

    J!..o y.
    ..J;-lAj huwa miOil 'ibliis ma tigdarla.
    He is like the Devil; you cannot
    overcome him.
    p. U~i 'abaalsa
    devil. J jyJ ~ 'jl !JI~ oaak /- 'ibliis
    facwazni. That devil bothered me.
    ~J 'ibliis the Devil. L.. ~1

    .
    'u u-.

    'bn

    ~~ 'abban (~ yabbin) to eulogize a


    deceased person.
    ~u v.n. ta'biin eulogizing. ~ 0lS
    ~L:l1 ~ !) J.~IJ V"\j caanfii naas
    waaydiin ji l)ajlat t-ta'biin. There
    were a lot of people in the com-

    memorative ceremony (in honor of a


    deceased person).
    y

    'bn
    u u-.
    .
    ""' 'ibin p. "~i 'abnaa' 1. son. 2. one
    of, descendent of, member of. r.)i ~I
    'ibin 'aadam son of Adam; human
    being, man. ~~ J r.)i 1'-~i l..:.lS' killona
    'bnaa' 'aadam w-l)awwa. We are all
    the descendents of Adam and Eve.~~
    ..:_r-!1 'ibin 'ibin (with foil. n. or suff.
    pron.) grandson of. ..,J5" J-1 'ibin calb
    scoundrel, knave. J')b. J-1 'ibin l)alaal
    decent, respectable man . ..:r.l ...:.-.:.,. J}
    J'.>L>- tazawwajat 'ibin l)alaal. She
    married a good man. f. J')b. ~ bint
    l)alaal. ~i J-1 'ibin 'uxu (with foil. n.
    or suff. pron.) nephew, son of one's
    brother. ~~ ..:r.l 'ibin 'uxut nephew,
    son of one's sister. ~ J-1 'ibin bint
    grandson, son of one's daughter. ~~
    rl.r- 'ibin l)araam p. rl..r- .) ~ J wlaad
    l)araam illegitimate son, bastard;
    knave. (prov.) ~ ~J r~ ~ rl}-1 ~~
    ru V"UI 'ibn 1-l;zaraam Ia ynaam wala
    yxalli n-naas tnaam. A dog in the
    manger. Jl>- J-1 'ibin xaal cousin (m.),
    son of one's maternal uncle. f.~
    JL>- bint xaal. y _r J-1 'ibin carab an
    Arab. ~ ..:r.l 'ibin camm cousin (m.)
    son of one's paternal uncle.

    J~-. 'bw

    p. ""~i 'aabaa', ..:...4.i


    'abbahaat father. oy.i 'ubuu his father.
    !JJ-!i 'ubuuk your (m.s.) father. !.1 J-!i
    'ubuuc your (f.s.) father.'-? y.i 'ubuuya
    my father. (with foil. n. usually y. bu)
    ~ .J-! bu cafi Ali's father (a form of
    address for a married or a single man
    whose father's name is Ali). e:f-.J. y.i

    J-!f 'ubu

    3
    'ubu breejic partial paralysis that
    afflicts the top half of the body. y.i
    r--L>. 'ubu jaasim (cognomen for s.o.
    named Muhammad).~ y.i 'ubujinni
    (cognomen for a water snake). ~i
    ~ 'ubu jneeb kidney pain. y y.i
    'ubu /:tmayyir whooping cough. ~i
    J--#- 'ubu xaliil (cognomen for s.o.
    named Ibrahim). ~ y.i 'ubu xamiis
    (cognomen for a lion). (.$;r..j y.i 'ubu
    ziizi hippopotamus. !)1.>-..r-"' ..Hi 'ubu
    sar/:taan (cognomen for a fox). ~i
    o...\.i--- 'ubu sneeda (cognomen for s.o.
    named Rashid). ~ ~j 'ubu seef
    (cognomen for a kind of shark). y.i
    ~ 'ubu s/ax (epithet for s.o. who
    lies a lot). y~ .)--!i 'ubu shaab
    (cognomen for s.o. named Ahmad or
    Hamadi). ~ y.i 'ubu (bee/a (s.o. who
    beats the drum during the month of
    Ramadan to wake up people to eat the
    su/:tuur, a light meal before daybre8.k).
    ~ y.i 'ubu 9abi or bu 9abi capital city
    of the U.A.E. or the Emirate of Abu
    Dhabi. ~_r ~i 'ubu creek (s.o.
    named Mubarak). ~ ~i 'ubu
    cseekir (s.o. named Said). __,-':2....../~}1 y.i
    'ubu 1- 'abya9 island in Abu Dhabi
    whose old name is mgeetis. ~~ y.i
    'ubu li-/:t$een (cognomen for a fox).
    U".rJI ~i 'ubu t-cirs or U"_r J.l 'ibin
    cirs (name of a rat). (with the vocative
    particle 4ya) ~ 4yayuba! Father!

    66

    p.

    '()()

    'a()()a() (~ ya()()i()) II to furnish


    (a house, etc.) ~~~ ~ di 'a()()a()t
    beeti 1-yidiid. I furnished my new
    house.

    1!-Si

    I!.Jb- t'a()()a() V to be furnished.

    .!.lUi 'a()aa() furniture. ~L; ta'()ii()


    (v.n. from II ~i 'a()()a()) furnishing.
    .J 6

    p.

    '()r

    ;Ji 'a()()ar

    (}--!. ya()()ir) II I. to
    influence, have an effect (on s.o. or
    s.th). ~ ~i 'a()()ar catayya. He
    influenced me.
    2. to harm, be
    hazardous. ~.)I ~ ~ ~;y r.\A.:I,.I
    j-jigaayir ta99ir ca[a ta()()ir iil:t/:tiit
    bani 'aadam. Cigarettes are hazardous
    to people's health.
    --!

    ;u t'a()()ar

    b- V to be influenced

    affected by.

    '

    _,Ji 'a()ar p. J~l 'aaOaar 1. trace. lyl..o


    ~\J) ~i l_rS'; L.. J ~ maataw
    kil/ahum
    w-ma
    trikaw
    'a()ar
    waraahum. They all died and did not
    leave any trace. 2. (esp. p.) ruins,
    historical monuments, antiquities. .y
    JUI ~i 0 ..u.IJ J~l fli 'aa9aar waayid
    fl 'umm n-naar.
    There are many
    historical ruins in Umm al-Nar. or-b
    JG\11 daayrat 1-'aa()aar the department
    of antiquities.

    r.? )i 'a()ari adj. historical, ancient.


    _p-i& ta'9iir (v.n. from ~i 'a()Oar)
    influence, effect. _r-J\.; l.$i .U L.. rna Ia
    'ayya ta'()iir.
    effect.

    JJL...

    It does not have any

    ma'()uur

    traditional. JYL.
    traditional saying.

    handed down
    J_,.j goo/ ma'()uu;

    ;Jj.a mu'()()ir (act. part. of 'a()()ar)


    moving, touching. ~ _;.. ~"'j.S kalaam
    mu'a()()ir moving words.

    _r.Le ma'juur bribed, bought.

    ~~ 'aOiir ether.
    II) (j 0

    p.

    'Oynaa

    r y

    p. -iin landlord, lessor.


    ..:;_JI J .r y Jll ~ huwa lli m'ajjirni
    !-beet. He is the one who leased the
    house to me.

    Lo.;i 'aOiina Athens.


    I (j ~ .J (j 0
    l:!~l

    p.

    'Oywbyaa

    'iOyoobya Ethiopia.

    P.

    j':i .~ ~ J..l....A:! L...

    .ri

    'ajir , 1. reward, recompense.


    1-'ajir ca[a {{a. God
    rewards people. yi~IJ _r>.- '11 !- 'ajir
    w-e-eawaab reward for good deeds.
    2. p. JJ-"'"j 'ujuur expenses, wages.
    _ri.---)1 J_,...._,.,.i 'ujuur s-safar travel
    expenses; the coolie's wages. JJ-"'"j
    J_,.(ll 'ujuur 1-kuuli.
    ~I ~~')II

    .)4:) 'iijaar rent money, rental. How


    much is the rent? J~~~ J>- ~ \..i~
    cindana beet l:zagg 1-'iijaar. We have a
    house for rent.

    _rWI ~~~

    yl:za$$il igga. laazim yidjac cmuula.


    Now, a tenant cannot find an
    apartment. He has to pay a broker's
    fee.

    _r.i 'ajjar (fiyajjir) II I. to rent, hire:

    _r.-\r t'aJjar V to be rented . ..:.> .r~ ~WI


    li-bnaaya t'ajjarat. The building was
    rented.

    ten~nt, lessee.

    ~.rs- c!~ oall:ziin 1-mista'jir rna yigdar

    'jr

    lease a house, an apartment, etc . .J _rl


    ~ 'ajjarla sigga. He rented a~
    apartment. ..::........:jy.:> ~;.) ~ <L.l_rl
    'ajjarla sigga w-difac dippozeet. He
    rented an apartment and paid a
    deposit. 2. to rent. Js- Jll 4,1 .ri
    ~/ ';1 p.A.-]1 ._;-> J:,..-JI 'ajjar !-beet
    iili ca[a s-siif l:zagg s-sajiir 1-'amriiki.
    He rented the house on the beach to
    the American Ambassador.

    m'ajjir

    _r.-t:...... mista'jir p. -iin.

    ~~l 'iOyoobi
    p. -yyiin . . 1. an
    Ethiopian.
    2. charactenst1c of
    Ethiopia.
    ..) [

    Jy.

    ..!.>.
    xaf!a ywalli haaoa
    waal:zid ma'juur. Don't pay attention
    to him; he is in the pay of someone.

    ~y.L ~~J I..U.

    ~
    a.,r
    .J(j UP.
    vy

    J[

    p.

    'jl
    ~i 'ajjal (~yajjil) II to postpone.
    ~\J,.I L.-11 Jl _)..--!1 L....:l,.l 'ajjalna
    s-safar 'ila s-sana 1-yaaya.
    We
    postponed our travel till next year. ':)
    _f~ ~ ...:.L.W- J>-- y Ia t'ajjil camalak
    l:zagg baaCir. Do not postpone your
    work until tomorrow. J.-..>--i ~~ _~-J...
    (,.)UI ~I Jl ~..UI mudiir !-bank
    'ajjal d-dajca 'ila s-sahar 1-yaay. The
    bank manager deferred the payment
    till next month .

    j;o:-W t'ajjal V to be postponed.


    t..~) ~ Y- --~ J>--~ J\..::....:;....':/1 li-mtibaan
    t'ajjal f:zagg yoom r-rubuuc.
    The
    examination
    was postponed till
    Wednesday.

    J...,:.:-'1 li-'ajil usually. j.:>:-':/ lajil. 1. for


    the sake of. ~;.~ j...>--':/ ~ ycamil
    lajil blaada. He works for the sake of

    his country.

    2. in order to, so that.

    JS1 J.:-:-':/ ..::...:>- J ribt lajil 'aakil.


    in order to eat.

    I went
    3. because of. j.>:- 'j

    "--:J _,.s:J1 .._;.:.;:,

    l.lA /ajil haaoa ma


    nigdar nfannis 1-kuu/iyya. Because of
    this, we cannot lay off the coolies.

    JS'

    ~~ 'ajal.

    1. instant of death.
    Jll ~ ......ki -L>-IJ kill waal:zid 'ajala
    Everyone's life is in
    b-yadd affa.
    God's hands.

    ~u ta'jiil (v.n. of II J>.-i 'ajjal) to


    postpone . ..:_r-:!j .?~ ._;.>- J=>.-WI t-ta'jiil
    hagg baaCir zeen. Postponement until
    tomorrow is good.

    J>.-i

    ~_;.. mu'ajjal (p.p. ofll


    'ajjal)
    1. postponed. j>.- y ~}II /i-jtimaac
    mu 'ajja/.
    The meeting has been
    postponed. 2. sum of money paid to a
    woman in the event of divorce. J>.- _;11
    ~ J;) J ..,r.L- 1-mu'ajja/ malyoon dirhim.
    The mu'ajjal is one million dirhams.

    Jc~ 'l:zd

    ~~ 'al:zad. See under ..1 C.J wl:zd.


    c~

    x-

    ti

    'ax p. Jly=-! 'ixwaan. usually y=-i


    'uxu p. Jl)'-""! 'ixwaan brother. .!.\ y>-i
    'uxuuk your (m.s.) brother. .!.\ ~i
    'uxuuc your (f.s.) brother. '-? ~i
    'uxuuy, 'uxuuya (for construct state,
    see .JC,. xw.
    ut~

    This car is the same as that one.

    J..lA; L..

    xt

    ~~ 'uxut p. ..:...\y xawaat I. sister.

    ~ ~ vJ.J..__,J ~~ 'uxti tidris


    mumarri(Ja. My sister is studying to be
    a nurse. 2. (polite form of addressing
    a woman of approximately the same
    age). ~...:.-,..;.:.~I r-'i y su 'asim 1-luxut?
    What is your name, sister? 3. (with
    inanimate n.) the same as. o}-:-ll oh
    ~.) ...:....>-i haaoi s-sayyaara 'uxut oiic.

    jt~

    xo

    ~~ 'axao (.b:.~ yaaxio, yaaxuo)


    usually ..L:.:. xao, conjugated like Form
    I doubled verb. ~,b:. xaoeet I took.
    1. to take s.o. or s.th. J _,....JI "-=:!.b:.
    xaoeeta s-suug. I took him to the
    market. _,.;)1 .b:.Li L...:..L:,:. xa/na naaxio
    1-mootar. Let's take the car. 2. to take
    s.o. or s.th. along. lf~IJ .!.\.l...,.:. TC":!IJ
    raayil:z 'aaxoak wiyyaay. I am going to
    take you with me. 3. to get, obtain
    ~) ~ ~ ~,b:. xaoeet l:zguugi
    w-fannast.
    I took my due and
    resigned. ~~ ~;) J d-f-.;.JI ~,b:.
    xaoeet s-sahaada w-dasseet /-jed. I
    took my diploma and enlisted in the
    military. 4. to accept, take. Js- .b:.
    0 _).L,.:. xao Ca/a xaatra.
    He took it
    personally. ~ 'J' J .b:.L: 'J' laa yaaxio
    wala ycati. He doesn't give and take.
    5. to take, require. ~jy.;) ~ IJ.b:.
    xaou calayya deppoozeet.
    They
    required a deposit from me. 0\.:....:.. }II
    ~L__., j___,.:. 1-mti/:zaan xao saacteen.
    The examination took two hours. 6. to
    rank. 4A--"' -::...>~ Js- JJ~\ -:..>.b:. xaoat
    1- 'uula cala banaat $ajha. She ranked
    first among her classmates. 7. to
    occupy. J/11 ......L..-,a.ll .l...,.:. J ~U. ,_;.;)
    diss hall:ziin w-xio $-$aff 1- 'awwal.
    Enter now and take the front row. 8.
    to engage in, take. ~ ~ ~ leen
    yniss yitsabbal:z. When he gets up, he
    takes a bath. 9. to take up (a position,
    pose, etc.) J ~ ._}:} .o.....;... lf J~ ~,b:.

    xaoeet l:zaoari minna linna batraa/. I


    was on my guard against him because
    he was a bad person. 10. to surprise,

    get the better of. .j.b=- xaoni He took


    me by surprise. 11. (with U"IJ raas) to
    behead s.o. U"IJ IJ..i..._.,.:.l p1 JU
    t_,_..kll gaa/ s-seex 'ixou raas
    /i-m{awwac. The ruler said, "Cut off
    the holy man's head."

    Uljl" waaxao III to blame. o.b:-1_,.; '1


    ~W... ~ faa twaaxoa bacda yaahi/.
    Don't blame him; he is still a young
    boy.

    U _,;I nwaxao VII 1. to be taken. .J.S'


    ...L.:. _,;1 ki//a nwaxao. It was all taken.
    2. to be stolen. ...L.:..fl ~}I 1-mootar
    nwaxao. The car was stolen . .b:-r.. Lo
    ma yinwixio cannot be taken, is not fit
    to be taken. l..o..:,.-ll ...L.:.r.. L.. ~U:-1
    1-yaahi/ ma yinwixio s-siinama. A
    child should not be taken to the
    cinema. ..i..._.,.:.r.. Lo ..l.W I..L... haaoa
    These are
    tamaat ma yinwixio.
    tomatoes that cannot be taken (i.e.
    bought).
    a l ttaxao VIII I. to take as, use as.
    "-!Y. $1 ttaxao gyaaba cuiJur. He
    used his absence as an excuse. 2.
    (with y b-) to adopt, take . .;.-..i....il
    ..,_;L......,. \11 ~ )..,J 4.....}J-1 ttaxaoat
    1-f:zukuuma garaar b-tasjiir 1-'ayaanib.
    The government took a decision to
    deport the foreigners.
    J~

    ui 'axo (v.n. from .b:.i 'axao) taking,


    receiving. ~J) .b:-i 'axo w-radd, or .b:.i
    ~) 'axo w-cata give and take.
    o..l_:,;.lj.o mu'aaxaoa censure, blame.

    "--..)..ji ~~J .o.L..,.:.i_y 0)~ b-duun


    mu'aaxoa. raayif:z 'agu{{a. No offense,
    I am going to throw it away.

    .J

    t _.

    'xr
    ~~ 'axxar II l. to delay, hold up.
    ..L.....-IJ ~ .rd 'axxarni waayid. He
    delayed me for a long time . ...,.}All .r'"j
    ~I .r"'"T J! 'axxar li-j/uus 'ila 'aaxir

    s-sahar. He held up the money until


    the end of the month. 2. to postpone.
    .:>~'11 .r>-i 'axxar /i-mtil;laan. He
    postponed the exam. J! .k.J.I .r'" y ")
    r_,...,11 ........:. _). _?~ Ia t'axxir 1-xa{( 'ila
    baatir. tarrsa 1-yoom. Do not put off
    the letter until tomorrow. Send it
    today.

    _r:-L;

    t'axxar

    1. to be late . ..:... .r'"i;

    o_r-L...kll t'axxarat t-taayra. The plane


    was late. 2. to get late . ..:.....r'"i; L,;..UI
    d-dinya t'axxarat. It has gotten late. 3.
    (with ~ cala) to come late to s.o.
    ..!.L...:,Js. .;...f""i; . .j....6 mit'assif t'axxart
    caleek. I am sorry. I came late to (see)
    you. 4. (with of can) to fall behind.
    "-A.!J of .f""\; t'axxar can rabca. He fell
    behind his group.

    .J""'"T 'aaxir

    p . .r>-IJi 'awaaxir. I. the


    last part, portion of. ci._;. JL,u _,..>-i
    'aaxir rayyaal si.fta. the last man I saw .
    ~I ..f""i 'aaxir s-sahar the last part of
    the month. l? ~~ .r>-l)i 'awaaxir
    li-~firi. the last part of Autumn. 2.
    last, final. r-"'J~ ~ ..l.L...b.JI :(YS' / i
    ~)I 'aaxir kalaam: t-tamaat xamsa
    dirhim r-rubca. The last word (i.e.,
    the final price): tomatoes are five
    dirhams per rubca. 3. latest, most
    recent. ~~ y _,...>- i 'aaxir modeel the
    latest model. ~ L... J Ju ~ .r'"i
    'aaxir sayy ga/-li ma yibga
    ycarris. Finally, he told me he did not
    J' ~

    want to get married.

    4. (with Lo ma)

    7
    L.. _,>-1 'aaxir-ma the last that. _,>- T ..J )~
    ,J-J c.$J....:.&. L.. ooola 'aaxir-ma
    c;ndi min kanaadir. These are the last
    men's dresses (dishdashes) I have.
    o~ \11 /- 'aaxra the hereafter, as
    opposed to l,:;..U1 'id-dunya this world.
    ).)L....;S""

    ..e--""U

    ta'xiir (v.n. from .r>-i 'axxar)


    delay, postponement.

    _;-:;._;.. m(u)'axxar
    (p.p. from .r>-i
    'axxar)
    I. delayed, postponed.
    _,>- y t_ \...::>. ~1/-'ijtimaac m'axxar. The
    meeting has been postponed. 2. (as n.)
    sum of money paid to a divorced wife.

    _r6

    mit'axxir (act. part. from _,>-\.;


    t'axxar) p. -iin. 1. having come late.
    _,>L ~ yiit mit'axxir. I came late.
    2.late, delayed. o_,>~ o;L...JJ1
    !-!ayyaara mit'axxra. The plane is
    delayed. o_,>L.:l.1 J1..t..._4}1 1-bi/daan
    the
    underdeveloped
    1-mit'axxra
    countries.

    ~ t ~

    'x!b!

    j, _#i 'axtabuut p. -aat. octopus.

    Jt~ 'xw

    ,_,.i 'uxu, _r> xu p. J!yl 'ixwaan.

    I.
    brother. !l_,_......~:.i 'xuuk your (m.s.)
    brother. !l_,.........,.,.! 'uxuuc your (f.s.)
    brother. c.$_r>-i 'uxuuy, 'uxxuuya my
    brother. 2. fellow, friend. if'"i l:! ya
    'axi, c.$ .J--> 4 ya xuuya my dear friend.
    ~1 J1_r>- 'i1 1-'ixwaan 1-mus/imiin
    (society of) the Muslim Brotherhood.
    3. like, the same as. (prov.) y- ~
    J':>l.! cambar xu blaal. Anbar is Bilal's
    brother = Two peas in a pod. f . ..:....;.:.i
    'uxut p . ..:..1_r>- xawaat. see under

    .::.e:-. 'xt.

    .s ~

    'db

    "'=".)i 'addab II 1. to teach manners,


    teach a lesson. ~~ J .J!.)Y- ';I) y';1
    1-'ubu w-1-'umm y'addbuun cyaa/hum.
    The parents teach their kids manners.
    2. to punish. ~.)i tl. ~1 s-sirta
    'addabattum.
    The police punished
    them.

    "'=".)t; t'addab V to be, become polite.


    y.)l; tl. ~1 o_,..> j L.. ~ cugub-ma
    zaxxoo s-sirta t'addab. He became
    polite after the police arrested him.

    "'=".)i 'adab

    p. y1.)1 'aadaab
    I.
    literature ~....,.,.)i J'JJ; tidris 'adab? Are
    you studying literature. yb\11 ~
    ( _,...lJI) kul/iyyat /-'aadaab W-f-cufuum.
    the College of Arts and Sciences. 2.
    manners. y.)i !l~ \.... !..!.J.,..b- ..!.L;. sikk
    }J.aljak! ma cindak 'adab! Shut up!
    You have no manners.
    ~.)i 'adiib p. "~.)i 'udaba man of
    letters. ~I "~.)i ~ jamciyyat
    'udaba 1-xa/iij The Society of the Gulf
    Aut.~ors.

    '-:-"'!.~t; ta'diib (v.n. from y.)i 'addab)


    disciplinary punishment. ~.)UI o_r-1.)
    daayrat t-ta'diib. The Department of
    Discipline.
    ~.)Ui ..,-J.s; maj/is
    t-ta'diib disciplinary board.

    ""=".) j--o m'addab p. -iin. (p.p. of


    'addab)
    up.

    y.)i

    well behaved, well brought

    .J .S ~ 'dr
    Jl.)f 'adaar

    p. -aat radar. J_,.>- :r-

    ;b\1~ ....AlL.%1.1 yzixxuun li-mxaa/if


    b-1-'adaar. They catch the violator by
    radar.

    t" ~-. 'dm


    ~~ T 'aadmi see under f' .l I,. 'adm.

    'dw

    _,~-.

    ' I~-.
    .

    il~i 'adaa
    p. ..:.JIJ.)i 'adawaat tool,
    instrument. ._,.. ~~ ..:...\J.)i 'adawaat
    /-barb war tools, war materiel.

    'oaa

    I.)J 'ioa syn. _,.J .:>IS' .:>IS' .J! ncaan caan


    /oo 1. if ~
    I~! 'ioa riht
    sa/lim cafee. If you go, give him my
    regards. (prov.) .:.#
    Jpll J.r. I~!
    !.I.;~ 'ioa barag 1-barg taafic ceen
    Ooorak. lit., "If lightning strikes, look
    your bull in the eye." =Look before
    you leap. (prov.) _,.6- ~.; ..:..-. I~!
    ~ ili"w '1 'ioa cift rifiijak bilu Ia
    taakla ki/la. lit. "If you think your
    friend is sweet, do not eat him up all at
    once." = Do not use up all of your
    credit at once. 2. whether, if. ~ I~J
    ...l...>-IJ ili" ~ L... _,J 'ioa tsiir loo ma
    tsiir killa waa~1id. Whether you go or
    not it's the same.

    rL -:.,. ,. . ;

    tllk

    'I'
    I~-.

    'oaa
    'ioan (informal j:-"' cayal) therefore.
    See j:-"' cayal under J ':it cyl.
    I.)J

    .; j-. 'or
    ~ .).)! 'iora see under ':i .J ,j ory.

    uj-.

    'on
    ~J.)i 'aoan (.J~ yiioan) to give
    permission (to do s.th.) J~i
    _r
    _;..)i huwa 1/i 'aoan-li 'adiss. He is the
    one who gave me permission to enter.

    JJI

    ~J.)i 'aooan II (J~ yaooin) var. J~ J


    waooan to call to prayer. ~I J~i

    'aooan (J-(Juhur The muezzin called to


    the noon-time prayer.
    l).)b....,.,l sta'oan X to ask permission (to
    do s.th.) .i'->...UI c_J) ..:.,..j~\.:...1 sta'oant
    'aruub d-daxtar. I asked permission to
    go to the doctor. ._;..;; '1 ~ J~L j'l
    /aazim tista'oin gabi/-la d-diss. You
    must ask permission before you enter.

    ~J.)J 'ioin permission . ..11 J~l:-1 b-'ion


    1-laah with God's permission, God
    willing.

    c.';

    IJ.)J 'ioin p. J J~l 'iouun (f.) ear.


    J~ .i'->...UI raab d-daxtar
    li'an 'iouuna twa.Y.Yca. He went to the
    doctor because his ears hurt him.

    ............., y .._; J~l

    IJI.)i 'aoaan call to prayer. ..:..,_;J \....,.


    Jl~~l ya wagt 1-'aoaan. The time for
    the call to prayer has come.

    'i j-.

    'oy

    ~.)i 'aooa II (<:?~~ y'aoot) 1. to hurt,


    harm. \.j J~4 J y.~ ljiS' caanaw yabuun
    y'aoouuna. They wanted to hurt us. '1
    ~J <,?~G Ia t'aooi rabcak Do not hurt
    your people. 2. to annoy. o~I ~~
    ~~i talabaata 1-kaOiira 'aooatni. His
    ~any requests annoyed me. 3. to
    molest. ~~ <:?~G 'lla t'aooi cyaalak.
    Do not molest your kids.

    ~.)U t'aooa V 1. to be hurt, suffer.


    ~...UI .fA ..L>.-IJ ~~G t'aooeet waayid
    min d-dacma. I was hurt a lot because
    of the car accident. 2. to feel hurt.
    fr:l-1 ll.t. .:r ..1.>.-IJ ~~G t'aooeet waayid
    min haaoa 1-xabar. I felt hurt because
    of this news item.

    ~.)i 'aoa 1. harm. (prov.) L. LS~~~


    ~4 'll ~ 1-'aoa ma ybiit 'ilia

    9
    building, ground on which a building
    stands, foundation. y ~ J-- .J ~ .J ~I
    ~j 1-'ar(Jiyya rami/ muub zeena. The
    foundation (of the building) is sand; it
    is not good.

    b-'ahla. Harm destroys only its doers.


    2. annoyance, irritation. c..S~i -..;... ./.: Lo
    ma yaji minna 'aoa. He does not
    annoy anyone.

    }J ~ .J P. 'rtwz

    ':F ji_Jo-J)!

    'irtiwaazi (adj.) artesian.


    artesian well.

    6.; P.

    'r()

    ..!.I)! 'ir() see under O.;.J wr().


    4.J J .J P. 'rdn
    i.J::.)'i1 1-'ardun Jordan. 0~.J~1 ~ nahr
    1-'ardun the River Jordan. 0~ .J ~I J _,.;.
    sarg 1-'ardun Transjordan.

    ~::,) 'arduni p. ~~) 'arduniin p.


    -yyiin I. A Jordanian . .:r" ~~) r
    0~ huwa 'arduni min cammaan. He
    is a Jordanian from Amman.
    2.
    characteristic of Jordan. ~~) .bl-..b
    {amaat 'arduni Jordanian tomatoes.
    4;,~ .J ~I ~~~)'I 1-'ioaaca 1-'arduniyya the
    Jordanian Broadcasting Station.
    ~.J P. 'r(J

    4.J f" .J

    P.

    'rmn

    'arman (coli.) Armenians. s. ~.)


    'armani. ~ c:r--b) ~ L. .:r-- .J 'JI
    1-'arman rna lahum watan l;aghum .
    The Armenians do not have a
    homeland of their own.

    0"')

    t..P-") i

    'armani
    Armenian.

    u 1.) ,J

    P.

    1. Armenian

    2. an

    'rnb

    ~) 'arnab p. c..,-il) 'araanib rabbit.


    ~~) ~ ~ .!.1 ~ cumrak kaleet
    Iaham 'arnab? Have you ever eaten
    rabbit?

    J ':? .J p.

    'ryl

    ~) 'aryal pl. ...:_.~) 'aryalaat aerial,


    antenna.

    f"j'" 'zm

    .}') 'ar(J (f.) p. ~,\) 'araa('Ji. I.


    land, ground. J.)..~ d.)\.i. uy.....l ,./".J ~I
    1-'ar(J stawat gaalya halhiin. Land has
    become expensive now. ~~ j-a.>
    ,_}:>.J ~I ~ C L.1 ~ .J) /;i$al dacma
    w-rifiiji {a a!; cala l- 'ar(J There was a
    car accident and my buddy fell down
    to the ground. 2. soil, land ._,...I.J ,_}:>)
    ~ ~I 'ar(J raas l-xeema xa9iiba.
    The land in Ras Al-Khayma is fertile.

    ~_) 'ar(Ji situated on the ground.


    ~}:11 J!Lkll ~ ~yiskinfi t-taabig
    1-'ar(Ji. He lives on the ground floor.

    p. -aat area of a

    ~ jU t'azzam V to become critical. i jG


    y _rll ~ ~ )1 t'azzam l-wa(Jic cugb
    !-!;arb. The situation became critical
    after the war.
    A..o ji 'azma p. -aat crisis.

    uI "':' t..)"J ~

    'sbaan

    i.J~t'l

    l-'isbaan or ~~)'I
    1- 'isbaaniyyiin. The Spaniards.
    ~~1 'isbaani

    I. A Spaniard. y.
    -4.J...L.o ,y J~l huwa 'isbaani min
    madriid bacad. He is a Spaniard from
    ~

    Madrid too. 2. Spanish, characteristic


    of Spain.

    10

    L:.i~!

    'isbaanya or

    Spain.

    l,.i~

    sbaanya

    our soldiers. 2. to captivate, fascinate.

    LiL......I
    -II
    . .
    y., J Gl I.)--'<:' .J' '-'
    . .r""'

    ~ .r"'-1 ._,.UI ~ ..:..;IS' ~fo ~i 'umm


    kal(}uum
    kaanat
    ti'sar
    n-naas
    b-:footha. Umm Kalthum held people

    f.carab trakaw 'aa(}aar fi sbaanya The


    Arabs have left traces in Spain.

    spellbound by her voice.

    j I u VM ,::. 'staao
    ~\.:;....,.,i 'ustaao var. ~\.:...... staao p.

    ojjL...i

    1. professor. ~ ~L:......i ~
    'ustaao fi 1-yaamca. He
    works as a teacher at the university. 2.
    craftsman, master. L,.ll ~ ~\.:...... staao fi
    1-bina a master at construction. 3. (a
    polite form of addressing an educated
    man). !.;\.:....., 4 ya staao' Sir!

    'asaatioa

    ;;._._.\),.1 yistagil

    J,; u VM,::.

    'strl

    L:JI...i'-"i 'ustraalya Australia. Jl.r----i


    'ustraali p. -yyiin. 1. an Australian. 2.
    characteristic of Australia.

    ~.i'-'! 'istarliini sterling.~ .r---1 ~


    jineeh istarliini pound sterling.

    JU<M,::. 'sd
    p. ~ yi 'usuud l. lion syn.
    (::" sabic p. t L.... sbaac . ..:.U.. ...1}~1

    .L...i 'asad

    1-'asad rna/ilk 1-bayawaanaat.

    The lion is the king of animals. Li r


    ..L......i ~) ~~ sirna l-gana,~

    w-gina,sna 'asad.

    We went hunting

    and hunted a lion. d....A:...L>- ~

    ..L.i .......,;

    "->- J..UI ~ Jl_,...)-1 fii 'asad fi badiigat


    1-bayawaan fi d-dooba. There is a lion
    in the zoo in Doha. 2. brave man.

    .JU<M,::. 'sr

    r!

    .r'i 'asir v.n. from .rl 'isar, captivity.


    .r-"

    'd1

    ~ ~) wigac fi /- 'asir to be

    captured.
    p. c.> .J" i 'asra captive,
    prisoner of war . ....,; 01.5' ~I y .r ~

    .J:--"i 'asiir

    ~l.rJI ~~ .:.r ..L>.-1) c.> .r"i fi barb


    1-xaliij caanfii 'asra waayid min 1-jees
    fi-craagi. During the Gulf war there
    were many
    army.

    captives from the Iraqi

    VMU<M,::. 'ss

    I) J,; u VM,::. 'strln

    ...:..;lil_,)-1

    J.J-"t. ma'suur p. -iin p.p. of rl 'isar


    1. captivated. 2. fascinated.

    ..,._..i 'assas II 1. to

    lay a foundation.

    ~I ~ .:.r;J~ ~)

    u----i 'assas
    w-bina camarteen cafa s-siif. He laid
    a foundation and built two buildings
    on the beach. 2. to establish, set up.

    ~I 0)WI~ or~ l_,_...i


    'assasaw majlis sammoo majlis
    t-tacaawan 1-xaliiji. They established
    a council which they called the Gulf
    Cooperation Council.

    ...r-..o\J t'assas V to be founded,


    established. .JL. j .:.r ...::....-.....t" ~I
    1-jamciyya t'assasat min zamaan. The
    society was founded a long time ago .
    I)"L.i 'asaas (common var. u"L.. saas)

    'isar (~ yi'sir)

    1. to capture,
    take prisoner. ~ .r"l Li~ y. ,:_;- J..>..IJ
    )..L.JI waayid min jinuudna 'isarhum
    f-cadu. The enemy captured many of

    1. foundation. ;;JLwJI u"L.....i 'asaas


    fi-cmara
    the foundation of the
    building. 2. basis u"L.. \11 \...b Js- cata
    hal-'asaas based on this. u"L..i .J \...rna

    11

    Ia 'asaas unfounded, baseless. ~ JsU"L....\11 ca[a hal-'asaas on the basis of


    this, on account of this.

    ~ .J--! ~

    ma baneet! ma cimalt sayy!


    t'assaft cafa !;altak ya bu Cali. You
    haven't built! You haven't done
    anything! I feel sorry for your
    situation, Abu Ali. ~ .._Q.....~ t'assaf
    cafa to feel sorry for, regret having
    done s.th. d....&. -}JI Js- ...:.....A,...~ t'assaft
    ca[a lli ctmalta. I regretted what I had
    done.

    ~L.,.,i 'asaasi basic, fundamental.


    -.s-L...\11 ~I s-sabab 1-'asaasi The
    basic reason.
    ~b' ta'siis (v.n. from II v-""i 'assas)
    founding, establishing.
    v---"_;.. mu'assis (act. part. from II
    ......---i 'assas), founder . ......---- y ~ ..:./'
    Y
    _ J,.l
    man huwa mu'assis
    1-jamctyya? Who is the founder of the
    association?

    ;;

    ~i 'asaf v.n. regret. .._Q.....~ 1-l-'asaf


    unfortunately.
    ~6 mit'assif (act. part. from V
    ..._L....,~ t'assaj) sorry.
    .._Q.....L:..
    ~.r- mit'assifca[a lli sawweeta. I am
    sorry for what I have done Lo .._Q..... 6
    .!L~.&-L.,..i .J..L..,ji mit'assif ma 'agdar
    'asaacdak I am sorry, I cannot help
    you.

    JJI Js-

    mu'assasa
    p. -aat
    establishment. h . L...JI ..L..AJI L-..... y
    mu 'ass asat n-nagd d-dawli
    The
    International Monetary Fund.

    J l: IJM ~ 'stl
    J)a-ti 'ustuul

    [uJtJM ~ 'sfnJ
    p.

    _}.kL....i 'asaatiil.

    fleet. ~..r-~1 J_,.6....-.~l 1-'us(uul


    1-'amriikt the American fleet. J__,1-.- ~I
    t..? _r-.)1 /- 'ustuull-bal;ri the naval fleet.

    uJ l: IJM ~

    ~1

    ..; f" IJM

    'smr

    .; ~i 'as mara Asmara (capital of


    Eritrea).

    'stwn

    .4.il_,k......i 'ustuwaana p. -aat

    'isfanj or~ sfanj sponge.

    1. music

    record. var. a.il__,k.... stuwaana, iU\~


    sintuwaana. ~ J->- c..::.;l;l_,k.... 1..}~
    0-:!....~.>.-IJ y ~ 'indi stuwaanaat !;agg
    mganyiin carab waajdiin.
    I have
    music records by many Arab singers.
    2. cylinder. ~ J5" j\S. ~I __,.b.... c L:i
    ni!;taaj stuwaanteen gaaz kill sahar.
    We need two cylinders of gas every
    month.

    JIJM ~ 'sf
    ~~ t'assafV to feel sorry, regret. L.
    ~L>- ~ ~G !~ ~ L. !~

    (j IJM

    'sy

    oL.,.,Lo ma'saa calamity, tragedy (see


    also~ U"'.J wsy).

    ..;dM ~

    'sr

    _,..;.i

    'assar II 1. to indicate, point out.


    JL..JI ?
    ~\ ~..l..:.:ll ~ .U u _r:.i
    'assart-/a ca[a t-tindeel illi fannas
    [-cummaal. I pointed out to him the
    supervisor who had laid off the
    workmen. 2. to give a signal, gesture.
    J ~ 0:-J ...L>.-IJ J J_r:. _Y- y _r.ll [carab
    y'assruun waayid leen yil;cuun. The
    Arabs make gestures when they talk.

    12
    ...L.,.a;J ..l...pi ,y ~ .J-j huwa rayyaa/
    zeen. s-caleena min 'a.~la w-fa$Za. He
    is a good man. What have we got to do
    with his origin and ancestry! 5. (p.
    only) properly, in accordance with
    regulations. J ~\II ~ ..,_J1 r-Li
    gaddam {alab J:zasb 1- 'U$UUI.
    He
    applied properly.

    3. to check (as a sign of approval).


    ~~ ~ ~i r-.lll 1-mudiir
    'assar-li cala {-{alab. The manager
    checked my application.

    oJW.! 'isaara p. -aat. signal, sign.~


    ;;J~! ~I ~ J..t ':J gabil Ia tliff
    yimiin ca{i 'isaara. Before you turn
    right, give a signal. 43L:...... ;;JW. 'il t.$1;,
    .J ~~ J...Li ':J haaoi 1-'isaara macnaatta
    Ia t-digg 1-haran. This sign means:
    Don't sound your hom.

    ~i 'a#an actually . ._,....;; ...:.Jj LiT '.>\...oi


    ~I 'a$fan 'aana gilt nafs s-sayy
    Actually, I said the same thing.

    ~i 'as/i p. -yyiin 1. original. ~~


    ~\11 s-sabab 1-'a$/i. The original
    ~ause. ~ \11 t.$ ..r--:JI 1-batri l-la$Zi the
    original battery. 2. genuine, authentic.
    ~i J4 ~ gi{ac gayaar 'a$Ziyyiin
    genuine spare parts. 3. chief, main.
    ~\II .:r=JI 8-0aman 1-'a#i the cost
    price.

    o~(j ta'siira

    p. -aat visa. ..,_11 ...:;......J..i


    .J..L:.l ..;...>- ~~ gaddamt {alab ta'siira
    J:zagg landan. I applied for a visa to
    London. JJ.r--' ~~ ta'siirat muruur
    transit visa.

    r-i

    _r.j.A

    m'assir (act. part. from II


    'assar) indicator, pointer. ;; ).)-1 r- y
    ~ L. m 'assir 1-J:zaraara rna yistagil.
    The temperature indicator doesn't
    work.

    J.P6

    mit'a$$il 1. deep-rooted, deepseated. U....L ..:;..1.:.\.&- caadaat mit'a$$la


    deep-rooted customs.
    2. chronic
    (illness) j.PL ..}> r mara(J mit'a$$il
    chronic illness.

    u~Jvo ~ '$/hn
    IJ~l

    'i,ifahaan

    Isfahan (city in

    Iran).

    Jvo ~

    .J .b ~ 'tr

    '$1

    'a$1 p. J_,......,i 'U$UU! 1. origin,


    source. Y0::-- ..l...pi _-.j /"i L. Lii 'aana rna
    carf 'a$fa meen? I do not know him.
    Where is he from originally? 2.
    foundation, basis. j.Pi U. L. ~I t.$1;,

    Jll:>l 'itaar p . ..:;..l}.b! 'itaaraat frame (of

    j-Pi

    haaoi 1-gi,~,m rna /aha 'a$il This story


    does not have any foundation. 3. (with
    Jl 'al- the important one, the main one.

    ~ .r! ~ J-.a~l ..:_ji !Jr.!

    ..J.,.:.

    xa!!a

    ywalli! 'inta 1-'a,~il, ya bu cali The hell


    with them! You are the important one,

    Abu Ali.

    4. descent, lineage. J4J y.

    a picture).
    I.)M

    J .b ~

    'tis

    ~i 'atlas p. u-ll...ki 'ataalis atlas,


    collection of maps. ._,.J.bi 'atlas (adj.)
    p . ._,..l.b tils, .JL.l1 tilsaan dark (color).

    ~i 'atlasi Atlantic. ~~~

    l-muhiit 1-'atlasi The Atlantic Ocean.

    ~.,)~ ~ 'frg

    ~)i 'afriigya Africa. ~)i 'a.friigi


    p. -yyiin, d.i ) . ;i 'afaarga 1. an African.

    13
    ~I .U ~..~.Sf 'akkadt-la 1-IJ.ajiz.
    confirmed the reservation for him.

    2. characteristic of Africa.

    ut ~,.

    'fgn

    ~u t'akkadV I. to be sure . .o..il..:.o..l.S'""t;

    .Jiili~l 1-'a.fkaan 1. the Afghans (coli.)


    2. Afghanistan

    ...r'_,.l.All JL; t'akkatt 'inna haag li-jluus.

    I was sure that he stole the money.


    ~ .:..r-- ..IS""'Li t'akkad min nafsa. He
    was sure of himself.
    2. to be
    convinced. L.t.~ \... .o..il ..:.o..IS""'t; t'akkadat
    'inna ma yibgaaha. She was sure that
    he did not want her.

    1. an Afghan, an
    ~l....ilii 'a.fkaani
    Afghanistani.
    2. characteristic of
    Afghanistan.

    .JI:....ililii 'a.fkaanistaan Afghanistan.


    ~~~-'ff

    -.Ji 'u.ff (exclamation of displeasure or


    despair) oh! !11 4 ....Ji 'u.ffya 'a!!aah!
    Oh, God. ~ .J~ I,>'""I.J ....Ji 'u.ff raasi
    ycawwirni. Oh! I have a headache.

    .Uf 'a.ffa (foll. by J; ca[a) shame -.;i


    !~

    ~u ta'kiid (v.n. of V {.; t'akkad)


    1. assurance. ..~.,:S""l; ~ b-ki/1 ta'kiid
    certainly, of course. 2. confirmation
    ~.JJ.r-P ~~ ..I.,:S""U ta'kiid 1-IJ.ajiz
    {Jaruuri.
    The confirmation of the
    reservation is necessary.

    'a.ffa cafeek! Shame on you!

    U(,j~,. 'fyn

    .Jr.'i 'afyuun opium.

    .; I.:'~ ..:J ,. 'ktbr


    October. L. ~
    ~~~ ~~I ....J jY . _r.pl ....J _rU niftin

    .r!Pi 'aktoobar.

    ma ncar/ 'aktoobar.
    ncar/ 1-'aS:hir
    1-hijriyya. We do not know October.
    We know the hegira months.

    ..a..:J,. 'led

    u i 'akkad II I. to confirm s.th.


    (usually with ~ cafa. ~ )1 J; i
    'akkad cafa 1-mawcid. He confirmed
    the appointment. _p..UI.....; _r.i ~ i
    'akkad calayya 'acuuf d-daxtar. He
    made sure that I see the doctor. ~i
    ~~ 'akkatt 1-xabar. I confirmed the
    news. 2. to assure, give assurance to
    s.o. ~~ ~ ~ .o..il L:J i 'akkad lana
    'inna babb yad s-seex. He assured us
    that he kissed the Shaikh's hand.

    .l.-_$'1 'akiid (adj.) certain . ..I.,:S""i ~ sayy


    'akiid sure thing. (adv.) certainly,
    surely. _?~ ~l:! _,.... ~i 'akiid huwa
    yaay baacir. Certainly he is coming
    tomorrow. -L:S""i y _,.._.,. muub 'akiid not
    for sure, not certain.

    .Uj.o m'akkad (p.p. of II ..l.S'""i 'akkad)


    certain, confirmed. sure thing. _r...=ll
    ..I.Sy 1-bajiz m'akkad. The reservation
    is confirmed .

    ~L:.. mit'akkid (act. part. from V {.;


    t'akkad) p. -iin positive, certain, sure.
    Lf-:!j JL:!.J ...._;! .JS'"L Lil 'aana mit'akkid
    'inna rayyaal zeen. I am certain that
    he is a good man. Y.JS'"L ~i 'inta
    mit'akkid? Are you sure? l...ii ~ ~i
    Y6 y y ~ . 6 'ii nacam 'aana
    mit'akkid. lees muub mit'akkid? Yes, I
    am sure. Why am I not sure?

    J ..:J ,.

    see J .:J kl.

    14
    ,J~ ~

    'kw

    _,5i 'aku (Kuwaiti and Bahraini) I.


    there is, there are. J _,..JI ~ _,A.! ~ ~i
    'aku /al)arn hagar fi s-suug. There is
    beef in the market. ~L....h J o.J~ ~i
    'aku cayyaala fi s-saal)a. There are
    male dancers in the courtyard. ~ ~i
    ~ J _r-ll ~ 'aku yibl) fi s-suug? Are
    there watermelons in the market?
    2. (with ...L.;s. cind) to have ~ _,.s-i
    ~~..,w:. 'aku sugul Cindakurn? Do you
    have work? ~~ ~ J"_,...1; _,..5"'i 'aku
    fluus fi rnaxbaaya. There is money in
    my pocket.

    .F''-

    rnaaku (neg.) there isn't, there


    aren't. J"_,...lj ~L. rnaakufluus. There
    is no money. ~~i ~..li.:JI ~ .:r-)} ~L...
    rnaaku gazzaaziin fi 1-ba/adiyya
    'abad? Aren't there any surveyors at
    all in the municipality? rnaaku =
    Qatari ~ L.. rna rniis (corruption of
    literary ~.../" .:.r L. rna min say').
    ~J ~

    'If

    ~i 'alf p . .....; _,Ji 'u/utifthousand (syn.


    ~ lakk, an old form not commonly
    used). Jl:!_; ....Ji 'alfrayyaa/1,000 men.
    .....;i ~ xarnsa 'alf or J'}\ L.Jo..
    xarnsat 'aalaaf 5,000.

    JJ ~ '//
    ~1

    'ilia I. except. ..u- '11 G:- ...1.:>-L..


    rnaf:zbad ya 'ilia bamad. No one came
    except Hamad. ~~ '11 w1 '1 Ia 'ilaaha
    'ilia !!aah. There is no god but He. 2.
    just, only ~.Jl..:.j '11 ~i L. rna abga
    'ilia gsaari. I just want my personal
    effects. 3. yes, indeed. L>.- '1! ~~ L>.ya rnl)ammad?
    'ilia ya.
    Has
    Muhammad come? Yes, he certainly

    has.

    4. (in telling time) minus, to.


    ~WI s-saaca xarns 'ilia
    csir. It's ten minutes to five. 5. (with
    preceding neg. v.) except that, it
    wasn't long until, no sooner ... than.
    ~.)) (,>"'1-l:>:- .k_; '1! .o.::A....!:. L.. rna cifta
    'ilia na(f jiddaarni w-dacarnta. No
    sooner had I seen him than he jumped
    in front of me, and I hit him.
    ~

    '11 ~

    ~lJ w-'illa,

    'i)willa l.or'iJI~I/l;
    ~!.II~ tabi haaoa willa oaak? Do you
    want this one or that one? '1 J ~
    ..L....>-IJ .s._l5" ~ ml)arnrnad willa
    xmayyis kil/a waal)id. Muhammad or
    Khmayis, it's all the same.
    2.
    otherwise. ...::-.>-_; Jl.S '1 J ..::...,!.J.:l L. rna
    dareet willa caan ril)t. I did not know;
    otherwise I would have gone.
    ~>J J ~ 'llh

    .ib1 'a{{a God (var. 'af!aah)

    ~ J ~I

    'a/fa ral)iim. God is merciful. '11 .J1 '1


    ~~ Ia 'ilaaha 'ilia !faah. There is no
    god but
    God. ~I J .r--"' .J ~
    mul)amrnad
    rasuula
    !faah.
    Muhanunad is God's messenger.
    !.r-----:l.-1.; ~~ ~ $abbal)k af!a
    b-1-xeer.
    Good morning! ~~ !.IL.......
    _r----::LI.; rnassaak alia b-1-xeer. Good
    evening (or afternoon). !.141) ~I 'a !Ia
    wiyyaak. God be with you. Good
    luck.
    Goodbye! ! _p..-3.-1.; ~I 'a!!a
    b-1-xeer! (polite expression used after
    someone arrives and sits down. It is
    said at any time of the day; it is
    characteristic of Kuwaiti and Iraqi.
    The response is the same).
    .:ll_; ~~
    ...U J 'a!!a raad-li walad. God willed
    that I have a baby boy. ~~ ~ beet
    'a!la the Kaaba; Mecca. ~I .11 'a!!aah

    IS

    a!!aah.
    (used by Bedouins) (an
    expression of amazement, admiration).
    How nice is ... ! .r--ll! .11 'allah
    b-s-sitir: (expression used to forestall
    a calamity). God protect, shield us!

    ~ it 'a!faah cafa ... What a


    splendid thing is... ! .JL... j i~ i ~ ..:Ut
    'a!faah cafa 'ayyaarn zarnaan! The
    good old days. (expression said by
    someone offering condolences). God
    reward you with His blessing! =
    literary: ~..f""i ..:Ut ~ carrarna
    !!aahu 'ajrakurn.
    God make your
    reward greater (in the hereafter).
    1~1 ! it 'affa ysallirnk or .11 ~
    sal/arnk affa 1. (response to goodbye:
    ;;...JL.jl ~ mac s-salaarna) Goodbye.
    2. (parenthetical phrase said when
    speaking to a man of higher rank or
    status) ~ .?~ ~ ..:Ut 'alia
    ysallirnk baaCir cut/a. Tomorrow, God
    protect you, is a holiday. f.~ ~!
    'a!!a ysallirnc.

    ~fi ~I 'a!!a ygarbilk

    1. (used to

    invoke God against s.o.) Damn you!


    God's curse fall on you. 2. dam you.
    ~~ o~ ~ ~fi ~I 'a/fa ygarbilk
    cafa haaoi n-nikat. Dam you for these
    jokes. .!.li...L.+.! 1ut 'a/fa yhadaak or ~I
    ..!..i:...l+.! 'a/fa yhadiik (used when giving
    advice and guidance; lit., "May God
    guide you to the correct path.")

    il!tl-!.JI nsaf{a =literary . .11 '-~ .Jl 'in


    saa'a !faah if God wills. I. God
    willing, if possible (generally used for
    I hope so; I hope that, it is to be hoped
    that. _r...---4)-1 l) .r-...Lll .11L!:..il 'insaaffa
    1-rnudiir ji 1-l:zafiiz. I hope the manager
    is in the office. 2. (as a response to a
    request) yes; gladly, willingly. ~L.;.j
    .r-L..:ll caayik t-taayir. Check the tire.
    ..:Uil..!.j\ 'insaaffa. Yes, certainly.
    itJ waffa

    I. honestly, really. \...

    waajid zeen.
    Really! This is very
    good.
    2. (expression of surprise)
    ~'-""_,_lj ~ ._} _;;:, J~ ..:U1J
    really?
    waf{a' cadi/ [arras lakurn jluus?
    Really? Did he really send you
    money?
    3. (more emphatic than
    waffa) ~\) wa{{aahi most certainly.
    '

    .Jl14 yaf!a 1. till, until. \.;.,. ~~~ ~;


    trayyeeta yaf!a ya. I waited for him
    until he came. 2. hurry up. ii ~ ~~~
    L..:....li U ~ j o.Jl....., yaffa ya 'urnrn saara
    zahhbii-lna [_casa. Hurry up Umm
    Sara! Prepare dinner for us. 3. let's
    go. !~ \... ~~~ ya{fa rna rnl)arnrnad!
    Let's go, Muhammad! 4. just, just
    barely. ~ ~~~ JL:Li ...l_j ~ ._}WI
    1-macaa cat a gadd 1-l)aal ya!!a yakfi.
    The salary is not much. It's barely
    enough.

    .iIUt.. maasaa!!a =literary 1ut ~w. L.

    .i1~ l)ayya!!a

    maa saa'a !!aah! (an exclamation of


    surprise or amazement) ~_; ~1\...::.L.

    arrived)

    ~J ..:...-... / ' J maasaa!!a twa99aft


    w-carrast w-baneet Amazing! You

    were employed, got married, and built


    (a house).

    ..:ill)

    (,S"_;~i wa!fa rna dri. Honestly, I do not


    know. .:..r-j ...L:>.IJ (,S".i.J.. ..:U1J walla haaoi

    (to s.o. who has just


    '
    '
    welcome! Aill~ Ail\~

    /:zayya!!a cabda!!a.
    welcome.

    ':? J J ~

    Abdalla, you are

    'lly

    ~~ 'illi (rel. pron.)

    1. who, that,

    16
    which. }- ~\ Jy)l r-rayyaa/ illi
    saar
    the man who has left. 2.
    whatever, whoever. (prov.) ..:..u Jll
    ..::A..o 'i//i faat maat. Let bygones be
    bygones. (prov.) ~I J ~ \.. Jll
    !.,?~ 'illi rna ycarf$-$agir yiswii.
    not kill the goose that lays the golden
    egg. (prov.) J-R.i oy.i
    ~ Jll
    'illi ma yit[ac cala 'ubuu naga/. Like
    father like son. (prov.) .J\.....:> .J\.....:>
    'illi $aar $Gar. Don't cry over spilled
    milk. 3. that which, what o~ Jll
    !.,?~ 'illi tihgaa cindi.
    I have what
    you want.

    '-o_,kly.-oj

    'i J ~ F-

    \..

    Jll

    ~.iJI 'il/ioi var. of Jll 'i//i (corruption

    of literary ~.,?.ill 'al/aoi).


    I)~ J F- 'lmn

    ~Ll.~l 1-'a{maan

    (coli.) the German

    people.

    JLI.i 'a{maani

    l. a German p. 0\.li
    'afmaan 2. characteristic of Germany.

    t.,;Lli 'a{maanya Germany.


    ~

    'i I) ~ J F-

    'ilaah

    p. Ul 'aaliha god, deity. ~

    F-

    J_,kl_;:-o!

    ~f 'amar ( 1..oy yaamir) to order,


    command s.o. y~ rli taamir sayy?
    Can I help you? Yrl..i
    su taamir?
    What can I do for you? .!.1 y-i l;iJ _,..i
    'aamir w-aana 'uxuuk.
    Ask (for
    anything) and I am your brother, i.e., I
    am at your service. I will stand up for
    you.

    _;~W t'ammar V to be domineering,


    behave arrogantly. l...>.- J ~f"i if E";
    L...:#- .1"'~ rijac min 'amriika w-ya
    yit'ammar cafeena. He returned from
    America and came to push us around.

    lees

    why.

    'mbrtwr

    'imbaraatoor
    recorded p.).

    r-ra'iis. The army plotted against the


    (life of) the president.

    ~i 'amir p . .J.J-'i 'umuur I. command,


    order . .!.1.r'i .r-"~1 1-'amir 'amrak. You

    ~ 'i .J J F- 'lwys

    .; .J .b.; ~ ~

    'mr

    conspire, plot against. ~ .1"'t ~~

    ~lya 'ilaahi my God!

    ~)! 'ilwees
    See ,J;.i,j J lys.

    .; ~ F-

    ~)I ol..,>- 1-jeeS t'aamar ca[a bayaat

    'lh

    .UJ

    'mdy

    _;~U t'aamar VI (with ~ cafa) to

    'lmnym

    ~i 'alaminyam aluminum.

    ., J F-

    p. -aat

    ~S..L..af 'amda (~.,?.J...... yimdi) (with suff.


    pron.) to be able to do s.th. J...oy. ol...vi
    'amdaa yoo$al. He was able to arrive.
    ~i Jl~i \.. ma 'amdaani 'astagil. I
    wasn't able to work.

    Do

    Js-

    'imbaraatooriyya

    empire.

    emperor (no

    ~ J_,kly.-oJ 'imbaraatoori imperial.

    are in command. ~LJ-1 ..,..i .~ .f4


    baaCir
    cu!la.
    'amr 1-baakim.
    Tomorrow is a holiday. It's the ruler's
    ~rder.
    2. will, will power. ;; .Ji..:- ..::.J.:J
    J.\1 .r-"i IL . ..:..L... J die mata sayyaara
    w-maat. haaoa 'amr a{{a. A car hit
    him and he died. This is God's will.
    .!.I ri J lj\ 'aana tabt 'amrak. I am at

    17

    3. affair, matter. c_;.h


    'umuur fxi$$
    1-l;ariim. These are matters that
    concern women.

    .;-lj.e mu'tamar p. -aat. conference,

    your service.

    rr' ~ .).J-"i haaoi

    convention. ~ __r-1 y mu 'tamar $Ull;


    peace conference.

    oJL...J 'imaara
    p. -aat emirate,
    principality. ._,-!~ .;.! L.) 'imaarat dbayy
    the Emirate of Dubai. d......,;_,...ll ..:..>I.JL-)'1
    o~l
    1-'imaaraat 1-carabiyya
    1-mittal;ada.
    the
    United
    Arab
    Emirates.

    ~_,.i 'amriika (var. \5"'.r.--i 'ameerka or


    l..5".r.-- mriika) America. oi.Jp..UI ~
    ~__...i ..:.r--- l;a$$al d-daktooraa min
    He got the Ph.D. degree
    'amriika.
    from America.

    ~_,.i 'amriiki (var. .j~.r-i


    'amrikaani) p. J~__...i 'amrikaan 1.
    an
    American.
    2. American,
    characteristic of America. ~I
    ~.r-~1 s-safiir 1-'amriiki the
    American Ambassador. ~__...i o.!~
    sayyaara 'amriikiyya American car.

    p. -aat princess.

    '-i~j 'amiiri

    1. governmental, Emiri.

    c.$..t.:--'"~l JI~..UI 1-diwaan 1-'amiiri. the


    2. stateEmiri Court or Bureau.
    owned. state land.
    o..,-olj..o mu'aamara
    conspiracy.

    ~,. ~

    1-baarl;a)
    yesterday. ~I ~i 'ams 1-xamiis.
    Ye~terday was Thursday. ,y J~ lh
    __,_..1 haaoa baagi min 'ams. This is left
    (over) from yesterday. WI ..._,-i 'ams
    l-masa last night. C. ~I u-"i 'ams
    ~-~abaal; yesterday morning . ..._,-i ~
    gab! 'ams the day before yesterday .

    J.JALo ma'muur p. -J:U.Y'L. ma'muuriin


    (p.p. from .ri 'amar) 1. one who takes

    JS"'

    official, civil official. ...\,!p-JI J.Y'L.


    ma'muur 1-bariid the postmaster.

    ~.r---=JI J.Y'L. ma'muur s-sirta the


    commissioner of police.

    'ms

    ..,..-oi 'ams (syn.

    p. -aat pbt,

    order, subordinate. vk...dl -'-::-! ~


    .J.Y'L. J~ wT kill sayy b-yadd
    t-tindeel.
    'aana kuuli ma'muur.
    Everything is in the supervisor's
    power. I am a coolie; I take orders. 2.

    'mrk

    .!..l_,.L.....s
    t'amrak
    to
    become
    Americanized . .!.! __...L; . ..:..> ..r:-JU -.jb\.&. J5"'
    kill caadaata tgayyarat. ta'amrak. All
    his habits have changed. He has
    become Americanized.

    ~i 'amiir p. lri 'umara I. prince,


    emir (title of a member of the ruling
    family). 2. ruler of a region, esp. in
    Saudi Arabia. y _,....;jl 4.A.k.Ji .r.--i 'amiir
    1-mantaga s-sargiyya the ruler of the
    Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. 3.
    commander. ~~ ..t.:--'"i 'amiir 1-bal;ar
    admiral. I_,J ..r---i 'amiir liwa brigadier.
    ~ _;.ll .r.--i 'amiir 1-mu'miniin Prince of
    the Faithful, Caliph.

    o~i 'amiira

    .:J...) ,.

    J,. P.

    L->- JWI

    'ml

    JoU t'ammal V to hope~ J-j J"J;;; L..


    J~~l .) ~ ~l.; ma diras zeen
    bass t'ammal yinjal; ji !- 'imtil;aan. He
    did not study well, but he hoped to
    pass the examination.

    18

    J--i 'amal

    p. JL.'i 'aamaa/ hope. 4 ~i


    ,:_,_;J, J-,.i .$-'J~ J..-.S"i ~ 'amali yo
    yuba 'akammil diraasti gab/ z-zawaaj.
    My hope. father, is to complete my
    studies before marriage.
    \

    'umm l)mayyir whooping cough. rl


    ~ 'umm xams five-bullet rifle. ri
    4...-(li ~ J (::' 'umm sabca w-sabciin
    gaayma centipede. ~ ri 'umm seef
    (oil field in Abu Dhabi) . .J~I ri
    'umm $-$ibyaan epilep"sy. _,..~s- 'umm
    caamir hyena. ~ ri 'umm casir
    ten-bullet rifle.

    r'

    f' f'-. 'mm

    fii 'amm (~ y'imm) (with ~ji) to lead


    people in prayer. ~ ~ .}l1 yo t# 1
    ._,..Ut li-m{awwac huwa IIi y'imm ji
    n-naas. The mu{awwac is the one who
    leads the people in prayer.

    1"""'1 'ammam II to nationalize. ;;.... _,s::.,J.-1


    ~L-11 ..:.-.....d li-l)kuuma 'ammamat

    ~\.If 'amaam see rl..l>.- jiddaam .

    ~La! 'imaam
    p. ~~ 'a'imma 1.
    religious official, imam. 2. prayer
    leader.
    'I'

    1-ma,wanic
    The
    government
    nationalized the factories.

    l..li 'amma (conj.)


    ~~-. _ I ~ ..1-

    ('":"'l; ta'miim (v.n. from r-"i 'ammam)


    nationalization.

    ~~ 'umm

    p. ..;..,4---i 'ummahaat. 1. -.S"'i

    r'

    my father (my parents). J~.,&- 'umm


    cyaa/i my wife. !L......4 yumma!
    (addressing one's mother) Mother! 2.
    the one with, the woman with. ~~ ri
    ~__,1.!1 'umm s-sat:ar {-{awii/. the
    woman (or girl) with long hair. o.Jl:---.Jy ~) ri sayyaara 'umm 'arbac
    biibaan. car with four doors, four-door
    car. ~_r.AJI ~~ 'umm 1-giiween. Umm
    al-Qaiwain (one of the emirates of the
    U.A.E). .JUI ~i 'umm n-naar Umm
    ai-Nar, small town in Abu Dhabi,
    known as an archaeological site. _y- ii

    1. as for (introduces a

    topic--comment sentence) <.$~ L..i


    'amma haaoi yirjac
    la-siimatk As for this (thing), it's up
    to you. "-.:..A ~ L... r...lll Lei 'amma
    1-mudiir ma ca[eek minna. As for the
    director, don't worry about him. 2.
    but JL.......:......".>'J J->- ~ o}.~.-ll <.$:U. L.i
    ~)I 'amma haaoi s-sayyaara bass
    hagg /i-sfiCmaal r-rasmi. But this car
    is just for official use.

    ~L; t'ammam V (p.p. from ~~


    'ammam ). to be nationalized. J.-.5'
    ...:.....tL; J JH' ..;..,1.5"~ kill sarikaat
    1-hatroo/
    t'ammamat.
    All
    the
    petroleum
    companies
    were
    nationalized.

    .,>y.i) 'ummi w-'ubuuya my mother a~d

    ,.,.-. mm

    u,.-.

    'mn

    ~~ 'amman (~ yammin) II 1. to
    ensure, guarantee. o~ J ..;L:>- ~ ifi
    ~ls- 'amman cafa l:zayaata w-l:zayaat
    caayilta.
    He got life insurance for
    hi.mself and his family. 2. to leave in
    trust. o.)---!i ..l....;.&. J~l ~i 'amman
    li-l:zyuul c;nd ubuu. He placed the
    bracelets in his father's keeping. 3. to
    trust, have faith in. ,y.. \... ..L>-1)1 ~t..
    -L>-~ hal/:ziin 1-waa/:zid rna yammin
    b-'a/:zad
    Nowadays people do not
    trust anyone.

    I9

    permanent secretary of state. Go \II ~


    maj/is 1-'umana the board of regents,
    board of trustees.

    ~~ 'aaman (,:rl..t.yaamin) to believe

    (in s.th. or s.o.) .i~ ,:r~ yaamin


    b-'a/la. He believes in God . .)lS"" ~
    ~ ~~ ,:rL...! L. huwa kaafir ma
    yaamin b- 'aY.Ya saY.)'. He is an atheist,
    he doesn't believe in anything.

    ~T 'aamiin Amen.

    L.Jl.ei 'amaana
    I. trustworthiness,
    reliability. ~j u_... 4iLo\lll-'amaana
    Xi$la zeena. Trustworthiness is a good
    quality. 2. safekeeping . ._,.._,lAJI ..:..5'.}
    ~_,.......i ..L.,;s. wLoi tirakt li-jluus 'amaana
    cind 'uxuuy. I left the money in my
    brother's keeping.
    3. office or
    position of trust. J J~l wLoi
    'amaanat $-$anduug
    position of
    treasurer or cashier.

    ~u t'amman V I. to be placed in
    safekeeping. .,P.JJ <: 1_r.1 ,J o.Jl,-]1 ..:.,..:..\;
    t-"") t'ammanat s-saY.)'aara fi 1-garaaj
    'ileen 'arjac The car was placed in
    safekeeping at the garage until I
    ret.urn. 2. to be trusted. ~4 .J C.~ 'i
    .:r~ Lo .r" Ia tbuul:z-la b-'aY.Ya sirr ma
    yit'amman. Do not tell him any secret.
    He cannot be trusted. 3. to be ensured.
    l_r-U ~..UI ~~J LS.~~J J~l
    /i-l:zyuu/ W-$-$OOga W-baagi 0-0ahab
    ta 'ammanaw.
    The
    bracelets, the
    jewelry, and the rest of the gold have
    been ensured.

    ~f 'amin security, safety . ..:,..--oi ~ Lo


    ~~'ill. mafii 'amin ha liY.Yaam. There
    is no security (or protection) these
    days. 0-'" ~I or-1.~ daayrat 1- 'am in the
    police department. 0-'" ~I J L,;.,. .J rijaal
    1-'amin the police. ~L.JI 0-'"~1 1-amin
    1-caamm public safety.

    ~W ta'miin (v.n. from II ,:ri 'amman)


    insurance; insurance company. ~l;
    oL-,)..1 ~ ta'miin ca[a 1-l:zayaa life
    insurance. ~.)-1 ..J...;:o ~t; ta'miin oidd
    1-l:zariig fire insurance.

    !Juj 'iimaan faith, belief. .i~ .J~'i'


    1-iimaan bi-llaah. belief in God.
    ~\...!.
    .JyL. haao mukaan ma'muun. This is
    a safe place.
    iJyaL. ma'muun safe, secure.

    (,! f'"

    ~i 'amiin p. L..;..i 'umana, or ~i


    'amiiniin honest, faithful. ~L.JI ~~I
    1- 'amiin t-caamm
    the secretary
    general. J )~\ .:r.--i 'amiin $-$anduug
    the treasurer. _,..jl .:r.--i 'amiin s-sirr the

    'my

    ~l 'imya hundred. See

    IJL.,i 'amaan safety, security . .JL.i .:..U Lo


    ma /ak 'amaan.
    You cannot be
    trusted. 1ul .JL.i J fi 'amaan il/aah
    (usually 1u1 0~ J fiimaanillaa)!
    Goodbye! (lit., in God's protection).
    (The response is the same, or C"
    ~~I mac s-sa/aama.)

    Jt5:..

    y miya.

    J.Jf'" ~ 'mrl
    Jl~f 'amiiraal (no recorded p.)
    admiral.
    \

    u~

    'n
    (syn. l~l 'ida, .JlS"'i
    acan, .J~l 'incaan, _,J lo, law) .Jl
    ....J ~ ~ 1ul !l')L.:. 'in xallaak alia
    tciis tsuuf If you live long, you will
    see (what the future holds for you).
    (prov.) .us-'~ 'Y )>- ~.J ...:,...4..;. .Jl

    IJ! 'in (conj.) if.

    20
    s-cafeek? What's it to you? (f.) ...:.,.;i
    'inti p. .:,tii 'intin. .:}.r" .:.T-J .:;til 'intin
    ween sirtin? Where did you (f.p.) go?
    ~..::.>4)U .:,tii 'intin gtariyyaat? Are you
    (f.p.) Qataris?

    'in cift rifiijak bilu Ia taak/a kil/a.


    Don't use up all your credit at once.
    4\5:........ . .:,., ;S' ~I CL1 .J! 'in taab
    1-biciir ki()rat sicaaCiina. When it rains
    it pours. Misfortunes come in groups.

    "U"'

    'n
    IJ,I ,inn- (conj.) that 1_,....,... J.T- ~11,#1
    .J~ ~ ttafgaw 'inhum yruubuun

    yitwannsuun. They agreed to go to


    have a good time .. o.)l:!j -s.l:! ...;1 Ju
    JL.J-1 ..L,j ~ wL.... gaal \nna yabi
    ziyaada. macasa cafa gadd /-baa/. He
    said that he wanted a raise. His salary
    was not up to much . ._rJ~ ...;! J Ju
    gaal-li 'inna mistaanis. He told me
    that he was happy (or comfortable).
    wi ~ ca[a 'an if, provided that. ._;.tiJ
    t"""' J.) .....A...Ji a.:.... ~ .:.>i ~ _,JI j.A.!
    ~I .J waafag yigba/1-wa(Jiifa cafa
    an yactuu sitta 'alf dirhimfi s-sahar.
    He agreed to accept the job provided
    that they paid him six thousand
    dirhams a month. .J! _,J J walaw inn
    even though. ..__;! _,J J ? I ..}~ ...;! Ju
    ~/' gaal 'inna ydiss s-sugul walaw
    inna marii(J. He said that he would go
    to work even though he was ill.
    ~~u,. 'nbb

    ~~~ 'unbuub or ~,.,;i 'unbuuba p.


    ~wi 'anaabiib tube, pipe. j~ y ,_,;i
    'unbuub gaaz gas pipe. JJ}-! ~\.ji ..6:xatt 'anaabiib batrool oil pipeline.

    t:t u,. 'nt


    ~I 'inta, 'int, 'init p. ~I 'intum, ,.:;1
    'intu you (m.s.). -~-~ ..:.,.;i 'inta s-tabi?
    What do you want? ~l?" .:.r J~ ..:.,.;I
    'inta (Jibyaani min hini? Are you Abu
    Dhabian, from here?~~ ..:.,.;I 'inta

    uI.J .:J u,.

    'ntyn

    ~~ 'antiin p. -aat antenna.

    .:, U,.

    'n()

    ~~ 'unea, ~~ 'in()a p. l..!; ni()a


    female.
    ~~ ~lfi-ncaya 'un8a
    c-cabs. A ewe is the female of a ram.
    ("j._._. 'il .J .?'..ill ...........,.. ..rz--i _b:.L_j ...,!i~l
    1-'un()a taaxio nu~~ bissat o-oakar ji
    1-'islaam. The female gets half the
    portion of a male in Islam.

    ?.1

    .J~U,:.

    'njr

    ..f..i 'anjar, _;-<;i 'angar

    p . .f"'\.ji 'anaajir,

    )wi 'anaagir (var. ~~ 'anyar p. ,~-Lii


    'anaayir) anchor. ..;.. _,....,Ll:.l ~~ 'anjar
    1-jalbuut the anchor of the jolly boat.
    (syn. oJ)~ paawra).

    l'iU,.

    'nc
    ~~

    'inc, 'inj p. -aat inch. 6...J. U. }>


    tuulha xamsa 'inc. It's five inches
    long.

    ~~

    r..JMU,:. 'ns

    ._,..;I:...... I

    staanas X 1. to have a good


    time, enjoy oneself. 4,l;UJ J J) l...:,.J
    c.pL.JI .J \..:........._j\.:.....IJ [icabna warag
    w-tgaddeena w-staanasna ji n-naadi.
    We played cards, had lunch, and had a
    good time at the clubhouse. L.. .;.._j(
    l?" ._rJt:;.,..j 'inta rna tistaanis hini. You
    will not enjoy yourself here. 2. to be
    happy (with s.th.) or comfortable (in a
    place). ~~I .J ...:.......-.i\.:.....1 .:,_j( 'inta

    21

    staanaast ji s-sigga? Were


    comfortable in the apartment?

    you

    ma/:zkamat li-sti'naafappeals court.

    .) .::, J ~ u ~

    ~! 'ins man, mankind. ~~J ~';I

    I~J 'ingiltra England. ~~~! ..:.....>- .J


    ril:zt 'ingiltara?
    Have you been to
    England?

    /-'ins w-1-jinn man andjinn, man and


    beast.
    ~!

    'insi human (being).

    ~C~J~u ~ 'nglyz

    \J"W naas people. l.>L...<a..o.J ~

    .)

    ..,..L:JI

    ~j/1 l-'ingiliiz the English people,


    the British.

    r--"'..L;&. ~ .:.r->i l.>~ 'in-naasji c;;d


    rum9aan yilbisuun 'al:zsan sayy
    cindahum.
    People
    during
    the
    Ramadhan Feast wear the best clothes
    they have. ..:_r---:!-4\J vl.i ~ fii naas
    waaydiin. There are a lot of people.
    (prov.) ~ vL......iJ ~ vl.i naas
    b-naciim w-naas b-jal:ziim. People are
    not the same.
    ~L......i)

    l. human being, man.


    -.,...:1 0\.......jl huwa 'insaan tayyib. He
    is a good man. 2. (with jl /-)man,
    mankind. Ju l.>l-..i';l 1-'insaanfaani.
    Man is mortal.

    ~.? ~! 'ingiliizi

    l. an Englishman.
    huwa 'ingiliizi min
    landan. He is an Englishman from
    London.
    2. the English language.
    !.,? ~! v J-l..: yidris 'ingiliizi. He is
    studying English. 3. characteristic of
    England. !.,? .r.-K;! yl::S"" ktaab 'ingiliizi
    English book.
    l)..L.;..\ i f !.,? ~!

    'insaan

    ~L..-..lJ

    'insaani pertaining to or
    of human beings,
    characteristic
    humane, humanitarian. JL__.._;l ~
    carnal 'insaani good, charitable deed.
    LJL-.....il
    .
    '

    'insaaniyya

    'ngltr

    humaneness,

    kindness

    L..i T 'aanisa p. -aat (polite form of


    address) Miss. oj y L ...}:J\ 1-'aanisa
    mooza. Miss Moza.
    Ju~ 'nf

    ~l::.....l sta'naf X to appeal, make an


    appeal. ~I ....A-iLl sta'nafl-/:zukum.
    He appealed the sentence.
    JL:.:.::....,.,I sti'naaf (v.n. from X ....A-iLl
    sta'naj) appeal. ._jL!:___.., ~~ ~

    I..)M

    uu ~

    'nns

    \J"~i 'ananaas pineapple.

    J j) ~

    'hi

    _JAi 'ahhal II to qualify, make suitable.


    ~J.;.j ~ ~ y L__.. 6,.._j\_. _,Lv

    macfuumaata rna t'ahhla yi$iir tindeel.


    His knowledge does not qualify him to
    become a supervisor. ~ y ~..)4-=
    jl_r-..j J_._.,a; sahaadtak t'ahhilk t~iir
    gazzaaz.
    Your certificate qualifies
    you to be a surveyor.

    ~u t'ahhal V to be or become
    qualified. J->- ...:-kG o..)4-=JI ~.1.:. Lr.)
    ~ _,.ll leen xaoeet s-sahaada t'ahhalt
    l:zagg 1-wa(Jiifa. When I obtained the
    certificate, I became qualified for the
    job.
    ~\::.......,.,1 staahal X 1. to deserve, be

    worthy of. ~ (,?i jA>~ L.. rna


    yistaahal 'ayya sayy.
    He doesn't

    22

    J-.S'

    deserve anything. ~
    ~~
    yistaahal kill xeer. He deserves the
    best. ,:r L;#- L.. . ~~ t.. ~ ~
    ~) ~i bnayya latiifa ma

    yistaahalha. ma cafeena min 'a$la


    w-fa$la. She is a good girl whom he
    doesn't deserve. Never mind his origin
    and ancestry.
    2. to be entitled to
    ~\.:.._j . .JL.. j .:r J..HJ.) ~ .!.IJ )\...:.
    o.)~j $aar-lak tistagil dreewil min
    zamaan. tistaahal ziyaada. You have

    been working as a driver for a long


    time. You deserve a raise.
    p. JU.i 'ahaali (var. ~hal)
    I. family, relatives. Y.!..ll~l) .!.ll.Ai 'ahlak
    wiyyaak? Is your family with you?
    L.. ~i 'ahil saalim Salim's relatives.
    2. people, inhabitants.~ y. ~i 'ahil
    bu (Jabi the people of Abu Dhabi, the
    Abu Dhabians. 3. wife. 1)\>.. _r-..U.I ~

    j.Ai 'ahil

    .; ~ <L.......i Y-fi.J

    hal 1-mudiir yaw


    w-yitrayyuuna barra. The manager's

    wife came and she is waiting for him


    outside.
    .._j ~ J.--.o>i 'ahil saraf
    honorable, magnanimous people. 4.
    followers, adherents. y~l J---->i 'ahl
    1-kitaab the followers of the heavenly
    books, usually Christians and Jews.

    ~i 'ahlan (usually !J4-.) ~i 'ahlan


    wa-sahlan!) welcome!

    ~i

    'ahli I. national. ~\11 ~~


    !-bank 1-'ahli the national bank. 2.
    private, non-governmental. ~i ....... J...~..o
    madrasa 'ahliyya private school. 3.
    civil ~j y .r harb 'ahliyya civil war.
    ~~je mu'ahhilaat qualifications,

    credentials. t.. ."-!L:S:JIJ ~I,;JI

    .._j f'i ....r"i

    ~t; ..;.,~ y r.,?J.:s. bass 'acrifli-graaya

    w-li-ktaaba.

    ma cindi mu'ahhilaat

    fJaanya.

    I know only reading and


    I do not have any other

    writing.
    qualifications.

    .J,. 'w
    Ji 'aw or. Y!ll~ Ji l..i__. ~li tabi haaoa
    'aw oaak? Do you want this one or
    that one?
    (":J) walla IS more
    commonly
    used than } 'aw.
    See J J .J wll).

    J fi u .J ,.

    'wtyl

    J-o:i)i 'uteel

    pl. -aat hotel. .J_,=UI j.;_,i


    !-hilton the Hilton Hotel.
    WLS> ..;.,_,:-.I ..;.,~) )11 1-'uteelaat stawat
    gaalya.
    Hotels have become

    'uteel

    expensive.

    I ~ ~..; .J ,. 'wrbbaa
    4JJJi 'uroobba Europe.
    ~JJJi 'uroobbi
    p. -yyiin
    I. a
    European. 2. characteristic of Europe.
    ~JJ)i .; ..f"'~ baaxra 'uroobbiyya
    European steamship.
    t,S J 1..; u ~ .J ,. 'wstraaly

    l:Jij-ooi 'ustraalya

    Australia.

    Jll-"Ji 'ustraa/i I. an Australian. 2.


    characteristic of Australia, Australian.

    U.J fi ~ lt.J .J ,. 'wkzywn


    iJy.,jW"i 'ukazyoon clearance sale,
    special sale.

    U [~ lt.J.J,. 'wksjn
    ~i 'uksijiin oxygen.

    J.J,. 'wl

    JJi 'awwal f. JJi 'uu/a, 'awwala p.


    ~1} 'awaayi/ l. first.

    of' J} 'awwal
    J} 'awwal

    marra the first time. ~

    23

    sayy the first thing. JJ \II ~1/-bint


    1-'awwa/a, 1-bint 1-'uu/a the first girl.
    2. beginning, first part of. ..1:i..:AJI J_,i
    'awwal 1-gee(J the beginning of the
    summer. (,?~I J} 'awwalli-~firi the
    beginning of autumn. J_,\11 .:.;-- min
    1-'awwal from the beginning. J5"' .J:i
    J_,\11 .y ..? git-la kill sayy min 1-'awa/
    I told him everything from the
    beginning. (prov.) .U L. J} .J L.
    Jl.i 'illi rna lah 'awwal rna lah taali
    (describes s.o. who pretends to be,
    e.g., loyal and faithful after he has
    proved to be otherwise). 3. before,
    previous. The day before yesterday.
    v---i J} ~~IJ ...:.-..5' Cint wiyyaahum
    'awwa/ ams. I was with them the day
    before yesterday. a.........-),.1 v---"i J}
    'awwal ams 1-yimca. The day before
    yesterday was Friday. 'i _,i 'awwalan
    first of all, firstly. rJ'i U' _,__..11 'i _,i
    ....;L.L..., ~ y. 'awwalan 1-micris /aazim
    yzahhib saamaana. First of all, the
    bridegroom has to get his things (i.e.,
    personal effects) ready.

    don't you go away!


    y

    ..

    'ay waa/:tid tibgaa? Which


    one do you want? or -,?i 'ay /:tazza?
    which hour? what time? when? (,?i .y
    k..-J ~ min 'ay balad 'inta? Which
    2. any
    country are you from?
    whichever, whatever. ~1_, -,?i ~
    catni 'ay waa/:tid. Give me anyone.

    'i ~ ,. J .J ~

    'wlmby

    ~Ji 'olimbi Olympic. the Olympic


    games.

    ''i 'i ~

    .J(j ~ yr

    .)l!l 'ayyaar May (month).

    ' Jc.j

    Y.Y

    'ii 1. yes. ~ ~l'ii nacam, ~\) (,)l


    'ii walla yes, indeed, certainly. 2.

    ':?!

    look, allright! !~U:. ~ L. ~ ~l'ii


    lees rna tincabb caad! Look, why

    yd

    "'-!.I

    'ayyad II to support, back. U'UI


    _r-JI ~.}> ~lj ~I 0J..l....:!.Y- n-naas
    y'ayyduun
    s-seex
    zaayid {awiil
    f-cumur. People support Shaikh Zayid,
    may he live long. 2. to confirm,
    endorse. ;; )j)l d..l\.A.:.....I p>- ..:...-4i 4...,P-1
    li-/:tkuuma 'ayyadat xabar stigaalat
    1-wizaara. The government confirmed
    the news of the resignation of the
    ministry.

    J_,i t ~I

    jtimaac 'awwali preliminary meeting.


    2. old, bygone. l:.~_,\11 0L.. )I l) ji
    z-zamaan l-'awwali in olden times, a
    long time ago.

    ':?1 'ay (var. 'ayya) 1. what, which. (,)i


    ~o~ ..L...>-IJ

    JJI

    JJi 'awwali I. first, initial

    Y.Y

    (.S (j ~

    ~u tayiid 1. support, backing.


    confirmation, endorsement.
    '!'

    J(j

    2.

    yd

    ..Lf.l 'iid (f.) p. J--41 'iideen (var. more


    common ~ yadd) I. hand. ,).>- ....AJ
    ~\ .!.l-41/iffcafa 'iidak 1-yimiin! Tum

    right! ! .!.1~1 ~ casat iidiC! God


    protect your (f.) hand (for having
    brought or handed s.th. to s.o.). -4 ~L...
    saacat yadd wrist watch. ~ ~
    santat yad handbag. (prov.) )...LA; L. ~
    l+.>- 4#- yaddin rna tigdar cafeeha
    hibbha Kiss the hand that you cannot
    overpower. (prov.) y .,._.. !I~ t1L..,.,i

    24
    o..L..:o-IJ 'a~aabic yaddak muub wabda.
    Different strokes for different folks.
    (prov.) J-A..a.i L.o o-l>-IJ -4 yadd wabda
    ma t~affig. One hand washes the other.
    Cooperate with others.
    2. power,
    control. ~ ~ .W L.o ma layadfiiha.
    He has nothing to do with it. ~-41 0:1
    been 'iidee in his power. -41 J tabat
    'iida in his control. ... ~ -4 ..b- batr
    yadda cala ... he took possession or
    control of s.th.

    ~..) li

    ,.

    'yrn

    l)l_~-J

    'iiraan Iran.

    ~1_~-J

    'iiraani p. -yyiin. 1. an Iranian.


    ~I I) ..:r--.t-l>.-1) ~1..1-1 ~ jii
    'iiraaniyyiin waaydiinfi 1-xaliij. There
    are many Iranians in the Gulf. 2.
    characteristic oflran, Iranian, Persian.
    ~I y .r--' <r".Jlill ~I J_,....A; <.S~
    _;1..1- 'jl tara nguull-xaliij 1-faarsi muub
    i-xaliij 1-'iiraani. Look, we say the
    Persian Gulf, not the Iranian Gulf. Jj
    Jl..l-1 zall 'iiraani. Persian rugs.

    VM(j,. 'ys
    ~i 'ayyas II to lose hope, to despair.
    .:J~\.!)1 .Jl....;...:..l I) w...:.ll .:.r-- ._,.-..li

    'ayyas min n-najaa/:1 fi mti/:laan


    r-riyaa{Jiyyat.
    He gave up hope of
    passing the mathematics examination.

    dMii,.

    'ys

    ~i 'ees what? (syn. ~) wed, r


    su) . ..!..Lc:-'1 ~i 'ees asmak? What's
    your name? ~_,......, ._;.i 'ees sawweet?
    What did you do? ~i 'eestiga?
    What do you want? ...f--i.J ~ ca[a
    wees? why? ~4.....4.JI U. ~) ,)>- ca[a
    wees ha 1-cafsa?
    What is this
    commotion for?

    u ..)4J'M:. IS ,. 'ysrb
    y JL.!:ol 'iisaarb
    scarf.

    p. -aat (woman's)

    J ,J J lj ,. 'ylwl
    JJo4i 'ayluul September.

    ...., b
    ~ b- (prefixed to n.) 1. with, by
    means of. ~~ b-s-sicCiin with a
    knife. ;; .J~~ b-s-sayyaara by car. pl~
    b-1-barr by land. ~~ b-1-bal)ar by
    sea. ;; ?W~ b-1-baaxra by steamship.
    ~J ~)f. L..; j_,..J facwazna b-rool)ta
    w-yayta. He bothered us with his
    goings and comings.

    iJJ~ b-duun without . .JJ~ ;; J+' Y ~


    ~

    yisrab gahwa b-duun sakar. He


    drinks coffee without sugar. '-'""_,li .J J~
    b-duun jluus (without money) free of
    charge, gratis. U"Y .J )~ b-duun gyaas
    extremely, disproportionately. .:.>L.S
    '-'""L,i .:.> J~ .J\.A.A"-- caan l)arngaan b-duun
    gyaas.
    He was very mad. ~~
    b-l-ga$b by force, by hook or crook .
    ..__.,a.;J~ ..:.-.. _.r carrasat b-l-ga$b. She
    got married by force. j)-~ b-1-beel
    hard. j)-~ ~ yistagil b-1-f:zeel. He
    works hard. ~L; b-t-tiib willingly.
    n

    11
    '\11
    IlL_, <L.:.J..L.:. \.::.,
    1~-~'-! .>)~
    .
    .
    btaaxoiina b-t-riib walla b-l-ga$b.
    fahamti?
    You must take him (as
    husband) by hook or crook. Do you
    understand? ~ b-gahar unwillingly.
    --->- J.J. b-ruu~- (with suff. pron.) b~
    oneself, alone. ~.J...S -~ ).J. }L..\
    ~i 'asaajir b-ruu~i. Cioi 'al;san. I
    travel alone. It's better this way . .:~-)~
    b-z-zeen well, nicely. .:~-)~ ~l.?
    caamilhum b-z-zeen. Treat them well.

    t.. ~

    b-saac quickly. t_ ~ JI..U) CJJ


    ruul; w-tacaal b-saac. Go and come
    back quickly.~ b-sakil in a certain

    manner. .J~ lJ ~ b-sakil rna


    yit$awwar to an inconceivable degree .
    .k....,a.Jw b-6-oabt exactly, acurately.
    ~~ }~.) ....,_. ..!..Wki 'atfubk rniyat
    dinaar b-l)-l)abt.
    You owe me a
    hundred dinars exactly. ~ b-cajal
    quickly, fast. ~ [_J.J ruu/:z b-cajal.
    Go quickly. ~ J __,...-3 ':J Ia tsuug
    b-cajal. Don't drive fast. 2. for. ~
    ~j_,JI b-karn 1-rnooz? How much are
    the bananas? ~ .J.) ;; ~ .J jy.L.ll
    d-darzan b.casara dirhirn.
    Ten
    dirhams for a dozen. c.,?l....J;. ~
    ~;; .J)..L...:50\ b-karn haaoi l-kandoora?
    How much is this dishdash? ~
    r-"'.J.) b-xarnsiin dirhirn. (It's) for 50
    dirhams. 3. in, at.~'-! c.,?y.l 'ubuuy
    b-1-bafiiz. My father is at the office.
    JtS .:.>l.5:..c. 1,.;TJ .:.>l.5:..c. huwa b-rnukaan
    w-aana b-rnukaan eaani. He is at one
    place and I am at another. .f- .k.>~uJ~ batt sakar b-c-caay.
    He put

    h
    4
    ~
    I
    ,I

    sugar m t e tea.
    . . ..r---- J' ..... ~
    s-biik rna tirmis? What's wrong with
    You are not talking. 4. by.
    you?
    Ji~ A--''U~ ~ ~} fariigna
    galabhum b-'arbac gwaal. Our team
    beat them by four goals. ~ ...:...> __;.j
    .h...i; ~ fuzt cafee b-xarns niga(. I
    beat him by five points. ~ ~
    ~~ xamsa b-sitta b-ealaaeiin. Five
    times six is thirty. 5. by (introducing

    an oath) ~) ~~ L..

    t_f_,....s-l)_r..;

    b-sarafi cumri rna sribt wiski. On my


    honor, I've never had any whiskey.

    lu

    26

    lu baa

    baaraat fi 1-'irnaaraat, laakin tigdar


    tisrab biira walla wiski fi 1-fundug.
    Now there are no bars in the U.A.E.,
    but you can drink beer or whiskey at a
    hotel.

    4 baa the name of the letter b.


    ulu baab
    see~.J~bwb.

    Y4 baab

    I~ I~ baabaa

    44 baaba pope. 1-baaba the Pope.


    J~ I~ baabl

    J-4 baabil

    Babylon.

    ~L! JT 'aal baabatiin the Babateen


    family

    ~JL! baarid (n.) soft drink. J)~

    BAPCo
    Petroleum Company).

    J$"~1 ~ 'asrab baarid cugb 1-'aki/. l


    have a soft drink after food.

    ,) I~ baaz
    baazi)

    (Bahrain

    baatry

    ~.,? j'u, baatri p. bataari battery.

    1-baazi yiswee. Don't kill the goose


    that lays the golden egg.

    o~l~ baash
    W4 baasa p. -waat 1. Pasha (title).
    (prov.) G'-! j~l _:.,":-! .JY':JI [-cawar
    been f-cim.vaan baasa. In the country
    of the blind the one-eyed man is king.
    2. good guy. well-liked person.

    ~'u. baajilla or baagilla (coil.) fava


    beans.

    ~'u. ~ habbat baajilla a fava bean.


    \

    .; I~ baar

    J5' ~ L.

    .;~1~ baa~r
    J~L! baa,wur

    p. ~ly. buwaa~iir
    piles, hemorrhoids . .J~~~ j_,~ .JY\J1

    .!.IJl.., rna ca{eet kill baark. You did not


    exert all of your strength.

    1-baa~uw

    "..) I~ baar
    J~ baar

    y[acwiz

    1-'insaan

    Hemorrhoids bother people .


    p. -aat bar, tavern. L. ~b

    _,.-:..;)..LA.;~ ,..:,..\)L...~\ -) ..::..>\)~ ~


    J..L:..JI -) ~) '1 J oJ':-! oal~ziin ma fii
    y

    p. l,)jly. bawaazi. (prov.) }'

    (.,) ~ (.,) jL,ll j .T-!. L,. 'illi rna ycarj

    JJ[I~ baajll

    JL! baar strength, power.

    '-<'r

    .)L! baaz falcon (also known as ;,j};

    .J~~ I~ baabkw

    ~ ~ baabko

    C,.J4 baari/:1 (strong wind that blows in


    the summer and lasts for forty days,
    usually accompanied by a lot of dust).

    ..).; I~ baard

    baabtyn

    ~~ baabatiin (prominent Kuwaiti


    family).

    II.; ~ I ~

    J'u. baar fulcrum, center of weight.


    e,.;l~ baar}J

    ~~ baabili 1. a Babylonian. 2.
    characteristic of Babylon, Babylonian.

    u'i ~ ~ I ~

    .;I~ baar

    t I~

    baac

    t 'I-!

    baac

    p.

    t_ ly. bwaac

    outstretched anns,

    span of the

    fathom (six feet

    J .) ~u.

    27
    approx.). t_IJ-! ~ I.A._,.b {uulha xams
    bwaac. It's about thirty feet long.
    ~~~

    baak
    ~~ baak p. -aat back player (in
    soccer). !l~ ~ yilcab baak. He is a
    back player.

    ~ ~ VM lo!J I ~ baakstn

    1)\.::....S'~I 1-baakistaan Pakistan.

    JI.::....S'~ baakistaani p. -yyiin, -yya 1.


    a Pakistani.
    2. characteristic of
    Pakistan. ~I ~ .J-:!..l:o:-IJ ~l:;...S"'-! ,Y

    fii baakistaaniyya waaydiinfi 1-xaliij.


    There are many Pakistanis in the Gulf.
    I,)M

    J I~

    ~I ~.) J ._;..JA-~1 ~~

    1-baanuus
    w-dasseena
    xaoeena
    1-ba/:tar. We took the canoe and we
    went down to the sea.

    .JJ I~ baawr
    JJL! baawar power, force. jyoJJ~
    baawar-hooz p. -aat powerhouse.

    i.;J I~ baawra

    oJJL!

    baawra (var. paawra) p. _r-ly.


    buuwaayir, -aat fisherman's anchor.
    syn. __,_..zi 'angar, ~i 'anjar. l...:,.k\S.
    J..l...i Li...W J oJJWI gaa!{eena 1-baawra
    w-gacadna n/:tadig. We let down the
    anchor and started to fish.

    baals

    ~~ baa/is shoe polish.

    JJJ I~

    baalwl

    J_,JL!

    baaluul (coli.) salmon. s. a.!)'-!


    baaluula. ~ J)W11-baaluul {ayyib.
    Salmon is delicious.

    II f' I ~

    canoe.

    ~~~

    btt

    r-=-=

    ~ batt
    ybitt) (usu. with ~ fi) to
    decide on s.th. ~ -=--= J~ Lo . .).) ~ yo
    ~\11 huwa mitraddid. mayigdar ybitt
    fi 1-'amir. He is hesitant. He cannot
    decide on the matter.

    i~~u

    baamy

    btta

    ~ batta

    ~~

    baamya (coli.) okra. s. ~'-! ~


    }:tabbat baamya. ~ J .bW l.!J ~WI
    ~j ._;.....JS' l-baamya wiyya tamaat
    w-la}:tam killiS zeen.
    Okra with

    p. -aat (var. patta) 1. deck


    of playing cards. ~ ~~ stareet
    I bought two decks of
    battateen.
    cards. ~ WJ ~ .,pUil..;.;...J

    tomatoes and meat is very delicious.

    1.:........-il:.....IJ

    ~II .j ~ I ~ baanzyn
    ~Y-}L!

    baanziin gasoline. jl...::! J-}'-l


    baanziin mumtaaz premium gasoline.
    ~.,pw J-}~ baanziin caadi regular
    gasoline.
    JJHI
    'J-)WI
    1-baanziin, siW 1-batrool
    the gas

    J- jL!

    baanws
    baanuus

    went to the clubhouse. We had dinner,


    played cards and had a good time.

    J.; ~ ~

    btrl

    JJ.i'--! batrool

    1. petroleum. o)jJ

    J JHI wizaarat 1-batrool

    the ministry

    of petroleum. JJ..i'-! ..u,.IJ ~ ~ y.i


    'abu 9abi tintij waajid batrool. Abu

    station.

    JM J uI ~

    ri/:tna n-naadi. tcasseena


    w-licabna batta w-staanasna.
    We

    Dhabi

    p. ~ly. buwaaniiS

    produces a lot of. petroleum.

    JJJ----! ~

    tilac batrool.

    Petroleum

    28
    gushed out. 2. gasoline. J JHI ~
    siist 1-batrool the gas station. J )}-!
    jl....:.t batrool mumtaaz super gasoline.
    (.,5-:lU JJN batrool caadi regular
    gasoline. ~ jL.:1 JJ~ .j;-1" Li~
    ~ (.,5-:lWI JJ.HI cindana hini batrool
    mumtaaz bass. l-batroo/1-caadi galiil.
    We have here super gasoline only.
    Regular gas is rare.
    66~ bee

    yimca w-dass s-sugul. Jurn'a went out


    early and went to work.

    _;---$: bitir (var. ~ bikir) p. oJ~


    bakaara 1. first-born (m. or f.).-/'
    _r)l hiya l-biCir. She is the first-born.
    .._..i fi .>"' huwa bitir 'umma. He is his
    mother's first-born baby. 2. virgin.
    ..r>.: ~~ <.,>:U haaoi 1-bint biCir. This
    girl is a virgin.
    ~

    ~ baee (~ ybi8e) to broadcast,


    transmit. ~ J~ '.11 ~ ~ y. _,:.:liJ
    ~HI J ..;:.,l.r" raadyo bu {jabi ybiee
    1-'axbaar xams marraatji 1-yoom. The
    Abu Dhabi Radio Station broadcasts
    the news five times a day.

    ~ baee (v.n.) J~ '.11 ~ baee


    1- 'axbaar broadcasting the news.

    :! baeii8 dessert made up of flour,


    dates, cardamom and butter.
    f' I~~ bjaam
    L~ bijaama

    p. -aat

    G~l ~ L..

    .:.l ~ Jl...b nihin taal

    pajamas.<.).

    cumrak rna nilbis 1-bijaama. We, God


    prolong your life, do not wear
    pajamas. ~i o.:lU. 0~1 u--:1 fibs
    1-bijaama caada 'aynabiyya. Wearing
    pajamas is a foreign custom.
    .; ~ ~ bcr

    mbactir (act. part.) p. -iin.


    having come early .. ~_r-11 ~ ~_,..:.;i
    . .J-lj 'acuufak mbacCir 1-yoom. zeen..
    I see that you carne early today.
    That's good.

    .r'-! baaCir (syn. oJ..)j:. gudwa, oJv.


    bukra)
    1. tomorrow. ~I .rlo
    baatir s-sabt. Tomorrow is Saturday.
    _r~ ~ cugub baaCir. the day after
    tomorrow. _r ~ ._,/= yiji baatir. He is
    coming (or he will come) tomorrow.
    c:IJJ _r~ .:r ji..:JI ..;.:li 'adiss -s-sugul
    min baatir w-raayih. I will report for
    work as of tomorrow. 2. soon, in the
    near future. _r~ !..!..l.>- )J ~ ~~
    .:l y
    JL..:,. J <.,> _r--; 'istah ca[a ruubak!
    baaCir tistawi rayyaalin cood. Shame
    on you! Soon you will become an old
    man.

    'i ri ~

    bey

    ~ bica (~ yibCi) 1. to cry, weep.

    iLJ1 1~ _;>.: ~1!-yiM baccar haaoa

    ~ i\j ~I t:' 0;-l!een simac 1-xabar


    gaam yibCi. When he heard the news,
    he started to weep. ~ -4\J l_f.: ._,..l:.ll
    i ~ ii ..::...;L.. n-naas bicaw waayid
    leen maatat 'umm kalf)uum.
    The
    people cried very much when Umm

    f-caam.

    Kalthum (an Egyptian singer) died. 2.

    ~ baccar (less common var. ~


    bakkar) l. to come early. ~ .:.l }-:-? ~ _r-11 mbaarak hini. 1-yoom baccar.
    Mubarak is here.
    He came early
    today. 2. to go out early, set out early.

    Watermelons ripened early

    this year. y._..;JI ,_}.:l J ~ _/ baccar

    (with ~ cafa) to mourn, lament.

    J.:

    29
    ..:..I_,..... \II~ bica cala 1-'amwaat. He
    mourned the dead. JJ\11 .J\... )I Js- ~

    bica cala z-zamaan 1-'awwali.


    cried over the olden times.

    He

    bacca II to make s.o. cry. p>- y\.>..


    LJLt.: J ~j y y yaab xabar muub zeen
    w-baccaana. He brought bad news
    and made us cry. ~ p>- \.La. haaoa
    xabar ybacCi. This is a news item that
    makes people cry.
    nbica VII (with Js- cala) to be
    cried over. ~ ~ Lo ~~ l..i...A
    haaOQ S-Sayy ma yfnbfCi Ca/ee. ThiS
    thing is not worth crying over.
    ~~

    c~

    bJ:z
    ~

    ba}:z, as in ~ ~ bal:z bal:z (said by a


    mother
    to
    her child as an
    encouragement to eat).
    uc~ bJ:zt

    bal:zt (invar.) pure, unmixed. \.La.


    ..:.-..t: t~ haaoa Claax babt. That's
    pure lies.

    c~

    bl:z()

    ~!.....$.

    bi}:za() (~ yibbaO) I. to look,


    search. ~ ~ Lo J ~ bi}:za() w-ma
    He looked and found
    ligi sayy.
    nothing. (with ,y- can) to look for s.o.
    or s.th. o_r-AJ \... J ~ IY, biha()u canna
    wa ma ligyuuh. They looked for him
    but did not find him. 2. to investigate,
    examine. ~I~ o)j}l/-wizaara
    tib}:za() 1-muskila.
    The ministry is
    3. to
    investigating the problem.
    discuss. ~~~~}I .J~
    yibha()uun l-wa9c s-siyaasi. They are
    discussing the political situation.
    ~~

    ~I

    nbi}:za() VII to be discussed. l..i.a.


    haaoa maw(Juuc ma
    yinba}:zaO. This is a topic that cannot
    be discussed.
    ~ Lo t~ y

    ~!-.$.

    bal:z() (v.n.) I. discussion. l..i.a. ..::....>:


    ~_,k ..::.....iJ C ~ t~ _,1.1 ba}:z() haaoa
    1-maw(Juuc yi}:ztaaj wagt {awiil.
    Discussing this topic needs a lot of
    time. 2. (research) paper. :.? ..::....>: r..U
    t_ L....:,.,. ':11 gaddam ba}:z() ji 1-'ijtimaac.
    He submitted a paper at the meeting.
    baa}:zi() p. -iin. t_ ~\
    baal:zi() 'ijtimaac. social worker.
    ~L!

    ~~

    cc~ bM
    ~

    together. w,6.)1 ~ I_,.......A..ijiJ lp-~


    tbaaha()aw w-ttafgaw cala 1-talba.
    They conferred and agreed on the
    dowry.

    tbaa}:za() VI to confer, discuss

    baM (ybil:zl:z) to make hoarse.


    C:-! JU. )1 li-zcaag bal:zl:z $OOii.
    Shouting has made my voice hoarse .
    !~ ~ ~ ':1 Ia tbi/:zb $OOtak! Don't
    make yourself hoarse!
    ~~

    bal:zl:za hoarseness.

    1:.~ mabbuub hoarse, husky.


    C~

    $OOti mabbuub

    J "'-

    my voice is

    hoarse.

    .JC ~

    bbr

    bab}:zar II I. to travel by sea . .:.>lS""


    l....i?: J ~j l_rl.l caan 1-hawa zeen
    w-bal;zbarna. The weather was good
    and we travelled by sea. Y..:...?: !.l _,.scumrak bab}:zart?
    Have you ever
    travelled by sea? 2. to set sail, put to
    sea. ~L.!...il _?"~ ~ ;;.rWI 1-baaxra
    tbal:zl:zir baaCir nsaa!fa. The steamship
    sails tomorrow, hopefully.

    30

    .;S: bal)ar p. J~ bl)uur, J\..;C, bl)aar


    sea, ocean. Yl .J-! ?: bal)ar bu 'imya
    sea, about 100 meters deep, very deep
    sea. .,....;.s- )-! ~ bal)ar bu casir sea,
    about 10 meters deep. ?cyl .r-..,11
    1-bal)ar 1-'al)mar the Red Sea. ~I
    :J.r- cyl 1-bal)ar 1-'aswad the Black Sea.
    ..:.......).1 _r-..,ll 1-bal)ar 1-mayyit the Dead
    Sea. ~ .:r a....k.4; nig(a min bal)ar a
    drop in the ocean. 2. person (m. or f.)
    of extensive knowledge, learned
    person. r _r-l.JI .:.r-- ~ .J")lj .J _,.J ~
    yguuluun flaan bal)ar min [-cu[uum.
    They say so-and-so is a learned man.
    ~I 1-bal)ar Al-Bahar (prominent
    family in the Gulf states).

    ~~~ 1-bal)reen Bahrain '.J-:!~1

    o~ "Y) o.r-:! j>." "!.I. I 1 2u1


    1-bal)reen, 'a!!a ysa/limk, jiziira walla
    Bahrain, God protect
    ciddit juzur.
    you, is an island or many islands.
    -.....;) ._:r-~1 1-bal)reen winsa. Bahrain
    is fun.
    J j--->."

    ~~~ bal)raani p. "-i J\..;C, bal)aarna


    one belonging to the Shia sect in
    Bahrain. .:r-~1 l) ..I....! I) 4....i J~ ~ fii
    bal)aarna waayid fi 1-bal)reen. There
    are many Shiites (i.e., followers of
    Ali) in Bahrain.
    ,.pt.~ bal)reeni p. -yyiin I. a Bahraini.

    r:JI} ..}~ ~~~ 1-bal)reeniyyiin


    xoos 'awaadim. Bahrainis are good
    people. 2. characteristic ofBahrain,
    Bahraini. ~.?-: ._;.W gmaas bahreeni
    pearls from Bahrain.

    '-? _rS: bal)ri I. sea, marine. J.J:!.r--J1


    c.?_;->: .JI_p.- 1-yaryuur l)ayawaan bal)ri.
    The shark is a sea animal. c.?_;->: p.1

    (eer bal)ri sea bird. !.,? ?: .!.L:-- simac


    bal)ri sea fish, ocean fish. 2. naval.
    '-:?~ J_,1z........f 'us(uul bal)ri naval fleet.
    ~?: o..~.&-U gaacda bal)riyya naval
    base.
    ~~ bal)riyya (usually with the article
    prefix jl/-) ~/cyl ~~1/-babriyya
    1-'amriikiyya the American Navy.

    jl..S': bal)l)aar p . .r-V: bl)aabiir, o)t.


    bal)l)aara sailor.

    ~JC":" bl)tg

    J--1$.

    bal)lag (~ ybal)lig) to stare.


    .1~ ~iw_r- .J~~~V't;y
    fii naas teen ysuufuun burma
    'ajnabiyya ybal)ilguun.
    There are
    people who stare when they see a
    foreign woman.

    ut":"

    bxt

    ~ baxt

    ..:..> ~

    bxuut (syn. ki)a9()


    p. .1 _,.....b. h{Juu{J) luck. ~~
    Gl,>- .) _r.:---.$" J);, ~ 1-baxt yifcab
    door kbiir fi l)ayaata. Luck plays an
    important role in his life. l.. .~i \..
    ~
    rna 'a[cab. ma-li baxt. I won't
    play. I have no luck.
    p.

    .;u t":"

    bxtr

    tbaxtar (~ yitbaxtar) to strut,


    swagger. !~1.) ~ "Y [a titbaxtar
    fi l-maSi! Do not strut when you
    walk.

    o?: baxtara (v.n.) strutting.

    tt":'
    C:!

    bxx
    baxx

    (t7- ybuxx)

    to sprinkle, spray.

    ~~ ~ c..fl.. ..L.:>:-IJ ~ ':} la tb!L"(X


    waajid maay caza [-ceeS. Don't spray

    much water on the rice.

    31
    4,;-1:.;

    ..J

    t ":'

    censer, incense holder ..: .....\.iJ ~~ l>.~ ?WI ya s-seex w-gaamat


    1-mabaaxir tistagil. The Shaikh came
    and censers were put to use.

    baxxaaxa p. -aat sprinkler.

    bxr

    _r$. baxxar II 1. to evaporate, vaporize.


    baxxar 1-maay. He evaporated
    the water. 2. to perfume s.o. or s.th.
    with incense. .JL..k,:.:. 0~ ~I IJ~
    ~I __,..I.J .:.r-- ..P.:!l....;.,. baxxaraw l-ga$ir
    li'an xu((aar yayiin min raas 1-xeema.
    They burned incense in the palace
    because some guests are coming from
    Ras Al-Khaima.
    3. to disinfect,
    fumigate. ~ JS or- ~I 0 J~
    ybaxxruun li-mjammac marra kill
    sahar. They fumigate the complex
    once every month.
    (.,>1..1.1 )4

    ~ tbaxxar V I. to evaporate, be
    evaporated. (.,>Lll ~ tbaxxar 1-maay.
    The water evaporated 2. to perfume
    oneself with incense in a o~
    mabxara. e:_l1 ':i J;; J~ tbaxxar gabil
    Ia tifac. He perfumed himself (with
    incense) before he went out. 3. to
    vanish, disappear. L) ~I$"% JS
    I_,AI kill kalaami tbaxxar ji 1-hawa. All
    my words (of advice, guidance,
    warning) vanished into the air.

    Ju.; buxaar steam, vapor.

    4i.) l.JI; buxaari steam, steam-driven.


    ~.J 1>. "'-';;'::A)-....

    sajiina

    buxaariyya

    steamship.
    .)~

    baxxaar p. -aat private garage.

    .)~
    .J~

    baxxuur (coli.) incense (s . .::. y


    cuud baxxuur incense stick).

    c.l~\11

    tJ J~\

    CJ~yistacimluun

    1-baxxuur fi 1- 'afraal;.
    incense in weddings.
    o~ mabxara

    p.

    They use

    .;>-4- mabaaxir

    of'l-!

    baaxra
    p. ,..>-ly. buwaaxir
    steamship ~o ?W4 ...:... ) L - !.! ~
    cumrak saafart b-1-baaxra? Have you
    ever travelled by steamship?
    ~

    tabxiir II (v.n. from )4 baxxar)


    evaporation, vaporization.
    :.

    :. ;. u

    I.)M I.)M """

    bxss

    baxsas (~ ybaxsis) 1. to
    tip s.o., give a tip to s.o. o_rs. ~
    ~.J::. baxsasta casara dirhim. I tipped
    him ten dirhams. 2. to bribe. ~
    ~.J::. 0 __,#. baxsasa b-malyoon dirhim.
    He bribed him with a million dirhams.

    . - L.._..

    Ill ''//'

    ~I..S""zzma

    ybaxsis ma yitbaxsaS. He ~ho doesn't


    bribe cannot be bribed.
    ~

    tbaxsas (~ yitbaxsas) I.
    to be tipped. 2. to be bribed. J.,z ..:..Ji
    ~ L..... ...L.....>IJ ~ 'inta tguul fii
    waal;id ma yitbaxasas?
    Are you
    saying that there is someone who
    cannot be bribed?
    ~ baxsiis I. tip, gratuity . .)WI
    ~ .!.U 1-baagi lak baxsiis. -The
    change is a tip for you. 2. bribery.
    .::.~1 ~ ~ ~~ 1-baxsiis
    mintiSir fi
    li-blaad.
    Bribery is
    widespread in the country .

    Jt~ bxl

    J..l':

    bixal (~ yibxal) to be stingy,


    miserly. ~ j.JC: bixal ca[a to be
    miserly toward s.o. or s.th. ~ ~
    !.!..L.>JJ ~ Ia tibxal cafa ruul;ak!

    32
    ~4

    Don't live scantily! Don't be miserly!


    !~JL.!Y. L;.# I~ 'j !~I .Jl-ol I) ji
    maan-i-/laah!
    Ia tibxalu cafeena
    b-ziyaaratkum! Goodbye! Don't be
    stingy with your visits to us.

    1.:14 mabda'iyyan initially, originally.


    ~I"'-! bidaa'i primitive. JJ\11 .J\.. )I l)
    L,SI~ ..:....;LS"" <.l"'L...:JI o~ fi z-zamaan
    1-'awwali l:zayaat
    n-naas caanat
    bidaa'iyya.
    In the olden times
    people's life was primitive.

    bixil stinginess. y ~ ~ Nl
    1-bixil #fa muub zeena. Stinginess
    is not a good quality.
    ~

    4.:.!j

    baxiil p. -iin, ~ buxala


    stingy, miserly. 2. a stingy person.
    ,. oJ ~

    ~ '-1..1....::!1 btidaa'an min beginning


    from, as of. ~ ~.J.....:$. _?4 .y ~1-'=!1
    btidaa'an min baaCir cindi cut/a. As
    of tomorrow I will be on vacation.

    I.

    bd'

    1..1....::!1 btida VIII (v.) to begin, start. 1_,..1


    1~1 .h....,ill . ..l...,iiJ JL....;..

    1-hawa l:zaarr
    waayid 1-gee(i btida. The weather is
    very hot. Summer has started. 1~1
    ~ tJ..rJI btida z-zaric yif[ac. Plants
    have started to sprout. (v.t.) to begin,
    start s.th. <L.Aij 1~1 ~ bxiit btida
    zaama.
    Bakhit started his work
    schedule. (with foil. imperf) to start
    to do s.th. ~ 1~1 btidayistagil. He
    started to work.
    1..1....::!1 btida (v.n.) beginning, start. 1...\.b
    ~ I~ 'il daayman li-btida $acb.
    The beginning is always difficult.
    I~ mabda p. lS~~ mabaadi I.
    principle. I~ .:> )~ JL>.- J rayyaal
    biduun mabda man of no principles.
    2. starting point, beginning. ~ I..Y.I
    1-mabda hni. The starting point is
    here. lS~~ mabaadi I. fundamentals,
    essentials. a.....__.,...IJILS~~ mabaadi
    1-handasa
    fundamentals
    of
    engineering. 2. ideology. y )-1 lS~~
    mabaadi 1-l},izib the ideology of the
    (political) party. t.I...I.A lS.:l~ mabaadi

    haddaama subversive ideology, i.e.,


    communism.

    mabda'i original, initial.

    ~I~ I

    btidaa'i elementary, primary.


    a......... J..L.o madrasa btidaa'iyya
    elementary school.
    4.........,.!1~1

    oJ oJ ~

    bdd

    ~...~....!

    haddad II to waste, squander. )~


    J.-" o...Lf>.- J5' baddad kill jihda
    cafa wala sayy. He wasted all his
    efforts for nothing. !.!,l..._...,.,U ~~ 'lla
    tbaddid jluusak!
    Do not squander
    your money.
    ~ 'i)

    ~I stabadd X 1. to rule arbitrarily,


    tyrannically.
    ~ ~I f'L:I-1
    1-baakim stabadd b-bukma. The ruler
    acted tyrannically in his rule. 2. to be
    independent (e.g., in one's opinion)
    ~l.r. ~I stabadd b-raaya. He was
    obstinate. 3. to act arbitrarily. _}...dl
    JL...J~ ~ \... ..:r-) t-tindeel z-zeen ma
    yistabidd b-f_cummaal.
    A good
    supervisor doesn't act arbitrarily with
    the workmen.

    ~~~~ stibdaad

    (v.n. from ~ 1
    stabadd) despotism, arbitrariness.
    'i~l~l stibdaadi arbitrary, despotic.

    <,PI~!~
    despotic rule.

    bukum

    stibdaadi

    33

    ..L:=--- mistibidd p. -iin I. a tyrant. 2.


    tyrannical.
    ~ bidd (only in the set phrase .y ~ ':J
    Ia bidd min it is inevitable that).
    (prov.) ~ ')U ~ .J.)i ~Y-' ~ 1.)1
    .J ~I .:r y _r.J. 'ioa habbat hbuubak
    'aoir canha fa-/a bidd Ia li-hbuub min
    s-sikuun. If you are in luck's way

    move away from it; it is inevitable that


    there will be quiet after a storm.
    .) .J "":' bdr

    )..~....! badir

    full moon. u,J


    .J~I
    1-badir yi(fac lee/at
    There will be a full
    xamistacsar.
    moon on the evening ofthe fifteenth
    (ofthe hegira month).

    _,-:;.s.

    t. .J "":'

    4..____io..

    bdC

    p. t_ ~ bidac heresy,
    heretical doctrine. U'.>l.O u~ J5' kill
    bidca {Jalaala.
    Every heresy is a
    departure from the right path (i.e., it is
    an error). t_ ~I J...'> hal 1-bidac the
    heretics.

    U..l.! bidca

    J ,J "":'

    bdl

    J.l..! baddal II 1. to exchange for or


    replace s.o. or s.th. with s.o. or s.th.
    else. !_~-L.:.ll J~ baddil t-taayir!
    Change the tire! J-t-u .Jl.S...UI c_I.J
    ._,a _. ; h raal:z d-dikkaan w-baddal
    1-gamii$. He went to the store and
    exchanged the shirt . ..:.J~J i _r-ll ..:...L:. J
    <..?"" _,!; wi$alt 1-yoom w-baddalt fluusi.
    I arrived today and exchanged my
    money. .:_r- .:.r-->" i i _HI ~ _,!; J .J..:j _,J
    ~ .J ';J...UI ./'--" .J~ ..?~ /o tbaddil
    jluusak 1-yoom 'al:zsan min baacir /i'an
    If you
    sicr id-doolaar yitxa.ffa{J.

    exchange your money today, it's better


    than tomorrow because tomorrow the
    exchange rate for the dollar will be
    low. 2. to change, alter. ..::..1.&-L... I}~
    iiJ..LJI baddalaw saacaat d-dawaam.
    They changed the working hours. 3.
    to change clothes. ..!.L- J..u. J~ i _,..i
    JS'U J L...iJ guum baddil hduumak
    Go change your
    w-racaal naakil.
    clothes and come so that we might eat.
    "----' J..u. J~ ~ ~; trayyeeta leen
    baddal hduuma. I waited for him until
    he got dressed.
    J~ tbaddal V to be changed. The
    work schedule was changed. il)l l.ia.
    J~ L... haaoa z-zaam ma yitbaddal.
    This work schedule cannot be
    changed.

    J..L...!

    bidal
    (no p.) 1. substitute,
    alternate. ~ ..,UI yl::S:JI J~ Jlk&cataani bidal li-ktaab illi {Jayyacra.

    He gave me a replacement for the


    book I lost.
    2. compensation,
    reimbursement. ...___. Jl:-o J~ bidal
    myaawama per diem. 3. rate, fee.
    !.11~1 J~ bidal istiraak. subscription
    rate. L. J~ bidal-ma (conj.) instead of
    ~ iu ._,....J..l..:! L. J~ bidal-ma yidris
    gaam yifcab. Instead of studying, he
    went to play .
    l:r-' J..l.! bidal min (prep.) instead of, in
    place of. o~~ .:_r- J~ l.?u.; ~~
    sribt caay bidal min 1-gahwa. I had
    tea instead of coffee.

    Jl..l.! bidaal- (with suff. pron.) in place


    of. Jl~ bidaali in place of me.~~~
    bidaa/hum in place of them.

    34

    u .Ju.
    u oJ u.

    t ,j~ box

    bdn

    t~ bioax (t~ yibOax)

    IJ..l..! badan p. .JI-L!i 'abdaan body,


    trunk, torso. ~.)i ~ .J-L! badan bani
    'aadam human body.

    to spend
    (money) lavishly. .U~ ~ ~ 1 J t~
    yibOax waayid ca[a yihhaala. He
    spends a lot on his children.

    ~-4 badani physical. ~--4 a......;:.4J


    riyaapa badaniyya physical exercise.

    tl-4 baooaax
    .; ,j ~ bOr

    J..l~ bdw

    )~ baooar

    J..l..! badu (coli.) Bedouins. s. c.? J--4

    II 1. to waste, squander.
    ~~ ~ >~,.__, p J.5' J~ baaoar kill
    jluusa cata s-sikir. He wasted all his
    money on drinking. 2. to go to seed.
    J~ t_J,;JI z-zaric baiJoar. The plants
    have gone to seed.

    bidwi. ~~ .J ~ J-WI 1-badu


    yaskunuun !-barr. Bedouins live in
    the desert. J')L.:.i ~ o~ c.? J~l
    li-bdiwi Cinda siimat 'axlaag.
    A

    Bedouin is of good moral character.

    IJJ..l..! bdiwi (adj.) nomadic. ~J--4


    bayaa bdiwiyya nomadic life.
    :i......u-4 bdiwiyya, badawiyya

    J.l....:J tbaiJIJar V to be wasted . .)fi"'" J5'

    o~

    p. -aat

    ~~4 baadya
    p. c..j.)I.J--1 bawaadi
    semidesert, steppe (usually with/-)-""

    J-"' .:..r-

    biduun (prep.) = bi-duun, see

    J-4- mbaiJIJir
    J ,j ~

    under u.J J dwn.

    'I.S oJ ~

    r~ oJ ~

    ~ _;_,..

    Ll ----- ....--

    seeds.

    p. -iin spendthrift.

    bOt

    J~ bioal (J~ yibOil) 1. to expend,

    I..I.::.! I btida VIII see under,. J ':I bd'.

    exert. LIJ..UI l)

    ~.) 4 baadya,

    jihd kabiir

    see under .J J ':I bdw.

    ~ J~ c..j-L! ...;; ; 'abgaak trannig badi

    ':?~ baoi p. ~-4 baoii'iin foul,


    obscene. c.?~ r"j._S' kalaam baoi foul
    talk. .JL...-lJI c.?~ baoi 1-/isaan
    foul-mouthed.

    ..L.p.- J~ bioal

    He exerted
    in studying. 2. to

    J->-- 'Y .._r;. JS ..:.J~

    caayilti. I sacrificed everything for the


    sake of my family's honor.

    sayyaarti.

    ,j ~ bO'

    d-diraasa.

    ~L...s. bioalt kill sGJ-Y lajil sara/

    IJ..l....t badi p. -yaat body of a car. !.llA,i


    I want you to paint the
    body of my car.

    fi

    great efforts
    sacrifice. J ~

    l,j .J~ bdy

    p.

    J-4 bioir (coli.) s. oJ-4 biiJra

    huwa min hall-baadya.

    He is one of the desert dwellers.

    uJ..l....t

    U - .Y"'
    Ctl

    I ..,di kill
    ..rjhuud t-tindeel bagg tafniis l-kuuliyya
    tbaiJoarat.
    All the efforts of the
    supervisor for laying off the coolies
    were wasted.

    ..:...> .i_j

    Bedouin woman or girl.

    a....:.)WI

    p. -iin spendthrift.

    f.S.JU bry

    ':?) L:JI 1-baari God, the Creator.


    l.r! barra II to acquit, clear.~ J.l?.l"i
    L...f;JI ,:.;--e ~~ 'uxuuy barrata
    The court
    cleared my brother of the accusation.

    1-mabkama min t-tuhma.

    35
    I~

    tbarra V 1. to be acquitted, be
    cleared.
    2. to disassociate oneself
    from. ~I ,y I~ Ibarra min ibna. He
    disowned his son.

    4?.r-l bari,

    ~<..? .r!

    barii' p. -iin 1.
    innocent. <.,? .r! ~ J o_rS'b- l)aakamoo
    w-{ilac bari. They tried him (in court)
    and he turned out to be innocent. 2.
    free, having nothing to do with . .J~
    ~ <..?.r! Y' !-:r.)~ cyaa/a baf{aaliin;
    huwa bari minhum. His kids are bad;
    he has nothing to do with them. 2.
    harmless. <.,? .r-! ~~ yaahil bari
    innocent child.
    o~lr. baraa'a

    {ilac baraa'a.
    guilty.

    guiltlessness. o~l.r. ~
    He was found not

    t,l.;~ braag

    t_ lr, braag bragh (Kuwaiti dish made


    up of rolled grape leaves with rice and
    meat).
    \

    .)~.)~ brbr

    barbar (f..fr!. ybarbir) to chatter,


    talk aimlessly. f..J-:-!. .:li.J ..r. !~ Ju L..
    ma gaal sayy; bass raad ybarbir. He
    did not say anything; he just wanted to
    chatter.
    .)"'!f.

    f,)ll-barbar (coli.) the Berbers.

    'I'

    .)~.)~ brbr

    o~f. 1. Barbara (region along the


    coast of Somalia). 2. Barbara (city in
    the region of Barbara).
    '-?J'.r.f. barbaraawi p. -yya
    from Barbara.
    Barbara.

    .) 'i ~.) ~

    1. person
    2. characteristic of

    brbyr

    barbiir (coll.)
    herbaceous plants.
    s.
    barbiir. 2. parsley.

    .J:---I.f.

    J ~ u.; ~

    greens,

    1.
    ft-!f.

    c_f' cirj

    brtgl

    JL...Qjf.
    ULZ.r.

    burtagaal (coil.) oranges. s.


    burtagaala. r~I JU. JLZpli
    1-burtagaal gaali 1-yoom. Oranges are
    expensive today . ..;,..~LZ .r. ~ ..:...
    kaleet xams burtagaalaat. I ate five
    oranges. JL...Z.r. ~~I stareet
    burtagaal. I bought oranges.

    u6.; ~

    br(}n

    ~f. bir8in p.

    Lll.r. baraa8in claw (of

    a bird of prey or of an animal) .


    ~.)~ brj

    [_.)"'! birj p. c_l.r. braaj (more common


    var. <.,? .r. biri p. ~l.r. braaya) 1. tower.

    <.,? .r. U

    o.JL..l JS' kill'imaara /aha

    barbari p. o,r.l..r. baraabra 1. a


    Berber.
    2. characteristic of the
    Berbers. 3. barbaric, uncivilized.

    biri cibiir. Every Emirate has a big


    tower. .JL.611 c_.r. burj l-ma{aar the
    airport tower. L.;il)l C.r-! burj
    l-muraagaba the watch tower.

    ~f.f.

    t..r.

    l.$.r.f.

    barbariyya p. -aat (kind of


    Somali nanny goat, known for its good
    milk).
    f.p-J

    tiburbur (v.n.) chattering, talking

    aimlessly.

    burj
    zodiac.

    p. CJ.I buruuj sign of the

    ~ J~ baarja
    battleship

    p.

    c_)J-! buwaarij

    36

    in the refrigerator. 2. to cool oneself.


    6..!~ L....;;),;;) ~.J..UI l.....:..>..:j fitaf.zna
    d-diriisa w-tbarradna swayya. We
    opened the window and cooled off a
    little bit.

    ...J brc

    (S.J ,!.)r bzrac


    ' ('''~ ~ ya briC;
    . ~~ 1. to kn ee I
    down. ~) ~ !.lr. birac cza
    rkubteena. He kneeled on his knees.
    2. to sit down (usually said of an
    animal, e.g., a camel) ~~ !.l f. birac
    1-biciir. The camel sat down.

    ~ .?.-"'

    stabrad X to catch a cold. JjJ


    rigad
    w-d-diriisa mafiuuf.za. stabrad. He
    went to bed and the window was open;
    he caught a cold.
    ;)fr------1 .L......>- _p.... ~J'..U1J

    ,!.)J~ baarac III 1. to bless, i_nvoke a


    blessing on s.o. !..!,l..J !.l }-::! .1!1 'a !Ia
    ybaaric .fiik! God bless you! 2. to
    offer congratulations. ~ . ..U) L..;b,.
    L;.) 1_,5"}-u l)l.,.,. yaana walad. halna
    yaw w-baarcaw lana. We had a baby
    boy. Our relatives came and congratulated us.

    ~l..r,

    baraad cool weather, cool air.


    i _,...,)1 1-yoom baraad. It's cool
    today.
    ;)I~

    ~I;. barraad p. -aat (more common in


    Qatar) supermarket.

    l lf. birca p. !.l f. birak pool, pond,

    ibJf. bruuda coldness, coolness.

    swimming pool.

    IJI~

    h- )l:Jil-baarf.za yesterday. ,_,....i 'ams is


    more common. See ,_,....i 'ams.

    weather is colder today. 2. coldest, the


    coldest. i .r--: ;) .r.i lu haaoa 'abra?
    yoom. This is the coldest day. :r ).1 1
    'abrad min colder than.

    brd

    ..r,

    birad (;) ~ yabrid) to cool. C \,;


    _r.J .J..l.....4j . ;) f. ~b) <.,S"l..:JI faab
    c-caay w-oalf.ziin birad. tigdar tisrab
    minna. The tea boiled. It has cooled
    off. You can drink some of it.

    ~ )'-! baarid

    1. cold, cool, chilly. 1} '


    i _,...,ll ;) .J~ 1-hawa baarid 1-yoom. The
    weather is cold today. i..l..ll ) J4 baarid
    d-damm cool headed.

    ......:.,. y

    r. barrad

    II to cool, chill. ;) ,;; ~ )UI


    <.,S"Lli 8-{}allaaja tbarrid 1-maay. A
    refrigerator cools the water. ~..l..:SJI
    o_,.,...J-1 ;) fr.:! 1-kandeein ybarrid 1-bij'ra.
    Air conditioning cools the room.
    ~~ tbarrad

    L>.- )UI

    V I. to be cooled. <.>Ill

    ;) p---J

    1-maay tbarrad

    fi

    8-8allaaja. The water has been cooled

    'inta

    ~.r.l 'a brad 1. colder, cooler ;) .1 i .f.'


    i _,......,11 1-jaww 'abrad 1-yoom. The

    ~1;. baraaf.za open space or alley


    between homes used as a playground.

    ' J..; ~

    r.

    bardaan p. -iin cold.


    bardaan? Are you cold?

    c,..;~ brb

    '-?~f. bridi (coli.) hail. s.

    "-:!;) J'. bridiyya

    hailstone.

    J..J~ brd

    ~r

    birad (;) ~ yabrid) to file. ;) J'. ;) 1 ~'

    ~I Hzaddaad birad /-peep. The


    blacksmith filed the pipe. o)IJ'. braada

    1. trade or profession of filing (iron,


    gold, etc.). 2. iron filings.

    37

    ,.

    Jl /-)

    brd

    .J.J "':'

    .l..t.J. bariid mail, letters, post. ~


    -4.r.-J1 maktab 1-bariid the post office.
    c.$.J->- ~.r. bariid jawwi airmail. -4.r.
    c.$;)\..s. bariid caadi ordinary mail. -4.r.
    J---- bariid m(u)sajjal registered,
    certified mail. c.$ _,...J,-1 -4.r.-l4 ....:.....!. )>
    {arrasta b-1-bariid 1-jawwi. I sent it
    airmail.
    postal. c.$-4.r. C:!l.b {aabic
    bariidi postal stamp (as opposed to
    JLo C:!l.b {aabic maali revenue stamp).

    r.i~J. bariidi

    ;J.J "':'

    brd

    ~ J.

    burd side of a ship (no known p.).

    brd

    o~ .;--J. burda
    p. ;) .r! burad outer
    garment, esp. one worn by a dervish or
    a mystic.

    '

    .J.J "':'

    brr

    .r. barr (~ ybirr)

    I. land. ~.r. ..;.;\}


    guwwaat barriwa w-bal:zriwa
    land and sea forces. 2. wild (plants
    and animals). c.?.r! !JI_,..,... l:zayawwan
    barri wild animal. ~.r. ._;.y J wl:zuus
    barriwa wild beasts.

    r.i.r! barri (adj.)


    ~/: J

    .J.J "':'

    I. desert. pll !.) l_,.laJ gawa9aw


    /-barr. They spent the summer in
    the desert. 2. open land . .r. ill' lgl> l.ia.
    haaoa hini killa barr. Here, it's all
    open land. _rw.:l4 'i J }.4 b-1-barr walla
    b-1-ba/:zar by land or by sea. (naut.)
    Jl-11 pll /-barr [-caa/i the coast of the
    Arabian Gulf, stretching from Basra in
    Iraq to Muscat in Oman. (naut.) .r.
    J>-l_,_..ll barr s-sawaal:zli the coast of
    East Africa, stretching from Eritrea to
    Tanzania.

    fi

    to keep (a promise),
    fulfill. !.\..lJ;.y. ~ j'i ..L:>-IJ ..;,;..lJ;.J '~1
    'ioa wacadt waa/:zid laazim tbirr
    b-wacdak. If you promise someone
    something, you have to keep your
    promise.

    J.r! barrar II to justify. Jll .J.?. .J...I.Z


    ~u:J-1~ ~_,........., tigdar tbarrir illi
    sawweeta oall:ziin? Can you justify
    what you have just done now?
    .).}:--' mbarrir (act. part.) p. -iin having
    justified. w y .)pi\ r huwa li-mbarrir
    mawgifa.
    He is the one who has
    justified his position.

    ".J.J"':' brr
    J. barr p. c..? Jr. baraari (usually with

    o.r! barra outside, out. o.r. ~ ~I


    s-seex {alae barra. The Shaikh went
    outside. ;; .r. lgl> y Y' muub hini barra
    ~ot here, out~ide. ,(prov.) 11 ;; .r. ,y
    Alii ~ j>-1-lll ,y J .:ill min barra 'a!!a
    'a!! a w-min d-daaxil yic[am a!!a. Fair
    without and foul within. ;;.r. ;; .r. barra
    barra Get out of here! (said with a
    loud harsh voice) phrase used to ask
    s.o. to leave, e.g., the office, room,
    house, etc.).
    "'J. barraani l. (adj.) outer, exterior.
    L:,ilpll 0pi 1-l:zijra 1-barraaniwa the
    outside room. 2. (p. ~'.r. barraaniwa)
    foreigner. ~~~ !.) ..l....>.-IJ ~l.r. _,.si
    'aku barraaniwa waayid fi li-kweet.
    There are many foreigners in Kuwait.
    o.r. .:r ._,..lj ~ ~'.r. barraaniwa yacni
    naas min barra. "barraaniyya" means
    people from outside (the country).

    38
    T'
    .J .J '-:'

    .r.

    dwellers, slum dwellers. ~ pll J--i


    1_,....:.:&-1 'ahl 1-barasti gtina~. Shack
    dwellers became rich.

    brr

    good faith, piety. p-JI Jwi


    'acmaa/1-birr w-t-tagwa good
    deeds and fear of God.

    birr

    o_,..A.:!IJ

    f' dM.; '-:' brsm

    r~f.

    barsuum p. ~l.r. baraasiim


    little bell hung around the neck of an
    animal, such as a goat, a camel, a cow,
    etc.

    ~.J '-:' brz

    .r.

    baraz (j.f.-1. yabriz) I. to be ready.


    baraz f-casa
    w-kaleenaa.
    The dinner was ready
    and we ate all of it. 2. to be finished.
    .?~ j.r:--J oJ~l ~L.S::.,.l.l Ju gaal
    1-miikaaniiki s-sayyaara tabriz baaCir.
    The mechanic said that the car would
    be finished the following day.
    o~J ~I j_r--1

    Jr-!

    barraz II to make s.o. or s.th.


    .?' ..::.> j_r--1 barrazat
    ready. L.:.JI
    burumti [-casa~ My wife got dinner
    ready.

    es---

    oj.,r! barza

    p. -aat 1. social gathering.


    r"'..l..:&- t~l .)~pi .._:, _,.:;..; .)..lZ L.
    .;:.J-1~ oj.r. ma tigdar ccuufs-seex li'an
    s-syuux Cindahum barza oalbiin. You
    cannot see the Shaikh because the
    Shaikhs are having a social gathering
    now. J-Jll l) o.)U:- .J ~ t~l oj.r.
    barzat -s-syuux tkuun caadatan fi
    /-/eel.
    The Shaikh's celebration is
    usually at night. 2. place where people
    meet, session room = ~ may/is.
    See ._rb; may/is under U"' J 'iyls.
    jJL! baariz (act. part.) p. -iin. ready,
    prepared. j.J~ L.:.JI f-casa baariz.
    Dinner is ready. j.J4 Lil 'aana baariz.
    am ready.

    ~f. barasti p. -yya shack, hut built


    with palm date leaves and branches.

    J.--.a.i

    d'f.

    br~
    bara~

    'ah/ 1-barasti

    shack

    leprosy.

    d'.t.i 'abra~ p. d' .r. bir~ f.

    4..... ./. bar$a

    p. -aat leper.
    y

    ~.J'-:' br~
    ~ JY. boor~a p. -aat stock exchange.

    ~ ~ .J '-:' br~~
    ~f. bar~ii~

    p. ._,..,...l.r. biraU$ii$
    very stingy person. _?i ~ J2':"" 1
    J-..,.s': .:.r-- "bar~ii~" yacnt 'ak9ar min
    baxiil.
    "bar~ii$'' means more than
    stingy.

    J l:, .J '-:'

    br[l

    J..kf.

    bar{ul

    (Jk .fr-!.

    ybar{il) to bribe.

    u---1 ~J.) Jl~ i l l .r. bar{ala b-'a/f

    dirhim bass. He bribed him with only


    a thousand dirhams.

    Jl=o~

    to be bribed. ~ ~ 1
    .fr-!. 'illi ma ybar(il ma
    He who doesn't bribe

    tbar{al

    Jk ~ L.... Jk
    yitbar{al.

    cannot be bribed.

    J:l=of. bar(iil
    illf.

    f.j u I.JM .J '-:' brsty

    ~ pll

    '~.J '-:'

    p. J:bl.r. baraa(iil bribe.

    bar{ala bribing, bribery. ill>) 1


    .)~1 l) o~ 1-bartala mintasra fi
    li-blaad. Bribery is widespread in the
    country.

    39

    ,. .; ~

    tj t.;~ brgy

    brtm

    r-1'

    ~_j. bartam ( ~ ybartim) to pout.


    .JLA.io- .J\5"" ..;'J r-1- .r. bartam linna caan
    ~amgaan.
    He pouted because he was
    angry.

    ~~ tbartam (r-1' A yitbartam) =


    bartam. See r-1' .r. bar{am.

    r-1'.r.

    4b.;J. bar{ama (v.n.) pout, pouting.


    ~~ mbartim (act. part.) p. -iin
    having pouted.
    .P--' !~ xa!!af
    mbartim. Leave him be! He has just

    r-1'

    been pouting.
    ~.;J. bur{um p. r-1-l.r. baraa{im lip.
    ~l.r. y.i 'ubu baraatim s.o. with large
    thick lips. ........1.r. ~ ~ caM cala
    burtuma. He regretted s.th.
    t,..;~

    brc

    t_~ tbarrac V (with - ! b-) to


    contribute, donate. J>- ~,;::. .J _r.L:'. t.?.
    L..:!_P.li L...-..,.. _;ll tbarrac b-malyoon
    dirhim ~agg 1-mu'assasa 1-xayriyya.
    He donated one million dirhams to the
    charitable establishment.
    2. to
    volunteer. .:.r-::..r--=:J-1 ..;.....>- ~ t.~
    tbarrac yistagil f:zagg li-msarradiin.
    He volunteered to work for the
    homeless people.

    ,.t,..;~ brcm
    ~.,j.

    burcum

    p.

    ~l.r.

    baraacim bud

    (bot.).
    ,.t.;~ brgm

    ru.,j.

    birgaam p. ~l.r. biraagiim


    (.J,;U. haaran) car hom. w_,.j-4 ~
    ~ J---S' ..;.....>- ru )i hini ydigguun
    1-birgaam f:zagg kill sayy. Here they
    sound the car hom for everything.

    ~.;J. burgi p. ~l.r. baraagi (more


    common J..f.--. sikruu) screw. ..:..-;;
    .!.W~ ~pJI tayyat 1-burgi b-li-mfacc.
    He tightened the screw with the
    screwdriver.

    ~.;~ brg

    J .r.

    birag ( J ~ yabrig) to flash,


    glitter. J ~I J .r. birag 1-barg. There
    was lightning. (prov.) J~l Jr. 1~1
    !l,;yl ~ ~U. ioa birag 1-barg {aafic
    ceen Ooorak. lit. "If lightning flashes,
    look your bull in the eye." It applies
    to s.o. who is in trouble and then finds
    a way out.

    J .r.

    barg 1. lightning. 2. telegraph.


    J )I ;; .r-1::. daayrat 1-barg the telegraph
    department.
    ~ _j. bargi

    telegraphic. y .r. .1 ,.,k>xutuut bargiyya telegraph lines.

    4-::i _j. bargiyya p. -aat telegram, cable.


    ;;._J.r. J ..},r-l:> tarras-li bargiyya. He
    sent me a telegram.
    'a brag p. wu .r. birgaan black or
    blue, yellow and white; black and
    white. J r,i .Jl...=- ~$aan 'abrag black
    horse. u .r. ;; ~ bgara barga black
    cow. wu .r. .J...J~ bacaariin birgaan
    black camels.

    J ,r.i

    u~.;~ brgn
    IJU.;J. burgaan
    Kuwait).

    Burgan (oil field in

    t~.;~ brgc

    r!f. birgic p. til.r. baraagic veil (long


    black drape that covers the whole face
    of a woman or a young girl).

    40

    u~ J..J ~

    ~ (j..) y bryg
    J-i.f. briig p. ~.JL,i 'abaariig (var.,
    more common, ~.r. briij) 1. water
    pitcher. (,>Ll. ~.r. briig li-maay the
    water pitcher. 2. kettle. (,SL;Ji ~.r.
    briig c-caay the tea kettle.

    0\l _j. barlamaan p. -aat parliament.

    ,.j ll f. barlamaani parliamentary.

    ~..) ~ brmt
    ~ _j.

    barmeet kind of sweets or


    candy, probably English peppermint.

    .:J..) y brk

    !l f. birak = birac. See under 5..1 "'=" brc.

    J ~..)~

    barmiil p. J-,--1.1 baraamiil


    barrel, drum. J JHI J.-,.- .1 /-"" ~
    ~ ~\.::. cam sicr barmiil 1-batroo/
    oalbiin? What is the price of a barrel
    of oil nowadays? J,-- }.1 l) ~ ga!!afi
    1-barmiil. He threw it in the drum.

    &..l"'="brc.

    !lJl-:J tabaarak VI to be blessed,

    L5f.

    birka

    birca.

    See under

    &..l"':"brc.

    L5 f.

    baraka

    blessing, benediction.

    .11 .:.r' u .r. '.?j_;, haaoi baraka m_in


    a/fa. This is God's blessing . .b- ..:ill
    ,__,;;,\.,... l) U }.1 .J 'a!!a hart-la l-baraka
    ji macaasa. With God's blessing, his
    salary increased. U .JW.I ;;,yL..J\ (,Sj_;,
    haaoi s-saaca li-mbaarka. This is the
    blessed hour (said to s.o. who has just
    called on s.o. else) !.!.l.Jy .!..1 ciidak
    mbaarak! Happy holiday!

    !l_p--"

    mbaarik
    p. -iin
    having
    congratulated, one who has offered
    congratulations for a newborn baby,
    passing an examination, etc.

    0 d..) y

    brkn

    0Wf.

    burkaan

    p. ~l.r. baraakiin

    burkaani volcanic.

    U..J ~

    brnmj

    ~U f. barnaamij
    p. -aat,
    baraamij program, schedule.

    JLS' .r. f"'>"

    biyar burkaani volcanic rock.

    e:-'\J

    ~ .J U.) ~ brnw~
    .._,P _,J f. barnuu~

    p. ~\.1 baraanii$
    j _,..- J" ~ .r. barnuu$ $UUj

    blanket.
    wool blanket.

    tP .J i.j u..) ~
    ~ _J-:J

    brnyw

    .r.

    barnyuus (popular dish made


    up of rice cooked with sugar, molasses
    or dates and eaten with fish).

    ut>.; ~

    brhn

    ~f.

    barhan (ybarhin)
    to prove,
    demonstrate. oli\.S:. J)- 6..il .:/".I barhan
    'inna libyatin gaanma. He proved that
    he was a religious, magnanimous
    person.

    0uf. burhaan

    volcano.

    ,ji.Sf.

    brml

    J-..=.o f.

    !lJl...! baarak III = baarac. See under

    exalted, praised. !.11 .!.l.JL:i tabaarak


    a/fa! God is praised! (usually said in
    admiration ofs.o. or s.th.).

    brlmn

    p. ~~.I baraahii11

    proof.

    :; J.; '-:' brwz


    jJ_j. barwaz ()J;:-!. ybarwiz) to

    frame a

    41
    picture. ~ U .1>. <..1"\S::..JI J>- b.J
    oL..; jJ.r.J ril:ma /:lagg f-cakkaas.
    xao
    lana caks w-barwaznaa. We went to
    the photographer. He took a picture of
    us and we framed it.
    jiJ.r! birwaaz
    picture frame.

    dish.

    f" 4.JM fi..) '-:' brysm


    ~f.

    II..) '-:'

    u,J..) '-:'

    p. -aat brush.

    brwn

    p. -aat car brake. ~


    !..;...~pll cayyik /i-breekaat! Check
    the brakes! ..!..4pll y.i 'ubu li-breek the
    one who fixes brakes.

    fi f" II..) '-:' brymy


    ~..r.JI li-breemi 1. Buraymi (oasis and
    city by the same name in the U.A.E.
    2. Al-Ain (city in Abu Dhabi) and flle
    surrounding areas. ~pll ~ ~ lt:_\.)
    daayman n$ayyif fi li-breemi. We
    always spend the summer in Buraymi.
    "-->-IJ ,!.\ ~ Jl..b ,~_r.Jili-breemi, taa/
    cumrak, waa/:la. Buraymi, may you
    live long, is an oasis.

    LiiJf. barwaana (var. parwaana) p.


    -aat.
    1. fan. lyU
    )11 .:.>L. )1 ~
    ...r'_r>- ,y ..;...l.iiJ.r. 0 ~fi z-zamaan
    1-'awwa/i
    caanaw
    yistacimluun
    barwaanaat min XOO$. In the olden
    times, they used to use palm-leaf fans.
    2. propeller. o.r.L.bJI 4....i1J.r. barwaanat
    t-taayra the airplane propeller.

    JJ

    II..)'-:' bry

    ,j '-:' ,j '-:' bzbz

    r..S_r. bira (c.?~ yabri)

    to sharpen a
    pencil. ~ ~f. bareet g/umi. I
    sharpened my pencil.
    r..S)\..;j tbaara VI to meet in a contest.

    jJ-!). bazbuuz p. f-11..r. bizaabiiz spout


    of a pitcher.

    ' ..J..J'-:'

    bzr

    r-"'~J ~I .J,!) o41J ~J~ tbaareena

    )). bizar (Jf.!. yabzir) to sow seeds.

    w(Y.Ya fariig f_ceen wa ga/labnaahum.


    We had a match with the Al-Ain team
    and we beat them.

    )j-! bazzar II to go to seed. Jf. J.L...kJI


    t-tmaat bazzar. The tomatoes have
    gone to seed.

    ol)~ mbaaraa
    p. ...:..>Lu~ -yaat
    match, tournament. r...LA.JI ;; .;5 o\J~
    mbaaraat kurat 1-gadam the soccer
    game.

    ~If. barraaya
    sharpener.

    bryk

    ~f. breek

    p. r-J'.r. biraawiiz

    ,). ,J ..J '-:' brws

    J-Jf. bruus

    breesim silk.

    p. -aat pencil

    U(S..JU bryn
    "~J. biryaani

    )j-! bazir p. JJ..i-! bzuur child, kid


    (only in Bahraini and Saudi Arabic).
    6..-:...o ~ L. J..i-! \..i.._.,. haaoa bazir ma
    ca[eek minna. This is (only) a child.
    Ignore him; do not pay attention to
    him.

    dish made of rice,


    meat, and spices, originally an Indian

    'I'

    ..)..) ""':'

    zr

    )1). bzaar spices.

    .. u

    42

    ..J..J
    u bzz
    ..J..J

    mixed the barley with the com.

    j-! bazz (coli.) doth, material . .r.JI

    y.i

    I.JM I.JM ":' bss

    'abu 1-bazz huwa 1-bazzaaz.


    The one who sells cloth is the cloth
    merchant.
    jl.r.JI _,....,.

    oj-! bazza
    material.

    p. -aat

    ~ bass I. only, just. ..r. ..:...;iJ t;i


    'aana w-inta bass. Only you and I.
    ~ ~~~ V""i bass stareet simac. I
    only bought fish. 2. enough. J~ ~
    !...,-....; bass <aad trammis! Enough;
    don't talk anymore! !Jll> ~ bassak
    <aad! Enough (out of you)! Stop it!
    !I..S)~ ~ bassak sakaawi!
    Enough of your complaints! ~
    o~ bassak gasmara! Enough of
    your kidding me! Enough of your
    bluffing! 3. (conj.) but, on the other
    hand. J..,;.=. ..:...l.r" ..r-! Ji~ J-" huwa
    <aagil bass marraat mxabbal. He is
    rational but sometimes he is crazy. '1

    piece of cloth or

    jlj-! bazzaaz p. -iin cloth merchant or

    dealer.

    ojlj! bzaaza

    cloth trade.

    ~j ":' bzg

    Jr.

    bizag (J.H yubzug)

    ~o spit. Y

    .;L..S::.. JS" l) w.}.H ~ ..:ill U"Li fii


    naas, 'a! fa ysallimk. yubzuguun fi kill
    mukaan.
    There are people, God
    protect you, who spit in every place.
    !~ J _r.; 'Y Ia tubzug hini! Don't spit
    here!

    ~J J_,....s' ..!.Lil ~ Ia tansa 'innak


    kuuli wa bass. Don't forget that you
    are a coolie (hired hand) and nothing
    more.

    Jr.

    bazg (v.n. of Jy. bizag) spitting.


    J .r.JII-bazg mamnuuc Spitting is
    forbidden. No spitting.

    tr

    Jlj-! bzaag (coli.) spit, saliva. s. 6.ily.

    bzaaga.

    U~ I.JM ":'

    bstn

    IJ~

    bistaan
    p. .:r.;~ bisaatiin
    orchard, grove. J-j- .:r.;~ bisaatiin
    naxiil date palm orchards.
    ~ bastana horticulture.

    ..) I.JM ":' bsr


    .;-J. bisir (coil.) unripe dates. s. o.r-1

    bisra.
    \

    I.JM I.JM ":' bss


    ~ bass (~ ybiss) to mix. ~I V""i
    I;..UI

    c:' bass s-sa<iir mac o-oira. He

    \"

    I.JM I.JM ":' bss


    ..,.-..!

    s.

    bass (coil.) halyard, tackle (ship).


    bassa.

    .b I.JM ":' bst


    ~ bisat (~ yabsuO to spread,
    spread out. ~1;.:. ~ bisat ora<eena.
    He spread his arms.
    ~ bassat II l. to open up, open for
    business. ~ .Jl.S..UI ~I; raa<i
    d-dikkaan bassa(. The store owner
    opened up for business. 2. to simplify .
    ~~ ~ J~ -l>-L..... maMad
    yigdar ybassi{ hal-muskila. No one
    can simplify this problem.

    ~ bast (v.n. of ~ bisat)


    (characteristically Kuwaiti and Iraqi)

    43

    flogging, beating. ~ ._;.~ o~


    bisa{oo xoos basta. They gave him a
    hard beating.

    leen yit/:zacca yitbassam. When


    he talks, he smiles.

    ~ basta p. -aat I. display of wares

    ~ ~

    2. (n. of inst.) a
    or merchandise.
    beating, flogging. 41_r ~ o~
    bisa{oo basta craagiyya. They beat
    him an Iraqi (a hard) beating.

    w-gaal ma cafeek minna. When I told


    him, he smiled and said, "Don't pay
    attention to him."

    ~I btisam VIII= V. ~I .J ..:.Jj U

    h.

    basiit
    I. simple, not
    complicated. ~ ~ .!11 c.,?~ c;ndi
    lak talab basiit.
    I have a simple
    request of you. ~ ~ ga(Jiyya
    uncomplicated thing or
    basiita
    problem. 2. little, modest. ~ ~
    sa.Y.Y basiit little, trivial thing. ~
    ~ talab basiit modest request. 3.
    (p. -iin) naive, simple. ~ JL.:.,. .J
    ra.Y.Yaal basiit simple man.

    btisaam (v.n. from~~ btisam)


    smiling. ol.........p.- J J.)~ L__.. r~\11
    li-btisaam ma yfaarig weeha. lit.,
    "Smiling doesn't leave his face." He
    is always smiling.
    4..~1

    btisaama p. -aat a smile.

    f" ~ 1.:' bsmt


    ~

    basmati (call.) basmati (kind of


    Pakistani rice). s. ~ ~ l:zabbat
    basmati.

    basaata
    I. simplicity,
    plainness. ~_,.Lk... 4.1.W1 l-basaata
    ma{luuba.
    Simplicity is desired, or
    called for. 2. naivete.

    ~i 'absat (elat.) 1. simpler or


    simplest.
    2. more or most
    insignificant. 3. more or most naive.

    ~ c}L 1.:' bst

    'i ~ 1.:'

    biskoot (call.)
    biscuits. s. :iJ~ biskoota.

    'J~ 1.:'

    basiis
    under.:...:..':" bee.

    cookies,

    s. bsaa/a.

    J~ 1.:' bsl

    t ~ c}L 1.:'

    p. J-~ bisaayil braid,


    plait. J-WI ~i 'umm 1-bisaayil girl or
    woman with long hair.

    ~ tbassam V to smile. ~ ..:r.,J

    ba8ii8.

    See

    bstx

    ~~ bistaaxa p. ~~ bisaatix
    wooden box or trunk used for keeping
    clothes and jewelry.

    ~ bisiila

    ,. ~ 1.:' bsm

    ~ bist p . ...::...> ~ bSuut (man's cloak


    or outer garment, usually white in the
    summer and dark in the winter).
    (prov.) ~ ~ J ~ cist w-libast
    bist (said to a child or a young boy as
    a good wish.) May you live long and
    wear a cloak!

    bsl

    Jl.-.! bsaa/ (coli.) dry dates.

    bsys

    .._-.-.!

    1.:' bskt

    -:J~

    basma p. -aat a smile.

    ~~~

    a,~

    .:a~~

    \.... Jt;.J lamma gilit-la btisam

    :..

    .; ~ 1.:' bSr
    ~ bassar II 1. to bring, announce

    44
    me and you.

    good news to s.o. ! .r.-3-4 ./1 .!l A


    bassark af!a b-1-xeer! (said as a
    response to s.o. who has brought good
    news) God bless you with good news.
    .JL.:.-..;..~1!) .__,_~ ..;~

    f.i~

    basari
    human (as opp. to
    animal) <$~1 ..,-J-1 1-jins 1-basari
    the human race. <$A y::. daxtar
    basari medical doctor (as opposed to

    bassarta

    b-najaa/;la fi li-mti/;laan.

    I broke the
    good news to him of (his) passing the
    examination. 2. (with y b-) to spread,
    propagate (a religion, or doctrine) .Y
    r;;,..._. '4 0 Jh ._,.l; fii naas ybassruun
    b-1-'islaam.
    There are people who
    propagate Islam.

    <$~ ~::.

    o~

    f-carab

    ,.

    'I'

    sr
    ~i 'absir

    sir!

    ..;..:JdM "=" bskr


    .)~ biskaar

    p. }'~ bisaakir
    servant, house servant. }'u..JI ~
    ...L.:.AI .:r muc(Jam 1-bisaakir min /-hind.
    Most house servants are from India.

    missionary school.
    p. -iin 1.
    bearer of good news. 2. a missionary.

    immediately.
    :.
    b
    (imp.) = yes sir! with
    !~i !rUI ....A....1; naprlif
    1-jaam! 'absir! Clean the glass! Yes

    tabSiiri (adj) missionary.


    madrasa tabSiiriyya

    mbaSSir (act. part.)

    Most

    pleasure.

    ~_r---!-,j L..... _;.M

    samra.

    ..; I.J"' "="

    not allow missionary activity.


    f.i~

    basarittum

    o~~ mubaasaratan immediately. ,


    ;; ~L,..o ~I ~ .J
    ri/:11 1-f)afiiz
    mubaasaratan. I went to the office

    ~ tabsiir (v.n. from ~ bassar)


    missionary activity. L..... .:s-" ;;_. _,s::J.-1

    ~4 ~ li-/;lkuuma hint ma tisma/:1


    b-t-tabSiir. The government here does

    basara outer skin, complexion.

    Arabs have a dark complexion.

    stabsar X to rejoice in hearing


    -..il C:: .:;;! pL-4 .r:+--1
    ...U) stabSar b-1-xeer leen simac 'inna
    yaa walad. He rejoiced when he heard
    p . .r.~ bisaayir good

    baytari

    ~~~y..,...-JI~ mucpam

    good news. W..

    ii.)l....!..! bSaara
    news.

    daxtar

    veterinarian).

    ~1

    that he had a baby boy.

    2. mankind, the human

    race.

    ..:J ,.JM":" bsmk


    ~

    :.

    basmak (coli.) sweets made

    from sugar and sesame seed paste.

    ..; {.)"' ":" bSr


    ~4

    baasar III to begin, commence .


    ...,.._..i ~ ~ ..;... ~4 baasart sugli
    gab/ oms. I began my work the day
    before yesterday.
    ~ basar

    1. human being, man. ya

    huwa basar, mi()li


    ) ..s-. l'k
    w-mi()/ak. He is a human bemg, 1 e
    1. ,

    !jO

    "=" !jO "="

    b:Jb$

    ~ ba:JhO:J (~ yba~bis) to
    ogle, cast amorous glances. ~

    ~)-1 ~ ~ y/;libb yba~bi~ ca[a


    1-/;lariim. He likes to ogle women.
    ~ ba:Jba:Ja (v.n. from ~

    ba:Jba:J) ogling, act of casting amorous

    45

    .:.r--JI .!..l..:!J_; ~ ~~

    glances.

    hini. Onions grow here. ~ ~~~


    stareet ba$al. I bought onions.

    l-ba$ba~a

    hni twaddiik is-siyin.


    Amorous or coquettish glancing sends
    you to jail here.

    ',J~~

    f"l,jA~ b$m
    ~

    ba$am (~ yab$um) to stamp,


    print (a fingerprint). ~ 'i J I~ 'i
    ~ ...,....-~ Ia yigra wala yikJib bass
    yab$um. He neither reads nor writes;
    he just makes a fingerprint. ~
    ba,Yma imprint, impression . ..Y4 ~
    ba,Yma b-1-yadd fingerprint.

    b$r

    ~ tba~~ar V (with l)fi) to reflect


    on s.th., ponder s.th. ~ j'i ..,...i lh
    ~ haaoa 'amir laazim titba~$ar fii.
    This is a matter you should reflect on.

    eyesight, vision. ~
    cima ba$arhum. He blinded
    them. ~~ c.ilaml:z 1-ba~ar glance of
    the eye. ~I c..S...L.o ~ cala mada
    1-ba~ar within sight, as far as the eye
    can see.
    ,r--Al ba$ar
    ~ ..r""-1

    ~ ba~iir

    p. -iin 1. (with -i b-)


    having insight into s.th. J..Y'~4 .J':""L! Y"
    huwa ba~iir b-1-'umuur.
    He has
    insight into things. ~ ~ .J':""L! .11
    'a!faah ba~iir b-kill saw. God has
    profound knowledge of everything. 2.
    blind person. ~I ....; ~ .J':""L! ~
    maskiin ba~iir b-cyuuna 0-()inteen.
    Poor man. He is blind in both eyes.

    .)L.a.!

    ,.

    ba~~aar p.

    -iin, ; J~ ba~~aara

    fortune teller.

    ,J~~ b~r

    ii~I 1-ba~ra Basra, city in southern


    Iraq.

    t.iJ'.;-AJ.

    ba~raawi

    p. -yya 1. person
    from Basra. 2. characteristic of Basra.
    ~ Jl.r-""'-1 .} tamir ba~raawi dates from
    Basra.

    J~~ b$1

    btaat
    . .

    .~ butaat (coli.) potatoes. Also, less

    common r..ll J .js- cafi willam, }i 'aa/o.


    s . .1~ ~ l:zabbat butaat.

    ' ~ ~

    btb!

    U!

    batba( (~ ybatbit) to fall


    (to the ground) gradually.
    ~ ..,..1 )I li-rtabb batba[. The fresh
    dates (yellowish in color, not very
    ripe) fell down to the ground.

    down

    ,.

    ~ 1.:-'

    btb!

    ~ butbu{a p. ~~ bitaabit
    motorcycle. ~ ~~J ~'J ~,)
    J _,_ll l) dicamt waal:zid raakib burbuta
    fi s-suug. I hit a person riding a
    motorcycle in the marketplace.

    t 1.:-'

    b{X

    ~ ba!fiix (coli.) cantaloupes. s.


    ~ baf!iixa. _r-ll J~ ~'1-batriix
    gaa/i 1-yoom.
    Cantaloupes are
    expensive today. ~J_,_ll:) ~ ~fii
    ba!{iix fi s-suug?
    Are there
    cantaloupes in the marketplace?

    ~ ~_r-..;.1 stareet bartiixteen.

    ~ ba~al (coli.) onions.


    b~a/a.

    I u.

    s. ~

    ~ ~ ~I 1-ba~a/ yitfac

    bought two cantaloupes.

    46

    ~.J.Ltu

    ~)~ balfaariyya

    p. -aat

    battery

    bital $Oomak If you smoke a cigarette


    while you are fasting, your fast
    becomes nullified. (prov.) ~ ':1
    J_,;L.JI J..k. (,?L11 Ia l:za$all-maay bital
    1-caafour lit., "If water can be gotten
    (or within reach) ablution is nullified."

    (mil.).

    '.Lt .Lt '-:'

    btt

    ~ bart (~ ybitt)

    I. to knock out,
    gouge out. ~ ~ batt ceeni. He
    poked me in the eye. 2. to pop (a
    balloon). .J _,ll:)l ~ batt 1-baaloon. He
    popped the balloon.

    LJ~

    bataala
    unemployment.

    ~I nbatt VII I. to get poked. ~I


    ~ nbattat ceena. He got poked in the
    eye. 2. to be, get popped . .Jy.l:)l .h:il

    nbatt 1-baaloon.
    popped.

    ".Lt .Lt u.

    The balloon got

    btt
    ..

    -aat.

    baatil unfounded, false. ~


    l:zijjatk haaiJi baatla. This
    excuse of yours is groundless.
    ill~ (,S'i...;.

    "J '-:'

    ba!!al II to open (e.g., a door, a


    bottle, a can, etc.). I_,.J.I ~J..UI ~
    J~ ha;ril d-diriisa. 1-hawa l;zaarr.
    Open the window! The weather is hot.
    ~ tbattal

    V to be opened, can be
    opened. ~ L.. ~_,All 1..\....l. haaoa
    1-guuti rna yitbattal. This can cannot
    be opened.

    '"J J:, '-:'

    battal II to stop, leave off. ~h


    !~ . ~ o.:>~ haaoi caada seena.

    ;(j~ bi(aaga (see ~~ bi(aaga).

    ~ bi(al

    b (I

    j-k.!

    b(g

    'J J:, ~ btl

    btl

    j-k.!

    ticket.

    '-:'

    2.

    jkL!

    b{g

    u~ bitaaga (var. u~ bitaaqa,


    bitaaga) p. ~~ bi{aayig, -aat I.
    (identity) card. ~~~ -F' J) warrni
    bitaagatk! Show me your identity
    card. ~ U~ bitaaga sax$iyya
    identity card. J_,>.:. ..:.AJ~ bitaagat
    duxuul entry card (e.g., for entering a
    lecture hall, a country, etc.) ..:..>u~
    o...~,!L....o bi{aagat mucaayada greeting
    card. (J.r" ..:,u~ bi{aagat xuruug
    exit card. o}-:j ..:,\.9~ bitaagat ziyaara
    calling, visiting card. 2. ticket. ~~
    o.r-L.bJI bitaagat t-taayra the plane

    I. idleness.

    J~ battaal p. -iin I. s.o. or s.th. bad


    (derog.) J~ Jl>..J l.l... ..o..:... .!..1.# Lo ma
    cleek minna. haaoa rayyaal battaa/.
    You have nothing to do with him. He
    is a bad man. 2. unemployed . ...,; Lo
    ..:,IJL.. ':il c) ~~ ma fii battaaliin fi
    1- 'imaaraat. There are no unemployed
    people in the Emirates.

    ~ batt (coil.) ducks. s. ~ batta p.

    t..Lt '-:'

    J..k.

    I""L.,.:. -=.-;iJ oJ~ ..::,_,;.,) l.i!


    ..!,.l.....J4' 'ioa duxt jiigaara w-inta $aayim

    void.

    t.j .J .Lt '-:' btry

    (Jk:-: yab(ulj

    battilha! This is a bad habit. Stop it!


    t

    J l:t '-:' btl


    J-b,!

    to be nullified,

    batal

    p. Jtk.i btaal 1. hero. if

    47
    ~~~ l..i...

    fi

    I) ~I .J"' man huwa 1-ba{al


    haaoa 1-fi/im? Who is the hero in

    ~ ba{iin Bateen (name given to


    communities, sections or quarters in
    the U.A.E., e.g., there is ~I 4>-L,;:.
    (Jaal:ziyat 1-ba{iin in Abu Dhabi, ..,r
    ~ll:zayy 1-ba{iin in Dubai, etc.).

    this film? 2. champion. ;; _?:)1 ~


    ba{al 1-kuura the soccer champ. ~
    4.>~1 ba{al s-sibaal:za the swimming
    champ.
    i.J~ bu{uula I. heroism, bravery, 2.
    championship
    0

    J "="

    ''i ~

    p. 6.l~ b{aala bottle . ..:..:S

    ~~ ~ ~~ J .JL....,.....1; Cint (Jamyaan

    w-sribt bo{il maay. I was thirsty and I


    drank a bottle of water.

    'u ":"

    b{n

    ~ ba!{an II (with -! b-) to line (a


    garment) with s.th . ..::... _,.5:)1 ~ jl.r.-JI
    r-?= 1-bazzaaz ba!{an 1-kuut b-l:zariir.
    The tailor lined the jacket with silk.
    ~ _,.......i ._;....1>: 4...if. ~ ._. _?.1/-l:zurma
    ba!{anat birgicha b-xalag 'aswad. The
    woman covered the inside of her veil
    with black cloth.

    ~ ba{in p . .J
    b{uun (J- ~ kars is
    more common. See under~.JI!lkrS)
    I. belly, stomach.
    2. pregnancy,
    delivery. ..LJ J ~L,. .__.. _rll ~ JG
    ()aani ba{in 1-/:zurma yaabat walad.
    On her second pregnancy the woman
    had a baby boy. ~ ~L,. o_,..kAJI
    1-gatwa yaabat ba{neen. The cat had
    two pregnancies.
    4.;~ b{aana lining (of a garment).
    I'

    u~ btn
    ~ ba{in

    p. .J ~ b{uun

    clan,

    kinsfolk. I..S.J~
    ~
    .
    . batni man$uuri.
    Mansouri is my clan.

    bty

    ~i 'abta (~ yibti) I. to be slow,


    take a long time. y .r!- I) ~ 4-i~\;
    ;;~1 caadtayibtifi surb 1-gahwa. He
    is accustomed to drinking coffee
    slowly. ~iJ c_I.J raal:z w-'ab{a. He
    went and took a long time 2. to be
    late, come late. ~..ul~ ~i ~lees
    'ab{eet ha-1-gadd? Why did you come
    this late? 3. to slow down s.o., delay.

    b{l

    ~ bo{il

    u~ btn

    J~i

    Jll

    .J"' ....r"'! .f.-,.. if'"j ~ bageet


    'ayi mbacCir bass huw alii 'abtaani. I
    wanted to come early, but it was he
    who slowed me down.
    ~ bati p. -yiin slow. ~ I) ~
    bati fi sugla. He is slow in his work.
    ~ p;t feetir ba{i slow pipe fitter.
    I'

    'i ~

    bty

    ~ bu{i Buti (male's first name,


    common in the U.A.E.).

    t l;, ~

    b{JC

    p. ~~ bi(Jaayic
    goods, merchandise, commodities.

    4....&-L..i=.! bi(Jaaca
    ~~t~ bcb$

    d' ~ bucbUU$ p.

    ~~ bicaabii$ 1.

    the middle finger. 2. coward. ~u .J"'


    d' ~\
    !lb huwa gaacid hnaak
    mi()l 1-bucbuu$. He is sitting there like
    a coward.

    J.!.o

    ~ bacba$a (v.n.) I. act of moving

    48

    the middle finger. 2. cowardice.

    .!,

    t. ~

    bcO

    ~ bacaO (~ yibcaO) to resurrect


    s.o. (from death) . .:.;--~ .ii.J1
    Ll,4]1 ~ .J-< J_,......o]l 'a{{aah yibcaO n-naas
    min li-gbuur yoom li-gyaama. God
    resurrects people from their graves on
    the Day of Resurrection.

    ...,..u

    ~ bacO (v.n. from ~ bacaO)


    resurrection. ~I ....,_, .r- bizb l-bacO
    the Ba'ath Party, Renaissance Party.

    ~ bacOi p. -yyiin 1. of or pertaining


    to the Ba'ath Party. 2. member of the
    Ba'ath Party.
    ~ bicOa
    p. -aat
    1. mission,
    delegation. ...,_____.\... _,.4.:. ~ bicOa
    diblomaasiyya diplomatic mission. 2.
    (student) scholarship. .............. J..UI ~
    ~ ).:> )) ~j\!!1 xalla~ l-madrasa
    0-0aanawiyya w-waddoo bicOa. He
    finished secondary school and they
    sent him on a scholarship.

    1-bicOaat
    scholarship section.
    ...:JL!A,ll

    the (student)

    .!.t.J-A:'" mabcuuO
    (p.p. from ~
    bacaO)
    p. -iin I. dispatched,
    delegated.
    2. emissary, delegate.
    ~Ll-1 ...::., J-A-:-' mabcuuO 1-baakim the
    ruler's emissary.
    .It~ bed
    ~

    baccad II (with ,y can) I. to go

    far away from . .:_r-S- Li~J ~)JI l._,.l..p


    ~..UI (Jalleena (-(ariig w-baccadna can

    1-madiina. We lost our way and went


    far away from the city. 2. to send s.o.
    or s.th. away. !~~I~ baccid

    s-sarr cannak! Move away from evil!

    (lit., "Send evil away from you!")

    ..LA!i 'ahead IV to deport s.o. ~ _,(l-1


    ...,_;L__,. ~I ..:..>~i li-bkuuma 'abcadat
    !- 'ayaanib. The government deported
    the foreigners.
    .~..A::! I bfiCad VIII (with ,y can) I. to
    move, go away from. !~~
    ~~
    btacid can s-sarr! Move away from
    evil (or harm's way)! 2. to avoid . .J )~
    !~~I .cJ;.l~ ooola bauaaliin
    btacid eanhum! Those people are bad.
    Avoid them!

    u-s

    ~I stabcad X to find or consider


    s.th. remote, unlikely; to doubt. GN:'
    ...;...u..,:_....l ~ ~~ 1..!.._.,. samact haaoa
    l-xabar laakin stabcadta. I had heard
    this news item, but I found it unlikely.
    .:> .r"' )1 lr" ._,.:JI 1..!.._.,. ~i 'astabcid

    haaoa s-sayy min 1-wijuud.


    that this thing ever existed.

    I doubt

    baed (prep.) 1. after (..,........ cugub is


    See under":'Jtcgb).
    ~~ ~ ci...:. cifta baed 9-(Juhur I
    saw him in the afternoon. o~l ~
    baed ,~-~alaa after prayer. ~ JL..i
    ! ... _,.....:, taeaal baed swayya! Come in a
    little while!
    2. next to. ~ o_r-I..UI
    J)WI ~ d-daayra baed siist
    1-baanziin. The department is next to
    the gas station .
    more common.

    .LA! baead

    I. too, also. !.ll~) I.L. .b:.

    !~ xio haaoa

    w-oaak baead! Take

    this and that one too.~ ~LiT 'aana

    yiit baead.
    ~~

    I came also. 2. still, yet.

    L:..L.o J wi~alna !-beet /o


    baead? Have we reached the house or

    ,J

    ~~

    not yet? ~ !.lL..o. r--"' humma hnaak


    bacad.
    They are still there. L.... ~

    49
    \'..:... r ' bacad rna sirt? Haven't you left
    yet? 3. more.~ -':!) 'ariid bacad I
    want more. \'~ ~ s-tabi bacad?
    What else do you want?

    deportation.
    1-mujrimiin
    criminals.

    .l.A! bicid, bicde (v.n.) I. farness . ..u..JI

    ..) t ":'

    biciir p . .:1-J~ bacaariin camel.


    (prov.) 4 J ~ ~~ ~-l>- ~~ _,.! .r--YI
    1-biciir /o y{aa/ic l)idibta nkisrat
    rgubta. (lit., "If a camel looks at its
    hump, his neck will be broken.")
    describes s.o. who does not see his
    own faults but sees the faults of others.
    _J:-A!

    ..l..:A! baciid p. -iin far, distant. a.... J..UI

    .)~j

    ibcaad (v.n. from ~j 'abed)

    bcr

    ~ bacar (coiL) droppings, dung (of


    animals). s. o~ bcara.

    o~

    later on. !~ .!.1....,.. Y.!l~J .:r-~J


    w-bacdeen wiyyaak? .yikk haljak!
    What's next from you? Shut up!

    'ibcaad
    deportation of

    ..u..:.-.- mistabcad (p.p. from ..u..,:-.1


    stabcad) improbable, unlikely. p->~ xabar mistabcad unlikely news
    item .

    Being far away from one's family is


    difficult. 2. (only ~ bicd) distance.
    _,.1-:? a..,.. ~~ J! ..:y .:r ..u..JI 1-bicd min
    hini 'ila dbayy miyat keelo. The
    distance from here to Dubai is a
    hundred kilometers.

    1-madrasa baciida. The school is


    far away. ~I~ baciid n-napar
    farsighted, farseeing. J- y.. ~ y y
    r_,....ll muub baciid)'OO$G//-yoom. It's
    not unlikely that he will arrive today.
    ~ .:r' min baciid from a distance.
    (prov.) ~I .!.1.,..._,:-i ':J) '-:--!~1 .!.1 JL..,.
    yaarak 1-gariib wa Ia 'axuuk 1-baciid
    Out of sight out of mind. (lit., "Your
    close neighbor and not your distant
    brother.") .:,--:!~ bacdeen later on,
    afterwards. ~J.:,:. 0--!~J JlkJ.I ..:..l.o)
    ~ wi$ilt 1-ma{aar w-bacdeen
    xaaeet taksi. I arrived at the airport
    and, later on, I took a taxi. 4-)i l.:.- J
    .:_r..M! ril:zna s-siinama bacdeen. We
    went to the cinema afterwards . ..!.li_,..::.i
    0--!~ 'acuufak bacdeen. I will see you

    the

    ..U.,.. mubcad p. -iin deportee.

    L.o.M! bacad-ma (conj.) after. L..~


    ~)' ~) bacad-ma wa~alna
    trayyagna. After we arrived, we had
    breakfast.

    ....,_......,.. jA )11 y 1-bi_cd can 1-'aha/ ~acb.

    .J:---..o fol ~L......!l

    ))~ bacruur (coiL) dung, droppings


    of animals, less common than .r"-!
    bacar.

    Ji

    t ":'

    bcp

    ~ bacp I. some of, a few of. ~


    ._,..UI bacp n-naas some (of the)
    people. J"-Lil ~ bacp d-dihin some
    (of the) shortening. ~~ ~ bacp
    s-sayy
    a little bit, something. I~
    ~I ....~ ~) yigra w-yiktib bacp
    s-sayy. He reads and writes a little bit.
    2. (as n. with preceding v.) one

    another; each other. ~ IJ~L...


    saacdaw bacp.
    They helped each
    other. (also) ~ ~ bacpahum
    with/amongst each other.
    bacap.

    r S io: I_,.._..!. J\.:. haawsaw


    bacpahum bacap. They quarreled with
    each other. ~ o~J wiyya bacap.
    ~

    50
    together, all together. ~ o4J \.;..... J~
    dirasna wiyya baca{J.
    We studied
    together. ..:.>w _,~1 ~ bac{J 1-'awgaat
    sometimes.
    .11:. ,J

    t~

    bcw{J

    ,jP.J--A! bacuu{J
    gnats. s. -a.

    (coli.)

    mosquitoes,

    ..IJt~ bgdd
    .)l..l..A! bagdaad

    Baghdad (capital of

    Iraq).
    ~?.)1-Lil! bagdaadi p. -yya, -yyiin 1.
    native of Baghdad 2. characteristic of
    Baghdad.

    .11:.

    t~

    bg{J

    baga{J (,_;a..;..; yibga{J) to hate,


    detest s.o. \'~ ..:r-1 ~ ~ lees
    tibga{J 'ibin cammak? Why do you
    hate your cousin?
    ~I
    ~

    nbiga{J VII to be hated. ~I

    ..:r-1 .:_r nbaga{J min 'ibin camma.

    He was hated by his cousin.


    ~bug{)

    (v.n.) hatred.

    ,jP~ mabguu{J (p.p.) p. -iin hated,


    detested.

    'Jt ~

    'it~ bgy

    IS""! baga (~ yabi,~ yabgi, ,ft.


    yibga) I. to want, desire, wish, like to
    do s.th. Li4J CJr- ~ baga yruu/.1
    wiyyaana. He wanted to go with us.
    '-"'J~ ~ ~ baga yaji yadris. He
    wanted to come to study. ~ y.
    huwa yabgiik. He wants you. (prov.)
    L...t.~.....;> ~ ~ baga ykaMilha
    cmaaha.
    He wanted to improve
    things, but he made them worse. (lit.
    "He wanted to put kohl in her eyes,
    (but) he blinded her.") y _,J. u\.;,0;
    ~ ..:.> J~ bageenaaha tarab $aara/
    nisab. prov. with a similar meaning.
    (prov.) 4>~ L..o ii")L..a]l ~ __,lJI il/i
    yibga ~-~alaa ma tifuuta. Whe~e there
    is a will there is a way. (lit., "He who
    wants prayer, won't be late for it.") 2.
    to need, require. ..:.>~ .U 4. ~~
    L,l J]J !-may/is yibgaa/a kanabaa/
    w-zuuliyya.
    The living room needs
    sofas and a carpet.
    ~?~ mabgaay (v.n. from .,ju. baga)
    aim, purpose.

    l:t~ ~ bft

    bgl

    bagal p. J~ bgaal mule. f. ~


    bgala.

    j-A!

    'I'Jt~

    person.

    bgl

    ~ bgala p. -aat kind of big sailboat

    used for long trips.

    ~t~ bgm

    .;~~ bgr

    ~bguma

    baggaam

    p. -iin

    ingenuous

    bagar (coli.) cows. s. ii).! bgara.

    ~ ~ la/J,am bagar beef. L:.ll .:..ol}!


    bgarat 1-manaax dolphin. (prov.)}

    J} ~ ~I ~ lo IJ,ajjat 1-bagar
    ca[a gruunha. (lit., "If cows go on
    pilgrimage on their horns.") It is an
    impossible, absurd thing.

    ~ bigam (coli.) gold necklaces. s.

    rL-A!

    ~ baft (coli.) calico, cotton cloth. s.

    -a.

    51

    ~~":' bgs
    ~ baggas II to wrap s.th. in a cloth
    bundle. _;L... J o_;l.!.i j5" ~ baggas kill

    gsaara w-saar. He wrapped all his


    personal effects and left.
    ~ bugsa

    p. ._;...:A.! bugas l. cloth

    bundle. ~ LJ._,k&. J ~ ,;; ~~ l_,k>.


    V" J~l .J-!1 ~attaw 1-mahar fi bugsa

    w-catooha ~agg 'ubu f-caruus. They


    put the dowry in a bundle and gave it
    to the bride's father. 2. envelope .k.~ _,.b J ~ .J .Y-1 ~utt 1-xatt.fi bugsa
    w-tarrsa. Put the letter in an envelope
    and send it.
    ~~":' bgg
    ~

    bagg (coli.) bugs, gnats. s. -a . .y


    .J ...L;.,.IJ cJ-! fii bagg waayidfi
    $-$eef There are many bugs in the
    summer. ~I o~ syarat 1-bagg the
    elm tree.
    ~I

    .J ~ ~ ":' bggr
    OJ~ baggaara p. -aat sailing ship
    with oars (tonnage: I 0-30).

    J~ ":' bgl

    J-i! bagil (coli.) greens, herbaceous


    plants. s. ~ bgala.
    Jli! baggaal p. -iin greengrocer.
    a.lli! baggaala p. -aat grocery store.

    . .

    (S~U bgy
    ~ bigi, ~ baga (~ yibga) I. to
    stay, remain. ~ y.. ~ ~ bigi hni
    yoomeen. He stayed here two days.
    ~ L....;J.:&. ~ bigi cindana sahar. He
    stayed with us for a month. ~ ~
    bigi cafa to have, e.g., time left. ~
    ~ ~ bigi cafayy santeen I h~ve

    two more years left. ~_;:J yl .!-l.:Js. ~


    bigi cafeek 'imyat dirhim. You still
    owe one hundred dirhams. 2. (with
    foil. imperf.) to continue, go on doing
    s.th. ~L.!J ~i ~ bigiit 'astagil
    wiyyaahum. I continued to work with
    them.
    ~

    bagga II to make or cause s.o. or


    s.th. to stay, remain. o...L....:s- _;~
    baggaani c;nda. He made me stay at
    his place. !.1~ o_,....A!J :J J..l:l-1 ~ oy- j
    zaxxoo ca[a 1-~uduud w-baggoo
    hnaak.
    They arrested him at the
    border and detained him there. ~ ~
    !~ Ia tbaggi sayy! Don't -leave
    anything behind! oJ-"d ...?-' ~ ~
    baggeeta yitrayya 'uxuu. I kept him
    waiting for his brother.
    ~ tbagga V to be left. ,:r ~

    r5'

    Y...:-.,j)I cam

    yitbagga min-il-wagt?
    How much time is left? ....AJi Js- ~
    _;4:J tbagga ca[ayy 'alf diinaar. I still
    owe 1,000 dinars.
    ~I stabga X to keep for oneself.
    L;-:!) ~I stabga z-zeen. He left the
    good ones for himself.

    "Li! bagaa', baqaa' (v.n. from~ bigi)


    (var. ~ ?agaa) immortality, ~ternity.
    o..l..._;,.. J 4~'-LA.:)I
    1-bagaa' li-!!aah
    wa/:tdah. Only God is eternal.
    ~

    bagiyya p. ~~ bagaaya
    remainder, rest. ~V"_,...w1 ~ .:.1-J ween
    bagiyyat li-jluus? Where is the rest of
    the money? ~WI rl..l>. ru-. 4~ ~
    t/:ta$$il bagaaya xmaam jiddaam
    li-bnaaya. You will find remains of
    garbage in front of the building.

    JL...J. baagi (act. part.) (var. 1$"'4 baaji)

    52
    p. -yiin.

    1. left over, remaining.

    l..i~

    ._,....i .:.r J4 ~ c;ndana ~a/iib baagi


    min 'ams. We have milk left over from
    yesterday. ~..!).] JWil-baagi 1-ak
    baxsiiS. The remainder (i.e., the
    change) is a tip for you. yl ..!1#- ...}4
    r-"'J:. baagi caleek 'imyat dirhim. You
    still owe one hundred dirhams. 2.
    staying, remaining. a.J.,lli ~ J~ L;1
    'aana baagi hni /-lee/a. I am staying
    overnight here. 3. immortal, eternal.
    11 _rJ'> .jWI if-1 1-~ayy 1-baagi huwa
    !!aah. The Eternal Being is God.

    --

    liS ..J IS ~ ..:.1 u bktyryaa

    4~ baktiirya bacteria.

    IJ~ blaa
    ~

    bala = .J J~ b-duun
    Seeu..,'":'bdn.

    ur.j ~ I J ~

    without.

    blaatyn

    .fl. blaatiin (coil.)

    platinum.

    J~J~ bib/

    J~ balbuul
    faucet.

    p . .}-!~ bilaabiil tap,

    cJ~ bl~
    ~ bil~ (coli.) caviar.

    ..)..:.!~ bkr

    ~ bakkar II (var., more common


    baccar). See under .J ti '":' bcr.

    ~I btikar VIII to invent.~ _?:.:.;1


    ~...\>.-

    btikar sayy yidiiid. He invented


    something new.

    ~ bikir (var., more common biCir).


    See under .J ti '":' bcr.

    o~ bakra p. -aat 1. spool, reel. 2.


    pulley.
    3. (p. J~ bkaar) virgin
    nanny goat. 4. (only in~i '0~ ,yean bakrat 'abiihim) all of them
    (without exception).
    o~ bukra (var., more common .}'4
    baaCir). See under .J ti '":' bcr.
    J..:.l~ bkl

    ~ bukla

    p. ~ bukal (more
    common ;J.,a.; ga(Jla. See under J v4 J
    g(Jl).

    JJ~ bid

    ~ balad (m. or f.) p . .J\~ bildaan,


    .:r.:.~

    balaadiin country, town, city.


    ~..:,_;i ~ (,>i j-" min 'ayy balad inta?
    Which country are you from?

    '-i~ baladi 1. local, regional. <.$-L4 ~


    yiM baladi local watermelons. vW
    (,>~ libaas baladi native dress. 2.
    municipal. (,>~ ~ meelis baladi
    municipal, town council. <.f..ll.,ll ~~
    ~\J '.11 ~ tj.r-:. 1-meelis 1-baladi
    yuwazzic to 1-'araaoi.
    The town
    council distributes (pieces of) land.
    ~~ baladiyya p. -aat municipality,

    municipal council or district, city


    government. ~.J.l..,ll ._:;.......>- jl_,;......i ~i
    'astagil gazzaaz ~agg 1-baladiyya. I
    work
    as a surveyor for the
    municipality.

    .l:l! baliid

    ~..:.!~ bkm

    ~ bakum (var. bakam)

    bukmiin dumb, unable to talk. ~ ~


    cabd bakum (an African who speaks
    broken, incomprehensible Arabic). f.
    ~bakma.

    p. ~

    p. -iin stupid, dull-witted.

    O.)'>'-! balaada (v.n.) stupidity.

    53

    ~i 'ablad (elat.) more or most stupid.


    {'>I.JM

    J ":'

    blsm

    ~ balsam balsam, balm.

    rLJ.I .J.,...laY. ~~~ oall)iin yballituun


    1-l)ammaam Now they are tiling the
    bathroom.
    j,~ bilaat (coil.) tiles. s. -a.

    ~J ":' bls
    ~ bilas (~ yiblas) I. to be or
    become involved, get mixed up. ~
    ~~ u\s.- YJ bilast wiyyajamaaca
    baf!aaliin. I got mixed up with a bad
    group of people. 2. to get stuck, get a
    bad deal. o_.r..--JI ~4-1 ~ bilast
    b-hal-gapiyya f-casiira. I got stuck
    with this difficult problem. 3. to
    accuse s.o. falsely. ~ bilasni. He
    made a false accusation of me.
    ~~ tbaalas VI to disagree with each

    other. AI ~ 1_,.-!Jl; tbaalsaw cala


    1-mahar. They disagreed on the dower.

    .;.1.! balas (only Bedouin) syphilis.


    4....!..4 bilsa (v.n.) entanglement, mess,
    critical situation. !~ .;.h ~~J walla
    haaoi bilsa! What a mess this is!
    :;~ blaas

    (prob. a corruption of
    literary ~~ ~ hila say' without
    anything) free of charge. ._;.~ ~~
    r_,..)I ..}~ 1-yi/:11:! b/ass blaas 1-yoom.
    Watermelons are ver; inexpensive
    today. (lit., "Watennelons are free of
    charge ,today.") ~I ~ r_r.ll .;..l......JI
    ._;.~ .ii.IIJ ~ J;:, ~ cam s-simac
    1-yoom? 1-kiilo b-xamsa dirhim. waf!a
    blaaS. How much is fish today? Five
    dirhams per kilogram. That's very
    cheap indeed . ..}~ b-blaas for
    nothing, gratis.

    r5'

    ' J ":' bl!


    ~ ballat II to pave s.th. (with tiles).

    ~ tabliit (v.n. from ~ balla!)

    paving with tiles.

    ..k....l,.. mba/lit (act. part.)

    I. having
    paved. rLJ.I .k_4.. UT 'aana mba/lit
    1-l)ammaam. I have tiled the bathroom.
    2. one whose profession is to tile s.th.,
    tiler.

    ..b...4- mballat (p.p. from ~ balla!)


    tiled, having been tiled.

    "l:t J ":' bit


    ~ balta p. -aat axe, hatchet.

    l:t J J ":' bllt


    .k...J~ bilaaliit (coll.) spaghetti or
    macaroni.

    t,J ":'

    bfc

    ~ bifac

    r&- yiblac)

    to swallow, gulp
    down s.th. j...S"\11 ~ bilac 1-'akil. He
    swallowed down the food. ~J ~
    bilac riija. He restrained himself; he
    had a respite (lit. "He swallowed his
    saliva.")

    t--4

    ballac II I. to make s.o. swallow


    s.th. ~~ ~ W _,....1.1 1-mumarripa
    balfacatni /-})abba. The nurse forced
    me to swallow the pill.

    baa/uuca p. ~ly. buwaa/W


    sewer, drain. L... .:,'J ~ ~ly. ~ L.
    ..L>.-IJ ~ .Y rna tl;a$$il buwaalW hini
    /i'an rna fii mutar waayid. You will
    not find sewers here because it doesn't
    rain much. ~_,lWI ..::..o..L-.il nsaddat
    1-baaluuca. The sewer got clogged up.

    )4

    54

    t_ ~

    c-JI_r.ll .!..ll..-- msallik 1-buwaa!UC the

    balaag p. -aat communique ,


    bulletin. 1.$ .f..---.s> t_ ~ balaag caskari
    military communique.

    one whose profession is to unclog


    sewers.
    ~t,J~

    t_.,.....4

    buluug (v.n. from ~ bilag)


    puberty, sexual activity.

    bfcm

    ~~ bafcuum

    p. ~':Ju, bifaciim

    ty mablag p. tJ~ mabaalig amount,


    sum of money. r--"' .J:. ~ t-4- t!~

    throat, pharynx.
    (,)M

    t, J ~

    bfcs

    difac mablag xamsiin dirhim. He paid


    the sum of fifty dirhams. ~ .:...,)1
    ~ & !-beet ykallifmablag Cibiir. A

    ~ bafciis (corruption of ~I ~i
    'aba t-ciis) fox.

    t.J~ big

    house costs lots of money.

    t:-4

    bilag (&- yiblag) I. to reach, get


    to. _,.:.S"i ~i .J..Gi L.. .o..l.>t~l
    s-slaax bilag ~adda. ma 'agdar
    'at~ammal 'akfJar.
    Telling lies has
    reached its limit. I cannot take any

    baalig p. -iin 1. having reached


    puberty. 2. adult, mature.

    2. to reach puberty . .:r-- ~


    ..L.:. )I bilag sinn r-rusd. He attained
    puberty, he came of age. 0:1 . ,; .J>-' JY~ yzawwjuuna leen yiblag. They
    will get him married when he reaches
    more.

    t--Y

    t:-4

    ballag II 1. to convey, transmit,


    report. ~Jl-]1 ~ ballagna s-salaam.
    He conveyed the greeting to us. ~
    ,)'~ ballga ta~iyyaati. Send him my
    2. notify. ~~.J ~!A

    mballig

    p. -iin

    1. (court)

    messenger. 2. informer.

    U,J ~ J ~ blkwn
    iJ

    0~

    balkoon

    L..!)

    p. -aat balcony.

    ~i

    'abga sigga wiyya


    balkoon. I want an apartment with a
    balcony.
    \

    puberty.

    regards!

    tJL!

    JJ~ bll

    ~ ballal II to wet, moisten. jl! ).11


    ~~ 1-mutar bal!al -s-santa. The
    rain got the suitcase wet.

    Jl.; thalia! V to get wet, be moistened.

    . . ; ~ ballagoo 'inhum raay~iin


    yfannsuuna. They notified him that

    ~ ...,...-" J..u. hduumi tballalat. My


    clothes- got wet. _r4\.l ,y ~ ~~

    they were going to lay him off.

    s-santa tballalat min 1-mutar. The

    t'L!

    tJY.

    suitcase got wet from the rain.

    baalag III to exaggerate. 0:1


    ~ ybaalig leen yithacca. He

    .}. ball (v.n.) moistening, wetting.

    exaggerates when he talks.

    4.....4 balla (n. of instance) moisture,

    C;-Y

    tballag V to be notified. ).}! ~


    ~I tballag b-garaar 1-mahkama.

    humidity. ti,

    He was notified of the decision of the

    mud wetter.")

    court.

    J.:k.ll

    :.lj zaad t-tiin balla.

    He made things worse. (lit. "He made

    55

    "J J ":"

    bll

    ~ bill (var., less common ~1 'ibil)

    camels. s.

    '~ J ":"

    ftl!

    biciir. See.; e..":' bcr.

    blm

    ~ balam p. r~ blaam sailing boat.

    "~ J ":"

    blm

    ~ hallam II to be silent, hold one's

    tongue. ~ ~I ~ ~ /een simac


    1-xabar hallam. When he heard the
    news, he held his tongue.
    ~ mba/lim (act. part. from ~

    hallam) p. -iin. silent, having kept


    silent.

    fi.::, uJ ":"

    blnty

    ~ balanti

    ., J ":"

    penalty quick in soccer.

    blh

    balah = ~~ balaaha stupidity,


    foolishness.
    ~i 'ablah p. ~ balhiin
    dull-witted. f. ~ ba/ha.

    stupid,

    J J ":" See under 'i J ":' bly.

    ,j J J ":" blwz

    j_,...l.! bluuz
    blouse.

    JM J J ":"

    L..}: bluusa p. -aat

    blws

    ~_,.J.J. bluus

    (coli.) Baluchis (people


    originally from southwest Pakistan).
    s. -i. 0:-"L...i-- 'jiJ J.}Li-- .J ~ .}.,WI
    li-bluus yistagluun /:tammaaliin walla
    xammaamiin. Baluchis work as porters
    or garbage collectors.
    \

    'i J ":"

    bly

    ~ bala (~ yibla) 1. (with-! b-). to

    afflict, torment s.o. with s.th. o":A! .11


    ..,;P )4. 'alia ba/aa b-hal-marap. G?d
    afflicted him with this disease. .iill
    !!l~ 'a!fayiblaak! God's affliction be
    upon you! ~Wk. J}! J\.:Jili-cyaa/
    balooni b-talabaattum.
    The kids
    bothered me a lot with their demands.
    ~I nbila VII =VIII ..PI btila (btila
    is more common) 1. (with-! b-) to be
    afflicted by s.o. or s.th . ..;P )4-! ~~
    nbileet b-ha l-mara9 I was afflicted by
    this disease. 2. to get stuck by s.th.
    4. ..::-.:.WIJ ;;;~I.. ~~ sareet ha
    s-sayyaara w-nbileet biiha. I bought
    this car and got stuck with it. ~~
    p~ btileet b-1-fagir. I suffered from
    poverty. 3. to get into trouble. IJ\>..
    ~IJ L....;yj .4.1.?1 yaw s-sirta.
    zaxxoona w-btileena.
    The police
    came. They arrested us and we got
    into trouble.

    '.>l-!

    bala (v.n. from ~ bala) l.


    affliction, misfortune. ...:,....A....; L.. t? .r-s~1 U. J.!.o cumri ma cift mi()i/ ha
    1-bala. I have never seen an affliction
    like this one. 2. trial, test (of courage,
    patience, etc.) . .11 .:..r- ~ I~ haaoa
    bala min a!/a. This is a trial ordained
    by God.
    ~.,..4 balwa p. I.SJ~ bilaawi (var. ~
    baliyya p. 1.5 J ~ bilaawi) calamity,

    catastrophe. (prov.) .P--1" ~L.; I.SJ~


    bilaawi tabi $Obir. (lit. "Calamities
    need patience.") 1.5 ~ ~ baliyyatin
    balwa very smart and cunning person.
    o~L...:.o mubaalaa
    o'l~

    regard, attention.

    .J J~ b-duun mubaalaa without a

    regard, carelessly.

    56
    'I'

    l.j J ~ bly
    ~ bali

    yes, right (Bahraini and


    Kuwaiti), rarely used in the Emirates
    (var. ~ bala or~ .J! mba/a).

    .I.; l.j

    J~

    bannaj II to anesthetize. ~
    J.--.;; __r.-.:,:.-Lll bannajni d-daxtar
    gab!
    f-camaliyya.
    The
    doctor
    anesthetized me before the operation.
    a.......u1

    Ul.j J ~ blyn
    iJ ~ bilyoon p. ~~ bilaayiin billion.
    .J ~ balyoon dirhim a billion
    dirhams.

    r"'.J"'

    blyy

    ~.#~ blayya (prep.) without.t,?~ o~


    ~

    gahwa blayya haliib


    without milk.

    coffee

    banbaasi
    black servant.

    p. c.f""!~ banaabiis

    uu~ bnt
    ~

    bint p . ..::..~ banaat 1. girl. '-"'_?


    ..::.._:.; J>- CarraS cafa bin/ halaal.
    He got married to a decent girl. ..:...:.;]\
    o~I 1-bint li-cbiira the oldest girl.
    ~ ~ bint yamiila beautiful girl.
    2. daughter. ~ o...l...:.$:. cinda binteen.
    He has two daughters. ~ binti my
    daughter. ~ ~ bint cammi my
    cousin (paternal uncle's daughter).
    ~ bint xaali
    my cousin
    (maternal uncle's daughter).<:)yi ~
    bint 'uxuuy
    my niece (brother's
    daughter). ~i ~ bint uxti my niece
    (sister's daughter). il.r->- ~ bint
    J~

    JL.:,:.

    ~araam

    t.i~ banjari p . .r~ banaajir gold

    bnd

    ~ bannad II 1. to shut, close . ._,;l)l ~


    bannad 1-baab. He shut the door .
    ~ ~I ~I baaCir 1-yimca. !-bank
    ybannid. Tomorrow is Friday. The
    bank will be closed. 2. to come to an
    end. ~ ji-:JI s-sugul bannad. Work
    finished. 3. to stop working, be idle.

    .f4

    bnbs

    ~,>'""~

    .J~U~ bnjr

    .I u~

    bambi Bombay.

    (.)"' ~ u~

    ~ binj anesthetic. ~ ..::..>l,W- ...,;


    ~ C.~ L. fii camaliyyaat bassii{a rna
    tihtaay banj.
    There are simple
    operations that do not need anesthetic.

    bracelet.

    l.j ~ (" ~ bmby


    ~

    ~u~ bnj
    ~

    blyrd

    J~ .)~ bilyaardo billiards.

    c.sc.sJ
    - u.

    member of. y _? ~ bin! carab Arab


    woman or girl. L.... J?' ~ bini
    cisriin sana girl of twenty years.

    illegitimate

    daughter.

    3.

    ~ i _,...)I ..\..:.,j ~ mila tbannid l-yoom?


    When do you stop working today? 3.
    to tum off. !~\ll ..L:.! bannid
    l-maakiina! Tum off the engine . ...~.:.!
    ul:,JJI bannad 1-leetaat. He turned the
    lights off.

    ~ band end, cessation of work . ..l;.,ll


    ~ ~L..JI !-band s-saaca xams.
    Work finishes at five o'clock.
    ..l..y mbannid (act. part.) p. -iin 1.
    closed. ~ ~I !-bank mbannid. The

    fJI

    bank is closed. 2. not at work. 4


    i __r-:.ll ~~ l-kuuliyya mbanndiin

    1-yoom.

    The coolies are not at work

    57

    I~
    U
    'i"u.
    0

    ~u":.-' bnk

    today.

    cl..o!
    WI

    J....:,.o mbannad (p.p.) p. -iin

    closed,
    shut.
    0----:!4 0~1 1-biibaan
    mbannadiin. The doors are closed.
    .J

    .).l...o.! bandar p . .J~~ banaadir seaport.


    ~~ .J~ bandar dbayy The Dubai
    seaport. 1..rL-:-&- .J~ bandar cabbaas
    Bandar Abbas (seaport in S. Iran).

    f' Ju":,-1 bndm


    ~.)~

    bnaadam p. ~~~ bnaadmiin


    (corruption of r~T ~ bani 'aadam)
    human being, man. See,. ..1 ~ 'dm.

    .. uu.

    bndyr

    i~u":.-' bnka

    o.r...lo.!

    bindeera p. -aat, .J~~ binaadir


    banner, flag.

    ~ banka p. -aat fan (orig. a canvas


    covered frame suspended from the
    ceiling). ~~J J44]1 ~ ~ .J) .Jb- 1}-1
    ~ L. 1-hawa baarr w-ratib fi 1-geep
    w-1-banka rna tfiid. The weather is hot
    and humid in the summer. A fan is
    not useful.

    ~Ju":.-' bndg

    J..lo.! bundug (coli.) hazelnut. s. -a.


    a..J..lo.! bindigiyya p. J~ bindig rifle,
    gun, shotgun.

    J Ju":.-'

    bndl

    ;u..lo.! banda/a p. J~~ binaadil, -aat


    bundle, parcel. .T-~"""" ~1} u~
    banda/at guwaati jigaayir bundle of
    cigarette packs.

    J t,j'J u":.-'
    J u":.-'

    bntl

    .:.>_,....lk..! ban{aloon p. ~~ binaa{liin


    (pair of) pants or trousers. ~) <..::..:!~1
    ~~ stireet 'arbac binaa{liin. I
    bought four pairs of pants . ..:>~I I~
    haaoa 1-ban{aloon gaali. This
    pair of pants is expensive.

    Ju

    u
    uu.

    bnn
    .;,-! bunn (coli.) coffee beans, ground

    coffee beans.
    ~

    bunni p. -yyiin brown, coffee


    colored. ~ ~ bantaliin bunni
    brown pants.

    bnsl

    ~ bensil p. J....~ binaasi/ pencil.

    p. !I~ bnuuk bank. 1.1.

    /-bank yca{i faayda xamsa fi 1-miya.


    This bank gives a five percent interest.
    ~)1 ~ ~i ~ bank 'abu pabi
    i-wa{ani the National Bank of Abu
    Dhabi. t,~-_ro.ll .!.WI /-bank f-carabi the
    Arab Bank. 0'-" ~ bank cumaan
    the Bank of Oman. ~)I _,k.; ~ bank
    gitar 1-watani the National Bank of
    Qatar. ~/'';1 ..!.L.,.ll/-bank 1-'amriiki
    the American bank. r..UI ~ bank
    d-damm the blood bank. JJ...UI ~~
    /-bank d-dawli the World Bank .

    Ju":.-' bndr

    .JtS J

    bank

    ~ ~ c;~u ~ ~~ haaoa

    .JJ

    uu":.-'

    bnnwr

    .)J"o! bannuur (coli.) (pieces of) crystal.


    s. -a p. -aat piece of crystal (cf.
    literary .J~ balluur).

    ''i u":,-1 bny


    .._r. bina (.:,r- yibni) to build, construct.
    ~I ~ ~ .__! ~ binaa-la beet

    58
    cata s-siif. He built himself a house
    on the beach. L.o. _ri_, ;;J~ ~i ~~J
    raayi~1 'abni cmaara w-'ajjirha. I am
    going to build a building and rent it
    out. 01-U"- ~It)-.:..) ;;J~ ~
    bineet

    cmaara

    ji

    saaric s-seex

    ~zamdaan.

    I built a building on Shaikh


    Hamdan Street.
    ~ bina
    (v.n.) act of building,
    construction. 0L..S:.. J---.5' .) ~ ~
    t~a~~il bina ji kill mukaan. You will
    find construction everywhere. ~ J-~
    caamil bina construction worker.

    ~I nbina VII to be built. ..:-:..,.;1 ;; }....JI

    li-cmaara nbinat.

    The building was

    built.
    1$~

    bannaay p. -a mason, builder.

    mabni (p.p.) p. -yyiin

    constructed. ~ .y 6.;..,-o

    fii

    l.j

    u":-'

    ..:.> .r-! ~ .._,;

    hini byuut mabniyya min ~iyar.

    _,.;JI j

    ~i ~ \.. ;;.=.~ ~ ~ .JL.,JI 0 _r,::.:fi


    !-garb yitbannuun li-cyaal. ni~in hini
    caadatan rna nitbanna 'a~ad In the
    West people adopt children; here we
    do not usually adopt anyone. 2. to
    adopt, take up the cause of. -'!lj ~I
    ~I .) ~IJ)I t-'~ ~ _r-JI

    J-_,k

    s-seex zaayid {awiil f-cumur tbanna


    masruuc z-ziraaca ji t-ceen. Shaikh
    Zaayid, may he live long, embraced
    the agricultural project in the city of
    Al-Ain.
    ~

    bnayya

    p. -aat

    bht

    ~ bihat (~yibhat) to astonish,


    surprise, amaze s.o. ~ p-:1-1 LA
    0L-i)'l ha l-xabar yibhat 1-'insaan.
    This news item astonishes people.
    0 .J--<_;.0.81 .r-..l..o _r.:A.-J ~ ~ bihatni
    xabar tasjiir mudiir t-taiavizyoon. I
    was surprised by the news. of the
    deportation of the T.V. station
    director.
    ~I nbihat VII to be astonished,
    o.>-->- j d.1 _rjl 0ll.u:-' 0;-l y.,;1
    nbihatna leen simacna 'inna s-surta
    zaxxoo. We were amazed when we
    heard that the police had arrested him.

    amazed.

    ..:J~

    mabhuut (p.p. from ~ bihat)

    astonished, surprised. ~..::..> .r+" ~~


    u---) L.. s-jiik?

    mabhuut?

    ma

    trammis.

    bny

    ~ tbanna V I. to adopt. y

    ~I>"="

    w~ buhtaan untruth, slander.

    built,

    There are houses built of stone.

    ~ bintunderuu~bnt.).

    1. girl.

    2.

    daughter. 3. unmarried girl. (See also

    What's wrong with you?


    Are you flabbergasted? You are not
    talking.

    [I>"=" bhj
    ~I btihaj VIII to be delighted, glad.

    J.-=- "-.i[ (:!"' c:.J &-1 btihaj leen


    simac 'inna f:za~~al 1-mugaawa/a. He
    U _,WI

    was delighted when he heard that he


    was awarded the contract.
    ~ bahja (n. of instance)

    p. -aat

    joy, delight.

    J J I>"=" bhdl
    J-4, bahdal

    (J-4-:: ybahdil) 1. to
    ridicule, embarrass s.o. J-4 r-.lll
    ~\ t) ..L:I.i"' I_,..A: .:>lS ....:,':j ....;.J;}I

    1-mudiir

    bahdal l-muwa91)af linna

    59

    caan yigra jaraayid ji 1-maktab. The


    director ridiculed the employee
    because he was reading newspapers in
    the office. 2. to make a mess of.
    V'UI ..::..J-4-! y ~~ li-hbuub bahda1at
    n-naas. The wind made a mess of
    people.
    tbahda1 (J~ yitbahdal) 1. to
    be ridiculed, embarrassed. 2. to be or
    become mixed up, get in bad shape.
    JW ~J ~ 1~1 0;l J~ tbahda1
    1een btida yiskar w-yi/Cab gmaar. He
    got in bad shape when he began to
    drink and gamble.

    JJ..+-1

    4...J~ bahda1a (v.n. of J-4-! bahdaf) 1.


    insult, abuse. o~J ~ L...... a...J~I
    1-bahda1a ma t.fiid wiyyaa. Insult will
    not do him any good.
    2. mess,
    disorder. YU~IJ d..-.U.ll ~ ~IJ wees
    ha 1-cafsa w-1-bahdala? What's this
    mess?

    of work. .r"~ C. U. najaab baahir


    brilliant success.

    l:t f> ~ bh9


    .lu~
    baahi9 (adj.) excessive,
    enormous. ~~ ~~ tikaaliif
    baah(Ja excessive expenses.
    Jt>~ bh1
    ~~ btiha1

    VIII to pray humbly to


    God. ~I Jl j.-+:!1 btiha1 'ila !!aah. He
    beseeched God.

    JL..f;!l btihaa1 (v.n. from j.f;!l btihaf)


    supplication, prayer to God.

    J J (>~

    J~ bah1uu1
    buffoon, clown.

    iJI~ bah1awaan

    p. -yya, -aat
    acrobat, tightrope walker. !l p--)1 l:.> J
    ...L,_;,.IJ ~l_k L..:..l....:a>-) ribna s-seerk
    w-ba~~a1na bah1awaaniyya waayid.
    We went to the circus and found many
    acrobats.

    mbahdil (act. part.) p. -iin


    ridiculed, embarrassed s.o.
    .U~ ,r...UI 1-mudiir mbahdila. The
    director has ridiculed him.

    ~l_h bah1awaani (adj.) acrobatic.


    ~l_k yl..Ji 'a1caab bah1awaaniyya

    J~ mbahdal (p.p.) p. -iin 1. having


    been ridiculed. 2. sloppy, miserable.
    .;t>~

    bhr

    acrobatics.

    f" t> "":' bhm

    .r6-! bahhar II to put spices in the food.

    ~ bhiima p.
    animal.

    jS'\11 ~ U"_b daaymanybahhir 1-'aki/.


    He always puts spices in the food.

    r4!

    bhaar spices Jl.f.! .Y (,.>...L:.J.I jS'\11


    ...L>.IJ l-'akil !-hindi fii bhaar waayid.
    Indian food has a lot of spices.

    bhr

    .J"~

    baahir (adj.) splendid, superb.


    camal baahir splendid piece

    beast,

    bhaam

    ~) 45'.r-=JI ~

    I.JM

    /"~ ~

    r-4--! bahaayim

    p. -aat thumb. vl.f.! JY


    cawwar bhaama fi
    s-sarika w-fannaS. He injured his
    thumb in the company and resigned.

    J4!

    ".; t> '-:'

    p. ~4. bihaaliil

    UJ J t> ~ bh1wn

    J~
    having

    '

    bhll

    uo '-:'

    bhns

    ~ tbahnas (~yitbahnas) to

    60
    buy luxury items. J _,_.II ~ l...J>.
    ~~ ~
    xaffna nsiir s-suug
    nitbahnas .i'wayya. Let's go to the
    market and buy luxury items.
    li~~ bhy

    ~ly. bawwaaba
    p. -aat gate,
    doorway. ~I ~ly. bawwaabat /-beet
    the house gate.

    ,j~.J~ bwbz

    ~l;i

    tbaaha VI (with -1 b-) to boast of


    s.th., be proud ofs.th., pride oneself on
    s.th. ~) .U...4 ~4 L(b daayman
    yitbaaha b-'a$la w-fa$[a. He always
    boasts of his origin and lineage.

    j!.J! boobaz (y.~ yboobiz) to squat on

    the ground (with thighs against the


    stomach and arms enfolding the legs).
    j-!_r-'1 mboobiz (act.

    part.) p. -iin

    squatting .

    .J~ bw

    ul/ J ~ .J ~

    y. buu = y.i 'ubu. SeeJ":-'-. 'bw

    bwblyn

    ~.J! boobliin poplin.

    ~.J~ bwb

    yL! baab p.

    sweeper.

    .J~

    biibaan 1. door.
    !._,.,l,ll ..!.l....o $ikk 1-baab! Shut the door!
    ._,.,L...:JI ~ fital) 1-baab. He opened the
    door. 2. gate, gateway. lf-:!~1 ._,.,4
    baab 1-bal)reen the Bahrain Gateway.
    ._,.,...L.:.ll ._,.,~ baab 1-mandab the Straits
    of Bab AI Mandeb (straights between
    SW Arabia and Africa). 3. class,
    group, category . ._,.,~ JJi ~ cee.i'
    'awwal baab top quality rice . ._,.,4 ~
    ~-l>.- fital) baab yidiid He opened up
    a new way or possibility . ._,.,4
    .:r
    min kill baab
    from everywhere.
    (prov.) o..L... ~J oL.;... ~ ~I ._,.,WI
    C;!..i'--'IJ 1-baab alii yajiik minna riil)
    sidda w-stariil). Rid yourself of what
    is harmful to you. (prov.) L. __,.ull Y4
    ~ baab 1-fagir ma yin$akk. What
    have I or you got to lose? (lit. "The
    door of a poor man cannot be closed.")

    JS'

    yiJ-! bawwaab p. -iin doorman,


    doorkeeper. r~ ':l) y\)'--! ~
    yistagil bawwaab walla xammaam.
    He works as a doorkeeper or a

    .J~.J":" bwbw

    .J-!.J! booboo
    baby talk) .

    water or food (only in

    I.JM u .J ~ bwts

    d\j y. buutaas potash .


    C.J~ bwl)
    C.~ baal) (C.~ ybuul)) 1. to be
    revealed, leaked out. C ~ _r-ll s-sirr
    baal). The secret leaked out. 2. (with
    --! b-)
    to reveal. o.r--! C~ baal)li
    b-sirra. He revealed his secret to me.

    C..J-! boob (v.n.) revealing, disclosure


    (of a secret) _,-14 c.r.lll-bool) b-s-sirr
    revealing a secret.
    ~ beel)a

    p. -aat forgiveness. iJ"}:J


    L~l ~ .~ y jlaan tawaffa.
    ya(lubk l-beel)a. So-and-so passed
    away; he asks forgiveness (for his
    debt).

    .J J.J~ bwdr

    oJ.) y. boodra

    powder.

    61

    JS'

    cups and glasses! 2. useless, vain.


    C.'J c.$-4>.- kill jihdi raal:z booS.
    All my efforts were useless. 3. loose
    (automotive) . ._;..J--1 ii;l::-11 jl...o ..:...~pll
    li-breekaat maal s-sayyaara boos.
    The car brakes are loose .

    .JJ '-:' bwr

    baar (;~ ybuur)


    1. to be
    unsaleable, be dead stock . ..:...J~ as.W.I
    1-bipaaca baarat. The goods did not
    sell. 2. to be unable to get a husband.
    ..:... }--?J ..:... ~ ~I 1-bint kburat
    w-baarat. The girl became older and
    didn't get married.

    ..}.)-!

    .)~

    J ~ J '-:'

    U.,.,y. buu$la p. -aat compass. (o .r-::.

    .Y-4 baayir (act. part.) l. uncultivated,


    waste. ii .r-~ ~1) 'araapi baayra
    wasteland.
    2. unsold. ii.r-~ u~
    bipaaca baayra unsold goods.

    'i .J J '-:'

    diira is more common. See..J(j .Jdyr.).

    t,J I.:'

    p. t_i.."' bwaac metatarsal


    bone. (prov.) ~ y. ~ -.s.~ J f i \....
    ma ycarf kuuca min buuca. He
    doesn't know his knee from his elbow
    (i.e., he is a stupid person).

    4iJ.J---l. buuri p. c.f ).)-! buwaari 1.


    trumpet. 2. pipe.

    t L! baac p. t'J-! bwaac span of the


    outstretched arms, fathom (six feet
    approx.) t'J-! ~ U _,k tuulha xams
    bwaac. It's about thirty feet long.

    ~J'-:' bwz

    jJ-! bawwaz II to look glum, pout. u;l


    ..:;... j.J-! c.f~J ~ J) L. :~ ~ ..:.Jj

    ~ISt..i,Ju bwfy

    .J! bufee

    p.

    ..:..y...; y.

    bufeehaat

    buffet.
    ~J I.:' bwk

    JJ-! buuz p. ji.J-! bwaaz mouth (~


    Oamm
    p. ~U Omaam
    is more

    .!.!~ buuk p . .!.lly. bwaak wallet. ...:......lk


    ~ y. ~ ...r'_,J.; tal/act jluus min buuki.

    common).

    I took money out of my wallet.

    j_r.o mbawwiz (act. part.) p. -iin angry,


    mad.
    .J

    bwc

    tJ-! buuc

    bwry

    leen gilt l:zagg binti: "~a truul:ziin


    wiY.Yaay, " bawwazat. When I said to
    my daughter, "You're not going with
    me," she pouted. j.J-!J .J...J ,.:;\.A.A'- J\5"
    caan J:zamgaan, gacad w-bawwaz. He
    was mad; he sat down and was pouted.

    bw$1

    'i tJM J I.:'

    bwsyr

    .P-"I.J! bwaasiir (or J.J-"'~ baasuur)


    piles, hemorrhoids.

    ~JI.:' bws
    ~~ boos I. empty tea glasses or
    coffee cups. !~_HI ~ siil /-boos!
    (said to a waiter) Take away the empty

    ~JI.:' bwg

    J~

    baag ( J .J-:!. ybuug) 1. to steal. ":1


    !JH Ia tbuug! Don't steal! 1_,;~
    o~.......,;.e ...r')AJI baagu li-jluus minna. They

    stole the money from him. (prov.) ":}


    Jli ":1 J J ~ Ia tbuug w-la txaaf If
    you don't steal, you won't have to fear
    anything. 2. to rob . .!.WI lj~ baagu
    /-bank They robbed the bank.
    JL:JI nbaag VII I. to be stolen . ..:...i~l

    62
    ~ Y.J-") JL,JI ~ yy ~ ~iA
    _,l.U-1 haaoi muskila muub cafa !-baa/

    .._,.._,...lAJI nbaagat /i-jluus.

    The money
    was stolen. 2. to be robbed. ~I JL,;I
    nbaag !-bank. The bank was robbed.

    wa-muub cafa 1-xaatir.

    J J--! boog (v.n. from J~ baag) 1.


    stealing. ~~ ~~.fl J ~I 1-boog
    ywaddiik s-siyin. Stealing sends you
    to jail. 2. robbery.

    U y. booga (n. of instance) p. -aat a


    theft, a robbery.
    JIJ--! bawwaag p. -iin, bawwaaga
    thief, robber. ~),-4 ~ Jl_r.ll 1_,>- j
    zaxxu
    l-bawwaag
    mitlabbis
    b-1-jariima. They arrested the thief
    redhanded.
    \

    things!

    J.J~ bwl
    baa! (J~ ybuul) to urinate. '1
    1t..Jl..__;JI ~ J_,....; Ia tbuul ji s-saaricf
    Don't urinate in the street! (prov.) l..
    Cr'""" ~ J.r.! maybuul cafajar/:1.. He
    is very stingy. (lit., "He doesn't urinate
    on a wound.")

    1..)-'J

    JJ-!

    J'-!

    boo! (v.n.) 1. urinating, urination.


    J_,..,JI ~ '--!.J"""" ~'Yy_ylaagi ~ucuubaji
    1-bool. He finds it difficult to urinate.
    2. urine. J_,..,JI ~ c.?.f.-. o-L= c;nda
    sukkari ji 1-bool.
    He has sugar
    diabetes. J ~I ~ ~ tasammum ji
    !-boo! uremia.

    This is a

    probl~m that is totally unexp:~tr. 2.


    attentiOn. ! J ~ .r...J.j '} Ia dd11n baa/!
    Don't worry! Never mind . ..!.ll~ .1-~
    !J~I JL..,. )I I..:U. .:r diir baalak min
    haaoa r-rayyaa/1-mu/:l.taal! Beware of
    this deceitful man. !.!.ll~ .h...:.- /;utt
    baalak!
    Pay attention! !..!.ll~ ..!.ll~
    baalak baalak! (phrase repeated by
    porters and donkey drivers in a
    crowded
    marketplace
    to avoid
    accidents). !~l..L.... ~ .!.ll~ .r.~ diir
    baalak cafa- saamaani! Watch my

    I! J .J ~
    ..,.-:1 y.

    boliis p. ~ _r.ll JL.,.J rijaa/


    l-boliis
    policeman C.)-_r;. sirti is
    more common. See I.!!:..;~ srty).

    f'.J ~ bwm
    ~ y. buum, "-' y. buuma p. -aat owl.

    f'.J ~ bwm
    ~J--! buum (no recorded p.) large
    double-ended
    ship, usually fully
    decked, with the rudderhead high
    above it, used mainly for transporting
    passengers.

    .J u u

    J.J ~ bwl

    J'-! baa! 1. state of mind. J_,;...;.... .J4


    baa/a masguul. He is worried. l>..J....,.
    J~ .:r ..;....._:..I.J a.......l5JI haaoi -c-caima
    raa/:lal min baali. I have forgotten this
    word.
    ~ ~~ c.,?j__;, haaoi
    1-ga(Jiyya cafa baali. I am thinking
    about this problem. !jL,ll ~ U>.
    xa!{na cafa !-baa!! Don't forget us.

    JL.o

    bwlys

    I! ~

    bybttw

    H. biibatto p. -waat parrot.

    uli ~

    byt

    ..;.tL! baa/ (ol-::! ybaat)

    1. to stay

    overnight, spend the night. 1j4 .J\0-1


    Li..L:.Y l-xuttaar baataw cindana. The
    guests spent the night with us. ...:..>~
    !~I li..L:.Y baat cindana !-lee/a! Spend

    63

    the night with us! 2. to sit overnight.


    ~ L. JS'~I -=...~ l~l 'ioa baat 1-'aki/ rna
    ca[ee. If the food sits overnight, it is
    all right.
    ~ bayyat II 1. to put up s.o. for the
    night. Li.J...:.&. r-"'~J .rl.:... ..:.....j}I .:_,L.S"
    caan
    l-wagt
    mit'axxir
    It had
    w-bayyatnaahum cindana.
    gotten late and we kept them overnight
    with us. 2. to keep s.th. overnight.
    ._,..\.;..:. o~ JJI JS'~I l- 'akil illi bayyatuu
    The food which they left
    xaas.
    overnight went bad.
    ~

    beet p. -=... .r=1 byuut 1. house,


    horne. ~I ~ fi !-beet at horne. I.;\
    ~I ~I_; 'aana raayi/:1 !-beet. I am
    going horne. (prov.) o_,.;~ J:!WI ~
    beet l-baayig baagoo
    Tit for tat.
    There will come a day when the
    oppressor will be oppressed. (lit.,
    "They robbed the house of the
    burglar.") ~ ~beet /:liyar stone
    house. '"jt.;i- ~ beet xa!a outhouse. 2.
    family. ~~ J:oi 'ahll-beet the family
    of Prophet Muhammad (cf. 4.1 J.:o
    hal !-beet the house occupants or
    owners).
    3. pll:'.ce. JL.i ~ beet
    'amaan safe, secure place. Jll.: ~
    beet
    l-maal
    the treasury, the
    exchequer (Islamic law). rl?l ~
    beet 1-l)araam the Kaaba (in Mecca,
    Saudi Arabia). ~ ~ beet acar
    Bedouin tent (made of camel hair). 3.
    (p . ..::...~1 byaat) line of poetry. ol::-!1
    ~I _r--:jl u---- byaat min -.5-sicir
    n-nabati
    lines of colloquial,
    vernacular poetry.
    ~

    mabiit

    overnight.

    place for staying

    ~~ baayit (act. part. from...::...~ baat)


    1. staying or having stayed overnight.

    ~L;.... UJll ~L, 1.;\ 'aana baayit l-leela


    hnaak. I am staying overnight there, or
    I stayed overnight there. 2. stale, old.
    ~~ .:,>- xubiz baayit stale bread.

    f" '[_ 'i

    ":"

    byjm

    LA~ biijaama = L.~ bajaama. See


    under I" I~":" bjaam.

    C'i"="

    byb

    r. 4 baa!).
    "''i ":"

    See under C:.J ":" bwl).

    byd

    .)~ baad (-Y ybiid) to exterminate


    '
    annihilate. 0 )~ J->:-') ~I .:_, ~ ..1-=...1~1 yrussuun li-byuut lajil
    ybiiduun 1-/:lasaraat. They sprinkle
    the houses so as to exterminate insects.

    ..l.i.'-! baayid (act. part.) past, bygone.


    -4W1 _y....ll f-cahd l-baayid the former
    regime.

    ..; ..If.!":" bydr


    )4. beedar p. _;~l::-! biyaadir 1. place
    for threshing com or wheat. 2. heap,
    pile. ..;:...; _;..l.....:! beedar tibin heap of
    straw.
    )\~ beedaar p. -iyya farmer, peasant

    (whose job is to thresh com or wheat).

    f" J'i ~ bydm


    ~4.

    beedam (coll.) almonds. s. -a.


    i.l..:! ;; ~ syarat bee dam almond tree.

    w~w j c.j ~

    byonJn

    ~~~ beeoinjaan (coli.) eggplant. s.


    -a. .Uf' Lo ~ 0U~1 1-beeoinjaan
    nibin rna ncarfa. We do not know
    what "beeoinjaan" is. ~

    .!J ~ Jl1

    64

    f
    0\.4~) ~r"i 0\.4~ {aa/ cumrakfii
    beeoinjaan
    'aswad w-beeoinjaan
    /:tamar. May you live long, there is
    black eggplant and red eggplant.

    '..JI.j ~

    byr

    .)'::-). biir p. Jlo-!1 byaar, }!1 'aabar well.


    (,>l.. ft! biir maay water well. J )}-! Jt, 1
    'aabaar batrool oil wells.

    ..JI.j ~ byr
    o.t:-! biira beer. ~l_.r->- ;; ft! y ~i L. rna

    'asrab biira /:taraam. I do not drink


    beer. It's unlawful. o.f.:-! J-k y. bootil
    biira beer bottle. bottle, glass of beer.
    oft! ~ ca{ni biira! Give me a beer!

    -J .

    ~..JIS u

    byrg

    J,:-! beerag
    banner.

    u .J..J l.j ~
    ~J.J:'.

    p. J Jl.o.! bayaarig flag,

    byrwt

    - .o

    ,ji,S u byz
    1/64 of a rupee, was in use until 1957).

    c_,..}!

    beezaat money
    jluus is
    more common). l..:t'lr, ~ J) warrni
    beezaatak! Show me yo~ money! L.
    -:.>If----! ~ rna cinda beezaat.
    He
    doesn't have any money.
    by

    cf-:! l.,
    .f---:1. bee
    under t.P-t.! ~ ys.

    b-ee.

    See

    ~I bya{J{J IX to tum white, get


    white. ~I o~ sacra bya{J{J. His
    hair turned white.

    bee{J (col!.) eggs. s. -a. pl. -aat


    i _,_.ll JW:. ~~ 1-bee{J gaali 1-yoom .
    Eggs are expensive today.~..:....;_;.
    ..:A~ sareet xams bee{Jaat. I bought
    five eggs. ~ ~fi i J!
    kill yoom
    yitrayyag bee{Jteen. Every day he has
    two eggs for breakfast. ..:.L:~ L.a.:!
    bee(Jdat diic (lit., "a rooster's egg.")
    It happens only once in a lifetime.
    ~I J\...i....o $ajaar l-bee{Ja the yolk of
    the egg.\_,~ l..i~ cindana bee{J? Do
    we have eggs? } 0 jylll, ....; ~ Jz)l
    -.. . ; y }:.it, 1-bee(J ybiicuuna b-d-darzan
    lo b-1-kartoona. They sell eggs by the
    dozen or by the carton. (carton of
    eggs= 24 eggs.)

    .)'Y

    ~I:!~ by9

    .)''-! baa9 (~ ybii(J)

    JS')

    J5'

    ..):-! beeza p. -aat paise (Indian coin=

    ~l..i:-!

    bayya(J II 1. to make white,


    whitewash. ~ _,.ll ...:...:..JI Jy 6,; _,.hlll~
    bayya{Ju t-toofa /:tool /-beet 1-yoom.
    They whitewashed the wall around the
    house today. ~I ~ p5:l1/-kibar
    ybayyi{J s-sacr. Old age turns hair
    white. !~) ..11 J::>--=! bayya{J a!!a
    weehak! May God make you happy.
    (lit., "May God whiten your face!") 2.
    to tinplate. ~1)1
    oJ)..L:I,.I 4.
    bayya{Jna
    li-juduura
    w-ki/1
    1-muwaaciin.
    We tinplated the
    cooking pots and all the pots and pans.

    beruut Beirut.

    .jJ.fr-'. beruuti p. -iyya 1. a Beiruti 2.


    characteristic of Beirut.

    JMi:i ~

    ~ ......t5' L.,.\.>..~ diyaayna killaybii(l.


    All of our hens lay eggs. t...,.\.>...UI
    ~ _,. . .11 ..:.....0'-! d-diyaaya baa{Jat 1-yoom.
    The hen laid today.

    to lay eggs.

    bayaa(J whiteness. W,l J>~


    bayaa(J 1-bee(Ja the white of the eggs .
    ~ )1

    '-"'lo.! bayaa(J 1-weeh

    good name,

    65

    reputation.
    t...,;,~ bayyaa{Ja p. -aat 1. good layer

    (hen). ..;...L..;,~ ~ li...~.;s. c;ndana xams


    bayyaa{Jaat. We have five good laying
    hens. (2. kind of fish that lays many
    eggs).

    ~i 'abya{J f. ~ bee{Ja p . ..}a:-! bii{J


    white. _?i ..ja:.!i 'abya{J 'akOar whiter.
    4. ~ ,m/:liifta bee{Ja. He has a
    clean slate. His record is clean. C.')._,.
    ~i silaab 'abya{J
    (lit., "white
    weapon") cold steel (sword, knife,
    bayonet).
    ~

    mabii{J

    p.

    ~Y

    mabaayi{J

    c.'J

    ~ beec sale. ~ Ia 1-beec for sale.


    ~ beec bi-1-jumla wholesale.
    J _;1~ ~ beec b-li-mfarrag retail.
    l_r]IJ ~\ 1-beec wa s-sira buying and
    selling.

    li.J:.4

    t Le!

    bayyaac

    p. -iin salesman, sales

    clerk.

    j..:.!

    .;(j ~ bytr
    1$ ~ bee(ari (n.) p. -iyya, -yyiin
    veterinarian.
    (also more common
    c.,?~ ~ (abiib beetari. ).
    1$~ beetari (adj.) veterinary . ..,_.bjl
    c.,?~\ !-!ibb 1-bee(ari veterinary
    medicine.
    t.'J~ bye

    (. ~ baac(e::-< ybii<) to sell. ..;J~ ~l;


    baacn; sayyaarta. He sold me his car.
    !t'.>\..-:.j ~ ~ Ia tbWni Claax! Don't
    lie to me. (lit., "Don't sell me lies!")
    ~~J ~ . yb .JJ\.j jlaan daahya.
    ybUCk w-yistiriik. So-and-so is smart.
    He is capable of manipulating you.
    (lit. "He can sell you and buy you.")
    (prov.) U) ~ J->- ~\ t_l: baac
    casa lee/a.

    (He is)

    penny wise and pound foolish. (lit.,


    "He sold the house for one [evening]
    dinner.")

    t"=!

    house. J')L.;.. j5"" ~J J; ~\


    raab stika ca[ayy w-bayyacn; kill
    balaali. He went and filed suit against
    me and forced me to sell all my
    possessions.

    J(j~ byl

    ovary.

    li-kbee/a bagg

    ~ ~ ~I 1-mabkama bayyactni
    beeti. The court forced me to sell my

    bayyac II to make s.o. sell s.th.

    bee! p. J~l byaal pickax, pick or


    shovel (also more common, J~
    seewil).

    .JU(j ~ bylr
    beelar p. -aat boiler. .H. c.,?l..
    maay beelar desalinated sea water.
    ~ y ?I c.,?l... maay s-surb beelar.
    Drinking water is boiled (by the
    boiler) water.

    )...:!

    ,.'/~ bym
    ~ biima

    p. ~1 'ibyam insurance.
    ~\ 6.5"~ sarikat 1-biima.
    The
    insurance company. !o}-:--ll ~ )J
    rawwni biimat s-sayyaara! Show me
    the car insurance! rj~ 0J~ J ~ .:. . )
    ~ !.I~ .J~ 'inta tsuug sayyaara
    laazim ykuun c;ndak biima. If you

    drive

    car,

    you

    have to have

    insurance. .J J~ .J}~ ~L..J:-1 ~


    ~ bac(J 1-jamaaca ysuuguun b-duun
    biima. Some people drive cars without
    insurance.

    66

    tC~
    u,...

    tt:~
    u,...

    byn

    liar.

    bayyan II 1. to make s. th. clear,


    plain. ~ JS' L.:.l 0:! bayyan lana kill
    sayy. He made everything clear to us.
    2. to appear, become evident . .Y .:.>\5"'
    ~=II<...J'!:--1 .:.r..~
    - ...r-i Y "'"'---"
    I
    .r---caan ji'
    11
    sa/:zaab bass bacdeen bayyan l-gumar.
    There were clouds, but later on the
    moon appeared. $~ J..>w .~ \. .
    rna tbayyin. ma/:z/:zd ycuufak. You
    don't show up. No one sees you. 3. to
    seem, appear to be. .!.ll~ ~ ~
    J_,;....;.... ybayyin ca[eek baalak masguul.
    It seems that you are preoccupied.

    1. between. ~J ~ l.i.A
    haaoa
    beeni w-beenak. This is
    between you and me. rft) rft ~ been
    yoom w-yoom
    from day to day.
    (prov.) .......;\).. ~ .......;\..,. J ...;\..:.- ~been
    /:zaana w-maana (Jayyacna 1/:zaana.
    Caught in the middle. Between the
    devil and the deep blue sea. 2. among.
    Jl_,Ji ~ been li-cyaal among the
    children.

    it seems that, it appears that. ~ .:r.~


    .)~ baayin
    ca[eek (Jamyaan. It
    seems that you are thirsty.

    tbayyan V to appear, turn out.~


    t~ .o..i1 J tbayyan-li 'inna callaax. It
    became evident to me that he was a

    ~ been

    bayaan p. -aat announcement,


    proclamation.
    ~'-::-!

    .)s- .;r..4 baayin ca[a (with suff. pron.)

    dM .:. I t.:l

    patta
    tcasseena
    w-/icabna
    to
    the
    w-staanasna.
    We went
    clubhouse.
    We had dinner, played
    cards and enjoyed ourselves.

    paats

    L,!.j4 paaca Persian stew made of


    meat from the head, feet, and stomach
    of a sheep.
    ~I

    t.:l

    paa$

    paa$ p. -aat l. bus. ~WI ~.b:.


    o;U..II j~ xaoeet 1-paa$ 'ila d-daayra. I
    took the bus to the department. 2.
    passport. o;-S'.1:.\IJ ~WI ~ catni
    1-paa$ w-t-taokara.
    Give me the
    passport and the ticket.

    .:.

    I~

    t:i'

    J I t.:l

    .:. .J ~.; t.:l prkwt

    ~_J-5';. parkoot (var . ..::.. ~.) farkoot)

    p. -aat overcoat.

    U I.J.; t.:l prwaan


    LIJ;. parwaana

    ream .

    oJJ~

    :!

    parda p. -aat curtain, drape.


    o~L.::.,. ..::..1~ r. 0 J~ IY"u '-"'81 ~LA
    hall)iin n-naas gaamaw yistiruun
    Nowadays people
    pardaat jaahza.
    have started to buy ready-made
    curtains.

    tJ 4paala p. -aat 1. bale of cotton. 2.


    ..) .J I t.:l paawr

    ptyt

    o.).r.

    ~~ paakeet

    paal

    -:

    J.; t.:l prd

    .:, <S ~ I u-: paakyt


    p. -aat l. box (of
    cigarettes, candy, etc.). ~4 ~~~
    ~ stareet paakeet cakleet. I
    bought a box of chocolates. 2. paper
    bag. ~~~ I) .1L-kJI .1__;.. l:zutt
    !-tamaaf fi paakeet! Put the tomatoes
    in a paper bag!

    puteeta (coll.) potatoes. s. 1 -.-!


    puteetaa, a -_-! ~ l)abbat puteeta.
    ~ ~ L..o a -_-.1\ 1-puteeta ma tit/ac
    hini. Potatoes do not grow here.
    A

    ~~

    ..

    .:.

    p. -aat

    l. fan. 2.

    (airplane) propeller.
    ja<,S.;U prymz
    1

    ..

    paawra p. -aa.t; f-ly. puwaayir


    (also _,...4ji 'angar, ~~ 'anjar, 'anyar)
    fisherman's anchor. Li...WJ 0J.r.J 1 ~
    J..L..i gatteena 1-pawra w-gicadna
    nl:zadig. We let down the anchor and
    started to fish.

    -:

    J-'...j. preemez

    p. -aat primus stove.


    0} o..- J ljU '-"'81 J}JI 0\... )I I) ~
    ..:..ly_~l bass fi z-zamaan 1- 'awwali
    n-naaS
    CaanaW
    yisfaCimfUUn
    li-preemzaat. Only in olden times did
    people use primus stoves.

    ..

    ~ <S .:t '-""' I J t.:t plaastyk


    ~ patta

    (var., less common batta) p.


    -aat deck of playing cards. (,>~81 ~ J
    L....i\.:...IJ ~ ~ J ~ ril)na n-naadi

    ~~ plaastiik (coll.) plastic.~


    ~~santa plaastiik

    plastic bag.

    68
    ~f"~

    pmp

    ~ pamp p. -aat
    air pump, tire
    pump. ~I U j ) -..,-,l4 u4_r..::ll \.:.:.:....ii
    nifaxna t-tyuubaat b-1-pamp w-nizalna
    1-baf:zar. We inflated the tubes and
    went down to the sea.

    ...; <.JM uu0: pnsr


    ~pansar (~ypansir)

    to go flat.
    ...;=)Ji ~ l) A ui..r-l.:ll .y ..r-li taayir
    min t-taayraat panar ji nu~~ t-tariig.
    One of the tires went flat in the middle
    of the road.
    ~ pansar

    puncture, leak, hole. y.i


    _r-:.,JI 'ubu l-pansar the tire repairman.

    cluu
    pnk
    0:
    ~ panka
    .:.lu~

    ...; .J,J~

    (var. banka). See under

    bnk.

    pwdr

    o)~.J--!

    puudra (coli.) powder. ~

    o.J~ y. haliib puudra powdered milk .

    J l(j~

    pyaal

    LJY.

    pyaala
    p. -aat (also more
    common .;,l5::::..... stikaan p. -aat) small
    glass tea cup.

    .- .

    '-::! tS '-::! PYP


    ~ peep

    p. -aat pipe. (,.)UI ~ .:...,;


    tayyat peep 1-maay. He tightened the
    water pipe.

    ..

    uuu tbb

    lu taa
    \1 taa name of the letter ...:.,..

    t.

    UJ ~I u taabwt
    ~y.W

    taabuut
    coffin, casket.

    t 'i ..J I u

    p.

    ~ly

    tiwaabiit

    taariix. See under C.J,. 'rx.

    to pearl dive.
    ~ ~I rA I.J'"'_,..AJI /-gOO$ huwa fli
    ytibb. A pearl diver is the one who
    (pearl) dives.

    uI ~~u

    tbbaan

    IJL-:1 tabbaan (coil.) fish of the king

    OjU taaza (invar.) fresh.

    ')11

    ~j-!.j L..

    ma nistiri 'ilia lal:zam taaza.


    We buy only fresh meat. ojL.; ~1_,;
    fawaakeh taaza fresh fruit.

    'i ~ uI u

    ytibb)

    tabba (n. of inst.) p. -aat one act of


    pearl diving.

    jlu taaz

    ojw

    (~

    4.:1

    taaryx

    ~.)\1

    tabb

    taanky

    ~U taanki p. ~ly tawaanki tank


    (water, gasoline), reservoir. V' ~I
    !~\.:JI 'itris t-taanld! Fill up the tank!
    V' Jj----" (.,>Lll ~U taanki 1-maay
    matruus. The water tank is full.
    (prov.) ~ JjJ ~J J ~ u"""l.i...o .:r.
    ~\.:JI bin mgaamis cirafrabca w-zagg
    ji t-taanki. Do not do favors for those
    who do not appreciate or deserve
    them. (lit., "Bin Mghamis was sure of
    his group and defecated in the tank.")
    ..J 'i I u taayr

    .r..U taayir p. _~-ly tuwaayir, -aat car


    tire. !~ ,:r _~-\.:JI J..~; baddil t-taayir
    min faplak! Change the tire, please!
    _~-UI ~J t_j""""""" ...:..-.:5' Cint misric
    w-pansar t-taayir. I was speeding and
    the tire went flat.

    mackerel family. s.

    t ~u

    a.;~

    -a.

    tbc

    tibac (~ yitbac) I. to belong to,


    be under the authority of. JY J ~
    4>.- )L..;jl ~ ~~)
    calha w-xoor
    fakkaan w-diba titbac s-saarja. Kalba,
    Khor Fakkan, and Diba belong to
    Sharja. 2. to follow, pursue. 3. to
    come after, follow. IrA~ J~u.
    .j-:!j ha s-samaal yitbaca hawa zeen.
    This northerly wind will be followed
    by good weather. 4. to adhere to. cil
    !..r-:!..lll ._:..,1 )i 'itbac tacfiimaat
    1-mudiir! Adhere to the director's
    structions!

    ow

    t!LJ taabac III to continue, go on with,


    follow. o".>l.-.!1 ~ 4------- JJ~ ~u
    taabacat druussa cugb $-$alaa. She
    continued studying after the prayer.
    ~I ttabac VIII = ci tibac to adhere
    to, follow. !r...lll ...:.,..~ ~I 'ittabic
    tacfiimaat 1-mudiir! Adhere to the
    director's instructions! 0 JWI ~
    ~~ JJ~ L....l_:..... ~ ~~ majlis
    t-tacaawun 1-xaliiji yittabic siyaasat

    70
    duwal 1-xaliij. The Gulf Cooperation
    Council follows the policy of the Gulf
    states.

    of grain.

    l)uu ttn
    s. ~ '--,.>
    babbat tilin. Jl=ll .:r ..Jdl !.? P.::.:. nistiri
    t-litin min t-tattaan. We buy tobacco
    from the tobacconist.

    1.}-J tilin (coli.) tobacco.

    ~ tabaciyya

    (var. ~\; taabciyya)


    p. -a at nationality, citizenship. .:.r..J
    Y~l:ll ween t-taabciyya?
    Where is
    the citizenship (certificate)? ~U
    !.? .;--1.9 taabciiti g{ari. My nationality is
    Qatari. I am a Qatari national.

    tattaan

    JL::ll

    .:r- ~

    p. -iin, -a tobacconist.
    ~~I stireet sbiil min
    t-tattaan. I bought a pipe from the
    tobacconist.

    ~l:;.o

    mtaabaca (v.n. from III C:!L.;


    continuation, pursuing. ~l:..
    ~I mtaabact l-ga(Jiyya the continuation of the problem . ...._,ly.i..ll ~l:..
    mtaabact d-diraasa the continuation
    of studies.

    u\...:1

    taabac)

    .;~u

    tjr

    r.-LJ

    taajar III to do business, deal.


    ._;:.L....<J~ .r-~ ytaajir b-li-gmaaS. He
    deals in pearls.

    t l:JI ttibaac (v.n. from VIII cil ttabac)


    adherence, compliance with. t ~~
    ..;...\
    ._1.-1\
    ttibaac
    t-tacfiimaat
    adherence to instructions.

    r.-LJ

    taajir p. Jl.i. tijjaar merchant,


    trader. .r-L....i ....t.;.__;;, sugla taajir. He
    works as a merchant. aJ.~ _r\; taajir
    b-l-jimla wholesale dealer.

    ci

    c:-LJ taabic (act. part. from tibac) p.


    -iin, t l,.ii 'atbaac I. follower, disciple.
    ~\J-1 t ~i .J-" ..L.>-IJ waaMd min
    'athaac l-baakim one of the ruler's
    followers. 2. belonging to, under the
    rule of. ~~ ~\; J~ JY xoor
    fakkaan /aabca dbayy. Khor Fakkan
    belongs to Dubai.

    dirast tijaara.

    ~\j taabca p. C::!\Y /awaabic dependency, dependent territory.

    The store is in a commercial location.

    ~\j

    taabciyya (var. ~ tabaciyya).


    See tabaciyya under t ':".::. tbc.
    ~

    mittabac (p.p. from VIII ~I


    ttabac) observed, adhered to. ubWI
    WI z.. cadaat l-mittabca the observed
    customs.

    w":"u

    tbn

    ~ tibin (coli.) straw, threshed stalks

    o}-~

    tijaara

    1. trade, business.~

    oJL...,.;..li .j yistagil ji-t-tijaara. He deals


    in trade. 2. commerce. o) . i. ..:........ J~
    I studied commerce.

    oJ~l o)jJ wizaarat t-tijaara the


    ministry of commerce.

    t.f JL4- tijaari commercial . .j Ji.S ..UI


    ...; Jl.i. (:} y d-diccaan ji mawgic tijaari.
    ~>t

    tjh

    ~I ttajah VIII. See under o ~J wjh.

    ucu

    tbt

    tabat 1. (prep.) under.

    .J\5' ..Ui

    ~WI d-diccaan tabat li-bnaaya. The


    store is under the building. <..1"\J J :./

    min tabat raas

    due to, attributed to.

    j)UI ~~ haaoi
    1-masaakil min tabat raas 1-bariim.
    r---:J-1 ._,.,1J J

    .:_r---

    71
    These problems are caused by women.
    ~~~ .:,_j. .._U;_,11 li-mwappaf ta}J.t
    t-tajriba.
    The employee is on
    probation. Jl~l J
    ta}J.at 'israaf
    under the supervision of. J _raj J
    tabat ta~arruf at the disposal of. 2.
    (adv.) J
    c_IJ raa}J. tabat. He went
    .:..,-o min tabat from
    downstairs. J
    below, underneath.

    hini muub zeen. ma yif/ac fii n-nabaat.


    The soil here is not good. Plants will
    not grow in it.

    [.;~

    ~j

    tarjam (~H ytarjim) to


    translate, interpret. Jl ~.rJI .:.r ~)
    t,? _r......K.;)'i tar}am min f_carabi 'ila
    1-'ingiliizi. He translated from Arabic
    into English. ~I J 0 .J":!. c..~-..r 0.; f t L..
    ~ ~ fi ma ycarfuun carabi. yibuun
    waa}J.id ytarjim-ilhum. They do not
    know Arabic. They need someone to
    interpret for them.

    ~ ta}J.ti located lower or beneath.


    ~ rJ..U. hduum tabtiyya underwear.
    Jc;~

    t}J.d

    ~I ttibad VIII. See under .J CJ whd.


    1.;~

    from~; tarjam)
    translation, interpretation. ~ ~;
    t? _r.---K,;)'I Jl ~.rJI tarjama min
    f-carabi 'ila 1- 'ingiliizi
    translation
    from Arabic into English.

    U:j tarjama (v.n.

    traa
    t.> _;J tara

    (invar.) 1. well, well then,


    well now. ~ r~I 1..5; tara l-yoom
    cu{la. Well, today is a holiday. 2. for
    your information, I tell you. r-..lll
    1..5 ~ L;! ~.A.J:-1 l-mudiir l-yidiid ya tara.
    For your information, the new director
    has come. 3. because. ,ol,!J .__; '.1
    !~ 1..5~ Ia tsiir wiyyau tara
    ygi(}(}ak! Don't go with him bt ~ause
    he will upset you.

    'i 1.; ~

    trjm

    traay

    ~.?'.;J

    traay p. -aat test, examination.


    t,?l) ~ ..L.:. xao cafeehum traay. He
    gave them an examination. ~.1,.:.
    ~;; J~l ~ t?'~ xaoeet traay ca[a
    s-sayyaara? Did you try the car?
    ~ 1.;~ traab
    ~1,;-1

    traab (coiL) earth, soil, dirt. s.


    yl~ ~ J;afnat traab a handful of
    earth. ylj-JI lj ~ !J_,..>-i ~ 'Y Ia
    txa!!i 'uxuuk yifcab fi 1-traab! Don't
    let your brother play in the dirt! yl..rJI
    ~.:. A.~I ~
    L.. J-j y _,.. ~ t-traab

    tllz:

    iJIJ:j tirjimaan
    interpreter.
    \

    (,j'J.)

    ..

    p. -iyya translator,

    trs

    ,_r_;J tiras ('-"'~ yitris) to fill, fill up


    s.th. with. t,?Lo ~UI '-"'~ tiras
    t-taanki maay. He filled the tank with
    water. !~I..:JI '-"')I 'itris t-taanki! Fill
    up the tank!

    ,_rj larras II= tiras. See ljM..Ju trs.


    ,_r_;-..JI ntiras VII to be filled with s.th.
    t,?l...o '-"' jJI ~l.:ll t-taanki ntiras maay.

    The tank was filled with water. j5'4


    '-"'~ Lo w .}' .~IJ yaakil waayid.
    karsa ma yintiris. He eats a lot. His
    belly is bottomless.

    ,_r)LJ taaris (act. part. from'-"'; tiras)


    p. -iin having filled with. <~..... J~ J j
    t,?l...o tawwni taarsa maay. I have just
    filled it with water.

    72

    4.1'JJ-" matruus (p.p. from U"; tiras)


    filled with, full of. ru- U"J~ rly.lli
    d-draam matruus xmaam. The can is
    full of garbage. j.>.L...J U"JJ"" J _,.....11
    ~.r J s-suug matruus rayaayiil
    w-l:zariim. The marketplace is full of
    men and women.
    T4J<M.JU
    - trs

    ~JJ-" matruuk (p.p. from .!.I; tirak)


    left, having been left . .:; ~JY 0_;L,.JI
    J,!.;kll ..._,.aj s-sayyaara matruukafi nu~~
    (-{ariig. The car is left in the middle
    ofthe road.
    l.j~.J~

    strong wind. pll .:; ~ J


    w~ J-- }J U".Jl; d1' w-ni/:linfll-barr
    fi[ac taaris w-r-ramil camaana. While
    we were in the desert, a strong wind
    blew and the sand blinded us.
    4J'JLJ taaris

    ~...i.J~ trjk

    trky

    ~.J tirkiyya Turkey. ~ .J !.I _,....s~L,S'; c;mrak ri/:lt tirkiyya? Have you
    ever been to Turkey? .:_r-j ~ Y;
    tirkiyya balad zeen.
    Turkey is a

    beautiful country.
    ~.J tirki

    o.!.LJ.J traflk
    traffic department,
    highway patrol. $ j-ll o__r-b daayrat
    t-traflk the highway department. _,.p
    $ jJI paww t-trafik the traffic light.
    ~..)~

    'aana taarikhum hnaak 'ams. I left


    them there yesterday.

    o~i .:.;---

    p . .!.11;i 'atraak I. a Turk.


    ~; .r--1" huwa tirki min

    'angara. He is a Turk from Ankara.


    2. Turkish. L,5'; o~ gahwa tirkiyya
    Turkish coffee.
    ~U.J~ trnj

    trk

    ~ _;J

    tirak (~ fi yitrik) l. to leave s.th.


    ..J ~ _,..;1 ci-!. L. .JlS' caan ma cifta
    'itrik-la xabar. If you do not see him,
    leave him a message. }J~.ll .!.1; tirak
    1-ma{aar. He left the airport. 2. to
    give up (e.g., a habit). c.?j;,. .!.1 _;U rj'Y
    ~I o.>l...JI /aazim titrik haaoi f-caada
    s-seena. you have to give up this bad
    habit.
    p-:>'-

    ~ _;J tarrak II to cause s.o. to give up,


    abandon s.th. ~I o.>L...JI ...5';i j'Y
    /aazim 'atarrka f-caada s-seena. I
    have to make him give up the bad
    habit.

    :l.JU" taarik (act. part. from .!.1; tirak) p.


    -iin I. leaving . .?~ .!.1 ) ...i wT 'aana
    laarik baaCir. I am leaving tomorrow.
    2. having left . ...,.......i .!.IL:..t. ~;w LiT

    .J

    trinj (coll.) citron. s. 4..>.-; -a.


    r} .r-JI .J ~ ybiicuun t-trinj
    b-1-babba. They sell citron by the
    piece. <$"' ~ L. r} _rll t-trinj ma yi{lac
    hini. Citron doesn't grow here.
    ~

    ~~

    J I 4J'M u

    tsaal

    4JL__j tissaala special kind of ship


    (also known as the J...L:...a $andaT), used
    for
    transporting
    goods
    from
    steamships to the harbor.
    t.~...JM U

    tsc

    ~ tisca

    (var.

    e:-J tisic)

    nine.

    a........__.; Y~Li ...1..:>-IJ cam waabid tabi?

    How many do you want? Nine.


    the nine of them.
    ~ r-+"""'
    i IJL.>.. yaw tiscattum
    killhum. They came, all nine of them.

    tisca.

    ~ tiscattum

    73
    ~

    tisictacas,

    tisictacsar

    The supervisor is not good. He caused


    me a lot of trouble. !..!1:>- J.J ~ ':1 Ia
    ttacc;b ruul;ak! Don't bother yourself1

    nineteen.
    ~

    tisic p.

    WI

    tsaac one-ninth.

    ~ tisicimya 900.

    ~.A.Jf ~ lisea 'alf 9,000. 0 _,.1...


    tisca malyoon nine million.

    tacab

    1. tiredness, weariness.
    ? I s-sugulfi
    yiziirat daas tacab waayid. Work on
    Das Island is very tiring. 2. trouble,
    exertion.

    tisciin ninety.~ .J..) .:.r:-J tisciin


    dirhim ninety dirhams.
    ~

    6........-i

    ..J....>..IJ

    ...,.....u ._,..b o_r-.r l)

    .:.>~

    tacbaan p. -iin tired, exhausted.

    ~i .J..l!i \... .0~ tacbaan. rna 'agdar

    t-"lJ taasic (with foil. n.) the ninth.


    C::-"1.; taasic yoom the ninth day.
    r-t"--"1.; taasichum the ninth (one) of

    u..L..J .JJ 0~ ..:___.;5" Cint tacbaan

    them.

    w-ragatt. I was tired and fell asleep.

    'astagil.

    ~.)-?.

    ul:f..; ,_fM u
    f$1

    J..a11 tfi$al VIII.


    ~t U

    See under J v.:. .J W$1.

    ~ mutcib
    dull, boring.

    fCb

    fiCab (~ yitcab) I. to be or
    become tired. JA.-:JI i f ~ fiCabt min
    s-sugul. I got tired of work. i f ...,.....u
    C:!-~ ,s.. -~-.U ficab min 1-masi. yabi
    yistarii/:z. He became tired ofwalking.
    He wants to rest. 2. to work hard. b)
    ~ ~j'J .:J.;L:>- ~ ~_,.~ ~ 'ioa
    bageet titwajfag ji f:zayaatak laazim
    tifCab. If you want to be successful in
    your life, you have to work hard.
    taccab II I. to make s.o. tired. y.
    ~~I . ..)y JL>..J huwa rayyaal
    cood 1-masi ytacciba. He is an old
    ~

    man.

    Walking makes him tired . .!JI..)


    ~ JA..=JI oaak s-sugul ytaccib. That
    work makes one tired.

    2. to bother,

    trouble s.o . ..1.>.-IJ ~ <T-J y _,.,. ._.k...L;.:)I


    t-tindeel muub zeen. taccabni waayid

    I cannot work.

    ~i 'atcab (elat.) more or most tired.


    ~ ..,.__..ui y. huwa 'atcab minni. He is
    more tired than I am . ...L..>-IJ ...,._.ui y.
    huwa 'atcab waaf:zid. He is the most
    tired one.

    tsryn

    JJi J.~ tisriin 'awwal October.


    ~~ .:.r-_r:.; tisriin ()aani November.

    J ~..)'&' u

    I am tired.

    t U t. U

    I. tiring, difficult. 2.

    (C(C

    tactac

    (~

    ytacfic) to stammer.
    ~ .:.r..J ~ \.. rna yitkallam zeen.
    ytactic.
    He doesn't talk well. He
    stammers.

    LA::..u tactaca (v.n. from ~ tactac)


    stammering, a stammer.
    ~t. U

    fC{J

    .l:w-1 ftica9 VIII. See under~ t.J we f).

    J t. U

    (C/

    Jw tacaal (imp.) 1. Come, come here.


    (f. JL....; tacaali). !~ Jl.U tacaal hini!
    Come here! !~ JL....;) (J.J ruu~
    w-tacaal b-cajal! Go and come back
    quickly! fl_j~l) Jl.U tacaali wiyyaana!
    Come (f.s.) with us! 2. (with foll.

    74
    imp.) come .. ! !<,>~IJ ~I JW tacaal
    'il:zCi wiyyaay! Come" talk to me! JW
    !~ tacaal callimni! Come tell me!

    c'-'u

    tfo.

    C. I....Qr

    tiffaal:z (coli.) apples. s. a._,.. \.Aj


    tiffaa}:za.
    p. -aat. ~_r--)1 JU. C WI
    t-tiffaal:z gaali 1-yoom. Apples are
    expensive today. ~c_WI
    ~ cata
    cam t-tiffaal:z? How much are apples?
    C l..Qj ~_r.....;.IJ J _,_]1 ..::...>- .J ril:zt s-suug
    w-stireet tiffaa}:z. I went to the market
    and bought apples . ..:.;L.,..\.Aj ..:...~
    kal f)alaaf) tiffaa}:zaat. He ate three
    apples.

    r-S"

    J5'

    t'-'u

    tfx

    t...;u

    nifax (~ yanfix).
    nfx.

    See under

    4...Li3 tafta (n. of inst.) p . ..:.;':).A; -aat an


    instance of spitting.

    .>Ju tfh
    al.Qj tfaaha triviality, insignificance.

    o\....Aji 'atfah l. (with foil.

    if min) more

    trivial than. 2. (with foil. n.) the most


    trivial.
    ~u taafih p. -iin trivial, insignificant.

    tkl

    'iddu

    tkky

    ~ tikki (coil.) mulberries, berries. s.

    tksy

    ~ taksi p. ~\50 tikaasi taxi.


    J..L:..oi.ll J! }-..kll if ~ G..!~ xaoeet
    taksi min l-ma{aar 'ila l-fundug. I
    took a taxi from the airport to the
    hotel.

    JJu tfl
    J--Ar tifal

    .}JI ttiga VIII. See 'i ~ .J wgy.

    ~~ ttikal VIII. See J.:.I.J wkl.

    ..;411 ttifag VIII. See under ~ ...i .J wfg.

    ~ -yya or ~ ._..,.,... }:zabbat tikki.


    l?" ~ \. . ~I t-tikki rna yit[ac hini.
    Mulberries do not grow here.
    'idutky

    ~I ttika VIII. See under (j.:.I.J wky.

    J..JtJu

    to spit. ~
    )_r, Ci[ac
    (Jruusa w-gaam yatfil cala 1-'ar(J. He
    ...}'.J ~I

    JI....Qr tfaal I. spit, saliva. 2. spitting.


    t_~ ._;,.J ~I ~ JL....A:ll t-tifaal caza
    1-'ar(J mamnuuc. Spitting on the floor
    is forbidden.

    Jdu

    ~Ju tfg

    'i I.J""'du

    See J .J.::. tfl.

    (j~u tgy

    ~ tifax (~yitfix) =more common


    ~

    JAi taffal II = tifal.

    (~ yatfil)

    ~ ~ ~\._j)

    ......_.

    had his teeth pulled out and started to

    Js-

    spit on the ground. ~ ~


    ~
    tifal cafayy min gee(Ja. He spat on me
    because of his anger. ~ '1la titfil!
    Don't spit!

    tfg,f

    Jl_;-iJJ

    taligraaf 1. telegraph. o.r-b


    daayrat t-taligraaf the

    J\~1

    telegraph department.

    2. telegram,

    cable. Jl~ .W ...:..-..:;. _,.b tarrast-la


    taligraaf I sent him a telegram.
    Jl~ taligraafi telegraphic. ,;/'y\..,ajl
    ~I_,;Jj tti$aalaat taligraafiyya

    graphic communications.

    75

    by telephone, on the telephone. ~~


    u_,Al:l'-1 ~ fta$alt fiik b-t-ta/afoon. I
    contacted you by telephone. 4L>
    u_,Al:l'-1 /:taaceeta b-t-talafoon. I talked
    to him on the telephone.

    ~Jy tlf

    ~ tilif (~ yitla.f)

    1. to be or
    become abandoned or deserted. ul5::.1.1
    1)\...A.lj ;~ ~ ~ 1-mukaan tilifyacni
    $aar talfaan. The place was abandoned means that the place became or was
    deserted.

    J......b talaf (v.n. from


    abandonment, desertion.

    ._.A.....lj

    JJy

    jJ tall

    ~}

    J-1 tall (v.n. from tall) pulling. y


    ~1 mubaaraat tal/1-/:tabi/

    IJL....Al3 talfaan p. -iin abandoned,


    deserted. ~LA.li ..r-L-s- camaayir
    talfaaniin
    abandoned, deserted
    buildings. ~ ...b-L.... .I)L....A.l; uL..S::.il
    1-mukaan talfaan. ma/:t/:tad fii. The
    place is deserted. There isn't anyone
    in it.

    uJJytlfn
    ~ talfan (~ ytaljin)

    to make a
    telephone call. Lo ~ ....,-...-i .U ~
    4
    I .a'>- talfant-la 'ams
    bass ma
    /:ta$~alta.
    I telephoned him yesterday
    but did not find him.

    4J ~ talafoon p. -aat telephone . ..6:.


    u~~ xatt t-talafoon the telephone
    line. J_,A.!-- uyil;JI t-talafoon masguul.
    The telephone is busy. Y.:1 _,At ~; Y,
    su ragam talafoonak? What is your
    telephone number? uyil;J4 b-t-talafoon

    ol).~-

    the tug of

    war game.

    Ju

    taall (act. part.) p. -iin having


    pulled. ~ _,....:;, ~ <L.Jtj LiT 'aana taal/a
    gab! swa;ry. I pulled it a short while
    ago.
    J~ matluul (p.p.) p. -iin

    Utj~JJ Y tlfzyn

    on television.

    Ji

    tal/1-/:tabil min yaddi. He pulled


    the rope from my hand. ~~ ~~ Y
    tall s-seeb !-gee$. The rope-man (in
    pearl diving) pulled the pearl diver.

    garya taalfa

    4J.HJA.b" talafizyoon p. -aat television.


    uy._ji.WI ~ .:.r-j ~ ~ sift filim zeen
    ca[a t-talafizyoon. I saw a good movie

    (~ ytill) to pull . .y ~~

    ~~

    tili.f)

    ~I.J taa/if (act. part.) p. -iin having

    become deserted. a.A.Jtj


    deserted village.

    til

    having

    been pulled.

    .JJ Y

    tlw

    oJ"j...;

    tilaawa (v.n.) oral reading (esp.


    from the Quran). uT...,--A] I .:..r-" o)"':JW
    tilaawa min 1-gur'aan oral reading,
    recitation from the Quran.

    JU taali

    (adv.) 1. afterwards, then.


    YJU) w-taali? And then what? 2. in
    the end, at long last. ~_r:. b J 4-)tj
    o~ taaliiha ri/:tna sribna gawha. In
    the end we went and had coffee ....:.. J
    JU ~i L...iT .~1~ [)J 'inta ruu/:t
    oal/:tiin. 'aana 'ayi taali. You go now,
    I will come later. 3. (only with suff.
    4- -ha) Y~V.
    L. . 4-)tj L...0.
    .
    . haaoi
    taaliiha. ma tl:zaaciini? Is this the end
    result? Aren't you talking to me?

    76
    ~f'u

    tmb

    ~ tamba p. -aat small ball (such as a

    tennis ball). WI I~ J~ifi-cyaa/


    licbaw t-tamba. The children played
    ball. oJ)J.....,. "-:1 \....:.i..UI d-dinya tamba
    mdawwara. The world is a round ball.
    ~~

    f>U tmbk
    timbaak (coil.)= (more common
    .:..;:.1 titin) tobacco. ,y o.=~ J_,::-:, !.I WI
    ~; t-timbaak nistawirda min
    tirkiyya.
    We import tobacco from
    Turkey. JL::;li ,:,-- !.IL.~....::.li t$ ~ nistiri
    t-timbaak min t-tattaan. We buy tobacco from the tobacconist.

    f>U tmbl
    tambal (var . ~ tanbal) p. J.l:...i
    tanaabil bum, loafer. Lo ~u ~ ~,.)'""'!
    ~ bass tambal gaacid ma
    ycamil sayy. He is only a bum. He is
    inactive and indolent.

    .,.W.

    .r-

    ~ tamtam (~ ytamtim) to stumble


    in speech, mutter, stammer. ~ wlS'
    .Uu ~~ G f' Lo caan ytamtim. ma
    cirafna IIi gaala. He was stammering.
    We did not know what he had said.
    ~ tamtama (v.n. from~ tamtam)
    stammering, muttering. JlS' v% j5'"
    4.........;:.C kill kalaama caan tamtama. All
    his words were unintelligible.

    ,; f" u tmr
    tamir (coli.) dry dates, palm dates

    (usually of black or dark color). s . -a,

    ,;-i ~
    .r---:JI

    ~abbat tamir

    ~ 0J~

    C I.JM f" u

    tmsl:z

    timsaal:z p. ~LC timaasii/:1 l.


    crocodile. 2. alligator.

    f' f" u tmm

    tamm (~ ytimm) 1. to be completed, consummated. U".rJI { L....#


    ~ J-->- ...:_... _r ....L> U".rJ..I cugubma
    tamm [-cirs 1-micris xao caruusta /:lagg
    halha. After the wedding was completed, the bridegroom took his bride
    to her folks' home. 2 . (with foiL
    imperf. ) to continue, go on doing s.th.
    ~ -:r..-Jl ~i ~ tammeet 'astagil
    'ileen fiCabt. I continued to work until
    I got tired.

    r1

    f" u f" u tmtm

    ,;1.

    .)Ll tammaar p. -iin, o)l tamaamra


    one who sells dates.

    C. L.....l

    !IW

    J~

    During Ramadan people break their


    fast by eating dates. t$J....:J> ~ tamir
    hindi tamarind.

    a fruit date.

    fl

    V"U\ JL,;a..J
    rum(Jaan n-naas yifi{ruun ca[a t-tamir.

    ~ tammam II to complete, finish.


    !~ tammim suglak! Finish your
    work!

    ~U tamaam 1. exactly. -s.i rLC ~ ~l


    r-AJ.=~ ~ 'ii nacam t~maam. 'abi
    xamsiin dirhim. Yes, exactly. I want
    fifty dirhams. 2. well, perfectly. 11.
    rll ~ J~l haaoa 1-kuuli yistagil
    tamaam. This coolie works well. 3.
    true, right. .....il&. ~ l..i.....P. !rll ~~J
    walla tamaam! haaoa seebtin gaanma.
    This is really true!
    This is a
    magnanimous old man.

    j J f" f" .:a tmmwz

    j} tammuuz

    July (month) .

    77
    to accuse, charge s.o. with s.th. ori
    J _r.l~ tihmoo b-l-boog. They accused
    him of stealing.

    J~u~ tnbl

    tanbal
    (more common,
    tambal). See under J '":' t".::. tmbl.

    J II .J u~

    -..hi

    ~I

    ntiham VII (with y b-) to be


    accused, charged with s.th. J _r.l~ ~I
    ntiham b-l-boog. He was accused of
    stealing.

    tndyl

    ~.L;j

    tindeel p. J..)\..;j tinaadil, ~~


    -iyya
    foreman, supervisor. ~
    WyS01 J-> ~~ yistagil tindeell:zagg
    l-kuuliyya. He works as a foreman for
    the coolies. ?J J.1Y- JJI Y' J..L:.:ll
    t-tindeel huwa 'illi ywa(J{Jif w-yfanniS.
    The foreman is the one who hires and
    fires.
    ~u~

    rl'

    ttaham VIII = more common ~


    tiham. See f' e..::. thm.

    ~ tihma (var. ~ tahiima) p.


    tiham accusation, charge.
    ~ mittaham (p.p. from
    p. -iin. accused.

    tnk

    l!.l.:J tanak (coil.) tin sheets, aluminum.


    s. ..:G ~ gWat tank or ~ tnaka.
    W tnaka p. -aat tin container(= 4
    gallons approx.) .:r-)~ W tnakat
    baanziin gas container . ..!.Li ,y c.:; .J=!
    byuut min tanak aluminum houses.

    !lL:J tannaak
    tinsmith.
    .J~U ~

    p. -iin, a.5'\..;j tannaaka

    tnkr

    ~ tankar p. _?'l.;j tanaakir tanker


    car, truck (usually used for carrying
    water). ..:.r..j y r--' y _r:JI J-> (,?Lll
    i~
    (,?\... .:r-_?:..:.; (,? ~ 1-maay l:zagg
    s-sirb muub zeen. nistiri tankareen
    maay kill yoom. Water for drinking
    purposes is not good. We buy two
    trucks of water every day.

    J--5'

    .JJU ~ tnwr
    )~

    tannuur p. _;::j\..;j tanaaniir mud


    oven (for baking bread). J_,;; _r.>- xubiz
    tannuur bread baked in a tannuur.

    11 J I.J ~

    ~I

    ttaham)

    twaalyt

    ~\y twaaleet

    I. coiffure, hairdo.

    ~\ y.. c:...,ll_,; L>y) ~\ c') raal:z


    li-ml:zassin w-sawwa twaaleet mi()l
    l-xunfus. He went to the barber and
    had his hair styled like a Beatie. 2.
    toilet. J~) c:...,ll_rll c'.J raal:z t-twaaleet
    w-baal. He went to the toilet room
    and urinated .
    ~.J~

    twb

    yl..J taab (y ~ ytuub) I. to repent, do


    penance. yl.S cJ-;!~) ~ JlS caan

    yiskar w-bacdeen taab. He used to get


    drunk and he repented later on. 2.
    (with ~ can) to renounce, turn away
    from. _,s:.._..J1 ~ yL.; taab can s-sikir.
    He turned away from drinking. yl.S
    ~ taab caza to forgive s.o. (a sin) .
    .::ill ~ yl.S) _?:--\1 Jk., batral s-sikir
    w-taab cafee 'af!a. He stopped drinking and God forgave him.
    y _,.; tawwab II to make s.o. repent.

    ,.~~

    thm
    ~

    tiham

    ~I ~J ~Y tawwabta w-battal
    (~yitham)

    I. (withy b-)

    s-sikir.

    I made him repent and he

    78
    stopped drinking.
    ~j' tooba (v.n. from yU taab)
    repentance, doing penance. l...! ~_,.:!1
    !yJ t-tooba ya rabbi I will never ... !
    I've learned my lesson, God! ~_,.:!1
    !._,..')\....>. t-tooba xalaa$! I repent all
    that I've done.

    yl_,.s tawwaab (epithet of God, lit,


    "the
    forgiving one") forgiving,
    merciful. ~)I yl_,...;ll ~ .i1 'a{{aah
    huwa t-tawwaab r-ral)iim. God is the
    forgiving and merciful one.
    ~,J~

    twj

    [...J-3 tawwaj II to crown s.o . ..!.l1o .Y"' j


    .).)J ~I ~ tawwajoo
    malik cala
    1-'ardun. They crowned him king of
    Jordan.

    J.J~ twl

    twm

    r_,.; loom

    p. ~lj twaam twins . .o.;;.. .r~ y ~L:.,. l)urumta yaabat toom. His
    wife had twins. ~1_,; ~ xams twaam.
    quintuplets.

    uJ u

    ,J,J ~

    tww

    ,.S laww- (with foil. suff. pron.) have


    just ... J...-.>) y tawwa wi$al. He has
    just arrived. l)l.>.- r--" y JL.,.Ji li-'yaal
    tawwhum yaw. The children have just
    come. ............ /' J; tawwni mrammsa I
    have just talked to him.
    J~(ju tybl
    ~

    ty/J

    (~ ytiil)) to throw. throw


    away. -.sLl' .j ~~ C\j taa~ 1-~iyar fi
    1-maay.
    He threw the rock in the
    water.

    C.. LJ taal)

    thrown, having thro\\n away s.th. ~


    tiJ..UI .j .o.J.\j 'a ana taayba fi d-draam
    I have thrown it away in the garbage
    can.
    taay~w
    p. -aat misfortune.
    calamity. _?>..Ji ,.:.J\.1:\.j taaybaat d-dahir

    UIJ

    misfortw1es of fate.

    .J'i u

    tuunis I. Tunisia (the state of


    Tunisia). 2. Tunis (the capital city).
    tuunsi p. 4.......ily tawaansa I. a
    ~

    y '-:-' .r-

    yo huwa muub
    tuunsi. He is not Tunisian. 2. Tunisian

    Tunisian.

    '

    tyr

    Jl.:J fG_\)'aar p. -aat current. flow.


    draft (of air). ~ ..f JL...,; tayyaar

    ._,....; y

    p. _}.L,; tayaabil 1. table.

    _r.....A).-1 :) _}.L,; ._,-)-- y fii xams tayaabil


    fi 1-l)afiiz. There are five tables in the
    office. 2. desk. _}.dl ~ ~~ t-teebil
    l)agg t-tindeel the foreman's desk.

    twns

    teebil

    ~LJ taayi~ (act. part.) p. -iin ha\ing

    ~ j' tuula p. -aat 1140 lb. (originally


    used in weighing gold and other
    precious metals).

    I.J'M

    characteristic of Tunisia. w j.J-1


    ~ _,.:!1 li-l)kuuma t-tuunisiyya the
    Tunisian government.

    C'i u

    [.. LJ taaj p. 0~ tiijaan crown. C \j


    cllil taaj 1-malik the king's crown.
    C Ul ~ !ibis 1-taaj. He wore the
    crown.

    f>,J ~

    karhab electric current.

    I.J'M 'i

    rys

    ~ tees

    p.

    _;:-JI ~~ J-"

    J" ~

    ..r-==J'

    tyuus billy goal


    t-tees huwa oakar

    79
    [_canz.
    goat.

    J (j.:;:,

    A billy goat is the male of a

    tyl

    They went out hunting and got lost in


    the desert. ~)2JI ~ oL..; taah can
    ?-{ariig. He lost his way.

    tayyah II to lose, confuse s.o. ~L,JI


    .JL...S' ._.lJI J:> r-JI 4.._,j l-baayig
    tayyah s-sir{i lli caan laa/:lga. The
    thief lost the policeman who was
    following him.

    ~11

    J.-=1

    tee[ p.
    power line.

    J_,....;

    tyuul

    1. wue. 2.

    f' li.:;:, tym


    teem I. time. 2. work shift. ~
    xila$ teemi. My work shift has
    finished. d'~ ~~ t-teem xalaa:r
    The time has expired.

    Uli.:;:,

    tyn

    tiin (coiL) figs. s. 4.....:..; -a. ,J:; ~


    /:lab bat tiin. ,J:; ~ '4 tiina, syarat
    tiin fig tree . ..l>.-1) y Y'
    ~I t-tiin
    Figs are not
    hini muub waayid.
    abundant here. ,J:; ~~~ stireet tiin. I
    bought figs. JIS- ~I t-tiin gaali. Figs
    are expensive. ..:..I.;,; ~ ~ kaleet
    xams tiinaat. I ate five figs.

    .:r

    "II.:;:,

    tyh

    oLJ taah (~ ytiih) to get lost, lose


    one's way. p-JI .) 1-'""L..;) ._p1 I_,.....J.J::.
    {lacaw 1-gana$ w-taahaw fi !-barr.

    ~ ':J

    taayih (act. part.) p. -iin 1. having


    lost one's way. ~w ':J .<1,!\j lii 'aana
    taayih. fa tis'alni. I have lost my way.
    Don't ask me. 2. confused.
    ~ ..J li .:J tywb

    y _H tyuub

    p. -aat tire tube. L:>..A.i


    ~I U j) ..::...~_,.::)1 nifaxna t-tyuubaat
    We inflated the
    w-nizalna 1-ba/:lr.
    (tire) tubes and went down to the sea.
    ~~..l>.-....,... ~ .1~ cindak tyuub yidiid?
    Do you have a new (tire) tube?
    ~~~~~~ tyyt

    ..::.......; tayyat II to tighten s.th. ...:-..,;


    )~I tayyat s-sikruu. He tightened
    the screw.

    Oabbat 1-kuuli b-sugla. The foreman

    1.!1 Oaa

    appointed the coolie to his work per-

    U Oaa name of the letter..:... 9.


    .J I .!1 Oaar

    )U Oaar revenge, vengeance. oJ~ .1>xao Oaara. He avenged himself.

    J .J J I 6

    t.j~ !) ~I ._hll_fll ~ 'Y _;....,:-..UI ~ J


    ri}J,t d-daxtar /ajil 9-0awaa/ii/ illi fi
    yaddi. I went to the doctor for the

    mionib. They proved in court that he


    t9abbat V to verify, become
    certain of. ...,."jS" ~ .y ~ tOabbatt
    min #Mat kalaama. I established the
    ~

    truth of his words.


    ~~

    warts in my hand.
    ~~6 Obt

    .;;.....; Oibat ( --:!l yi9bit) I. to be firm,


    steady . .J.i.....!. !) .:..-; ~1.) J .:.r.J ~

    yistagil zeen w-oal}J,iin Oibat fi sugla.


    He works well, and now he cannot be
    replaced in his work. 2. (with ~
    cafa) to hold to s.th., be firm in s.th.
    ~~ ~

    ..:-;! 'a9bat IV to prove. ~I ~ lpi


    ~..L. ~~ 'a(}batu fi 1-ma}J,kama 'inna
    was guilty.

    Oaa/wl

    J)U Oaaluul p. ~I} Oawaa/iil wart.

    .Wu

    manently .

    ..::-..; Oibat cafa lli gaala.

    He held to what he had said. ~ ~


    ~"j.S' yi(}bit cafa kalaama. He sticks
    to his word. 3. to become established,
    proven. t )U..;ll .rJ> L.>l ..::..; (}ibat 'inna
    huwa c-ca/laax. It was established that
    he was the liar. ~~ y y 4.il J ..:..-;,

    (}baat (v.n. from..::..; Oibat) proof.

    ~U (}aabit (act. part.) p. -iin permanent, stable. ~ J ~ C-!~ y. huwa


    Oaabit fi wa{Jiifta. He is permanent in
    his position. 2. proven, established.
    L.>l..a.r. Jl ~ L.. \~~ ~ 1.11. haaoa

    saw Oaabit; ma yi}J,taaj 'ila burhaan.


    This is an established thing; it doesn't
    need proof.
    .J 6 .J 6

    (}rfJr

    _;J} 8ar(}ar () .?- y(}ar(}ir)

    to chatter.

    ~ J~ L. \) .}-!. U:.l.)

    daayman

    y8ar8ir; ma yigdar yaskit.

    He is
    always chattering; he cannot shut up.

    ~ (}ibat-li 'inna muub $idiij m~li$.

    o}} 8ar8ara (v.n.)

    It was proved to me that he wasn't a

    JU} 8ar8aar p. -iin chatterbox,

    sincere friend.

    prattler.

    I. to confirm. rj~
    ....; ~ ~IJ rJ-1 ..:.-;:; /aazim t8abbit
    1-~ajiz walla ykansiluuna. You have to
    ~

    (}abbot II

    confirm reservation;
    will cancel it.

    otherwise they

    2. to appoint perma-

    nently. ~ J~l

    ..::..; J..l:::ll t-tindee/

    chatter, iddle talk.

    J.J 0 8rd

    J..J.} (Jariid

    (coli.) bread crumbs with

    meat or meat broth.

    s. -a dish

    consisting of bread crumbs with meat.

    81

    .;t, 6

    f'.J6 8rm
    ~;J 8arram II to chop up, cut up (e.g.,
    onions, meat, etc.). ...:.JL J ~ ~~~
    ...._.fi yL.,...All stireet la/;lam w-si'alt
    1-ga~~aab y8arrma. I bought meat and
    asked the butcher to cut it up. J-a.ll
    8arram 1-ba~a/. He chopped up the
    onions.

    r;

    ~_;..;I

    n8iram VII to be chopped up, cut


    up. ~1 .}.i r_;;I J-a.ll 1-ba~a/ n8iram
    gab/ 1-/a/;lam. The onions were
    chopped up before the meat.

    l.j.J6 8ry

    4i;J 8ari p. -yyiin, l.!)i 'a8riya. rich,


    rich person.#' l) .J::) ...l>.-IJ '-"'l..i y
    .fii naas waajid 8ariyyiin fi 1-xa/iij.
    There are many rich people in the
    Gulf.

    oJ;J 8arwa p. -aat wealth, fortune.


    r----"' J:> 0 _,.._..#. J..L....A.:; oL...,jJ) 8ariwta
    titgaddar b-malyoon dirhim. His
    wealth is estimated to be one million
    dirhams.

    I l.j l.j .J 6 8ryyaa

    4} 8urayya p. -aat chandelier. (with


    the article prefix Ji 'a/-) L.....!_rll
    'afJ-fJurayya
    Pleiades. (prov.) ,J-!.J
    ~_rll .:,r---- l..r--JI ween 8-fJara min
    fJ-fJurayya (used for things or persons
    of
    disproportional
    value
    or
    importance).

    Jt 6

    (}em

    J..At

    p. J~ fJacaa/i (also less


    common~ (Jacfab) fox, jackal.

    ":" J t 6
    ~

    fJaca[

    (}Cfb
    ()acfab p . ...,_)~ ()acaalib fox.

    fJrg

    o~ 8agra
    ":"~ 6

    p. -aat opening, rift.

    fJgb

    8agb p. y .,Z 8guub little hole,


    puncture. ~ ......; . ~ ,~-L:ll t-taayir
    bansar. fii 8agb. The tire went flat.
    There is a little hole in it.
    ~

    J~6 (Jgf
    ~ 8aggaf II to educate, impart
    culture or education . ..,.,u1 .._.i..i!j ...,.,).lll
    1-madaaris (J(Jaggif n-naas. Schools
    educate people.

    t8aggaf V to become educated.


    'ioa ridt
    ti88aggaf diss 1-madrasa. If you want
    to get educated, go to school.
    ..____. J..U.1 ._}:> ...._A......... ..:..:>J '~!

    ~L...AS 8agaafi

    educational, cultural.
    l)I.A!ll L>_r--11 1-mustawa 8-8agaafi the
    educational level. JI.A!ll p )11-mar/caz
    8-8agaafi the cultural center. ~~
    l)L..A.:ll 1-mu/l)ag 8agaafi the cultural
    attache.
    ~ m8aggaf p. -iin
    cultured.

    educated,

    J~6 8gl

    J.-.Gi

    8igal (.,~ yi8gal) to become


    heavy. ~ ~L.J ;:-<l 1 .:;-min 1-kubur
    lsaana 8igal.
    His tongue became
    heavy because of old age. . ~ L.,;-1
    H1imil 8igal. The load bec~e h;avy.
    ~i J..L,ji L... . ~ 4.h.:.....!Ji s-san[a
    8iglat. ma 'agdar 'asiilha. The bag
    became heavy. I cannot lift it.
    ~ fJagga/ II 1. to make s.th. heavy.

    J>J '11 ~ c L1 ~~ ,..L.:o.-,_, . . w.,., F


    fJagga/

    H1imil waayid; 1-biciir [aal)

    82

    cala 1-'ar{J. He made the load too


    heavy; the camel fell down to the
    ground. 2. (with ~ cala) to burden,
    inconvenience s.o. !..!.).;~ ~ J.<:; ":1
    Ia ()()aggil calayy b-(alabaatdk! Do not
    inconvenience me with your demands!
    ~ ~ !..11 ,:;~i l)
    fii
    'amaan-i-llaah! eaggalna caleekum.
    Goodbye! We've bothered you.

    J-t

    ~ ()igal (v.n. from


    ()igal) 1.
    heaviness, heavy weight. ~ C. U.
    ~I~ .:r' ~.;'11 raal; cafa 1-'ar{J
    min ()iga/1-l;imil. He fell down to the
    ground because of the heavy load. 2.
    inconvenience, bothering.
    ~ ()agiil p. -iin I. heavy, weighty.

    J-r J-U L..;T 'aana saayil l;imil


    eagiil. I am carrying a heavy load. 2.
    insufferable, dull bore. i...Lil ~ ()agiil
    d-damm insufferable, disagreeable.
    ~

    w~6

    ekn

    ~ eakana p. -aat military barracks.

    8-fJuluu() 1. Tuesday. 2. on Tuesday.


    ..:... __,...L i .J-1.
    kill yoom ()uluue every

    J-S

    Tuesday.
    ~

    fJalattacas
    (var. _,.-W;
    ()a/attacsar) thirteen. (with foil. n.
    ()a/attacsar). ;;__... .;.M ~ ealal/acsar
    madrasa thirteen schools. ~~ ~cam
    tabi? How many do you want? J4
    ()alattacaf (var. _r:.& ealal/acsar)
    thirteen.
    1,}:--J~ ()a/aa8iin

    thirty. J '1 y .;.r:.-')1.;


    ()alaa()iin duulaar $30.00. -.;..l,.')\!)1 ~
    fi ()()alaafJiinaat during the thirties, in
    the thirties.

    -:..l U ()aalifJ

    1. third. ..:.Jt; i y. yoom


    ()aalifJ a third day. 2. (w. foil. gen.)
    the third. i .J-1. -:JG 8aalie yoom the
    third day . .:_r;'il Y" t_,.,... ';I l? i Y- .:J~
    ()aali8 yoom fi
    li-sbuuc huwa
    l-'afJneen. The third day of the week
    is Monday. ~ -:JG 8ali8 Sa.Y.Y the
    third thing, thirdly.
    ~ mfJallafJ (p.p. from II ..:...t ealla&)

    6J 6 ()/()
    1.!.-.lS ()alia() II to triple s.th., make s.th.
    threefold. !~ a....,A..I ~ ":l..:D~ .r-::.
    diir balak Ia y()a!/i() 1-giima cleek! Be
    on the lookout so that he doesn't triple
    the cost to you!
    A..~ ()a!aaea p. -aat three. (with foil.

    n.) L~ ()alaaeat, ..:...~ ()a/aae. ,..:_,~


    ~L...:..-.; a.....__;~ ()alaae,
    ()a!aa()at
    rayaayiil three men. ~) G~
    ()laafJa w-xamsiin fifty-three. ~~
    fJalaafJattum the three of them.

    L'JWI 8-fJalaafJa, ..:... _,_..l!ll fJ-fJuluufJ


    Tuesday. ..:... }.:JI i _r-lll-yoom 8-fJuluue.
    Today is Tuesday. ...:;.; _,.l.:ll i .J-1. yoom

    1. tripled. 2. (p. -aat) triangle.

    fJalaafJimya three hundred. v~


    f)alaafJimya (var. fJalaa8imyat) ~J~
    dirhim. 300.00 dirhams. 0 _,....,.L. ;_,')\;
    ()!aa8a malyoon three million.

    4.j."j.j

    G:J 6

    ()lj
    ~ ()al!aj II 1. to refrigerate, freeze

    s.th. ~ 'jiJ ~ Lo! rJ!I .:,.;.)-1)


    oalf1iin !-Iaham 'imma ()()allja walla

    ti(baxa. Nowadays you either freeze


    meat or cook it . 2. to get cold, freeze.
    ~ \.... l,.i..lil \;::.~ l) ~ hinifi blaadna
    d-dinya rna f)()allij.
    Here, in our
    country, it doesn't get very cold (or

    83
    freeze). 3. to become frozen.~~~
    1-/al)am 8al/aj. The meat became
    frozen.

    ,. ,. ..:.. emm
    ~ eamm p. rl1 emaam (also less
    common ~ l)alj) mouth. !.!.11 .!.)..p
    ~ikk 8ammak! Shut up!

    L:-W 8al/aaja p. -aat 1. refrigerator.


    :i..4....!JI I) -..IL.$> J a_,..~ ~ jii 8al/aaja
    w-gassaala ji s-sigga. There are a

    "

    \ Uf>U

    ~ eamman II to price, set a value on


    s.th. ~l..i..,.,. ~ ~ b-kam eeammin
    haaoa? For much do you value this?
    -....;....;; rj'i ..:-..,.,)1 ~ 'i .Y gabilla tbW
    !-beet laazim eeammna. Before you

    refrigerator and a washing machine in


    the apartment.
    2. (only p. -aat)
    refrigerated (grocery) stores . .J!?lS'"...UI
    ..:..oL-.~ ~ . _,s'L.. ~W. W.ull

    d-dikaakiin 1-gadiima hall)iin maaku.


    killahum 8al/aajaat. There are no old

    sell the house, you have to have it


    appraised. ~ L.. ..!..U f i Lo Jll 'il/i
    rna ycarfak rna y8ammink. H~ who
    doesn't know you doesn't respect you.

    shops now. They are all refrigerated


    (grocery) stores.
    ~ m8al/aj (p.p. from II ~ 8allaj)
    refrigerated, frozen, iced, icy.~~
    lal)am m8al/aj frozen meat. ~ (,_SL!.
    caay m8allaj iced tea.

    JM t .::, .::, J ..:..

    ~ t8amman V to be appraised,
    assessed. O'i ~ ,..:..Ju J ~.JJ.,ll ..:..ol>.-

    ..___.-4-i 'i H ~ yat 1-ba/adiyy


    w-gaalat, "beetak laazim yi88amman
    gabil-la nhadma. "
    The municipal

    etucs

    ~ 8a/auacas. See under.!.J.:.8/8.

    officials came and said, "Your house


    must be assessed before we demolish
    it." ~ L.. ~ l..i..,.,. haaoa sayy rna
    yi88amman. This is a priceless thing.

    ..) ,. ..:.. emr


    ~I sta8mar X to invest (e.g.,
    money) profitably. I) ..........., p .r==---1
    ;; }.~:JI sta8mar fluusa ji t-tijaara. He
    invested his money in trade.

    .r1 eamara

    benefit, gain.
    ;; ,;--1 0 )~ b-duun eamara without
    benefit.

    p . .:;\li 'a8maan 1. price.

    ~ .)~1 (,_SiJ.

    J rS kam eaman haaoi


    What is the price of this

    car? 2. value.

    ~ eamiin precious, costly . .:.r ...,.......ul


    ~~ .:>.)WI o-oahab min 1-macaadin
    8-8amiina. Gold is one of the precious

    .r=--- mista8mir (act. part.

    from X
    1. an investor. 2.

    having invested . ..L..:>:-IJ ._,...p ~ LiT


    J JHI 4.5"'_r;. ~ 'aana mista8mir jluus
    waayid ji sarikat 1-batrool. I have
    invested a lot of money in the petroleum company.

    ~ eaman
    s-sayyaara?

    p. -aat

    ,...=..-.-.1 sta8mar)

    emn

    metals.
    y

    u,..::,

    emn

    L.....:.i~ eamaanya (var. eamaaniya)


    eight ~\1 (,_SJ....:.s. cindi 8amaanya. I
    have eight. (with foil. n.) eamaanyat.
    .Jl..A.ii ~\1 8amaaniyat 'anfaar 800
    people, 800 individuals.

    84
    ~w 9amaantacas (var. ~ll
    9amaantacsar) eighteen. ~ll J ~I
    'imya w-9amaantacas.
    118. (with
    (}maantacsar. ~ ~ll
    foil. n.)
    9amaantacsar nafar 118 people.

    r---

    9amaaniin eighty.
    .J~ ~Ll
    9amaaniin dirhim eighty dirhams. J
    ..:,L.._:,;L...!ll fi 9-9amaaniinaat in the
    eighties, during the eighties.

    IJ.:.iU

    ,:,J

    p. ,:Mi (}maan one eighth.


    ...___..... ~.J \II ,:,-1 (}umn 1-'arbacin
    xamsa. One eighth of forty is five.

    (}umn

    .;oU 9aamin 1. eighth. if~ ~ _;;. sir(i


    an eighth policeman. ~
    ~ J ;,___;,..l!JI ..;..-.l1 binti {faca/
    9-9aamna fi $affha.
    My daughter
    ranked the eighth in her class. (with
    foll. n.) the eighth. ~ if~ (}aamin
    bnayya the eighth girl.

    (}aamin

    ~tu.:, (}ncs

    _;....dl 9nacas (var. ~~ 9nacsar)


    twelve. ~I r.,?.J...:s c;ndi 9nacas. I
    have twelve. ~IJ ......._,...! 'imya
    w-9nacas 112. (with foil. n.) ~~
    9nacsar.
    .J~ ~I 9nacsar dirhim.
    twelve dirhams.

    r---

    ''i u.=,

    9ny

    ~ (}anna

    II 1. to do twice, repeat.

    J5'

    ,_;, J kal w-9anna. He ate and went for


    seconds. ~f ~ .:;; b! 'ida (}(}anni
    ({ii/:1 mirii9. If you do it again, you
    will fall ill. 2. (with ~ cafa) to

    Jll

    ,_;,

    second, support s.th . .o_:lj


    ~
    (}anna cafa IIi gi/ta. He seconded what

    1-tindee/ xadhum killahum w-ma


    sta9na 'a/:lad. The foreman took all of
    them and did not exclude anyone .
    ..:,L!.YI .:..r-" ...,_;L...,. )11 ~ .) jl.,.i;'
    1-gaanuun yista9ni 1-'ayaanib min
    1-bic(}aat. The Jaw excludes foreignm
    from scholarships.
    ~

    9neen (less common var. :.:,.;;


    'a(}neen) f. ~ 9inteen l. two.:.:.;
    J..~ J (}neen w-ciSriin twenty-two.
    ~ CJ:,-; zzawwaj (}inteen.
    He
    married two. 2. (with suff. pron.) the
    two of, both of. IJG. ~ (}neenhum
    yaw. Both of them came . .:.,- .:..F
    9inteenhin carrasan. Both of them (f.J
    got married.

    .r

    ~~~

    (less common ,.ar.


    Monday . .:.."i-;y ,.,
    yoom 1- 'a9neen
    on Monday. ~ r~'i' 1-yoom 1-'a(}neen. Today i5
    Monday . .:..~' j.S kill 'a9neen ever:
    Monday. .:..-~'i'
    kill l-'a8nun
    Monday, all day long.
    1-'a(}neen

    ~~ 1-/a(}neen)

    _w

    .;:...~ Onet:naat-

    (only v.ith suff.


    pron.) = .:..~ Oneen + suff. pron. ~~
    Oneenaauum both of them . .:..~...;..;
    Oneenaallin both of them (f.).

    JU Oaani p. -yiin {f. yl.: 9aa11)al I


    another. .j~ ..J: wa/ad (}aani another
    boy. y~ ~ bint Oaanya another girl.
    ~~ 1.._,...-:;.i 'a.!.)'a Oanya other things. :.
    (with preced. def. n.) the second . .;.._~
    .jl!ll 1-wa/ad e-eaani the second boy.
    ~l!l ...:...:.,.:, /-bini (}.(}aanya the second
    girl. ~ r

    .}...:, eaani marra

    the second

    time. again.

    you had said.


    ~~ sta9na X to exclude, except.

    ~.":'i\~ eaanya

    ~ i ._r--1

    second.

    wJ

    r----.b:. ._h.J.:.:ll

    ..r-;

    p.
    (}awaani one
    ! ~...l.>- 'J ~ ~ eaanya wahda'

    85
    just a minute! .:;._,....!S- ~ J-- 6.,il lS .i"'
    ~~ yira 1-miyat mitir fi cisriin 8aanya.
    He ran the hundred meters dash in
    twenty seconds. ~ly ._,-..> xams
    8awaani five seconds.
    4,?jU 8aanawi p. -yyiin 1. secondary.
    L...!y~ t._.. .J...l.o madrasa 8aanawiyya
    secondary school. 2. minor, of less
    importance. 1.$ _,;L..,; ~ sayy 8aanawi
    minor thing. ~Y~ ~ ga(Jiyya
    8aanawiyya minor problem.

    "lj U..:,

    8ny

    ~ 8ina (~ yifJni)

    to bend s.th. ':J


    ~ Ia ti8ni haaoa 1-waayar!
    Don't bend this wire!
    !r-1}1 ll,...

    ~ 8ini p . .:.>~ 8inyaan six-year-old


    camel.

    8nyn

    ~ 8neen. See under 1ej u.=.. 8ny.


    ~.J 6 8wb

    Y JU t8aawab VI to yawn.

    yi_,J 8awaab reward from God for


    good deeds. .i1 .:r yl_,...=ll 8-8awaab
    min affaah. Reward for good deeds is
    given by God. ..!lJ .._,.,1_,...; r-"'.J.:~ ~
    ~J.ll_,l J catni dirhim 8awaab-lak
    w-li-waa/deenak (said by a beggar).
    Give me a dirham as a reward from
    God for you and your parents.
    ;U 8aar (.J_r!i. y8uur)

    ma8ni (p.p.) p. -yyiin bent.

    lj U6 8ny

    ulj u6

    yl.; (}yaab (also more common~ J.JJ>


    hduum. See under ,. .a hdm) clothes.
    ~ Ji "-!Y y .r"' (Jirab (}yaaba 'uuti. He
    ironed his clothes.

    .J.J 6 8wr

    ~ 8ani (v.n.) bending.


    Y'

    ydaffi. Fair without and foul within.


    (lit., "The naked lady's clothes don't
    keep [her] warm.")

    y J~

    .Jl-...A.i ~ .J....>.-1Jyi88aawab waayid.

    yamkin nacsaan. He is yawning a Jot.


    He might be sleepy.
    Y _,J 8oob p. ylyl 8waab (also Jess
    common ;;.JJ..LS' kandoora and Ul..l.!;.o:~
    disdaasa) man's dress. (prov.) _,J
    "--!y ~ .:.>LS ~ f.$.J~ /o yidri cmeer
    caan sagg 8ooba. Ignorance is bliss.
    (lit., "If Omeer had known, he would
    have ripped his clothes.") -.,;WI y}
    8oob f-caa.fya good health. (prov.)
    l)...L..! L..... 'i,uWI y} Ooob f-caariyya ma

    J. to revolt,
    rebel. ~ IJ.JG ~.J ..:;.j y .Y' ~\J-1
    1-l:zaakim muub zeen. raciita 8aaraw
    cafee. The ruler is not good. His
    followers revolted against him. 2. to
    erupt, explode. .JG .:.>lSpll 1-burkaan
    8aar. The volcano erupted.

    ;_,1 8oor p. .JI~ 8iiraan bull, steer


    (prov.) r ':J! ..;... y_ \.. . _r:ll .J.fll 8-8oor
    !-/:lamar ma ymuut 'ilia /:lamar. A
    leopard cannot change his spots .
    (prov.) ~ J~ .JY J,Z nguu/ 8oor
    yguul l:zilba. (describes someone who
    is so dense that he cannot see an
    impossible thing, or who argues for an
    impossible thing. lit., "We say, 'Bull,'
    and he says, 'Milk it!'"). (prov.) I)!
    .1.J_,....; ~ t~U. J p-JI J .r. 'ioa birag
    1-barg taafic ceen 8oorak.
    Look
    before you leap! (lit., "If lightning
    strikes, look your bull in the eye"!)

    o;_,1

    Oawra p. -aat revolt, revolution

    86

    ~.r.JI ;~I 8-0awra [-carabiyya

    the

    Arab Revolution . .:lUI ~ o;y J..-ba~al Oawra ca[a 1-fasaad. There was
    a revolt against corruption. 4-Ai o;y
    Oawra 'ahliyya civil strife.

    iJ )_,J Oawri

    p. -yyiin revolutionary,
    reactionary. f.$;~~ carnal Oawri
    revolutionary act.

    ;..U Oaayir (act. part. from Oaar) 1.


    rebellious 2. (p. )y Ouwwaar) rebel,
    revolutionary person. ~ ~I ;l_f}l
    V' J~l ly.;L> 0l::...-.iwi 8-0uwwaar
    1-muslimiin fi 'ajgaanistaan l)arbaw

    r-ruus.
    The Muslim rebels in
    Afghanistan
    fought against the
    Russians.

    t".J .!J Owm


    ~J Ouum (coli.) garlic. s.

    ry J'IJ raas

    Ouum. ~ ~ r_f) I 8-0uum yi{lac hini.


    Garlic grows here. ~.} ~ r} ...:-l..l)a~~alt Ouum fi guu(i. I got garlic in a
    can.

    .J(,i 6 (}yr
    ;..U Oaayir. See under .;.Jo!J Owr.

    s.o. ~u J J _r-11 l) ~Lo ..:.-..:5' Cint


    maasi fi s-suug w-jaabalta. I was
    walking in the marketplace and met
    him. 2. to have an interview with s.o.
    ~..dl .:....W jaabalt t-tindeel. I had an
    interview with the foreman. 3. to face,
    encounter s.o . ...,. ) ...,. J ~u jaabalta
    weeh 1-weeh. I met him face to face.

    I[ jaa
    ~ jaa.

    See under lj lj yy.

    (' J 6 I [ jaa()wm
    ~yl....:1:- jaa()uum. See under ,. .J.!. I 'I
    yaaewm.

    ..JJ

    t I[

    jaaxwr

    JY~

    jaaxuur p. .r.-"'"'.J"'" jiwaaxiir


    (less common var. .JYY yaaxuur)
    stable. .JY~\ l) J-..-;l-1 1-xeel fi
    1-jaaxuur. The horses are in the stable.

    ('I [

    J '-:' r;..
    J '-:' r;..

    u'-:' [

    '-"'.J"'~ jaamuus p . ....,.......,_,.,.. jiwaamiis


    buffalo, water buffalo. .....__., yot>..
    jaamuusa buffalo cow.

    ol[ jaah

    0 '-:'

    0~ jaah dignity, honor. ~ ~\ ot>..


    !J~L....j

    jaah a{{a caleek tsaacidni!


    Please! I plead with you to help me!
    ..J":'[ jbr

    ?- jibar. See under ..J '":' lj ybr.

    jbs
    1. gypsum 2.

    J":'[ jbl

    J.L..:>:-

    J.u

    jbl

    jaabal III (more common var.


    gaabal). 1. to meet, run across

    jbn

    ~ jibin (coli.) cheese. J~.$> .:.r-) ~~


    1-jibin z-zeen gaali. Good cheese is
    expensive. :r.>- J CP.:- ..::...)S" kaleet jib in
    w-xubiz. I ate cheese and bread. ~~
    ~~ cindak jibin? Do you have
    cheese?

    I" I [ jaamws

    ,_,-i': jibs (coli.) jibs


    plaster of Paris.

    J '":' lj ybl.

    4,4\k-1 1-jaabla. See under J '":' J gbl.

    (coli.) glass, sheets of glass.


    s. -a. ~ .y r\.J..I .......o.k na{J(Jif 1-jaam
    minfai)lak! Clean the glass, please!

    (.)M ":' [

    jbl

    ~ jibal. See under


    'I"

    jaam
    ~L..:o:- jaam

    ljM J

    "I'

    r;..

    jbh

    6\.!~ jaabah
    ~~r;..

    III. See under ,.'":'lj ybh.

    jtt

    jatt (coli.; less common gatt)


    clover. s. <..:..->.- J /" cirj jatt. clover
    bunch. t:!~l .JS""\j J l 1-jatt taakla
    1-bihaayim. Grazing animals eat
    clover.
    'i~~r;..

    jtty

    -r.

    jatti p.
    wharf.

    6 6 r;..

    -Jb.- jitaati

    jetty, landing

    j()()

    ~ ji88a

    p. ~ ji8a()

    corpse,

    88

    'J J [

    cadaver.
    u~~[ jf}mn
    .:J~

    ~}add.

    jif}maan

    p.

    -aat corpse,

    remains.

    ..1..1[

    See under JJr.; ydd.

    jdd

    ~~.J~

    (coli.). See c cr.; yf:zl:z.

    t}M C[ Jl:zS
    ~ jahs

    (less commmon var. yaf:zS)


    p. ..;~ jf:zuus, ..}~ jf:zaas young

    . ' _j_,
    . l:..Ju
    don.key, ass. '-'.r----;
    ~ ~ ..
    [..r-"""" bageena nbW 1-jaf:zs ji suug
    f:zaraj. We wanted to sell the young
    donkey at the auction. ~ \... ~
    jaf:zS rna yiftihim. He is an ass; he
    doesn't understand.
    ~(jC[ jf:zym
    ~ jaf:ziim
    (less common var.
    yaf:ziim)
    hell, hellfire. l) .fi.~ yJ>
    ~ huwa caayi ji jaf:ziim.
    He is
    living in hell.

    C.,[

    ..l..:l:- jadd (..L..f- yjidd) 1. to work hard.


    l) ~..G,. jaddeet ji diraasti. 1

    CC[iM
    ~JiM

    .
    jdd

    Jdl:z

    (c ..L..f- yijdaf:z)
    (less
    common var. yidaf:z) !. to drill (with a
    drill). 2. to spark, strike fire. tf ..,;
    ,:r.j C..L.f,y fii nooc min 1-f:ziyar
    yijdah zeen. There is a kind of flint
    that sparks well.

    .r-J-1

    C.~ jadf:z (v.n.) !. drilling.


    sparking.

    p. -aat

    2.

    cigarette

    lighter.
    p. C~Ls; mijaadil:z drill.
    c..L..:I:.! .... - j c~' 1-majdal:z
    nistacimla l:zagg 1-jadf:z. We use a drill
    for drilling.

    r_ .V. majdah
    1 J->"

    .)~ jaddad

    II. See under

    J J

    r.j ydd.

    .)~ tajaddadV. See under JJr.jydd.


    ~

    jidd (v.n.) seriousness, earnestness.


    LA,; ~I ~ .:~L_p,. '}\) ..LJ:.~ b-/-jidd
    w-li-jtihaad
    tf:za~~il
    illi tibgaa.
    Through seriousness and diligence you
    get what you want.
    a~ jadda
    Arabia).

    Jaddah

    (city in Saudi

    -4~ jadiid. See under J J r.j

    ~i 'ajadd. See under

    J J

    ydd.

    r.j ydd.

    J~ jidir p.

    r_ ~ jidaf1

    Gl~ jaddaal:za

    worked hard at my studies. 2. to be


    serious, be in earnest. ._.'":}S" L) ~ \..
    rna yjiddji kalaama. He is not serious
    about what he says.

    J)..G,. jduur pot, cooking


    pot. (prov.) ...,..'.>UI ~ J..LJ,.~ Jll 'i/li
    b-l-jidir y(allca l-millaas. Time will
    tell one's good and bad qualities. (lit.,
    "What's in the pot will be shown by
    the ladle.") (prov.) ol,6:. _;) J J~ jidir
    w-liga ga(aa. A man is known by the
    company he keeps. Birds of a feather
    flock together. (lit., "A cooking pot
    and it has found its lid.")

    ~.I[ idf

    J..l;!:- jaddafii. See under .J Jt,j ydf


    Jt~ mijdaaf See under .J J t,j ydf

    89
    ~WI ri...L..J ._A........iJ wigaf jiddaarn
    /i-bnaaya. He stood in front of the
    building. Gl..li Jll ~I 1-ga(jiyya lli
    jiddaarnna.
    the problem we are
    facing, the problem under discussion.
    ~wl..li ..l:wll 1~ L... ._;......) lees rna tigra
    1-xatt jiddaamna?
    Why don't you
    read the letter in our presence? 2.
    (adv.) in front.
    ..,..k yilasjiddaam.
    He sat in front. ri..U (.)J ruu/:t jiddarn.
    Go in front.

    'J.I[Jdl
    J.)~ jaadal III to argue, argue with
    s.o. o-4U y \... .J.)4:: l...f"'! bass yjaadil.
    rna fii faayda. He only argues. It's
    fruitless. o-4U "'-...J L.... ~ ~.)l...,;,.
    jaadalni b-sayy rna rninna faayda. He
    argued with me about something that
    is of no use.

    J.)~ tjaadal VI to argue with each


    other. ~ .J )~ ~_,.b o..L.....o l.;b~
    tjaadalna
    rnudda {awii/a b-duun
    natiija. We argued for a long time
    without any result.
    J~ }ada/

    r'-li

    J.J J

    argument, dispute. .J )-L!


    without any

    argument.
    Jl~ jidaal

    J...L...>.- jadal.

    See J..c.,.

    ~.J

    .I[ jdwm
    ~J~

    "J .I[ jdl


    J~ jadal (J~yijdil) to braid, plait
    (the hair, a rope, etc.) ~ ~
    ~ .,........_;. .J _,..J~ ~l...,;,. )1 hini bac(j
    r-rayaayiil yijidluun sacarhurn. Here,
    some men braid their hair.
    ~.l:l:- jidiila

    p. J-l..c..- jidaayil (less


    common ~ bisiila) braid, plait.
    L... )f' ~\..C.,.

    jdwl

    JJ~ jadwal p. JJI-L>-- jidaawil 1.


    schedule, chart, table. L..IJ".u1 J)...~...>.
    jadwal d-diraasa
    study schedule;
    schedule of studies. y .r--<JI J )...1...>.jadwa/ 9-(Jarb multiplication table.

    J-L......>.- b-duun }ada/

    }ada/.

    'Yl 4;.&- J ~ L.

    ~\..C.,.

    jidaayla rna tguul canha 'illajidaayil


    caruusa. His braids are nothing but
    those of a bride. ~1-L,I,.I .J-!i 'ubu
    1-jidaayil the one (m.) with the braids.
    ~.I[ jdm

    jadduum p.
    hatchet. 2. adz.

    I.

    .J ,j [}or

    J~ jaoir p. J).k. juouur root of a


    plant. oJ"L,. ,y ....J...::..; CJaca min jaora.
    He uprooted it.

    "'.J[ jr'
    i~ }ira' ~ fiyijra') to dare, venture,

    c!

    F i.J.

    Lo
    have the courage. f. .J )-L!
    rna tijra' tit[ac b-duun birgic. She
    doesn't dare go out without a veil. if"
    ~ jira' cata to have the courage to
    do s.th. o.>-~ Ws- if" }ira' cateena
    b-C/aaxa. He had the gall to lie to us.

    ~.l..;l:- jadam
    p. ~I...L.>.- jdaarn (less
    common var. ~..li gadam, gadam) foot
    (part of a body).

    i;~ tjaara' VI

    ~~~ jiddaam

    bold.

    1. (prep.) in front of.

    r.)\..c.,. jidaadiirn

    if" jira'. See under

    ".J~ jr'.
    s.~

    r. jarii'

    p. ~?' -iin courageous,

    90

    of.,r:- jir'a (v.n. from

    rf"" jira~ courage,

    daring. ~\..1> ~ of):-1 o...l.:S- c;nda


    1-jir'a yit~acca has-sikil. He has the
    nerve to talk in this manner.

    fr.f 'ajra' (elat.) I. more courageous.


    2. the most courageous.
    ":'..J [ jrb
    ~

    jarrab II (less common var.


    yarrab) to try out, test. C \...;Al.l ,L,.:.I
    oJl,....-JI '-$.l......J,...,.., .r->-' J 'ixio 1-miftaa~
    w-jarrib haaoi s-sayyaara. Take the
    key and try this car.

    y _;?.' jarab. See under '-:'Jt,j yrb.


    y f.'! 'ajrab. See under '-:'Jt,j yrb.
    i.J~f.' jarbaan. See under '-:'Jt,j yrb.

    4...J.~ tajriba p. y J~ tajaarib I.


    experiment, test. .:r- ~) ~u l.:.l...=~~1 ~a~~alna nataayij zeena min
    t-tajriba. We got good results from the
    experiment. 2. trial, test. J ....J:;_,!.1..1>
    "---!_r:-:ll hal-muwappaf tal:zt t-tajriba.
    This employee is on probation. oJl,-]1
    ~~\ ..:,_j. s-sayyaara ta~t t-tajriba.
    The car is being tested. 3. experience,
    practice. ~_r:-:l~ ~ ...L.>-IJ
    kill
    waal:zid
    yitcal/am
    b-t-tajriba.
    Everyone learns by experience. ~
    o..L:>:-IJ y J~ JU. . ~ huwa seeba.
    saaf tajaarib waayda. (He is) an old
    man. He has a lot of experiences.

    JS

    y .;4- mjarrib (act. part. from II y

    .f""

    jarrab) p. -iin I. having tested, tried


    out s.o. or s.th. o;l.:--]1 ~~ y fi L;T
    'aana mjarrib
    s-sayyaara. I have
    tried that car. 2. experienced. J-..L;j

    oiic

    y ~

    tindee/ mjarrib

    foreman.

    y ,r:- jirba

    experienced

    = y} girba. See under

    '-:'J~grb.

    1...:-tf.'

    jiriib = "-:-!.} giiriib. See under

    '-:'J~grb.

    t.J ":'..J [

    y
    'b
    ":'..J [ 1'

    jrbwc

    t.J-!f.' jarbuuc.

    See under (;.J":'Jij

    yrbwc.

    ,. .!. ..J [ jr8m


    L y f.' jar8uuma p. ~l.f"" jiraa9iim_
    germ, microbe. t::--' )1 ~ ~If"' ~
    t~a~~il jiraa8iim fi 1-wa~ax. You will
    find germs in dirt.

    ..J[..J[ jrjr

    ,r:-_;?.' jarjar (_r. fi yjarjir) to pull,


    drag. Cl_,s:JI ~ \..1>\.i .f"" .f"" J .:....UJ o),-..ll
    s-sayyaara
    wgufat w-jarjarnaaha
    l:zagg 1-garaaj. The car stalled and we
    pulled it to the garage.

    C..J[ jrl:z
    (..;?.' jira~

    (c..fi yijra}J.)

    to wound, cut.

    ~~ oJ~ JJ Y>.- J ~ ..._,. .f"" jra~afi


    weeha w-waddoo 1-mustas.fi. He
    wounded him in his face and they took

    him

    c..r- }ira~
    He cut his hand. c...J. 'l !~

    to the hospital. ~~

    yadda.
    !o;~

    kafa!

    Ia tijra}J. sucuura!

    Enough! Don't hurt his feelings!


    (.~ jarra}J.

    times.

    II to cut, wound many

    ..r ~~

    /i-m~assin

    jarral;ni. -The barber nicked me.

    c...J.- tjarral; V (pass. of II (..f"" jarraM


    to be cut, wounded many times.

    c..A'
    of

    njirab VII to be wounded (pass.

    c..r }iraQ).

    91

    C.?- jar!) p. CJ?- jruul) wound, cut.

    _j-1 njarr VII. See under ..J..Jt,j yrr.

    ~'?- jiraal)a surgery.

    ?- jarr (v.n.). See under ..J..Jt,j yrr.

    p. -iin surgeon. J_,A;


    ..r-! cl.r.>. 'YIJ cl.r.>. j->-;) ngull
    "daxtar jarraal)" walla "jarraal)"
    bass. We say, "daxtar jarraal)" or
    "jarraal)" only.

    oJI?- jarraara. See under ..J..JI/yrr.

    C. '.J""':" jarraal)

    .J..J [

    jrd
    ~.J""':"

    jirad (;) ~ yujrud) to make an


    inventory. ~~ ;)~ .Jl.S;) ~~.J JS'
    kill raaci dikkaan yujrud bpaacta.
    Every store owner makes an inventory
    of his goods on hand.
    ~~~ njirad VII to be inventoried, be
    taken stock of. ii/ ;)~ rJ'i .JlS';)

    JS'

    6..;___]1 ~

    kill dikkaan laazim yinjirid


    marra fi s-sana. Every store has to be
    inventoried once a year.
    ~~.J""':"

    jaraad =
    J.;'iyrd.

    ;)l.r- yaraad.

    See under

    0-4?- jariida p. -I,! I? jiraayid (less


    common var. yaraayid ) newspaper.
    ii-1,!_),.1 ~} gareet 1-jariida. I read the
    newspaper. ~j .JL,>-i ~ L.. -1,!1_).:.1
    1-jiraayid ma tiktib 'axbaar zeena.
    Newspapers do not write good news.

    J.....J..?- jiriid (coli.) palm branches


    stripped of their leaves.
    ~~

    mujarrad mere, nothing more


    than. ~i 'i J _?i 'i 1"%' ;) _r:, 1-.i.A haaoa
    mujarrad kalaam Ia 'ak()ar wala
    'aga/1. This is mere talk, nothing more
    or less.
    ..J..J ~ jrr

    _r:- jarr (fiyjurr) = (more common


    var. yarr) yarr. See under ..J..J!i yrr.

    I.JM..J [ jrs
    ~?- jiras

    ..
    I.JM..J [

    ..
    Jrs

    p . ._,..,?- jraas bell.

    ~?- jiras (._} fiyujrus) to grind (e.g.,


    corn). I.J~ ...:....:;. ?- .;r? l)urumtijrasat
    oira. My wife ground corn.
    ~r.- jars (v.n.) grinding (of corn,
    wheat, etc.)

    .j..J.?- jiriis (coli.) 1. dish in which the


    main ingredient is coarsely ground
    wheat. s. -a 2. coarsely ground wheat
    or corn.

    U JJ~ jaaruusa p. ~).r"' jiwaariiS


    hand mill, grinder. _,.s'Lo ~).r"' ~~~
    oall)iin jiwaariis maaku. There are no
    hand
    mills (for grinding grain)
    nowadays.
    t..J [ jrc

    t.r.-

    jirac (t,.~ yijrac) = (less


    common var.) '.r.>. jira'. See under
    '-.;r;jr'.

    tJ~ tjaarac VI= (less common var.)


    i}.i. tjaara'. See under '-.;r;jr'.

    Cj?- jariic =(less common var.) ~~?


    jarii'. See under '-.;r:;jr'.

    .r; jwca =(less common var.) iii?

    jur'a. See under '"..Jr;)r'.

    tr.-i

    'ajrac (elat.) = (less common


    var.) i?-i 'ajra'. See under '-.;r;,jr'.

    'U..J~
    . jrf

    J ..;-:':" jiraf (J _,..;f. yujruj) to wash

    92
    away, carry downstream. J

    r-

    (.,>Ll.l

    ..;... _r.LI:-1 1-maay jiraf 1-ja/buut. The


    water carried the jolly-boat downstream. oL..:,b:- ~I ,J\..L.-11 J ~ (.,>111

    ....A.:--Ji

    xaffeenaa

    1-maay jirafs-saamaan illi


    ca[a s-siif. The water

    washed away the things we left on the


    seashore.

    J _j.l njirafVII to be swept away.

    \.i.;[ jrf
    U ?- jirfa (coli.; less common var. o}
    girfa) cinnamon.

    ,...J [ jrm
    ~?-i 'a}ram (i.fi yijrim) IV to ~ommit
    a crime. o.r--.Js. .~(; o.r--" i.J"'"I 'ajram
    marra ()aanya. cadamoo. He committed another crime.
    him.

    jurm

    They executed

    p. il?- jraam

    Jll

    4S .)~ jaara III to go along with, adjust


    to. J~ ~l ~.JL;.,. jaareeta 'i/een
    IJ,awwal. I went along with him until
    he moved.
    ~.)~

    jaari (act. part. from i.S_r}ira)


    1. running, flowing. '-:?};I,. I (.,>111/-maay
    1-jaari the running water. 2. current,
    present. (.,> .J l..J,.i ~I s-sahar 1-jaari
    the current month.
    4S .;4- majra p. (.,> .J ~ majaari 1. flow,
    stream. (.jlll 1.5 _r:: majra 1-maay the
    flow of water. 2. course, passage (of
    events). ,;_d_,.:l-1 1.5 _r:, majra 1-IJ,waadi()

    the course of events.

    .;.j [ jzr
    crime,

    offense.

    ~lr.J 'ijraam (v.n. from i _,.,.i 'ajram)


    act of committing a crime. G..j\5:...
    i'~ 'il mkaafa!J,at 1-'ijraam crime
    prevention.

    U$ jariima p. ~1_,.,. jiraayim crime,


    felony. LC__,.,. J H' 1-boog jariima.
    Stealing is a crime.

    ~.;-4- mijrim (act. part. from i r-i


    'ajram) p. -iin criminal.

    lj..J [ jry

    4>r }ira

    ((.,>.fiyijri) 1. to run, flow.


    04~)I l) 1.5 .r (.,>111) v--i ..;... .,.1-- mu{rat
    'ams w-1-maay }ira ji 1-widyaan. It

    rained yesterday and the water ran in


    the valleys.

    J5'

    What happened to you? i.S _,.,. ._;.


    Everything
    happened fast. ~ .s..:... 1.5 _,.,.
    _,...!- su lli
    jira minna? What has he done?

    t.. ~ kill sa.Y.Y }ira b-saac.

    2. to happen, occur . ..fiJ

    ~..!.LJ 1.5 .r-->-" ~I wee illi jaraa-lak?

    .Jr.- jizar (coil.) carrots.

    s. oJr jzara
    p. -aat . .:_r-j .J.):-1/-jizar zeen. Carrots
    are good. ~J..T"" !.\.J...;&. cindakjizar? Do
    you have carrots? ~.)_.;-..:I,. I ~ cam
    1-jizar? How much are carrots?~
    ~ .J..i"'" kaleet jazrateen.
    I ate two
    carrots.

    o..r-!.?. jaziira (less common var.


    yaziira) p. r-I..T"" jazaayir island,
    peninsula. ~_,JI ;; .r-:!_):.1 1-jaziira
    t-carabi.Y.Ya
    the Arabian Peninsula.
    ._,...b of....T"" jaziirat daas. Das Island (in
    Abu Dhabi) . ..;..4..1.J.......J1 ;; .r!-r jaziirat
    s-sacdi.Y.Yaat Sadiyat Island (in Abu
    Dhabi). 1.5 _,;.....JI i _,1:. ;; f..?" jaziirat tuum
    ~-$igra

    1.5 ~I

    Lesser Tumb Island. .; .r-?

    i _,.....b jaziirat tuum 1-kubra

    Greater Tumb Island (close to Bandar


    Abbas in Iran).

    93

    .t-1.}-11-jazaayir Algeria.

    -?r-'?" jazaayri p. -yyiin

    I. an
    Algerian. 2. from Algeria, characteristic of Algeria.

    j j [ jzz

    jazz (~ yjizz) to shear hair or


    wool of an animal. '---' .J---P J J~
    _r.-S..: ~ '---' ))-\ yjizzuun ~uuf 1-xaruuf
    leen yikbar. They shear the wool of a
    lamb when it gets older.

    jazz (v.n.) act of shearing the hair


    or wool of an animal.

    or:- jazza

    (less common var.jizza) (n.


    of inst.) one act of shearing. (prov.)
    '---' )_?'-) ;; j>.: ~.I- ;; j>.: ~.I- L.
    'illi

    Jll

    ma yir{Ja b-jazza yir{Ja b-jazza


    w-xaruuf Cut your losses and run.
    Half a loaf is better than none.

    'uj[
    . jzf
    J

    jl..,:.:- jaazaf III (with -! b-) to risk,


    !..:1;~ '---' jU ':1 Ia jjaazif

    b-bayaatak! Don't risk your life!


    mjaazafa (v.n.) risk, hazard.

    J j~ mjaazif(act. part. from III '---' }>-jaazaj)

    p. -iin

    1. having risked s.th.

    "--.,j~ j _jL>. o_,.._..;

    tawwa mjaazif
    b-bayaata. He has just risked his life.
    2. reckless. 3. adventurous.
    r

    plentiful,

    Jt.r:- jazzaaf p . ....A:!)? jizaaziif (less


    common j\y. yazzaa.f) fish wholesale
    dealer; wholesale dealer.
    lj~[ jzy

    l.$.r': jiza (t..S_/.;yijzi) to reward, give.


    !.ft-"'" ~I :J1;,. _jjazaak a!!a xeer! May
    God reward or bless you (for it)!
    l.$jl...;.:- jaaza III

    reward, repay.

    I. t..S? jaza to
    2. to punish. ~I

    !JL.. j ~ ~jw; 'a!!a yjaaziik ya


    zamaan! May God punish you, time!
    ~ JL..S"' ....:,':} o\}_,. oy.i 'ubuujaazaa
    linna caan yiskar. His father punished
    him because he used to drink.

    l.$j~ tjaaza VI I. to be rewarded. 2.


    to be punished.

    I~ jaza

    stake.
    ~j~

    var. '---'Jr.----- mayzuuj)


    abundant.

    "''-""' [ jsd
    ~ jasad.

    See under

    .J '-"' l.j

    ysd.

    .; '-""' ~ jsr
    jisir p. J~ jsuur, oJ~
    jsuura bridge, beam (more common
    I.$ ,;-:5" kubri p. I.$},.?" kabaari).
    ~

    J j [ jzf

    J f: jizaf (.._; _/.; yijzif)


    or plentiful.

    1. reward. ~I ~ :JI?
    jazaak cafa !!a. Your reward is in
    heaven. 2. punishment, penalty. ~
    o.r-"'-~1 l) \?fiijazafil-'aaxra. There
    is punishment in the hereafter. ~_,..;:.
    lj-->.- {Jarbat jaza
    penalty kick (in
    soccer).

    to be abundant
    (more frequent var. .._; y.

    yizaf (.._; j-!. yizzif). j J ~W\) JL,a..;li


    ~I l) li-x{Jaar w-1-faakha tizzif ji
    !-gee{}.
    Vegetables and fruit are
    plentiful in the summer.

    J JJJ.- majzuuf (p.p.)

    (more frequent

    o)~

    jasaara 1. strength. 2. boldness, impudence.

    '-""' '-""' ~ j ss
    ~

    }ass (~ yjiss)

    1. to feel,

    94
    examine by touching . .A> ~ _r>-..UI
    ~)1 d-daxtar }ass nabp 1-miriip.
    The doctor felt the patient's pulse. 2.
    to try to find out, try to get
    information. U ~ J-->.- '::J J _,..JI JL....
    J~ \II saar s-suug lajil yjiss lana
    1- 'axbaar. He went to the marketplace
    in order to find out for us what was
    happening.

    (j..J.Jt[ jgr.fy
    l.Jip jugraa.fya

    ~ tjassas V to spy.~ oy!- )>


    ~ tarrasoo yijjassas lahum.
    They

    ~ jigma

    sent' him to spy for them.


    spy.
    jaasuusiyya

    spying, espio-

    nage.
    &,

    :.

    (.)M(.)M [

    .......

    JSS

    J-->.- }iss (coli.) kind of dates (the most


    important of which are ~ J}l J-- }iss
    !-ward.) s. ~ jissa.

    J..>.- }ass

    kind offish.

    (coli.) gypsum, plaster of

    Paris. s. -a.
    I)"~ ja~~aa~

    ' J t [ f. d
    ~

    jicad (~ yi)Cid) to sit down.


    (more common var . ....l...d gicad.) See
    J

    t J gcd.

    o~~ jaacda. See under J t'i ycd.

    ,.

    'd
    Jt[ Jc
    ~ jacad

    ,.e_'iygm.

    (n. of inst.).

    See under

    f"t'i ygm.
    ~

    jifiir p. 01_,...4.:>:- jifraan basket


    made from palm tree branches. w#
    J _,___JI oL,j J~ Y-J ~ ~ _r::ll ybut{uun
    t-tamir fi jifiir w-ywadduuna s-suug.
    They put dates in a basket and take it
    to the marketplace.

    ..J..J[ iff
    ~ jaff. See under ..J ..J

    c bff.

    ~jaffa! II. See under ..J ..J

    J..Jc;

    c l.iff.

    c l:iff.

    jfl

    ~ jifal (~yijfil) 1. to start,jwnp

    p. -a gypsum whole-

    sale dealer.

    under

    ~ jigam (~ yijgam). See under

    J~;o:- jaaff. See under ..J ..J

    ~~[i~~
    ~ ja~~

    f"t[ jgm

    ,J..J [ Jfr

    '-"'.J-"\;1:- jaasuus p. IJ"'!""'Iy. juwaasiis


    ~ J""\;1:-

    geography. -=- JJ
    dirast jugraa.fya. I studied
    geography. L....::-ii;..J:-1 ~ <J"J~ dars fi
    1-jugraa.fya lesson in geography.
    l....::-il)o>.

    (coli.) (kind ofherbs used


    for medicinal purposes, e.g., a stomach
    ache). s . ...w... J f' cirj jacad.

    with fright. '-:-:!.ill J~ .P.) ~~ Jk


    jifat t-bjCjjr teen Caaf 0-0iib. The
    camel got a start when it saw the wolf.
    2. to shy. JG,..Aj'::JI
    .P.) jAlJ:.I Ji>-'
    jifat 1-yaahil teen simac t-'infijaar.
    The child shied when he heard the
    explosion.

    cr

    J.k

    jaffa/ II to startle, frighten . ..:... r'


    ~ ::. )JW\ ~oot 1-baaruud jaffalni.
    The sound of gunpowder startled me.

    95
    I) ...i ~ j.fn

    JJ~

    o-uJ ~

    #. jifin.

    jls

    ~ jilas. See under r.JM J 11 yls.

    See under u~ 11 y.fn.

    ~ jallas II. See under IJM J 11 yls.

    ~J~ jib

    ~ jilab (~ yijlib) 1. to attract,

    L....b.- jalsa p. -aat session (of a

    draw s.th. ($~ ...,.._.k. )clu ha


    1-manpar jilab napari.
    This view
    attracted my attention. 2. to bring,
    cause. JS"U.... ~ l.!L..a.A.ll ($.:U. haaoi
    These
    1-gapaaya tijlib masaakil.
    matters cause problems.

    committee, a court, of ministers, etc.)


    meeting.

    Y~ jallaab p. ~)b.. jlaaliib slave


    trader. <..J'"'UI J~ ~)b.. ~ L. .:r.,;L~
    I_,_;..LC hall;ziin ma t};za.J#l j laaliib li'an
    n-naas tmaddanaw. Nowadays you
    will not find slave traders because
    people have become civilized.
    JJ~ jld

    ~ jilad (.J...l:f:yajlid) to flog or beat

    s.o. with a whip. (less common var.


    ya/ad) o..l.L.,. ~1 OJ.J...k j/ad00 'imyaf
    }aida. They whipped him a hundred
    times.
    ~ jallad II to bind (a book) . ...:.>...LL:..-

    J _;..f .._:;y

    yl..::S01 jallatt li-ktaab linna

    tmazzag.
    I had the book bound
    because it got tom.

    .lk- jild.

    See under oJ J li yld.

    o.l.b,- jalda p. -aat stroke with a whip.


    .)~ jallaad

    p. -iin

    executioner,

    hangman.
    ~ mjallid (act. part. from II ..Lb,.

    jallad) p. -iin book-binder.


    ~ mjallad (p.p. from k

    -iin 1. bound, having

    jallad) p.
    been bound

    (book) 2. (p. -aat) volume (of a book).

    ~ majlis. See under r.JM J 11 yls.

    ~1,:- jaalis. See under r.JMJII yls.


    ~~ jallaas

    p. -iin ship cook.

    tJ [. pc
    ~I njifac VII to be sent or driven
    away. o.r-- c_I.JJ ~~ njilac w-raal;z

    marra. He was sent away for good.


    !~ J .:.r-- ~I njific min weehi! Go
    away! Beat it!

    JJ [.

    jll

    ~jail (j...f. yjill)


    I. to be exalted,
    great. j>-- J ;r ~~ 'a!!aah cazza wajall.
    God is powerful and exalted.

    J-:':-f

    'ajall (j...f. yjill) IV to esteem


    highly, honor. ...:.>IJL.)'I l) <..J'"'L..:JI JS
    ...l.-:!lj ~I J _r--4::
    kill n-naas fi
    1- 'imaaraat yjilluun s-seex zaayid. All
    the people in the Emirates highly
    esteem Shaikh Zayid. ~I ~i
    'ajallak a!!a (an expression used as an
    apology for mentioning a distasteful
    thing) Excuse me for saying this, but. ..
    Pardon the expression, but... 2l.,1 ..:.U.,.,.i

    ~l_r.ll .:.r-- ~\.>. ~J


    'ajallak a!!a
    titfac riiba xaaysa min 1-buwaa!UC.
    Excuse me for saying that a rotten
    smell comes out of the sewers.
    U~ jalaala

    majesty .

    ..:Llli U)k.

    jalaalat 1-ma/ik his majesty the king.


    ~ _,..Jl.l U)k. jalaalat 1-muluuk their

    96
    majesty
    jalaalat
    Sultan.

    ~ tjammad V to be or become
    frozen. <,.>L11 ..L....i. jjammad 1-maay.
    The water became frozen. ..:.o-W
    45';---!JI Jl_,___.i jjammadat 'amwaa/
    s-sarika. The assets of the company
    were frozen.

    the kings. ul.6L..JI U')k


    s-sul{aan his majesty the

    jiliil p. -iin (more common var.


    giliil). See under J J ~ gil.
    ":"f~ jmb

    ...1.4~

    jamb = yamm. See under ,. f'l.j


    ymm and ~u(i}nb.

    JJi ~l.l:- jamaad 'awwal Jumada I (the


    fifth month of the Islamic (Hegira)
    year). _;t:J ..)~ jamaad ()aani Jumada
    II (the sixth month of the Islamic
    (Hegira) year).

    ,j I ":" f ~ jmbaaz
    j~ jimbaaz

    gymnastics.

    'iJ~jimbaazi

    p. -wa gymnast.

    ~~

    jimbeezi p. -_waat gymnasium.


    .;J.r-5' ~) t..f ~I L.....:.>oJ ri/:zna
    1-jimbeezi w-licabna kuura. We went
    to the gymnasium and played soccer.

    .Jf[ jmr

    r jamir. See under f'l.} ymr.


    or }amra. See under f'l.j ymr.
    .J

    .J

    f~f~ jmjm
    ~ jimijma

    .)~

    mijmaar
    p.
    censer, incense holder.

    p. ~U... jamaajim

    skull.

    mjaamiir

    jamrak (!.I~ yjamrik) to pay


    customs duty. j>-..li .!..1! 0 ~ 'Y ~
    0 ..H.)l=JI ~ .!.I~ c!..li ~ j~ .;.WI gabil
    Ia yismal:zuun lak tud.xul 1-ba/ad
    laazim
    tidfac
    jumruk
    ca[a
    t-talavizyoon.
    Before they let you
    enter the country, you have to pay
    duty for the television set.

    .!l

    .U: jimad (~yijmad) I. to freeze,


    harden. L.>.- ~I J ~ t..fUI 1-maay
    jimad ji e-eal!aaja. The water froze
    in the refrigerator. 2. to stand still,
    freeze (usually out offear). 0;1 ..::...~
    J-fA,! ci...!. jimatt leen cifta yifhag. I
    froze when I saw him breathe his last.
    3. to harden, solidify. J ..::...~ 4..i _,J\...4!1
    4>.- ~I $-$aaloona jmidat ji {}-()al/aaja.
    The soup hardened in the refrigerator.

    .!l

    jumruk p . .!l )L..r. jamaarik 1.


    customs, customs duty. 2. (p. !l JIJ:.
    jamaarik) customhouse. !lJW..I ~ J
    ~.J-"' )I ~.) J ril:zt 1-jamaarik w-difact
    r-rusuum. I went to the customs and
    paid the customs duty.

    .U: jammad II to freeze s.th . .) }~1 I_,J.I


    (,)UI ~ 1-hawa 1-baarid yjammid

    jammad 'amwaala w-tirak 1-balad. He


    froze his assets and left the country.

    p--o~

    ~.J~[ jmrk

    .Jf[ jmd

    1-maay. Cold weather freezes water.


    2. to freeze (assets) . .AWl .!l;) .JI_,..i ~

    1. frozen. 2.

    jaamid p. -iin
    solid, hard.

    t~~ jmc
    ~

    jimac (~ yijmac).

    tf''i ymc.

    See under

    97
    I'

    t. .. []me

    e jammac II. See under t f' li ymc.

    ~ tajammac, tjammac V to
    assemble, congregate together. ._,..L.:JI
    ~I r_,. . . . : ~U..I ri..U ~ n-naas
    jjammacat jiddaam 1-yaamic yoom
    1-yimca.
    The people assembled in
    front of the mosque on Friday.

    ~I njimac VII to be collected,


    gathered together.
    ~I

    jtimac VIII to meet, have a

    meeting. .?~ ~ (:-:!I.J 0 )WI ~


    majlis 1-tacaawun raayiiJ yijtamic
    baaCir. The (Gulf) Cooperation
    Council will meet tomorrow. ~~
    r-"l:J jtimacna wiyyaahum. We met
    with them.
    ~

    jamc 1. collecting together.

    ._,__.,....., ~I) oL...5:... 0 J~l jamc


    1-yihhaal fi mukaan waal:zid $acb.
    Gathering the kids in one place is
    difficult.
    2. gathering (of people).
    ._,..L.:JI ~ _;:$' ~ ~ 0LS" caanfiijamc
    Cibiir min n-naas. There was a large
    crowd of people. 3. addition. ~ oy
    ~ e::--J.-1 ....) _r<!. L.. tawwa $gayyir rna
    ycarf l-jamc bacad. He is still a young
    boy; he doesn't know addition yet.

    jamciyyat 1-'umam
    Nations.

    the League of

    .rUI ~ jimUC n-naas

    people.
    body.

    ~I

    all of the
    1-jimUC everyone, every-

    ~i 'ajmaciin (reply to a wish for a

    good thing, e.g., good health, fortune,


    etc.) approx.: May it be the same for
    everyone.
    ;i.s\.3:- jamaaca

    p. -aat 1. group of
    people. ~\...r. l:l) ~ ci...:;, cifta
    yitfJacca wiyya jamaaca. I saw him
    talking with a group of people. 2.
    (with foll. n. or suff. pron.) relations.
    ~LJ.- jamaacti
    my people, my
    relations.

    cr.

    ~ tajmUC (v.n. from II


    jammac)
    assembly (of machinery
    parts). ~ ~ ma$nac tajmUC
    assembly plant.

    t U:-J 'ijmaac unanimity, agreement,


    consensus. t ~ '~ I~IJ waafgaw
    b-1-'ijmaac. They agreed unanimously.

    t ~I jtimaac

    W.jimca. Seeundertf'':?ymc.

    1. meeting.
    ~ 6s-LJI t \-::.:.1 L.;..~..:s- _r:.ll l-yoom
    cindana jtimaac s-saaca xams. Today
    we have a meeting at five o'clock. 2.
    gathering, assembly.

    jamciyya p. -aat association,


    organization, society. ~ JW ~
    jamciyya tacaawuniyya cooperative
    society. L..,.WI ~I 1-jamciyya

    ~~\

    f-caamma

    ministry of social affairs. 2. sociable,

    the General Assembly.

    ~ ~ jamciyya malakiyya royal

    academy.

    ~_;? ~ jamciyya

    charitable organization.

    xayriyya

    r---" :Y1 ~

    p. -aat

    jtimaaci
    1. social. ul:l-1
    y~ ':11 1-~aala li-jtimaaciyya social

    conditions. ~~ ':11 J J_;--:JI o)jJ


    wizaarat s-si'uun li-jtimaaciyya the
    friendly . ...L..>-i ~f.. L.. \./'l-..::.,.1

    muub jtimaaci; rna yrammis


    is not sociable;

    'a~ad.

    He

    he doesn't talk to

    98

    t'~

    -----------------------------------anyone.

    JUI y .;--4> Jjamharaw

    t'\.:1:' jaamic. See under t.t>rJ ymc.


    w\.:1:' jaamca. See under t.f'!l ymc.

    n-naas leen
    simcaw (}arb n-naar.
    The people
    gathered when they heard the sound of
    gunshots.

    t_Y. majmuuc (p.p. fr~m C:!" jimac) I.

    J.J-il:'

    jamhuur p . .?."~ jamaahiir I.


    crowd, group of people. J# ..,; ;;IS'
    }J~..\.1 .;, ~ caanfiijamhuur Cibiir ji
    l-mataar. There was a big crowd in
    the .airport. 2. ~l.J..I l-jamaahiir the

    collected, gathered. .) ,J:.S-~ ._,..UI


    ~I _ra:; n-naas majmuuciin fi ga$r
    s-seex. The people are gathered at the
    Shaikh's palace. 2. sum, total. ~
    1?.
    ;, ) L-.all t.r---J: cam majmuuc
    ..........
    l-ma$aariif? What is the total ofthe
    expenses?
    ~ mijtamac
    munity.

    masses, the people. ~I ~.f .r.-"~ 1


    ~lj l-jamaahiir t'ayyid s-seex zaayzd.
    The public support Shaikh Zayid.

    p. -aat society, com-

    1$ J~ jamhuuri I. republican. '-:"}I


    t? J~l l-l;izb 1-jamhuuri the
    Republican Party. t?J~ i\,12; ni(Jaam
    jamhuuri
    republican system (of
    government)
    2. (p. J:-i.JJY'
    jamhuuriyyiin) Republican, member

    'J,.~ jml
    jJ:' jammal II. See under J,. rJ yml.
    .t.La:- jumla total, sum. L,.;. i a.l.K.- jumlat
    'asya some things. liJ..'-1 b-l-jumla in
    whole groups. ~'-! 1_,....5'; ._,..li naas
    trikaw b-l-jumla. People left in whole
    groups. 2. by wholesale. liJ..'-1 .r\.j
    taajir b-l-jumla wholesale dealer.

    of the Republican Party.

    ~J# jamhuuriyya p. -aat republic.


    ~~~ ~J~I
    l-jamhuuriJ>:a
    l-libnaaniyya the Lebanese Repubhc.
    ~_rJI _ra-- ~J~ jamhuuriyyat ma~ir
    f-carabiyya.
    the Arab Republic of
    Egypt.

    J~.J:- jamaal beauty.

    J:2:' jamiil.

    See under J,. rJ yml.

    J.-=.3:' jamiil p. J-U. jimaayil favor.


    j.-J:-1 .J'li naakir l-jamiil ungrateful.
    jJ:'i 'ajmal.

    rJ,.~

    See under J,. rJ yml.

    jml

    J-3:' jamal.

    See~ biciir under .Jt. "':'

    bcr.

    Ju- jammaal p. ~~ jmaamiil 1.


    camel driver. 2. camel owner.
    ..;~,. ~

    jmhr

    ~ tjamhar (~ yitjamhar) to
    gather together. I~ ..;) ._,..LJI \)~

    I.:'

    u~ jnb
    ~ jannab II

    I. to keep away . .:;-y:,

    jS'L:J.i .y- ~~ ~ ~ jlaanjannab


    yacni bticd can l-~asaakil. If (you say
    that) somebody ''jannab ", that means
    he kept away from problems. 2. to
    keep s.o. out of the way of (e.g.,
    problems, danger, etc.)~ j..Jii.U
    o..L:>.-1) JS'U..... haaoa [-carnal yjanni~k
    masaaki/ waayda. This practice Will
    keep you away from many problems.

    ~ tjannab V to avoid, keep away


    from. _,.h.:J-1 ~ i j~ /aazim tijjannab

    99
    1-xatar. You have to avoid danger.
    ~ janb 1. side. 2.
    under ,. f"l.j ymm.

    = ~

    yamm. See

    Ju~ fnd

    jinuub (prep.) 1. south of.


    ~..lll y y.:>:- jinuub 1-madiina south of
    the city, the southern part of the city.
    2. south. y _,J,-1 .y min 1-jinuub from
    the south.

    ..r..P- jinuubi

    southern, south. ~ri


    South
    America (as opposed to ~ri y y.:>:jinuub 'amriika the southern part of
    America).

    "---::.!_r;l:.l 'amriika 1-jinuubiyya

    ~U:- jaanib

    p . .._,...;I_,..,. juwaanib side,


    direction . .._,...;l..J:.\...1. ..:..r-- min ha 1-jaanib
    from this side or angle . .._,....;~..>.
    .y
    min kill jaanib or .._,....;l_,.,l.,-1
    .y min
    kill 1-jawaanib from everywhere, on
    all sides.

    J5'

    J5'

    ~i 'ajnabi 1. foreign, alien . .)J\:.11


    ~~I li-blaad 1-'ajnabiyya
    the
    foreign countries. ~i ~~ b(Jaaca
    'ajnabiyya foreign merchandise. 2.
    (p . .._,...;L>.i 'ajaanib ) foreigner.
    u~~~ jmbn

    I.J:.2:

    jamb in (cf. English "jumping")


    speed bumps. (no known singular)

    J~u~ JnJ!
    ~ jinjifa

    p. -aat (more common


    JJJ warag or ~ patta) deck of
    playing cards. ~ ~ licabna
    finfifa. We played cards.

    cu~ fnl:z

    r~

    yisaar left wing (in soccer). ~ C. b.


    fanaal:z yimiin right wing (in soccer).

    fanaaf:z p. 0G-...:.>.- finf:zaan, ~i


    'afnil:za
    wing (of a bird, airplane,
    building, etc.). J~ C L.:.,. fanaaf:z

    fannad II to recruit, draft, enlist.


    ~..c.,.IJ '-"'l.i ~p 1 .:....L...:>.- jannadat
    li-l:zkuuma naas waaydiin. The government drafted many people.

    ~ tjannad V to be drafted, recruited .


    IJ~ y~l J---.5"' kill s-sabaab
    ffannadaw. All the young men were
    drafted.
    I$~

    findi

    <;..L...:>.-

    ....A.Ji ~ ~ ~ feesnafii

    p. .) _,...:.>:- fnuud soldier.

    xamsiin 'a/f jindi.


    Our army has
    50,000 soldiers. J~i <;..L...J:-1/-jindi
    1-mafhuu/ the unknown soldier.
    ~~ jindiyya

    (usually with Ji/-) 1.


    the army, the military. 2. military
    service.

    ,ju ~ fnz

    oj~ janaaza p. -aat funeral, funeral


    procession.
    I..)MU ~

    jns

    ~ tjannas V to become a
    naturalized citizen. ~~ , -4
    ~~r~l ffannast b-1-jinsiyya
    1-'amrikaaniyya.
    I got naturalized
    with American citizenship.
    ~fins

    p. '-"'b.lfnaas 1. kind, sort,


    species. ~
    .y i.,?"'l_?" o...~.;.&. cinda
    karaasi min kill fins. He has all kinds
    of chairs. .:.r-- y .J-'" J~ JL..>.- J \L
    ~ haaoa rayyaal battaal muub
    min finsak. This is a bad man; he is
    not your sort of person. 2. race. ~

    J5'

    '-"'\....:.>..~I

    JS .:..r- '-"'l..i ~

    t/:za$$il hini

    100

    naas min kill li-jnaas.


    You find
    people of all races here. c.? .r-:JI ~I
    1-jins 1-basari the human race.
    ~ jinsiyya nationality, citizenship.

    ~~~~ ..!..1-_
    .,. ~ su jinsiitak
    1-'a#iyya?
    What is your original
    nationality?
    j;,

    }ina cata cyaa{a. tirakhum yihhaal. He


    caused harm to his kids. He left them
    when they were very young. ~ 1~1
    ~ ~ 'i{Ja fannasta tijni calee. If
    you fire him, you will wrong him.
    ~~ jnaaya p. -aat crime, felony.
    .j~ jaani (act. part. from<..?'" jina) p.
    -yiin criminal, culprit.

    u~ jnt
    ~ janta
    p . .k.;.,. jinat (more
    common var. ~ santa) suitcase,
    bag. !JI_r...ll ~ .h....:J:.I ..b.- butt 1-jinat
    cala 1-miizaan! Put the suitcases on
    th:! scales! L.k.;,.,. <.) ~ J..I.P> ~
    ..;.Jr ) batteet hduumi ji janta w-sirt. I
    put my clothes in a bag and left.

    t.jJ~u~ Jngly

    ..Jlj u~ jnyr
    (less common var.jneer) p.
    1. engineer. J-;>- ~ ~
    ...,....).! 6.5"~ yistagil jiniir bagg sarikat
    fillips. He works as an engineer for
    the Philips company.
    2. skillful
    mechanic.
    .)'?: jiniir

    -iyya

    ., 4) ~

    ~ jangali

    p. -yya rogue, rascal.


    l..l_, J-:...:..A...::. L. c.?~ cumri ma
    sift jangali mif)il haaoa. I have never
    seen a rascal like this one. J ).:.
    l-jangali duuni. A rascal is a base
    person.

    p.1

    uu~ jnn

    tf." jann. See under uuI! ynn.

    t?- }annan II. See under uuI! ynn.

    ~I njann VII. See under Uui!Ynn.


    tf." }inn (coli.). See under uuI! ynn.
    ~ jinni. See under UUI! ynn.

    uuI! ynn.
    I)Y, jnuun. See under uuI! ynn.
    I) P.. majnuun. See under uuI! ynn.
    tf." Janna. See under

    cj U'[ jny
    ~}ina (~yijni) to wrong or cause
    harm to s.o. J~.p.. ~; ..J~ ~ <.5>-

    jhd
    .Lt.~ /aahad III to fight, wage a holy
    war. A1li J=:- <.) ..~..o>L>.. jaahadfi sabiil
    llaah. He fought for the cause of God.
    ~ J ._h..- <.) 0 J..I.P>~ Jw~ll-'aftaan
    yjaahduun fi sabiil watanhum. The
    Afghans fight in their country's
    behalf.

    ~~ 'ajhad (yijhid) IV to exert, strain.


    ~I <.) "'--.A.i ...L.p.-i 'ajhad nafsa fi
    s-sugul.
    He strained himself with
    work.
    ~I jtihad VIII to work hard, exert

    J ..y.::.:.l jtihadfi
    draasta. He work;d hard at his
    studies . .JA.._;:. ~ -4-=>.-l jtihadfi ug/a.

    one's effort. o.;_.,IJ.:.

    He exerted his best effort at work.

    ~ jahd p . .:. ..rt=>." jhuud effort,


    endeavor. .JA.._;:. ~ o~ j5' J~ bioal

    kill jahda

    fi

    sugla.

    He exerted every

    possible effort at work.

    101
    .)~ jihaad

    jihad, holy war.

    jtihaad (v.n. from VIII ~I


    jtihad)
    pains, trouble, exertion,
    endeavor.
    .)lop.\

    .1AL4 mjaahid

    p.

    -iin

    religious

    warrior.
    ~ mijtahid

    p. -iin hardworking,
    diligent, industrious. ~ ~\.k taalib
    mijtahid hard working student. ~
    ~ huwa mijtahid. He is diligent.
    ,j.,~ jhz
    ~

    jahhaz II (with._,... b-) to supply,


    furnish, equip with. -4-l:l:-1 4,1 l..i ;p.J )~ jahhazna /-beet 1-yidiid b-z-za/1.
    We furnished the new house with
    carpets. rJ...u!.~ a............ J..rJI .i---f>." V"..,...J.I
    1..:---"'.iJIJ 1-micris jahhaz [-caruusa b-lihduum w-o-oahab. The bridegroom
    provided the bride with clothes and
    gold.

    ~ tjahhaz V (with._,... b-) to be provided with s.th. ~~ IJ~ J~l


    L.o~IJ fi-cyaal jjahhazaw b-1-kutub
    w-1-g/aama. The kids were provided
    with books and pencils.
    jhaaz 1. apparatus, set. j4>-0J-:!_ril.:ll jhaaz t-talavizyoon the TV
    set. ~ 'Y j~ jhaaz laasilki
    wireless set. 2. things bought for a
    bride.
    j~

    jAI~

    jaahiz
    j.J~ brz.

    = j.J4

    baariz. See under

    Jo[ jhl
    JA~ tjaahal 1. to ignore s.o. or s.th.
    ~~\j ~) IJ..L...Ai) \)L.>.. jaw
    w-gacdaw walaakin jjaahalnaahum.

    They came and sat down, but we


    ignored them. 2. to feign ignorance,
    pretend to know nothing. J-~ 'Y
    ~.tU ~i -t_,.._P_,il Ia tijjaahal
    1-maw{Juuc. 'inta rcarfa. Don't feign
    ignorance of the subject. You know it.

    J-.-- jahil (v.n.)

    1. ignorance.~ ,:r
    }i ~ min jahla {JOY.Yac fluusa.
    Because of his ignorance he lost his
    money. 2. illiteracy.
    4..-.ol

    J*-

    majhuul (p.p.) unknown. ~..lJ:-1


    J ~I /-jindi 1-majhuu/ the unknown
    soldier.
    ~6~ jhm
    r~ jhaam

    (coli.) dark clouds. s. -a.

    ~cjo~ jhnm
    ~ jhannam

    hell, hellfire.

    ~,J~ jwb
    ~J~

    jaawab III 1. to answer, reply to


    s.o. ~JL>. J .h...:,... .U ~ .;1 tarrast-la
    xa!! w-jaawabni. I sent him a letter
    and he answered me. 2. (with .)scala)
    to answer (e.g., a letter, a
    request, etc.) JI_;...JI Js- ._,. . Jl>. jaawab
    cafa s-su'aal.
    He answered the
    question.
    ~~I

    stajaab X 1. to comply with a


    request.
    yb.;:....l y. J ty.<> )4 ~ .J
    rammasta
    b-1-maw{Juuc
    w-huwa
    stajaab-li. I talked to him about the
    subject, and he complied with my
    request. ~\s...U y\.:.:..;;....1 21 'a!!a stajaab
    Ia ducaaya.
    God answered my
    prayers.

    Y ~~ stajwab X to interrogate,
    question s.o. oy._,-:.......IJ oy j ;U, _r!JI

    102

    ~)~~~--------------------------------------------RL-.. s-sirta zaxxoo w-stajwaboo


    saacteen. The police arrested him and

    interrogated him for two hours.

    "'="'-'"" jawaab

    p. -aat answer, reply.


    ._,.,,_,.,... ...,.; Lo mafiijawaab. There is no
    answer.
    ~J~ jwt
    ..;J.)?." juut

    (coil.) jute.

    (J~J~ jwty

    ~.)?." juuti p. Jly. juwaati pair of


    shoes. J~l J->- ~ly. ~ ~_i-...!.1

    stireet xams juwaati /:lagg /i-Cyaa!. I

    bought five pairs of shoes for the


    children.

    lf~':JI yjiid 1-'ingiliizi.

    He knows

    English well.
    .)y. jawwad II 1. to get hold of s.o. or
    s.th., grab s.o. or s.th. o-41J J'_,1; J ~
    jawwad jluus waayda. He got a lot of
    money. He saved a lot of money.
    (prov.) ~ .:r"'" i ~ ~ .!J....;Y, J r"
    jawwid maynuunak Ia yiik 'ayann
    minna. A bird in the hand is worth two
    in the bush. (lit., "Hold on to your
    crazy person lest a crazier one come
    along.") 2. to arrest. oJJ~ ~_,...;.!1
    0 J"!r.... .IJ
    s-sirta
    jawwadoo
    w-stajwaboo. The police arrested him
    and interrogated him.

    II

    ...I'

    .)_r. juud generosity, liberality.

    CJ~ jwx
    t~ juux

    broadcloth. U"U ~u

    !I.J .J ,J ~

    gaamaw yilbisuun juux.

    Nowadays

    people have started to


    cloth.
    .J,J~ jwd
    .)~ jaad (J fi yjuud) I. to grant, give
    lavishly. )~_:,. .11 'alia jaad. God has
    given (us things) bountifully. 2. (with
    b-) to give s.th. to s.o. lavishly . .11

    )J.~ ~ )l...;.,.

    b-1-mu(ar.

    'alia jaad ca[eena

    God has sent us a lot of

    ~J) .J ~- ~ )l...;.,. jaad

    He
    generously granted them one million
    dirhams. 3. to master s.th., be proficient in s.th. 6..J:1jl L J..UI ~ ~
    "--!L:S::liJ ~1_;!1 ~ ~~~ J sajjal ji
    ca[eehum

    b-malyoon

    dirhim.

    1-madrasa 1-layliyya w-oa!Qiin yjiid


    li-graaya w-li-ktaaba. He emolled in

    an evening school, and now he has


    mastered reading and writing. ~

    jwdry

    ~ J.) ~ joodri p. JJiy. juwaadir rug


    made from flax fibers.

    t~ .J~ lyl....i hal/:liin n-naas

    rain.

    .;,J~

    jwr

    to wrong,
    oppress (~ ca[a on s.o.). L:.# Jb,
    .Jw)I jaar cateena z-zamaan. Time
    has wronged us. Time has been unfair
    to us. ~ L.. l~t d.!~ ~ Jj. ..:.)

    J~

    jaar

    (J~

    yjuur)

    J y.).l:ll J _;, ~ 'inta jjuur ca[a cyaa!ak

    'ioa
    ma
    t-talavizyoon.

    txa!!iihum

    ysuufuun

    You will be unfair to


    your children if you do not let them
    watch television.
    JJ~ jaawar

    llll. to live next door to


    s.o., be the neighbor of s.o. ~t; J)\:.,
    ~ ~ jaawarnaahum

    xams sniin.

    We lived next door to them for five


    years. 2. to be close to. y. JJ\j ...s.~
    ~ dbayy jjaawir bu (Jabi. Dubai is
    close to Abu Dhabi.

    103

    J.F-' joor injustice, oppression.


    J~

    jaar

    p . .:Jift"'" jiiraan. See under

    J.JijYWr.
    J.J~ jwz
    j~ jaaz {jfi yjuuz) I. to be allowed
    or permitted. L.. .:JL.,a....J ~ I) ..J\..IU)'I
    j~ 1-'i.ft.aar fi sahar rumpaan ma
    yjuuz. Not to fast during the month of
    Ramadan is not allowed. .:.> J~ o~l
    j~ L.. ~ J ~-~alaa bduun wapu ma
    jjuuz. Prayer without ablution is not
    permitted. (with Jl 1- + s.o. = s.o. is
    permitted, allowed to do s.th.) .;.... jl>.o')L....JI ....J jaazat-la ~-~alaa. He is
    permitted to pray. I)~ d) j_~ Lo
    .:JL...;a... ..J ~ ma yjuuz-lak ti.ft.ir fi sahar
    rumpaan. You are not allowed not to
    fast during the month of Ramadan. 2.
    (with ,y min) to stop, quit. j~ Lo ._;-)
    ~0!:--->...l:ll .:.r---- lees ma jjuuz min
    1-tadxiin?
    Why don't you stop
    smoking?

    jJl..>. jaawaz III to go beyond, exceed,


    surpass. y.)fy\ J__,.........,i jJL.>.- jaawaz
    'U$UUI 1-'adab. He went beyond the
    fundamentals of good manners.
    t""..J:. .:.>_r-L .;.... jJL>.- ~}-~I l-ma$aariif
    }aawazat malyoon dirhim. The expenses exceeded a million dirhams.

    JJW

    tjaawaz VI to go beyond,
    overstep, exceed . .wli~ :. J..LJ..\ jJ~
    jjaawaz 1-l:zuduud b-la$arrufaata. He
    stepped out of bounds in his dealings.

    oj~J

    'ijaaza p. -aat leave, vacation.


    1-'ijaaza ~-~ayfiyya the
    summer vacation.
    ~I ojl..>.-)'1

    y.~ jaayiz (act. part. from jl>.- jaaz)


    possible, permissible. y.L>.- y .Y' muub
    jaayiz not possible.

    oy.~

    jaayza p. y.l_,.,. jawaayiz prize,

    award.
    jy. jooz (coli.) walnuts. s. -a ...I..:.A
    jooz hind coconuts.

    j-"""

    t.J~ }we

    t_ ~ jaac (t.fi yjuuc)

    to be or become
    hungry. JS' y .o.il } J t. ~ t.fi yjuuc
    b-saac walaw inna tawwa leal. He gets
    hungry fast, although he has just eaten .

    t_y. jawwac II to starve s.o., make s.o.


    go hungry. lAY:, t.~ Lo r~'l-'umm ma
    jjawic cyaafha. A mother won't let
    her children go hungry. (prov.) t.-"""
    ~ ~ jawwic calbak yitback.
    (lit., "If you starve your dog, he will
    follow you.") approx. If you humiliate
    a lowly, base person, he will be on
    your side.

    t.J": juuc.

    See under t..J ~ ywc.

    IJ ~.)": juucaan. See under t..J ~ ywc.


    :t.s.~ majaaca

    p. -aat famine, starv-

    ation.

    JJ[ jwl
    J~ tjawwal V to wander around,

    Jl.r'!" jawaaz p. -aat passport.~


    ..!..ll..,;:U 0"' jl_,.,l:-1) 0)"'.l:.ll catni t-taokara
    w-1-jawaaz min fa(Jiak. Give me the

    move around. ~.lll t.)r ~ l.:.l ~ .r.


    bass jjawwalnafi sawaaric 1-madiina.
    We only wandered around in the
    streets of the city.

    ticket and the passport please.

    JIJ": jawwaal. See under JJfeF ywl.

    104
    J~ majaal. p. -aat 1. (with J /-)
    ~: y....oJ L.........lJ
    J~. ._;
    room, space. I'-1!""""
    ..
    .. l..
    ..:s--"' ma fii majaal Ia s-sayyaara
    twaggiffa hini. There is no room for
    the car to be parked here. 2. field,
    domain, sphere. J~ () ~.}> op>- o~
    ~I cinda xibra tawiila fi majaal
    t-tacfiim. He has long experience in
    the field of teaching. 3. opportunity,

    JJ[ jww
    y L)
    _r--.A-:1-1 () _,..J,-1 rJ-' ._,..; \.:..........t 'aana muub
    mistaanis min 1-jaww fi 1-~a.fiiz. I am
    not happy with the atmosphere in the
    office. 2. weather, climate .
    Y }.-1
    ~I J ~ J) ;l....> 1-jaww hini ~aarr
    w-ratib ji l-gee9. The weather here is
    hot and humid in the summer. l.:..:.Ji ~
    ~ )~ y Y') )\..,... y Y' }-:-lfi s-sita 1-jaww
    muub ~aarr w-muub baarid. In the
    winter the weather is neither hot nor
    cold. }-:-~ b-1-jaww by air.
    ~

    J~ mitjawwil (act. part. ofV J_,J


    tjawwal) p. -iin
    1. wandering,

    t.

    ~ bayyaac mijjawil
    moving. J~
    traveling salesman, peddler. 2. having
    wandered, moved around. () J y..::... \.j T

    t)_,_.:Ji

    d..!~ 'aana mijjawwil fi oiic

    atmospheric, aerial.
    lf _,..J,-1 ..1.,!_;:--J~ ....:.....;, )> tarrasta b-1-barii~
    1-jawwi. I sent it airmail. lf y:- J_,.h...-1
    'ustuul jawwi air fleet. lf _,.,l,.l .b...a]i
    9-9agt 1-jawwi atmospheric pressure.

    'i '[.

    jy
    \.:1:- ja ( ~ yaji). See under c.j c.j yy.

    '~ I.S '[. jyb


    .
    y~

    .b

    jeeb p. y .r->' jyuub pocket. (~


    maxba is more common.) See under

    J'i [

    .}:?:' jiir asphalt (coli.).

    UJ'i [

    jyrn

    ~ .}:?:' jiiran. See under .J.J c.j ywr.

    stance of his talk.

    o.;--Ay. joohara p.

    t xby.

    jyr

    t.~}.1 ~ y:- jawhar


    nature.
    l-mawpuuc the essence of the subject.
    ._.').S' ~ y:- jawhar kalaama the sub-

    See under

    ~'i[ JY

    c.j ~

    essence, essential

    jaab (~ yjiib).

    ~ c.j c.j yyb.

    jwhr

    .r--Ay. jawhar

    '-? _r-::":' jawwi

    s-sawaaric. I have wandered around


    in those streets.
    J~J [

    1. atmosphere.

    .:,r

    free scope, free action. C"IJ J~ o~


    _; HJ ~ _f<. cinda majaal waasic
    yitwa99af w-yitragga. He has great
    opportunity to be employed and promoted. ~ ~ yo ,J~ o~ ;l.o I~!
    'ioa ~aar cinda majaal, huwa yitta~il
    fiik.
    If he gets a chance, he will
    contact you.

    J~ tajawwul (v.n. from V J_,...i.


    tjawwal) wandering, moving around.
    J y.--:11 (:" mane t-tajawwul curfew.

    jaww

    ~ly. jawaahir

    ~'i

    jys

    jewel, gem.

    ..r'~ jaas (~ yjiis) to feel, touch

    ..:JIJ'"""~ mjawharaat jewelry, jewels,

    s.o. or s.th. ~ U"'~ .J->-..lll d-daxtar


    jaas gafbi. The doctor felt my heart.

    gems.

    105
    ~

    ..

    I.JM(j ~ JYS

    ~'i ~ jyk
    ~ jeek p. -aat car jack. !.I~ \... 1.:.1
    .r.L..::ll J-L; J...\.......Aj \... ~ 'ida ma cindak
    jeek ma tigdar tbaddil t-taayir. If you
    do not have a jack, you cannot change
    the tire.

    jed p . ..}.r-"" jyuus army, armed


    forces. ~.rJI ._}..r-J:-1 li-jyuus f-crabiyya
    the Arab armies. .._,a--j ~_;; .Y ~
    lj..J.......:.>.. .:.> _,_..L. jeesna fii tagriib nU$$
    malyoon jindi.
    Our army has
    approximately half a million soldiers.
    ,J'i~ jyf
    ~ jiifa p. ~1 'ijyaf l. carrion. 2.

    Jij ~

    ~ jiil p. JL.>--Ijyaal generation.


    \

    bad odor, stinking smell.

    .; I ~ 'i ~ jygaar
    oJ~ jiigaara (common var. .;JL..A,.

    jigaara) p . .r.L..A,. jigaayir cigarette.


    ~ .T-L..A,. tJ..J...J ..::,...;i 'inta dduux jigaayir?
    Do you smoke cigarettes? ~ .; ) . v ..
    jigaarat laff hand-rolled cigarettes.

    jyl

    f''i ~

    jym

    ~ jiim

    'I'

    f''i ~

    name of the letter cJ

    jym

    ~ jiima (more common var. 6..-,.i


    giima). See under f'l.j~ gym.

    'i 'i ~ jyy


    -F-' jayya.

    See under 'i 'i yy.

    ..J .J I

    a eaadr

    ycawwirni. My stomach hurts.

    )~U

    eaadir
    bedspread.

    p.

    J.)l,_;. euwaadir

    '..J~ti cbr
    0~ eabra p. -aat kiosk, vender's
    stand. op-..J:-1 ~.) JJ ..!.Lr l..i...~...p $idnI
    sima{: w-waddeenaa c-cabra.
    We
    caught fish and took it to the market.

    a.J ~I a eaakwe
    :;!..!. eaakuue p . ._;...$1_r. euwaakiie
    hatchet, hammer.

    1.j I

    'I'

    a eaay

    ..JI.:"

    ~U.

    eaay (less common var. saay) 1.


    tea. ~.) Jl..; "liJ (,>U y ~ tisrab eaay
    walla baarid?
    Would you like to
    drink tea or a soft drink? (,>L!.ll JS
    kitli e-eaay the tea kettle. 2. cup of
    tea. LJ;!U ~_,....;, sribt eaayeen. I had
    ~ ca(na
    two cups of tea . ...::...~\...::. ?
    xams eaayaat. Give us five teas.

    'l.:"l.:"a

    ebb

    ~ eabb (~ yCibb) to pour out,


    spill. ....., J..a Js- (,>WI ~ eabb e-eaay
    cata hduuma. He spilled the tea on his
    clothes.

    ~I neabb VII to be poured out, be


    spilled. (,>WI~~ neabb e-eaay. The
    tea was spilled.

    "l.:"l.:"a ebb
    ~ eabb!
    rebuke or
    Silence!
    .J ~.:"a

    (only imper.; expresses


    reprimand)
    Shut up!

    ~ Cibiir. See under .J":'.:I khr.


    ~(j..JI.:"ti ebryt
    ~_r.S cabriit (coil.)

    1. matches. s.

    ~pS ..,.._.L. $ifb cabriit match stick.

    ~.r:--5'

    ._,.b _}j

    guu(i cabriit box of


    2. sulfur. ~pS21 .:, ~
    ~I .) ...1o.) ,j .......l;i, l.:.. '} }'iSta<im/uun
    e-cabriit lajil yugutluun duud 5-siyar
    They use sulfur to kill tree maggots.
    matches.

    4. Cibriita

    .....

    p. ~J~ Cibaariit box

    of matches.

    ~~.:"a cbs
    ~ cabs (less common var. /cabS) p.
    ,fl..? kbaas ram. ~~ ~~ ~~
    c-cabs dakar li-nca;a. The ram is the
    male of the ewe. ~ .j J-$' L..:>:)
    ~I oiba}Jna cabS fi c;;d 9-Pi}Jiyya.
    We slaughtered a ram for the Sacrifice

    Feast.
    J~a e(f

    ebd

    ...A- cauaf II

    ~ eabd p . .) ~ kbuud, .)~\ kbaad


    I. liver. (,>.l...A... ..;JS" ~~ e-eabd kif/iS
    mgaooi. Liver is very nutritious. 2.

    stomach.

    a cbr

    ~ )y<i. (,>~

    eabdi

    (less common var.


    kattaj) to tie up, tie up the hands (and
    feet of s.o.) ~~ J.) JJ a, _r.J1 _p
    eattafoo s-sir[a w-waddoo s-sijin. The
    police tied him up (and handcuffed
    him) and took him to jail.

    107

    ~ tcattafV 1. to be bound up, tied


    up. 2. to fold one's arms. ~ ~
    ~ l,.>"l..l.i .....Uy J lees ticcattaf w-toogaf
    Why do you fold your
    jiddaami?
    anns and stand in front of me?
    ~ calf (less common var. katj) p.
    JL..:S'I ktaaf, J ~ ktuuf shoulder.
    ~ .JY) ...._.\..l.i ~~ ~;:, dicam illi
    jiddaama w-cawwar catfa. He hit (in
    a car accident) the one in front of him
    and hurt his shoulder.
    lj~! cty
    ~

    calli p.

    Jb Citaati

    a cob
    ~j$ cioab (y~yacoib) to lie, tell
    lies. y.iS" wl.l' 3.&-l..JI ~ ..!.ll Ju ~ leen

    gal-lak ya s-saaca Oamaan cioab.


    When he told you he came at eight, he
    lied. y~ . w...l..,.aj 'i Ia $$addga.
    yicoib. Don't believe him. He tells
    lies. (with Js- cafa on) to tell lies to
    s.o. ~ y.iS" Cioab cafayya. He lied
    to me. l...:#- y..i..5:J 'i J...l..,.z.ll J.} guul
    $-$idj Ia tacoib cafeena. Tell the
    truth. Don't lie to us. I~ y.iS" ..:.'i

    -.# linna CiiJab l;kamaw cafee

    ~4

    written note,

    signed voucher, chit. Lo ~ !l~ Lo l~l


    ..}J....:; .)...L.._Aj 'i0a rna Cindak Cafti rna
    tigdar ddisS. If you don't have a chit,
    you cannot enter.

    b-s-sijin.

    Because he
    sentenced him to jail.

    lied,

    they

    min 1-l;afiiz linna caan bawwaag.

    ~j$ caooab II = I. Cioab. 2. to call


    s.o. a liar, accuse s.o. of lying. oy..iS"
    .,_;~ L... o'.>L,.all Ju ~ caoiJaboo leen
    gaal $-$alaa rna tfuuta. They called
    him a liar when he said that he hadn't
    missed any prayer. 3. to deny, refute.
    _,)-1 ~.iS" 4... _.P.1 li-/;kuuma caooabat
    1-xabar. The government denied the
    news.

    They chased him away from the office


    because he was a thief.

    lying,

    ~C! cl;t
    ~

    cil;at

    (~yicl;at) to dismiss

    s.o. (from a meeting, a house, an


    office, etc.), chase away, shove away.
    JI.J-! wl.S' -.....;'j _r....A;ll if o./~ Cil;atoo

    ~ cal;t (v.n.) dismissing, act of


    chasing away, shoving away s.o.

    ~a

    ~:a

    cd

    JS' Cid (with foil.

    perf. v.) I. certainly,


    .J...5' Cid callamtak
    Certainly I have told you. 2. already
    J-) J.5 cid Wi$al. He has already
    really.

    arrived. 3. (question particle) did, has.


    ~~ Ju J.5 Cid gal-lak? Did he tell
    you? Has he told you? ~ ...:.4..!. cid

    sifta? Have you (ever) seen him?

    ~.i..5J tcaooab V to be accused of


    be

    proved as having lied.

    y~ Lo ~W1/-gaa9i rna yiccaooab.


    A judge cannot be accused oflying.
    ._,...L..:.ll
    ri..U y~ ccaooab jiddaam
    kill n-naas. He was proved to be a liar
    in front of all the people.

    J-..5'

    ~j_$' caob (v.n.) lying, telling lies.


    r'? y~l c-caob l;araam. Lying is
    forbidden.

    ~.iS" ciOba p. -aat lie, untruth.


    ~l.lS" caooaab p. -iin liar.

    ~..i.S'i 'acoab (elat.) 1. (with if min)

    108
    more untruthful. o)'-"'- i :..r" y..i.S'i ~
    huwa 'acoab min 'uxuu. His is more
    untruthful than his brother. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most untruthful. y.l.S"i
    ..G-IJ huwa 'acoab waal;id. He is the
    biggest liar.

    'i ~~

    coy

    ..sl..5 Cioi (adv.) like this, in this


    ~anner. J..L.:)IJ ~~ 0 _,.....,.u f- :0~1
    c.?i.._S )-~) ~ 0 ~)f-) f-cayyaala
    yurug$uun
    b-s-seef
    w-1-bindig
    w-yruu/:luun yimiin w-yisaar Cioi.
    Male dancers dance with swords and
    rifles, swaying right and left in this
    manner. ~i c.f..i.S' cioi 'a/:lsan. It's
    better this way. c.f..i.S' c.?~ L. ma
    yistawi Cioi It's not possible in this
    manner. c.f.l.S"J c.f.l.S" Cioi w-Cioi so and
    so, such and such. c.f.l.S"J c.f.l.S" J!j gaal
    Cioi w-Cioi. He said such and such.

    J~J~ crcf
    ...A,....;;,_r. carcaf p . .._A...:;. I_,..;. caraacif. 1.
    table cloth. 2. bedsheet.

    t,)~ crx
    t~

    carrax II to whet, sharpen


    (knives, razors, etc.) on a whetstone.

    t l.r. carraax p. -a, -iin one whose


    job is to whet, sharpen edge tools on a
    whetstone.
    t.;~

    o,_5' Ciswa

    p. -aat clothing, attire


    (usually given to a bride with the
    dower). ;; _,_.s:J1 } y.. i j'i J' _,..111-micris
    laazim ywaffir c-Ciswa. The bridegroom has to provide the clothing.

    ~~~

    csm

    ~ casma

    (less common var.


    kasma)
    p. -aat
    goggles, pair of
    ~1
    eyeglasses. ~~ l) "-!JJ.?
    c-casma hini {JaruuriY.Ya fi 1-gee(J.
    Goggles are necessary here in the
    summer.

    c:r

    ~t~ (;cb

    ~ cacb

    p . . . .,. , y5' kcuub I. heel of


    the foot. 2. bottom, lower part. y
    . . .,. , _,..s:Ji cacb 1-kuub the bottom of the
    cup. 3. heel (of a shoe).~ ):-1 y
    cacb 1-.fuuti heel of the shoe.

    JJ~ cff
    ~ kfuuf (less common
    var. kajj) palm of the hand. 1.$ J\j
    ~\ gaari c-caff
    palmist,
    chiromancer. ~I "-!1) graayat c-caff
    palmistry, chiromancy. ~ Y ~
    {Jirab caff to slap (s.o.) on the face.

    ..: caff p.

    uJ~ cfn

    ,:r-

    erg

    ...;1.r: carraagi (coil.) fire crackers.

    clothed his children in new clothes


    during the feast.

    caffan II (less common var.


    kaffan) to wrap s.o. in a shroud.
    .;p----All 0 )~ ) ) caffanoo w-waddoo
    l-magbara. They wrapped him (i.e.
    the dead person) and sent him to the
    cemetery.

    o.r'

    s.

    -JYG.
    'i~~ csy

    ~ Cis a (~ yicsi) to clothe,


    attire. .L:JI l) o~...l:>.- ~ J..U u~ ~
    Cis a cyaa!a hduum yidiida fi 1-ciid. He

    ~ cafan p. 0L....i5'1 kfaan shroud,


    winding sheet.

    109

    ~..;a lfy

    (lit., "If you think you are going to


    encounter a dog, get your stick
    ready.")

    ,_j5' cifa (~ ya/ifi) See under r.; ..J d


    kfy.

    ~ calha

    p. -aat 1. female dog,


    bitch. 2. Kalba (dependency ofSharja,
    situated on the Gulf of Oman).

    ~ caffiyya p. -aat (more common


    var. oj-S:- gitra) Arab headdress.
    ~:t 'i J ~ ~ cklyt

    '..i< ; cakleet

    1. chocolate.

    ~":}.$ cillaab p. ~'%" claaliib 1.


    hook. 2. clip. 3. safety pin.

    2.

    candy.

    ":'J ~

    ~~ cillabteen p . .:..>~'%" cillaabaat


    pair of pliers.

    clb

    ~ callab II (with y b-) 1. to hold


    on to, cling to, stick to. J _,...JI !) 0l5""
    ~ ..,..._ts"' ~I <.j..U)) ..:.r:!..,l:o,-1) V"L.;

    caan fi s-suug naas waaydiin w-wildi


    1-maskiin callab biyya. There were a
    lot of people in the marketplace and
    my poor son held on to me. ).1 ~
    .; ~~ ..,._..15"J I_,.....I. I !) gamii,~a taar fi
    1-hawa w-callab b-li-yara. His shirt
    flew in the air and hung up in the tree.
    Y~ -~ ~ callab biik. -jee? He
    held onto you. What's the matter with
    him? 2. to insist. ol:!IJ ft""'j ..._~ ~
    callab biyya 'asiir wiyyaa. He insisted
    that I go with him.
    ~ ca/b (less common var. kalb) p.
    y":}.S Claab dog. ~ J.l 'ibin calb
    knave, rascal. ~~ ~ calb 1-ba/:tar
    (more common var. .J~f.. yaryuur)
    shark. (prov.) .U:.. # ~I ...LI J wild
    c-calb ca/bin mi8/a. (derog.) Like
    father like son. (lit., "The son of a dog
    is a dog like his father.") (prov.) ~J
    yy~l ~ if yt.,.._Ji ~ wees c~[a
    s-sahaab
    min nabh. li-claab? (ht.,
    .
    "What can the barking of dogs do to
    clouds?") (prov.) J ~I ~;,i I~!
    l....:uJI 'ioa 'a(reet C-ca/b wal/im f-ca$a.

    ~ cleeb p. -aat (dim. of ..,_.15' calb)


    small dog, puppy.

    ~_,.J5.... macluub p. -iin 1. rabid dog.


    2. madman, lunatic.
    ~J

    l:i

    elm

    4.lS"' calma p. -aat 1. word. 2. brief


    speech. ~j t...JS" JuJ '-"'l:JI r::!" yimac
    n-naas w-gaal calmatin zeena. He
    gathered the people and gave a good
    brief speech. 3. influence, authority.
    L......o _,.s::.J-1 !) L..1S"" w1 'ila calma fi
    li-bkuuma. He has influence in the
    government. (See also ,. J d kim.).

    .JJ (i

    Clw

    o)S" cilwa
    ~ti

    p. ~)% calaawi kidney.

    em
    ~ cam (less common var. kam) 1.
    (with foil. def. n.) how much?
    YrL...bJI cam t-tamaat? How much are
    the tomatoes? Y~l ~cam 1-hamba?
    How much are the mangoes? 2. (with
    foiL indef. n.) how many? -'>-IJ ~
    \1-L.; cam waa/:tid tabi? How many
    (ones) do you want? Y~~ ~ .J~ ~
    cam dirhim difact?
    How many

    r-S

    dirhams did you pay? 3. (with foiL v.)

    110

    rS

    how much? how many? k ...._d.)


    cam difaet? How much did you pay?
    ~ ui\,;
    cam tabi? How much do you
    want? How many (e.g., kilograms,
    ones, etc.) do you want? 4. (in a
    statement with foil. indef. s.n.) some,
    ~ baed
    a few. ~\J.) j......)i ~
    cam sahar 'akammil diraasti. I will
    complete my studies in a few months.

    car is similar to our car. 3. it looks as


    if, it appears that. t.?i c.?? ~ ~ ..;lS"
    ~ Cinna ma yabi yistiri 'ayya saw. It
    iooks as if he doesn't want to buy
    anything. ~~ .:.r--- IJ..L.....:..! ~ ~LS"
    Cinnhum ma bannadaw min s-sugul. It
    looks as though they did not finish
    work.

    rS

    rS

    ~U,;\

    .)':?-

    Js- ~\ ~ iY- rS ~

    J~ua eng/
    J~ Cingaa! p. ~\..;.;.,. Cinaagii/ fork
    (utensil). t?J.....:.! J5l .Ju.J:.~
    ~ l;\

    baed cam yoom tinga(Ji 1-ga(Jiyya ea[a


    xeer nsaa!fa. In a few days the
    problem will be solved, hopefully.

    J51

    'aana ma 'aakil b-c-Cingaa/. 'aakil


    b-yaddi. I do not eat with a fork. I eat
    with my hand.

    ~~a cmm
    ~ Cim p. i _yS kmuum, ii...S"I kmaam

    sleeve.

    Jtua

    ":'a"' a cwcb
    ~~ coocab p. ~ly. CiwaaCib
    spring (of water) . ...L..>.-IJ ~ly. ~
    ~.) _,.._......JI 0 0~.) }I 0 tl:za~~il CiwaaCib
    waayid fi 1-widyaan fi s-sueuudiyya.
    You find many springs in ravines in
    Saudi Arabia.

    cned

    canead (coil.) king mackerel,


    king fish. s. -a. Lf.J J ,J..j ~ ..l.t..J,.I
    ~i J.Y'UI c-canead simac zeen
    King
    walaakin 1-haamuur 'atyab.
    mackerel is good fish, but red snapper
    is more delicious. ~ ...l.Jt.,;,:>,. ...::... !.1 _,...seumrak kaleet canead? Have you ever
    eaten king fish?

    uua

    cnn

    ....il.S" Cinn- (with foil. suff. pron.) 1. as

    P'

    though, as if. ~\j


    ..__;\5"' Cinna
    s-seex zaayid as if he were Shaikh
    Zayid. J' JJL1 l.f.i\S" ~ tamsi Cinnha
    taawuus. She walks as if she were a
    peacock. i~ ~LS 0-!~li gaaediin
    cinnhum /:zikkaam. They are sitting as
    2. like,
    though they were rulers.
    similar to. a.....,a;.. ~\S" 4-:>-i 'uxutta
    Cinnha /:zi$$a. Her sister is like Hissa.
    l;.jJ~ 4\S" oJ~l t.?L haaoi
    s-sayyaara cinnha sayyaaratna. This

    J.j

    a cwd
    .)_,5 cood

    (less common var. kooti)


    perhaps, possibly, maybe.\.;.,. .)' cood
    ya. Perhaps he came. He might have
    come. i ~~ .,?.: .) _,) cood yaji 1-yoom.
    He might co~e today.
    ~.,a cwf

    Jt"-" caaf ('-'. ~ ycuuj)

    (less

    common var. saaj) 1. to see . ...,--i ...:;A..::.


    cifta 'ams. I saw him yesterday. i j'Y
    o.)L:!)I ~ r...UI .......; _,....::.i laazim 'acuuf
    1-mudiir f:zagg z-ziyaada. I have to see
    the manager concerning the increment.
    J _,__ll 0:>-IJ ~ cifittum raayl:ziin
    s-suug.
    I saw them going to the
    marketplace. ~ ~ bl ,.......; _,_;,

    111

    .f---.1

    ~ ~
    cuuf, 'ioa bageet tiskar
    'iskar fi beetak. Look, if you want to
    drink (liquor), drink at home. 2. find
    out, find . .r.LP ._;. ....; ~i J.>- ':J ...:.....> J
    ~4. ril)t lajil
    'acuuf S-$aayir
    beenaattum. I went in order to find
    out what had happened between them.
    ~4! ~ ~~ ..:...A...!. J ..::....>- J ribt w-cift
    maaku sayy beenaattum. I went and
    found there was nothing between
    them.
    3. to encounter, experience.
    ._;l::> ~ o~IJ JS"'L..!..o JL.....!;. caaf
    masaakil waayda fi l)ayaata. He has
    encountered many problems in his life.
    J.L.J1 ~L.....!;. ..!...l.il..5" ~~ ._;. s-biik?
    cinnak caayif o-oill. What's wrong
    with you? It looks as if you have
    experienced humiliation. i ~ JU
    ~~ caaf nyuum 9-9uhur. He went
    4. to
    through a lot of trouble.
    consider, think, be of the opinion.
    ~j y .r--" ~l ._i _,.....!:oiJ 0Jl:--)1 +.::..-!?
    jarrabt s-sayyaara w- 'acuuf 'innha
    muub zeena. I have tried the car and
    think that it's not good. ...;! ....; __,..;.i Lil
    ..;IS::... ~ ~~J 'aana 'acuuf 'inna raayak
    fi mukaana. It seems to me that your
    opinion is sound. U. J _;i ~....; ~
    ~':J _rl su ccuuj?
    'aguullaha loo Ia?
    What do you think? Shall I tell her or
    not? 0-'"""i l.b J_,z ..!...l.il ....; __,..;.i l.ii 'aana
    'acuuf 'innak tguul !aha 'al)san. It
    seems to me that it would be better if
    you tell her.

    J ~ cawwaf II 1. to cause to
    experience. ~~ i ~ ci _r;. cawwafta
    nyuum 9-(iuhur.
    I made him go
    through a lot of trouble. (lit., "I
    showed him midday stars.") 2. to
    show, cause to see. u~l ~~

    cawwafni-yyaaha. He showed it to
    me.
    ,:,L-<11 r-P~ cawwafittum
    1-mukaan. I showed them the place.
    JWJI ncaaf VII 1. to be seen. ~ ~
    ....;~ L... s-fii? ma tincaaf. What's

    going on? You haven't been seen


    around. 2. ....;~ ~ 4.- )-1 "->-- J weeh
    1-l)urma ma yincaaf A woman's face
    cannot be seen.

    J _,....:. coof (v.n. from JU. caaj)


    seeing. .;-+l:JI ~ ~~ ....; _,...:;. coof
    1-filim cugb 9-{Juhur. Seeing the film
    is in the afternoon.
    4j~ coofa (n. of inst.) p. -aat look,
    glance.

    JJei

    cwl

    4J _?': cuula p. -aat stove, kerosene


    stove.

    ljL..S" ._,..L.:JI J}:ll JL......)

    .J

    -..__j _,.J,.I ~ J ~

    fi-z-zamaan
    1-'awwali n-naas caanaw yi{baxuun
    cafa c-cuula. In olden times people
    used to cook on kerosene stoves.

    'UJ Ci cwn
    .
    ~LS' caan (.J y~ ykuun) (less common
    var. kaan) 1. to be . .J:-o y.. ~ .:,?"' .J\.5""
    caan hini gabil yoomeen. He was here
    two days ago. ~~ ~ ~f' .;..5
    Cint marii(i fi 1-mustasfa. I was sick in
    the hospital. ~ J ~ ~~J -41j t:-=-=JI
    _?~ s-seex zaayid raayil) ykuun hini
    baacir. Shaikh Zayid is going to be
    here tomorrow. ._,..J.i-' .Jw J _,_.JI
    ~..r- J j:>.-L_,. J s-suug caan matruus
    rayaayiil w-l)ariim. The marketplace
    was filled with men and women . .J\.5""
    ~ caan fii There was, there were.
    .J.>.....-11 ~ (_,....h.. ~ .JL..5" caan fi i

    112

    m{awwac fi li-msiid. There was a holy


    man in the mosque . ...l:.Y .:>\5' caan cind
    tO have . .) 'J );:, ....,..! <$...l:.Y j\5' caan Cindi
    'imiyat duulaar.
    I had a hundred
    dollars. ...r---'i .JL...J=:. w...l:.Y .:>LS caan
    cindana xu{{aar 'ams. We had guests
    yesterday. 2. (with foil. imperf.) to be
    doing s.th. or used to do s.th. ~ 0:!
    J'.).;., j\5' leen cifta caan yidris. When
    I saw him, he was studying. ~ C l1
    J--<:..-Ji c.,--S'J.. J_,.s; .:>\5' LJ:!...;P}JI {aab
    ca[a l-'ar9 teen caan yl:zaawil yirkab
    s-seekal. He fell down to the ground
    when he was trying to ride the bicycle.
    i..uJI ~ ..UJ.. .:>U caan yargid cugb
    !-gada. He used to take a nap after
    lunch. ~L.. i J-!. JS ~i .::- Cinl
    'amsi kill yoom saacteen. I used to
    walk two hours every day. 3. (with
    foil. act. part.) to be doing s.th. or
    having done s.th. ~I.J .:>\5' d..=- ll.
    .)':---"-! lamma J:za.s:jalta
    caan raakib
    biriira. When I caught up with him,
    he was riding his camel. .1G. .:>LS
    J.J>. ~c; J )~ caan baatt miidaara
    w-gaacid yfwdig.
    He had already
    thrown his fishing line and was
    fishing. W_,.k o...l....,o lf'!~ l j U
    caanaw mgasmiriinni mudda (awiila.
    They had played pranks on me for a
    long time. y .)l._..;, o\5' J..L:.A..ll L.J...o) ~
    op->. ~ y. leen wi:jalna 1-fundug (;aan

    saarib botleen biira. When we arrived


    at the hotel, he had already had two
    bottles of beer.

    4. (invar. o\.5"' (;aan

    with foil. perfect in conditional sentences)

    would

    have,

    could have,

    should have. ~ o\.5"' .!.I~

    ...:...>-) )

    lo

    ribt hnaak caan cifta. If you had gone


    there, you would have seen him. )

    >

    c__).ll ,:r

    ..::.>
    .:>\5' _p!:ll ...::...JU:" lo simacti
    l-xabar caan tirti min 1-fara/:z. Ifyou
    had heard the news, you would have
    been overjoyed. (prov.) ~ t.f.J.J.J..)
    '-!y ~ j\5' lo yadri cmeer caan sagg
    8ooba. Ignorance is bliss. (lit., "If
    Omayr had known, he would have
    ripped his clothes.") .:>LS ~ ~
    o..l..! ~ feen }:za:j:jQ/ta caan /:zabbeet
    yadda.
    When you found him, you
    should have kissed his hand. (prov.)
    ~ .:>LS oJL..,a.ll ~ _,J Zoo bageet
    .s-:jalaa caan l:za:j:jGlitta. Make hay
    while the sun shines. (lit., "If you had
    wanted the prayer, you could have

    gotten it.")
    I.J kawwan II. See under u.J.:l kwn.
    I.J~ tkawwan V.

    See under uJ.:l

    kwn.

    1-J_,s:.ll 1-koon. See under

    r.

    u.J.:l

    kwn.

    u..J ~ cwn
    ~.Jl5

    caan (conj.; more common var.


    .:>LS' J\ ncaan) if. (prov.) ~ .)\5' .)\
    ....__l)' ....__l)'\j 'J _,.J>. ~.) ncaan cift

    rifiijak l:zilu Ia taakla killa. Do not use


    up all of your credit at once. (lit., "If
    you find out that your friend is sweet
    '
    don't eat him up all at once.") .:>\5' J\
    \.),...L....... J' _,_u d-# ncaan caJeek jluus
    siddha.
    back.

    If you owe money, pay it


    .:_r-~.j (.,?" jLY JL.S J\ ncaan

    caazminni zeen.

    If he has invited me

    '

    (it's) fine.

    Ci J 5.

    cwy

    4.S _,..5 cuwa (f.$~ yicwi)


    1. to
    cauterize. u"UI l j U JJ~I ol.. )I J
    JU .raJ~ c_~l J )~ fi z-zamaan

    113
    ~r _r-ll

    l- 'awwali caanaw n-naas yicwuun


    l-jarb b-~-~uufaan.
    In olden times
    people used to cauterize wounds with
    touchwood. 2. to bum. t..S ~ _;Loll (,)lll
    "-i>." J l-maay l-baarr cuwa weeha. The
    hot water burned his face.

    ceefl-hawa l-yoom? How is the


    weather today? Y~ ceeffum? How
    are they? 2. mood, state of mind. ':J
    r~~ <J-j ._,.., y ~ ! ............i Ia trammsa!
    ceefa muub zeen l-yoom. Don't talk to
    him! He is not in a good mood today.
    2. well-being, good humor. ~ .J L.
    r_,_..,!I ma-la ceef l-yoom. He is not
    feeling well today. 3. discretion, will.
    ~ Js- ~ J5' kill sayy ca[a ceefak
    Everything is the way you want it. l~l
    ~ I.;~IJ.): ~ L. 'iOa rna bageet
    tiyi wiyyaana b-ceefak. If you do not
    want to come with us, that's up to you.

    4.S cawwa II= cuwa.


    4.S _,..s::; I ncuwa VII I. to be cauterized.
    c_.;-hl t..S ~I ncuwa /-jar b. The wound

    was cauterized. 2. to be burned.


    ~.?.r5 cayy (v.n.; less common var.
    kayy) cauterization. ~'-! ..:L.- ..r- (,) Jl.)
    daawi jarbak b-c-cayy. Treat your
    wound with cauterization.

    '

    I.J'M l.j (i cys

    ..,......$' cayyas II (less common var.


    kayyas)
    ;,~

    to put s.th. in a

    ,_,..L....::S"'I

    .J

    bag.~

    cayyasna
    saamaanna fi cyaas Cibiira. We put
    our things in large bags.
    l.il..L-...

    ~ ciis

    p. ,_,..l,5'1 cyaas bag, sack.


    ciis sakar bag of sugar,
    ~<: Ciis cees sack of
    sugar bag. ?
    rice, rice sack.

    .f-.-:. ~

    ..rl...:f

    cyaas p. -aat (approx.) half a


    kilogram. ~ ...:....L...l,5' r':...&- <..::.-.:!_r-...;.1
    stireet casir cyaasaat ceeS. I bought
    five kilograms of rice.

    ~.J<M 'i

    a cys

    ..r.f ciis

    expense. ~ Js- ca[a Ciisi


    at my expense. ;;.... _,.0.1 ~ Js- <J"_;~
    yidris ca[a Ciis li-bkuuma.
    He is
    studying at the government's expense.

    ~~5. cyf
    ~ ceef? 1. how? ~ .!..LJL>- ~ ceef
    baalak?
    How are you? I_,J.I ~

    ~'i

    a cyk
    ~ cayyak II 1. to check, control.
    ,..!.LJ...;.; .:.r--- ~.))I ~ cayyik

    r-radeetar min fa{Jlak Check the


    radiator, please! ..b...,;:Ji ~ ih haaoa
    ycayyik
    {J-{Jagt. This controls the
    pressure. 2. to examine s.th. for accuracy and safety. j...>-- ':J (.1_,s:J1 ..:....>- .J
    (,?HI ~i ribt l-garaaj lajil 'acayyik
    l-batri. I went to the garage in order
    to have the battery checked. ...:...-..>- .J
    ~ ~) ribt w-cayyakt ca[ee. I
    went and examined it. 3. to correct,
    adjust s.th. 4
    <J-j ~ JIS' L. rna
    caan yistagil zeen. cayyakta. It wasn't
    working well. I adjusted it. 4. to mark
    with a check mark. J ~ ._,k..dl
    iiJ..LJI "-i~ t-tindeel cayyak-/i bi(aagat
    d-dawaam. The supervisor checked
    the time card for me.

    ~ tcayyak V to be checked '.?_;WI


    ~ l-baatri ccayyakat. The battery
    was checked.

    ~ tacyiik (v.n. from ~ cayyak)


    checking, act of checking.

    114

    mcayyik (act. part. from II ~


    cayyak) 1. having checked s.th. ~.,;
    ~\.11 ~
    tawwni mcayyik
    1-maakiina. I have just checked the
    engine.
    2. (p. -iin) ~ mcayyak
    having been checked. j..-!\'IJ (,>LI.I
    ~ (,>HIJ 1-maay w-1-'aayil
    w-1-batri mcayyakiin. The water, the
    oil, and the battery have been checked.

    J-:) ceel dry measure (of no standard

    J ':F Ci

    cyl

    J.-..=S" cayyal II (less common var.


    kayyal)

    1. to store up, stockpile. I..S


    I.J.>I ':tiJ ~ ':tl) .r. ~ Jl..j ,y Cinna
    min zamaan ncayyil burr walla saciir
    walla 'iora. We used, some time ago,
    to store up wheat, barley, or corn. 2.
    to provide with grain, cereals, corn,
    etc.

    size) for grain.


    ~ cayyaal p. -iin one who measures

    out grain, cereals, etc.

    ,. ':F Ci

    cym

    U Cima (coli.; less common var. ~


    fagic) mushrooms. s. Lr. Cimaa a
    mushroom .
    .J ~

    u':F ti
    ~

    cyngw

    Ciingo (coli.) aluminum sheets.


    s. ~ c) lool;t Ciingo an aluminum
    sheet. ~ ,y Cr' .r. .) J ~ ._,..li ~
    fii naas yciisuunji barasti min ciingo.
    There are people who live in shacks of
    aluminum.

    tc baa
    ~baa

    lute

    name of the letter C b.

    baanaa

    W~ baana Hana (woman's name,


    made famous in the prov. \;l.. J \;k- 0!:1
    L..:..i~ ~ been /:laana w-maana
    (Jayyacna lbaana. Caught in the
    middle between the devil and the deep
    blue sea.). (lit., "Between Hana and
    Mana we lost our beards.").

    ,.t C

    /:Jaam
    ~~

    baam
    famous ravine in the
    Emirate ofFujaira.
    .Jt~c /:lbaar
    OJ~

    /:Jabaara p.? l)ubir bustard,


    sand grouse. c..?JI.r><-..P .r---1 o.J~I
    1-/:labaara teer $abraawi. The bustard
    is a desert bird.

    '~~c /:lbb
    ~

    I:Jabb (....,_.>.: y/:libb) 1. to kiss.


    !I~~ ~i !~..u:.L..... saacidni!
    'a/:libb ca[a yaddak. Help me! I will
    kiss your hand. 2. to like, love s.o. or
    s.th. ;;.JLJ-1 o~I ....,_.>.: y/:libb 1-gahwa
    1-/:larra. He likes hot coffee. ~ ~
    ~Li41J t/:libb tiyi wiyyaana? Would you
    like to come with us? l..... _.r J ~ ~
    I:Jabbeena bacap w-carrasna.
    We
    loved each other and got married.

    ..

    habbab
    II to cause to be liked or
    .
    loved. ._,..L.:JI J-> <~...:>- J.J ~ y/:labbib
    ruu/:la /:Jagg n-naas.
    He endears
    himself to people.

    ~Ll t/:laabab VI to love each other.


    1_,_. _.rJ lft!U t/:laababaw w-carrasaw.

    They loved
    married.

    each

    other

    and got

    ~ /:lubb
    love, affection. ~ ~I
    1-/:lubb camay. Love is blind. cJ (:} J
    ~ wugac fi /:lubbha. He fell in love
    with her. ,:_r-j y _,_. ._,.....A.jl <-:-->" /:lubb
    n-nafs muub zeen. Self-love is not
    good. t.~)'l ~ /:lubb 1-'isti!laac
    curiosity . .:,r--1)1 ~ /:lubb 1-watan
    patriotism. 4
    ~~c) c}IJ waagic
    fi /:lubb bnayya yimiila. He is in love
    with a beautiful girl.
    ~ !)abba

    p. -aat kiss. ~ LA\.k$:.


    cataaha !)abba. He kissed her. He
    gave her a kiss.
    ~

    /:labiib p. '-:-:!~ l)abaayib, y~l


    l)baab 1. loved one, sweetheart, lover.
    2. dear friend. ~~ J ~l....,pi ~,i.,.
    haoee/
    'a$/:laabna w-l)abaayibna.
    These are our friends and loved ones.
    ~ ~ bank l)abiib Habib Bank.
    ~ ml)abba affection, attachment.

    y ~ mabbuub (p.p. from~ l)abb)


    p. -iin 1. lovable, desireable. ~1_,:)1
    ~Y I a."'t-tawaapuc Xi$la
    ma/:lbuuba.
    Modesty is a desirable
    trait. 2. popular. y ~ ~ mganni
    mal)buub
    popular singer. y ~
    p-~>l.J..I mal)buub 1-jamaahiir very
    popular (singer, ruler, poet, etc.)
    among the masses. 3. sweetheart, dear
    one. y ~~ Jl} Js- .JJJi L. ma 'agdar
    ca[a fraag 1-mal;zbuub. I cannot put up

    116

    with
    one.
    y

    to:' to:'

    !l~ habbaac p . ..!..Y.~ l)baabiic, -a

    being separated from my dear

    bookbinder.

    c l)bb

    ~c~c l)b~Jb
    ~

    l)abb (coli.) p. y ..J--;>-i)buub I.


    grains, seeds. H ...,.._..,.. l)abb heel
    cardamom seeds. ~ ~ l)abb
    sunflower seeds. 2. acne,
    samsi
    pestules. YW ...,.._..,.. l)abb sabaab
    adolescent pimples. 3. tablets, pills.
    J-...r.--i y ..J--:>- l)buub 'asbiriin. aspirin
    tablets. J--:ll y ~ l)buub 1-l)amil
    contraceptive pills.
    ~ !)abba

    p. -aat I. grain, granule.


    r. ~ l)abbat burr wheat grain. ~
    ~ l)abbat saciir barley grain. 2.
    tablet, pill. J-...r.-"i ~ y ~ sirib
    He took two
    l)abbateen 'asbiriin.
    aspirin tablets. 3. piece ofs.th. (e.g.,
    an orange, an apple, a banana, etc.)
    C. L.....Qj ..;...~ ~ ~ cateeta xams
    l)abbaat tiffaal).
    I gave him five
    apples. ~~ ~ ~ 0-:!j JLZ.r. l..i.....A>
    haaoa burtagaal zeen. cam !)abba
    tabi? These are good oranges. How
    many (ones) do you want?

    '"~~c

    J;bb

    l)ibb p. y~ J;baab large pottery


    jar for storing drinking water.

    ~~c bbc
    ~ J;ibac (~ yl;abic)

    to bind a
    book. ~I l) ~~ J
    yl;abcuun
    1-kutub fi 1-matbaca. They bind books
    at the printing press.

    !I~ J;baac (v.n.) bookbinding. !.1~1


    J.Al14. t./' Lo ~ li-J;baac sag/a ma hi
    b-hal-gadd. Bookbinding is not that
    much of a good job.

    habhab
    ofFujaira.

    C~ C

    valley in the Emirate

    l)bl)r

    l)abl)ar (coli.) hot (red) peppers.


    s. ~ ~ l)abbat l)abl)ar, o~ -a.
    JJG- 1.$~ ~I 1-l)abl)ar ysawwi
    l)aarig.
    Hot (red) pepper causes
    heartburn.

    I.)"J ~

    l)bs

    l)ibas (~ yl)abis) I. to jail,


    imprison. :.r:::-- ~ o~ l)absoo
    xams siniin. They locked him up for
    five years. 2. to block, confine. -r:>
    J..ui Lo .~}JI .js-l)ibas cafayya
    (-fariig. ma 'agdar 'atfac. He blocked
    my way. I cannot go out. 3. to send
    (e.g. school kids) to detention, keep
    s.o. (after school) as punishment.
    ~WI J~l u-:> U"'J..L.il/i-mdarris
    The
    l)ibas fi_cyaaf li-msaagbiin.
    teacher sent the mischievous kids to
    detention.

    tlki

    ~I nl)ibas VII to be imprisoned,


    detained. t-ll' J ~ _r..s- dl nl;ibas
    He was imcasar siniin w-tifac.
    prisoned for ten years and was turned
    loose thereafter. ~y ~I nl;ibas
    m'abbad. He received life imprisonment.
    ~ }Jabs (v.n. from ~ l;ibas) 1.

    imprisonment, confinement. ~ ~~
    ~ _1-.1 1-J;abs J;agg 1-mijirmiin.
    Imprisonment is for criminals. I~
    ...r--:>" ~ ~ ~ l;akamu ca[ee

    117

    xams siniin /:labs. They sentenced him


    to five years in jail. 2. (p. '-'"~
    /:zbuus) jail, prison.

    '~~c
    ~

    4f'Y. mal:zbuus (p.p. from~ /:zibas)


    1. locked up, confined. 2. (p. ~I.Je.
    mal:zaabiis, ~ y:::. -iin) inmate,
    convict. 4..;_..., ,y..~ '-'"~ ..__j JL.,
    $aar-la mal:zbuus cisriin sana. He has
    been in jail for twenty years.

    ~~c l:zbS
    ~~ 1-l:zabasa Ethiopia, Abyssinia.

    .,.

    ~/:latta.

    l:zibSaan
    Abu Dhabi).

    'J~c

    l:zattam II (with ~ cafa) to


    impose on s.o., insist . .r---'i ~ ~
    ~~\) l:zattam ctayya 'asiir wiyyaahum.
    He insisted that I go with them. ~
    l....i~ J~ J~ ~ l:zattamna
    Ca/eehum yiyuun yifCaSSUUn Cindana.
    We insisted that they come to have
    dinner at our place.

    Hibshan (oil field in

    J:zbz

    ~ /:zabil p. J~ l:zbaal. rope, cable,

    .,.

    line (such as a clothes line). uWI


    /:zab/1-gasiil the clothes line .

    'l.j ~ c l:zty
    J~...>-

    J~c l:zbl
    ~ l:zibil (coil.) p. J~ l:zbuul (more

    common syn. ~ bill:z p. c_}i bluul:z)


    caviar.
    'i~C !:zby

    ,r. l:ziba (~ yl:zabi) to crawl, creep.


    ~U,.I

    See under I.S u C: l:zty.

    ~~C ~

    uldM~c l:zbSaan
    ~~

    l:zatt (~yl:zitt) 1. (v.t.) to rub off,


    scrape off s.th. (e.g., dirt, hair, etc.).
    "-!}_,.....;. ~ ..:.......>- l:zatt sacar sawaarba.
    He rubbed off the hairs of his
    moustache. t-" }I ..::.......:>- l:zatt 1-wasax.
    He rubbed off the dirt. 2. (v.i.) to fall
    out (hair), fall down. rli 0~ . y r
    ~ huwa seeba.
    .scara gaam y/:zitt.
    He is an old man. His hair has started
    to fall out.
    ~~c ~:zu

    l:zbasi I. Ethiopian, characteristic of Ethiopia. 2. (p. ~ !:zabaS)


    an Ethiopian, an Abyssinian.

    ~:zu

    J-:.- ~ L>..

    ya yl:zabi mi8!
    1-yaahi/. He came crawling like a
    child. o~ J ~ 0:J ~ r_,_.A.! j..ikJI
    ~i 6,__...j t-tifil yguum yl:zabi leen
    ykuun cumra tiscat 'ashir. A baby
    starts to crawl when it's nine months
    old.

    .,.

    l:zaata III to attach importance


    (to), feel concern (for). !-JLi '} Ia
    tl:zaati! Don't be concerned! ~ I~
    !...__,;Li 'i .~~ L... haaoa sajry rna
    yistaahal.
    Ia tl:zaatii!
    This is a
    worthless thing. Don't attach importance to it!
    'i~C l:zty
    ~

    /:latta (conj.) 1. in order that, so


    that. J-S1 ~ ~~ ~ J ril:zt
    1-matcam /:latta 'aakil. I went to the
    restaurant in order to eat. Jly...UI Jl.~1 J ~ ~ r..? _r.:--.J ~I saar
    d-diiwaan 1-'amiiri /:latta ycuuf s-seex.
    He went to the Emiri Court so that he

    118

    might see the Shaikh. 2. even . .y


    f. \... .r- .._?>- ~_).)1 !.I; min tirak 1-firiij
    l;atta marr ma ymurr. Since he left
    the neighborhood, he hasn't even
    passed through. L..:,. L.. ~ batta
    saalim ya. Even Salim came. _,J ._?>batta law even though, even if. L.
    L..:,. ) .._?>- .U _,...::, i ~ i ma 'abga 'acuufa
    batta law ya. I do not want to see him
    even if he comes. 'i) .._?>- batta wala
    not even, never even. J ~ 'i) .._?>~\ JL..I ,J batta wala yguul, "ji
    maan illaa." He doesn't even say,
    "Goodbye."
    3. (prep.) until, till.
    j)ll ~ .._?>- ~; trayyeettum batta
    nU$$ /-lee!.
    I waited for them until
    midnight. ~~ _r>-T ~ JA.:JI () ~
    bigi ji s-sugul batta 'aaxir digiiga. He
    stayed at work until the last minute.

    '. .

    ~ ~c

    MJ()

    c..,;.. l;a()() (~ ybi()()) (with ~ cafa)


    to encourage, urge. ~~ ~ ..:,;,~
    ba()()ani caza s-sugul. He encouraged
    me to work. 0 _r. ':il) JA.:JI ~ ~
    tr-""'" l;a()()eeta cala s-sugul walla
    ymuut juuc. I urged him to work or he
    will starve.

    '(

    . . c b()()

    ~~

    ~ l;i()() (coli.) dry dates.


    recorded s.)

    (no

    Y[C bib
    ~

    l;ijab (~ ybajib) to hide,


    obscure, block off. ~~ ~ ~~
    l-geem yl;ajib s-sams. Clouds hide the
    sun. _r1-j.l ~ d..9 _#I t-toofa l)jibat
    1-mam)ar. The wall obscured the view.
    ~ tfJaJjab V to wear a veil. 4... )-1

    ~ i j'i l..i~~ ()~/-burma hinifi


    blaadna laazim titbajjab. A woman
    here in our country has to wear a veil.
    y~

    /:ljaab p. -aat (woman's) veil.

    ~1..:>-

    baajib
    eyebrow.

    p.

    ....,_..,.I_,.,.-

    bawaajib

    ~ mbajjab
    veiled, obscured,
    blocked off. ~ ~ .r l;urma
    mbajjaba veiled woman.

    [[C

    hii

    bajj (~ yl;ijj) to make the


    pilgrimage (to Mecca). J ~ C U-1
    ~ Jl 1-l;ijjaaj yl;ijjuun 'ila makka.
    Pilgrims go on pilgrimage to Mecca.
    ~Lll iUI ~ l;ajjeet [-caam
    1-maa(ji. I made the pilgrimage last
    year.
    ~\..:>- baajaj III to argue with, reason
    with s.o. jCJ1 ~ 4-i.r .~Li 'i Ia
    tbaajijni. sawwiiha ha s-sikil. Don't
    argue with me. Do it in this manner.

    ~ tbajjaj V to make excuses . .:r.,l


    ~ i\j -.:;_, ?\.; J-) .J ..:.Ji leen git-la
    lees ta'axxart gaam yitbajjaj. When I
    told him he was late, he started to
    make excuses. ...........;:, I~ u_l~
    daayman yit~wjjaj b-mara<)a.
    He
    always uses his illness as an excuse.

    ~~ tbaajaj VI to carry on a dispute,


    debate . .!..L..- y.--S"'i JJI ~~) ~L:...::; 'i Ia
    titbaajaj wiyya IIi 'akbar minnak.
    Don't argue with those who are older
    than you.
    ~I btajj

    VIII to protest, object. ~b


    daayman yibtajj. He always
    objects. 1_,....,...:>-IJ o)j_y-ll 1_,.,.-1..> raa/:law
    1-wizaara w-/:ltajjaw. They went to the

    119

    ministry and protested . ..~.;s. ~~ /;ltajj


    c;nd
    protest to. ..,r:!j_,ll ..L..;; 1_,.......::>-1
    /;ltajjaw c;nd 1-waziir. They protested
    to the minister. 2. (with Js- ca[a) to
    protest (about) s.th. ~ 1~1

    .J~C /;ljr
    ~

    l)ijir p . .JIJ"""'">" l)ijraan (more


    common var. ~ siliil) lap. (prov.)
    ~ ~ Jr
    !ll...k.&- ll:l! 'ioa

    P'

    cataak s-seex marag /;lutta b-siliilak.

    ~L...::.:-~1 t. ~) \11 /;ltajjaw ca[a


    l-'awpaac 1-'ijtimaaciyya.
    They

    protested about social conditions.


    ~ l)ajj pilgrimage, making the pilgrimage. ~')L..'il .JL5) .:..r-- ~1/-/;lajj
    min 'arkaan 1-'islaam. Pilgrimage is
    one of the pillars oflslam.

    ~ l)ijja

    p. ~ /;lijaj

    excuse,

    pretext.

    ~r .WI ~

    mariip.

    His excuse is that he is sick.

    y...._=JI

    ._;.~ L..

    /;lijjta 'inna

    J-= ~ ~ yl>.

    yaab

    l)ijja lajil ma ydiss s-sugul. He made

    M~e hay while the sun shines. (lit.,


    "If the Shaikh gives you meat broth,
    put it in your lap.")
    h.

    .J~C

    .IJr

    ~ t/;lajjar V to tum to stone, become

    petrified. ~ ..!L.Jf- ~ ~ "-,:i


    ..:... ~ Jll ..:...lii?IJ ..:,..1,;4J1.fii mat/;laf
    hini yrawwiik bacp n-nabaataat
    w-1-/;layawaanaat illi t/;lajjarat. There

    is a museum here that shows you some


    plants and animals that have become
    petrified. ~ ~ ~ ..!.Wi ..:...;i b!

    up an excuse not to go to work. Jl:l


    i.........:-..)1 ou 1-/;lijja Zu'lhijja (the last
    month of the Islamic calendar).

    'ioa 'inta ga!bak t/;lajjar


    yacni ga/bak muub ra/;liim. If you

    ~ }Jajji, ~ l;ajj p. C ~ l;ijjaaj


    pilgrim, person who has made the
    pilgrimage. L.. ~~ l-l;ajj saalim
    Hadj Salim, Salim, the pilgrim.

    ~~I

    }Jtijaaj (v.n. from VIII ~~

    l)tajj) protest, objection

    ~ .J y .J--"

    become hard-hearted, that means you


    are not kind-hearted.
    l)ijar (more common var. /;liyar).
    See under .Jr.j /;lyr.

    ~~

    .; ~C h"
    .IJr

    /;lajari

    stony, stone.

    mit/;lajjir p. -iin having turned

    to stone, petrified.

    l)ajir (v.n.) confinement, c


    tainment, as in ~ _r:-.> l;ajir ~il;bi

    l)ayawaanaat

    quarantine.

    He is hard-hearted.

    o~

    l)ijra p.

    _r:-.>

    }Jijar, _r:-.>1 'il;zja~

    room in a house.~ Y ~
    _r:-.>

    J ~~

    'askinfi beetfii xams /;lijar. I live

    in a house that has five rooms. o_r:-.>


    ~~~ l)ijrat n-noom
    the bedroom.
    jS\11 o..r=> /;lijrat 1-'akil the dining
    room.

    ~~

    c.5 pl[-ca~r 1-l;ajari the Stone Age.

    ~~ ..:...L.;I_r->

    mit/;lajjriin
    petrified
    animals. ~ ~ gafba mit/;lajjir.
    ~ u\.....:l

    l.l.e.
    haaoa dmaaga mit/;lajjir. This one is
    thick-headed.

    .) [ C

    l.zjz

    ~ l)ijaz (~yl)ajiz) 1.

    to reserve,

    make a reservation. # 1..i f:c> /;lijazna


    ma/;lalleen. We reserved two places.
    )L.. J f:c> l)ijaz w-saafar. He made a

    120

    reservation and traveled. .W ..:... ~


    d..L.....;.A]I I) LJ.}- l},ijazt-la gurfa fi
    1-.fundug. I reserved him a room in the
    hotel. 2. (with ~ cata) to seize,
    confiscate. ~ ..:... ~ L .PIJ ..,..U
    w"))...i JS fa/las w-li-1},/cuuma IJ,ijzat
    cata kill 'amlaaka. He went bankrupt
    and the government seized all his
    possessions. 4. Js- IJ.i"">' l},ijzaw cata
    beeta. They seized his house. 3. (with
    ,JS" can) to keep away, block off s. th.
    ~ .:.rs- ~~ _,.p ~ ~~ s-siyar
    yl},ajiz 9aww s-sams can beetna. The
    trees keep away sunlight from our
    house.

    l},ajz (v.n.) 1. reservation . ..::..l,..s.


    ~ ~ c;malt l},ajz? Have you made a
    reservation? ~ ..!.LJ .Y L. mafii lak
    IJ,ajz. You don't have a reservation. 2.
    seizure, confiscation. 3. separation.
    j-:'P"

    j~l li-J:z.jazz

    Arabia,
    Arabia).

    or,

    Hijaz (region in W.
    by extension, Saudi

    l$j~ J:z.jaazi
    p. -yyiin
    1. of,
    characteristic ofHijaz. 2. person from
    Hijaz or from Saudi Arabia.
    ?-"~

    l},aajiz p. j->.'ly IJ,awaajiz 1.


    divider. 2. partition. 3. (p . ..:r-?-~
    IJ,aajziin) having made a reservation,
    having reserved. ~ .}- ?-~ Lil 'aana
    baajiz gurufteen. I have reserved two
    rooms.

    J[

    c /:ljl
    ~

    bijil (more common var. beet).


    See under J 1,? r; by/.

    f" [

    /:ljm

    ba}im

    bulk, size, volume. ~

    ~ ~I

    l},ajim 1-IJ,ijra Cibiir. The


    room is of a large size. (,?111 ~'U ~
    l},ajm taanki 1-maay the volume of the
    water tank.

    titiC

    IJ.cc

    IJ,acc (..!..L; yl},icc) 1. to scratch.


    .!1..>- l}.acc 9hara. He scratched
    his back. 2. (with Js- cata) to scratch
    s.th. against s.th. else. Js- o...U,.,. ..!J>.
    o~~ IJ,acc yilda cata li-syara. He
    scratched his skin against the tree. 2.
    to itch. ~ '.? ~ 9ahri yl},icni. My
    back itches.
    o~

    ~I nl}.acc VII to become worn. y _,.;:)1


    ~~

    0-0oob nl},acc. The (man's) dress


    got worn.
    ~ IJ,acca (n. of inst.) p. -aat
    scratching. 2. itching.

    'itiC

    1.

    IJ.cy

    ~ IJ,ica (~ yl},aCi) 1. to tell,


    relate. ~_,k ~~
    ~ l},icaa-li
    IJ,caaya tawiila. He told me a long
    story. !d..L..a.ll J ~~ 'ii},Cii-li $-$idj!
    Tell me the truth! 2. to say, utter. JlS'
    ~ ~~J JL.. J.&.u caan gaacid
    saakit w-bacdeen l},ica. He was silent
    and then he said (something). ~
    ~ ,:ys- ..L..>.-IJ l},ica waayid can nafsa.
    He said a let about himself. 3. to talk,
    speak. l..i41J ~ bica wiyyaana. He
    talked to us. ~l,-)1 wl.J.-1 ,:ys- ~
    /:lica can /)laala s-siyaasiyya. He
    talked about the political situation.
    U41J ~ L. o.L .J ,;l.,:. $aar-la mudda
    ma yl},aCi wiyyaana. He hasn't been
    speaking to us for some time. L.c_b
    ~ ~ daayman yl},aCi caleek. He
    always runs you down . ._}
    .!l~i

    I2I
    ~j_,JI ~~.J 'abgaak ti/:lcii-li wiwa
    1-waziir. I want you to put in a good
    word for me with the minister.

    ~ /:lacca II to make s.o. talk, force


    s.o. to speak. ~4 ~i ~~J raayi/:1
    'a/:laccii b-1-ga.~b. I am going to make
    him talk by force.

    JL..>

    /:laaca III to engage s.o. in


    conversation, talk to s.o. ~ c,$'1.>J-ii.J L....J ~~ .!.11~ /:laaceeta can oaak
    s-sayy w-ma waafag. I talked to him
    about that thing and he did not agree.
    ~I>- f L. o...l.o J J L.,... ~aar-li mudda ma
    'a/:laaCii. I haven't been speaking to
    him for some time. o~l J
    l:zaacii-li-waa. Speak to him for me.
    ~I>- L... ~ ...:.4._..!:, cifta laakin ma
    l:zaaceeta. I saw him but I didn't speak
    to him.

    Jl...>-

    fl. tf:zacca V = ~ hica.


    Jl.J tl:zaaca VI to talk to each other.
    L...;.Uj!.J L___;,$'~ .J L.....;-4\.Z tgaabalna
    w-tl:zaaceena w-ttafagna.
    We met,
    talked to each other and came to an
    agreement. L,. ~_,1 o..Lo
    Jl....,p
    0_,5"'~ ~aar-lahum mudda tawiila ma
    yitl:zaacuun.
    They haven't been
    talking to each other for a long time.
    ~ J~ Lo JL>...J I.La haaoa
    rayyaal ma yit/:zaaca. mitkabbir. This
    is a man who cannot be talked to. He
    is arrogant.

    rA

    ~I nl:zica VII to be said, told. r.$lA


    0L... j .:r- ~I WL-JI haaoi s-saalfa
    nl;icat min zamaan. This story was
    told a long time ago. L... ~~~ I.La
    ~ haaoa l-kalaam ma yinl;iCi.
    These words cannot be said.

    ~ /:laCi I. talk, speech. L. fl1 l..i.A

    haaoa 1-/;laCi maa !'"a 'asaas.


    This talk is unfounded. ~ I.L.
    haaoa /;laCi. This is mere talk. 2.
    talking, speaking. o~I.J ~ ~ ~~
    1-/;laCi ma yinfac wiwaa. Talking
    doesn't do him any good.
    U""L...... i ..J

    ~~ /:lcaaya

    p. -aat tale, anecdote,

    story.
    ~~c

    l:zdb

    ~.b-

    /;lidba p. y...L.> /;lidab (less


    common var. '--1--l>- /:ldiba) I. hump,
    hunchback. (prov.) ~...\>- ~~} ~~
    ~.J ..:..o ~I l-biciir lo y{aafic /:tidbita
    nkisrat rgubta. (lit., "If a camel looks
    at its hump, its neck will be broken.")
    Do not overlook your own faults and
    be concerned with the faults of others.
    2. hill, sand hilltop.
    Y~

    l:zadab (adj.) p. -iin, y...l>-l:zudub


    humped, hunchbacked,hunchback. f
    4--l>- l:zadba. y...l>- ..:,~ J~ ~- J~ L.
    ma yigdar yamsi cadi! linna l:zadab.
    He cannot walk well because he is a
    hunchback.

    6 ~c l:zde
    1!.1~

    /:zida() (..:.....u; yl:zadi8) to take


    place, occur. J-:!)JI J.&- ..:_.J.j. .:.A.o.&-o:~
    ~ y.. y dacmaat t/:zadi8 caza !-tariig kill
    yoom. Car accidents take place on the
    road every day. ~..:...~ s-l:zida()?
    What happened? ~ ~...\>- L.o.&-J..ll
    r.$ .J'::-" \II 0\.J-:!J..ll d-dacma l:zdi8at yamm
    d-diiwaan l-'amiiri. The accident
    occurred near the Emiri Court.
    ~~ l:zadda() II to tell, relate to s.o.

    ~ .:.;-s- r.$ ~ ~ G..l>- l:zaddi8na ya

    122

    xooy can kastatkum.

    Talk to us, my
    dear friend, about your picnic. G..b(,>"~1 ~ )1

    .:_r l;zadda()na can 1-wa(ic

    s-siyaasi.

    He talked to us about the


    political situation.

    ..!JJ..J tl;zadda() V to speak, talk. ~~


    d.:...-.. _r.ll 'J y )-1 .:_r tl;zadda() can 1-l;zarb
    fi 1-boosna. He talked about the war in
    Bosnia. o..L.>...:l.l r fy1 .:_r ~~ tl;zadda()
    can 1-'umam 1-mittal;zda. He talked
    about the U.N.
    ~~ l;zadii() p. <.!:..:!~1>-i 'al;zaadii() 1.
    talk, speech. 2. Prophetic tradition,
    the sayings of the Prophet, Hadith.
    4i.)~

    talk,

    ml;zaada()a p. -aat conversation,


    discussion.

    ..

    r~l :JL__j~~

    ml;zaada()aat s-salaam

    peace discus-

    sions, peace talks.


    event, incident. J J-!

    ~~G-

    l;zaadi()
    l;zaadi() wafaa
    a death. r.J) ~~~>- l;zaadi() tazwiir a
    case of forgery. J::i ~~1>- l;zaadi() gatil
    a killing. J~l ~~G- J;zaadi() gtiyaal
    o\.; J ~~I>-

    c l;zdd
    ~

    to

    l;zadd

    (~yl;zidd)

    reduce,

    ~I

    1. (with._:r min)
    impede, hinder, curb.

    o..l....-!:. .:..,--

    .)~

    l;zaddad II 1. to limit, restrict.


    L-o JIJI ..::..~~ o)j_r-JI 1-wizaara
    l;zaddadat li-myaawama. The ministry
    limited per diem .. ~; ~c.;~ .J...IZ
    !l~..L$.: ..b-L....

    tigdar tsawwi s-ma triid.


    mal;zl;zad yl;zaddidk.
    You can do
    whatever you like.
    No one will
    restrict you. 2. to fix. ~}.1 .Jiy.~
    JL...JI .JY.i ~..b- diiwaan li-mwa(i(iafiin
    l;zaddad 'ujuur l_cummaal. The civil
    servant commission fixed the wages of
    workmen. 3. to schedule, set down,
    determine. ~L:J.I ..::..~...L.:>- ~pll o)jJ

    wazaarat
    t-tarbiya
    l;zaddadat
    1-manaahij. The ministry of education
    determined

    the syllabi .

    ..::..~L.. ~...L.:>

    ..l.$.: JL....-:JI

    He
    set the visiting hours. 4. to delimit,
    demarcate. ~0 J . ~ .J~ rj'J
    y _r ~ ~_,s:JIJ Jl_r-11 ~ ~ J..lJ-1
    ~I

    laazim ykuun fii lajna tl;zaddid


    li-bduud been li-craag w-li-kweet
    cugub l;zarb 1-xaliij. There must be a
    committee that demarcates the border
    between Iraq and Kuwait after the
    Gulf War.

    an assassination.
    .l.l

    the north of

    o.Jl:!)l l;zaddad saacaat z-ziyaara.

    ..!J.)l.> l;zaadi() p. ~~ly l;zawaadi() 1.

    boog a theft.

    north. Ajman lies to


    Sharja.

    s-samaali

    yl;zidd min siddat 1-gee(i. The northerly


    wind reduces the intensity of the heat.
    ..t..4J1 r...L._Aj .:.r- J,j. yl_r- fyl ..:;.. p ka(}rat

    .).)l.> l;zaadad III to border, adjoin. y

    . . ,. , rJ-1 .:..r-- ~~ ~~u ~ bu fiabi


    tl;zaadid dbayy min 1-januub. Abu
    Dhabi borders Dubai in the south.

    Too many (political) parties hinder the

    ...l::>-il)tadd VIII to be or become angry.


    ~ ~ H c.? J~iL... madri lees
    yil)tadd b-cajal. I do not know why he

    progress of the country. 2. to border,

    gets mad so fast. ~ .lli-::. o~ Lo

    be adjoining . .:..,-- ~ JL.!JI ..J.._j. 0L..:,.;:.

    ~ l_.. ~ .J~ ~rna Cinda Safaga.


    yil)tadd ca[a cyaa!a ca[a rna miiS. He

    l-'al)zaab tl)idd min tagaddum 1-balad.

    jl-!JI cajmaan tl)idd s-saarja min


    s-samaal. Ajman borders Sharja in the

    is not affectionate. He gets mad at his

    123

    kids for nothing.


    J....:>. };add p. .:. )...!.>- l;duud 1. border,
    boundary . .J_rjl .;r ..:..>I_;L.)'I .:.)...!.>- r.,?.i.J,.
    haaoi l;duud l-'imaaraat min s-sarg.
    These are the borders of the Emirates
    from the east. ~ U _,k -L4Ji .:. )..L.>.1--'#
    l;duud l-balad (uulha miiteen
    keelumitir. The borders ofthe country
    are two hundred kilometers long. 2.
    limit, end. .:. )...!.>- .J L. ........J, (amaca ma
    Ia l;duud His greed is limitless. Jl
    ..LJ-1 i...L.._., 'ila haaoa l-l;add to this
    extent. .!l..L.>- \..i.._., !~ kafa! haaoa
    l;addak. Enough! That's enough from
    you. _;.L..b G~ o..J.>. ~ ...:..a) waggafta
    cind l;adda linna (aaS. I stopped him
    right there, because he flared up in
    anger. 3. extent, degree. ~ ...!.>- J!
    'ila };add baciid to a considerable
    degree. ..L.>- J! 'ila f:zadd until, till, up
    to. r.,? p--S:Ji ~ J! ~ misa 'ifa f:zadd
    1-kubri.
    He walked as far as the
    bridge. J~ L.. ~ J! ...:.-l...o) 6.JU1
    1-mas'ala W$alat 'ila f:zadd ma ytaag.
    The problem reached an unbearable
    point. ..:r.,...J-1 ..L.J- ,._:r_.-Li ...!.>- J! 'ila f:zadd
    1-f:ziin, Ia f:zadd l-~1iin up to now, until
    now. ..:r.)-1 ..GL ....-:...i..:;, \.... rna cijta Ia ~zadd
    1-/:liin.
    I haven't seen him yet. 4.
    sharp edge. ~~ ..G- f:zadd s-sicCiin
    the edge of the knife. ..:_,.-:..b- y. ~
    seef bu f:zaddeen two-edged sword.

    o~ f:zidda

    intensity, severity. o~

    ~lf:ziddat l-gee9 the intensity ofthe

    heat.
    .)\~

    hdaad

    mourning . ..0...lil ..;.,L.

    ~ ~I..L....:l-1 l~iJ

    moat 1-malik

    w-'acfanaw li-f:zdaad cafee.

    The king

    died and they declared (a period of)

    mourning for him. _raA.jl l) .:.I..L.>- l)


    JJ.fii bdaadfi t-ga$ir ti-muddat
    subuuc. There is (a period of) mourning in the palace for a week.

    tr-"

    ..l.!~ l;adiid (coli.) iron, steel. s. o...I.,!..J.>.


    l;adiida
    piece of iron. l) .J.:.L....... .......;

    ~ r.,?_;.:.iL.) ..!.,!..Gli) ~ )_?:JI j.:.o 0~

    fii macaadin fi cajman mi8illi-kroom


    w-1-l;adiid w-ma dri s-bacad There
    are metals in Ajrnan, such as chrome,
    iron, and I do not know what else .
    O..l....!~ l;adiida
    piece of iron.

    p . ..J.....;I..J.>. l;adaayid

    ~l,w..

    l;addaad p. -iin blacksmith.


    ..:r.)- U. L.r-:! .:.I..Gll ._}.;...-.;. ugul
    1-l;addaadiin hall;iin muub sayy. The
    work of a blacksmith (or blacksmithing) nowadays is not much (i.e., it is
    not profitable).
    ~ y .r"

    o~l~ f:zdaada

    blacksmithing.

    ..l....!.~ taf:zdiid
    (v.n. from II .:.~
    f:zaddad) I. restriction. _;1.............. \;1 ...1.,!-l.i
    raf:zdiid 1-'ascaar
    price restnctiOn.
    ..!.,!..l.>...:.IL, b-t-taf:zdiid specifically. 2.
    demarcation. .:. J-L.....J-1 ~..li taf:zdiid
    li-f:zduud demarcation of the border.

    ~i 'af:zadd (elat.) 1. (with .:.r-" min)


    sharper than. ..!.l.:~ .:r ..J.>.i ~I <.?:u,
    haaoi s-sicCiin 'af:zadd min oiic. This

    knife is sharper than that one. 2. (with


    foil. n.) sharpest. ~ ..J.>.i I:U haaoa
    'af:zadd xanyar. This is the sharpest
    3. more or most intense,
    dagger.
    severe .
    ~~ f:zaadd

    xanyar f:zaadd
    ba$ar f:zaadd

    l. sharp, keen.~\..::...~
    sharp dagger.~\..::... .f""2-'.
    keen eyesight. -) ~G.

    I24

    0~ ljl.S" ..}J\11 0L.)! I) ._,..UI ~


    muc(Jam n-naas ji z-zamaan
    l-'awwali
    caanaw
    yistagluun
    l:zaddaagiin.
    Most people in olden
    times used to work as fishermen.
    ~ JJI .>"' !.\L-JIJ J..!.>.: JJI .>"' Ji..LJ-1
    ..:L......-.Ji 1-/:zaddaag huwa lli yl:zadig
    w-s-sammaac huwa lli ybW s-simac.
    A fisherman is the one who catches
    fish and a fishmonger is the one who
    sells fish.

    haadd ji $-$adir
    acute
    bronchitis. 3. fiery, vehement. ~
    .:.L...,.. tabca f:zaadd. He is hot-tempered.
    4. sour . .:.G. ~ )> {ursi f:zaadd sour
    pickles.
    .J..L_.,aji

    ~I..L:>-

    ~ JJ..S ma/:zduud (p.p. from ..l:>- /:zadd)


    limited, restricted, fixed. o.:. J..!-s! :iS" _r;.
    S:arika mal:zduuda limited company.
    .:. J..w:. C:L mablag maf:zduud limited
    sum of money. o.:. J..!-s! ~ kammiyya
    ma~Jduuda limited amount.

    ..) .l C

    )~ f:zadir
    I. below. .J..G- .s...::J:>j
    ga{!eeta ~wdir. I threw it below. 2.
    downstairs. .J..G- C I.J raal:z /:zadir. He
    went downstairs. .J..G- ~I l-maylis
    l:zadir. The living room is downstairs.
    (prov.) .)..G- ~ ..;_,....; ~ ciftak
    foog ciftak ~wdir. (lit., "I saw you
    upstairs; I saw you downstairs") applies to s.o. who does not change.
    -,$)~

    /:zadri (adj.; more common var.


    located lower or below.
    ~I _j-:--A)-1 l-l:zafiiz J-taf:zti the office
    below.
    ~ taf:zti)

    .lc

    ~~ l:zadiiga p. ~I..L:>- hadaayig


    garden. ..:_.,L_;I_r--J-1 ~..L:>- f:zadiigat
    l-l:zayawaanaat
    zoological garden,
    zoo.

    Mr

    bdg

    J~ bidag (J..U: yfladig) to catch


    fish, fish. ..1 y;-l~ ~ _~-.:.L,l~ J-li lS
    ~...UIJ Cinna nl:zadig b-l-miyaadiir
    yacni b-li-xyuu{ w-d-dijiij. We were
    fishing with lines, rods, and nets.
    J!~

    l:zdaag fishing, catching fish. ,y


    Ji..GL,):. ~ .J min ril:zna Ia yiina
    killa l:zdaag. From the time we went
    until we came back we were fishing
    the whole time.

    JI..L....;-- l:zaddaag

    p. -iin

    fisherman.

    (j .l

    c l:zdy
    ->.>...). t/:zadda V I. to challenge. Ji.JJ.
    o~IJ ...;....i .J! ~ ~i taf:zddaani 'a[cab

    bing-bong wiyyaa. He challenged me


    to play table tennis with him. 2. to
    defy, oppose, resist. 6.1-L c.S...L>...:j ':J
    !p-----tyl Ia titf:zadda sul{at l-'amiir!
    Don't defy the Emir's authority.

    ..) ~ C /:zOr
    J~

    l:zifJr (.J-8; yl:zafJir) to be cautious,


    be on the guard. !~I !.lb i f .J.i.-1
    'il:z(Jar min fJaak s-S:ux$1 Watch out for
    that guy. ! ._,_._L<Ji .:._,..-- .J.i...>-1 'il:z(Jar min
    c-calb! Beware ofthe dog.
    ).L;.. f:zaofJar II to

    warn, caution.
    JL.:,....lli !.lb .:._,..-- .:l.;.J.b- /:zafJfJartak min
    fJaak d-dajjaal. I warned you against
    that swindler.
    )j). t/:zafJfJar V to be careful, take care.
    .r.:~l i f .Jjj. t/:zafJfJar min s-siyaayiir.
    Watch out for cars.
    J.L;..

    /:zafJar

    caution, watchfulness.

    125

    JL..>.- )I .!II~ r:.r--- c.,? J~ ~..L> xaoeet


    !:zaoari min oaak r-rayyaal. I was on
    my guard against that man. J.i..?.
    b-l:zaoar cautiously.
    .r..jj. tal:z(jiir (v.n. from II J.b- l:zaooar)
    warning, cautioning.

    \J .j c l:zOJ
    J~ /:zioaf (J..i>.: yl:zaoif) 1. to throw,
    throw away, cast, hurl. ~I Jl...:.l:ziOafl-l:ziyar. He threw the rock.
    J~ l:zaof (v.n.) throwing, casting,
    hurling.
    J~~....,: ml:zaaoif p . ....A:!;,~ ml:zaaoiif
    rock or javelin thrower.
    \.; .j

    c l:zOJ

    J~ l:zioaf (JU yl:zaoif) to delete,


    omit, drop, take away. IL Jl...:.-1
    ~\....ij':lJI ,:.r--- _,k-..-JI 'il:zoif haaoa s-satir
    min l-'ittifaagiyya. Delete this line
    from the agreement. ~I l_,!.b- ._;..)
    ~~~ r:.r--- lees Mafaw 'ismak min
    1-liista? Why did they remove your
    name for the list? ..:..j.b- Wlll o)jJ
    Wl_r.ll u--- ~ J~ ~ .r.l... wizaarat
    1-maaliyyc ~uJifat malyooneen dirhim
    min 1-miizaaniyya. The ministry of
    finance cut out two million dirhams
    from the budget.
    J~ l:zaof(v.n.) removal, dropping.

    lijC

    My

    ~~\?-

    l:zaaoa III to parallel, run parallel


    to s.th . .ft!l:---JI JI..L.r ~I tJU. ~
    ~ (,.>.:.Li ji saaric s-seex l:zamdaan
    s-siyaayiir tl:zaaoi bacap. On Shaikh
    Hamdan Street cars parallel each
    other. }-" ~ a;L-,. Jl l:).i (,.>.:.8; J;!.,.kJI

    t-tariig yl:zaaoi 1-miina 'ila masaafat


    miyat mitir. The road parallels the port
    for a distance of a hundred meters.
    I~

    l:z(ja (prep.) near, close to, by .


    ~ ll...:.- J..L..ci.JI 1-fundug l:z(ja beetna.
    The hotel is near our house. c.,?l.b- ..uJI
    'igcid l:z(jaay. Sit by me! U.b- ~
    beetta l:zoaana. Her house is close to
    our house.
    ':?~~....,:

    ml:zaaoi (act. part. from III 0.:.\.:.l:zaaoa) parallel to, along. c.,?;,~ J<.;k.JI
    ~~ t-tariig ml:zaaoi s-siif. The road
    is parallel to the seashore.
    ~.;c l:zrb

    y Jl....>- l:zaarab III to fight, combat,


    battle against. Jl_ro.ll ...:-u\.:.- J 1 ~ ..1.>.-IJ
    ~I y .r 0 waayid duwal l:zaarabat
    li-craag fi barb l-xaliij. Many nations
    fought against Iraq in the GulfWar.
    1_,...... AI ~ J l_,uL:.- l:zaarbaw walaakin
    nhizmaw. They fought but they were
    defeated. M I J ~I y Jl..). a.... _,s.:..,l1
    li-l:zkuuma tl:zaarib l-fagir w-1-jahil.
    The government is fighting against
    poverty and ignorance (illiteracy).

    ~i J':ll J Y.JL>; ~1)1/i-mwaatniin


    yl:zaarbuunni
    linni 'aynabi.
    The
    citizens are giving me a hard time
    because I am a foreigner.
    Y J~ tl:zaarab VI to be engaged in
    war, fight each other. ~ 1,1 1 ly.}.i
    L
    o..L.o tl:zaarbaw wiyya baca{J muddat
    sana. They fought with each other for
    a year.

    l:zarb (f.) p. y ) r l:zruub, '-:-:!1?


    l:zaraayib 1. war, warfare. y )-1 ~ J
    ~ wigcat 1-l:zarb beenhum.
    War
    broke out between them. ~WI y )-1
    y

    126
    U _,~1 1-/:tarb [-caalamiyya 1-'awwala
    World War I. 2. fight, feud, combat.
    J4Qll 0:--1 y .r-=""' y fii barb been
    1-gabaayil. There is a feud among the
    tribes.
    ~.r f:tarbi
    p. -yyiin military,
    martial, warlike. ~.)-1 ~~1/-buuliis
    1-/:tarbi the military police. 4,.)-1 o)j)
    wazaarat 1-/:tarbiyya the war ministry.
    ~.)-1 ~~ l-kulliyya 1-/:tarbiyya the
    military academy.

    ~.r

    mi/:traab p.

    '-:-":!J~

    maf:taariib

    prayer niche (recess in a mosque


    indicating the direction of prayer).

    6.; C f:tr()
    ~~

    /:lira() (~ ~ y/:tariO) to plow.


    .r. 4 y Jf.) ..}>J ~I <J ~.fi yf:tar()uun
    1-'ar{J w-yizracuunha burr. They plow
    up the land and plant it with wheat.
    ~

    .r l:zar() (v.n.) plowing, tilling.

    ~~~

    mi/:traa()

    p ...:.-,u~ maf:taarii()

    plow.

    '[.J C /:trj
    ~~

    /:tiraj (r::_.fiy/:tarij) to embarrass

    s.o., put s.o. in a tight spot. ~


    ~~}I ii..L.,j ~ .r lees /:tirajtani

    jiddaam 1-muwa{J{Jafiin? Why did you


    embarrass me in front of the employees?
    ~r f:tarraj II 1. (with

    J.&- cala)

    persist in s.th. tJ..Li t.. _~-..UI

    to

    l.:# r::_.r

    ~I ~ _~-L.A>..

    f:tarraj ca[eena 1-mudiir


    ma nduux jigaayir ji 1-/:tafiiz. The
    manager insisted that we do not smoke
    in the office.

    ~~~ n/:tiraj VII to be embarrassed.


    ~) r'-Li c~' nl:ziraj jiddaam rifiija.
    He was embarrassed in front of his
    friend. Jlh c~l n/:tiraj b-su'aali.
    He was embarrassed by my question.
    [.~

    .,.

    f:taraj (v.n. from f:tiraj) embar-

    rassment.

    [.JC /:trj

    /:tarba p. -aat bayonet.

    yl~

    ~~i 'af:traj IV = r::_.r /:tiraj. ~ _ri


    ~ Jl~ 'af:trajtani b-lli gilta. You
    embarrassed me with what you said.

    [.~

    /:tarraj II (with

    cafa) to
    auction off. ~ <Jy. .fi c'.r Jr ~
    ~ al
    l,,....:-i_, i.....(...U l,....!.i fi suug
    l:zaraaj yf:tarrjuun ca[a 'asya gadiima
    w-'asya misracmala bacad. At the
    auction they auction off old things and
    new things too. c.r 'c..l-' J>- ..:..Jj
    t?l.... ~u ~I ~gilt /:tagg li-ma/:trrij,
    "barrij cafa 1-kirfaaya haaoi." I said
    to the auctioneer, "Auction off this
    bed."

    [.~ tbarraj V to be auctioned off.


    ~ ~ ly. )- ~ i.J _,':!.r(JI_, ~(JI_, _r-ll
    ~L.... l-meez w-1-kanaba w-1-karyoola
    killahum f ~wrrajaw ji nz1~~ saaca. The
    table, the sofa, and the bed wen" all
    auctioned off in half an hour.
    ~~~

    auctioning. r::_l.r Jr
    the market or place
    where auctioning takes place.

    f:taraaj
    suug f:taraaj
    ~~

    mf:tarrij p. -iin 1. auctioneer. 2.

    agent, broker.
    .J.J C /:trr

    Jr

    f:tarrar II 1. to liberate, set free.


    ~) J )J~ UL>.-':} \).,U.l....>.- j\_ij)il
    1-'afkaan jaahdav. lajil ybarriruun

    127

    wa{anhum.
    The Afghans fought a
    holy war to liberate their country. 2.
    to set free. 2. to edit, redact. Jfi ,:r
    ~o...l........;!_),-1 r..?~ man y/:larrir haaoi
    1-jariida? Who edits this newspaper?

    )_j. tf:zarrar V to be freed, be liberated.


    0L...j i f I)J~ ~_,....it) ~1[-cabiidfi

    'amriika t/:larraraw min zamaan. The


    slaves in America were freed a long
    time ago.
    y l f:ztarr VIII to be or become hot.
    ..!.1l..,;:.j i f ~.J..UI ~ .~_p-1/;tarreet.

    ba{{il d-diriisa min fat)lak. I am hot.


    Open the window, please. ~_p-1 1~1
    ~...l:501 ~ 'iOa l;tarreet saggil
    l-kandeesin. If you are hot, tum the
    air conditioning on.
    ~

    l;arr heat, hot weather. ..L>.IJ .}-1


    ~_,...)I l-l;arr waajid 1-yoom. It's very
    hot today. ~~ t) 0~ _;-=1-1 1-l;arr
    ykuun fi 1-geet). Hot weather is in the
    summer. ~ L::.i..UI d-dinya l;zarr. It's
    hot.

    ~ l:zurr p. Jr-i 'al;raar 1. freeman,


    not a slave. 2. free, living in freedom.
    o~i ~I ($_,........i ~ Lil 'aana l;urr.
    'asaw~i IIi 'abgaa. I am free. I do
    whatever I want. ~ o.r- ~~ .Y fii
    $a/:laafa l:zurra hini. There is free press
    here. 3. genuine, pure. ? ~~ oahab
    f:zurr pure gold. ~ .:_r--11>~ dihin /:lurr
    clarified butter. 4. (no recorded p.)
    peregrine, hawk, falcon.
    0~ /:larra jealousy. ~ ...:,.\.,.. o)-1
    ..l>-i)il-/:larra marraat tugtu/1-waa/:lid.

    Jealousy kills people sometimes.

    OJJ.r' l:zruura = .r-/:larr. oJJ? i.r-ll


    1-yoom /:lruura. It's hot today.

    4.t.r f:zurriyya freedom, liberty.


    r...r f:zariir (coli.) silk. s. .r-.r- ~
    gi(Cat f:zariir. 0~ lyU ,J'.L:.JI ~\...1.
    .r-.r- half:ziin n-naas gaamaw yilbisuun
    hariir. Now people have started to
    ~ear silk. (prov.) .r-.r- ~I~ 0!
    fr-"i _,.-::.~.&. ..:... _,.-::.~.&. 01J 'in libist 'ilbis
    f:zariir w-in caasart caasir 'amiir.
    Elegant appearance and good friends
    are both important. Aim high. (lit.,
    "When you dress, dress in silk, and
    when you crave company, accompany
    a prince.")
    o)l~ /:laraara

    1. temperature.

    2.

    fever.
    c:JI~ l;arraan p. -iin hot, perspiring,
    sweating. ~i J..)ji L.. \01_r- l..il 'aana
    l;arraan; ma 'agdar 'astagi/. I am hot;
    I cannot work.

    ~i 'al;arr (elat.) 1. (with ,:r min)


    hotter than . ...r-"i .:r _r->-i u~ll-yoom
    'al;arr min 'ams. Today is hotter than
    yesterday.
    2. (with foil. n.) the
    hottest. ~~ ~~i ~i 'al;arr 'ayyaam
    l-geet) the hottest days of the summer.

    .r,._j.

    tal;riir (v.n. from II .J.?" l;arrar)


    I. liberation, emancipation. ~I .r-.J.
    tahriir [-cabiid the emancipation of
    slaves. 2. editing. ;~I .r-...L.o mudiir
    t-ta/:lriir editor-in-chief.
    )~ l:zaarr

    I. hot. ~~ cj JL.- lybl


    1-hawa /:laarr fi 1-geet). The weather is
    hot in the summer. JG- ........,,J raasa
    l:zaarr. He is hot-tempered. 2. strong,
    hot, biting. JL>. ~ ,b {ursi /:laarr hot
    pickles. JG- .:.;u titin /:laarr strong
    tobacco.

    il

    I'
    I

    128
    J~ ml:zarrir (act. part. from II .J?
    l:zarrar) 1. liberator, emancipator. 2.

    ~..""J~ !:zaari~ p . ...r'..r-l:zara~, ...r>'..r/:zirraa~ guard, watchman. ~l..:.,.ll ...r'.Jb-

    editor.

    /;laari~

    J~

    li-bnaaya the watchman of the


    building. <...r" )i ...r'.Jb- /;laaris 1-marma
    the goalkeeper, goalie.

    p. -iin 1. eman2. liberal-minded. ~L..:L-1

    mitl:zarrir

    cipated.

    .J~ Jl.:li/-l:zaakim 1-l:zaali mit/:zarrir.

    The present ruler is liberal-minded.


    o~ .J~ _r-JJ> huwa mit/:zarrir
    b-tajkiira.
    He is emancipated (or
    liberal-minded) in his thinking.

    '

    ~.JC l:zr~

    I. to guard,
    watch. r-j)l ~ .J_,.-fi ~~ ~ fii
    jnuud yl:zar~uun beet 1-waziir. There

    are soldiers guarding the minister's


    house. 2. to protect, keep, preserve.
    ..:...I.Jl,...-- ~ .Jl.S' ~I o)..:...... ~I..UJ I.JJ

    "-----" _1. wara w-jiddaam sayyaarat


    .f-.feex caan fii saayaaraat t/:zar~a. In
    front of and behind the Shaikh's car
    there were cars protecting him . .it
    !.!.l...ofi 'a!!a yl:zar~ak! God keep you!

    ~~ tf:zarra~ V (with .y min) to be on


    one's guard (against), be wary (of).
    J L.>..)I l..i.J. i f ...r'_). tf:zarra~ min haaoa
    r-rayyaal. Be wary of this man.

    vPylf:ztiras VIII= V ...r'_). tf:zarra~.


    I. guard, watch.

    .....OIJ

    ...r'.r waagif/:zara~ standing guard. 2.


    escort,
    guard, detachment guard.
    r.? _r.:---- ~I ...r'_;-=i-1 1-J;ara~ 1-'amiri the

    Emiri guard. ~_,JI ...r'~I 1-l;ara~


    1-wa{ani the national guard.

    L,.,l.r J;raasa 1. guarding, watching.


    2. guard duty. ~I a...,..:.l? o...L:&- r_,?yi

    'uxuuy cinda

    '(

    ~.JC /:lr~
    ~..""~ /:lira~

    .r- /:lira~ (...r'fi y!:zari~)

    vP~ f:zaras

    ~..""J~ ma/;lruu~ (p.p. of ...r'..r- /:lira~)


    guarded, safeguarded ..:r-j ...r'J_r _,...aill
    1-ga~ir ma/;lruu~ zeen. The palace is
    well-guarded.

    J;raa~a

    1-leela.

    brother has guard duty tonight.

    My

    (...r> ~

    y/;lari~) (with~

    cafa) to be concerned (with), be intent


    (upon). t)r:JI a.;\1.; ~ ...r'_). ._..
    li-/;lkuuma
    ti/;lri~
    cafa na9aafat
    .f-.fawaaric.
    The government is

    Pt

    concerned with the cleanliness of the


    streets. J~ ~_; ~ ...r'_r-i 'a/;lri~ ca[a
    tarbiyat cyaa/i. I am concerned with
    the upbringing of my children .
    ~ ~ /;lir~

    (v.n.) dedication, concern.


    ~ ':1) \It ~_; ~ ...r'.r- /:zir$ ca[a tarbiyat
    l-'awlaad dedication to the upbringing
    of children. ~I ~ ...r'.r- /:tir$ ca[a
    .f-.fugul dedication to work.
    ~? /:tarii$
    p. -iin concerned,
    dedicated. ~\s. '-' ~ ~ ~..r
    /:tariiJ cafa .faraf caayilta concerned
    about the honor of his family. ~..r

    ~~.J~ ~

    /:zarii$

    cata draasta

    dedicated to his studies.

    d' ~i 'al:zra~ (elat.) 1. (with i f min)


    more concerned than. 2. (with foll. n.)
    most concerned.

    '"~.JC l:zr~
    vPr
    /:lira$

    (,_;P ~ yl:zari$) to be
    stingy, niggardly, miserly.
    ...r'.r
    0~\ \.jl,6.&. l..o . .:1\p\/:zirQ$ CQ/Q t-tarraad.

    Js-

    I29

    ma cataana-yyaa.
    He was stingy
    about the motorboat. He did not give it
    to us. ~ ~~~ ~ J.J ~uP~ ~
    ~.JJ.r<JI

    Ia tl:zari$ ca[a ruul:zak b-ha


    1-'asya 9-9aruuriyya.
    Don't stint
    yourself on these necessities. uP.). ~
    .;1;J~f. L;,)s. Ia tl:zari$ ca[eena
    b-ziyaartak.
    Don't be stingy with

    words? I did not say that.

    ~I nl:ziraf VII to deviate, digres~,

    turn away. ~~ ~)a.ll


    ated from the right path .

    J .J->1 btirafVIII to practice s.th. as a

    l:zarii$ p. -iin
    miserly. 2. stingy person.

    do s.th. professionally.

    ....,-.....:!.J..dl ...;, .J-->-1 l:ztiraf t-tadriis. He

    d' .r l:zir$ (v.n.) stinginess.


    ~.r

    .:.rs-...;,~I

    nl:ziraf can t-tariig $-$a/:ziil:z. He devi-

    profession,

    your visits to us.

    made teaching his profession.


    I. stingy,

    ~ .b.J C l:zrtm

    J ~ barf p. J Jr bruuf letter (of


    the alphabet). J.?: ...;, r ~\5J-\ ~
    l:zica li-l:zcaaya barf b-l:zarf He told the

    .r

    ~
    l:zar{am (~fi yl:zartim) I. to
    mutter, grumble, growl. . J...~;:. ~ Lo
    i')\5:J~
    fi ma yitkallam cadi/.
    yl:zar{im b-1-kalaam. He doesn't talk
    2. to chatter,
    well.
    He mutters.
    prattle. ~fi a.&.\...... .J .JL.o $aar-la saaca
    yl:zartim. He has been chattering for an
    hour.

    r--1'

    LcJ,
    talk.

    ma gilt haaoa. Why did you distort my

    .r

    l:zar{ama (v.n.) chatter, idle

    Jlyl l:ztiraaf (v.n. from VIII J _pi


    btiraf) professionalism.

    J jJ- mil:ztarif (act. part. from VIII


    ...;, .J-->-1 l:ztira.f) p. -iin professional.
    ...;, j..>

    o_?' ~~ laacib kuura mil:ztarif

    professional soccer player. ~"j....


    J ~ mulaakim mil:ztarif professional
    boxer.

    ~.JC brg

    ~ _r! ml:zartim

    p. -iin

    chatterbox,

    prattler.

    l:t.J C l:zr9

    Jl' r l:zarra9 II to incite, provoke, stir


    up. yl~)'l ~ 6..:)pJ1 ._,Pr 1:zarra9
    1-kuuliyya cafa l-'i9raab. He incited
    the coolies to strike.
    Jl' ~ ml:zarri9

    (act. part.)

    p. -iin

    instigator, inciter.

    J.JC l:zrf
    J ~ l:zarraf II to distort, twist,
    misconstrue. Lo L._j\ ~1/'"j.S'..:.,..; r .r.J
    .I~~

    story word for word.

    lees l:zarraft kalaami? 'aana

    J ~ l:zirag (J ~ yl:zarig) I. to burn


    s.th. ~..UI ,:.r-s- ~ iL...;ll 0 _,.....;fi
    yl:zarguun
    1-madiina.

    li-xmaam

    baciid

    can

    They burn the garbage far


    away from the city.~~...:,..;r o}.Q.i:-1
    1-jigaara l:zrigat yaddi. The cigarette
    burned my hand. ..:,_JI 0;fi V' J..L:.J.I
    1-hindoos yl:zarguun 1-mayyit. The
    Hindus cremate the dead. ~ J ..r>"
    l:zirag gafbi. He exasperated me. He
    burned me up. (lit. "He burned my
    heart.") 2. to sting, smart. o~ .JY
    ._j.). o..L.....:! ~LA J cawwar yadda
    w-ha//:ziin yadda tl:zarga. His hand was

    130
    injured, and now his hand stings. ~
    w ...:....U Ja-L:I,.I ceen
    1-yaahi/
    gaamat
    tl:~arga
    min
    s-saabuun. The child's eye started to
    sting from the soap.
    .Jy.~l .:r-"

    .J.

    J ~ tbarrag V to be consumed (by


    emotion), eat one's heart out. ~
    a..__.;,1;_,.II ~ J ~ ~J fannasoo
    w-bacda yit/:lrrag cala 1-wapiifa. They
    laid him off and he is still eating his
    heart out over the job.
    Jj\=""1 /:ltirag VIII I. to catch fire, burn,
    burn up. L.#' ..:...i~~ r---+' J-LI>
    /:lduumhum btirgat killaha.
    All of
    their clothes caught fire. ~I J r l
    .......lS"" /:ltirag !-beet killa. The whole
    house burned. J ~Lall ~ J p, ~
    ;;.;.__.. _r.ll ga/bi yibtarig cafa li-m$aabtin
    ji 1-boosna. My heart bleeds for the
    casualties in Bosnia. 2. to burn out.
    J r l ..:...,lll/-leet IJtirag. The light bulb
    burned out.

    rJ-i.T" IJ,ariig p. J:!l.r-- /Jiraayig (more


    common var. bariij) fire, conflagration. .U? J .!l--]1 J .J--"

    J J:!?

    ...,.._.:;.

    ..15""' sabb bariij ji suug s-simac w-briga


    ki/la. Fire broke out in the fish market
    and burned it up, all of it.
    J~ ml}arrag
    (usually J_,JI
    li-mal}rrag)
    Muharraq
    (city in
    Bahrain).

    JJ~ mal}ruug (p.p. from J.r-- birag)

    I. burned, charred, burned up.


    irritated, burned up. ~ J J? ~

    s-dacwa ga!bak ma!Jruug?

    2.

    ;;y-J..';..

    What are

    you burned up about? 3. burned out.

    J )_r:.

    ..:.-:J

    light bulb.

    /eel ma/Jruug burned out

    .d.;c /:Irk

    !Jf" barrak II 1. to move s.th., set s.th.


    in motion, operate. . ~~ ~ !.I?
    f:zarrik nafsak
    swayya. xa(ni 'acuuf t-talajizyoon.
    Move yourself a little. Let me watch
    TV. ~j_,...... .J_,.ll !l.J......; rU tear/ tbarrik
    1-bawarhooz? Do you know how to
    operate the powerhouse? !JL.. !l.J. 'Y
    Ia tf:zarrik saakin! Let sleeping dogs
    lie! JL... 'Y) !.1? \...) ..W gicad w-ma
    f:zarrak wala saakin. He sat down and
    never lifted a finger. 2. to start s.th.,
    get s.th. started. JI..UI !.I .r--i .J..lii \... rna
    'agdar 'af:zarrik d-daaw. I cannot start
    the dhow.
    3. to incite, stir up,
    provoke. ly._rPi .:;:! 4 _,s:J1 !.Ifi ~ pall
    yf:zarrik 1-kuuliyya teen 'a(Jrabu. He
    continued to stir up the coolies until
    they went on strike.
    .:; j-:!jAl.:.ll .....; _,.....!-f ~

    !J~ taf:zarrak V 1. to move, stir,


    budge. !!.I~ 'Y Ia tit/:zarrak! Don't
    move!
    Stand still! .:.r .:;_,.;LS; :.'Y}~I
    . .\....) ,)_,...s~ L..o ,) )~ .:;:J .r-+-" .)...l..o
    l-'awlaad yxaafuun min mdarrissum.
    leen yigicduun rna yitf:zarrakuun 'abad.
    The children fear their teacher. When
    they sit down, they never move (out of
    their places). 2. to get moving, start
    moving. !.;;,14 !.I.). tiJarrak ya!!a! Get
    moving!
    3. to leave, depart. uP WI
    ...::...-... ~L..JI ~I .:.r--- !.1 ~ 1-paa$
    yit/Jarrak min 1-ma!Jatta s-saaca sitt.
    The bus leaves the station at six
    o'clock.

    4. to be agitated, be excited.

    ~ ru) )ill JL.;; ~ _rL.:...o 6


    t/Jarrakat

    masaacra

    1-manpar w-gaam yibCi.

    leen

    _).
    caaf

    He was

    excited when he saw the scene and

    131

    started to cry.

    tS'.r- l;araka 1. movement, motion.


    u .r- oLJ L... .JL.. ~ J-S kill sayy
    saakin. rna fii l)araka. Everything is
    quiet. There is no movement. 2.
    activity. l) u .r- oLJ L...
    ~ j5'
    J_,_...JI kill sayy gaali. mafii l)arakafi
    s-suug. Everything is expensive. There
    is no activity in the marketplace. 3.
    traffic . .JJ_,..ll U .r- l)arakat 1-muruur
    traffic. 4. social movement. ~~i :iS".rl)araka 'adabiyya literary movement.

    .Ju

    !.I~ ml)arrik (act. part. from II !.\ .rl)arrak) I. instigator, trouble-maker,


    stirrer. 2. (p. -aat) motor, engine.

    !.I~ mitl)arrik (act. part. from V


    !.l ~ tl)arrak) 1. moving. :iS"~ .JY
    $UWar mitl)arrka motion pictures. 2.
    having left or departed. !.\ ~ ...:.; r.LJ:.I
    ~L........ ~ 1-ja/buut tl)arrak gabil saaca.
    The jolly-boat left an hour ago.
    ~.JC l)rm

    ~ biram (~ fi yl)arim) I. to deprive,


    dispossess, take away s.th. !.11 0\....1 l)
    !.;.1.::;~ .:.;--- L. ~ ':i fi maan illaa! Ia
    til)rimna min ooftak.
    Goodbye!
    Don't deprive us of seeing you.

    ~ JS' .:.;--- L+"? '~ maskiina,


    biramha min kili .Sayy. Poor thing, he
    has deprived her of everything. r-+' .r~1 j ~ .:.;--- f:taramhum min oof
    1-ji/im. He prevented them from seeing
    the film. 2. to exclude, cut off. ~
    ..:..OI_r.-ll .:_;-- ..:L, I i _ri ..!J...; I i ')\._....,~I f) idd
    1-'islaam 'innak !/:tarim 'ibnak min
    1-miiraa(}. It's against (the teaching
    of) Islam to exclude your son from the
    inheritance. 3. to enter into the state

    of ritual consecration during pilgrimage. (See ~l.r-l 'il)raam below).

    r~

    l)arram II 1. to forbid s.th.,


    declare s.th. unlawful. ~ _,...;-- (J.__., '11
    ?I y _,........:;. /- 'islaam l)arram surb
    1-xamir. Islam has forbidden the
    drinking of wine. 2. (with Js- cafa) to
    forbid s.o. 4-6= J ~ ~ ~ .r- ~ y.i
    'ubuuha
    l)arram
    cafeeha tikSif
    weehha. Her father ordered her not to
    uncover her face. 3. (with Js- cafa +
    ~ nafs) to deny oneselfs.th., abstain
    from s.th. ~}I .......-A.i Js- ~.r- l)arram
    cafa nafsa 1-winsa. He denied himself
    having a good time. He abstained from
    pleasure.

    r~I

    J4>--

    nl)iram VII to be deprived.


    L,..::.i i f ly ~I yihhaa/i nl)irmaw
    min 'asya waayda. My kids were deprived of many things. i f ly _).1 J--:)
    ~~~ j ~ lees nl)irmaw min soof
    1-jilim? Why were they prevented
    from watching the film?
    o..L...>.-IJ

    ry l

    l)tiram VIII to respect, esteem.

    ~ _r.--S""i ~I rJ.>= \j':i .JL.i'11-'insaan

    laazim yil)tirim illi 'akbar minna.


    People ought to respect those who are
    older than they. !~ ~ ~ ~ j':i
    laazim tif:ttirim nafsak!
    Be selfrespecting!

    r~ /:taram (no recorded p.)

    I. sacred,
    holy thing (e.g., place, possessions,
    etc.) i }-1!-/:taram the holy mosque in
    Mecca. ~.r=JI ~ _,...,ll l-f:taram s-sariif
    the Holy Sanctuary in Jerusalem
    (known as the Dome of the Rock and
    the Al-Aqsa Mosque).
    ~}-1 1-f:tarameen

    the two holy

    132

    r'r!

    mosques in Mecca and Medina. ~~


    ~.)-1 Oaa/i() 1-harameen the third
    holy mosque (i.e., the one in
    Jerusalem). 2. (with foil. n.) wife.
    r--6:. r? l;aramjaasim Jasim's wife.

    'il;raam state of ritual consecration, during which a Mecca


    pilgrim wears two seamless linen
    sheets and abstains from sexual
    intercourse.

    L ~ burma
    p. ~? l;ariim I.
    woman, lady. U"J~ ..!.1.--JI J.J-"

    r'Y'

    ~? J ~L..:.,. .J

    suug s-simac matruus


    riyaayiil w-l;ariim. The fish market is
    full of men and women. 2. wife.
    JY...,. ....::,_., ~6:. ~? l;urumti yaabat
    sitt yihhaal. My wife gave birth to six
    children.

    r'r

    l;araam forbidden, prohibited


    (opp. J')\...:... l;alaal). r'r ~I y _;;,
    surb 1-xamir l;araam. Drinking alcoholic drinks is forbidden. r'.r- c.:r.' 'ibin
    l;araam p. r'.r-> .: . ~ Jl w/aad l;araam
    illegitimate son, bastard. f. rl.r- ~
    bini l:zaraam, p. r l r ..;..,~ banaat
    f:zaraam. !~ r l r l:zaraam cafeek!
    Shame on you! You must not do that.
    rl? JL.. yl:! yaakil maa/l:zaraam. l-Ie
    is dishonest. He cheats. (lit. "He eats
    forbidden property.").
    rl_r=l-1 ~I
    !-beet 1-/:laraam the Kaaba. ri.J-1 ~~
    s-sahar 1-baraam the Holy Month,
    Muharram.
    ~~

    f:zariimi
    characteristic of
    women, for women. ~.r- ~~_,.,.,.
    juwaati f:zariimi women's shoes.
    !Ju,r l)irmaan
    I. deprivation,
    bereavement. ..:..r--- ~~ IJ J ~
    JL.....)-1 yif$arraf ha s-sikil min
    1-/:zirmaan. He behaves in this manner
    because of deprivation. 2. exclusion.
    ...!.JJ ':/I ,:r JL....)-1 1-l)irmaan min 1-'ir(}
    exclusion from inheritance. 3. excommunication (in Christianity).

    l:ztiraam (v.n. from VIII r..J->1


    l;tiram) respect, regard, esteem. J..~.&
    !rl.}->'4 U"L01 caamil n-naas b-/:ltiraam!
    Treat people with respect! rl...i'->" ~I
    y .,...ll:z.-- li-/:ltiraam matfuub. Respect is
    required. rl_}-->-1 ~ b-kill l;tiraam
    with all due respect.
    L.o\~1/Jtiraaman

    out of respect. I_,.Ai J


    ~~ L....olrl wigfaw l;tiraaman
    1-1-l;aakim.
    They stood up out of
    respect for the ruler.

    rJ~ mal;ruum (p.p. from r.r-/:liram)


    deprived, bereaved.

    r~

    ml;arram (p.p. from II rr


    barram)
    1. forbidden, interdicted.
    r.r> )L-Q.ll ..,_..J [icb li-gmaar mbarram.
    Gambling is forbidden . .r-.rJ--1
    yi
    r""j._., 'il cJ r.;--> 'akil labam 1-xanziir
    mbarram ji 1- 'islaam. Eating pork is
    forbidden in Islam. 2. Muharram (first
    month of the Islamic calendar).

    r!-

    rf- mi}J.rirn p. -iin Mecca pilgrim in a


    state of rl..r-1

    'i~1raam.

    r~

    mul:ztaram p. -iin respected,


    esteemed. V'UI 0:! r?- pJJI d-daxtar
    mu/:ltaram been n-naas. A medical
    doctor is respected among the people.

    t,j..) 'C l:zry


    4.S ~ tl:zarra V (with .:_;-s- can) to
    investigate. ~ ~ J ~ ~ j-.;i
    ~ J )~ rj~ 4.k _rjl gabilla tl:za~~il

    wa{iiifa

    ft.

    s-sirta laazim yitl:zarruun

    133

    canna/c.

    Before you get a job in the


    police department, they will have to
    investigate you. o.r.--!-- -J'Y ~ 0J~

    yitl:zarruun

    canna

    linna

    ,.,j 'C }J,zm


    p. rj->" }J,izim 1. belt,
    girdle, waistband. 2. supporter. .rA
    -4I..L:.ll ~J ~ ~i ~~l..r- huwa
    ~~~

    masbuuh.

    }J,zaam

    They are investigating him because he


    is a suspect.

    }J,zaami;
    'actimid
    ca[ee
    wagt
    s-sadaayid.
    He is my supporter; I

    ~~ tal:zarri (v.n.) p. -yaat


    investigation. 2. inquiry, check.

    depend on him in distress.

    I.

    ~.ic /:zzb

    u.ic

    /:zzn
    IJ~ }J,izin (0 ~ y}J,azin) to be sad,
    grieved. cj .kA......... <1..-il J ~ ~ 0 ;->-

    ~r
    /:zizib p. yl;->-i 'al:zzaab I.
    political party. ~~ cj ~ L. yl..r-i
    'a/:zzaab rna miis fi 1-xaliij. There are
    no political parties in the Gulf area. 2.
    faction, group, clique. y ;->- .:.r- ..:.-.,ji
    ~.r.:----\11 'inta min /:zizb l-'amiir? Do you
    belong to the Emir's clique? Are you
    one of the follower's of the Emir?

    that he failed the examination. 2. to


    mourn, be in mourning. ~ ..:.-.,j ..r~ ~ yb,. _; }J,iznat ca[a rajilha
    xams siniin.
    She mourned her
    husband for five years. 0 j>" J ..;...L. o..U)

    ~?

    ...L.>.-IJ ~ wilda maat w-}J,izan ca[ee

    /:zizbi

    p. -yyiin factional, party

    (adj.) ~..r- _;Wi 'afkaar /:zizbiyya


    party ideas. ~..r- ;;~.r jariida
    /:zizbiyya party newspaper.

    U..) (j ,j 'C

    l:zzyrn

    IJI_r..? J:zaziiraan June (month).

    ,j,jr:, /:zzz
    a~

    l;zazza

    time.

    o;-..;ll

    p. -aat time, appointed


    U. hal-l:zazza now. ~o ..r- l?i
    'ayya l;zazza? When? What time? cj
    0_;.J-1 ~~ fi oiic 1-l;zazza at that time.
    (.;)1 o..r- l;zazzat z-zaric the time when
    are planted. .w..r- l,S"L haaoi
    hazzata. This is the appointed time of
    his arrival.
    seeds

    Ojl~ l:zzaaza

    waayid. His son died and he mourned


    him for a long time.
    IJp
    s.o.

    l:zazzan II to make s.o. sad, grieve


    J ..r- _;I)JI )2.:..- man{Jar t-tarraar
    l:zazzanni. The sight of the beggar
    made me sad. u-L.:.ll 0~ ._r-S)I ..;.... y
    ...L_:,.IJ moot r-ra'iis l;zazzan n-naas
    waayid. The death of the president
    grieved the people a lot.

    IJ
    }J,izin (v.n. from 0 j->" }J,izin)
    sorrow, sadness, grief.

    IJ

    p. -iin, d.....jl..r- hazaana


    mournful, grieved.

    l:zaziin

    IJU? l;zaznaan

    p. -iin in mourning.

    ~ ~l..r- ~~ 0L. j i f _;. y ~ y.i


    'ubuuhum tawaffa min zamaan. Ia
    bacadhum l;zaznaaniin ca[ee. Their
    father died a long time ago. They are
    still in mourning.
    0

    enmity, hatred. Jl:All

    ~ o);->- ~ . 0 ~ J~

    yithaawsuun.

    }J,izin leen ciraf 'inna saga{fi


    1-'imtil:zaan. He was sad when he knew
    0L>..::.. 'YI

    1-gabaayil
    fii /:lzaaza beenhum.

    The tribes are quarreling with one


    another. There is enmity among them.

    134

    ,J,j C

    QZW

    I.S j ~ Qaaza III 1. to tell a fairy tale,

    tell stories. ':J ~ J4J,.I c..j}-_j. ~\.~


    0 J.G .r- daayman tQaazi 1-yihhaa/ gabil
    Ia yarigduun. She always tells stories
    to the children before they fall asleep.
    2. to ask s.o. a riddle, quiz s.o. ~1}>
    JWI ~ ~ L.. ~ baazaani b-sayy
    rna yxatir cafa /-baa/. He asked me a
    riddle about something you'd never
    think of.
    1_;...:-- bzaa p. c.? Jlr- bazaawi 1. story,
    anecdote. 2. fairy tale. 3. nursery
    rhyme.

    Jr

    0
    bazwa p . ..:.,~lr- bzaayaat
    (more common var. o.JJ} fazzuura p.
    _,...:)_,; fawaaziir) riddle, puzzle. ~
    0L,a...J ~ cJ ~.:ll)i ,:.,--- ;.)} simact
    fawaaziir min r-raadyo ji sahar
    rum{Jaan. I heard riddles on the radio
    during the month of Ramadan.
    ~u.uc bsb
    ~

    Qisab (ybasib) 1. to compute,


    calculate, count. ~IJL.:,. _ri.j ~ ...:....~~,...
    l;isabt cam nafar yaw? Did you count
    how many people came? '-:----'"'-:?~I .UJ~ bisab ma:;ruufa S.-sahri.
    He calculated his monthly expenses.
    ~ .J.:l ~ ~\.j J \.j J ._,..}.G.JI ~ bisab
    li-fluus w-gaal naag:;iin miyat dirhim.
    He counted the money and said it was
    one hundred dirhams short. 2. to
    consider, deem, think. ...........,jj ~
    JL....:,..J ybasib nafsa rayyaal. He
    considers himself a man. ~ i l..i I
    ~I.J>'"l.:.r- ..L>-IJ 'aana 'absibk waabid
    min 'ixwaani. I consider you one of
    my brothers. y...!JI ly.:l Jll .y ~~

    011 ~WI 'ibsiba min illi dassu s-sugu/


    s-saaca ()amaan. Count him as one of
    those who came to work at eight.
    yl->- ~ Qisab bsaab to take s.o.
    or s.th. into account or into consideration, attach importance to s.o. or s.th.
    yl-....>. ..J ~ L.. ~ l...i....,., haaoa
    sayyin rna Qisabt-la bsaab. This is
    something I haven't taken into
    consideration. ~ ~L-:.- ~ ~ j':J
    o.Jl,...-)1 c.?~ ':J /aazim tbasib bsaabak
    gabil Ia tistiri s-sayyaara. You have to
    take everything into account before
    you buy the car. yl-:.- ~ ~1-:l
    j.<ll daayman ybasib bsaab
    1-mustagba/. He always considers the
    future. yl->- ......;..Ji .J ~ Qisabt-la
    'a/f Qsaab. I took into consideration
    every little thing about him. 3. to
    price . .!.lJ ~i ,J_r-;LI c.?~ 1~1 J-j
    ~ .J.:l L;:Al~ (L....::ll zeen. 'ioa tistiri
    li-byuul, 'absib-lak 1-xaatim b-'a/feen
    dirhim. Fine. If you buy the bracelets,
    I will sell you the ring for two
    thousand dirhams.
    ~

    bassab II 1. to think, consider.


    c:) ~ ~ L.. rna Qassabt
    yinjab ji 1-'imtihaan. I did not think he
    would pass the examination. .U _,...;;.;
    .....,.~~ ~ ccuuja thassba xunjus. If
    you look at him, you will think he is a
    Beatie. 2. to be or become apprehensive, anxious. .JL..i c:) ._,..}.G.JI ! ~ ':J
    Ia t~wssib! li-fluus fi 'amaan. Don't be
    apprehensive! The money is safe.
    ,)~':JI

    1..:--"l>- baasab III 1. to call to account,


    ...,.........~ 11
    ask for an accounting.

    J5'

    ...L..>-IJ 'a!!a yl;zaasib kill waa/:zid. God

    calls everyone to account. Jll c.?~

    135
    ~~ ...l...>-i ~ L... !o~ ysawwi IIi
    yibgaa; ma miis 'al)ad yl)aasba. He

    does whatever he wants; there isn't


    anyone to call him to account. 2.
    (with .)s- cala) to hold s.o. responsible
    for s.th. o~_, o~ J-S J; ~L>
    l)aasabni cala ki/1 $Ogiira W-cfbiira.

    He held me responsible for every


    3. pay the bill. jS\11 ~
    detail.
    ...:J .r-' J ~I ~1...1 ~L> cugb 1-'aki/
    f:zaasabt raaci 1-matcam w-sirt. After
    eating I paid the restaurant owner the

    bill and left.


    "':-"~ tl:zaasab VI to settle a mutual
    account. ...,__....~ ..L..Jo..4j L...;1.:. xa{fna
    nagcid nitl)aasab. Let's sit down and
    settle accounts . ...._;-:; ol:!l_, "-:--"~ (.J.J
    !.!..l.:Js. ~ ruul:z tl:zaasab wiyyaa linna
    l:zica cateek! Go settle with him
    because he talked about you. ~~

    ...,_l.bJI_, uP _ro.ll l)asab 1-car(J w-t-talab.


    according to supply and demand.
    ~ l)asb-ma (conj.) according to
    what..., depending on how .... L..:-->~; l)asb-ma triid according to what
    you want. J ;S-i ~ l)asb-ma carf
    as far as I know. L..:-->- .?~ 41

    .J.r---J~
    1-ciid baaCir l:zasab-ma
    yguuluun. The feast day is tomorrow,

    according to what they say.


    Y~ l)saab I. arithmetic . ._,...J..JJ (' j':t
    yL..J-1:; ~ ..:-...;i .pi laazim
    tidris 'akOar. 'inta {Jaciif fi li-l:zsaab.

    You have to study harder. You are


    weak in arithmetic. 2. count, score.
    yL...J-1 ..!.L--1 ...r-1 ...::.....ii 'inta bass 'imsik
    li-l:zsaab. You just keep score . .JI L.
    Y~ ma 'ila l:zsaab
    countless, in-

    numerable.

    ~I L... ......A...a.ll I...Lo.:; :.';;)';;I

    li-wlaad fi haaoa $-$aff rna


    'ilhum bsaab. The kids in this class
    are innumerable. 0 J~ ._,..~~ 0 )J~
    yL........>. ygazzruun li-fluus b-duun
    l:zsaab. They spend money foolishly

    ~) "-:---:>-

    and blindly. 3. account, bank account.

    J5"' {) tl:zaasabna w-tamm

    ~ ~
    kill sayy Ca/a

    We settled
    accounts and everything ended well.
    xeer.

    l:zasab noble descent. ,y l.;# L.


    rna caleena min l;asaba
    w-nasaba.
    We have nothing to do

    yL-,...

    ~~I .;, yl->- .!.\~ cindak bsaab fi

    with his esteemed, noble family.

    /-bank? Do you have a bank account?

    J.H .....J.,:.) "-!l-..:>. ~

    J;asb (prep.; less common var.

    catii }Jsaaba

    J;asab) according to, depending on, in

    w-xa!!a ywalli. Give him what he is

    accordance with. _;WI

    entitled to and make him go away.


    yl->. ~ cafa }Jsaab
    s.o. at
    }'"ll:ll
    someone's expense. (.5!~
    t-taoaakir cafa }Jsaabi. The tickets are

    1-ma~ruuf

    "-;--->- ....; )_rail

    l;asab

    Expenditure is

    Jy~l ~

    1-macaas.

    according to salary.

    y...;. ~ ..:_..jj gaddamt

    Js-

    talab sugul bash 1-'u\mul. I submitted

    at my expense. ~ ~I .~IJ ~

    to

    -.1-L->- Ia wa!fa. f-casa ca[a bsaabi.

    J.y "u. . . i

    No, the dinner is on me. 4. by oneself,


    on the account of. ~ ~

    job

    application

    according

    regulations. ~ ,rJ-1 LA
    ~

    'asawwii cala ha 1-xasim, basab


    talabic. I will do it with great pleasure,
    according

    to your request. ~

    -I~ ~ ;; J~ ~.1,.:. J Cint mistacjif

    w-xaoeet sayyaara ca[a bsaabi. I was

    \
    I
    \

    1
    !

    136

    in a hurry and took a taxi all to myself.


    5. reckoning. y\...J-1 rY- yoom li-/:lsaab
    Day of Reckoning. ._,..UI ..,_....~ 11

    r~ rl'~i ~

    'a{{a yl)aasib
    'acmaalhum yoom

    yLJ.I

    n-naas
    ca[a
    li-/:lsaab. God will call people to

    account for their deeds on the Day of


    Reckoning.
    4-o~ m/:laasaba

    (v.n. from III .__.L>


    /:laasab) l. accounting. ~~ .;___, J:.
    dirast m/:laasaba. I studied accounting. 2. bookkeeping.
    Y ~ mal)suub (p.p. from ~
    /:lisab) I. calculated, counted, reckoned. ~~ ~~J ~~ a.........lJI.-1 1-xidma
    ma/:lsuuba wi.Y.Ya s-sicir. Service is

    included in the price. 2. considered,


    deemed, looked upon. ~~ ~
    ..:...I~L..::.ll .:_r--- o...L.:>-IJ hiya ma/:lsuuba
    waa/:lida min s-saaciraat. She is considered one of the poets.
    ~.:----"~

    m/:laasib (act. part. from III

    ..,_....L> !:zaasab) p. -iin l. accountant,

    bookkeeper. '-:-"""'~ ~ yistagil


    m/:zaasib. He works as an accountant.
    2. paymaster. ~IJJ \.j~ J ...,......~1 b
    ya li-ml:zaasib w-cataana rawaatibna.

    The paymaster came and paid us our


    salaries.
    J~~JMC bsbl
    J~ l:zasbaal (with suff. pron.) in
    the opinion of. J~ ~wsbaali I think,
    in my opm10n. r-l~ l:zasbaalhum
    they think, in their opinion. J~
    r-"'l:!IJ ..:...b l;tasbaali yat wiyyaahum. I
    think she came with them .. ._,..)j ...:AL
    JL.._;,.J . ) y J~ sallafta jluus.
    l;tasbaali xoos rayyaa/. I lent him

    some money. I thought he was a good


    man.
    JV"' C /:lsd
    ~ /:lisad (.J...J:.yl)asid) to envy, be
    envious. uLo ~ o...L->- /:lsida ca[a
    maa/a.
    He envied him his
    possessions.

    ~I n/:zisad VII to be envied . ..:..~I


    .;~...\J,.I ~) ~

    n/:lisatt ca[a

    wapiifati 1-yidiida. I was envied my


    new job. ~ ~_r.-:;.1 r~ .:r ..:...~1
    n/:lisatt min yoom stireet beet. I have
    been envied since I bought a house.
    ~basad

    (v.n. for ...l.->- /:lisad) envy.


    ..L.-.J-1 1-l:zasad siima
    baf(aala. Envy is a bad quality.
    L...J~ ~

    .:1 ~

    /:lasuud p. -iin envious .

    V"" V"" C /:Iss


    ~

    /:lass (~ yl:ziss) I. to feel, sense.

    ~ ~I ..::-.....>- l)assat 'inhum

    She sensed that they


    were going to ask her hand in
    marriage. ~ L.. .o~IJ ~ ~ Lo
    b-yxatbuunha.

    ma tabgi tithacca wiyyaa.

    rna ybiss.

    She doesn't want to talk to him. He


    can't sense it. 2. to notice . ..:... JL....o
    ~ L.. ~ .; ~ ~ $Garat cafsa
    Cibiira laakinna ma bass. There was a

    big commotion, but he did not notice.


    ...,->" biss

    1. feeling, sensation.
    voice. 3. sound, noise.

    1.1"~ bassaas

    p. -iin 1. sensitive

    readily affected. ..L>.-IJ


    SUX$ ~wssaas

    2.

    ._,..~.-.>. ~

    very sensitive
    delicate, touchy. i..IL-.
    ....._l->- mas'ala l;tassaasa delicate matter.
    person.

    2.

    waayid

    137
    ~~

    l}asaasiyya 1. sensitivity. 2.

    allergy.
    ....,..~! 'ihsaas
    sensitivity, sense,
    perception. cJ"~ 'il J--.li galiil
    I- 'il}saas insensitive.

    4.....~

    l}aassa p. cJ"IY l}awaass sense.


    1-l}awaass 1-xamsa the
    five senses. ~~ 6......b. l}aassat s-samm
    the sense of smell.
    L-..J-1 cJ"I_,..J-1

    ....,..~ mal}suus tangible, noticeable.


    tagaddum mal}suus
    noticeable progress.
    cJ".r---S !"~

    U'-"" C l}sn
    ,;r-> l:zassan II 1. to have a haircut.
    c.;~..:....;.._;..J~I(".Ji.~I...:....>-J

    ri/:zt
    li-ml:zassin yoom
    1-xamiis
    w-l:zassant scari. I went to the barber
    on Thursday and had a haircut. ~
    ~I cJ .:.r.,....;..r' o~ yl:zassin scara
    marrateen ji s-sahar. He has a haircut
    twice a month. 2. to shave . ...:,J.. ~
    !"J-!. JS' yl:zassin lil:zyita kill yoom. He
    shaves (his beard) every day.

    ~j 'al;zsan (~ yil;zsin) IV 1. to do
    s.th. well, be proficient at s.th. ~
    ~L:S:l1 1 ~I_,AJI yil;zsin li-graaya
    w-li-ktaaba. He reads and writes well.
    ~fi;)'l :L..Al.il ..:r-.$. yil;zsin 1-luga
    1- 'ingliiziyya. He is proficient in
    English. 2. to give alms, give charity.
    ~L...ll) 1~1 J1 ~ yil;zsin 'ila
    1-fogara w-l-masaakiin.
    He gives
    alms to the poor. !...:.....:.....i 'al;zsant! I.
    Thank you, you did well! 2. Bravo!

    ~ tf:zassan
    improved,

    s-sugul

    V to be or become

    get better.

    .:r--i- ji--.!JI

    tf:zassan. Work has improved.

    ..L..>.IJ ~ .:r.,..J-1.) ~ .J-!

    bu (Jabi
    oa/hiin thassanat waayid. Abu Dhabi
    has. impr~ved a lot now.~~
    .i1~1 $i/JI}ta tl}assanat nsaa/!a. I
    hope his health has improved.
    ~I stal}san X to regard s.th. ~
    right or appropriate . .Y" CJ.T- ~ 1
    J---,i 'astal:zsin yruul:z huwa gabil. I
    think it's appropriate that he go first.
    ("L......!\11 I$~ ii).........J~ _;.........ll ~i
    'astal}sin s-safar b-s-sayyaara haaoi
    1-'ayyaam. I think it's appropriate to
    travel by car during these days.

    ,;r-> /:zisin
    ness.

    beauty, prettiness, liveli-

    l:zusun excellence, goodness.


    !.I_,L... ~ o.)~ sahaadat /:tusun
    suluuk certificate of good behavior.
    ..k...:L-1 .:r-J. li-l:zusn 1-I:IO{J{J fortunately.
    J ~I .:_r--:>- T:tusn t-ta:jarruf good
    judgement. WI .:_r--:>- /:tusn n-niyya
    good intent, good faith. oly ...... }; 'Y
    ;i.._,j ~ Ia tluuma. sawwaa b-/:tusun
    niyya. Don't blame him. He did it in
    good faith. ..k...:L-1 u---J-!i-/:tusn 1-/:ta{J{J
    fortunately. ~~ .) .....l...=- ,.Y-1 .:r-Jli-/:tusn 1-/:ta{J(J, /Ja:j:}alta fi l-maktab.
    Fortunately, I found him in the office.

    ~i 'a/Jsan (elat.) 1. (with i f min)


    better than . ..,-..i .:..r-- ..:r--=--i i _,....ll 1_,.....!.1
    1-hawa 1-yoom 'aiJsan min 'ams. The
    weather today is better than yesterday.
    ~i t,?LS ~)f. )l....i L.;\ 'aana
    'asaafir b-ruul;zi. Cioi 'al;san. I travel
    alone. It's better this way . .!...ll 0-'""i
    ~ .u_r:.J [JJ 'al;zsan-lak truul; ccuufa
    gabil. It's better for you to go see him
    first. 2. (with foll. n.) the best. lh

    _,.....k;..i. .:.r--> i l;aaoa 'al;san mgantir.

    iI

    ,,

    'I

    138

    This is the best contractor. ~~J .;r--i


    ~ 'al)san waal)id jiihum
    the best
    one among them. o.JpJil) ~i y.
    huwa 'al)sanhum ji 1-kuura. He is the
    best one among them in soccer.
    l.o ~i 'al)san-ma 1. the best (that) ...
    .J~ L.. .:r->" i 'al)san ma ykuun the
    best there is. c.$~ L.. ~i ~1\.U

    haaoa 1-yibl) 'al)san-ma c;ndi. These


    watermelons are the best I have. 2.
    rather than, in preference to. L. .;r--i
    .U,.._;:..; [_).~ L.;1.:. '4...,;So I~ 'al)san-ma
    nigra canna, xa!!na nruul) ncuufa.
    Better than reading about it, let's go
    see it. .b:.l:! L.. .:r->"i .Jy. .J ~ ~
    ~ yamsi cala ryuula 'al)san:ma
    yaaxio taksi. He walks rather than take
    a taxi.
    ~~ 1-l)usna

    fair means, fair way.


    ~~~ U"UI J.-~ caamil n-naas
    b-1-~usna! Treat people in a friendly
    manner. ~I ~l..c-'\11/-'asmaa' 1-~usna
    the 99 attributes of God.
    ~ ~asana

    p. -aat I. good deed,


    charitable deed. 2u ~ lAI.r---"
    sawwaaha ~asana li-llaah. He did it
    as a charitable deed for the sake of
    God. 2. (only in the p.) advantages,
    merits. 4-7~ Ul ~_;k.JI t..j.U haaoi
    t-tariiga 'ilha ~asannaatta. This way
    has its own advantages.
    4,;L......,:,- ~saana

    barbering, barber's

    (prov.) U"JJ t) ~L...:LI ~


    JU;._;.JI yitca!lam li-~saana ji ruus
    1-gurcaan.
    The blind leading the
    blind. (lit., "He learns barbering on
    bald people's heads.")
    trade.

    ~ ta~siin (v.n. from II ~

    I) assan) improving, improvement.

    'JJ~ tal)suuna shave, shaving, act of

    having a haircut.
    ~

    mil)sin p. -iin (act. part. from IV


    .;r--i 'ahsan) philanthropist, charitable
    person .
    ~ ml)assin (act. part. from II .:r-l)assan) barber. ~ J ~~ ~.J
    c.$~ ril:zt li-ml:zassin w-hassant scari.
    I went to the barber and had a haircut.

    l~c I)Saa
    ~ l;isa not at all, certainly not, on
    the contrary.

    .,~c J:zSd
    ~

    l:zisad (..u...s; yl:zasid) to gather,


    mass, mobilize. ~ ~ ...~...!..>- Jl~l
    y_pJI ~ )..t;l..lfi-craag l:zisadjeesa cala
    li-l:zduud li-kweetiyya. Iraq massed its
    army on the Kuwaiti border.
    ~ tl;assad V to be massed, be
    concentrated. 6..4,\dl c.,$.h ~ ~ ~I
    1-jeef t~assad ji haaoi 1-mantaga. The
    army is concentrated in this region.

    ..;~C Mr
    ~ ~isar (~ yf:tasir)

    to stick, pack,

    squeeze, force. Jl.,a.....A.J\ 0:-1 ~I ~


    ~~ .j ~zisar 1-kutub been 1-gum~aan
    fi s-santa.
    He stuck the books in
    between the shirts in the suitcase. l.h
    ~ ...Ll )1 ~i J..Lii \... .J.>..\) pi..P J~
    haaoa mukaan ~agiir waayid. ma
    'agdar 'aMir 1-walad fii. This is a
    very small place. I cannot squeeze the
    boy into it. U"l.i J J~ W J:!JJJI ~
    ui}.~--JI t) ..L>:-IJ hini d-dreewliwa
    y~asruun naas waayidfi s-sayyaaraat.

    139

    Here, drivers jam a whole crowd of


    people into cars.
    ~~ 1-l;lasir or ?I ~ y.. yoom 1-l;lasir

    Day of Resurrection.

    o~

    /:ISira p. -aat insect, bug. ~


    ..::...l_r..,l-1 cum 1-l;lasaraat entomology.

    dMdM c

    /:ISs

    ~ /:lass (~ yl;liss) to mow, cut


    grass. V"'UI ~ l_,;l5 J/:yl l)l....o)1 l)

    J _,..._.JI o1-...i J~Y..J ~I 0 ~ ji


    z-zamaan 1-'awwali CaanaW baC{J
    n-naas yl;lissuun 1-l;lasiis w-ywadduuna
    s-suug. In olden times some people

    used to cut grass and take it to the


    marketplace.
    ~ l;lassas II to smoke hashish. ~~

    ~I ...; y Y..J

    ;J, _rll ...; y y..

    'tlli

    y/;lassis
    yzixxuuna
    s-sirta
    w-ywadduuna s-sijin. He who smokes

    hashish will be arrested by the police


    and taken to jail.
    ~ /;lasiis (coli.)

    I. wild grass,

    hay, herbs. 2. hashish (or loosely, any


    narcotic). s. -a hashish, hemp (or
    loosely, any narcotic).
    ~~ !wUaas

    1. (p. ~ly
    /:ziwaasiiS)
    one who cuts grass and
    sells it as animal feed (in the old
    times). 2. (p. -iin) I. one who smokes
    hashish. 2. narcotics addict.
    ~ ml:zaSis (act. part. from II ~

    /:zassaS) 1. having smoked hashish or

    other narcotic. o~j .~ o~


    ~~ oJ~ JJ ligyoo ml:zassis. zaxxoo
    w-waddoo s-sijin. They found him
    doped. They arrested him and took
    him to jail. 2. s.o. under the influence

    of hashish or other narcotic.

    ....ir.JMc

    /:!sf

    l;lasaf(coll.) s.

    l;lsifa dried

    up, poor quality dates, used as cattle


    feed. _r-:.\1 t_l_,..;i ...r-"'"i ~~ 1-/;lasaf
    'axass 'anwaac t-tamir. /;lasaf is the
    worst kind of dates.

    ~r.JM C /;ISm
    ~

    /;lassam II to treat s.o. politely or

    hospitably,
    ~

    treat with deference.


    L.... w':l !I _):.L>- j.->-- ':l ~

    ~~ /;lassamta lajil xaatrak linna

    ma yistal;ligg 1-/;lasiima. I treated him


    politely and reverentially for your sake
    because he doesn't deserve to be
    treated with respect or politeness.

    ~ t/;lassam V to be treated politely


    or hospitably.
    ~~

    /;ltisam VIII

    conservative.

    to be modest,

    4.........-...0 c~ L.... -~

    ma yimda/;1 nafsa. He is
    modest. He doesn't praise himself.
    4---:J l) ~ ~ j':l ~ d......o )-1 1-/;lurma
    hini laazim ti/:ltismji libissa. Women
    here have to be conservative in their
    dress.
    yi/;ltiSim.

    ~ /:zisma modesty, decency, conservativeness. ~_,1.6... a...........;;jl 1-/:zi.Sma

    matfuuba. Modesty is required. ~~

    ~)I a... )-1 ~ i f l-l:zisma min siimat


    l-l:zurma z-zeena. Conservativeness is

    one of the qualities of a good woman.

    .JdM r;

    l:z.Sw

    ~ /:lisa ( ~ yl:zasi) to stuff, fill.

    ~~ o..L..>.il ~

    /:lisa li-mxadda

    b-1-gu{un. He stuffed the pillow with

    cotton.

    ~)IJ ~~ a....,.L:.,.J..)\ ~

    140

    /:lisa d-diyaaya b-f-cees w-z-zibiib. He


    stuffed the chicken with rice and
    raisins. 2. to stick, stuff. ~ .;..:!
    Yo..L.-:>UI .) .:r--J:U ..I.A.JL..J. lee l;aseet
    hal-gadd gutun ji li-mxadda? Why
    have you stuffed so much cotton in the
    pillow? 3. to fill (teeth). v ,rP r-S
    y.jl.:....._. ':Ji ~ aJ ~ cam pirs
    l;asaa-lak tabiib 1-'asnaan? How
    many teeth has the dentist filled for
    you?
    ~

    l;assa

    II=~ /:lisa(~

    y/:lasi).
    ~ t/:lassa V to be stuffed, be filled.

    u---h-' ~ .;..L..;.:...!.1

    li-mxadda tljassat
    The pillow was stuffed with

    gutun.
    cotton. ~ ~ j':J ~~ Lo v _,..;Ji LA>
    ha 9-9irs rna yithassa; laazim yinsilic
    This tooth cannot be filled; it will have
    to be pulled out.

    .r-l,j. tljaasa VI 1. to avoid, keep away


    or abstain

    from s.o. or s.th. ~Li


    tljaasa r-rayyaal
    Keep away from bad men.

    JL__.b.)i JL_,.,. )I

    1-battaal.

    t.r--P }i .:.r->- ~ (.,> i .__) J~i ~ Li


    t/jaaseet 'agui-la 'ayya SaY.Y can
    1-maw(Juuc. I avoided telling him
    anything about the subject. 2. to
    ignore . .U~ ~~ .:_,-- ~ L... !oULi
    1/;aasaa! ma cafeek min illi yguula.
    A void him. Don't pay attention to
    anything he says.
    ~~ nl;isa VII = ~ V tl;assa.
    ~

    l;asu (v.n. from ~ l;isa) 1.


    stuffing, filling, s.th. that is filled.
    o...L.j! ~ ~ l;asu l;agg mxadda
    stuffing for a pillow. ~..UI !) ~I
    ~ J) 1-l;asu

    fi

    d-diic r-ruumi

    the

    turkey stuffmg. 2. filling (teeth). ~


    v.? JLo l;asu maa/pirs tooth filling.
    ~~ l;aasiya p. ~1_,... l;awaasi
    followers, entourage.- ~ ':;1 a....:j,;Lb.o
    IJL..>.- ~I>.) mataarzi)Yal 1-'amiir
    w-l;aasiita jaw. The prince, his
    bodyguards, and his entourage came.
    ~ mal;si (p.p. from ~ l;isa)
    stuffed, filled. ~ L.. ,P kuusa mai;Si
    stuffed squash. j_,J ':Ji) j.Y"' ~ .; J"j.j,;_
    baglaawa mal;siY.Ya jooz walla looz
    baklava filled
    with walnuts or
    almonds.

    .J~c b~d
    ..L.,a;o- bi~ad (..l..-.a>.: ylja~id)
    to reap,
    harvest. I,;~!J .r. 0 J..L,.:o.>.; 1 vi.J l) ji
    raas 1-xeema ylja~duun burr w-'iora.
    In Ras Al-Khaima they harvest wheat
    and com.

    ~~ nlji~ad VII to be harvested. Lo


    ~I 0 J..l..-.a>.: 0 -=-- (.,>,;.:li rna dri mita
    ylja~duun s-saciir. I don't know when
    they harvest barley.

    '.;~ C b~r
    ~ bi~ar (~ ylja~ir) to narrow
    down, confine. ~1 IJ~ U. ~I
    ~ _,w~ J _r.lL.., s-sirta b~araw s-subha
    b-1-boog b-1-bluusi.
    The police
    narrowed down the suspicion of theft
    to the Baluchi. JJL>- J o~ ~

    J..Li L..... ~ '~J. bi~ar tajkiira

    w-ljaawal yiooakkar, bass ma gidar.


    He put his mind to it and tried to
    remember, but he couldn't.
    .r"~ l;aa$ar III

    encircle.
    L..vL.:l:-1

    1. to surround

    '

    y'.>L.kJI IJ.r"'~ A..b.r-=JI

    !) -:r-~Udl s-sirta l;aa$raw

    141
    .JL....A.;i ;;_,~ l) ;; .J~ ..:;_,I.J\.,...-JI ..::..>lS'"~
    sarikaat s-sayyaaraat ma!;~uura ji
    8alaa8at 'anfaar. Car companies are
    restricted to three people. 2. bored,
    depressed. ~_;A.\1 ~~ l) .J~ 0LS
    o~I caan ma/:l$UUr ji OiiC 1-garya
    $-$agiira. He was bored in that little
    village. 3. feeling the need to urinate.
    ~ ~LJ-1 .J~ 1~1 'ioa ma!;~uur
    1-!;ammaam tal;at. If you've got to go,
    the bathroom is downstairs.

    f-ful/aab l-mippaahriin ji l-yaamca.


    The police surrounded the demonstrating students in the university. 2. to
    besiege. L4.i ~ ~..UI .r"L>. ~~
    ..:....,6..i... l-jee l;aa$ar 1-madiina sahar
    gabil-ma sag(at. The army besieged
    the city for a month before it fell.
    ~I n/:li$ar VII 1. to be caught, be

    trapped. ......;,....__jJ 0:-ll 0LS..lil l) IJ~I


    .JUI JJL.b[ n/:li$raw ji d-dikkaan 'ileen
    wugaf 'i(laag n-naar. They got caught
    in the shop until shooting (lit. "the
    opening of fire") stopped. 2. to be
    crowded, be jammed. ~~ Li ~I
    !.1 ~ L....i .J..l..i L..... J n/:li$~rna b-t-taksi
    w-ma gidarna nit/:larrak. We were
    crowded in the taxi and couldn't
    move. 3. to have a full bladder, to
    have to go. ~L....r ~ . .Uy. ~I WI
    f~ s-seeba nl;i~ar boola.
    fii
    !;ammaam hini? The old man has to
    go to the bathroom. Is there a toilet
    here?
    ~ l:za~iir

    (coli.) woven mats, mats


    made from bamboo. s. -a. 0L. )I J
    .r.--=ll

    ~ 0 yl-:e

    lyLS '-"'UI

    J/~11

    fl

    z-zamaan l-'awwali n-naas caanaw


    ynaamuun cafa 1-l:za~iir. In the olden
    times, people used to sleep on bamboo
    mats.

    I. siege, blockade.
    <,S".:lL__.,a.:;l

    .JL..=--

    f:zi~aar

    'igti.~aadi

    economic blockade.

    nf:zi.Jar)

    confinement,

    limitation,

    restrictedness.
    .)~ maf:z.Juur (act. part. from ~

    f:zi.Jar)

    I. limited, restricted, confined.

    ..J~C /:l~r

    ~ tl;a~~ar V 1. (with ~ cafa) to

    over s.th. ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~


    tl:za~~ar cafa iJiic 1-'ayyaam
    1-l:zilwa.
    He sighed over the good old
    days.
    2. to grieve, be grieved (for
    s.th.). ~ ~ ~l.j J y..l5' ...._. p .J)
    ~ .J;, gazzar jluusa killaha w-gaam
    yitl:za~~ar cala dirhim. He spent all his
    money foolishly and began to grieve
    for one dirham.
    sigh

    ;; _,_J.:ll

    ~ ~ l:za~ra
    p. -aat l. sigh. 2.
    longing, nostalgia. ~~eyl ~ ,_;~ ~
    ...:...;U Jll ya l:za.Jrati cafa 1-'ayyaam illi
    faatat. Ah, what good days those
    were!

    J~c l:z.Jt
    ~ /:zi$al (~yl:za.Jil) I. to happen,
    take place, occur. J _,........., -) 4....s-::. ~
    ~I l:zi.Jal dacmafi suug s-simac. A
    car accident took place in the fish
    market. !~ J..-.a>- L.. ~ cas a ma
    l:zi.Jal sayy! I hope nothing bad
    happened. ~I -) o_,. . ,.
    ~ IL
    haaoa sayy yl:za.Jil marra fi f-cumur .

    J..-.a>.:

    This is a thing that happens once in a


    lifetime.

    cj.r-JI

    ~ 4..........01_,11

    ...:.....l...a>

    142
    ~a/at li-mwaafga ca[a t-tarjfic. The
    approval for the promotion went
    through. ~ ~ j.-.<a>- Lo \,~~ _,t" ~
    lees tluumni? ma /.ti~al minni sayy.
    Why do you blame me? I haven't
    done anything.
    2. (with cafa) to
    obtain, get, receive . .:r ~ Js- J--~..;JI o)jJ
    /.ti~a/ ca[a bic(}a min
    He got a
    wazaarat 1-tarbiya.
    scholarship from the Ministry of Education. ~ ~ o.)4--!JI ~ j.-.<a>~ ba~al <a/a s-sahaada cugub xams
    siniin. He obtained his certificate in
    five years.
    3. to be found, be
    available, obtainable. ~ u JJ.l
    j.-.<a>- Lo ~ J _,....)1 c) U,...Jt.; dawwart
    <a/a naariilafi s-suug laakin ma bi~al.
    I looked for a water pipe in the market
    but it wasn't available. (prov.) 'Y
    J}L..JI j..6! (,>L11 J.=- Ia /.ti~a/1-maay
    hi(al [-caafuur.
    (lit., "If water is
    available, ablution with clean earth
    becomes invalid.")

    ~ fW$$01

    II l. to find. ~ ~
    \'J_,....ll J ba$,falt simacfi s-suug? Did
    you find fish in the market? ~ L.
    ~ ma ba,f,wlt S:aY.Ji. I did not find
    ~)1hing . .f-..UI ~ cl...a>- /:za$$0/ta cind
    1-mudiir. I found him at the director's
    (office). 2. to obtain, get, receive.

    ._,lll },___Ji J-.=-

    /:z0$$01

    s-sayyaara IIi yabgiiha. He got the car

    J J..-.i

    wanted. .;r ~~
    J..LA.i
    tigdar tbO$$il-li bguugi min
    S:-sarika? Can you get for me my due
    from the company? ~ .;t-!-ll :,? j.J ~
    cam tba$$ilfi S:-sahar? How much do
    you make a month? ._4...jj ~ ~i
    he

    ?'

    ~;$'

    ~~

    dirhim

    :,?

    ~ J:J

    fi

    'abO$$il xamsa 'alf

    s-S:ahar.

    make

    five

    thousand dirhams a month. 3. to


    profit, make a profit. ~ o}....11 ~
    ~ ).) LJ _,..L. 4.:.-- ..:....l..:a.>-) ~ ).) LJ_,..L. biCf
    fi-cmaara b-xamsa malyoon dirhim
    w-/.ta$~all minha malyoon dirhim. I
    sold the building for five million
    dirhams and made a million dirham
    profit on it.
    ~ 1/:za~~a/ V l. to be obtained. U.
    L.li...L..A'- j-S' r c) 'Y! ~ L... ~I ha
    s-S:aY.Ji ma yit/:za~~al 'ilia fi markaz
    /:zamdaan. This thing cannot be obtained except at Hamdan Center. 2. to be
    collected. ;;.J.Jf---! ~ L... ._:r-:!..UI i.l,.
    haaiJa d-deen ma yitl:za~~al b-suhuula.
    This debt cannot be easily collected.
    J~ l:zu~uul (v.n. from J---l:zi~al)
    obtaining, attaining. oT-J Js- J _raJ.. I
    1-/:zu~uu/ cala wiiza obtaining a visa.
    J.o:o~ fJaa.Jil

    p. -aat 1. product. r"'i


    'ahamm
    baa,filaat 1-'imaaraat l-batrool. The
    most important of the products ofthe
    Emirates is petroleum.
    2. crop,
    harvest. u'.>\...olJ-1 ~ r~ )-1 !-barr
    ydammir bac(J l-baa~ilaat.
    Heat
    destroys some crops. 3. (with the
    article prefix Ji /-) briefly, in brief.
    ..__.. p J.ri) ~ y c') j-..>LJ-1 l-l:zaa$il
    raab twannas w-gazzar fluusa. To
    make a long story short, he had a good
    time and spent his money foolishly.
    ~ w ~ L. j.PI.:ll l-baa$il rna
    b0$$011 S:igga fiC.jibni. In the end, I did
    not find an apartment I liked.

    JJ_r..-,)1

    u!JL__.)Ii .:_,")\..pl...;..

    J~ ma/:z$UU! (p.p. from~ /:zi$al)


    p. j...P~ mabaa$iil I. product. 2.
    crop, harvest. 3. yield, gain.

    143
    u~c b$n
    ~

    ba$$an II to fortify, entrench.


    t_?L <.) ~1_,.. .:_r-> ~.r\11 ~~
    ~~ y _r- <.) ~~ 1-jees 1-'amriiki
    ba$$an mawaagcafi haaoi 1-mantigafi
    barb 1-xa/iij.
    The American army

    fortified its positions in this area


    during the Gulf War.

    ~ tba$$an V pass. of II ba$$an.


    ~

    p. 0 _,..- b$uun fortress,


    fort (usually for an Emir and his
    followers).
    bi$in

    ~ ~I ~ '-? _,41 ~ ..r- burmat


    li-bdiwi hiya IIi tf:za{tiib. A Bedouin's

    wife is the one who gathers firewood.


    ~ batab (coli.)

    wood. s.

    1. firewood. 2.

    ~I IJ.tuba.

    ~~ battaab

    p. ~Lb.>- bataatiib,
    one who cuts firewood or one
    who sells firewood.
    -iin

    /:Itt

    .b- f:zatt

    (~yl:zut!) 1. put, place, set

    Js- .k.:..!JI ..h.>. butt s-sinat


    ca[a 1-miizaan. Put the suitcases on the

    down. 01_r.ll

    ~ bi$ni p. ~ hi$niyya (to? _,1_,


    waawi is more common) jackal.

    scale(s). t_?L j.:.. jS"'l.!;..c. ..!..1-A; ~ ':J

    IJ~ b$aan

    Don't get yourself into problems


    similar to these. ~~ Js- ._s.? ~

    p. ~ bu$un 1. horse
    (f. '-"'~ faras). 2. horsepower. o_,..;
    0L..=- y W"\.ll guwaat 1-maakiina
    miyat /:l$aan. The motor is one
    hundred horsepower.
    J~C b$w

    c.fJ

    ..:..-..f'
    ,WII:zatteet Cee,;i ca[a oiic
    li-bnayya, laakin carrasat. I had my

    eye on that girl, but she got married.


    2. to land, settle. ~L....JI ..:....,b.. o_r-lkll
    ~

    ~ /:li$a ( ~ y/:za$i)

    enumerate.

    Ia tf:zutt nafsak b-masaakil miOil haaoi.

    to count,

    ~ .J~ ..!.>-\.. '-"'

    o~

    cinda fluus maf:zl:zad yigdar yi/:l$iiha.

    !-taayra f:zattat s-saaca xams.

    The plane landed at five o'clock. 3.


    (with .:.r-- min) to lower, detract from,
    diminish. 0L....;)'I ~ .:.r-- Ju; _?::.-J1

    He has more money than anyone could


    count. Y~ J _r-ll <.) Jll '-"'\..JI ~

    s-sikir

    han-naas illi fi s-suug s-yib$iihum?

    ~I nf:zatt VII 1. to be put, placed.


    01_r-.11 ~ 1_#.1 .k.:..!JI s-sinat nf:zattaw
    ca[a 1-miizaan. The suitcases were put
    on the scale(s). ~ J ~ 1_#.1 .k.:..!JI
    s-sinat nf:rattaw foog baca{J. The
    suitcases were placed on top of each
    other. 2. to deteriorate, decay, decline.
    ;:..... 1-t, ~ ...::......P ..::....b.il nbattat #f:zl:zta
    teen bida yiskar. His health deteriorated when he started to drink . .U'J..>. i
    ..:........bil 'axlaaga nf:rattat. His moral
    behavior has declined.

    How could anyone count the people in


    the marketplace?
    ~

    s.

    /:la$a (coli.) pebbles, little stones.

    ol..=- ba$aa.

    1. count, counting. l..=-1


    0~1 'i/:l$a s-sukkaan census. 2.
    statistics Yl-..=-1 ..:.-... .J~ dirast 'ib$a?
    Have you studied statistics?
    ~J 'i/:l$a

    ~c ~rb
    ~ ~a{{ab II to gather firewood.

    yf:zutt

    min

    giimt 1-'insaan.

    Drinking lower's one's prestige.

    .I

    144

    ~ maf:zaf!a p. -aat I. stop, stopping


    place. ._,.,WI ~ maf:zattat 1-paa$ the
    bus stop. 2. station. J\..b..4JI ~ maf:zatt
    1-gi{aar
    the railroad station. ~
    ~~~ 'fl manat 1-'ioaaca the broadcasting station.

    ~~ 'af:zatt (elat.) 1. (with .y min)


    more deteriorated, more debased. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the most deteriorated,
    the most debased.
    ~ minf:zatt p. -iin degraded, low,
    ~ JL...>.-J l..i.......l> ,.11 ..!.1-.ki

    base.

    'ajallak al!a, haaoa rayyaal minf:zaf!.

    Pardon the expression, this is a lowbased, degraded man. ~ a......rf:zurma minf:zat{a fallen woman .
    .J~C /:z{Jr
    ~

    (~yl:zapir)

    I. to attend,
    "-:!4!1 c) ~I ..::.> ~
    'ijtimaac fi 1-baladiyya.
    I

    l:zi(Jar

    be present.
    l:zi(Jart

    attended a meeting in the municipality.


    ~...r----i c.r:l' ~ ..::.>.rP-I:zipart l:zaflat
    t-taxarruj 'ams? Did you attend the
    graduation ceremony yesterday? L.
    f~ saalim /:li{Jar? Was Salim
    present? ~ ~ L. ~ . .rP- ,~ (,>I 'ii
    nacam, /:ti{Jar. lee.S ma y/:ta{Jir? Yes,
    indeed. He was present. I cannot see
    why he cannot be present. 2. to arrive,
    get to s.o., or to some place. V' _,...11 J;>
    ("""'l:!l) ~ ~ .IJ.rP- hall-micris

    /:zi{Jraw.

    nibga nitf:zacca wiyyaahum.

    The bridegroom's folks arrived. We


    would like to talk to them. Jl Li .rP
    L;_.J , ~I

    J-_,1

    ,~1) l? .r.:-- ~I
    d-diiwaan

    OIJ:!..UI

    f:zi(Jarna

    'ila

    1-'amiiri

    w-s-seex,

    {awiil f-cumur, rammasna.

    We arrived at the Emiri Court, and the


    Shaikh, may he Jive long, addressed

    us.
    ~ f:za(J(Jar II ((- J wallam, j.r. barraz

    are more common) 1. to prepare,


    make ready. l.r--S'.}J ~L.L... IJ.r'a>f:za(1(1araw

    saamaanhum

    w-trikaw.

    They got their things ready and left.


    IJ..UI ~ ~I .J-'1> J~l ~ j...l,.P -:,..;j

    'inta $ayd~li? $-$eydali huwa IIi


    yl:za(J(Jir d-duwa. Are you a pharmacist? A pharmacist is the one who
    prepares medicine.
    2. to produce,

    make. c)

    ..:r.,..>.- JJ..l,J.I jl.$:. IJ.r'a>- y':>\.kJI

    ~I

    !-tullaab l:za(J(Jaraw
    1-heedrojiin fi 1-muxtabar.

    gaaz
    The

    students produced hydrogen gas in the


    laboratory.
    _r"L...:o- l:zaa(Jar III to lecture, give a
    course of lectures. r::::-P )1 ~ ,r-Dl>..:;.,IJL....'/1 c) (,>.:>L....a.:il'l l:zaa(Jar can
    l-wa(Jc l-'igfi$aadi fi 1-'imaaraat. He
    lectured about the economic situation
    in the Emirates. ~ ~I c) ,r-Dl>l:zaa(Jar fi 1-kulliyya santeen. He
    lectured at the college for two years.

    ~ t/:ta(J{Jar V 1. to prepare oneself,


    get ready. t~..., H .)--llU _raj.
    tl:za{J{Jarna Ia s-safar gabil subuuc.

    We got ready for travelling a week


    ago. 2. to become urbanized, become
    a town dweller. ~ ~ J-WI
    0 )~

    1-badu

    $acb

    cafeehum

    It's difficult for


    Bedouins to become urbanized. 3. to
    become civilized. ~ J _,..; ~

    yitl:za(i9aruun.

    ~ ~IJ Y .Y' .!.1 ~ J_,b J.J.>. siftak


    foog siftak f:zadir. tuul cumrak muub
    raayil:z titf:za(J9ar. You never change
    (lit., "I saw you upstairs, I saw you
    downstairs.") You' 11 never in your life

    145

    .r"L.;.-

    become civilized.
    ~ l:za!)ar (coli.) settled population,
    town dwellers (as opposed to)~ badu
    Bedouins or nomads). s.
    Mari.

    c.?.r=JS" .;

    o~

    l:za!)ra presence.
    _r=- t)
    ,_,.L..:.ll fi l:za!)rat kill n-naas in the

    presence of all the people. 2. respectful form of address, esp. in letters, e.g.
    !~)!.;~ l:za!)rat r-ra'iss! Mr.
    President! t L... -L,-.-11 .; ~ l:za!)rat
    s-sayyid saalim Dear Mr. Salim.
    )~ l:zu!)uur

    (v.n. from _r=-l:zi!)ar)


    1. presence. t L-:,.,. '}I .J.r4=- l:zu!)uur
    li-jtimaac
    attending the meeting.
    i j'l y _,_. ~I t) -u.L.:JI l...i_... .J.r4=l:zu!)uur haaoa s-saahid

    fi 1-maf:zkama

    muub laazim. The attendance of this


    witness in the law court is not
    required. .J~ v _,.LJI ...~>- cidd li-jluus
    b-f:zu{Juura. Count the money in his
    2. attendance. <J .J~I
    presence.
    i.}.J)_;--P t_ ~ '11/-fw(Juur

    fi li-jtimaac

    {Jaruuri. Attendance at the meeting is

    necessary. 3. (with the article prefix Jl


    !-) those present, the people attending.
    t_J__,.-!:ll ~ 1_0UI) .J~I

    jS

    kill

    l:zaa!)ir (act. part. from ~


    l:zi!)ar) I. having attended (e.g., a
    lecture, a meeting, etc.) _rOl..;... LiT

    t L...:;.,. '11

    'aana f:zaa{Jir li-jtimaac. I


    have attended the meeting. 2. present.
    _rOLl! ...:-...:i_,ll 1-wagt 1-l:zaaf)ir the
    present time. 3. ready (j).~ baariz is
    more common. See under ~.;'-:! brz).
    _rOl..;... L......;.,Ji f-caa !:zaaf)ir. Dinner is
    ready. 4. (with the article prefix Ji /-)
    the one present, those present, the
    people attending) <-:---<L.;Ji ~ _rOU.I
    1-f:zaaf)ir yicfim 1-gaayib. Those present
    will tell those who are absent.
    ~ mitf:za9{Jir

    p. -iin civilized. ~
    balad mitf:zaf)(Jir
    civilized

    country.

    u .J f"..; ~ C

    f:z9rmwt

    ..:Jy ~ l:zaf)ramuut

    Hadhramaut.

    I$"~ f:za{Jrami

    p. 6.-o .J~ l:zaf)aarma,


    is less
    common)
    I. of, characteristic of
    Hadhramaut.
    I. man from Hadhramaut, Hadhramauti.
    -yyiin

    ~~c

    (~ Y' ~ l:za!)ramuuti

    M9

    l-l:zu{Juur waafgaw cafa 1-maruuc. All


    of those present approved the project.

    ..lL;.. ba{J<) p . .1 _,.6>- ~u)uu(J 1. lot, fate,


    destiny. 2. luck, fortune. ~ ..kll

    ~ )~ fJa{Jaara

    o~l !.) _;:..-?

    p. -aat civilization, 2.

    culture.
    ~~ fJa{Jiira

    p . ..r.L.:=- fJa{Jaayir
    squad (small number of soldiers, about

    6-12).
    ~

    .J):;, l-IJa{J<) yifcab door

    cbiir ji 1-f:zayaa.
    Luck plays an
    important role in life . ..h.___,l\ -. r- suu'
    1-IJa(J(J bad luck, misfortune. -. r ,y
    .h.J.-1 min suu' 1-l.za(J(J or _h__J..\ -. _,_)
    li-suu' 1-IJa(J(J

    mahOar

    p.

    _,.-::,~ mafJaa{Jir

    unfortunately. ~

    ..bll l.zusn l-IJa(J(J good luck . ..kll

    u-J-

    minutes (of a meeting, etc.), record of

    li-IJusn 1-IJa(J(J fortunately, luckily. ,y

    factual findings (of a case, etc.)

    d-.:>- I_#

    o~~ mufJaa{Jara p. -aat lecture.

    ~ ~ min 1;usn IJa(J(Jak

    cajaw cannak.

    Fortunately for you,

    they have forgiven you.

    146
    ~

    ma/:t9uu9 p. -iin lucky, for-

    tunate. ~J '-"')~ rj~ y y ,.1;.#

    ma/:t9uu9.
    w-yistagil.
    doesn't

    muub

    laazim

    yidris

    He is fortunate.
    He
    have to study and work.

    ~JJ JJJ

    ..,...J ,.1; _# ma/:t9uu9. licab


    warag w-riba}:z. He's lucky. He played

    cards and won.

    ul:t C b9n
    ~ bi9an (~ yJ:za9in) 1. to
    embrace, hug s.o. ol...6s- J ~...l..D ~
    ~ bi9an ~adiiga w-cataa J:zabba. He
    embraced his friend and kissed him.
    2. to put in one's lap. 4J...ib ~ r\rl
    1-'umm /:t9anat tiflaha. The mother put
    her baby in her lap.

    }:za.ffar II to dig up, tear up. 4 }JI


    J _,.......>:11 <.,> L11 '-:-:-! I_r-AJ \... J t..J L.!JI IJ _,A>1-kuuliyya J:za.ffaraw s-saaric w-ma
    ligyu peep 1-maay 1-maksuur. The
    coolies dug up the street and did not
    find the broken water pipe.
    ~ t}:za.ffar V I. to be or become dug
    up . ..;..1..:>-L.!JI 0--' ~ (.J\..!JI s-saaric
    t}:za.ffar min s-saabinaat. The street got
    dug up by the trucks.
    ~I n}:zifar VII I. to be dug up. 2. to
    be drilled.

    ,r-

    }:zajir (v.n. from _,-A> bifar) I.


    digging, digging up. 2. drilling.

    o~ l:zifra

    p. )> bifar hole, pothole.


    (.JL...::JIIL ~ .;---- ~l ~ Lo rna

    ~ J:za9in (v.n. from .:_r-i=- bi9an)


    embracing, hugging. ~ ~ ~~

    nl:za~~il

    r"J.>.) ~? 0:1 ) ~b.- )I ~ 1-ba9in


    hini t}:za~#a been r-rayaayiil lo been
    J:zariim la-wa}:zdahum. Here you find

    ~~p

    embracing among men or among


    women by themselves.

    ~ l:zu9un p. 0L.,;a.,...i 'al:z9aan ~


    si/iil is more common) 1. lap. 2.
    bosom.

    .;J

    ,r-

    c l:ifr
    ,r- l:zifar

    (.;-A>:. ybafir) 1. to dig. )>


    ~ J \rl ~ o_,-A> bifar bifrafi l-'ar9. He
    dug a hole in the ground. J~L;;.:. 0 J.#~1

    J ~ ybafruun xanaadig boo/

    1-ga~ir.

    They are digging trenches


    around the palace. ~ IJ_,-A> bifraw
    gabir. They dug a grave. 2. to drill.
    ~-l>.- J J}-! .f.:-! ...:,. ~ C"'_rll s-sarika
    bfarat biir batrool yidiid The company drilled a new oil well.

    'ilia l:zifar ji haaoa s-saartc.

    We find only potholes in this street.


    ..;..~_;A.:ll

    }:zafriyyaat excavations. oft>.'i


    'ajhizat 1-}:za.friyyaat the ex-

    cavations equipment.
    .)\- l}affaar p. ~LQ.,.. J:zafaafiir, -iin I.

    digger.

    _;~I ..:r.JL-

    li-gbuur

    gravediggers.

    l:zaffaariin

    2. driller.
    JL- ~ yistagil J:zaffaar. He works
    as a driller .

    )1:1-- baajir

    p. ) l y bawaafir hoof.

    .)~ mal:ifuur (p.p. from)> l)ifar) I.


    dug up. 2. inscribed, engraved. ~I

    p.--AJI ~ J~ 'isma mabfuur ca1a


    1-gabir. His name is engraved on the
    tombstone.

    ~Jc bfo

    A...b- bifa9 (~ yba.fi9) 1. to


    .bi 4.>.-')\.!)1

    preserve. ~yk o...L...o ~\rl

    e-eallaaja

    tbafi9

    1-'asya mudda

    147

    tiwiila. A refrigerator preserves things


    for a long time. 2. to protect, guard,
    watch over. ~ 1ul 'a!!a yi}Jfa9k
    God protect you. 3. to keep, put away,
    save, store . .!.l~ l) I.L. .k....,i;...l 'il:ifa9
    haaoa ji maxbaak. Keep this in your
    pocket. r 61.; .i~l . ..:_.,\.All I J-~ .:.r l..:...,ab:.
    ~ xa!!a~na min haoeell-mala.ffaat.
    'il:ifa9hum killahum. We have finished
    with these files. Put them away. i j'Y
    ul-.:lkJI J---.5' ~ laazim t}Jaji9 kill
    !-talabaat. You have to file all the
    applications. l) oL..oiJ ~I.J} J .k....,i;...
    ~I bifa9-li 'awr;agi wiyyaa fi
    l-maktab. He held my papers for me
    in the office. 4. to memorize, commit
    to memory, know by heart . .k....,i;...
    ..__iS' c...J".J-Lll bifa9 d-dars killa.
    He
    memorized the whole lesson. ._,..Li 4
    0T...r---4-J1 0~ fii naas yl;afouun
    l-qur'aan. There are some people who
    know the Quran by heart.

    ~ l;a.ffa9 II 1. to cause to memorize.


    o~l ~

    <S""i 'ummi l;ajja(Jatni

    1-ga~iida~
    My- mother helped me
    memorize the poem. L...:.k- .._,....J..UI
    0T_;-A.JI .:..;--- .:.r:;.J~ l-mudarris J;a.ffa9na
    suurteen min l-qur'aan. The teacher
    helped us learn two chapters from the
    Quran by heart.
    J:i~ l;aafa9 III (with~ cafa) I. to
    maintain, preserve, sustain, keep up,
    uphold. ol_,.:...-- ~ ..l:Ul>- ..b...,a.!i 9-(Jag{
    baafa9 cafa mustawaa.
    Pressure
    maintained its level. :.r- ~ ~
    ~ ~ bl>. ,l.S.; ~. li cugub-ma
    {ifac

    min

    1-mustasfa,

    baafa9 cafa

    After he was discharged from


    hospital, he kept up his health.

    ~~I ~ 0 _,,:i;L>.: 4..b.r-=JI s-sirta


    y}Jaafouun cata 1-'amin. The police
    maintain security. 'Y d~ J ._}Y .h;L>.
    ~ }Jaafi9 cata wacdak; Ia tixlif.
    Keep your promise; don't break it.
    ~ t}Ja.ffa9 V 1. to learn by heart,
    learn. 0T_,..A.JI ~ t}Ja.ffa9 1-qur'aan.
    He learned the Quran by heart. ~

    4--- ).J~ t}Jaffa9at druussa. She learned


    her lessons.

    2. to protect oneself.

    _r-=ll ~ ~ t}Jaffa9 min !-barr.


    Protect yourself from the heat. 2. to
    be cautious, careful, be on guard. \...
    ~ l) ~ . ~ J5"" J u ma gaal kill
    sayy. tl;a.ffa9 fi }Jacya. He didn't say
    everything. He was careful with what
    he said. i ~ ~ . <L.:.A ~ t}Ja.ffa9
    minna. huwa mijrim. Be careful of
    him. He is a criminal.
    ~I n}Jifa9 VII to be preserved. 2. to
    be protected or guarded. 3. to be kept
    away. 4. to be memorized.
    ~I l;tifa9 VIII (with ~ b-) 1. to
    keep, save. -.:.-j}I JS 4 .J_,...a..! ..b.A:.:.-1
    J;tifa9 b-~uuratta killl-wagt. He kept
    her picture the whole time. 2. to
    reserve, maintain, uphold. , - I.;.;-~ I

    ~i ~~ J~i ~ btifaot b-l)aggi


    'aguul illi 'abgii. I reserved the right
    to say all that I wanted. 3. to keep up,
    maintain. ..::..>L.. LJ;; ~ ~ JIS"
    caan yibtafi9 b-$ibl;ta gabil-ma maat.
    He used to keep his health up before
    he died. 4. to retain, keep. ~~
    .,___;~ J_rb ~\ ol~. btifa(J
    b-mustawaa f_cilmi {uul bayaata. He

    retained

    his

    scholarly

    standard

    $ibbta.

    throughout his lifetime. ~~ ~l:l-1

    the

    J->

    t U..UI o)jy. 1-J;aakim btifa9

    148

    b-wazaarat d-difaac IJ,agg nafsa. The


    ruler retained the ministry of defense
    for himself.
    ~ mal)fa(Ja p . .ill~ mal)aafi(J, -aat

    briefcase, attache case.


    W~ m/J,aafa(Ja (v.n. from III .llib-

    IJ,aafa(J) 1. safeguarding. 2. protection,


    defense. 3. preservation, maintenance.
    .:..r-- \11 ~ ~~I li-ml)aafa(Ja ca[a
    1- 'am in preservation of the peace.
    .J~\11 Jkl.e J>- ;;.k;~l/i-ml)aafa(Ja ca[a
    manaa{ig 1-'aa()aar maintenance of

    archaeological sites.
    Jaj~

    IJ,aafi(J (act. part. from ~


    bifa(J) p. -iin, .1t- l)uffaa(J 1. having
    learned s. th. <L.......oo J.J~ .ill~ IJ,aafi(J
    druusa. He has learned his lessons.
    y ~I JJ...l...>.- .lliL:.- IJ,aafi(J jadwal 9(Jarb. He has learned the multiplication table. 2. (p . .1t- IJ,uffaa(J) one
    who has learned the Quran by heart.
    Jaj~ mbaafi(J (act. part. from III .llib-

    baafa(J)

    1. (p. -iin) a conservative.


    ~~~ y f>" IJ,izb li-ml)aafoiin the
    conservative party. 2. (with J>- cala)
    complying with, preserving, keeping .
    bU! ml)aafi(J ca[a ttacliimaat
    complying with instructions. o...I..S-J ~ bU! mbaafi(J cafa
    wacda keeping his promise.
    ..::,..~1 ~

    ~~

    c IJ,jf
    ~

    ba.ff (~ yl)iff) 1. to be or
    become dry. ~~ l) .:J..-JI 0 #
    ~ ~ ybuf!uun s-simac fi s-sams
    /een ybiff. They put fish in the sun
    until it gets dry . ...A>- 1,;11-hawa l)a.ff
    The weather became dry. 2. to pluck,
    remove, scratch off. ~ .j). L..[ a... }-1

    U .J>-.J ~ ,y..J 1-IJ,urma 'imma tl)ifflo


    tzayyin sacar ryuulha.
    A woman
    either plucks or shaves the hair on her
    legs. "-!)~ .:r- ~\11 ~~ J>. baff
    s-sacar 1-'abya(J min sawaarba. He
    removed the grey hairs from his
    moustache. ;) _,..JI ...A>- IJ,aff 1-cuud He
    stripped off the stick. 3. to be or
    become weak. ~ ~~ 0~ badan
    s-seeba yl)iff. An old man's body
    becomes weak .

    JL,:,- IJ,aaff dry, not humid. ~ I_,.J.I


    JL:.- y y

    ~ ~I

    1-hawafi 1-gee(J

    hini muub IJ,aa.ff The weather in the


    summer here is not dry. Jb- .:r.,JI ~fi
    f-ceen baa.ff In the city of Al-Ain it's
    dry.
    J~c bfl
    ~~ IJ,tifal
    VIII (with y b-) to
    celebrate, have a celebration. UA.::.-1
    ~~ htifalna b-1-ciid We celebrate the
    feast day.

    ~ f:zafla p. -aat 1. party. ~ ~_,...

    sawwet f:zafln. I gave a party. 2.


    ceremony.

    p1 ~ ~ ~ y

    0\5'
    caan fii l:zaflafi ga$r s-seex. There was
    a ceremony at the Shaikh's palace.
    iJ"~ ~ baflat cirs wedding
    ceremony. l...l..J:. ~ f:zaflat gada
    luncheon. 3. concert. \.:S. ~ l:zaflat
    gina concert of vocal music.

    J~l htifaa/ p. -aat celebration,


    festival. ,y..j J-K' J~l ~~ f:ztifalna
    btifaal killis zeen. We had a great
    celebration.

    u~~

    c l:ifyt

    ~ IJ,afiit

    1. (better known as ~

    149

    yibal/Jafiit) Mount Hafit (near


    the city of Al-Ain). 2. Hafit (small
    town near Al-Ain).
    j

    I! ._j C

    IJfyz
    hafiiz p. -aat office. _r-A>- J..)
    ~.s' _,...:.ll ween IJafiiz s-sarika? Where
    is the company office?
    ~

    ~~c IJgb
    ~ IJugub p. y~l IJgaab belt
    (usually worn by women).'-:-"'.:, ~
    IJugub oahab gold belt.

    ..)~ C /Jgr
    ~

    IJigar (~ yiJagir) to despise,


    scorn. . . . . ; )~ ~ . olh ~ ..~>-L...
    mal:ziJad
    yiJaCi wi.waa. killhum
    yiJagruuna. Nobody talks to him. All
    of them despise him.
    ~ IJaggar II to humiliate, degrade.

    Jr">- .._,_;I)I ,j ;;~~j o~ \... ma ca(oo


    ziyaada fi r-raatib. IJaggaroo. They
    didn't give him a salary increment.
    They humiliated him. C 1.JJ ............,;. ~
    ;; y-~ 0 J~ ll.i.:ll J:zaggar nafm w-raab
    1-bafla b-duun dacwa. He degraded
    himself and went to the party without
    invitation.
    _# l:zagiir p. -iin, <.S )-4;.- bagaara. 1.
    low, base, vulgar. ;; ~ ~\>. if min
    caayla l:zagiira from a low family. 2.
    mean, cheap. ~ .._; ~ fa$arruf
    /:zagiir contemptible behavior. 3. contemptible, despicable. p.- ~
    l:zagiir contemptible person.

    SUX$

    lJI~ l:zigraan (v.n. from..? bigar)


    contempt, disdain, scorn.
    JI}J-1
    Jl~l 1-/:ligraan ygatW l-mu$raan.
    (lit., "Contempt cuts up one's

    intestines.")

    '~~c

    IJgg
    ~ IJaggag II 1. to realize, fulfill.
    .Ut..l JS' ..;- IJaggag kill 'aamala. He
    has realized all his hopes. 2. (with y
    b-) to investigate . ..!.J.:>~ ...:....AA>- ..::...:.-L,l.l
    J-::All 1-mabaa/Ji{) IJaggagat b-IJaadifJ
    1-gatil. The government agency of
    investigation investigated the killing.
    3. (with l......,!IJ wi.wa) to interrogate.
    olh I~)~\ ~ )..i_..:.) y>- j
    zaxxoo w-xaooo maktab t-tal:zgiig
    w-/Jaggagu wiwaa. They arrested him,
    took him to the office of investigations
    and interrogated him.
    ~

    tbaggag V 1. to be realized, be
    effected. .Jt..l JS' ~ t/Jaggagat kill
    'aamaala. All his hopes were realized.
    2. to make sure, reassure oneself, be
    sure. ':} ~ o )ft-/ ,j .:.>L...i ~ .,___;\ ~
    !.lb [J_,.; tl:zaggag 'innafii 'amaanfi
    bayruut gabil Ia truul:z hnaak. Make
    sure that there is peace in Beirut
    before you go there. 3. to tum out to
    be true, be confirmed. 6,)\..4:;...,\ p>- ~
    ;; )j_,__ll tl:zaggag xabar stigaalat
    1-wazaara.
    The news of the
    resignation of the ministry has turned
    out to be true. ~ ...,_;IJ)I ~~j "s-\...:;,1
    'isaacat
    ziyaadat
    r-rawaatib
    tl:zaggagat. The rumor of an increase in
    salary has been confirmed.
    ~~ stal:zagg X 1. to deserve, merit

    s.th., be worthy of s.th. L... ,........; J.#c.?:U. J!..o U..l..v ~ yl:zaggruuna, ma


    yista/:zigg mucaamala mi()il haaoi.
    They humiliate him. He doesn't deserve such treatment. c.? I ~ ...}>} ~
    ~.UI ~ L... ~ ~ /:zG$$Gft

    150
    gar()? 'ii /:za$$alt bass rna yistabigg
    o-oikr. Did you get a loan? Yes, I did,

    but it is not worth mentioning. 2. to


    be entitled, have a claim to s.th. J5'

    ojL>..! ~ ~ .....AJ.;Y' kill muwa(J(Jaf


    yistabigg sahar 'ijaaza. Every employee is entitled to one month's
    leave. ~.r-- o~~j ~ yista/:zigg
    ziyaada sanawiyya. He is entitled to
    an annual increment. ..::.. ~ ...:;_j i
    ~J~ ~-~ \~ ~~ 'inta
    kisart s-seekal bagga; yistabiggak
    b-miiteen dirhim.
    You broke his

    bicycle; he has a claim on you for two


    hundred dirhams. 3. to become due or
    payable, mature. ~ ~ 4..1~1
    ~ 1-kumbyaa/a tistabigg cugub
    sahar. The note becomes due in one
    month. \y.:;J l) oJL...JI ~\...pi
    wl)' ~ ..!..Ll.iJ li-mgan(ir rna xal!a$
    fi-cmaara fi wagitta; lioaalik yistabigg
    The contractor did not
    garaama.

    finish the building on time; for that


    reason there is a penalty due against
    him.
    ~ J:zagg p. J ~ bguug I. right,
    title, legal claim. U. L..... ~ ,:r ; ,. _rll

    ..::.. ~ ~ !-burma hini baed rna /aha


    J:zagg f$awwit. Women here do not yet
    have the right to vote. ~ J>- U.l 'ilha
    bagg fiiha. She has a claim to it. ,y
    .!.,L..#. ..,.Jl.W ~ min baggak ttaalib
    b-jluusak. You have the right to ask
    for your money.~ J>- ..!..Ll \...rna /ak
    bagg ca[ee.
    You have no claim

    against him.

    2. one's due

    J ~) i.,?"""",u

    catooni

    ~ _,.6.&-

    fluusi

    w-fannasuuni. They gave me what was

    due me and laid me off. ~ ~ y Y'


    ~ ~ ~ j'Y y .l-'" 0\S' muub J:zaggi?

    caan muub laazim ycayyib cafayya.

    Isn't it my right? He shouldn't have


    called me bad names. ~~ .rJb J..L,.:.
    4...:.. ~ .u.T .uri u:~ ~Js- ~$idj
    huwa IIi hica ca[ayya? leen 'acuufa
    'aaxio baggi minna. Is it true that he
    said bad things about me? When I see
    him, I will get my revenge on him. 3.
    truth. !.I~IJ ~11-bagg wiyyaak. You
    are right. ~ (,>i ~ L. ~~ J-> J
    w-bagg a!!a rna simact 'ayya sayy. I
    swear (lit., "It's God's truth."), I
    haven't heard anything .. ~1
    :i.....A

    t11

    ~ .r. ~I hassa tifac 1-bagg.


    1-mabkama barratni. Now the truth

    has come out. The court found me


    innocent.
    4. (p. only) 1
    prudence.
    J _,_...A)-I L...:l5'" ku/liyyat
    1-buguug the college of law, the law
    school. 5. (as prep.) to, towards (e.g.,
    a place). ~ J) ~..dl J>- ...:;_:... J ribt
    J:zagg t-tindeel w-rammasta. I went to
    the supervisor and talked to him.
    )..UI 0->- C L.:..illl-miftaab bagg d-daar
    the house key. 6. (with ~ man)
    whose, belonging to whom. (,>i..J.
    ~ .:.;---- J>- o}:-..Ji haaoi s-sayyaara /:zagg
    man? Whose is this car? 7. for, for the
    purpose of. U:ib~ J>- _r.ll ~ ha 1-bazz
    /:zagg binaat/iin. This material is for
    pants.

    J->-i

    I. (with ,y min)
    more worthy, entitled, deserving. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the most worthy,
    entitled, deserving.
    'al:zagg (elat.)

    ~i 'aJ:zaggiyya

    p. -yyaat

    legal

    claim, title, right.

    ~ /:lagiiga p. ~1.-l:zagaayig I.
    fact. U. ~i J..ui L. ~ (,>h haaoi

    151

    J.S"

    2. deserving, worth. ~
    ~
    deserving good
    things.
    3. due, payable. U~l
    ~ 1-kumbyaala mista/:tigga. The
    note is due.

    /:tagiiga rna 'agdar 'ankirha. This is a


    fact I cannot deny. 2. truth, reality. l)
    ~I ji 1-f:tagiiga in fact, actually. l)
    ~ p i L..p.:-i ~I ji 1-f:tagiiga
    'uxutta 'aymal minha. Actually, her
    sister is more beautiful than she is. 3.
    true nature, essence.
    lpf' .:r.:-J-1~

    mista/:tigg kill xeer

    Js-

    s_:;....

    /:tagiigatta.

    oa/f:tiin

    carafitta

    ~~c: /:tgg
    ~

    ca[a

    f:zagga

    p. -aat

    net used for

    trapping birds.

    Now I know her true

    nature.

    ~~ f:taggaani p. ~l.O.>. f:taggaaniyya,

    ._;..-A.:>.! 'il:zgag young female camel,

    -yyiin 1. just, honest, fair. 2. an honest

    about two years old.

    person.

    ~ taf:tgiig (v.n. from II~ l:zaggag)


    I. realization, fulfillment. ....;u...... i ~
    ;iS'~I ta/:tgiig 'ahdaaf s-sarika the

    'u~c:

    /:ligan (? yf:tagin) to give an


    enema. ~ ~ J>-- 'Y ($l.. ~)\ ~
    /:ligan 1-marii(J maay lajil yamsi batna.

    of the goals of the


    2. investigation, check.
    6....:)>1 ~ tal:zgiig 1-hawiyya identity
    check.

    He gave the patient a water enema so


    that he'd have a bowel movement.
    ~I l:ztigan VIII 1. to be given an

    enema. 2. to be congested.

    ~ mf:taggig (act. part. from II~

    1. investigator.

    ~ l:zugna

    2. interro-

    W~l

    l:ztigaan (v.n. from VIII ? I


    f:ttigan) congestion. :iS )I 0\..i:;....l l:ztigaan
    r-ri'a lung congestion.

    ~ mf:taggag (p.p.

    from II ~
    1. confirmed, established.

    /:zaggag)

    yayyta ;;aarat

    mf:taggaga.

    His arrivai has been con2. sure, certain, unquestion-

    firmed.
    able. _} ~ C"-=!IJ ~ m/:taggag raayi/:1
    yitragga. It's certain he will be promoted.

    u~c: /:tgn
    W~

    hundred riyals. cj} ~

    ;;,;...... .J

    JL..,:,

    ;;aar-la sana mista/:tigg tarjiic. He's


    been entitled to promotion for a year.

    mil:zgaan

    p. jU! maf:zaagin

    funnel.

    ddc:

    l:zkk

    ~ l:zakk (less common var. of l:zacC).


    See under &&c: l:zcc.

    mistaf:tigg (act. part. from X


    ~I staf:tagg) p. -iin 1. entitled to.
    JL-u ..
    ;;... ~ mistaf:tigg
    xamsmiyat ryaal. He is entitled to five

    p. -aat, ~ f:tugan 1.

    enema. 2. syringe.

    gator.

    L....U.s! ..:... JL.._.p ~

    l:zgn

    realization
    company.

    /:zaggag)

    l:zigga (less common var. /:tijja) p.

    ~d

    c:

    l:zkm

    ~ l:zikam (~ yl:zakim)

    l. to
    ~ ~ ~ ~~
    s-seex l:zikam casar siniin. The Shaikh
    cala)
    ruled for ten years. 2. (with
    govern, rule.

    Js-

    152

    a. to sentence s.o. .....,.U:. ~ ~L4.11

    They tried him and found him guilty .

    .J"'-"' .:.r.,;...... ~ l-gaa(Ji l)ikam ca[ee b-

    ~ t}Jakkam V to have one's own


    way, handle s.th. arbitrarily. ck..dl
    ~f- Lo.b W _,s:J1 L) ~ t-tindeel

    xams siniin sijin. The judge sentenced

    him to five years in jail. b. to insist,


    demand, order. o~IJ C))~~

    yit}Jakkam

    }Jikam catayya 'aruu}J wiyyaa. He


    forced me to go with him.~ (,?..U)
    ~ .J (,?~j
    wildi }Jikam cafayya
    'astirii-la seekal. My son insisted that
    I should buy him a bicycle. 3. to pass

    The supervisor can do anything he


    wants with the coolies. o..i;L.... ~I ~
    y'.>L,b.Ji L) J ~ bac(J l-'asaatoa
    yit}Jakkamuun fi t-tullaab.
    Some
    teachers handle students arbitrarily.

    Js-

    judgment, express an opinion, judge.


    J..W[; ~ ~ j'J r5'l.J-il-J;aakim laazim
    y}Jakim b-f-cadil. A judge must judge
    fairly. 4. to deliver a judgment, rule.
    ~ L. ~~\_,.All ._j ~ L... j_,s:Ji ~
    L.r--:!)
    f:zakam l-kuura ma ycarf
    l-gawaaniin; ma y}Jakim zeen. The

    soccer game referee doesn't know the


    rules; he isn't doing a good job.
    l..i-"'" ~_,...o 41 ~ 1-f:zakam }Jikam
    'innaha (Jar bat jaza. The referee ruled
    that it was a penalty kick. 4. to be due,
    come due, arrive (prayer time).~~

    p1

    .:>.:. _;..ll J.:.i . y ~I o)L.o ~ hai}Jiin


    f:zkamat ,~alaat li-mgarb.
    'aooan
    1-mu'aooin. Now the sunset prayer is

    due. The muezzin has made the call to


    prayer.
    ~ f:zakkam II to appoint s.o. as ruler,
    choose an arbitrator. o~ Jl....b ~I
    .:.r--- ~ ._:;;ll ._j _r..) ~ ~ ,J \j
    s-seex taal cumra gaal, "l:zakkim
    caglak w-cuuf 1-/:zagg cafa man. " The

    Shaikh, may he live long, said, "Let


    your reason be the judge, and see who
    is at fault."
    ~~ f:zaakam III to try s.o. in a law
    court, arraign, try. oJ..l..>.- JJ or-S"'L>-

    .____.;..L. f:zaakmoo w-wajadoo mionib.

    fi l-kuuliyya mi8il-ma yriid.

    ~I n}Jikam VII to be sentenced.


    ~y ~I n}Jikam m 'abbad. He was
    sentenced to life imprisonment. ~I
    ~1.!.$-':;\....,_ n}Jikam b-1-'icdaam. He was
    sentenced to death.
    ~I }Jtikam VIII to seek judgment,
    appeal for a legal decision. 1_,_.;. J~
    ~I~ 1~\J thaawsaw
    w-}Jtikmaw Cind s-seex.
    They
    quarreled with each other and sought
    judgment from the ruler.

    ~ flUkum p. ~~i 'a}Jkaam 1. rule,


    government, regime. (,?" J~ ~
    f:zukum jumhuuri republican form of
    government.
    _r--jl ~~ 1-/:zukum
    t-tirki
    the Turkish rule. ~b ~
    f:zukum oaati self-rule, autonomy. 2.
    judgment, verdict, sentence. -'-!y ~
    }Jukum m 'abbad life sentence. r-<.:,..
    \\.!.$- 'i~ f:zukum b-1- 'icdaam
    death
    sentence. ~~ ~ f:zukum giyaabi
    sentence in absentia. ~ ~
    f:zukum xajiif light sentence. 3. rule,
    regulation, provision, decree. iL<.:,..i
    J jLAll 'af:zkaam 1-gaanuun provisions
    of the law. y _;>'" iL...S:..:.-i 'af:zkaam
    curjiyya martial law. ~~i \AI oJJ_,...all
    9-9aruura 'ilha 'a/:zkaam. Necessity
    knows no law. (lit., "Necessity has its

    153

    own rules".) ~ b-l:zukum a. by


    virtue of, by force of. ~ _,;UII ~
    b-l:zukum l-gaanuun by force ofthe
    law. o~L..JI ~ b-l:zukum 1-caada by
    the force of habit. b. almost, virtually,
    as good as. ~~ ~ b-l:zukum
    1-mustal:ziil virtually impossible.

    ~ l},akam p. r~ /:zikkaam referee,


    umpire.

    ~ /:zikma
    p. ~ /:zikam
    wisdom. 2. maxim. 3. rationale.

    1.

    ~ l:zakiim

    p. ~ l:zukama 1.
    wise, judicious. 2. wise man, sage. 3.

    doctor, physician.
    L

    l:zukuuma p. -aat government.


    L _p.1 .r-IJ~ dawaayir 1-/:zukuuma the
    government departments, the government offices.

    . . ,. . .p

    l:zukuumi
    1. government,
    governmental, official. ~ ~ ~~
    makaatib l:zukuumi)ya
    government
    offices. ...,- ~ ..L.9 J wafd l:zukuumi
    official delegation. 2. public, state,
    state owned. ~ ~ ;;_.. J..\...t madrasa
    l;ukuumiyya
    public school. ._;.)
    ~ ~ 'ar9 l;ukuumiyya public land
    3. administration, government. 4.....W1
    ~
    s-siyaasa 1-l;ukuumiyya the
    administration's policy. if _p.1 ~~
    1-manl;aj
    1-l;ukuumi
    the
    administration program.

    .P-1

    ~ mal;kama

    p. ~U! mal;aakim

    court, tribunal. ~~I ~I


    1-mal;kama s-sarciyya
    the Islamic
    court (with jurisdiction in marital and
    family matters). w\..s!:.l ry. ~~ ~.:.>- J
    ril;na 1-mal;kama yoom 1-mul;aakama.
    We went to court on the trial day.

    'I
    Jl:.!::- )II ~ mal:zkamat li-sti'naaf
    court of appeal. ~~ ~
    mal:zkama caskariyya military court.

    ~~ J:zaakim (act. part. from ~


    /:zikam) p. r~ l:zikkaam 1. ruler.
    ~~I 0-:!~1 ~G. l:zaakim
    1-bal:zreen s-seex Ciisa. The ruler of
    Bahrain is Shaikh Isa . ..;..IJLo)'l r~
    /:zikkaam 1-'imaaraat the rulers ofthe
    Emirates. 2. governor. c.,?~ ~\.;..
    l:zaakim caskari military governor. 3.
    judge. ~4 ~L..:I-1 ~ ~ l:zikam
    calee 1-l:zaakim b-s-sijin. The judge
    sentenced him to jail. ~I ~G.
    l:zaakim $-$ull:z justice of the peace.

    ~ ~~ mal:zkuum calee 1. having


    been sentenced. riJ.&. )''--! ~ r~
    mal:zkuum
    caleehum
    b-1-'icdaam
    (those) sentenced to death. 2. person
    who has been sentenced. ~ 15"~1

    ~4 ~ r~I ~IJ li-ml:z~ami


    tl:zacca
    wiyya 1-mal:zkuum ca[ee
    b-s-sijin. The lawyer talked with the
    man sentenced to prison.

    lo:"JC

    /:lib

    ~ l;ilab (~ yl:zalib)

    to milk.
    G.uo.:.ll ~ l;ilab li-ncaya. He milked
    the ewe. (prov.) ~ J~ JY J~
    nguul fJoor yguull:zilba. (lit., "We say,
    'Bull,' and he says, 'Milk it.'")(describes s.o. who argues for an impossible thing).

    ~I nl:zilab VII to be milked. o~~


    r ~..,.. ~~ li-bgara niJ.ilbat
    marrateen 1-yoom. The cow was
    milked twice today.

    H'

    ~ Q.alba (n. ofinst.) p. -aat one act

    of milking.

    154

    L:.b-

    ~ilba (coil.)

    1. fenugreek. 2.
    tonic (prepared of yellowish or reddish
    grains, for women in childbed, and
    during menstruation).
    ~ ~aliib

    1. milk. ;;~~ .5> ~I


    ~ )~ y y 'JL.- -0 Y.AJ ,-0
    J~l
    1-~aliib
    hini
    caadatan fi-cyaaf
    yisrabuuna,
    w-yisrabuuna ~aarr,
    muub baarid. Here, children drink
    milk usually, and they drink it hot, not
    2. one's nature or breeding.
    cold.
    ~~~ I..}L I.?~~ L.. ~ ~aliiba
    ma yxaffii ysawwi haaoi 1-'asya. His
    breeding won't let him do these
    things. (prov.) ~ L.. ~ ~ L..
    JJ..rJI 'illi ma yjiiba ~aliiba ma yjiiba
    z-zoor. You can lead a horse to water,
    but you can't make him drink. (lit.,
    "He who cannot be brought by one's
    milk won't be brought by force").

    YA

    Jll

    y _,l~ ~aaluub heavy rain, often


    followed by hail. ~I J y }L.- ~
    yiji ~aaluub ji s-sta. There is (a period
    of) heavy rain and hail in the winter.

    [J c

    ~lj

    ~ ~alj (less common var. ~alg) p.

    J _,..1>. !Jluuj. 1. throat. 2. mouth . .:...l,..


    !~ $ikk ~aljak! Shut up!

    J cJ c ~t~;t
    ~ l;all;al (~yl;all;il) I. to tilt a

    heavy object,

    move, budge. J....G L.o


    ..L:>.-IJ ~ .L,'J _r=:l-1 J-.>.L; ma gidar
    yl;all;il 1-l;iyar linna 8agiil waayid.
    He couldn't move the rock because it
    was very heavy. 2. to work s.th. back
    and forth, wiggle, jiggle. !)L...., 'J\ JY;)
    I ; L..J.;i i.,?'"" ~ J.--:-.l:-- daxtoor
    d.

    s-snaan

    ~zal!Jal

    (Jirsi gabil-ma cfaca.

    The dentist worked my tooth back and


    forth before he pulled it out.
    ~ tl;all;al (~yitl;al~al) 1. to
    be tilted, moved .. ~ L.. _,.J-1 l.i.l.
    ..L:>.-IJ ~

    haaoa l-~iyar ma yit~al~al.


    8agiil waayid. This rock cannot be
    moved. It's very heavy. 2. to wiggle,
    shake. ~ .J ~ \~ -,? _? 9irsi
    yitl;all;al; yibgaa-la cafic. My tooth is
    loose; it needs to be pulled out.

    u,Jj J

    c 1;/zwn

    I)J~ ~alazoon (coil.) snail. s. -a.

    JJc

    blf

    ~ l;ilaf (~ yl;alif)

    to take an

    oath, swear, vow. ~~ 0:-'- .....A1.- ~ilaf


    yamiin b-llaah. He swore (by God).
    ..J;--'_ ~ ~ilaf yamiin.
    He took an
    oath. ~ .r~ L.o -01 .....A1.- l;ilaf'inna
    ma yiskar bacad. He swore that he
    would never drink again. Lo -01 -...Ab~ J~ ~ilaf 'inna ma baag SOJY. He
    took an oath that he hadn't stolen
    anything . .L,I ~~ 0:-'- .....il>- J ..u.l::JI l>.J...I_dl J_,..Q.: ya s-saahid w-~ilafyimiin
    b-'a!!a 'inna yguul $-:Jidj. The witness
    came and swore by God that he would
    tell the truth. Ji_rAJI ~ ~ bilaf
    cafa 1-qur'aan. He swore by the Quran.
    ~ ballafll 1. to put s.o. under oath,
    swear in. ~ L..J.;i ..u.L.....:JI 1~
    ~I J .0~4---=- hallafaw s-saahid
    gabil-ma ycati sahaatta ji 1-mabkama.
    They swore the witness in before he
    gave his testimony in court.

    ~~ haalaf III to enter into an


    alliance with, become an ally of. Jl~
    ~~ y ~ 0 ~f"i ...:.....JL> ;;..u,.1:

    155

    bildaan waayda baalafat 'amriika fi


    barb 1-xaliij. Many countries formed
    an alliance with America during the
    Gulf War.
    ~~ tbaalafVI to join together in an
    alliance, make an alliance with. J_,.)
    y ?I cJ ..:....Al~ o..L.>.-1_, duwal waayda
    tbaalafat fi /-barb.
    Many nations
    allied themselves during the war.
    ~41_, L;A]I,j. tbaalafna wiyyaahum. We
    allied ourselves with them.
    ~ bilf p. J'.>\....>i 'ablaaf pact,
    alliance. ~ ~ ...;....l.:.- bilf caskari
    military alliance. ~~~ ..;..l.:ll/-bi/f
    /-'at/anti the Atlantic Pact (NATO).
    IJ~ bilfaan (v.n. from J1... bilaf)
    swearing, oath taking. ~I .Jl...Abbilfaan 1-yimiin taking the oath. 0~
    o.)4---!-)1 j.; ~I bilfaan 1-yimiin gabil
    s-sahaada. Taking the oath is before
    testifying.
    ~ baliif 1. allied. ~~ j_,..UI
    d-duwa/1-baliifa the allied nations. 2.
    (p. ~ bulafa) ally.

    ~Jc big
    ~ balga

    l. (p.

    Jb- /:tilag)

    earring.

    ~I 0~ ~I~ ("""!)-I 1-bariim


    bass il/i yilibsuun 1-bilag.
    Only

    women wear earrings. 2. wedding


    band. 3. ring, door knocker.

    JJc

    bll

    ~ ball (Y.ybill) 1. to solve, figure


    out. a.Jl-.J.I J..:o- ball 1-mas'a/a. He

    solved the problem. oL....o )J.) J..:o- ball


    druusa. He did his homework. ~h
    41>-i J...L..ii L... a.JL-. haaoi mas'ala ma
    'agdar 'abillha. This is a problem I

    J-i

    cannot solve. ~ JJ_;-All ~i.._o.


    J...I...Z
    tigdar tbill haaoi 1-fazzuura? Can you
    figure out this riddle? 2. to untie,
    unfasten, unravel. ~i.._o. J->i J..ui L.o
    o..LWI ma 'agdar 'abill haaoi t-cugda. I
    cannot untie this knot. J;: J~ L. .J'.>U
    ~.I- ':J-' jlaan ma yigdar ybill wala
    yarbut. So-and-so has no power or
    influence. (lit., "so-and-so can neither
    3. to dissolve,
    untie nor knot".)
    disband. ~I ..::...6- a... _,s:J-1/i-bkuuma
    The government
    ballat 1-majlis.
    dissolved the parliament. 4. to be
    allowed, permitted, lawful. ..!.ll J;: L.
    .JL.,a...J ~ cJ )"; ma ybill-lak tiftir fi
    sahar rumfiaan. You are not allowed
    not to fast during Ramadan. ~ L.o
    ~I ~ j~ W--lJ ma ybill Ia
    1-muslima tijjawwaz geer /-muslim. A
    Muslim girl is not permitted to marry
    anyone but a Muslim . ..!.ll Ji L. .!.b-:-i
    'uxtak ma tbill-lak. It is not lawful for
    you to marry your sister. 5. to occur,
    take place. !4........5"pll ..::.-..,1.. ballat
    l-baraka! (said to s.o. who comes to
    visit you, e.g., at home, in the office,
    etc.) 6. to set down, land, alight. j:>.r--kJI ball t-teer. The bird came down.
    o.r-L..k.ll ..::...6- ballat !-taayra. The plane
    landed. 7. to take the place of, replace.
    ~
    !.l~i .ji-=JI _;..)i L. .f''u, baaCir
    ma 'adiss s-sugul.
    'abgaak tbill
    Tomorrow I won't go to
    maballi.
    work. I want you to substitute for me.

    Y.

    ~ ballal II 1. to make permissible or


    lawful, sanction. t!J~ (.IJrJI Jb- ~\
    'a!!a ballal z-zawaaj b-'arbac
    bariim. God sanctioned marriage to

    r?

    four women. 2. to declare permissible,


    allow.

    ~ ,a_:J\ ~

    JSi J-b- .r-..UI

    156

    JJc
    ~~ d-diin l;zallal 'akil lal;zam
    1-mayta, yacni li-smica. The (Islamic)

    religion has permitted the eating of the


    meat of one animal not slaughtered in
    accordance with Islam, i.e., the fish.
    3. to make a chemical analysis. \.:..lb..

    p--:,:,.11 ~ J_,..b!:-1 l;zallalna 1-mal;zluul ji


    1-muxtabar. We analyzed the solution
    in the laboratory.
    ~I nl;zall VII 1. to be solved. ~~
    ~~ 1-muskila nl;zallat. The problem
    has been solved. 2. to be untied.
    ~I o...LA.JI 1-cugda nl;zallat. The knot
    was untied.

    p-1 l;ztall VIII to occupy, take over.

    J..:>-1

    ~l_rJI

    -1 .:r.:J # I

    y ? .;..~

    ~_,sj1 bidat l;zarb 1-xaliij leen 1-jee


    fi-craagi l;ztallli-kweet. The Gulf War
    broke out when
    occupied Kuwait.
    ~

    the

    l;zall (v.n. from

    Iraqi army

    J.>-

    l;zall)

    1.

    solving, figuring out. d.JL.ll J-->- l;zall


    1-mas'ala solving the problem. J.>;;JJ_;...AJII;zal/1-fazzuura figuring out the
    riddle. 2. untying, unfastening.
    J~ l;zalaal

    I. allowed, permitted,
    permissible, lawful. (:i._, ~\ ~ J':>L>I;zalaal fi 1- 'islaam permissible, lawful
    in Islam. J'.>L>- ~I 'ibin l:zalaal
    respectable man, nice guy. 2. s.th.
    meritorious and deserving reward in
    the hereafter, such as voluntary
    contribution of alms, e.g., 4 u-L..p
    ..,...kiJI ~adagat ciid l-ji{ir alms at the
    Ramadan Feast. 3. one's possessions,
    lawful possessions, such as cattle, real
    estate, money, etc. JJ~.>.. ~

    .1,.:.4

    ~.I

    ~ J ~ c.l..a>- ~~ yriid yaaxio

    minni l:zalaali 'illi

    l:za~~alta

    b-cirag

    yibiini.

    He wants to take away my


    possessions which I earned with the
    sweat of my brow. J')l._;... JS" kal
    l;zalaali. He stole my legal property.
    4. owed, due. !L,.l>. -~ J".>\:>- o).:-..ll
    s-sayyaara l;zalaal cafeek xioha! The
    car is rightfully yours. Take it!
    ~ mal;zall p. -aat (0\.S:.. mukaan is
    more common). 1. place, location,
    site, spot. ~ ~ ~ ~ majii mal;zall
    hini. There is no place here. ~ J ~
    ~ ~ ..L>-i ~ fannas w-mafii 'al;zad
    yl:zill mal;zalla. He resigned and there
    isn't anyone to replace him.~~\ ll.a.
    ~ ~ y .J-' haaoa 1-kalaam muub fi
    mal;zalla. These words are not a
    priate. 2. room, space. ~ ~ .!.1l L.
    ma lak mal;zall hini. You have no
    room here. 3. shop, store, place. li...l:.&~ ~ .;..~ cindana mal;zallaat fi
    gi{ar. We have stores in Qatar.

    ~ mal;zalli

    I. local. ~ J~i
    'axbaar mal;zalliyya local news. 2.

    native, indigenous, local. ~ c_l=il


    'intaaj mal;zalli local production.

    ~ taf:zliil (v.n. from II jl>- l:zallal)


    analysis. ~;;; ~ tal;zliil damm blood
    test. JL......Qj J.-..=U- taf:zliil nafsaani
    psychoanalysis. ~~ ~~ ~
    muxtabar t-taf:zliil t-!ibbi
    medical
    analysis laboratory.

    J~l nl:zilaal (v.n. from VII jil nl:za/1)


    dissolution, degeneration. J J~l 4
    0 L.5:..

    J.-.5' l) J")L:.:. ~I

    1-'axlaag

    fi

    ji i .nl:zilaal fi
    kill mukaan. There is

    moral degeneration everywhere.

    J~l l:ztilaal (v.n. from VIII j..:>-1


    f:ztall) occupation (mil.).

    I 57
    J~ mal)luul

    I. loose, loosened.
    sikruu mal)luul loose
    screw. 2. untied, unfastened. o..LWI
    U # [-cugda mal)luula. The knot has
    been untied. 3. (p. ~l.s mal)aalii[)
    solution.
    L. J ~ mal)luul maalil)
    saline solution.

    J_,.....L:.

    J.f.----.

    j...1.t:

    ml)allil (act. part. from II


    I)alla[) p. -iin analyzer, analyst.

    ~ minl)all

    J...L.-

    YL.-.

    I. solved. ~
    masaa'il minl)alla solved problems.
    2. loosened, relaxed. a.........k..;. J')\...:.:.i
    'axlaag minl)alla loose morals.
    ~J C 1)/m
    ~ l)ilim (~ yl)alim) I. to dream.

    ..r-"i U) ~r ~ ..:.-...1.:.- 1)/imt l)ilim


    muzcij lee/at 'ams. I had a bad dream
    last night. ...,._ JWI ~ ..:.-...1.:.- 1)/imt jiic
    1-baarl)a.
    I dreamed about you
    yesterday. ofr""i ..::-..:S' ~I ..:.-...1.:.- 1)/imt
    'inni tint 'amiira. I dreamed I was a
    princess. 2. to daydream. :; ~u ._r.
    ~ ~I bass gaacidfi ~-~aff yl)alim.
    He is sitting in class daydreaming.
    ~ l)ilim p. ~')l...i 'al)laam dream.\...
    ~ 'YIJ ~ I...L_., L:!J.:. ma dareena
    haaoa l)ilim walla c;fim. We don't
    know whether this is a dream or
    reality. (:Y~ ~I ~.:. :; ._?..\...$. caayis ji
    dinya 1-'al)/aam living in a dream
    world.

    4.b- !)lima p. -aat, ~ ~ilam I.


    nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female
    breast). 2. (baby) pacifier.

    !Jl....o..b- ~almaan p. -iin dreaming, in a


    state of dreaming.

    .JJ C blw
    ~ !)ala (~ yl)ali)

    I. to be or
    become swe~t. ,~UJI :; .f.-;. ~ l~l
    ~ 'ioa tbutt sa/car ji c-caay, yl)ali. If
    you put sugar in tea, it becomes sweet.
    2. to become pleasant, nice, enjoyable.
    j-JJI:;. 11 ~ o..L.o.A.ll ~
    tiblaa-li 1-gacda ca[a s-siiffi 1-leel. I
    enjoy sitting on the seashore at night.

    ~ ~)alia II I. to make sweet,


    sweeten. ~L.!.ll ..:...J:.- bailee/ c-caay. I
    2. to make
    sweetened the tea.
    pleasant, enjoyable. ~ ~)1 ~I
    oL...,J.-1 ~-~il)ba z-zeen~ tl)alli 1-bayaa.
    Good health makes life enjoyable. 3.
    to make pretty, beautify. _,..J-1 J _,:.AJI
    ~I .:.r-- pi~ n-nafnuufl-bamar
    yl)alliiha 'ak8ar min 1-xa(Jar. The red
    dress becomes her more than the green
    one.

    bilu I. sweet, sweetened. }>- ~t.;.


    caay bilu
    sweetened tea. L. J41
    o_,....1.:.- o-* 0 y._A 1-badu ma yisrabuun
    ghawa hilwa. Bedouins do not drink
    sweetened coffee. 2. pleasant, nice,
    enjoyable. }>- ~ hati bilu pleasant
    talk.
    ..:;.J~p l)alawiyyaat sweet pastries.
    O.J~ balaawa (v.n. from~ ~)ala) 1.

    sweetness. 2. candies, confectionary.


    3. dessert. J-S~I ~ oJ":A..>- L
    kaleena ~alaawa cugb 1-'akil. We had
    dessert after the food. 4. reward,
    gratuity, recompense. ( ~1_,1>. ~alawaan
    is more common. See 01_,1>. ~alawaan
    below.)
    IJI_,.....b- ~alawaan
    money, gratuity.

    reward, present of

    J&- -~

    J.:.

    y .!.1;1_,1>-

    158
    Lii l:zalawaanak miyat dirhim. ca[ayya

    'aana.

    Your reward is one hundred


    dirhams. It's on me. t""J~ ~ ~
    1)1_,_.1>- catatni xamsa dirhim l:zalawaan.
    She gave me five dirhams as a
    gratuity.

    .l ~

    C:

    ,) ~ C:

    l:zmr

    .;-2" l:zammar II 1. to roast. a....t>.-...UI r


    1 UI ~ /:lammar d-diyaaya caza
    n-naar. He roasted the chicken on the
    fire. 2. to brown . ...r-! ,;; j)! a....L>...UI
    1 L.JI ~ L...e _r) Y..:.,. J d-diyaaya

    ~lp l:zalawaani

    p. -yya, -yyiin
    candy dealer, confectioner.

    baarza, bass rajjicha w-l:zammirha


    ca[a n-naar. The chicken is done; just

    ~ tal:zliya (v.n. from II~ l:zalla) 1.


    desalination. ~ ~ mal:zattat tal:zliya
    desalination plant. 2. decoration, embellishment.

    put it back on the fire and brown it.

    l:zmd
    ..L..i"'

    l:zimad (~ yl:zamid) 1. to praise,

    commend, laud. ..L..J)1 t.,.

    Js- 2u1 l..i...Li"-

    l:zimadna !!a ca[a hal-walad.

    We

    praised God for this (baby) boy . ...Li"-1


    ~~ ~) _,.._;, !o~IJ 2u1 'i/:zmidaffa
    w-uskura! su triid bacad? Praise God
    and thank Him! What else do you
    want? ..t......>.-IJ !l~ ~..Ldl t-tindeel
    yl:zamdak waayid.
    The supervisor
    praises you a lot.

    l:zamd (v.n.) praise, commendation.


    !2u ..l...J.I l-l:zamdu lil-laah! Praise be

    ..1.3'-

    to God! Thank God! (usually as a


    response to ~..:1).!. Jloonak? How are
    you?). ...U) <.:.-.!L.::.,. ,2;., ..l...J.I 1-/:lamdu
    lil-laah, yaabat wald. Thank God, she
    gave birth to a (baby) boy.
    .J.....::'Z" l:zamiid praiseworthy, commend-

    able. o...l....._:..i' J":>L>-i 'axlaag l:zamiida


    commendable character (of a person).
    ~ ~l..S'"" ~...UI '~ ~J rabbak

    l:zamiid,

    d-dacma

    Thank goodness,
    was minor.

    caanat

    basii{a.

    the (car) accident

    ~ t/:lammar V 1. to be roasted. 2. to
    be browned.

    .;-A'"I l:zmarr IX to turn red, become red,


    redden. ~ J _,..1) ...::..k.>- '4=--J ~

    leen rammasitta,
    xijlat w-l:zmarr
    weehha. When I talked to her, she
    was embarrassed and (her face) turned
    red. ~I ,y "'+""") _rl l:zmarr weeha
    min l-xajal.
    He blushed from
    embarrassment. '-=-"L...J..I 0-" ....; y !l)
    1)~1) Jirak cyuuna min l-l:zasaasiyya
    w-l:zmarraw.
    He rubbed his eyes

    because of the allergy, and they turned


    red.

    o? humra

    redness, red color .

    bamar f. l_r l:zamra p. /"" l:zumur


    red. ~ C \...,ij -4) 'ariid tiffaal:z l:zamar.
    I want red apples. -:r-j ~~ ~I 1-yil:zl:z
    !-/:lamar zeen. Red watermelons are
    good. ~ ...::..> y moot l:zamar violent
    death. (prov.) _r )'~ ...::..> _r. \.... ..,.J-1 1 _,:11
    e-eoor l-l:zamar ma ymuut 'illa /:lamar .
    A leopard cannot change his spots.
    (lit., "A red bull dies only as a red
    bull.")

    ~I l-l:zamar Al-Hamar (prominent


    Bahraini family).

    _ri

    'al:zmar red (used only with proper

    159
    names). ?~I ~I 1-bal;,ar 1-'al;,mar
    the Red Sea.

    '-""L...3- /;,amaas

    enthusiasm, zeal, ardor.


    with enthusiasm,
    enthusiastically.

    ._,..l.._J,

    JL-3' /;,maar p. ~ IJ,amiir 1. donkey,


    ass.
    2. (used as derog. term for a
    human being) jackass, stupid person.
    ~ L. !}.r /;,maar! mayiftihim. He
    is stupid; he doesn't understand.
    .)l..J-1 l.o> '~ ~

    )l-..3'- l)ammaar
    donkey driver.

    p. o.)L.?- l)ammaara

    ml)ammar (p.p. from I I ?


    IJ,ammar) roasted, baked, grilled.
    ~ C l>.-.:. diyaay ml)ammar roasted
    chicken. o~ 9. puteeta ml)ammara
    baked potatoes.

    '

    (.)M

    ~1.1" l)amaasi stirring, rousing. c)~i


    ~\..r 'aqaani l)amaasiyya stirring
    songs.
    ~

    s-Caleek minna, ha

    li-IJ,maar. You have nothing to do with


    him, that jackass.

    f" C bms

    ..r-2'"

    b-l)amaas

    .,

    mit/:lammis (act. part. from V


    ~ tl)ammas) enthusiastic, ardent,
    zealous.
    ~ ~)
    watani
    mitl)ammis zealous nationalist.
    ~i"C l)ms

    L.....3- /:lmisa p. ~ IJ,amas turtle. ~


    ~I l) ~ ~ fii /:lamas Cibiir ji
    1-xaliij. There are big turtles in the
    Gulf.
    ~i"C bm.J

    p l)amma.J II to roast (coffee beans,


    peanuts, and other seeds). o~~ .._,a-i'-

    l)ammas II to make enthusiastic,


    stir up, excite. ~ _)-JI ~ ~
    ~..,..i l)ammasni cala s-safar. l)agg
    'amriika.
    He made me enthusiastic
    about traveling to America. yl..J=:.
    y.--ol>l.J...I ~ ~)I xitaab r-ra'iis
    /:lammas 1-jamaahiir. The president's

    ~ tl)amma.J V to be roasted. y _r.UI


    ~ li-lbuub tl;,amma.J.
    The seeds

    speech stirred up the crowd.

    were roasted.

    ~ tl;,ammas V 1. io be excited,
    stirred.
    yL...,bl-1 ~-.>ti:"" ~ ..::..-..-J.
    tf:zammast leen simact 1-xi(aab. I was
    stirred when I heard the speech. 2. to
    become enthusiastic, eager, zealous.
    oL....!I)

    CJ) '

    wiyyaa.

    i. tl;,ammast 'aruuf:z

    I was

    going with

    enthusiastic about

    him. ()_,...::.11 J.-.:>- ~

    ...JY- ~~J tf:zammas f:zagg l-masruuc


    w-stacadd ymawwla. He became
    enthusiastic about the project and was
    ready to finance it.

    ~ LJ-!~) LJ-!j IJ,amma.J li-ghawa


    zeen w-bacdeen ta/:lanha. He roasted

    the coffee beans well and then ground


    them.

    f:zummo.J (coli.) 1. chick peas. s.


    ~ ~ f:zabbat f:zummo.J 2. dish
    made of ground chick peas and sesame
    seed paste, usually known as ~
    ~ bummo.J b-tbiina.

    ~I" C f:zm(J
    ~

    (~yf:zami(J) to sour,
    sour, unpleasant. ~ ~

    IJ,ima(J

    become

    lS .f------1 IJ,ima(J ya~ni stiwa


    f:zaami(J. IJ,ima(J means it became sour.

    ._.,a...L......>
    ~

    bamma(J II to sour, become sour

    160
    or unpleasant. ~ a.:,. ')\!.)1 l) ~I .b.

    upset. o~IJ ..:r-~J L;#

    ~ ~ l:zutt 1-l;zaliib .fi 8-8allaaja


    gabi/ Ia yl;zarnrni(J. Put the milk in the

    caan l;zarngaan ca[eena w-bacdeen


    raa(Jeena. He was angry with us and

    refrigerator before it sours.

    later we tried to please him.

    :W,yo

    l;zrnuu(Ja I. sourness. 2. acidity.


    uS)L. ..i.>-1 'ixio rnaaluks
    l;zagg li-l;zrnuu(Ja. Take Maalox for an
    d......P _,...J-1 J>-

    acid stomach.

    I)L.A..i-- 0LS"

    J ~C: l;zrnl
    J-.1" l;zirnal

    (~ yl;zarnil) I. to carry,
    bear, hold, support. o~ o~~ JJ o\:..l.i-

    ~L>

    ..!.1.--.lll;zirna/naa w-waddeenaa cabrat


    s-sirnac. We carried it and took it to

    sour apples.

    the fish market. ~ L. !$"" }J1 I~


    haaoa l-kirsi rna yl;zarnlak. This chair
    won't bear your weight. 2. (with J;
    cafa) to attack, launch or make an
    attack against s.o. or s.th. Jl C: .P.)

    l;zaarni(J (act. part. from ._F


    l;zirna(J) sour, acid . ..;$ ~6- r_r=ll
    l-l:zi$rirn l;zaarni(J killis. Green grapes
    are very sour. ~\..J-1 C Li:ll 1...;->"i L. rna
    'al;zibb t-tiffaal;z 1-l;zaarni(J. I don't like
    (prov.) J~ Lo ~~

    ~l....>. J_,__.A,! ~ ~~ 'illi rna ytuul


    [-canguud yguull;zaarni(J. Sour grapes.

    (lit., "He who cannot get the cluster of


    grapes will say it is sour.") ~6- ~l.!.
    caay l;zaarni(J
    hot drink made by
    boiling crushed dried Omani lemons
    or limes.

    ~~C: l;zrng

    J-2'

    l;zirnig (~ yl;zarnig)

    become angry, mad, furious.

    o..r!

    c11)

    to be or

    t. ~ Jr

    l;zirnig b-saac w-{ifac barra.

    He got mad right away and went


    ..:-U 0) Jr ~y.i
    outside. ~~I
    ~ y
    'ubuuya l;zirnig leen git-la,
    "stirii-li juuti. " My father became
    furious when I said to him, "Buy me

    ,.u

    shoes."

    .j2" l;zarnagi

    p. -iyya 1. hot-tempered,
    2. hot-tempered
    angered.

    easily
    person.

    u\.2"

    ~amaaga

    I. stupidity, foolish-

    ness. 2. stupid or foolish act.


    l)l.,Do ~amgaan

    p. -iin angry, mad,

    ,_,.L.JI ri...W ~ j.s- ,.u_;; ~ J leen


    sirnac 'inni traggeet gab/a, l;zirnal
    ca[ayya jiddaarn n-naas. When he
    heard that I was promoted before he
    was, he attacked me in front of the
    people. 3. to accept, entertain, harbor.
    JL.S:.;~1 ~L ~ L. r+-JI j.Ullf-cagi/
    s-sa/iirn rna yl;zarnil haaoi 1-'afkaar. A
    sane mind won't accept these ideas.
    ~ J~i J->- yl;zarnil 'afkaar
    suyuuciyya.
    He harbors communist
    ideas. 4. to become pregnant. ..:...l.i-...L_) J ~\._:,. J

    brnilat w-yaabat walad.

    She got pregnant and gave birth to a


    (baby) boy . .......:... ~ l;zrnilat rninna.
    She got pregnant by him. 5. to bear
    fruit. WI ~.l;. ..::...lA-- .:;;::)1 o~ syarat
    t-tiin ~milat haaoi s-sana. The fig tree
    bore fruit this year .

    J-3"

    ~ammal II 1. to load. ~ J}JI \..:.l..i'..bW ~arnmalna 1-loori {amaa{. We


    loaded the truck with tomatoes. 2. to
    charge s.o. with s.th., burden, impose
    on.

    o_H" a.:J JJ---"' ~ ~amrnalni

    mas'uuliyya Cibiira.

    He charged me

    I6I
    with a big responsibility. _;S""i ~ ~
    cilk ,y Ia tl)ammla 'a/c()ar min taagta.
    Don't burden him with more than he
    can put up with.

    ~ tl)ammal V I. to be loaded.
    ~ ~ !,>J_,..lll 1-/oori tl)amma/ yil)l).
    The truck was loaded with watermelons. 2. to hold, support, bear. I..U
    .:;..L,u} ~ L... ~~..u !,>.r.-5J1 haaoa
    1-/cubri
    gadiim;
    ma yitl)ammal
    looriyyaat.
    This bridge is old; it
    cannot take trucks. 3. to bear, stand,
    put up with. ~ ~i J..ui \... ma 'agdar
    'atl)ammal bacad. I cannot take any
    more. ~ L...... '-.S;--1 o~ ~ Ia
    tgasimra tara ma yitl)amma/. Don't
    tease him because he can't take it. \...
    o_,_;Jll (,>i...J. j-J-i J..L,jj ma 'agdar
    'atl)ammal haaoi 1-/agwa. I cannot
    stand this gibberish. i ~ L.. ma
    yitl)ammal 'a/am. He can't stand pain.
    4. to undergo, suffer . .!}~ ...~..oo:-IJ ~
    o..U J tl)ammal waayid b-suluuk wilda.
    He suffered a lot because of his son's
    behavior.

    J..oU:.

    tl)aamal VI (with -? cafa) to


    attack, criticize unjustly. -? j.-L-:;; ~
    r-+!~ ~ pill Ia tit~wamal cafa 1-geer ji
    gyaabhum.
    Don't attack others in
    their absence. ~ J-~ U:_l.) J..d'
    t-tindeel daayman yitl)aamal cafayya.
    The supervisor always picks on me.
    ~I nl)imal VII to be borne, endured,
    tolerated. ~ L... i..L.JI ~ !}I~ oaak
    Oagiil d-damm ma yinbimil. That
    disagreeable person is unbearable.
    _;-S'i ~ L...... ~}I 1-wujac ma
    yinl)imil 'akOar. The pain cannot be
    endured any more.

    ~I

    l)timal VIII to feel that


    something is possible, conceivable or
    likely. i ~~ ~ J......;>f 'al)tamil yiyi
    1-yoom. I suppose he will come today.
    ~ yil)tamal
    it's possible, it's
    conceivable. }""~ ~ ~ yul)tamal
    yiyi baaCir. It's possible he will come
    tomorrow.
    l)amil (v.n. from J-i"" l)imal) I.
    carrying, bearing. 2. pregnancy.

    J-.1'"

    J.-.1"

    l)imil p. Jt.rll)maal load, cargo,


    burden. ~ j.-.A'-- l)imil ()agiil heavy
    load.

    L..l.1- l)amla

    p. .:;.."")...A-- l)amlaat I.
    attack, criticism. 2. campaign. ~
    ~~.:>.....:> l)amla $ai)aajiyya
    press
    campaign. ~\;.:..;;1 L...l.i-- l)am/a
    'intixaabiyya election campaign. tlr
    Ml ~ l)amla 9idd 1-jahil illiteracy
    campaign.

    JL..3-

    l)ammaa/ p. J,.-Lr l)amaamiil,


    porter, carrier. ,JLJ-1 J-.-> ..:..J.;
    UI j.:-::. gilt l)agg 1-l)ammaa/, "siil
    1-jina(." I said to the porter, "Carry
    the suitcases."
    -iin

    LlY' bmuula p. -aat l. load capacity,


    load limit. 2. tonnage (of a vessel).

    LJY' bamuula

    p . ._.kl.A' l)amaayil
    stock, extended family. ~ y .:;.1 'ibin
    l)amuula man from good stock.

    J..o~ tal)aamul (v.n. from VI J-U.


    tl)aamal) 1. prejudice, bias. 2. intolerance.
    J~l btimaa/ (v.n. from VIII

    J..::--1

    btimal) 1. probability, likelihood . .Y


    i ~~ ~U-1 ....;,
    J~l jii l)timaal
    'acuuf 1-baakim 1-yoom. There's a

    r-=-i

    162

    good chance I will see the ruler today.


    2. tolerance, endurance, resistance.
    .,......U jL..::.:.-1/:ztimaallil-l:zarr tolerance
    for heat.

    just been loaded.


    ~~C l:zmm

    4...3- l:zumma fever. ~~LA'- o~


    ~ c;nda l:zumma yacni huwa
    m$axxan. He has a fever means "he is
    feverish."

    J.al..>

    l:zaamil (act. part. from j....i-/:zimal) p. -iin I. carrying, bearing. -""


    J J...l.,;,4)1 j.-L...,... huwa l:zamil $-$anduug.

    ~l1" /:zamaam (coli.) pigeons, doves. s.


    -a. rL-:l-1 .J)5"~ J"L..; ~ fii naas
    yaakluun 1-l:zamaam. There are people
    who eat pigeons. ~ !l..~,;s. t.Li"- ~ cam
    J:zamaama cindak? How many pigeons
    do you have? ..:;...L......l.i-- ~ xams
    /:tamaamaat five pigeons.

    He is carrying the box. 2. holder (of a


    document, of a diploma, etc.) ..::.,.._ji
    ~!l? ).J-""' J.-~ 'inta J:zaamiljawaaz
    safarak? Are you carrying your
    passport? Do you have your passport
    on you? ~4L~ ..:,_ji ~~_,J.I ,J-J ween
    l-hawiyya? 'inta J:zaamilha? Where is
    your identity card? Is it on you? I/'
    oi.J~.) o.)~ -....J..~

    sahaadat daktooraa.
    of a Ph.D. degree.

    p. -aat l. bathroom,
    lavatory.
    2. bathroom, room for
    bathing. ~ J rl-:l-1 ...:-..>-.) ri/:tt
    1-/:zammaam w-siba/:zt. I went to the
    bathroom and took a bath.

    She is a holder
    3. (p. J--ly-

    l:zawaamil)
    pregnant. j.-l...>. L ?
    l:zurma l:zaamil pregnant woman.
    Uo~

    ~La-

    hiya J:zaamla

    l:zaamila p. -aat carrier, device

    for carrying or holding s.th. U...~


    ..::..>I)L1 /:zaamilat taa'iraat aircraft
    carrier.
    J~ mal:zmuul (p.p. from Jr /:lima!)
    p. -iin carried, borne. 0:-l ~ .) ~

    ':?U~C /:zmny
    ~

    l:zamanni (dim. of ,:_;A"- )I~ cabd


    r-ral:zmaan) Abd Al-Rahrnan (used for
    endearment).

    ''i~C l:zmy
    ~

    _,.,1:-~

    jnuud mal:zmuuliin b-l-jaww


    airborne troops. (prov.) ~ ft.J J~
    mal:zmuul w-yitra.ffas. Don't bite the
    hand that feeds you. Don't do favors
    to those who do not appreciate or
    deserve them. (lit., "He is carried and
    he kicks.")
    ~ ml)ammal (p.p. from II J--r
    l)ammal) loaded, having been loaded.
    ~ j)lJI 0-' f--S"i ~ t.? .J_,..JJI 1-loori
    ml)ammal 'akOar min 1-laazim. The
    truck is overloaded. ~ o_,..J I..?J_,JJI
    l-loori tawwa ml)ammal. The truck has

    /:zammaam

    /:lima

    (coli.) stinky dark brown

    mud.
    y

    ':? ~C

    /:zmy

    bamma

    to heat, make warm.

    t..jL...... ~~ ~

    l)ammeet swayyat
    maay. I heated some water.

    ~ tbamma V to warm oneself.


    JUI r- ~ tbammeet yamm n-naar.
    I got warm by the fire.
    ~ l)amiyya

    1. zeal, fervor, ardor.


    ~J ~
    /:zamiyya wa[aniyya
    nationalistic zeal.
    2. enthusiasm.
    ~ ~L.,.,. $aal)ib /:zamiyya man with

    163

    ,.

    ate.

    enthusiasm. 3. passion, rage, fury.

    iil.a~

    l.j f' C. })my


    l)ima (~yl)ami) (with ,y min)
    to defend, protect, shelter, shield.
    _,..L.JI .:.r-- ~...U.I ~ ~~ 1-jees yl)ami
    1-madiina min [-cadu.
    The army
    defends the city against the enemy.
    .._,---!.)1 .:r-- ~ Ll.W.I li-m(Ja/la
    tl)amiik min s-sams. The umbrella
    protects you from the sun. liT !Jli 'Y
    ~i Ia txaafl 'aana 'al)miik Don't
    worry! I will protect you.

    law.

    '-"~

    ~La-

    l)imaaya (v.n. from ~ l)ima)


    protection, protecting.
    '-"1...>-l)aami (act. part. from,_?- l)ima)
    protector, defender, guardian. I.S"L.,...
    ._____..l.A.l.l J~.JJI l:zaami d-dtyaar
    1-mugaddasa
    guardian of the holy
    shrines. (prov.) 1-+---l.r- ~b.
    l)aamiiha l:zaraamiiha. The protector
    turned out to be a thief.
    mal)mi (p.p. from ~ /:zima)
    protected. u---=:JI .:r-- ~ ; }-:--ll
    s-sayyaara mal)miyya min s-sams.
    The car is protected from the sun.
    ~~~I ,:r ~~I !-beet
    ma/:zmi min s-sams b-s-siyar. The
    house is protected against the sun by
    the trees.
    p. -aat protectorate

    (pol.). ~~ri ~ .r-.SuiJY.


    poortoriiko ma/:zmiyya 'amriikaaniyya.
    Puerto Rico is an American protector-

    ml:zaamya

    p. -aat

    woman

    lawyer.
    1

    'if' C. })my
    ~

    l:zama (p . .J~ /:zimyaan) fatherin-law. ~..fl..?- l)amaaya my father-inlaw. ~lr l)amaaha her father-in-law.

    iil...J- l)amaa (p. ..:.oly l:zamawaat)


    mother-in-law. t]l....r l)amaati my
    mother-in-law. ..!.t"L...?- l:zamaatic your
    (f.) mother-in-law.

    u(,$ f' C.

    l:zmyn

    ~ l)mayyin (dim. of.:_/"")I ~ cabd


    r-ral)maan) Abd Al-Rahrnan (used for
    endearment).

    ti0C.

    bnc

    l)inic p. C.i->" bnuuc chin.

    :. .,. hns
    .

    '-"" 1.) \,.

    }Janas p. .J~ /:zinsaan long


    poisonous snake.

    ~ mal:zmiyya

    ml)aami p. -iin lawyer, attorney.

    ~~

    ~~

    l)tima VIII to protect oneself,


    defend oneself. ..,_Kl1 ,y ~~ j.a>l;l,-1
    1-jaahi/ l)tima min c-calb. The child
    protected himself from the dog.

    ml)aamaa profession, practice of

    1,

    uC.

    bnt

    .b /:zannat II to embalm, mummify (a


    corpse). ljl..S"" J_,~l .Jl...o )I l) ~~~
    c..JI .J~ l-ma$riyyiin fi z-zamaan
    1-'awwa/i caanaw yl:zanni(uun 1-mayyit.
    In old times the Egyptians used to
    mummify the dead.
    ~ /:zin{a (coil.) Cr. burr is more
    common) wheat. s. ~ ~ babbat
    /:zin{a grain of wheat.

    164

    ~.Jl~

    uC l:m91

    homesickness.

    ~ l;.an(Jal (~ calgam is more


    common)
    colocynth (kind of very

    1J~ l;.anuun

    bitter gourd). ~I .:r /i 'amarr min


    1-l;.an(Jal more bitter than colocynth.

    ~ ~\ JS' ~ cuufs-gadd 'uxuu


    l;.anuun. ycatii kill illi yutulba. Look

    Juc

    /:lnf

    l;.anaji 1. Hanafitic (pertaining to

    an orthodox school of theology,


    2. (p.
    founded by Abu Hanifa).
    -iyyiin, -iyya) Hanafi (member of the
    Hanafite school).

    'UUC

    l;.nn

    /;.ann (.:fi yl;.inn) 1. to long, yearn,


    be anxious. il:! ~I ~~ Jl .:fi yl;.inn 'ila
    oiic 1-'ayyaam. He longs for those
    kill waal;.id
    days. o;)~ ~ .:fi ..J.>.IJ
    yl;inn l;.agg blaada. Everyone yearns
    for their country.~~ of' ~Y. Jl.:fi
    yl;.inn 'ila soofatta marra 6aanya. He
    is looking forward to seeing her again.
    2. (with ~ cala) to feel affection,
    compassion, sympathy for. ~ ~I

    J5'

    ~) ~

    li-me a/lim /;.ann calee

    w-najjal;.a.
    him
    ('""""' J;)

    The teacher took pity on


    and passed him. ~ ~ 4..-li
    ;; ~ ~ J .r--")1 ga{baha /;.ann

    cala 1-fagiir w-catata casara dirhim.


    Her heart went out for the poor man
    and she gave him ten dirhams.
    IJ~

    l;.anaan (v.n. from.:_;> /;.ann) 1.

    sympathy,

    affection, tenderness.

    o.;~ ~ L..
    Cinda oarra min 1-l;.anaan. He

    compassion, pity. 0\J-1

    ma

    2.

    .:r

    doesn't have the least bit of affection.


    ~

    J;.aniin (v.n. from~ /;.ann)


    longing, yearning, nostalgia. Jl ~I

    .:r------k)1

    1-l;.aniin

    'ila

    1-watan

    affectionate.

    1. compassionate,
    .0~ oyi ..li..::o J _,...;.

    how compassionate his brother is! He


    gives him all that he asks for. 2. kind,
    gentle. 0 _r---:.>- ..;....J--" $OOI l;.anuun
    gentle, moving voice.

    ~~ 'al;.ann (elat.) 1. (with .:r min)


    more compassionate, affectionate. 2.
    (with
    foil.
    n.)
    the
    most
    compassionate, affectionate.

    "UUC /:Inn
    L::o- l;.inna <.:1 nil;.in is more common)
    we.
    (:::"!J ~ l;.inna rabiC s-seex.
    We are the Shaikh's followers.

    P'

    'l.j UC l;.ny
    ~

    /;.anna II to dye red (with henna).

    .:,-+:!~[0~ ,_,lll ~ ~)--IJ ..:.A~\


    .:.rAy..;) 1-banaat w-1-l;.ariim hin illi
    yl;.annuun 'iideenhin w-ryuulhin. Girls
    and women are the ones who dye their
    hands and feet red.

    l;.inna (coli.) henna (redish-orange


    cosmetic made from the henna plant).

    ;b.

    "l.j UC bny
    ~ /;.ina (~ yl;.ani) to bend, bow,
    bend forward. ;) _,_.JI ~ /;.ina 1-cuud.

    -r-'

    He bent the stick . .;...IZ ._s:>- ..!.LIJ


    .._}.J...:j 'il;.ni raasak /:latta tigdar d-diSS.
    Bend your head forward so that you
    can enter. ~I ~ ~I 1-kibar yl;.ani
    9-(Jahir. Old age bends one's back.

    ~I nl;.ina VII 1. to curve, twist, turn .


    !}L....:..a. ~I Jl ~ 6.::....-... )I r-rasta

    165
    tinl)ani 'ila 1-yimiin hunaak.
    The
    paved road curves to the right over
    there. 2. to bow. ~ ~ ~~
    ~ ~ ~ yinl)inuun lis-seex leen
    ysallmuun cafee. They bow to the
    Shaikh when they greet him. 3. to
    bend forward. JJ~I JUJ ~~
    nl)ina w-saal ~-~anduug.
    He bent
    forward and picked up the box. ~~
    p--5:J1 .:r oR nl)ina 9ahra min 1-kibar.
    His back bent forward from old age.
    ~ l)unu

    = ~L....;;... l:zanaan affection,


    compassion, sympathy.
    ~

    minl:zini

    1. bent, bowed.

    oR

    ~ 1 ..:r-- ~ 9ahra minl:zini min

    1-kibar. His back is bent with age. 2.


    leaning, inclined. ~\J) ~ o~l
    ~ .f li-syara minl:zanya w-raayl:za
    toogac. The tree is leaning over and
    it's about to fall.

    UJC l:zwt
    /:luut p. ~~ /:liitaan whale. Lo
    _r---->.-1_;>. ~ ~ ~ ~\ l) ~~ 0
    ..L.>.IJ mafii l;iitaanfi 1-xaliU hini bass
    fii yaraayiir waayid. There are no
    whales in the Gulf here, but there are
    many sharks.
    -::.. )->

    [JC l;wj
    ~~I l;taaj

    VIII to need, want, require.


    Y~ c_L..::i til;taaj sayy? Do you need
    anything? L")U J ~ ~ y:-~ JL:JI
    ~ ~ly:-) fi-cyaaf yil;tajuun kutub
    w-g!a~ma w-juwaati bacad.
    The
    children want books, pencils, and
    shoes too. oJ~ ~ C b; yil;taaj-lak
    sayyaara. You are in need of a car.
    ~..dl L.OI_,... u C~ ~ cj.r-JI
    t-tarfiic l:zaggak yi/:ltaaj-la mwaafagat

    t-tindeel. Your promotion requires the


    supervisor's approval.
    4>.-~

    J;aaja p. -aat 1. need, necessity.


    J Lo ma-li l;aaja fiiha. I
    don't need it. C WI ._;...;.; a..:...~ ~
    y~ ~L...JI fii J;aaja tniss ~-~abaal;
    s-saacaa xams? Is there any need to
    wake up at five in the morning? ~
    a:.,.\.J.-1 c;nd 1-J;aaja at the time of need,
    when necessary. ~ ~L. c.?~ Lo
    a....._,.L:l-1 ..L...:S' ,jJ~ ma cindi maanic
    tistacmif sayyaarati c;nd 1-l;aaja. I
    have no objection to your using my car
    ifnecessary. Jl4>.-~ 0fi l;aaja 'ila in
    need of. ~~ ~ _,; Jl d....>.~ 0 J~I
    s-sayyaara fi J;aaja 'ila guuti 'aayil.
    The car is in need of a can of motor
    oil. 2. pressing need, poverty, destitution . .J ~ J Lo ~IS' 4>.-\J..\ Lo) loorna
    l-J;aaja caan rna ril;t-la. Had it not
    been for the pressing need, I would not
    3. need, s.th.
    have gone to him.
    needed, necessary article. !1~ lS>.-6J;aajti ctndak. You have what I ~eed.
    ~ t.... ,tY-...l...p ...l;.Y ~b.. ...:....;15' '~l ctaa
    kaanat l;aajti ctnd ~adiig, rna yga~$fr.
    If a friend has what I need, he won't
    let me down. .11 ~t....l 0 J ~b.. .b:-1
    'ixio J;aajtak w-fi maan illaah. Take
    what you need and good-bye. 4.
    matter, concern, business. , ,a;
    o~ ~~ ga9eet /:laajti ctnda. I took
    care of my business at his place. ell \. . .
    .!) ~ 0 a..:...~ ma-lak /:laaja fi geerak.
    You've got no concern with others. f
    ~ 6,;.,-~ .J Lo ~ _rjl ~ i f murr min
    ihni s-sirti ma-la /:laaja fiik. Walk
    from here; the policeman has no
    concern with you. 5. (p. -aat) goods,
    wares, merchandise. ~ ~u ()J
    ~a_.,.~

    166
    ~i..:;_,L..:.,.I_,..

    'aynabiyya.

    ruu!J,-la; ybiic IJ,aajaat

    n-naas.

    Go to him; he sells

    Shaikh carne and the people clustered


    around him. I couldn't see him. 2.
    (with y b-) to overcome, overtake.

    foreign goods.
    ~ ~ mil;taaj p. -iin
    1. in need,
    needy, poor. 2. person in need of s.th.,
    poor person.

    gidart 'acuufa.

    ~ ..::.J:,\..,.. 4..!~1 ~

    The

    niitic 1-ba!{aa/a

    IJ,aatat biic. Malice has overcome you.

    ..b _r IJ,awwat II to build a wall around,

    ~.JC !;we
    ~I..>

    ~L>-

    IJ,aac
    .:J.Jr; !;wk.

    IJ,aak.

    See under

    .J,J C IJ,wd
    ~I..>

    rna

    IJ,aad

    (~ ~ y!J,uud)

    to turn aside,

    turn away, drive away . .:.r ~4-)1 .:. y


    0~1

    IJ,uud 1-bahaayim min 1-bistaan.

    Drive away the animals from the


    orchard.

    wall in, encircle, surround. 1_,..1yW~ U ~ ~I IJ,awwatu /-beet


    b-IJ,oota caalya. They built a high wall
    around the house .
    ..b~l

    IJ,taat VIII to be careful, be


    cautious, to prepare onself, make
    provision. y~ .1L..:i rj~ /aazim
    til;taat lil-masaakil. You should be
    prepared for problems. .1~ L.. b[
    ~ 0-..-,>- ~ 'iOa rna til;taat

    j,JC IJ,wz

    jl..> IJ,aaz (jy hl;uuz) see under~':? r;

    IJ,yz.
    ~.JC IJ,ws

    lil-muskila IJ,eef cafeek. If you aren't


    prepared for the problem, you will be
    sorry.

    ;u,_r IJ,oota p . .1\y-1 }J,waat


    ~I

    J ..J->"

    6.....1:. y- ~

    1. fence,

    baneena

    ~I..>

    wall.

    collect.

    }J,oota }J,ool /-beet. We built a wall


    around the house. 2. sheep pen.
    d....1 _,.,l I J 0 _,.... Le l-ganam ynaamuun fi
    Hwo{a. Sheep (and goats) sleep in a
    sheep pen.

    baas {J- y>. y!J,uus) to gather,


    r-JI ...;>- ~ J-\.;..) C \J raal;
    w-IJ,aas IJ,asiis /:Jagg 1-ganam. He went
    and gathered some grass for the sheep.
    ~~

    /:Jawwas

    II

    1. to amass,

    gather. J' ~ J- ~
    He got some money.
    2. to save, put by (money). 0y.L J- y
    r-"' J.:. IJ,awwa malyoon dirhim. He
    saved one million dirhams.
    accumulate,

    rJI

    /:Jawwas jluus.

    ..bl~l /:ltiyaat (v.n. from VIII .1~1


    IJ,taa!)
    1. caution, carefulness. 2.

    ~.r'"

    provision, precaution, care . .1~ ')IJ Ia


    lHztiyaat as a precaution, just in case.
    .1~ )\.) ~ j .r. ~~~J .b:-1 'ixio wiyyaak
    barnuu~ Ia li-/:ltiyaa{. Take a blanket
    with you, just in case. 3. (p. -aat)
    precautionary measures, precautions.

    IJ,oos

    p . ._}I..J-->"1 IJ,waa court,

    comiyard.

    .b J C: IJ,wt
    ..b ~ IJ,aat (.1/: y!J,uut) l. to surround,
    encircle. L.. J'UI o_,bl.~) ~\ L.:.:._;_,.._.:;, i ..:...> )..G yaa s-seex w-f:zaa{oo

    J->- ..__.. j)\.)1 ol...k~ ~I _p \)..i.:,:.


    J-}L-l\ xaoaw kill li-/:ltiyaa{aat
    l-laazma f:zagg salaamat li-msaafriin.
    ~')L..,

    They took all the precautions neces-

    167

    sary for the safety of travelers. 4.


    substitute (sports). ~ .1~1 ~) lj~
    oiJWI t.,?h c;ndana 'arbaca l)tiyaatfi
    haaoi 1-mubaaraa. We have four
    substitute players in this match.

    J'~l l)tiyaati l. replacement, spare.


    L4i1J ~I~ y~l ..:,..IJ.)i ~
    fii 'adawaat l)tiyaa{iyya fi 1-muxtabar
    w-1-maktaba.
    There are spare
    instruments in the laboratory and the
    library.
    2. reserve. y~l ..:,..I_,..J
    guwwaat l)tiyaa{iyya reserve forces,
    reserves. ~j J--~1 l)tiyaa{i zeet oil
    reserves.
    ~ mubiit

    1. ocean. 1
    the Indian
    Ocean. 2. environment, surroundings.
    p. -aat

    t.,?..L...:.J.I 1-mubiit /-hindi

    .6.JC bw9
    JP y

    l)oop p. J:>ly-1 l)waap basin,


    trough. j.>-- "Y J:'_,.)-I J->" ~I ~.b:.
    y ~ xaoeet 1-biciir l)agg l-l)oop lajil
    yisrab. I took the camel to the trough
    so that it might drink.

    ~,JC l)wg
    left-overs. L.o es-- .r
    Jl~l ~ i~l .~ l)urur~tima
    tbaxat l-yoom. kaleena bwaag. My

    JIJ->1 l)waag

    wife did not cook today. We ate leftovers.


    ~,JC l;wk
    !I~ l)aak (~ yl)iik)
    l. to
    weave. J _,...- <f_,..:. J'. dL:.- l)aakat
    barnuu~ ~uuf She wove a woolen

    blanket. 2. to knit.
    db. ~ ~
    fi.r---' bint cammi l;aakat-li sweetar.
    My uncle's daughter knitted me a
    sweater.

    4...5'"~ l)yaaka (v.n. from

    !lb. l)aak) 1.

    weaving. 2. knitting.

    l!.itL.,:,.

    l)aayik
    weaver.

    J.JC

    p.

    !IL.::>- l)iyyaak, -iin

    l)wl

    J~ baa/ (JY, yl)uul) 1. to intervene,


    interfere, interpose. L:..:.:! J Y, ~ ~ Le
    L...:..,;:. .)- ~J ma fii sayy yl)uul beenna
    w-been garapna. Nothing is going to
    come between us and our goal.
    JL.,:,.

    baa/ (~ yl)iil) (with cafa) to


    transfer, refer to s.o. ~ ~I Jb.
    .r-.lll l)aa/1-muskila cafa 1-mudiir. He
    handed the problem to the manager.
    ~I.A:ll ~ ......J:;).1 ..:Jl>- o).) )'I /- 'idaara
    l)aalat 1-muwaMaf cafa t-tagaacud
    The
    administration
    retired the
    employee. ~U o.r-b ~ ~w.- .r-.UI
    1-mudiir l)aalni cafa daayra Oaanya.
    The manager referred me to another
    office.
    J~ l)awwal II 1. to change, convert,
    exchange. ..:..>IJ "Y J.) Jl ~ J.) ....Ji ..:Jy
    l)awwalt 'alf dirhim 'ila duulaaraat. I
    changed a thousand dirhams into
    dollars.
    2. transfer, move. ~.J.:.=.ll
    ~U ~ J Jl ~ y t-tindeel l;awwalni
    'ila wapiifa Oaanya. The supervisor
    transferred me to another job. 3. to
    remit, send, transmit (e.g., money by
    mail). ~ i _HI -4}4 J "Y J.) ....Ji ..:J y
    ~ l)awwalt 'alf duulaar b-1-bariid
    1-yoom l)agg hali. I sent a thousand
    dollars through the post office to my
    folks today. 4. (with ,y- can) to turn
    s.th. aside, move s.th. away from. Le

    ~ J .:_rS- ......._; ~

    J.r--->

    ma l;awwal
    cyuuna can weehha. He did not move

    168
    his eyes away from her. 5. to descend,
    dismount, get off. !j_,..,... !r_ri guum!
    /:lawwi/1 Stand up! Go downstairs!
    Jl!ll ..:..,...Jll ~ Jy l}awwil cind f-leet
    e-eaani. Get off at the second (traffic)
    light.

    JJ ~ /:laawal III to try, attempt to do


    s.th., make an attempt. ~ J_,~....>
    _;..W L.. ~ ,~_,;JI l}aawal yintaSil
    1-gariig, laakin ma gidar. He tried to
    pick up the drowned person, but he
    couldn't. r~ J _,~.>. /:laawal yinhazim.
    He tried to escape.
    J~ 1/:lawwa/ V 1. to be changed, be
    converted. ...,._J:._; J! J ~ J~l j5"' kill
    1-xafaa! 1/:lawwa/ 'ila rtabb. All the
    green unripe dates turned to ripe dates.
    (prov.) ~I J_.;-.;JI_, Jy--i j_,i 0L...j
    .._:, _r---- zamaan 'awwal thawwal
    w-1-gazal nga{ab :juuf Time changes.
    Things are no longer the same. (lit.,
    "The olden times have changed and
    spun thread, yam, has changed to
    wool.")
    2. to be transferred,
    reassigned. ,.JL..S:ll U. .:r J_,..j.i L... 1.:.1
    ~i 'ioa ma 'albawwal min
    hal-mukaan, 'afannis. If I don't get
    transferred from this place, I will quit.
    3. to be remitted, be changed. J ~ ~I
    1-mab/ag 1/:lawwa/. The sum of money
    was remitted. 4. to move.~ .y \.J ~
    ~..c.,. ~ J! r--:t-lAll t/:lawwalna min
    beetna 1-gadiim 'ila beet yidiid. We
    moved from our old house to a new
    house.
    J~t /:ltaal VIII (with ~ cala) to
    cheat, deceive, dupe. .L.:. J ~ Jl:.:>-1
    _;~.) ....A-li L....;... /:ltaal ca[eena w-xao
    minna 'a/f diinaar. He cheated us and

    took a thousand dinars from us.

    Jt-- baa/ p. Jl_,..,...i 'abwaal 1.


    condition, state. kJJ~ ....;.._.$' ceef
    l}aalak? How are you? 2. situation.
    3. circumstance. ~j ...Jiyi 'abwaala
    zeena. He is doing very well. j5"' ~
    J~....> ca[a kull /:!all at any rate, in any
    case. ~ ~ \.... ,J~>. j5"' ~ ca[a ku/1
    /:laa/, ma ca[eek minna. At any rate,
    don't pay attention to him. 4. (p.
    jl_,_..,...i 'al}waal) matters, affairs,
    ~.!.L.Jiyi J--..? ceef
    concerns.
    'a/:lwaalak?
    How are things? ;; r-b
    ~I Jl.,._-\11 daayral 1-'a/:lwaal
    s-sax:Jiyya vital statistics department.
    Lll>- l}aa/-ma (conj.) as soon as, the
    moment that. J-..o ~ Li~>. J-..i gul-li
    /:laal-ma yoo:ja/. Tell me as soon as he
    arrives.

    ~~ /:laa/an (adv.) immediately. ~I


    '11....> .........,; tta:Jil jii /:laa/an. Contact him
    immediately.

    ;u~,:.. /:laala p. -aal 1. condition, state.


    ts)_rb UL- /:laalat [awaari' state of
    emergency.
    2. situation . ...;, _;Ls. Lil
    ~ y. 4 ...!..81>. 'aana caarif /:laaltak ya
    bu ca/i. I know your situation, Abu
    Ali.
    3. case . ..:...'l\J-1 .:r Ul>. r..?i.J.
    ~I /:laaoi /:laala min 1-/:laa/aat
    :J-:Jacba. This is one of the difficult
    cases. !}~IJ JA.---=JI ..;.)i 6.ll.:ll f..?.l.A 'Jfi
    haaoi 1-/:laa/a 'adiss s-sugul wiyyaak.
    In this case, I will go to work with
    you.

    Jy

    boo/

    (bawl is a var. in literary


    1. might, power. J_,..... 'l
    0
    .ill~ 'll jj 'l J Ia bawla wa-la guwwata
    'ilia bil-laah. (expression of resigna-

    ~tterances)

    169
    tion) There's nothing I can do about it.
    (lit., "There's no power and no
    strength except in God.") 2. (prep.)
    around, about, in the area of. ai_,1. .y
    ~WI J_,....- fii {oofa boo/ li-bnaaya.
    There is a wall around the building. 3.
    approximately, about. ~ J.r> 4
    ~ ya boo/ xamsimyat nafar. About
    five hundred people came. 4. about,
    concerning. ~~ J~ ~IJ ~
    ~'Y _,J ~I l)aceet wiyyaa l)ool oiic
    1-ga{Jiyya /o Ia? Did you speak with
    him about that problem or not?
    ~ !)eel strength, power, vigor, force.

    J.,>- 'Y J

    ;; _,...; ..J L.. ma Ia guwwa wala


    !)eel. He is completely helpless.

    ~ l)iila

    p. j:>- l)iyal trick, wile. L.


    ~ 'Y J J.,ll () mafi 1-yadd wala I) iiia.
    There is no recourse; there's nothing I
    can do. j:>- ..,_..,..~....> :;aal)ib l)iyal tricky
    person; man of excuses.

    4JI_r l)waala p. -aat money order.


    4..,.1.41 ..;>- a.liy- ...:;....;. _). {arrast l)waala
    l)agg 1-gun.~uliyya. I sent a money
    order to the consul at:;:.
    J'.~ l)awaali (prep.; less common
    var. J_,....- ~wol) about, approximately.
    r-"'.J;) .J_,....+. Ji_,....- l;awaali malyoon
    about one million dirhams.
    dirhim
    ~L-ll JI.J-'""" l;awaali s-saaca
    xams about five o'clock. JIJ> ~
    ~.);) .)_r-1.. ;; ~ cinda l;awa~li casara
    malyoon dirhim. He has about ten
    million dirhams.

    ...r-->-

    J~ /:lawai

    crossing of the eyes . .Y


    4 .Y-? l) J _,...... fii l;awal fi cyuunha.
    Her eyes are crossed.

    J~ /:lawai f. 'YJ> /:zoo/a p. JJ>" l:zuul

    1. cross-eyed. 2. cross-eyed person.


    J~ ml;awwil (act. part. from II JJ>"
    l;lawwal) p. -aat transformer (el.). I~!
    J_,..s \.;~ 4A~.II ..;........bA.il 'ida ngi{acat
    1-kahraba, c;ndana ml)awwil. If the
    electricity is cut off, we have a
    transformer.

    4.4~ tal;lwiila p. -aat, J-Jli tal)aawiil


    l. detour. 4 _,s:J1 .JI.y .:l,.I..U ~~ j..J
    ~)JI () .J ~ tl;la:;:;il tal;wiila
    jiddaamak li'an 1-kuuliyya yistagluun
    fi t-tariig. You will find a detour in
    front of you because the coolies are
    working in the road.

    LJ J~ ml)aawala p. -aat attempt,


    endeavor, try.
    J~ mul;ltaal (act. part. from VIII
    Jl....::>-1 l;ltaal) p. -iin swindler, cheat,

    imposter. 2. crook, scoundrel.


    ~ mustal;iil (less common var.

    mistal)iil) 1. impossible, absurd, preposterous. ~ ~ l.i.....o. haaoa


    sayyin mustal;iil.
    This is an
    2. (with foll.
    impossible thing.
    imperf.)
    it is impossible that ...
    ~_,..... (J_,J ~ mustal)ii/ truul;l
    :;oobhum. It is impossible that you go
    to their place.
    ~.J C l;wm
    ~~

    ~zaam (~ _,.>; yl;uum) 1. to go


    around, circle. 0;-l J _,.....JI l) ~ _,.>; J.1;

    ~.r- Jll ~ {Jail yl)uum fi s-suug leen


    liga lli yriida. He kept going around
    in the marketplace until he found what
    he wanted. ~~ \..1. ~ ~ y. o..Lo .J .JI...>
    :;aar-la mudda ybuum ca[a ha s-sugul.
    He's been after this job for a while. 2.

    170
    to hover, fly around. ~L:.- J ~L:.- _r--hJI
    ~ ~~J t-teer l:zaam w-baam
    w-bacdeen batt. The bird kept circling
    and then it carne down.

    I ,J ,J C bwwaa
    1~ bawwa

    Eve. IJ-""' J ~~1 'aadam


    w-bawwa Adam and Eve.

    ~'i

    bye

    ~~

    baayic = ~L:.- baayik.


    under d ~ byk.

    See

    .)l..:>- baad (~ ybiid)

    to remember,

    recall, recollect. ~.f GS \ y.. L.


    ma tbiid yoom Cint marii(J? Don't you
    remember when you were ill?

    ., '->' c

    byd

    baad (~ y/J,iid) (with~ can) to


    deviate, stray, move away from. L.
    ~ .J...;:> ) J J..L,a.)l ~ ~ ma ybiid
    can !}-!}idj walaw (Jidd ma~labta. He
    doesn't deviate from tmth even though
    it's against his own welfare.
    .)L,:..

    .)L? IJ,iyaad neutrality.


    1-biyaad
    LJ;----o ~ 'Y I

    ~v-1 ~

    cafa

    neutral. L. \~L,..J-1 ~ ~
    ..1..:: huwa cata

    j)L..;... l)

    want to go.~ -l:!_r- o.f J~ ~..ll)


    ~ -l:!_r- o.f J wildi bayyarni. marra
    yriid seekal w-marra yriid butbuta.
    My son's given me a hard time. One
    moment he wants a bicycle and the
    next he wants a motorcycle.
    or become
    puzzled,
    bewildered. ~ ~ G ~J~ L. J -:.>
    tbayyart w-ma dareet s-asawwi. I was
    confused and didn't know what to do.
    !.II~ _,J ~I l..i.....A ~_r-..;.i ...:..> _;). tiJ,ayyart
    'astiri haaoa !-beet lo oaak. I was
    undecided whether to buy this house
    or that one.

    .r:J.

    .)l::;.-1 btaar VIII= V _;). tbayyar.

    o_r.,.

    biira
    confusion, perplexity,
    puzzlement. o.? l) ~ J t+"i ~;
    trakattum 'ummhum w-xa{fattum fi
    biira Their mother abandoned them
    and left them helpless.

    J--->-

    1-biyaad; ma yiddaxxal ji masaakil


    1-'aadmiin. He is neutral; he doesn't
    interfere in people's problems.
    -4~ mbaayid (act. part. from ~L:.
    baad) neutral o..l.,!\..,j.l JJ..UI d-duwal
    li-mbaayda the neutral states.

    '..J'-> C byr
    ~

    ~ tbayyar V to be
    confused,
    perplexed,

    '., '->' c byd

    confused me. Tell me what you want:


    this one or that one. ~~ . .r)- ':1
    CJ) ~) ,J...$.y Ia tbayyirni. cindi
    mawcid, 'ariid 'aruub. Don't waste
    my time. I have an appointment. I

    ~zayyar

    II to hold up, impede,

    hinder. ~ .?-L;i ~~ l~l !J~ ':1


    '-""WI Ia t~ayyirni! 'ioa ~ayyartani
    'at'axxar can 1-paa!}. Don't hold me
    up! If you hold me up, I will miss the
    bus.

    ~ t~ayyar V to be late, come late .


    ~ayyar II

    to confuse, puzzle,

    J _p

    bewilder. :~; ~
    ~~ ..:.,.ji
    !ll~ ':iiJ l..i.....A 'inta ~ayyartani. gul-li su

    triid: haaoa walla oaak.

    You've

    ]->-~ ~

    J...$.

    _,11

    ~ ...:..> ~ t~ayyart can

    1-mawcid, ya daxtar. I am late for the


    appointment, Doctor.

    171

    oy /:liira (v.n.)

    prejudiced against the Arabs.

    delay, postponement,

    deferment.
    \"

    J(j 'C. byr


    ~

    biyar (coli.) 1. stone, pebble. s.


    -a. ~ ;; ~ <.5"J rima biyara calayya.

    He threw a stone at me. ~ ,y ..::... .r.!


    byuut min /:liyar stone houses. 2. rock.

    ~~'C. bY!
    j,~ baa{ (l::y/:lii!), ..bb-1 htaa{, mubiit, etc., see under J.. J C: bwf.

    .li ~ r; /:ly{J
    ~~ baa{) (Jz.:>. y}Jii{J) to menstruate.
    ~WI~ .:r- t.?~ t.?J~\ Lo ma dri
    b-'ayy sinn tbii{J li-bnayya hini. I
    don't know at what age a girl begins to
    menstruate here.

    u ~i J..Ui Lo ma 'agdar
    'abalbil hali-/:lyara. I can't move this

    ;; ~I

    rock.

    J(j 'C. byz


    j~

    baaz (jfi. ybuuz) (with .? cala)

    to obtain, achieve, get. ;;~~


    4...... JJ.ll

    J~r; byf
    ~ beef (v.n.) 1. injustice, wrong.
    2. pity, shame. !. .. ~ ~ beef
    cala... ! What a pity! Too bad!~

    .? jl>-

    baaz cala sahaadat 1-madrasa.

    He obtained the school certificate.


    0J~I ~ ~UI u-L.S" ~ jL> LA:!)

    fariigna /:laaz cala kaas z-caalam fi


    1-kuura. Our team got the World Cup

    !o~ '~beef

    a pity they laid him off!


    ~~'C. byr

    in soccer.
    ~ tbayyaz V to take sides, to be
    partial, be biased. ..U J J>- ..r.~

    r-W'

    ~I

    1-mucallim yiti)ayyaz l)agg wild

    ~~ baayik. .....$"\.,_> byaaka, etc., see

    under.:IJ C: bwk.

    'J~ r;

    The teacher is partial to the


    Shaikh's son.

    Oj~ byaaza (v.n. from jl>- baaz) 1.


    obtainment, attainment. 2. possession.

    Lo J ~~ J u-_,.J; J:WI ;; j4>- ~ I~

    t.? J~\ ligyu fi l)yaazat 1-baayig


    jluus w-oahab w-ma dri s-bacad.
    ~

    They found money, gold, and I don't


    know what else, in the thiefs
    possession.

    ~ ta/:layyuz (v.n. from V ~ t/:layyaz)


    bias, prejudice. ~ .~ ..,_.;l5:!1 l..i.....,.
    Y ~~ ..l.........P haaoa 1-kaatib cinda
    tal)ayyuz pidd f-carab. This writer is

    l)yl

    J~ baal, J,>- bee!, a.!.,.:.- l)iila, etc., see


    underJJc:bw/.

    s-seex.

    j~l n/:laaz VII = V jj. tbayyaz.

    calee,fannasoo! It's

    \"

    J~r; /:lyl

    J-:=--

    bee/ p. J ~ byuu/ bracelet. J,>/:lee/ oahab gold bracelet. 1.1"_,.J.I


    J~i 1.$~ ~\ yol-micris huwa 1/i
    yistiri li-/:lyuul. The bridegroom is the
    ~~

    one who buys the bracelets.

    u~J~c. bylyn
    t..i~ /:liilyaana (<l....!,.o.;; gabguuba is
    more common) lobster. Lo .:.s'" u-UI
    ...L..>.-IJ .:.>~ 0 }5'~ n-naas hini ma
    yaakluun /:liilyaan waayid. People

    here do not eat a lot of lobster.

    172

    Ufi C.

    }Jyn

    1.1:? }Jiin p. 0~i 'abyaan time, period


    of time. ~I 'albiin, ~~~ IJalbiin
    now. 0~ ty1 ~ bac{J 1-'abyaan
    sometimes, occasionally, once in a
    kill biin w-biin
    while. ~ J ~
    every now and then. ~ .r-LA>.. tJ.)i
    0l..,:>- ty1 'aduuxjigaayir bac{J 1-'abyaan.
    I occasionally smoke cigarettes.

    J5'

    u~l 'abyaanan (rare)


    bac{J l-'a}Jyaan.

    u.J (,$ C.

    = 0~ )rl ~

    bywn

    ~l.r.-- bayawaan. See under 1111

    lii:FC

    ,;si

    cbyy.

    byy

    ~ bayya II 1. to greet, hail. o..J"\.;)1


    ~I 0 ~ n-naas y}Jayyuun s-seex.

    The people are cheering the Shaikh.


    bayyaahurn w-gi~ad. He
    greeted them and sat down. !.iill .!.1~
    }Jayyaak a{{a! or !~I r..s>" l...qa bayy
    af!a! = !~ J ~~ 'ahlan wa sahlan!
    (used for greeting s.o.) Welcome!
    (lit., "May God preserve your life.")
    2. to salute. ~I 0 y.h .) _,.J:-1/i-jnuud
    ybayyuun 1-cahlarn. The soldiers are
    saluting the flag.
    ...L..Aj J ~l..,>

    ~I

    people. 2. to be or become embarrassed, feel embarrassed.~ ~I


    o.r' JG ~J~ stiba yutfub sayyarti
    ()aani rnarra. He was embarrassed to
    ask for my car again. ~~ J...l.,ji L...
    ~~
    o..J"_,J; rna 'agdar 'a{lub
    jluus 'ak()ar, 'asti}Ji. I can't ask for
    more money. I'd be embarrassed. 3.
    to be bashful, shy. L... ,...L.>.-IJ ~
    r)-1 1.....!1) ~ yistibi wayyid, rna
    yitbacca wiyya 1-bariirn. He is very
    bashful. He wouldn't talk to women.

    stiba X 1. to feel ashamed, be


    ashamed. I~ J ~ ~I stibi caza
    weeyhakl Shame on you! !~ \..
    .!l.J-!i ~ ~ ~ J i _;rna tisti~i! guurn
    w-bibb cafa yadd 'ubuuk Aren't you
    ashamed? Get up and kiss your
    father's hand! ~ L... ...L..>IJ _y.
    o..J"UI ii..L,j ~- huwa waabid rna
    yisti}Ji. yiskar jiddaarn n-naas. He is
    someone who doesn't know shame.
    He drinks (liquor) in front of the

    bayy 1. alive, living, not dead.


    Y~ .!l.J-!i 'ubuuk }Jayy? Is your father
    alive? ...:.-.,.. y .r--" ~ bayy rnuub
    rnayyit. He's alive: not dead. 2. (p.
    "~i 'abyaa') living being, living
    thing. "L::-- ty1 ~ cilrn l-'abyaa'
    biology. ...:,..l.r--")riJ "~ty1 l-'abyaa'
    w-1-'arnwaat the living and the dead .
    ~ bayya (inv.) come! !o".>I-,.JI ~ <.?
    bayya ca[a $-$alaa! Come to prayer!

    4-

    bayya p. -aat, I...!~ bayyaaya


    }Janas or yb daab are more
    common) snake.
    (~

    ~ baya shame, bashfulness.

    0~ bayaa 1. life. Jll o\.,).1 ~ ~ \..

    ~I 4J .J"' rna yfakkir fi 1-bayaa 'illi


    huwa fiiha 1-biin. He doesn't think of
    the life he is leading now. r.; J-WI oY.,
    bayaat /i-bdiwi
    Bedouin life. 2.
    living, cost of living. ~ W\S:. ol.).l
    ~I 1-bayaa gaalya fi 1-xa/iij. The
    cost ofliving is expensive in the Gulf.
    y.-ll ~ o\.,).1/-bayaafi /-barr life in the
    desert.

    '-i ~
    ~.r.'"'

    bayawi vital, essential to life.


    rnas'ala bayawiyya vital

    4.JL......

    173

    matter.
    p. -aat

    1)\.J-i""

    l;ayawaan

    beast.

    ..:.>L.....il_r.>- ~-L>-

    animal,
    l;adiigat

    C: L. I
    I
    l;ayawaanaat
    zoo.~
    .u~
    l;ayawaan!
    rna yfakkir. He is (as
    stupid as) an animal. He doesn't think.

    'c.

    c
    xaa
    1,0-

    ~ ,J:, I

    etc.

    xaa name of the letter

    x.

    xaazwg

    ~Jji,,. xaazuug. See ~,j.J t xwzg.

    ~ .J ,_JM I

    xaaswg

    4S'~1,0- xaasuuga. See ~~.Jtxwsg.


    f"

    It xaam
    ~L>

    xaam (invar.) I. raw, unprocessed. rl>- J J?. batrool xaam crude oil.
    rL..:.:. ~I_,.. mawaad xaam raw materials.
    rL..:.:. ~...~.>- }J.adiid xaam iron ore. 2.
    inexperienced, naive, wet behind the
    ears. rL....:.:. J~l l.l....a. haaoa 1-kuu/i
    xaam. This coolie is inexperienced.

    ut xaan
    ~L>

    xaan pl. -aat I. stable (for beasts


    of burden). 2. old fashioned inn. 3.
    warehouse, storehouse.

    "':'"':'C xbb
    ~

    xabba II. See under 'I'":' t xby.

    6'-:'C xb()
    ~
    xub()
    (v.n.) viciousness,
    troublemaking, vicious behavior.

    xabii() p. -iin I. troublesome,


    vicious, malicious.
    2. dangerous,
    serious. ~ .):>.r-" mara{) xabiiO.
    serious disease. ~~ .):>)1 /-mara{)
    1-xabiiO. tuberculosis.
    I. (with .:.r min) more
    troublesome, vicious, etc. 2. (with
    foil. n.) most troublesome, vicious,
    ~i 'axba()

    .J"':' t xbr
    ~

    xibar (~ yxabir) to percei~e,


    have insight into, know. J...5 ~ 41
    ~ 'a!!a yxabir kill sayy. God knows
    ~verything (i.e., God is the Omniscient). Yc_IJ !.?' ~ txabir mita raab?
    Do you know when he left?

    xabbar II to tell, inform, let s.o.


    know. JL.,.. dl~ L.; p>- xabbirna b-1/i
    $aar. Tell us what happened . ....;p>~ JY'~ _?~ xabbarta baaCir
    b-aamuur cafee. I told him I would
    stop by tomorrow.

    _y. L> xaabar III to telephone, phone.


    ......:1....=- \.... ....r-1 ...,.....i ~ ..r.l>- xaabarta 'ams
    bass ma /Ja$$alta. I telephoned him
    yesterday but I didn't find him.

    _y. ~ txaabar VI to telephone, get in


    touch with each other. L:..A.A;IJ L.; ..r.Li
    .?~

    J,L....A:; txaabarna w-ttafagna

    nitgaabal baaCir. We telephoned each


    other and agreed to meet the following
    day. ~~IJ ..:..> ..r.li txaabart wiyyaahum.
    I got in touch with them.
    ~I

    xtibar VIII to test, examine,


    experience. r~IJi ._,..L.; I~ J ~l_j _r.:;>-1
    xtibarnaahum
    w-(licaw
    naas
    'awaadim. We tested them, and they
    turned out to be good people.
    ~I

    staxbar X I. to inquire, ask


    (about s.o. or s.th.) . .y-J ~ ..:..>~I
    .....l.,a;J .U...:.i staxbart canna w-ean 'a$la
    w-ja$la. I inquired about him and

    175
    ~ xubiz (coli.) bread.
    s. :r.>- ._r>}
    gar$ xubiz. loaf of bread. ~ .r.J-1
    ~ J 1-xubiz hini raxii$. Bread is
    inexpensive here. Y_:,.,...>- .!\...L..;&. c;ndak
    xubiz? Do you have bread? :r.>- ..:....,.15'
    J kaleet xubiz w-labam. I ate bread
    and meat. JuJ :r.>- xu biz rgaag thin
    sheets of bread. 1./-f' :r.>- xubiz carabi
    Arabic bread.

    about his origin and family. 2. to


    learn, find out. c...J"'""'i L..,.,. .s.....il ..:... ~I
    staxbart 'inna ya 'ams. I learned that
    he came yesterday.

    ~ xabar p. Jl:>-i 'axbaar news, news


    item. Y)...,>-\11 ~ simcat 1-'axbaar?
    Have you heard the news? (,)i ..:...u:-" Lo
    .r:->- rna simcat 'a.Y.Ya xabar. I haven't
    heard any news item . .!1 ~ p.>- (,>J.:$.
    c_;---<)1 ~ cindi xabar y(ayyirk min
    1-farab. I have a piece of news that
    will overcome you with joy.

    rl

    o~ xabza (n. ofinst.) p. -aat batch,


    mixture (ofbread dough).
    j~

    xabbaaz p. f-!1..:>- xabaabiiz, -iin


    baker, bread maker. ~ Jll _,- jL,.;l-1
    ~1/-xabbaaz huwa IIi yxabiz 1-xubiz.
    A baker is the one who bakes bread.

    o~

    xibra p. -aat experience. l) ;; p.>~1 xibra ji t-tacliim experience in


    teaching. :i..il._.._:ll l) ;; ~ xibra ji
    li-bsaana. experience in barbering.

    ~ maxbaz p. y~ maxaabiz bakery,

    xabiir p. l_r.-> xubara expert,


    experienced. ~_;JI l) .fr-'?'" xabiir ji
    t-tarbiya expert in education.

    bread shop.

    ~":'t Xb$
    ~ xuba$ (~yxabu$) to mix up,
    distract, confuse. ~ !.!.b- JJ ~ ':1
    ~ Ia txabu$ ruubak! ca[a keefak.
    Don't mix yourself up! Take it easy.
    ~..UI ~ L... saalim xuba,v d-dinya.
    Salim caused a lot of confusion .

    o;.~ muxaabara p. -aat 1. telephone

    call. 4....,) J:> ;; .r.~ muxaabara dawliyya.


    international call. ;; .r.WI ~ J~
    maskuur Ca/a 1-muxaabara. Thank
    you for the telephone call. 2. (p. only)
    ..:...l.r.L;.:JI l-muxaabaraat the investigation department.

    ~I nxuba$ VII to be or become


    confused, preoccupied, rushed. ~I

    ,j~t xbz

    (,) ~ _,.:;. lS J:. Lo J nxuba$ w-ma dira su

    xibaz (j:>:. yxabiz) to bake bread.


    ~I l) j:->u.b ~? burumti
    daayman txabiz xubiz ji !-beet. My
    wife always bakes bread at home.
    .r.->- ...r'~ .:.1-~ ...:..> j:->- xibzat c;sriin
    gar$ xubiz. She baked twenty loaves
    of bread. -...1 .r.>- J ~ Yu _,.u tcarfa?
    cijanta w-xibazta. Do you know him?
    I know him very well. (lit., "I kneaded
    and baked him.").

    ysawwi. He was confused and didn't


    know what to do . ..r'i J\k>. l;J.:$. 01.5'
    ~ ~IJ caan Cindana xu!{aar 'ams
    w-nxuba$na biihum. We had guests
    yesterday and we were completely
    occupied with them.

    r.3-

    ~ xab$a commotion, confusion,


    hustle and bustle.

    l:t ~

    t xbt
    ~ xubat (~ yxabu!)

    1. to mix.

    176
    ,)~1 J-:-- o\,6;J ~ J ~ xubat
    saciir w-tibin w-cataa }J.agg /i-IJ.$aan.
    He mixed barley and straw and gave it
    to the horse. 2. to slam, strike, beat.
    y y l ~ J [_.r->" . ,)L.ii'- JL,p $OUr
    IJ,amgaan. xiraj w-xubat 1-baab. He
    became furious. He walked out and
    slammed the door.

    U,:. xabta (n. of inst.) p. -aat I.


    instance of mixing,
    mixture, batch.

    mixing.

    2.

    u~ xabbaata (4...1.")1...:.

    xa!!aata is
    more common) p. -aat mixer, cement
    mixer.
    J~t xbl
    ~

    xabba! II to drive s.o. insane,


    make s.o. crazy. ~ !~ o.l,..l 'ixoa
    canni! xabba{ni. Take him away! He's
    driven me out of my mind. J;.:: _,k.:il U.
    hal-man~ar yxabbif.
    This scenery
    stuns you.
    ~ txabba!

    V to go crazy, go wild.

    j.i txabba! leen xisar


    fluusa. He went crazy when he lost
    his money. J-:i ii_,.J.:l-1 WI .....;u ~
    leen caaf li-bnayya 1-IJ,ilwa txabba{.
    When he saw the beautiful girl, he
    went crazy.
    "--"' .,U

    _,..-->- ~

    J~ xbaa! madness, insanity.

    J.;te

    mxabba! (p.p. from II j:-"'- xabba!)


    insane person, madman.

    ~ .:=.

    xtm

    xitam (~ yxatim) 1. to seal. ~


    ~~ xitam 1-xatt. He sealed the letter.
    . . . ; J.r--ki' ~ xitam 1-ma~ruuf. He
    2. to stamp,
    sealed the envelope.
    impress with a stamp. ob JJ -.,.J1.l1 ~

    .r.J,JI xitam t-talab w-waddaa 1-waziir.


    He stamped the application and took it
    to the minister. ~I}JI ~ xitam
    t-tawaabic. He canceled the stamps.
    3. to conclude, terminate . ..__,-y.s- r'"
    21 0L.i ,J Ju_, t ~ xitam kalaama
    b-saac w-gaal ji 'amaan illaah. He
    concluded his speech in a hurry and
    said, "Good-bye!"
    4. to read (the
    Quran) from cover to cover, read
    through. ~ o__.s- ,:,lS' .:N . :,I ).!1 r'"
    ~ xitam 1-qur'aan leen caan cumra
    casir siniin. He read the Quran from
    cover to cover when he was ten years
    old.
    ~ xattam II to have s.o. read
    through (the Quran). ,:,l_r--AJI o~
    xattamoo 1-qur'aan. They made him
    read the Quran.

    xatim p. rb.:-1 xtaam seal, stamp.

    t..o..-:,:. xatma (n. of inst.)

    p. -aat a
    reading of the whole Quran. L...:>e-J-1 (.JJ ~ ,)I _r-AJ I xatmat 1-qur'aan
    cala ruu}J. 1-mayyit the reading of the
    Quran to bless the soul of the dead
    person.

    fL:?- xaatim (act. part. from~ xitam)


    p. rl..::.:. xittaam graduate of a Quranic
    school. 01;-AJI (L> xaatim 1-qur'aan
    one who has learned the Quran by
    heart. 01;-AJI rl..:;,.:. ..:P- ~L.... oLJ .:>\S
    caan fii musaabaga IJ,agg xittaam
    1-qur'aan.
    There was a contest for
    learners of the Quran (by heart).

    u.:=. t

    xtn

    ~ xattan II to perform circumcision, circumcise. ..:,L.:J-1 .r-"' .:.P:.


    'illi yxattin huwa 1-xattaan. The one

    Jl'

    177

    who circumcises is the xattaan. L. .:)L..JI .fl. ni/:zin rna nxattin n-nisa. We
    don't circumcise women.

    ~ txattan V to be circumcised.
    ~ .>"') ~ ~I li-$bayy yitxattan
    w-huwa $agiir. A boy is circumcised
    when he is young. '~ .11 ".:.~1
    ~ Lo 1-bint, 'a{{a ysallimk, rna
    titxattan. A girl, God keep you safe, is
    not circumcised.
    .Jl_:::,;. xitaan circumcision. ~I .:.>LS
    U"'UI ~~~ ~ ,~1 .:,l...:i.l c.$~
    y..UI .:.>~)f. lyu caan illi ysawwi
    li-xtaan li-ml:zassin, laakin oall:ziin
    n-naas gaamaw yruul:zuun d-daxtar.
    The one who used to perform
    circumcision was the barber, but now
    people have started to go to the doctor.
    ~ J..--5' ~ '-:--""'"IJ .:.>L..:.:L.I li-xtaan
    waajib cala kill muslim. Circumcision
    is required of every Muslim . .:.>L..:.:L.I
    J~l ~ ;;J~ li-xtc:an cbaara can
    t-tahuur.
    Circumcision is, in other
    words, cleansing.
    .Jl_:::,;. xattaan p. <i..;jl;_,:. xataatna, -iin
    one who performs circumcision. J

    ~I ~ ,~\

    .:.>lJ-1 J}~l .:.>L. )1


    y...UI .:.>~)f. lyu U'LJI ji z-zamaan
    .:,l)'

    1-'awwali 1-xattaan caan li-ml:zassin,


    bass all:ziin n-naas gaamaw yruul:zuun
    d-daxtar. A long time ago, the one
    who performed circumcision was the
    barber, but now people have started to
    to go to the doctor.

    J[t

    ~ xajjal II to be embarrassed, put

    s.o. to shame. t_JL.All ......~ ~


    xajjalni
    b-kallama 1-faarig. He
    embarrassed me with his useless talk.
    ~ xajal

    (v.n. from
    embarrassment.

    J-:==:-

    xijil)

    J~ xajuul p. -iin shy, bashful,


    timid. ..L..:>,.IJ J y..:>- ..U J walad xajuul
    waayid very shy boy.
    .J~ xajlaan p. -iin embarrassed.

    .J-"' J ;; ..,...,..;.-1 .!l ~ tirak 1-l:zijrah


    w-huwa xajlaan. He left the room in
    .J')G...>.

    embarrassment.

    ~i 'axjal (elat.) I. (with ,y min)


    more shy, etc.
    most shy, etc.

    2. (with foil. n.) the

    ~ mixjil (act. part.) embarrassing,


    shocking. ~ j-..&- carnal mixjil
    shameful act.

    JJt xdd
    J..:i- xadd p. :J )...\.:>- xduud cheek. ~:J J...\.:>.;-:ll C WI J.!.A ? xduudha l:zumur
    mi(}i/ t-tiffaal:z 1-l:zamar. Her cheeks are

    as red as red apples.

    xjl

    ~ xijil (~ yxajil)

    become embarrassed.

    Honestly, I was too embarrassed to be


    frank with you. oy.i ,y ~ yxajil min
    'ubuu. He is embarrassed in front of
    his father.
    2. to be ashamed, feel
    shame. ~ L. ~ .>"' huwa SOX$
    rna yxaji/. He is a person who feels no
    shame. 3. to be or become shy.
    ~ Ju L. J xijil w-ma gaal saay. He
    became shy and said nothing.

    1. to be or

    c.r-- ~ ~\)

    ~ Jl.,a.. waffa xjilt min mu.~aaral:ztak.

    o~ mxadda p. -aat pillow, cushion.

    .; Jt xdr
    JJ..:i- xaddar II 1. to numb, deaden.

    178

    ~ Jl..SJ.I J...L.Js; ..? o.r.l ~fP _p..UI


    ~I d-daxtar (Jirabni 'ibra batta
    yxaddir 1-mukaan gab/ [-camaliyya.
    The doctor gave me a shot in order to
    deaden the area before the operation.
    2. to anesthetize. l.o ~ t. ..l.A..,;all IJJ-A>oJ> ..,..._;;, xaddaraw 9-9ifdac gabil-ma
    sarraboo. They had anesthetized the
    frog before they dissected it.
    IJIJ..l> xadraan numb, asleep. ~ J
    4;\J-A>-

    riili xadraana. My leg is asleep.

    J~ muxaddir (act. part. from II J-A>xaddar) 1. anesthetic, painkilling,


    tranquilizing. oJ..L..S o.)L....o maadda
    mxaddra painkilling material. 2. (p.
    -aat) narcotics, drugs, dope.

    .lt xdc
    t ..l> xidac

    (t_ ...~.......>.: yxadic) to deceive,


    dupe. t. J.....i. ..;...l.r-" _r~>L..kll
    ~l-$. J4J~ J.!ll J~ l.....b JU~I
    ~Li-- JJl~J 1-ma(Jaahir marraat txadic
    1-'insaan mi8il-ma yguul 1-ma(}a/
    b-n-nahaar
    camaayim
    w-b-1-/eel
    xamaayim. Appearances sometimes
    fool people, as the proverb says, "Fair
    without and foul within." (lit. "In
    daylight they are turbans, i.e., holy
    men with turbans, and at night they are
    garbage, i.e., rascals, knaves, etc.").
    mislead,

    ~\ nxidac VII to be deceived,


    misled, duped. o~l Ju Jl~ ~E.\
    nxidact b-lli gal-li-yyaa. I was taken in
    by what he told me. t. ~ t. ~
    yinxidic b-saac. He is easily taken in.

    (.I..L....-"- xaddaac
    1. deceptive,
    deceiving. Jl,:>- \II ~ ~1-A>- _r~>WI
    1-ma(Jaahir xaddaaca bac(Jf-'abyaan.
    Appearances are deceptive sometimes.

    2. ( p. -iin) swindler, cheat, crook.


    ~

    .lt xdm
    ~,uo.

    xidam (i...LS; yxadim) I. to serve,


    be of service, work for. i.J.....>. ~L.:I-1
    ~l_,l.IJ o.)~ 1-baakim xidam blaada
    w-1-muwaatniin. The ruler served his
    country and the citizens. 4t_-li J J~
    .r-j t$-"'~ l.)""'! sayyaarti gadiima bass
    txadimni zeen. My car is old, but it is
    of good service to me. 2. to be a
    servant, serve. ~ ~ t.:....A>- (,).cll
    /-hindi xidamna xams siniin. The
    Indian boy served us (or served in our
    household) for five years.
    ~~\

    staxdam X I. to employ, hire.


    ...~_;,.\) ._,.L.; i~ :i......oPI li-bkuuma
    tistaxdim naas waayid. The government employs a lot of people. 2. to

    #' .)

    use, make use of. i~ ~


    ..:..>1}.,:--ll . ::. ..-~.) _y ,:_;.->-1ft 1-xa/iij hini
    nistaxdim
    'absan
    modeelaat
    s-sayyaaraat. Here, in the Gulf, we
    use the best car models.

    L,l::'o xidma (v.n.) p. -aat 1. service.


    ~ :L.....A>- ;j;-"-A>-

    xidamni xidma
    ca(Jiima. He rendered me great service.
    2. service, attendance. ~.f---s. 0...~>
    xidma caskariyya military service.
    xaduum p. -iin obliging. ...u~ L.. ~i J.J.....>. JL....il bamad 'insaan
    xaduum; rna yga$$ir. Hamad is an
    obliging person; he doesn't let you
    down.
    ~J.J......:;.

    ~.)L_:,;. xaadim p. i.J....>. xadam, i\..L.>xiddaam 1. servant, manservant. li~


    ~I ~ ~~ :i......o.)\.;.:. cindana xaadma
    hindiyya fi !-beet. We have an Indian
    maid at home. ~ d ~ JU:. ,._..)l:L-1

    179
    ~~ ~ J ~1)1 J.->uJ 1-xaadma,
    {aal
    cumrak,
    titbax
    w-tgasil
    l-muwaaciin w-tna{J()if /-beet. A
    female domestic servant, may you live
    long, cooks, does the dishes, and
    cleans the house.
    2. servant,
    custodian. ~ L) i .)-1 il...~..->- .y i.:.\.:.:. Y.
    huwa xaadim min xiddaam l-l)aram ji
    makka. He is one of the custodians of
    the Holy Mosque in Mecca.
    Ll~ xaddaama (d.......:.\.:.:. xaadma 1s

    more common) p. -aat woman servant,


    maid.

    i,jJ.Jt xdwy
    ~J!.~

    xdeewi (no recorded p.) kind of


    an old rifle.

    ":"Jt xrb

    ruined the car because he drives like a


    crazy person. 2. to put out of order,
    damage. ~L.JI y _;>- xarraab s-saaca.
    He messed up the watch.
    yl~

    xaraab ruin, state of being


    destroyed or ruined. yl~ o.JWI
    s-sayyaara xaraab. The car is ruined.
    ~I_?- xaraaba p. -aat, ~1_;>- xaraayib,
    disintegrating structure.

    IJ'-!_?- xarbaan broken, out of order.


    G\e.f"" o.Jl:----JI s-sayyaara xarbaana.
    The car is broken down. ~L..... bl
    ~~ J->- U...i..,.:. ,;j_j\e.f"" 'ioa saactak
    xarbaana, xioha l)agg li-m$allil). If
    your watch is out of order, take it to
    the repairman.

    l:l "':-'..;

    Y _r;- xirib (y ~yxarib) 1. to break


    down, get out of order, broken. o.JWI
    ~? s-sayyaara xribat. The car broke
    down. t ~ y ?- ..::...~L.... ~ fii
    saacaat tixrab b-saac. There are
    watches that get out of order easily. 2.
    to be ruined, destroyed, spoiled . ..ll)l
    ~I ""}_j. ..L...t., ~? l-balad xribat
    baed gala 1-maciisa. The country was
    ruined after the rise in the cost of
    living. o.JL....JI ~_;>- xribat fi_cmaara.
    The building was destroyed. 3. to go
    bad, spoil (of food). J$"~1 y _;>- xirib
    1- 'akil. The food got spoiled.

    Y _r;- xarrab II 1. to destroy, ruin,


    break down. y ..;->- _r-ld.IJ ~...UI ..::... .;1-~ J-S mutrat d-dinya w-1-mu(ar
    xarrab kill sayy. It rained and the rain
    destroyed everything . ..:,'} o.JWI y _;>0~I

    linna

    ysuug mi8il 1-maynuun. He

    J ~ xarrab s-sayyaara

    xrbt

    ~.?' xarbat (~fi yxarbit) 1. to mix

    up, confuse, throw into disorder.


    ._.~ ~? xarbatni b-kalaama. He
    mixed me up with his words. ~.r'"
    J~ ~_,. . ....i o'j) ~l_;ll xarbat 1garaatiis w-laazim 'asawwiihum cadi/.
    He mixed up the pieces of paper and I
    have to put them in order. 2. to get
    mixed up, malfunction. iuJ ..f--...L....;.,.IJ .h....,fi sikir w-gaam yxarbit
    waayid. He got drunk and went wild.
    ~fi ~ u::lleen yitl)acca yxarabit.
    When he talks, he gets mixed up . .Jl.o
    JS~I L) ~.f"" ..:,'} ~~ o.r ~/ $aar
    marii9 marra 8aanya linna xarbat ji
    1- 'akil. He became ill for the second
    time because he didn't eat right.

    ~.;' txarbat to get mixed up, be


    confused. ~l_;ll 1~_). txarbatu
    1-garaatiis. The sheets of paper got
    mixed up. Li\J ~ ...L.:>-IJ bl ~_j.i

    ISO
    1_;--ii 'atxarbat 'ioa waal)id yitl)atta
    w-aana 'agra. I get mixed up if
    someone is talking while I am reading.
    c.$~~ I..S;~ L. J ~_j. txarbat w-ma
    dira su ysawwi. He got mixed up and
    did not know what to do. IJ..l.ll ~I
    ~_j. ...;--! , _r;o:...l.ll .J Jti t...,......:.- stacma/
    d-duwwa l)asab-ma gal-la d-daxtar,
    bass txarbat. He used the medicine
    according to what the doctor told him,
    but he got worse.
    ~.!"" xarbata (v.n. from~? xarbat)

    mess, disorder confusion.


    ~_r mxarbat (p.p. from ~? xarbat)

    p.

    -iin

    I. mixed up, confused.


    mxarba{iin.
    The pieces of paper are mixed up. 41
    ~_r 1-patta mxarba{a. The (playing)
    2. disorderly,
    cards are shuffled.
    messed up. ~.r !.1 ~ sacrak
    mxarba{. Your hair is messed up.
    ~_r ~1_;!1/-garaa{iis

    ~_r mxarbit (act. part. from ~?


    xarbat) having confused, mixed up
    s.o. or s.th. ~_rll ~ huwa
    li-mxarbitni. He is the one who mixed
    me up. 41 ~_r J y tawwni mxarbi{
    1-patta. I have just shuffled the deck of
    (playing) cards.

    [.JC xrj
    [..~ xiraj (c_?- yxarij) I. to go out,
    walk out. of. c? xiraj barra. He went
    outside. 2. to come out, emerge from.
    . ._:_........ ~L....JI ~I ,:_;-- [.r"" xiraj min
    /-beet s-saaca sitt. He left the house at
    six o'clock. 3. to drive or ride out, go
    out (in a vehicle). o;W4 (.r'" xiraj
    b-s-sayyaara. He drove out in the car.
    4. (with ~ can) to disagree with,

    .:r-

    disobey . .ihl u.Lb


    c.r>- xiraj can
    taacat-1/aah. He disobeyed God . ._,.,l:)l
    ~;41.... ~~) 0~ of c? /-baa~ xiraj
    can seeda w-dicam sayyaarteen. The
    bus ran off its line and hit two cars.
    II I. to graduate s.o. ~
    ~~I c..jL .__.\.J..I C~ ~L..b k.am

    [...;->- xarraj

    {aa/ib txarrij 1-yaamca haaiJi s-sana?


    How many students will the university
    graduate this year?

    [._;>i 'axraj IV I. to throw out, eject,


    expel. .:.r--" ~L.;... ..;...")G [.r""i ~I
    ~I 1-mucal/im 'axraj ()a/aa()
    msaagbiin min ~-~aff. The teacher
    threw out three troublemakers from
    class. ,:_;-- ~\_;,.\II C~ ..:.....-u L.o _p-1
    -l4JI li-l)kuuma gaamat tixrij 1-'ayaanib
    min 1-ba/ad. The government started
    to expatriate foreigners from the
    country. 0L.S" -G':l ~I ,:r o~ .r'"i
    ~ .T- 'axrajoo min s-siinama linna
    caan yzacc;g. They ejected him from
    the cinema bec<:;.use he was shouting.
    2. to direct the production of a film.
    ~~IlL (..r'"i J;... minu 'axraj haaoa
    1-.filim? Who directed this movie?

    [_~ txarraj V (Jess common var.


    taxarraj) to graduate. Y...:...>.- _). ...;-- mita
    When did you graduate?
    txarrajt?
    ~ ~ ...:...>.- _). txarrajt gabil santeen.
    I graduated two years ago.
    [_~I staxraj X to extract, mine,
    recover. JJ.HI ,:_;-- J-JWI 0y.~
    yistaxirjuun 1-baanziin min 1-batroo/.
    They extract gasoline from petroleum.
    Y~ ;_,..ll ,:_;-- ;_,....k.JI 0 y. ~ J...~..p ~idj
    yistaxirjuun f-cu{uur min /-ward? Is it
    true that they extr!ict perfume from

    flowers? ,:_;--d..! J+---! (~ l.J ~I

    181

    .._;:, J

    \11 1-fal)am ma yistaxrqj b-suhuula

    1-xaarij from abroad, foreign. ji


    1-xaarij abroad, in foreign countries.
    (_JL>..ll )L.... saafar Ia 1-xaarij. He
    traveled abroad. 3. (as prep.) out of,
    outside. 41 (..JL>- xaarij 1-balad
    outside the country.

    min 1-'ar(i. Coal is not easily extracted


    from the ground.

    tJ.r'" xuruuj (v.n. from c..r=- xiraj) 1.


    exit. !.IL:... J)-"'"...UIJ ~ ~ (.J.r=ll
    1-xuruuj min hini w-d-duxuul minnaak.
    Exit is from here and entrance is from
    there. 2. departure. (.J)-1 y4 baab
    1-xuruuj the departure gate. 3. (with
    .:_,.J- can) disobeying, disobedience,
    disagreement with. ~~ dslk .Y (.J)-1
    1-xuruuj can taacar illaah disobeying
    God.

    ..r

    xaariji external, exterior.


    sticmaal xaariji
    external use. ~.)I> o.:ll..,&- ciyaada
    xaarijiyya outpatient clinic. o)jJ
    ~ .JL;ll wazaarat 1-xaarijiyya The
    Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
    JL,_:,;.

    <..F JL....>.

    t~ muxrij p. -iin (stage or screen)


    director.

    ~.?-

    xirriij p. -iin graduate (of a


    school, college, etc.) 4.......-l>. ~? .J"'
    ..:...IJL._..)II
    huwa xirriij jaamicat
    1-'imaaraat. He is a graduate of the
    U.A.E. University. y _,.JI .J:f-)-1 .Jy
    mu'tamar 1-xirriijiin 1-carab Congress
    of Arab Graduates.
    t~ maxraj p. (..J~ maxaarij (place

    of) exit, way out. .:_r-- c..rS (,S"i ~ L..


    ~I :U\J-1 (,S"iJ. mafii 'ayya maxraj
    min haaoi l-l)aala $-$a<ba. There is no
    way out of this difficult situation.
    [J~ ~ .JI .Jl.kll/-mutaar 'ila caar
    maxaarij. The airport has ten exits.

    t~ taxarruj (v.n. from v c?txarraj) graduation (from a school,


    college, etc.).
    t'~l stixraaj (v.n. from X C~.... l
    staxrqj)
    extracting,
    mining,
    recovering.
    [.JL_:,:. xaarij
    1. (as n.) exterior,
    outside. (..JL...;I....I .:_r-- min 1-xaarij from
    (the) outside. 2. foreign country or
    countries, the outside. (..JL.J-1 ,y min

    JL.....:......-.1

    tF mitxarriJ (act. part. from v c.J.


    txarraj) having graduated (from a
    school, college, etc.) .:_r-- C.~ _,...,.
    ~_,)01 ~\.>.. huwa mitxarrij min
    jaamicat li-kweet. He has graduated
    from Kuwait University . ..:.-..ii J-J .:r
    ~C.~ min ween 'inta mitxarrij?
    Where did you graduate from?

    . . xrxr

    .JC.J C

    ~.?

    xarxar (.r>- fiyxarxir) to drip,


    leak. _r-111 ,:,r-" _r->- fi J.L..JI s-sagf
    yxarxir min 1-mutar. The ceiling is
    dripping from the rain. ..r=- fi .....A.A-ll
    s-sagfyxarxir. The ceiling leaks.

    J.;t

    xrd
    o~ _r'- xarda change, small change. L..

    o.:l _r>- t.,?J...:s. rna cindi xarda. I don't

    have change . ...:...IJ.:l? xardawaat small


    goods, miscellaneous small articles.

    J J.;t

    xrdl

    J~ ~ xardal (coll.) 1. mustard seeds.


    2. mustard.

    182

    1:..; t xr{

    .J.J C xrr

    .;> xarr (?-yxurr) to drip, leak. ($ll.l


    J..i.-.JI .:.r- ?-

    ~ 1-maay biga yxuur

    min s-sagf. The water continued to


    drip from the ceiling. .:.r- .;>. ($U.I
    ~L..:ll/-maay yxuur min t-taanki. The
    water leaks out of the (water) tank.
    ..::... ..r->" 1.-..JI r_,..): .:.r- W neema min
    nyuum s-sama xarrat. One of the stars
    of the sky fell.

    ~.JC xrz
    j_;> xiraz (coli.) beads. s. oj_f"" xraza.
    p. -aat.
    jl_;> xarraaz p. .r.)? xaraariiz l.
    cobbler, maker of old shoes and other
    leather goods. 2. one who works with
    an awl.

    'c.J"' .J C:. xrs

    If.;> xarras II to silence, make s.o.


    dumb. r+"" .f"" J ~ C. \....o .r-..ll\1-mudiir
    $aal;
    fiihum w-xarrassum. The
    manager yelled at them and shut them
    up.

    If.;> xaras p.

    0\...... .f"" xirsaan f. \.. . . _f""


    xarsa (~ gaxam is more common) 1.
    mute, dumb. 2. dumb, mute person.
    y

    c.J"' .J C xrs

    If.;?- xirs p. l.l"l..f""" xraas (less common


    var. ~ l;ibb) large jar made of clay,
    for storing water.

    Ji..Jt

    xrs

    _r;-

    xaras p. J-? xirs f. \...!:. .f"" xarsa


    I. inflicted with smallpox. 2. person
    inflicted with smallpox.
    ~

    j,~ xirat (..1 ~ yxarit) to talk


    nonsense. ~.J ..1fi y> J .J ~i ~
    6- (Jal/eet 'asmac-fa w-huw yxarit
    w-cugba sakkatta. I kept listening to
    him while he was talking nonsense,
    and then I silenced him .

    J,t_r xarraa{ p. a.kl..f""" -a,

    -iin braggart,

    bluffer.

    ul_r

    xraa{a I. rubbish, nonsense,


    baloney. a.kl_f"" ...r- .r- 0"j.j flaan yarmis
    xraafa. So-and-so talks nonsense. 2.
    worthless thing, junk. ~~ C$l.A
    Ul_f"" ~i haaoi 1-ga(Jiyya 'al;sibha
    xraa{a. I think this problem is
    worthless. c..S~ 'oJWI ($L C$~ 'Y
    a....bl_f"" Ia tistiri haaoi s-sayyaara, tara
    xraa{a. Don't buy this car because it's
    a piece of junk. a....bl..f""" ~..JI d-dinya
    xraa(a. The world (as opposed to the
    hereafter) is a trifle.

    ~ _r xriti lies, nonsense. J ~?


    ~ .f"" xriti fi xri{i lies, lies, and- more
    lies.
    ~.;?- xarii{a p. ~I? xaraayit (less
    common var. a...1 J\.>. xaarta) 1. map,
    chart.
    L..JI ~? xarii{at f-caalam
    world map. 2. ground, building plan,
    map of a small area.~? r-" J ji}JI
    ~) J>- 1-gazzaaz risam xariita l;agg
    'ar(Ji. The surveyor drew up a plan for
    my land.

    ~ ,J 1:t .J

    t xr{Wm

    ry .;?- xar{uum p. ~~? xaraatiim

    I.

    water hose. r}> )-~ _r-.--!JI c..S JJ riwa


    s-siyar b-1-xartuum. He watered the
    trees with a hose. 2. trunk (of an

    183
    elephant). ~I ~ _,...1? xar{uum 1-.fiil
    elephant trunk. (prov.) or. ~I c.,?~
    ~ _,_.6? ysawwi 1-'ibra xar{uum. He
    makes mountains out of molehills.

    break (e.g., the law). 0j\.A.ll J? xirag


    1-gaanuun. He broke the law.
    Jyl xtirag VIII 1. to go through,
    pierce. ~ Jpl o.,r.~l/-'ibraxtirgat
    $Ubca. The needle pierced his finger.
    2. to penetrate, pass through. L. oJ\,:-]1
    ~ J..L::ll ...:..:;J..->-1 \...:.-...0 J s-sayyaara ma
    waggafat; xtirgat li-l:zduud The car
    didn't stop; it passed through the
    border. J..L.JI ..b __,k.:. J pi ~1/-jee
    xtirag x{uu{ f-cadu.
    The army
    penetrated the ennemy lines.

    r_,...krl

    1-xar{uum Khartoum (capital


    city of the Sudan).

    ~Jt.Jt xrcwb
    Y y /'" xarcuub p. ~I? xaraaciib
    1. beautiful girl. 2. well-bred shecamel.

    J.;t xrf
    J ~ xarrqfll to be or become senile
    and feeble-minded. J fi .-..;... ~ L.
    ~ ~ .:.;->- ~J-d ma ca[eek minna. yxarrif
    yoom can yoom. Don't pay attention to
    him. He's getting more senile every
    day.

    ~/'" xariif (usually

    J~ xarg (v.n. from J? xirag) 1.

    piercing, boring.
    2. violating,
    breaking (e.g., the law). 0jl...AJI J?
    xarg 1-gaanuun breaking the law.

    lj.J r,

    ~ /'"

    xiri p. c.,? J? xruny (less common


    var. c.r>- xirj p. (.J.r>" xruuj) horse
    saddlebag. J-;:ll c.,?_;->- xiri 1-xeel the
    horse saddlebag.

    ~.)-11-xarii.f)

    autumn, fall. ~.)-1 j.,a.; ja$11-xariif


    the fall season. (c.,?~~ li-$i/ri is more
    common).

    J J~ xaruuf p. 0u? xilfaan young


    lamb, sheep. J J.?' r-..L. la/:lam xaruuf

    J,jt xzf
    J _r;i- xizaf (coli.) glazed pottery,
    earthenware.

    lamb (meat). ~- ~ J J.r>' U:~


    0L......,a..) oibal:zna xaruuf cafa cud
    rum(Jaan. We slaughtered a lamb for
    the Ramadan Feast.
    Ul..f"' xuraafa p. -aat 1. superstition.
    2. fairy tale.
    ~~~ xuraafi p.

    l)l.r-'""

    -yiin legendary.
    SUX$ xuraaji legendary

    character.
    ~ mxarrif (act. part. from II J?
    xarra./) p. -iin senile, feeble-minded.

    ~.Jt xrg

    J~

    xirag ( J ~ yxarig) to violate,

    xry

    ~~ xzafi (adj.) pottery, earthenware.


    ~ j>- ~ly muwaaciin xzafiyya
    earthenware dishes.

    u.i t

    xzn
    IJ~ xizan (~ _j-Y: yxazin) to store s.th.
    od ~lj' ..) c.,?L.l.l 0 _,.;, fi yxaznuun
    1-maay fi tuwaanki Cibiira. They store
    water in big reservoirs.
    IJ? xazzan II to accumulate, store up.
    '-"'~ 0_r--:,fi ~ \0~~ L.. ma
    yitwannsuun; bass yxazznuun jluus.
    They don't have fun; they just

    184
    accumulate money.
    4l Ji" xazna p. -aat treasure.
    ~? xaziina treasury, public treasury.
    iJ~

    maxzan p. 0j~ maxaazin. 1.


    storeroom, warehouse.
    2. supply
    room, stockroom. 3. store, shop ( 0\S"'..)
    dikkaan is more common).

    ,:r..;J. taxziin (v.n. from II 0 .;>- xazzan)


    1. storing, warehousing.

    2. accumu-

    lation, storing up.


    iJ J~ maxzuun (p.p. from 0 .;>- xizan)

    stored up, warehoused.

    ~ tJM

    ~I

    'ixis! (imp.) 1. Shut up! 2. Beat


    it! Scram!

    a__,;. xissa (v.n. from

    xisa)

    baseness, meanness.
    ~

    xasiis p. -iin 1. low, mean. 2.


    low, mean person. 4....1 L. ~ .J-'1'
    ~...\...p huwa xasiis ma-la ,Jadiig. He is a
    mean person who has no friends.

    c. xss

    xass (coli.) lettuce s. -a head of

    r)'-:-ll J~ v-3-'

    1-xass gaali
    Lettuce is expensive today.
    ,_r->- ~ nibga xass. We want (some)
    lettuce.
    1-yoom.

    lettuce.
    xassateen.

    .:..r.::----->-

    ~~'

    stireet
    I bought two heads of

    lettuce.

    .JIJM C xsr

    .;-->

    xassar II
    to cause loss or
    damage. JS J _r>-_, o~l_, .!-4_,.;. ..;.. ~
    I$"' p ,Jirt siriic wiyyaa w-xassarni kill
    jluusi. I became a partner with him; he
    made me lose all my money. J.ll
    ol)-~1 1:. ..r-->- huwa lli xa;sarna
    1-mubaaraa. He is the one who caused
    us to lose the game.

    xs'

    ~ xisa (~ yxasi) to lie, not to


    tell the truth. 4-A% J ~ 0'.>U jlaan
    yxasi ji kalaama. So-and-so lies (in his
    speech).

    tJM I,)M

    J "--" _}; J-5' xisir kill jluusafi


    li-gmaar. He lost all his money in
    gambling. u---i ~I ~ o_y..UI _,..->
    xisir d-dacwa ji 1-ma}Jkama 'ams. He
    lost the case in court yesterday.
    ~ ~i ~'} y y \o'U _r>- xisirnaa;
    muub laagyiin 'a}Jsan minna. We lost
    him; we cannot find a better person
    than he. u---i _r>- ~..:A.!} fariigna xisir
    'ams. Our team lost yesterday.
    ;Lo.A.ll

    oJL.....,;.

    xasaara (v.n. from _r>- xisir)


    1. loss.
    2. waste, loss. l..\.b 0\S
    0) .....,:.. 0 ~ ~) 01~ caan daayman
    sakraan; raab cumra xasaara. He was
    always intoxicated; his life went to
    waste. !o}-->- xasaara! Pity! What a
    loss!

    c \

    ~t,.JM

    xsf

    ~~ xusuuf lunar eclipse. J _,....>Ail\ .:r-- ~ ~ o;~ ~~ xusuuf


    1-gumar c;baara can ga(Jab min 'a!/a.
    Lunar eclipse means God's anger.

    "':'~t xsb
    ~ xisab

    p. 0~ xisbaan 1. kind
    of a passenger ship. 2. (coli.) wood
    ( ~ l;itab is more common). s.
    ~ xsiba piece or board of wood.
    ~ J _,..L:....,.::o .Janduug xisab wooden
    box .

    xisir (~yxasir) to lose. _r>-

    . .
    :.

    185
    :.

    JIJM C xsr
    ~\;10-

    xaasar III to be or become a


    partner with
    s.o.,
    enter into
    partnership. <.,?" _,1; ...:... ~ J r+i~\..,:.
    xaasartahum w-xsirt fluusi. I went into
    partnership with them and lost my
    money.
    ~li. txaasar VI
    to enter into
    partnership
    (together),
    form
    a
    partnership together. ~...$?' L__.,.,) U I
    oJL..,;,..:li ~ \.j .r--=-\i.
    'aa~a W-$aa/:zbi
    txaasarna fi t-tijaara. My friend and I
    formed a partnership in trade.
    ~

    xasiir p.

    I~

    xasra partner (in

    trade).
    "'

    :.

    I)MI)M

    vv

    .;..;- xass (...;..>; yxiss) to hide, conceal


    s.th. ~ ~ ._r..j. 'i . JJ gul-li. Ia
    txiSS canni sayy. Tell me. Don't hide
    anything from me.

    _r-!1

    xass (v.n.) hiding, concealing.

    ~ xass s-sirr hiding the secret.

    :?\;10- xaass (act. part.) p. -iin I. hiding,


    concealing. ~ ~ ._}\....>- .;Lil u->"i
    'abiss 'innak xaass canni sayy. I feel
    that you are hiding something from
    me. 2. having hidden or concealed
    s.th. ~ ~ ._;.~.,.:. r \~yG ~).)\ L.
    rna dri s-asawwi; huwa xaass canni
    sayy. I don't know what to do; he has
    hidden something from me.
    :;~

    maxsuus (p.p.) hidden,


    concealed. ._}~ .r" sirr maxsuus
    hidden secret.

    t.~

    xusuuc (vp.) submissiveness,


    humbleness. ....,.....-! 4il t.__,..-J-1 1-xusuuc
    li-llaah bass. Submissiveness is to
    God only.
    ~\;10-

    xaasic (act. part) p. -iin


    submissive, humble.

    ~JMt xsg

    Ai,_..:;.\;10- xaasuuga p. ~ly xuwaasiig


    spoon. ~u.
    teaspoon.

    o.,.._;.~.,.:.

    xaasuugat caay

    xsm

    xasim p. r_r:..:.;. xsuum nose. ~

    ~1\..t. caza hal-xasim. Consider it

    done. I will do it willingly. Yes, sir.


    (prov.) ( Y .:>w _,_.J .:L,.. ~
    xasmak minnak lo caan caway. Do not
    be ashamed of your folks. (lit., "Your
    nose is a part of you even if it were
    crooked."). ~ J~ ~ .J')U
    flaan nafsa b-tarafxasma. So-and-so
    is arrogant and supercilious.~~~
    ~ haaoi ca[a xasmak. You will
    do this against your will. ~ JL.,.,
    r+i~ r~ $Gar ga$$ XSUUm
    beenaattum. They were at the brink of
    war. (lit., "There was a cutting off of
    noses between them."). V"'IJ .y ~
    ~ yitkallam min raas xasma. He is
    haughty.

    uJMt

    xsn

    ~ xasin p. -iin 1. coarse, rough. y.

    t~t xsc
    ~

    oneself, be submissive. ~) r~
    1 ~) Y$UUm w-y$aifi w-yxasic
    li-llaah. He fasts, prays, and humbles
    himself to God.

    f'OMt

    c xss

    UV"'C

    xisac (~ yxasic) to humble

    ,Y:..:.:. bazz xasin coarse cloth. ,y:..:.:- ..LL:,.


    yild xasin rough skin.
    2. crude,

    186
    uncouth. ~ J")l..,.:.( 'axlaag xasna
    crude manners.
    3. hoarse, lowpitched. .:r!->' ..::..>.}-"" ~oot xasin low
    pitched voice.
    ~~

    xasuuna
    1. coarseness,
    crudeness. 2. rudeness.

    ~~ 'axsan (elat.) 1. (with i f min)


    coarser, rougher than. 2. (with foil. n.)
    the coarsest, the roughest.
    ~

    . xsy.

    'i 4JMC

    xisa (~yxasi) to fear, dread.


    .111 ':a'l ~ \... rna yxasi 'illa llaah. He
    does not fear anyone except God. 1~1
    r~) ~ ~.) ~ 'ioa txasi
    rabbak t~alli w-l$UUm. If you fear your
    God, you (will have to) pray and fast.
    ~~ xtisa VIII to feel shame, be
    ashamed. ~ \... J ~ \... rna yixtisi
    w-ma yistif:zi. He doesn't feel any
    shame at all.

    ~~t X$b
    ~ Xa$iib fertile. ~ W,l U"I.J
    ~ ..}>) raas 1-xeema fiiha 'ar9

    xa$iiba. There is fertile land in Ras


    AI-Khaima. ~I J')U.I 1-hilaal
    1-xa~iib. The Fertile Crescent.
    .;~C x~r

    ~ Xa$iY p. _;_r='- XU$UUY waist

    Jt.,a:::.:-1 xli$aar summarization . .J~4


    b-xli$aor briefly, in a few words.
    ~

    mixla$OY brief, short. I . .JI_y


    ~ cinwoon mixlo$Or brief title.
    ~ ~ mixlo$or mufiid in brief, in
    short, to make a long story short. 2.
    (p. -oot) summary, synopsis, abstract.
    0_ri'L:i- X00$1'0 p . .J""'Iy XUWOO$iY hip,

    side (between the hip bone and false


    rib).

    ~~t X~~
    ~ xa~~

    (~ yxu~$) to concern,
    pertain to s.o., be of importance to s.o.
    ~ L.. ~ l.i.......t. haooa sayy rna
    yxu$:jak. This is something that
    doesn't concern you.~\... \($J)i \..
    madri; rna yxu:j:jni. I don't know; it's
    not my business. ~ r'YS' .:J.J ($.U.
    cindi li-e kalaam YXU:j:jiC. I have for
    you some words that are of importance
    to you.
    ~

    xa:j:fO:f II I. to reserve, assign.


    ..:;...u~ ':.'I J-->- ~ ~ _r-j)'
    1-waziir
    XO$$aS
    f:zijra
    f:zagg
    1-'ijtimaacaat. The minister reserved a
    room for meetings. J-->- .J~ ~
    ~.)-1 xa:j,:,'a:jna mukaan f:zogg 1-f:zariim.
    We have reserved a place for women.
    2. to set aside, designate. ~ rj'l
    6.....:>-1)1 .j.>- r.)!. Y ~L... loozim (XO$$i$
    soacteen kill yoom ~zagg r-raa~w. You
    have to set aside two hours a day for
    resting.
    3. to appropriate, allot,
    allocate. .) _,...).. :i...-J- - " """ ;.,. .r~'
    ~I.J)i ...;...>- ~ _;) li-bkuuma xa$$0$01
    xomsa molyoon dirhim f:zogg z-ziraoco.
    The government has appropriated fiye
    million dirhams for agriculture.

    ~ txa:j$0$ V to specialize, become


    a specialist. ~1_;)1 ~ ~ txa$$O$fi
    z-ziraaca.
    He
    specialized
    in
    agriculture.
    ~I XIO$$ VIII= V ~ txa:j$0$.
    JJ..UI .J ji.All ~ ~ 1 ...s"~' 1..U, haaoo

    li-mf:zoomi xlO$$ fi 1-g;anuun d-dowli.


    This attorney specialized in inter-

    187

    .national law.XU$UU$an

    xamsiin darzan bee{)? How much

    ~~

    especially. ~
    . j J~' ~ L._, ~
    yl:zibb
    1-labam, XU$UU$an labam l-xaruuf He
    likes meat, especially lamb.

    ,r---LJI

    ~~

    XU$UU$i 1. special. ~ jly.


    ~ ~ jawaaz safar XU$UU$i special
    passport. 2. private, personal. o}::-'""
    y ~ sayyaara XU$UU$iyya private

    would you deduct from the price if I


    buy fifty dozen eggs?
    ~~ nxi$am VII to be deducted, be

    discouted. .,.._.JI
    nxi,~am

    .:..r- ~ .J:> 6.;:_., ~I

    sit/a dirhim min s-sicir.

    Six
    dirhams were deducted from the price.
    ~

    xa$im (v.n. from

    r-="" Xi$am)

    1.

    discount. r-='" ~ L. rna fii xa$im.


    There is no discount. () ~
    yl xa$im xamsiin fi l-miya 50%
    discount.
    2. (p. r~ xu,~uum)
    opponent. J-,!_;JI i _,.....::-ll o.J_,(JI () ~

    r-a>-

    car.

    l.f'L,;. xaa,~$ 1. special. U""l>- _,-....... sicir


    xaa$$ special price. U""l>- r-="" xa$im
    xa$$ special discount. ........,l>- J J~
    {Juruuf xaa$$a special circumstances.
    6.____....::,l;.:. o.)~
    b-$UUra xaa$$a
    particularly, especially.
    2. private.
    t.......l>- L .J...L.o madrasa xaa$$a private
    school.
    3. reserved, limited. IL
    ~ _rll U""L..,.:. C 1_,...()1 haaoa l-garaaj
    xaa$$ lil-muwa(j9afiin. This car park is
    reserved for the employees.
    -::J~

    mxa$$a$aat allowances. ~.,?lit.


    ._;,L____...ll J ~ ..::.;1
    " ,,:,J\
    haaoi
    li-mxa$$a$aat foog 1-macaaJ. These
    allowances
    salary.

    are in addition to the

    (.,?:> _,...._JI

    xa$imna fi 1-kuura 1-yoom


    l-fariig s-sucuudi. Our opposing soccer
    team today is the Saudi team. IL
    ill U""\..>. r-="" haaoa xa$im xaa$$ lak
    This is a special discount for you.

    4.A~ X$UUma p. -aat dispute, quarrel,


    feud. ~4. ...___.. ~ ~ fii X$UUma
    beenattum. There is a dispute among
    them.
    ~~

    mxaa$im (act. part. from III


    r-"'L..,.:. xaa$am) having quarreled with
    s.o., having opposed s.o. ~~ J-">
    ~L..;:. huwa lli mxaa$imni. He is the
    one who has quarreled with me.

    J~t X$1
    ll.,a:.;. xi$1a p.

    J-=:-

    Xi$al, -aat trait,

    . X$Y

    ~~~C

    good characteristic. ~j ~ J..l...<>.ll

    $-$idj xi$1a zeena. Telling the truth is a

    emasculate s.o. ,:p_ J>-- 'j J J)-1 ~

    good quality.

    Xa$eena

    . x$m

    1-xaruuf lajil yimtan. We

    castrated the lamb so that it might


    become fat.

    ~~C

    Xi$ a (~ yxa$i) to castrate,

    xi$am (~yxa$im) to deduct,

    discount (a bill, a note, etc.)~~

    f._f2.:1 Jj.J:> ~ ~_r-:;,1 1~1 __,......JI .y


    cam fxa$im-li min s-sicir 'ioa stireet

    xa$i p. J~ Xi$yaan, ~

    Xi$ya

    1. castrate, eunuch. 2. one who

    cannot have sexual intercourse (with a


    woman).

    188
    ~ max~i (p.p. from ~ xi~a) p.

    -yyiin 1. castrated, emasculated. 2. (p.


    I,S"""L_;s! maxaa~i) castrated male,
    eunuch.
    ~

    xt'
    ~ xita (~ yixti) to make a

    mistake, com~it an error. J ~ LiT


    C L.....-ll ~ ...,_J.1iJ ~ 'aana xiteet fi
    IJaggak w- 'at/ub minnak s-samaa/:l. I
    did wrong to you and I ask your
    forgiveness.
    ~ xatta II

    to cause to make a
    mistake, incriminate. . .......:... ~ L..
    ...L...>-IJ y ~ rna cafeek minna. yxatti
    kill waa!Jtd. Never mind him. He
    causes everyone to make mistakes.
    L....,k,;. xata p. ~L.,b:.i 'axtaa' mistake,
    wrongdoing. ~ ...,_J.1iJ \.,b:. -=-or LiT

    C L.....-ll 'aana sawweet xata w- 'atlub


    minnak s-samaa/:l. I made a mistake
    and I ask your forgiveness. \.,b:. .y- can
    xata by mistake. L.,b:. ~ ...:.4U UT
    'aana saaylinna can xata. I am
    carrying it by mistake. ~ '0-:!j
    ~!.ll...J=:. ~ zeen, ceeft~alli/:l xataak?
    Fine, how are you going to correct
    your mistake?
    ~ mixti p. -yiin mistaken, at fault.
    ~I L.;\J ~I

    Jy

    w~

    J-a>-

    /:li~al

    dacma ji suug s-simac w-aana


    1-mixti. A car accident took place in
    the fish market, and I was at fault.

    ":" t

    xtb

    ~ xitab (~yxatib) 1. to make a

    speech, give a public address. ~ ~


    U"UI ~ ~ ~I oJL..,JI

    yoom

    j...;t d.a.J..i

    l-yimca gab/ ~-$alaa s-seex

    yxa{ib ji n-naas. On Friday, before


    prayer, the Shaikh gives a speech to
    the people. 2. to propose to, ask for a
    girl's hand in marriage . .:.r ~I ~
    U.y.i xitabna 1-bint min 'ubuuha. We
    asked the father for the girl's hand in
    marriage. ~ ...J ~ j...>-- 'J vi J-}
    ~ {arras 'umma /ajil txatib-la
    bnayya yimiila. He sent his mother to
    propose to a beautiful girl for him.
    ~~ xaatab III to address s.o., talk
    o.r speak t~ s.o. y y ,..;...ji ~l.::.i LiT
    ~G ...1....>-IJ

    'aana 'axaatibk 'inta, muub


    ~aa/:lid 8aani. I am talking to you,
    not to someone else.
    ~I nxitab VII

    to be betrothed,
    become engaged. ~ _r--!. ~~ ~~
    A.....iWI ~; J ~I nxatbat /-bini yoom
    1-yimca w-gareena 1-faat/:la. The girl
    got engaged on Friday and we read the
    first sura (from the Quran).
    ~ xitba p. ~ xitab 1. address,

    speech. 2. sermon . ..;...j\5' ~~ ~


    _r--':l-1 J~i .:/' xitbat 1-yimca caanat can
    'acmaal 1-xeer. The Friday sermon
    was about charitable deeds. 3. (p.
    -aat) betrothal, engagement ceremony.
    yl_k,:. xitaab

    p. -aat 1. speech,
    address. 2. formal letter. ...},;1 .1-j}l
    cj j-1~ ~ y\..k>. 1-waziir tarras-li
    xitaab
    tahniya b-t-tarfiic.
    The
    minister sent me a
    letter of
    congratulations for promotion.

    ~~ xaatib (act. part. from .__..6:.

    xitab) p. yl..,b:. xittaab


    betrothed.
    ~ xatiiba
    betrothed.

    p. -aat

    1. fiance,

    fiancee,

    189
    ~lk,;. xarraaba
    (f.).

    J-5'

    for your sake. _,.bl...:>'.;r- min kill


    gladly. !~I ~I _,.blJ- Ia
    xaatir
    xaatir alta 'iskit! For God's sake, be
    qui~t! !~~ ~ .:U1 _,.6\.::L Ia xaatir 'alia
    bass caad! For the sake of Allah, quit
    it! .!..\ _,.bl...:>'- ~ cafa xaa{rak. as you
    like. _,.bt>. .i..:,:. xao b-xaatir. to offer

    p. -aat matchmaker

    ..)~t xrr

    __,....6:- xitar (~ yxatir) to occur. Lo


    ~ J~ ~ ~ rna xitar cafa baali
    sayy.

    Nothing came to (my) mind.

    ~~I~

    1ul)

    .~1

    .J..l;.j )l...o) c}J

    JL,Ji ~ ~

    condolences. .o _,.b\3. ..i..>.Li (J_,...; l...;b:..


    u---'i ..:.;L... o.J--!i xa!!na nruuh naaxio
    b-xaatra. 'ubuu maat 'ams. Let's go
    offer our condolences. His father died
    yesterday. ~I c.?~ l,? c..?J.l>- xaatri
    fi haaoi 1-bint. I like this girl. This girl
    appeals to me. 2. (p. Jl,b.:. xuttaar)
    guest. L:...JI ~ JL..k_:,.:. Li~ cindana
    xuttaar cafa f_casa. We have guests
    for dinner.

    tra.ffac W-$aar tindeel.


    rna ftihamna. walla haaoa sayy rna
    yxa(ir cata !-baa!. He was promoted
    and became supervisor. We didn't
    know (what was going on). This is
    something I can't imagine.

    __,....6:- xattar II

    to notify, inform s.o.,


    )=:- ~.tl)l
    serve s.o. notice. Lr"

    F ,;

    ..:......:.,ll 1-baladiyya xat{arata yitfac min


    !-beet. The municipal council notified

    oJl._k,;. xtaara visit, visiting (friends or


    relatives). u---! ;;Jl,b.:. \..:.,>.- yiina xtaara
    bass. We came only for a visit.

    him to vacate the house.

    ~ xa(ar p. Jl,b.:.i 'axtaar 1. danger,


    risk. 2. menace, danger, peril. L.,.. ..b-IJ
    ~~ ~ )=:- ~~ waahid has-sikil
    xatar cafa 1-mijtamac. Someone like
    this is a menace to society.

    ~ xatiir I. serious. grave. ~)


    _r.--.k,.:. ~.) rtikab oanb xatiir. He
    committed

    serious

    crime.

    2.

    ~ .b

    xtt

    II I. to mark off, line.


    ;; J_,_s:JI ...,_,..L. l_,....b..b:- xattataw mafcab

    .k.._k;,;. xattat

    1-kuura. They marked off the soccer


    field.

    -LWI
    hagg

    2. to plan, project. ~I .__,.J.s;

    majlis t-taxtiit yxatfit


    1-balad.
    The
    planning

    ._j->- .k....k>.,

    important, significant, weighty. J~!


    _r---.b.:. 'icfaan xa(iir.
    important

    commission plans for the country.

    announcement.

    L?"' ..h..>. r ;

    ~i 'axtar (elat.)

    1. (with ,y min)

    .k.._,;. xatt p . .1 _,.......b:. xruut 1. line. i j'i

    laazim tirsim xatt hini.

    You have to draw a line here. 2. line,

    more dangerous, riskier. 2. (with foil.

    line of communication, route. ..h...>.

    n.) the most dangerous.

    ...r"WI xatr 1-paa$

    __,kL.>- xaatir p. _,..11y xawaatir I.


    idea, thought,

    inclination . .!l _,bL..,:.

    the

    J~

    an idea. It
    sake, desire,

    li-x(uu{ 1-jawwiyya 1-kweetiyya Kuwait


    Airlines. d.....).WI "--:!_,..J:-1 .1 _,....k.:LI li-x(uut

    J>.- 'J lajil xaatrak.

    l-jawwiyya 1-caalamiyya Trans World

    I had

    occurred to me.

    ..L:..lJ--1 ~ xatt sikkat 1-hadiid

    railroad line. ~~~ "--:!_,..J:-1 .1 _,....k.:LI

    notion. _,bl...:>'-

    xitar-li xaa(ir.

    the bus line. .b:-

    2.

    Airlines. 3. telephone line.

    J_,.;....::-..

    .k:ll

    190

    1-xaf{ masguul. The line is busy. o~


    JG ..6,__;,:. c;nda xatt Oaani. He has
    another (extension) line.
    4. letter.
    ~ .k.:.:. ~ )> tarrast xatt /:lagg
    hali. I sent a letter to my family. 5.
    (milit.) line. a....,...L/JI .b,_):.j-1 li-xtuut
    !- 'amaamiyya the front lines.
    6.
    penmanship, handwriting. -4 .k.:.:. xa(f
    yadd penmanship, handwriting. 7.
    calligraphy. ~rJI .h.::L-1/-xatt f-carabi
    Arabic calligraphy.

    having been kidnapped, abducted . .:r.'


    J # .J-j)l 'ibn 1-waziir max{uuf The
    minister's son has been kidnapped. 3.
    having been hijacked. u # o;L,.kll
    t-tayyaara max{uufa The plane has
    been hijacked.

    Ju

    ~ xafli written, handwritten. yl_,.,..


    ~ jawaab xatti written answer.

    L.k,;. xitta p. J:....b:. xi(at !. plan,


    project, design.
    2. policy, line of
    action.
    J,l.k,o. xattaat p. -iin calligrapher. 2.

    sign painter.

    J,
    maxtuu{, -....1 #
    -aat (old) manuscript.

    max(uu(a p.

    J.b t xif
    ~xitaf(...JJ:yxa{ij) 1. to snatch,
    seize, grab. J ,_..JI <J ...___, _,.J.; -.;... l_,..;.k.>.

    xtafaw minna jluusa ji s-suug. They


    snatched his money from him in the
    marketplace. 2. to abduct, kidnap s.o.
    u _,.1.:;) ~I 1_,.....;1>. xtafaw 1-bint wgataluuha. They kidnapped the girl
    and killed her. 3. to hijack. I~
    o,;L-:k)l xtafaw !-{ayyaara. They
    hijacked the plane.

    ,J .b

    xtw

    ~ txatta V to overstep, transgress.


    Alii ~ )..L:>- ~ ':l Ia titxafla /:lduud
    'alla. Don't overstep the bounds (or
    the restrictions) that God has placed
    on man's freedom of action. _;at
    J ;WI j_,.......,i txa!{a 'u.~uul t-tacaaruf
    He violated the customs of getting
    acquainted.

    o~ xa(wa p.

    -aat step, pace, stride.


    sawwii xa{wa xa(Wa.
    Do it one step at a time.

    o_,...k.:.:. o_,.b:.

    t t

    "-!.y

    x9x9

    xa(ixa9 (~ yxa(ixi(i) to
    shake, rock. :; _;:-,!1 u~ ~ ':l Ia
    txa(ixip botil 1-biira. Don't shake the
    beer bottle.

    ..) C x(ir
    ~ xa9Jar II
    1. to dye or color
    green, to make green. )..l..l' Y'-! \; f="

    xa9(Jarna baah d-daar. We colored


    the house door green. ~()1 _r=;xa9(Jar c-caffiyya. He dyed the head
    dress green. ~~~ ~ ~~ ....o....i)i
    r-rang 1-xa(iar yxa(i(iir 1- 'asya. Green

    ~~ nxitaf VII 1. to be kidnapped,


    abducted. ~~ .J-j)i J.l 'ibn l-waziir
    nxitaf The
    minister's son was

    green. }J.I ~ ~ .JS" [,;} z-:aric


    killa xa(i(iir cugb 1-murar. All the

    kidnapped.

    young crops

    ~ max{uuf(p.p. from~ xi{a/)


    p. -iin I. victim of kidnapping. 2.

    ram.

    paint makes things green.

    2. to turn

    turned green after the

    ~~ x(iarr IX to tum green . ..;_, f="'

    191

    _,...kll .:_r--o ._;.J f.y1 x(Jarrat 1-'ar(j min


    1-mu{ar. The land turned green from
    the rain. ~)I ~ ~ ~I s-siyar
    yix(jarr fi r-rabiic. Trees turn green in
    the spring.
    ~ xa(jar p. ~ xu(jur f. I~
    xa(jra green. I~ J ;l:-- sayyaarti
    xa(Jra. My car is green. ~ 0 _r.:&cyuun xu(jur green eyes.

    o~ xu(Jra 1. greens, salad greens.


    2. (p . ...:.>IJ~ xu(jrawaat) vegetables.
    )~ xa(jaar 1. green, green color. 2.

    vegetation, greenery.

    1.$~ x(jeeri p. -yya bird whose


    feathers are green and yellow.

    c ..

    li li . xoo
    ~

    xa(j(j (~ yxu(j(j) to shake. ':1


    Ci ~I ~ ~ Ia txu(j(j botil 1-biira.
    Don't shake the beer bottle. ~I~
    IJ...UI y _r.J L. ~xu(}(} 1-botil gabil-ma
    tisrab d-duwa. Shake the bottle before
    you take the medicine.
    ~

    xaoo (v.n.) shaking

    ~ xa(j(ja (n. of inst.) p. -aat an


    instance of shaking. ~~ ~
    ~ xa(j(jeet 1-bo(il xa(j(jateen. I
    shook the bottle twice.

    t Ji Cxpc
    ~

    xipac (~ yxapic) to submit,


    yield, be under one's control. J~l
    ~r5"l.J-1 J.->- 0~ 1-badu yxa{Jcuun
    bagg l-baakim? Do Bedouins yield to
    the ruler? 4-k J J>- ~ L. a.. )-1 t?:U.
    haaoi /-burma ma txa{Jic bagg riilha.
    This woman doesn't obey her
    husband.

    xa(j(jac II to subdue, humble,


    subjugate. ~'-! J-~1 ~ a.. _,s:J.-1
    ~~ ':JIJ
    li-bkuuma txa(j(jic
    1-gabaayil b-t-!iib walla b-l-ga$b. The
    government subdues the tribes by
    hook or by crook.
    ~ txa(j(jac V

    to base oneself,

    grovel. J.-->' ~ c') o_,.....;.a L....#


    0\y....UI cugub-ma fannasoo raah
    yitxa(j(jac hagg d-diiwaan 1- 'amiiri.
    After they fired him, he went to grovel
    at the Emiri Court.

    c.; fr" ~I

    ~ xu(juuc (v.n. from & xipac)


    submission, obedience. 0"'! 4il t.~'
    1-xu(juuc li-llaah bass. Submission is
    only to God.
    ~~ xaa(jic (act. part. from~
    xi(jac) p. -iin having been submissive
    or obedient.

    .JJ C xfr

    .;-

    xaffar II prevent a young girl


    from going out without a veil, as in
    ~I IJ~ xaffaraw 1-bint. They
    prevented the girl from going
    unveiled.

    o.# xafra p. -aat young girl, lass.


    ~ taxfiir (v.n. from II_# xaffar)
    the practice of preventing a young girl
    from going out without a veil.
    ~

    maxfar p. )L....;;:. maxaafir


    guardroom, control post. 4.1 _r;. ~
    maxfar
    sir(a police substation,
    precinct station. ~ J..L:ll ~ maxfar
    li-bduud the border post.

    ~Jt xfo
    ~ xaffa{J II

    to lower, decrease,

    192

    reduce (e.g., price). ~I~ I~!

    ;..Si (.,) ~i 'ioa txa.ffi{J s-sicir 'astiri


    'ak8ar. If you lower the price, I will
    ':1 Ia
    buy more. ! ~ !..:l;y
    tirfac ~ootak! xa.ff.oa! Don't raise your
    voice! Lower it!

    e:J;

    ~I nxifa{J VII to drop, go down,


    decrease. ~I ~l:ll.) (.,)Ll.l r.>_r-mustawa 1-maay fi t-taanki nxifa{J. The
    water level in the reservoir went down.
    i~~l u ~I ~j J-..- .r. ./'-" sicir
    barmiil zeet nxifa{J hal-iyyam. The
    price of a barrel of oil has dropped
    these days.

    ~ minxafi{J (act. part.) low. Jl.......i


    ~

    'ascaar minxafoa low prices.


    r ~oot minxafi{J low voice.

    ~ ...:..>

    thins out. ~ I~ o~ \ ~ y> huwa


    S:eeba; cara bada yxif.f He is an old
    man; his hair has started to thin. 5. to
    hurry, speed up, hasten . ..!,.Lk. J .....W:.
    '-""WI ..!J..i~ \... j>-- ':1 xu.If rii/ak laji/ ma
    yfuutak 1-paa~. Hurry up if you don't
    want to miss the bus.
    ~

    xaffaf II 1. to make lighter,


    1. haaoa
    lighten . ...ui. i j'i \~
    1-bimi/ ()agiil; /aazim txa.ffifa. This
    load is heavy; you have to lighten it.
    2. to decrease, lessen. _rJ..-1 J-'='; :.:;
    ~ _r-11 ....;......i>. /een too;wl 1-jisir xaffif
    s-surca. When you get to the bridge,
    slow down. 3. to lighten, ease, relieve.
    ~~ ~ ....;......i>. -?Ul! 1-gaa{Ji xaffaf
    canna Hwkm. The judge gave him a
    lighter sentence. "-!~ ....\>.. ':1 y..l.!' 1....
    ....
    ~ )1 .._;,__d :; .r.~ raab d-daxtar lajil
    yu{Jurba 'ihra txaffif 1-wujac. He went
    to the doctor so that he might give him
    a shot to eas~ the pain. .:::.~ ~~
    ._,.......i y...:JI xaffafaw canni s-s;tgztl 'ams.
    They made the work lighter on me
    yesterday. ~ (:-!\J ...r'J..U1 :; )1 ._;i.:.
    ~ ti.:....... ~~ haarJi 1-marra 1-mudarris
    raayi~ yxaffif 1- 'as'ila canna.
    This
    time the teacher is going to give us
    easier qu~stions. 4. to lighten. thin.
    o~l J ~ -~~ ..;L:Ji \~ haaoa
    c-caay 8agiil. xa_ffi(-li-;yaa. This tea
    is dark. Lighten it for me. ~ ,.._.;:.,

    J.J-'

    ~~C xff

    ..;.,.:;. xaff (~ yxiff) I. to become


    lighter, decrease in weight, lose
    weight. .._j___;>. ~ j) wazni xaff My
    weight decreased. ~ .!.1 j) i _yU 0)
    leen rcuum waznak yxif.f When you
    swim, your weight decreases. j.-J-1
    6.,6.;..:;. .W ...:,';} 4s- ._A.;.:. 1-~imil xaffcafee
    linna gat( santa. The load was lighter
    for him because he threw away a bag.
    2. to decrease . ._A.;,:. \... ~ E" _,.ll!-wujac
    bacad ma xaff. The pain hasn't let up
    yet. 3. to get easier, lighter.
    J ~ l-:! ..w..l J G:. 0) ._A.;,:. ~ s-sugul
    ~aggi xaff leen ya waabid ysaacidni.
    My work got lighter when someone
    came to assist me. 4. to be thin or

    pi

    sparse, to thin . .,s.) . ~ j j:J-1~ J _r-ll


    iG-.:lj'~l ~

    ..J:-l r..? ~ s-suug oanliin

    zabma.
    trayya swayy leen yxiff
    li-zdibaam. The market-place is now
    crowded. Wait a little until the crowd

    ~L, <..} ~ J li-m~wssin

    xaffafli
    scari b-li-mga~~ The barber thinned
    my hair with the scissors.
    ..;.,.:;. xuff p.
    ~1

    j\...i;.:.l

    xfaa_f hoof. ...A>-

    xuff 1-biciir the camel hoof.

    u.,:. xi/fa (v.n. from ._A.;,:. xaj() agilit~.


    nimbleness. U _,L 1 ~ xiffat Haralw

    I93
    nimbleness, agility. r...LJI ~ xi./fat
    d-damm amiability, charm.

    J..,:.i 'axaff (elat.; with .:r-- min) 1.


    lighter than, more lightweight. 2.
    slighter, less. 3. weaker, more diluted.
    4. more agile. (with foil. n.). I. the
    lightest, the most lightweight. 2. the
    slightest, the least. 3. the weakest, the
    most diluted. 4. the most agile. (See
    examples under ~ xafiifbe!ow).
    ~ xafiif p. -iin, JLi>- xfaaf I.

    light, not heavy, lightweight. 1~


    ~ .;..L.Z \~ ._,-..$JI haaoa c-Ciis
    xafiif; tigdar tsiila. This bag is light;
    you can carry it. ~ ~ santa
    xafiifa light suitcase. ~ j5"'i 'akil
    xafiif
    light, easily digestible food.
    ~ ~ l:zukum xafiif light
    sentence. 2. slight, little, insignificant.
    ~ ~) wujac xafiif slight pain.
    ~
    sugul xafiifeasy work. 3.
    thin, sparse. ~ ~ sacar xafiif
    thin hair. 4. thin, diluted. ~ Ji .J
    rang xafiifthin paint. 5. agile, nimble,
    quick. ~ o..t:yadda xafiifa. He is a
    fast worker. r..Lll ~ xafiif d-damm
    amiable, charming. J-.k.li ~ xafiif
    (i-(ii/1 likeable, nice (person). (,>U

    y..._;.

    ~ caay xajiif weak tea. J.U.ll ~


    xajiif f-cagil feeble-minded, simpleminded.

    ~ taxjiif(v.n. from II ~ xaffaf)


    I. lightening, easing. 2. decreasing,
    lessening. 3. thinning, lightening.

    ~Jt xfg
    ~ xifag (~ yxajig) 1. to palpitate,

    throb, beat. ._j _,3-1 .:..r--- ~ ~ gafba


    yxajig min 1-xooj
    His heart is

    palpitating out of fear. 2. to beat, whip


    (eggs, cream, etc.) ~ ..J ~
    xifag-la bee9teen. He beat two eggs
    for himself.

    'i._;C

    xfy

    ~ txaffa V I. to hide, keep onesel~


    out of view.
    ,J-) ....; f" ..l>L.. J ...Ptxaffa w-mal:zl:zad ciraf ween raal:z. He
    was in hiding and nobody knew where
    he went. 2. to disguise oneself. ~
    ci f.) ~~ txaffa b-cibaaya w-birgic.
    He disguised himself in an aba and a
    veil.

    c'.)

    ~I xtifa VIII I. to hide, keep


    oneself out of sight. L.. ~ ~I ~WI
    J.. ~I .......;fi. 1-baayig xtifa l:zatta ma
    ycarfa .1:-sirti.
    The thief concealed
    himself so the policeman wouldn't
    recognize him.
    2. to disappear,
    vanish. .;L.I2i\ll ,:.r-s- ~I xtifa can
    l-'an9aar. He disappeared from sight.

    J-.a.i

    .~ JS r$-A
    J ~I tl:za$~il hini kill sayy. ~ala sayy
    yixtifi min s-suug.
    You can find

    .:.r-- ~ ~ 'i)

    everything here. Nothing vanishes


    from the market.

    L#-

    xifya secretly, covertly. CJ..r-!


    ~ ii p. y AJ J~l yruu~ l-fundug
    w-yisrab biira xifya. He goes to the
    hotel and drinks beer secretly.

    ~ maxji
    p. -yyiin
    hidden,
    concealed. ~ .r--" !.I~ JL.1ih

    haaoa taa/ ~umrak sirr maxji. This,


    may you live long, is a hidden secret.
    ~ mitxafji

    p. -yiin disguised, in

    disguise. ~ JlS o_,..>- j ~ teen

    zaxxoo ca~n mitxaffi.

    When they

    caught him, he was in disguise.

    194

    ~Jt xlb
    ~ mixlab p. ~~ maxaalib claw,

    talon.

    [J t

    xlj

    xaliij p . .J\.;.,..1.:. xiljaan gulf, bay.


    xaliij cmaan the Gulf of
    Oman. ~__,.JI
    1-xaliij f-carabi the
    Arabian Gulf. <.,?" }A.li ~~ 1-xaliij
    1-faarsi the Persian Gulf.
    .J~ ~

    #'

    ~ xaliiji 1. characteristic ofthe


    Arabian Gulf. ~ JUi ~
    simacna 'agaani xaliijiyya.
    We
    listened to Gulf songs. 11..~ ~
    ~ _,s:-L.:;. ~ ca[i cabda!!a xaliifa
    saacir xaliiji. Ali Abdalla Khalifa is a
    Gulf poet. ~I .JJl...:ll ~ majlis
    The Gulf
    t-tacaawun 1-xaliiji.
    Cooperation Council. 2. (p. -yyiin)
    Gulf Arab. ~ ...,;- J ~ Y' huwa
    xaliiji w-hiya xaliijiyya. He is a Gulf
    Arab and she is a Gulf Arab too.

    JtJt

    xlxl

    ~ xalxal (~ yxalxil) 1. to
    shake. ..w.; L.J _r-11 ~ xalxa/1-meez
    leen gicad He shook the table when
    he sat down. 2. to tilt. j...:>:Ji J..Lii
    ~o~l ~L tigdar txalxil haaai
    li-$Xara? Can you tilt this big rock?

    J.IL...,:. xaalid p. -iin


    I. eternal,
    immortal, undying. ~ ..:r-..UL>- LJ:-.:..o jll
    a....J.,.i 1-mu'umniin xaaldiin fi /-Janna.
    The faithful will
    be immortal
    inhabitants of paradise. 2. Khalid
    (popular male's first name); f. o..UL:.:.
    xaalida Khalida .

    '-"" J t

    xis

    ~I

    xtilas VIII to embezzle. ~~


    4.5"'~\ J' _,...J.; .:.r-- ~ J:J .J ~ xtilas
    malyoon dirhim min jluus s-sarika.
    He embezzled one million dirhams
    from the company's funds.
    ,_r":J.,::.:;-1 xtilaas (v.n.) embezzlement.
    ~ mixtalis (act.

    part.) p. -iin

    embezzler.

    ~Jt XI$
    ~ xila$ (~ yxali$) 1. to be
    freed, get rid of. U. 0-" ._,a--1>-) j.i:;l

    ?' ntigal w-xila$ min has-sugul.

    He
    transferred and was relieved of this
    work. ~iJ o).=-- ~_r...;.i c:-'J raayif;
    'astiri sayyaara w- 'ax fa$. I am going
    to buy a car and be done with it. 2.
    (with J-" min) to escape from, avoid.
    11 ~- .:;., __,_ll .:.r-- ~ xila$ min
    !-moot b-masii'at illaah. He escaped
    from death by God's will. ~ ~

    ..L.J.,.:. xallad II

    ~ .J-! .r .y l...,a.b.:. J .J..l;.) $ayyafna fi


    landan w-xila$na min l}arr bu pabi.
    We spent the summer in London and
    escaped the heat of Abu Dhabi.

    ~ txallad V to be perpetuated, im-

    ~ xalla$ II 1. to finish, complete.


    ~j8\ ._.. J..UI ~ xal!a$1 1-madrasa
    8-fJaanawiyya. I finished high school.

    JJC

    xld

    to perpetuate, immortalize. 0 .?~ \)..ll.:,.:. xalladaw oikra.


    They perpetuated his memory.
    mortalized . .)~ ~ o_?~ ~ ~\J
    raayil:z
    yitxallad oikra cugub-ma
    His memory will be
    yitwaffa.
    immortalized after he passes away.

    ~ ~ xalla$ sug!a. He finished

    his work. ~ ~ J'-!J ~ ~

    195

    o-L.....:>-IJ xalla$af santeen w-baagi


    caJeeha sana wal)da. She completed
    two years and has one more year to go.
    kll;._;;. .:.;---~~mila txalli,~ min
    suglak? When do you get off your
    work? !.1 ~~ .:.r oJ~l ..!1! ~i J...lii
    r---"J~ ....;J~ 'agdar 'axalli$-lak

    s-sayyaara min 1-jimrig b- 'alf dirhim.


    I can get you the car from customs for
    a thousand dirhams.
    2. to be or
    become finished, used up. Lo J..-.6

    ...,.,_.L.:. ....J5" \JL>- .r.- ~ mit'assifmafii


    xubiz baarr; killa xalla$. I am sorry.
    There is no hot bread; it's all gone.
    U..b:. jL...u .~ oJWI s-sayyaara
    xallasat. tacaal xioha.
    The car is
    finished. Come and take it. oJJ...L.;S:J1
    ..:-__.a..,_\....
    > ~

    1-kandoora l)aggak

    xallasat. Your dishdash is finished. 3.


    to u~e up, finish. \}5'"'~1 J5' ~ '1
    ..::....JS' L. ~ ..!J.;;:.:.i Ia txall$iin kil/1-'akil;
    'uxtic bacad rna kalat. Don't eat up all
    the food; your sister hasn't eaten yet.

    ~i 'axla$ IV to be faithful, devoted.


    .w~.,:>- .:.;--- r~ .;->- T Jl U.l ~i 'axla$'ilha 'ila 'aaxir yoom min l)ayaata. He
    was faithful to her till the last day of
    his life.

    ~ txalla$ V (with .:.r min) to rid


    oneself of s.o. or s.th . ....,;.. ~ rj'l
    ~~ 'liJ ~l-: laazim titxalla$iin
    minna b-t-tiib walla b-l-ga$b. You
    will have to get rid of him by hook or
    crook. ~I \...o. .:.r ~ txalla$na min
    hal-ga(liyya.
    We got rid of this
    problem.
    ~.....

    staxla$

    to extract.

    ru.' JJ.H' .:.;--- o..~..>.-IJ ~i 0~


    yistaxil$uun

    'asya

    waayda

    min

    1-batrool 1-xaamm.

    They extract
    several things (i.e., products) from
    crude oil.
    vP"j._;. xalaa$ 1. way out, deliverance.
    d'"j.,__,;. L_p l...o \~ e,;l...Jt. haaoi
    muskila; rna minha xalaa$. This is a
    problem. There is no way out of it. 2.

    it's done, there's nothing else to be


    said . .?~ l.i...l:S- u...ll !d'')L,.:. xalaa$1
    J-casa cindana baaCir.
    That's it!
    Dinner is at our place tomorrow .

    e,;J...:s. ii_,..s-...UI !.../'".>\...> xalaa$! d-dacwa


    cindi.

    It's done! I am responsible for


    the case. 3. kind of dates. s. ~')\.:.:. -a.
    ~"j..;;-

    xulaa$a gist, summary. ~')\.:.:.


    c__,.....,;:, _,ll xulaa$af 1-maw(Juuc the gist,
    summary

    of the subject. 4.........p')Ull

    l-xulaa$a in short, briefly. 1..\;. ,~')Ull


    JL..,;.,. J y .J--" l-xulaa$a, haaoa muub
    rayyaal. In short, that's not a man.
    c:>L...,aL.;. xal$aan p. -iin (with .;r min)
    1. rid of, free of. ..:r.,;L,aL.:. J .::il ..LJ-1
    ..,:. ')......._.;, .:.r---- 1-bamdu lillaah nib in
    xal$aaniin min Claaxa. Thank God,
    we're' rid of his lying . .:..r-- JL,al:.:. liT
    ~L___.;...
    'aana xal$aan min
    I am free of their
    masaakilhum.
    problems.
    2. finished, done, over.
    U..b:. JL...u ,6...jl.,al:.:. ..!,.l;J~ sayyaartak
    xal$aana. tacaal xioha. Your car is
    finished. Come get it. . JL,al:.:. ,_;;. J5'
    JL..,.j ~kill sayy xal$aan. bass tacaal.
    Everything is done. Just come over.
    GL,al:.:. .....W..I 1-l)ajla xal$aana. The
    party's over. 3. gone, finished, used
    up. JL,al:.:. .J5" J\)...1 ~11-xubiz 1-/:laarr
    killa xal$aan. All the hot bread is
    gone . ../"'}.....>. ~ . JL,al:.:. ,.;..j )1/-wagt
    xal$aan. bass xalaa$. The time's up.

    196

    muub zeeniin. He is mixing with bad


    people.

    That's it. It's done.


    ~ max/a~

    final offer, finn, final


    cam
    price. ~.J--:!.)1)1 ~~I
    /-max/a~ ca[a r-radyo? How much is
    the final offer on the radio? ~I
    ~.J.) ~~ /-maxla-5 b-xamsimyat
    dirham. The final price is 500
    dirhams.

    r..5'

    ~I xtilat VIII 1. to be mixed,


    blended. J.U~ J.UI ..k....h:-1 xtilat
    1-baabi/
    b-n-naabil.
    Everything
    became confused, got into a state of
    confusion. c.,.>L1~ ..:....::--JI .k...b:-1 xtilat
    s-smiit b-1-maay. The cement was
    mixed with water. 2. to associate or
    mix. ~)-1 ~IJ ~ yixtalut wiyya
    1-barim. He associates with women.

    ~i 'ax/a~ 1. (with .y min) more


    faithful, loyal than. 2. (with foil. n.)
    the most faithful.

    l.f'~l

    mixing, blending.
    mistaking.

    4._!,~ xal/aa{a p. -aat mixer, mixing


    machine. ~ -..J.')I.>. xal/aa{at smiit
    cement mixer.

    'ixlaa~ faithfulness, loyalty,

    sincerity.
    ..,al~

    xaali-5 pure, unmixed,


    unadulterated. ~L....,.:. ~~ oahab
    xaali-5 pure gold.
    ~

    muxli$ p. -iin loyal, faithful.

    ~ ~~ ~adiig muxli$ loyal friend.

    Ul ~

    4-k .J riilha muxli$-ilha. Her

    husband is faithful to her.

    .b J

    .1;_l,;. xi/at (..1...8; yuxlu!)

    I. to mix,

    blend, mingle. JL.Qjpll L:!IJ Cl...dl ..b.L,:.


    xi/at t-tifaab wiyya 1-burtagaal. He
    mixed the apples with the oranges.
    (,>Ll~ ..:. _
    II .k......J>. xi/at s-smiit
    b-1-maay. He mixed the cement with
    water. 2. to be or become confused,
    mixed up.~~ _b.L.:.f !ry J-..i...l. haoeel
    toom; 'axlut beenaattum. These are
    twins; I confuse them with each other.

    .kJL_:,;. xaalat III to mix, associate with


    s.o. ~j

    ,1,~1 xtilaat (v.n. from VIII .11.:.,.:.1


    xtilat) associating, dealings (41) wiyya
    with). r-:.J-1 41J .1')b:. ':II ~ ybibb /ixtilaat wiyya 1-barim. He likes to
    associate with women.

    ~ mixtala( mixed . .1..l::J;:. ~ tacliim


    mixtala( coeducation.

    tJC

    C xlt

    Y .)-" ._,..\.j ..hl~ yxaalut

    naas

    1.
    2. confusing,

    .1;_l,;. xalt (v.n. from .k._1..:. xi/a!)

    ~ taxlii~ (v.n. from II~ xalla$)


    customs clearance, payment of duty.
    C;!~l ~ taxlii~ 1-bi{Jaayic the
    payment of duty on merchandise.

    x[c

    ~ xilac (~yxaW) see under tJG


    Cfc.

    JJt

    xlf

    J...l>. xilaf (~ yxalif) 1. to succeed,


    be the successor. JJ .....J:.:. J ..!.ill.l ..:..\...
    ..L..g....ll maat 1-malik w-xlifa wali f-cahd.
    The king died and the crown prince
    succeeded him.
    ~ xal/af II I. to have descendants,
    have offspring. J~..p.- .J j.J.) Jb.:. xal/af
    darzan yihhaal. He had a dozen

    197
    children. !..!.l..AJ,:.:. ~I ~ J,1 'a!faah
    yiJcan illi xallafk! Damn your father!
    2. to leave, leave behind. .::...L... ~
    ii ~ ii J~ r--l'l ._L.b.:. /een maat
    xal/af-ilhum ()arwa Cibiira. When he
    died, he left them a fortune.
    ~L,;. xaa/af III

    1. to issue a traffic

    violation to s.o. ~.rJIJ t_.r-- ..:-5


    ~I..> tint misric w-s-sir(i xaa/afni. I
    was speeding and the police officer
    gave me a ticket. 2. to break, violate,
    disobey. _p---]1 ~1_,; ._QjL.,.:. JJ-:!J...UI
    d-dreewi/ xaa/af gawaaniin s-seer.
    The driver violated the traffic
    regulations. .J _,;L....AJI ._QjL.,:. xaalaf
    1-gaanuun. He broke the law. ._Qjt;i 'l
    !.I.J-/i ~J Ia txaalif ragbat 'ubuuk.
    Don't go against your father's wishes.
    3. to contradict. t_ ~ ~ ._Qju;
    yxaalif nafsa b-saac. He contradicts
    himself fast. 4. to be different, differ
    from, be inconsistent, incompatible
    with. ...Jt; ~I ._Qjl..J: ..::J.:i Jll 'illi gilta
    yxaalif illi gaala. What I said is
    different from what he said. dl.;.:.
    t__,__..;:.).1 !.II~ xaalafta b-oaak 1mawouuc. I differed with him on that
    subject. J _rU ._QjL.,:. xaaliftucraf Be
    different and you will be known.
    .Jjl...A.IIJ 0-:!...UI ._QjU:, _r)-1 '-:-' _,..:;, surb
    1-xamir yxaalif d-diin w-1-gaanuun.
    Drinking wine is not in keeping with
    religion and the law. 5. to matter,
    make a difference . ._QjB; Lo ma yxaalif
    It doesn't matter. It's all right.

    ~ txal/af V 1. to lag behind, fall


    behind .
    ....A.J;i r ._r-! .IJL....,. ~
    ~~r. killahum yaw. bass huwa txallaf
    canjammacta. They all came. Only he

    .:r-

    fell behind his group. 2. to fail to


    appear, fail to show up . .:.;-s- ~
    ~I J~ txallaf can l)upuur
    1-mal)kama. He failed to appear in
    court. ~_}:..-.JI G..cl.l y ....Ali txal/af
    can 1-xidma f-caskariyya. He failed to
    appear for his military service.
    ~I xtilaf VIII 1. to differ, be
    different. .....A.l::i \oJl,-ll t.,?llo ~i Lo ma
    'abga haaoi s-sayyaara; tixtilif. I don't
    want this car; it's different. y .....A.b:-1
    xti/af can to be different from. <Sllo
    ~~ y .....A.l::i iiJl,-ll haaoi s-sayy~ara
    tixtilif can oiic. This car is different
    from that one. 2. to disagree, differ in
    opinion, argue. ~IJ .) !.I~IJ .....A...b:.i
    'axtilif wiyyaak fi raayi. I differ with
    you in my opinion. ~~~ ~ I_,Ab:-1
    .JL,a...J ~ xtilfaw ca[a bidaayat sahar
    rumpaan. They disagreed on the
    beginning of the month of Ramadan.
    ._;PJ )11 L$J.. ~ l_rA.b:-1 xtilfaw cala
    milkiyyat 1-'arp. They quarreled over
    the ownership of the land.

    ~ xaliifa p. \..Ab:. xulafa 1. caliph.


    o~ IJL>.- L.i.l.;l...l ~ ~ .::...L...

    L.#

    cugub-ma maat nabiina mul:zammad


    1-xu/afa yaw bacda. After our Prophet
    Muhammad had died, the caliphs
    came after him. 2. Khalifa (popular
    male's name).
    a'}.;;- xilaafa caliphate.

    .J~ xilaaf p. -aat 1. difference.


    <:)1~1 .) ..j"j._:,:. xi/aaf fi r-raay
    difference
    of
    opinion.
    2.
    disagreement. 3. dispute, controversy.
    4. (with suff. pron. or foil. n.) others
    (than those mentioned).
    ~
    catni xlaaffum. Give me other than

    r--+'')6:.

    I98
    these. Yd.,] J~ ....Y:i...>- ..;...A....!:. cift xlaaf
    ooo/iik? Have you seen other than
    these?
    t..Al~ mxaa/afa (v.n. from III .....AJL...,.:.

    xaa/af) p. -aat
    I. violation,
    disobeying. w_,;L.All u~ mxaalafat
    1-gaanuun breaking the law. 2. traffic
    violation. ~~ J. rJIJ (r-" ..:...5
    u~ tint misric w-s-sirti cataani
    mxaalafa. I was speeding and the
    policeman gave me a ticket.
    J~l xtilaaf (v.n. from VIII ~I
    xtilaf) p. -aat I. difference, disparity.
    2. disagreement, difference of opinion.
    <.,?1~1 l) ...j')L_;:,:.I xti/aaf fi r-raay
    difference of opinion.
    ~ mitxallif p. -iin I. underdeveloped, backward. Ub:..:il .:.~1 /iblaad 1-mitxallfa the underdeveloped
    countries. 2. retarded. & l) J.l.,:..;...
    mitxallif fi cagla. He is mentally
    retarded.
    3. one left behind. ~
    ..;.......L.dl ~ ..r--1 dJL..,.,. killahum yaw,
    bass huwa 1-mitxallif All of them
    came, but he is the one who hasn't
    shown up.

    ~ mixtilif (act. part. from VIII


    ~I xtilaf) I. different. 2. (p. -iin)
    having
    a
    different
    opm10n,
    disagreeing. U41J ~ .J--"" huwa
    mixtilif wiyyaana.
    He
    is
    m
    disagreement with us.

    ~JC xlg

    ~ xilag (~yuxlug) to create . .11


    rl......!i ~ l) '--:-i..tll J--.b:- 'a!!a xi/ag
    d-dinya fi sabcat 'ayyaam. God created
    the world in seven days. ,..r-UI Jb:. .11
    1_,......... 'a!!a xilag n-naas siwa. God

    created people equal. (prov.) ~ .i1


    ~ ~ J 'al!a yuxlug w-mul;ammad
    yibtili. God proposes and man
    disposes (lit., "God creates and
    Muhammad suffers.").
    ~I xtilag VIII to fabricate, make
    up, think up. wl.S" <L..i[ JuJ J~ Jb:-1
    ~f xtilag cuiJur w-gaal 'inna caan
    marii(J. He made up an excuse and
    said he was sick. ,y . ~~ ~ c.?~
    Y~l haaoi gi~~a xayaaliyya. man
    xtilagha. This is a fanciful story. Who
    made it up?
    ~

    xulg I. temper, nature, temperament. ~ .J L. \~I~ o41J ~ 'Y Ia


    titl;acca wiyyaa oall;iin; ma-la xu/g.
    Don't talk to him now, he is not in the
    mood; he is upset. ~ CL1 f}aaj
    xulgi. I am bored.
    2. (p. J':>l>-i
    'axlaag) character, behavior. ~j .U')l.:.i
    'axlaaga zeena. He is of a good
    character.
    ~ xilga

    p. .JL..A.L,.:. xilgaan, j{!')l>.


    xilaagiin I. piece of cloth . .!..ll ~p.-:;.1
    ~ L4J..,:. stareet-lic xilga yimiila. I
    bought you a beautiful piece of cloth.
    2. (pl. -aat)
    natural disposition,
    nature. .11 L.Al.,.:. xi/gat affa God's
    creation.
    ~ xalag p . .JL...Q1.:. xilgaan shabby,

    worn piece of cloth. fl~ ~ymiSS


    b-1-xalag. He dusts with an old piece
    of cloth.

    J _,...b-

    xaluug p. -iin polite, of good


    character, well-mannered. JL..,.,. )I .!II~
    J _,.6:. oaak r-rayyaal xaluug. That man
    is polite.
    J')Lj.-1[-xallaag God, The Creator. ~

    199

    ! J'.>l...J..I .)~ . U _,1.:-) ~ bnayya


    yimiila w-xaluuga. subl)aan 1-xa//aag!
    She is a beautiful and well-mannered
    girl. Praise the Lord!
    ~~i 'axlaagi moral, ethical. o~
    LJ')G.:.i y~\I fannasoo li-'asbaab
    'axlaagiyya. They fired him for moral
    reasons.

    J.,.__.:te

    maxluug p. ~~ maxaaliig
    creature, created being.

    Jut x!!
    J-- xa!! (coli.) vinegar.
    ~ xi!! p.

    .)"::}.._:.:.. xi!faan friend,

    acquaintance.

    J-.1"-

    xafa! defect, deficiency. J.b:~~ xa{a! miikaaniiki mechanical


    defect.
    J~ xafaa{ (coli.) unripe dates. s.
    U')G.:. x{aa{a. .r-Jb ,.!.I~ JL.1 ,j")l.:!..l

    .r-P- ~ .)~ -~~

    Lo

    ~ ~'

    1-xa{aa{, {aal cumrak, huwa t-tamir


    gabi/-ma yistawi. ykuun sayy xa{Jar.
    xa{aa{, may you live long, are hard,
    firm dates before Lhey ripen. They are
    somewhat green. ~..JI U')G.:. x{aa{at
    [-ceen I. the eye ball. 2. the pupil of
    the eye.

    JJt xlw
    ~ xa!!a II 1. to leave, allow or
    cause s.o. or s.th. to remain. ~
    ( 1_r-->J1 l) .; }:_]' xa!!a s-sayyaara fi
    1-garaaj. He left the car in the garage.
    .j:>l~i .) )~ .)~ . J _,_)I l) ~
    o...L.>.-IJ xa!!eettum fi s-suug. yibguun
    yisliruun 'agraa{J waayda. I left them
    in the marketplace. They want to buy
    .yi '1 lyl:JI .!.1...,..
    many things.

    cru

    #kk 1-baab; Ia txa!!ii maftuu/:1. Shut


    the door; don't leave it open. L. ~
    ~~ l) V" _,.JJ
    ~ ..:..t.. gabil-ma
    maat xa!!aa-lhum jluus fi /-bank.
    Before he died, he left them money in
    the bank. L,~IJ ..:.5,j. t.. o...l>IJ ..:..J>. t..
    ma
    xa!!at wal)da ma 1/:laccat
    wiyyaaha. She didn't leave anyone
    without talking to her. 2. to keep,
    retain. Ul C L:i ~I ~~ 41>- xa!!ha
    c;ndi 'i/een li/:ltaaj-i/ha. Keep it with
    me until you need it. ~ ~ ,.)>~~ xa!/i ceenak ca/a s-sina(. Keep
    your eye on the suitcases. .;..Ll~ ~
    ~I L-a. .:.r---- xaf{i baalak min
    hal-ga{Jiyya. Keep this matter in mind.
    ~ ,:,L.S::.. ..J l__,..b:. xa{{uu-la mukaan
    yammkum. Save him a place near you.
    3. to put, place. 1-f-}~ Jt 4...j. ~
    .; Jl::-)1 ~ xa!!eel xamsa galan baanziin
    fi s-sayyaara. I put five gallons of gas
    in the car. ..}>J \II ~ .!.IJL!J ~ xa{{i
    gsaarak cala 1-'ar{J. Put your things
    on the floor. 4. (with foiL imp.) a. to
    let, allow . ..U..r- (.J.r-!. 4b:. xa!!a yruu/:1
    yargid. Let him go to sleep. ~ 4b:.
    ....... J...\..1> xa!!a yilbas hduuma. Let him
    get dressed. .!.l...~.&-L__..i ~ xa!!ni
    'asaacidk. Let me help you. b. to
    cause, make. !~J-:! ..J.:.:. xa{{a ywalli!
    The hell with him! (lit. "Make him go
    away or get lost!") ~J..I..ll (.J.T- 4b:.
    t..:.il!ll xa!!a yruu/:1 d-diriisa e-eaanya.
    Have him go to the second window.
    ~f:!j ~ J J-:!_;A.l:JI ~ ~J \II L, hal'aryi/ yxa{!i 1-lalafizyoon yistagil zeen.
    This antenna makes the television
    operate well.

    r-l'

    ~i 'ax/a

    IV

    P'

    1. to vacate. 6...
    .:_jl:j li-l)kuuma
    ~~,.)~

    rj '1

    200
    gaa/at
    /aazim
    yixluum /-beet
    }Jagghum. The government said that
    they had to vacate their house. 2. to
    evacuate. ~.UI 1_,.6:-i 'axlaw 1-madiina.
    They evacuated the city.
    ~ txa!!a V (with ,y can) 1. to give

    up, abandon, relinquish. ~ o_,_1.:<l.S"')l.i JS' ~ xaffoo yitxaf!a can kill


    'amlaaka. They made him give up all
    his property. ~ o~U...L.pi ,y ~ Lo
    a..:.:.L:I-1 ma yitxaf!a can 'a$digaa'a cind
    1-}Jaaja. He doesn't abandon his
    friends at the time of need. 2. to give
    up, lay down, surrender. ~ o_,.6::?""f .:_r-S- xaffoo yitxa!!a can markiza.
    They made him give up his position.
    "->- "j._. ~ ~ J-),-1 1-jees txaf!a can
    silaa}Ja. The army laid down its
    weapons.
    'j.;;. xafa open air, country.
    ~ xilla
    p. -aat lazy, sluggish
    woman. 4.1,.:. 1~_r-11 J _,1 c..>~ o~li ._r.
    bass gaacda titgahwa tuul 1-yoom;
    xilla. She is doing nothing except
    drink coffee all day long; she is a lazy,
    sluggish woman.

    o~

    xa/wa p. -aat secluded room or


    place in a mosque for prayer and
    invocation of God.

    Jb:.
    Jb:.

    JL:o:-

    xaafi 1. empty, void.


    0\5:...
    mukaan xaafi empty place.
    ~
    botil xaafi empty bottle. 2. vacant.
    ~ beet xaafi vacant house. 3.
    free, clear, devoid (of ,y min).~
    .:.r-"..UI Jt>.l:za/iib xaafi d-dihin fat free
    milk. JWI
    xaafi !-baa! clear of

    JL>

    JL>

    mind.

    .J("

    C xmr
    _;}- xammar II 1. to rise . .:r-j .:r.:=JI ./"
    xammar f-cajiin zeen. The dough has
    risen well. 2. to let rise, leaven, raise.
    ? L... ~~I? ~j'Y laazim
    txammir 1-cajiin gabil-ma txabza. You
    have to let the dough rise before you
    bake it. ..J-:!j ~I _r::i Lo ;;.r-J-1 l?J.J.
    haaoi 1-xamiira ma txammir f-cajiin
    zeen. This yeast doesn't raise dough
    well. 3. to ferment. ~I~./" l~l
    y ~ L... 'ioa xammar ca,~iir f-cinab
    ma yinsirib. If grape juice ferments, it
    won't be drinkable. 4. to cause to
    ferment. ~I ~ 0 J ? ..,-1 ......;
    ? <~....:..o 0 ).J--"1.) fii naas yxammruun
    ca,~iir
    z_cinab w-ysawwuun minna
    xamir. There are people who ferment
    grape juice and make wine from it.

    ~ txammar V I. to rise. ~
    or.-i- L... ~ ~ ~I xa{{i f-c~jiin
    yitxammar gabil-ma txabza. Let the
    dough rise before you bake it. 2. to
    ferment, be in a state of fermentation.
    _r::i ~I J-....= ca$iir 1-cinab txammar.
    The grape juice has fermented.

    .?-

    xamir (coli.)

    wine. r~ ~'j.....~l

    ~I 1-'islaam l:zanam 1-xamir. Islam

    declared wine unlawful.

    'i.?"

    xamri

    1. rosy, reddish brown.

    '-? _? 0 _,_J loon xaxmri wine color. 2.


    (p. ;; JL._.i.. xmaara) one who belongs to
    the Khmara tribe.
    ~ xamiir kind of bread, the dough of
    which is mixed with eggs and then
    baked.

    o_# xamiira yeast.

    201

    ;li- xammaar p. -a (less common than


    j\.,.> xabbaaz) baker.

    !.JM (" C xms

    ..r-2" xammas

    II

    1. to make fivefold,

    quintuple. Lo .._;...) <..J-! .d...-J- ~


    ~~ ca(eetni xamsa. bass le~s rna
    xammasittum? You gave me five.
    Why didn't you make them fivefold?
    ~~-~~~~~! 'ioa
    txammis 1-casara (/:za.~~il xamsiin. If
    you multiply ten by five, you get fifty.
    2. to divide into five parts. \.:.:......Jr-"'LJ.. -~)~ ....o....Ji ~) \..JJ..:......:I
    xamsatna stagalna w-ha~~alna 'alf
    dirhim. xammasnaahum. The five of
    us worked and earned one thousand
    dirhams. We divided them (~ly.ul
    d-daraahim the dirhams) into five
    parts.

    ..r-2"

    xums

    p . ._,..t...?-1 xmaas one fifth.


    U'_,J....;.ll ~ xums li-fluus one fifth of
    the money. ~ xumseen two fifths.
    ._,..t...?-1 ...:,.,~ ()ala() xmaas three fifths.

    L...1- xamsa p. -aat five. ~ 1.:.5'


    Cinna xamsa. We were five. :;__.;... 1.:.5'
    Ju.;j Cinna xamsat 'anfaar. We were
    five people. ~.vi>- xamsattum the five
    of them. J ~ )~ L-..}- xamsa duulaar
    five dollars. ~ L......-"- xamsa keelu
    five kilograms. ~ ..:./._.-.?- ~~J~ .!.1-LY
    cindak daraahim xamsaat? Do you
    have five-dirham bills?
    ~ xamistacas (var. ~
    xamistacsar) fifteen. ~) ~
    miiteen w-xamistacas 215. ~
    JL.:e~ xamistacsar diinaar. fifteen
    dinars.

    ~ xamsiin

    p. -aat fifty. ~

    r---"' J~ xamsiin dirhim fifty dirhams.


    ,.......l$ .:.;:.-->- xamsiin keelu fifty
    kilograms.~...::.,~ r-"'IJ~ .!.l~ cindak
    daraahim xamsiinaat? Do you have
    fifty-dirham bills?

    ~I r.)--< yoom
    1-xamiis
    1. Thursday. ~~ r_,....,.ll
    1-yoom 1-xamiis. Today is Thursday.
    ~ J.5' kill xamiis every Thursday.
    ,_,-.J-1 J.5' killl-xamiis Thursday, all
    day long. 2. on Thursday. <r y.) J\....j
    ,_,-.J-1 tacaal (yoom) 1-xamiis. Come
    on Thursday.
    ~I 1-xamiis,

    ...r--?

    xmayyis (dim of~ xamiis)


    Khamis (male's name).

    ._,....u- xaamis (the)

    fifth. i ..t-< 1..1-'L>.


    xaamis yoom (on) the fifth day. 1..1-'l:.:.
    o.1""" xaamis marra the fifth time . .>"'
    ,_,....,.L:ll huwa 1-xaamis. He is the fifth
    one. r+--'l:.:. xaamissum The fifth
    (one) of them.

    mxammas (p.p. from II u--i'xammas) pentagonal, having five sides


    or comers.
    ~

    ~f't xms

    ._;..2- xammas

    II 1. to scratch, e.g., the


    face, the skin, etc., with nails or claws.
    ~ J ~ _,k.O.ll 1-ga(u xammas weehi.
    The cat scratched my face. 2. to
    pierce, go through. ~ ~ Jk-.1.1
    (_f.J....J.. /-mismaar xammas :jUbic yaddi.
    The nail went through my finger.

    JJ-

    xams (v.n.) 1. scratching. 2.


    piercing, going through s.th.

    J,. t

    xml
    ~1,:;- xaamil p. -iin lazy, sluggish.

    202
    J~ut xnjr

    xmm

    xamm (~ yximm) 1. to sweep.


    ~ i ~ JS i.:lL:li 1-xaadim kill
    yoom yximm 1-'ar{J. The servant
    sweeps the floor every day. 2. to
    clean. ....15" ..:-,.,)\ ..:.,..._,.?.. xammat !-beet
    killa. She cleaned the whole house.

    xanjar p. _r\.;.;.:. xanaajir (more


    common var. ~ xanyar p. ,r.L>.
    xanaayir) dagger (usually with a
    curved blade). ~~ 0~.1- U~l
    _p.-:.;liJ f ... cayyaala yurgu.~uun b-s-seef
    w-1-xanyar. Male dancers dance with
    swords and daggers.

    ..}'J ~\

    ~L..3-

    xmaam p. ~~ xamaayim (less


    common var. ;;_.;.... ximma) garbage,
    rubbish, sweepings.
    (prov.) } ...~.J~
    ~L__.?.. J)JL-u ~~ b-n-nahaar
    camaayim w-b-1-leel xamaayim. Fair
    without and foul within. (lit., "In
    daylight they are turbans, i.e., holy
    men with turbans, and at night they are
    garbage, i.e., rascals, knaves, etc.").
    !~~..UI .1........) -) iL.)..I ..:..r j...; tall min
    li-xmaam fi wist 1-madiina?! (Isn't it
    embarrassing to find) a heap of
    garbage downtown?!
    ~

    mxamma p. -aat broom.

    ~L..3-

    xammaam p. -iin, -a 1. garbage


    collector. 2. street sweeper.

    6ut xnG
    ~ xannaG II
    intercourse with s.o.

    ~ txanna() V

    to have sexual

    xanxan (~ yxanxin) to speak


    nasally, speak through the nose. 0;.l
    ~ ~ teen yit~acca yxanxin.
    When he speaks, he speaks through his
    nose.
    ~ xanxana (v.n.) nasal twang,
    nasalization.

    Jut

    to be or become

    mxannae p. ~\.s! maxaanii8,


    -iin
    1. effeminate (person).
    2.
    powerless, weak (person).

    xndr

    )..L.;,:- xandar (.JJ...:3.. yxandir) to be


    absent-minded, distracted. ! y.L.i. '1
    !~I la txandir! 'ismac! Don't be
    distracted! Listen!

    )~

    mxandir (act. part.) p. -iin


    absent-minded, distracted . .J,Lj! l.f"'-!
    l...J;,I.:l bass mxandir daayman. He is
    always absent-minded.

    !,jUJ ..1

    effeminate. ~ -) 0 ~ <..!"\.._j ~
    ~ (""+""iS' J fii naas yitxannaGuun fi
    /ibishum w-kalaamhum bacad. There
    are people who are effeminate in their
    dress and in their speech too.
    ~

    utut xnxn

    ut

    xndrs

    xandariis (col!.) dry, old


    dates, usually used as animal feed. s.

    ...,.-..!.)J.;;>:.

    -a.

    ...!: ..1 u xndg


    J..L..:.:>- xandag

    p. J.:ll.>. xanaadig 1.
    2. trench. ljLS"
    '11 0\... )I ~
    ~.lll J y--:;- J.:lL>. 0 )~ <.J"L.JI ji
    z-zamaan 1-'awwali caanaw n-naas
    y~afruun xanaadig ~ooll-madiina. In
    ditch.

    JJ

    203

    olden times, people used to dig ditches


    around the city.
    ..J~ut xnzr

    .J!?

    xanziir p . .r-JL:.:.:. xanaaziir pig,


    hog, swine. .r-;;-:>- ~ lal;zam xanziir
    pork or ham. .r-.rJ-1 ~ JS'~ yaakil
    mi0/1-xanziir. He eats like a pig.

    o.J!? xanziira p. -aat, female pig,


    sow. (prov.) U y J ;;.r-;;-:>- xanziira
    w-maxnuuga. Another black mark
    against him. (lit., "A sow and it has
    been suffocated.")

    IJ'A'U t

    xns

    xinas (~ yxanis) to shrink


    back, cower, withdraw. ~ c_ L..:o ~
    ~ o.)'-!i leen $aal:z ca[ee 'ubuu xinas.
    When his father yelled at him, he
    shrank back. _r-11 J ._r> _,k.AJI 1-gatu
    xinas tal;zt 1-meez. The cat cowered
    under the table.
    ~

    xannas II to make cower, cow.


    .U\.&.)J ....,.I.J""'"-! J~ ._r> xannas cyaa{a
    b-$raaxa w-zcaaga. He made his
    children cower with yelling and
    shouting.

    J'L:JI..I 1-xannaas name for the Devil.


    V'L..J..I u"l_,....... _,ll .:..r- 13,~ ~ _,.s-i 'acuuou
    b-l/aah min 1-wiswaas l-xannaas. God
    save me from the Devil. (lit., "I seek
    refuge in God from the Tempter, the
    Devil.").

    .J~c.Jt xrw
    ~

    xun$Ur p. r'l..:..,:. xanaa#r 1.


    little finger. ~~J ~~ 1-xun~ur
    w-1-bun~ur the little finger and the ring
    finger. 2. gold ring women wear on
    the little finger.

    c.JM ~

    ut

    xnfs

    ~ xunfus p. ~l...;.,.:. xanaa.fis l .


    dung beetle, scarab. 2. a Beatie.

    .J~ut xnfr

    _#- xunfur p. )l...;.,.:. xanaa.fir (less


    common var. ;; p xanfara) big nose.
    ~ .J-!i 'ubu xunfur nickname for a
    black slave.

    "-' UC xng
    ~xinag (~ yxanig) l. to choke to
    death, suffocate, strangle. c.:;....:..>- J-'>~1
    _,.....kAJI 1-yaahil xinag 1-ga{u. The kid
    strangled the cat. ,;; _,........J-1 :; ...:....:-- J\5"'
    ......a.:.:.:. jWI caan mayyit .fi 1-l:zijra. 1-qaaz
    xnaga. He was dead in the room. The
    gas had suffocated him. 2. to choke.
    ~ ..!,.L....JI ~ if ~ ca{Jma min
    ca{Jim s-simac xnagatni. One of the
    fishbones choked me. :; ~~~ Jl>~
    ~ ;; /'L....All t},.._.;. ~ dixxaan
    s-siyaayiir .fi bac9 sawaaric 1-gaahira
    yxanig. The smoke from cars in some
    streets in Cairo chokes people.
    ~

    xannag II intens. of

    (.~..UI J~

    6" 4

    yxannguun d-diyaay.
    choking the chickens.

    xinag.
    ':.
    si.fittum
    I saw them

    Ji~ txaanag VI to quarrel, dispute,


    pick a fight (with each other) . ...:,....i..!;.
    tJ~ 1 :; J _,A;~ J4 cift cyaa{
    yitxaanguun fi s-saaric. I saw kids
    quarreling in the street. 4....>.-l:.- ~ Lo
    V'UI 41) ~l,:.;;j mafii l)aaja titxaanag
    wiwa n-naas. There is no reason for
    you to jump down people's throats.
    ~I

    xtinag VIII 1. to choke to death,


    suffocate. ~I) .uL.- <) jS\11 ._,A..j)

    204
    wugaf 1-'akil.fi l:zalja w-xting. The food
    caught in his throat and he choked to
    death. ~~J (,)LI.I :.? (:}) r~ Lorna
    ycuum. wugac .fi 1-maay w-xtinag. He
    doesn't swim. He fell into the water
    and drowned. ~ o,.J-1 :.? ~? Jt..,.,
    ~~) ~aar l:zariij .fi 1-l:zijra l:zagga
    w-xtinag. There was a fire in his room
    and he suffocated.

    you live long, peaches do not grow


    here. t.r-->- ~~~ stireet xoox. I
    bought (some peaches). ~t~l ~cam
    1-xoox? How much are peaches?..::.
    ..;...L.:,:. y Q-y.,_; kaleet ()ala() xooxaat. I
    ate three peaches.

    '.J.J C. xwr
    .J~

    xawwar II to embroider s.th.


    y.;:, ..;,.. JY 4kt;:l-1l-xayyaata
    xawwarat nafnuuf l_caruusa. The
    seamstress embroidered the bride's
    dress.
    L J_,..JI J

    xang (v.n. from ~ xinag)


    strangulation, suffocation. ~ ..;...Lo
    maat xang. He died by strangulation.
    U,.:. xanga (n. of inst.)

    p. -aat 1.
    congestion, crowding, jam.
    2.
    madhouse, mess, crowded place. rr.JI
    u.:.,.:. J _,..-ll !~I 1-yoom 1-xamiis;
    s-suug xanga. Today is Thursday; the
    market is a madhouse.

    .)_,.:j. txawwar V to be embroidered.


    J_,..;i J _,....;.A.JI n-nafnuuf txawwar. The
    dress was embroidered.
    .JJ-::t. mxawwar (p.p.
    xawwar) embroidered.
    y

    uut xnn

    ..J.JC xwr

    J.Y"

    xannan II to perfume, scent s.o.


    ~L...:..;;.:.) JL..,b;ll I)L>.. yaw 1-xu{{aar wxannannaahum. The guests came and
    we perfumed them.

    .JW JY xoor fakkaan Khor Fakkan


    (dependency of Sharja). -s.~ J.r" xoor
    dbayy The Gulf of D~bai (which
    divides Dubai into two parts).

    elk

    xaniin (less common var. ~


    xinna) fragrance, sweet smell. (prov.)
    jL>.. J ~ ':i) ~ ':i Ia xniina wala
    bint rjaal. It's utterly useless. (lit.,
    "She is neither sweet-smelling nor of a
    good family.")

    . c.. xwx

    C..J

    xoox (coli.) peaches.

    t_;-1

    s. -a p.

    -aat. ~
    Lo
    drs- JU. taal
    cumrak, 1-xoox rna yif[ac hini. May

    xoor p. .JI_r.-->- xiiraan gulf, bay.

    ~I~~~ oJ~ J~l 1-xoor


    cibaara can gisim min 1-ba/:tar. A xoor
    is, in other words, a part ofthe sea.

    ~ txannan V to perfume oneself.


    Lo .Y .:;i txannan gabil-ma {ilac.
    He perfumed himself before he went
    out.

    t~

    from II J.r"'

    ,j,J

    xwz
    jl_:,:. xaaz (jfo yxuuz) (with ,y can) to
    keep away from, avoid s.o. or s.th.

    ~I ~ j,:;. rj':i laazim txuuz can


    s-sarr. You should keep away from
    evil. J..L.Z .JI,;,k.JI ~.r'=') ~ J
    I~!
    ~ j~ ....;, ;--k :.? 'ioa tint b-lanc
    w-(Jarabk r-tuufaan tigdar .fi (araf
    txuuz canna. If you were in a boat and
    were hit by the waves, you can avoid
    them by moving aside. !~ jy xuuz

    205

    canni! Go away! Beat it! Lo ~.)-1


    ;I..UI ;.r 0jY,: 1-l,lariim ma yxuuzin min
    d-daar. Women do not leave the
    house.

    J.Y-

    xawwaz II to take away, move


    away (usually s.th. bad or evil). 21
    ..::.-..,p)

    ~ l~l

    _rjl

    ~ j~

    'a!!a

    yxawwwiz cannak s-sarr 'ioa ~alleet w~umt. God will keep away evil from
    you if you pray and fast.

    ~~Jt xwzg
    xoozag (JjY.,yxoozig) to cheat,
    get s.o. into a bad fix, take in s.o. \...
    V"UI Jj~ ~"--.:...<<,?~I ma 'astiri
    minna; yxoozig n-naas. I won't buy
    from him; he cheats people.

    Jj~ txooxag (Jj~yitxoozag) to


    get stuck, to be taken in. .o..:... ~_r..!:-1
    ~j~ J stireetha minna w-txoozagt. I
    bought it from him and I was taken in.
    JJjl.,;;- xaazuug p. '"'~jly- xawaaziig
    post, stake, pole. J Jj'-->kal

    J-S

    .
    I,)MJC
    :.

    got the shaft, he was

    XWS

    jl_y- xoos
    ~

    ~cJMJt xwsg
    U~~ xaasuuga p. ~ly xawaasiig

    JS'i

    spoon.
    J\... l j ~ xaasuuga maal
    'akil table spoon. <,?U. JLo l j~~
    xaasuuga maal caay, ...,... ~ jL. l jr~
    xaasuuga maal kuub teaspoon.

    ~JC xw~

    vP_y- xoo~ (coli.) palm leaves. s. -a


    p. ~y- xuwa~ I. palm leaf. 2. gold
    bracelet in the form of a coil.

    Jj.J""

    xaazuug. He
    taken in.

    goodness!

    I. good, fine, excellent.

    J-_r>- xoos beet good house. J-y-

    oJ~ xoos sayyaara good car. I..G.


    J-.r>- .~ I..W.J ~ haaoa l,laggi
    w-haaoa l,laggak. x~os. This is mine
    and this is yours. Fine. ~ J-.r>xoos l,laCi. Good idea, now you're
    talking.
    2. (expresses surprise or
    scorn) my-oh-my! my goodness! J .r"
    121) J- y:- .~_rjl jl_yi sirag 'amwaal
    s-sarika. xoos walla! He stole the
    company
    funds. My-oh-my! My

    ~Jt xw9
    ~ _,.>

    xaa9 (uP~ yxuu9) to wade in


    the water. ~J ~ oJJ~I ~J
    <,?Lil cJ uP~ rifac l-kandoora l,lagga
    w-[abb yxuu9 ji 1-maay. He lifted his
    dishdash and went wading in the
    water.

    ....iJt xwf
    JL;;- xaaf (JL>.: yxaaj) to be scared,
    afraid, worried, concerned. (prov.) 'J
    Jli 'J) J ~ Ia tbuug w-la txaaf If
    you don't steal, you don't have to be
    scared (of anyone or anything). 'J
    _;, _,:;. ~ \... !CJJ \Jli Ia txaaf; ruuQ!
    ;,a .fii sirti. Don't be afraid; go! There
    isn't a policeman . ...; _,....::.i J..ui \... J~i
    'axaaf ma 'agdar 'asuufa. I am afraid I
    won't be able to see him . .:.r" JL:s;
    y~l yxaaf min li-Claab. He is afraid
    of dogs. ~ J ~ \~ JL.i 'J
    J ~ Ia txaaf ca[ee; ycarf ceef
    yit~arraf Don't worry about him; he
    knows how to conduct himself. J~
    ~0L..,;:z.. J r~ Lo !21 xaaf 'a!!a! ma
    I$UUm rum{Jaan? Fear God! Why don't
    you fast the month of Ramadan?\.>..\...

    206
    J' _,...h o..U:. L.. j\..:.:.i . .._,..; ~ l.i41J

    My maternal uncle wanted to marry


    my sister to his son.

    maya
    wiyyaana yitwannas. 'axaaf ma cinda
    jluus. He didn't come with us to have
    a good time. I'm afraid he didn't have
    money.

    J _Y"

    xawwaf II

    xoof(v.n. from

    fright. j _,..j-1
    He ran away
    xoofi ca[eec.
    you; I care for

    (form of addressing an old lady)


    madam (approx.)! .:.r.:-;; .:.r-J ,u\.::.:. L:
    Lr.:>- J) ya xaafa, ween tabiin truu}Jiin?
    Ma'am, where do you want to go?

    to scare, frighten,

    alarm. ~IJ.j ..__Lj JJ _r-b.:..r:-l ~ yxawwafn-i


    teen
    (umar w-wugaf
    jiddaami. He scared me when he
    jumped and stood in front of me. _,k.A.ll
    ~ y- J \I.J...UI if rbl-gatu (umar min
    d-draam w-xawwaftzi. The cat jumped
    out of the (garbage) can and scared
    me. r:. j f--: ~ .:r.:-J J--1) ~ yxawwafni kill is leen cifta yinzif damm.
    He scared me to death when I saw him
    bleeding. j _,;j. LJ:fi~IJ Jj'l')i ~ ha
    z-zalaazil
    w-1-baraakiin txawwif.
    These earthquakes and volcanoes are
    alarming.

    Jy

    ;tlt,;. xaa!a p. -aat 1. maternal aunt. 2.

    c..H.~ taxwiil (v.n. from II


    xawwal) authorization.

    They arrested him and put him in jail


    because he betrayed his country. 'l
    ..:L _it; 0; ~ .....J,u !a tcallma b-sayy
    tara yxuunak. Don't tell him anything
    or he will give you away. 2. to cheat,
    deceive. u_b <1..-i _,i "'--=-'.r }Jurumta
    txuuna daayman. His wife is cheating
    on him all the time.

    jL:,:.

    .:> y xawwan II 1. to consider or call


    s.o. treacherous, unfaithful, disloyal.

    ~}---"' l__. '-? ~ Jr1 ~ ~ 5"xawwanni b-sayy (uul cumri ma


    sawweeta. He made me out to be
    dishonest in something I have never
    done. 2. to mistrust, be suspicious of.

    ...Atl,_,.:. xaayif(act. part. from xaa./) p.


    -iin afraid, scared. ..,_J5J1 i f ~\..:.:. y
    huwa xaayif min c-calb. He is afraid of
    the dog. i f i ~\..:.:. xaayifycuum. He is
    afraid to swim.

    oL..:IJ 0 ~ ~I <.f'LJI 0 ~ \..J_I;,

    daayman
    yxawwin
    n-naas
    illi
    yistagluun
    wiyyaa.
    He always
    mistrusts the people who work with
    him.

    to authorize . ..:...U y- .y

    ~ JI.JJ ~I ~~ ~ ~ j man xawwalk


    twaggic cafa oeel l-'awraag? Who
    authorized you to sign these papers?
    JL,_,.:. xaa!

    p.

    Jly-i 'axwaa! maternal

    uncle. o...U J J->- ~i [)..i-:! ~


    xaa/i baga yzawwij 'ixti bagg wilda.

    JL>-

    xwn

    .JL,_,.:. xaan (0 _,>- yxuun) 1. to betray.


    d J 0\.::.:. ..:,')~ u=-JI o_,b.; J oy- j zaxoo
    w-ga((oo s-sijin linna xaan wa(ana.

    xaa./) fear,
    i f ;, _;;. sirad min l-xoof
    out of fear. ~ t)yI am concerned about
    you.

    JJt xwl
    Jy xawwal II

    WJC

    Jy

    .;r..\,;. xaayin p. 4.i y- xawana traitor.


    'l'

    WJC

    xwn

    .JI,;. xaan. See under uIt xaan.

    207

    l.jJt xwy
    4$Y

    xawi p. .Jyy xwayyaan 1.


    travelling companion. )L..; L...... 4..- .)-1
    c.? Y"" U.~.!J .J 0 i j~ \\.p- )f. 1-l:zurma
    rna tsaafir b-ruul:zl:za; laazim ykuun
    wiyyaaha xawy. A woman doesn't
    travel by herself; there has to be a
    travelling companion with her.

    '-:ll.j

    xyb

    yl....,:- xaab

    (~

    yxiib) to be lowered,
    let down, dashed. ~ ~ y\.:.:. xaab
    (Janni fiik. My opinion of you has been
    lowered. --4..1),.1 ji_;A.)I ~ J--i y\.:.:. xaab
    'amali fi 1-gazzaaz 1-yidiid. My hope
    in the new surveyor was dashed.
    ~

    xayyab II to disappoint, let


    down, dash. ~ ~i ~ xayyab
    'amali fii. He disappointed my hope
    for him.
    ~L.....:>-

    xaayib (act. part. from yl>


    xaab) p. -iin unsuccessful, failing.
    .._;~ ~ ~l> xaayib fi l:zayaata. He is
    unsuccessful in his life.

    .; I 'i

    t xyaar
    Jl...?- xyaar (coli.) cucumbers. s. -a p.
    -aat. i _,_.JI JU. .JL,J-1 li-xyaar gaali
    1-yoom. Cucumbers are expensive
    today. J_,_..JI ~ .:_,-:j .JL,>- .Y L. mafii
    xyaar zeenfi s-suug. There aren't good
    cucumbers in the market. ,:y;.J~ ..::..
    kaleet xyaarteen. I ate two cucumbers.
    ...:,;\)..,,.:. ~ .,j.i 'abi xams xyaaraat. I
    want five cucumbers.

    ..JI.j C xyr
    ~ xayyar II to let s.o. choose, to
    give a choice to s.o . .Y.:! ~ p>- ~ _rjl
    ~ J'! ~I) ~;, ~ y...._.:jl s-sarika

    xayyaratni been s-sugul fi dbayy walla


    bu (Jabi. The company gave me the
    choice between work in Dubai or Abu
    Dhabi.
    ~ txayyar V to choose, take one's
    choice . .J~ ~IJ ~ .Jl!.JI r_J) ) : _r).
    txayyar: lo truul:z s-saarja walla
    cayman. Take your choice: either you
    go to Sharja or Ajman.
    )l....;;:o:-1 xtaar VIII to choose select
    pick. .J-!.}11 ...:.> .r-->-1 xtart 1-~zyan. {
    chose the best. ~~ U. .J~I ~
    minu xtaar hal-gamii$? Who picked
    this shirt?
    ~

    xeer

    1. good thing, blessing .


    /:zi$al xeer nsaa{{a. I
    hope something good happened. I
    hope there was a good thing. u~ L.
    .r::-->- ~l rna ~i$al 'ilia xeer. Nothing bad
    happened. .1!1 .:r- ~ ....15" l..i_,. haaoa
    kif/a xeer min a!!a. All of this is a
    blessing from God. 2. wealth . .r?- ..._,;
    .iiliL..:..;i _;:-.>-

    J..a.:>-

    c+J-1 ~ .J.>..IJfii xeer

    waayidfi 1-xaliij.
    There is great wealth in the Gulf.
    ~ pi j:..i...> haoeel 'ahil xeer. These
    are wealthy people. 3. good. benefit.
    advantage. L...... . ~ ....._,; Lo jL,. J 1..l_,.
    ..l>-i ~~ haaoa rayyaal mafii xeer
    rna ysaacid 'al:zad. This is a man from
    whom no benefit can be expected. He
    doesn't help anyone . .J~ , .r?- ..._,; 1,;,l
    li~L..: ~ 'ioa fii xeer, yigdar yiji
    ysaacidna. If he is the man he thinks
    he is, he can come to help us. 4. good,
    excellent, outstanding, prosperous .
    oL::. J J .J.>.-1 J ~ li..L.o) l.i.J.;~- . .!?'" r.r-11
    op---J:-1 1-yoom xecr. bidagna w-sidna
    sima{: waayid w-waddeenaa c-cabra.
    Today
    was prosperous. We went

    208

    fishing, caught a lot of fish, and took


    them to the (fish) market. 5. charity.
    _r---J-1 J~i 'acrnal 1-xeer charitable
    deeds. _r-3-4 11 ~ fjabbal;k a!!a
    b-1-xeer. Good morning. ;;:l-4 11 .!JL..
    rnassaak
    a!!a
    b-1-xeer.
    Good
    afternoon. Good evening. 11l....:,.jl .J'?"
    xeer nsaa!!a. I hope everything's all
    right. _;;:>. L.; T .J~ rnaskuur. 'aana
    bxeer. Thanks. I am fine. 5. (p . ..:.>I?
    xeeraat) resources, treasures. ..:.>I;:->"
    .Js. U. L. li..:lJ4 xeeraat blaadna rna !aha
    cadd. The resources of our country are
    innumerable.

    1-/:taliib linna rna caan ji 8-fJallaaja.


    The milk spoiled because it wasn't in
    the refrigerator. l~l ~ Jo yl-1 l) <:>lll
    ~_,.1 o...l-o ...'; 1-rnaay ji 1-f:toor) yxiis
    'ioa tirakta rnudda tawiila. The water
    in the trough will get stagnant if you
    leave it for a long time.

    4$ ~ xayri charitable. ~.)'?'- ~


    jamciyya
    xayriyya
    charitable
    organization. ~.)'?'- J~i 'acrnaal
    xayriyya charitable deeds.

    rotten smell. Lo ~I ;; .r.--->" ~ J bl


    <.../'~ ')Jl ~ 'ioa ri/:tt cabrat s-simac
    rna tsimrn 'ilia xyaas. If you go to the
    fish market, you will smell nothing
    except rottenness.

    J~l

    xtiyaar (v.n. from VIII Jl.:;;.:.l


    choice, selection. ...:...,._.,.. _,Y
    u J~4 carrasat b-xtiyaarha. She got
    married of her own accord.
    xtaar)

    '-#J~I

    xtiyaari 1. voluntary. ~...\.;,.:.


    ~Jl::-:>-1 xidma xtiyaariyya voluntary
    service. (,;S"J~I
    tabarruc xtiyaari
    voluntary contribution. 2. optional.
    0"J~I J~l 1-/:tur)uur xtiyaari.
    Attendance is optional. 3. elective.
    ~J~I ..:ll_,..._.. mawaadd xtiyaariyya
    elective courses (of study).

    t?.

    CJj':j

    xyzn

    ~~)~

    xeezaraan (coli.) I. cane,


    rattan.
    2. cane plant. Lil)_r..:>xeezaraana p. -aat cane, stick.

    . C xys

    ijJJ ($

    xaas (? yxiis) to spoil, go bad.


    ~)'c!JI .j JUL. c.,j';) ~~ <.../'\.::,:.. xaas

    '-""t,;.

    xayyas II to cause to spoil, rot.


    ~I ~ )-1 1-f:tarr yxayyis 1-/:taliib.
    Heat spoils milk.
    (prov.) ~I
    ~ ..:.L-.-JI ~ ~\.J.-1 li-smica
    1-xaaysa txayyis s-sirnac killa. A rotten
    apple spoils the whole barrel.

    '-""~ xyaas (v.n. from <J"L,;,.:. xaas)

    xeesa (~ ftiisa is more


    common)
    I. carcass, caarrion. 2.
    rotten smell.
    xaayis (act. part. from __,..l._:,.:.
    xaas) 1. rotten, spoiled . ....,....: L.:.:. &-'
    sirnac xaayis rotten fish. 2. (p. -iin)
    dishonest, mannerless person.
    ._rJ.. L._;,;.

    ~t,;. xaaysa p. -aat whore, prostitute.

    ~':it xys
    ..f..:?- xees (coli.) canvas, sackcloth. s.
    ~

    -a p. -aat 1. piece of sackcloth.


    2. bag, sack of canvas, sackcloth (for
    keeping grains, flour, sugar or onions).
    ~4 ~I (,;> ~ ~ ni/:tin nistiri
    1-cees b-1-xeesa. We buy rice in big

    r->-

    canvas bags. !~ Jo}'dl


    xim
    1- 'arr) b-xeesa! Mop the floor with a
    piece of coarse canvas!

    209
    ~ txayyal V

    ~t xyt
    J,u- xaat (~ yxiit) 1. to sew. IJ"i
    .r-j ..;-J5' ~ 'ummi txiit killis zeen.
    My mother sews very well. 2. to
    tailor. ~ y .fll lJ> .!.l.l ..bl,.:. ,y man xaatlak ha 0-0oob? Who made this
    dishdash for you?

    xayya( II

    ..bl,.:. xaa(.

    xeet p. ..b~ xuyut I. thread,


    string.
    2. (fishing) line. ..;...L.i L:S"
    ~...UIJ ..b _,;J-~ ~ 'pW,~ Cinna
    ni,Jadig b-1-mayaadiir, yacn; b-li-xyuut
    w-d-dijiij. We were fishing with lines,
    rods, and nets. 3. necktie . .:lU .J')U
    ~ f/aan saadd xeef. So-and-so is
    wearing a necktie.
    u~ xyaata (v.n. from j,L..:,. xaat)

    sewing. u~ 3..:$'\... maakiinat xyaata


    sewing machine.

    a,~ xayyaa(a p. -aat seamstress.

    1.1{,j r; xyl
    ~ txayyal V to imagine. -......A.i J;i
    txayyal nafsa l)aakim. He
    imagined being a ruler.

    rSL>-

    J~ x~yaa/ I. imagination. t"''J J~


    xayaa/ waasic vivid imagination. 2.
    shadow. .W~ .:.r-" J~ yxaaf min
    xayaala. He is afraid of his own
    shadow.

    '(Jflt

    xayal (v.n. from j-:"" xiyil) = ~


    xijil. See under J [ t xjl.

    rJ(jt

    xyl

    J.:"' xeel horses.

    s . .Jl..a>- l)saan horse.

    J~ xayyaal p. -a horseman, rider.


    41~ xayyaala cavalry. 4lt,>. ~
    xayyaala mounted police.

    sir(a

    . xym

    f''i r;

    xayyam II 1. to pitch a tent, set up


    camp. ~~ v\J ~ ~ J 1.:.:...-!S'
    kisatna w-xayyamna fi raas 1-xeema.
    We had a picnic and set up camp in
    Ras Al-Khaima. 2. to settle (said of
    the night). J.=lll r:>- xayyam /-lee/.
    Night settled. It was night.
    ~ xeema p. ~~ xyaam tent. )~\

    ~l....;J.-I .J J .f-~ 1-badu yiskinuun fi


    li-xiyaam. Bedouins live in tents. v\J
    ~~ raas 1-xeema Ras Al-Khaima
    (one of the U.A.E. emirates).
    ~

    xyl

    ~ xiyil (~ yxayil) =

    J,~ xayyaat p. -iin tailor.

    \- I

    I. to cover, veil
    oneself. o.r. ~ Lo ~ .::,.4i ;.,. )-1
    1-I,Jurma txayyalat gabil-ma f[acat
    barra. The woman veiled herself
    before she went out. 2. to be or feel
    e~barras~ed .. : ("""";.:l ._tj~ ~ L...
    '-A>- ,r.-1 V' saalim yut/ubni b-'a/f
    dirhim. 'atxayya/ 'asiir l)agga. I owe
    Salim one thousand dirhams. I am
    embarrassed to go to him.

    J.---> xijil

    (~yxajil). SeeunderJ[txJI.

    mxayyam p. -aat campground,


    ~.
    .".1 1---.3-_.
    camp. ...,;:--
    ~.mxayyam 1aaf'iin
    refugee camp.

    J
    ~~I J daabb

    ~~J dbb

    y.) dabb (y~ ydibb) to fall down


    and hit the ground with a thud. ~
    ~y..) ~I sinhu lli dabb? What is the
    thing that fell down with a thud?

    yl.) daabb

    p. Jy..) diibaan snake.


    (prov.) j)-1 .y _A yi..UI ......as- .y man
    ca{)9a d-daab yangiz min 1-/:zabil. Once
    bitten twice shy. (lit., "He who has
    been bitten by a snake fears a rope.")

    p. y~..)l dbaab bear. y-lll


    ~~~ d-dubb 1-'a.~gar Little Bear,
    Ursa Minor. __p--S'~I y..LII d-dubb
    1-'akbar Great Bear, Ursa Major.

    y.) dubb

    ~.J C I J daal:zws

    daabuus p . ....,-:>"1).,) dawaal:ziis


    small reddish snake.

    '-"'yl.)

    uc.j ~..; I J

    ~.)

    dabba p. -aat
    common) car trunk.

    daarsyn

    ~ Jl.)

    daarsiin (coil.) cinnamon.<.?\...:;.


    ~ )b caay daarsiin. tea flavored with
    cinnamon.
    ~IJ

    JIJ

    y~.)

    dabbaab p. -aat (~ butbuta


    is less common) motorcycle.
    ~~.)

    dabbaaba p. yiJ..) dawaabb I.


    animal, beast.
    2. riding animal
    (donkey, mule, horse).

    daas

    '-"''.) daas or J"b or.?- yiziirat daas.


    Das Island (in Abu Dhabi).
    daas

    . .

    uJuJ

    (coli.) lentils. s. -a p. -aat Jb "-ur


    suurbat daa1. lentil soup.

    c.j I J daay
    ~1.) daaya pl. -aat
    I. midwife. 2.
    female servant. 3. wet nurse.

    luJ

    ~~.) dabdaba (v.n.) I. motorcycle


    noise. 2. sound ofheavy footsteps.

    daan
    1)1.) daan (coli.) I. cannonballs. 2.
    bombs. s. -a pl. -aat I. cannonball.
    2. large pearl.

    dbaa

    L!.) diba

    I. Deba (dependency of
    Sharja). 2. (coli.) locusts. s. ~.,) dibaa.

    dbdb

    Y.L!.) dabdab (y~~ ydabdib) I. to


    make noise like a motorcycle. 2. to
    tap, tread heavily.

    Jl.) daal I. name of the letter d..), 2.

    uI J

    ( santa is less

    ..;~ J

    dbr
    dabbar II I. to manage, handle,
    arrange. oJ~ .:.LJ r..,)i J...ui 'agdar
    'adabbir-1ak sayyaara. I can manage
    to get a car for you . .j ~ J ..r..,) y.
    6.5"' _,---:JI huwa dabbar-li sugu1 fi
    s-sarika. He arranged a job for me
    with the company. u ..r.~ J~ L.. ma
    yigdar ydabbir-ha. He cannot handle
    it.
    2. to contrive, devise, work at
    _;-J..)

    211

    r-S'l..J..'.:..r--

    ~ w~ ~'Jr..)
    dabbaraw xitta yitxalla~uunfiiha min
    1-J:zaakim. They worked out a plan for
    getting rid of the ruler.
    ~ ddabbar V
    to be arranged,
    ..:...r-!JJ ~~ 1-kasta
    managed.
    ddabbarat. The picnic was arranged.
    ..r-!J;J ~IJ '-"'_,....lill li-jluus raayl:za
    tiddabbar. The money will come
    through.

    _J:--J.-N tadbiir (v.n.) 1. organization,


    planning, preparation. J_r.......... ft-!JJ
    tadbiir manzili. home economics. 2.
    (p. ft-!IJJ tadaabiir) measure, step,
    move. o_r---!. {j .;..J....:$. L.. . fi-l.;.; J .;.J-"
    sawwii-li tadbiir. ma c;ndi ta'siira.
    Show me a way out. I don't have a
    visa.

    mdabbar (p.p.) well-organized.


    ..L-..::1-1 , _r-~.M ~ J-S kill sayy
    mdabbar, 1-!:zamdu li-llaah. Everything
    .(!.J..o

    is well-organized, thank God.

    I.JM ~ oJ dbs
    ~~

    dibs (coli.)
    date molasses.
    (prov.) ~I _r.b .y ...r...UI J_,k.; JJ.Z L.
    ma tigdar ttuul d-dibs min tiiz n-nims.
    You cannot gather grapes from thorns.
    (lit., "You cannot get molasses from
    the anus of a weasel.")
    JM~ oJ dbS
    ,_f.-.J.~

    dabas (coli.) animals, such as


    sheep, goats, cows and donkeys. s.
    ~.) dabsa. (used figuratively) stupid,
    dull-witted person.
    (prov.) Lo wl..S'
    J-.!.) .y .!...L _}; ~~ ..L;...... !.!..~..:.&- caan ma
    c;ndak sanad 'igba9 jluusak min
    dabaS. You have no proof. Where's

    your proof? (lit., "If you don't have


    legal papers, collect your money from
    animals."). ~.) J ~..r- J ~1) o..J....:$.
    ~ r.; J.)l G J cinda 'araa(Ji w-l:zariim
    w-dabas w-ma dri s-bacad. He has
    land, women, cattle, and I don't know
    what else.

    t ~..I dbg
    ~~

    dibag

    (~-4

    yidbag) to tan s.th.


    yistiruunjluud
    w-yidbaguunha. They buy hides and
    tan them.
    4~-4J

    U.l!~

    .)_,..1.:-

    WJ~

    dbaaga (v.n.) tanning, tanner's

    trade.

    t_ l!~ dabbaag

    p. -a, -iin tanner.

    ~.J..o madbaga
    tannery .

    p. ~IJ..o madaabig

    t_J-!.I..o madbuug (p.p. from!:::!.) dibag)


    tanned. ~.J!.M .) _,b.- jluud madbuugiin
    tanned hides.

    J I.:' oJ

    db!

    ~~ dabbal

    II to double s.th . ..J ..:..-4.)


    C:W' dabbalt-la 1-mablag. I doubled the
    amount of money for him.
    j...!~ dabal double.

    j-1.) C:-W-' ~

    cateeta 1-mablag dabal. I gave him


    double the amount of money.

    t".JJ ~ oJ dblwm

    r.r-4~

    dibloom p. -aat diploma or


    certificate
    (awarded
    after
    the
    completion of two years at a training
    or a commercial college).

    IJM t" ,J J ~ oJ dblwms


    I,F""Lo~~ diblomaasi I. diplomatic. 2.
    (p. -yiin) diplomat.

    212
    ~Lo _,.4.) diblomaasiyya diplomacy.

    'i 'i "':""'

    dbyy

    .r..)

    dbayy (less common var. dubayy)


    1. the Emirate ofDubai. 2. Dubai (the
    capital city).

    dace
    packing.
    r
    dvv
    &&"' cc
    !,\,)

    J;o:-.) daja/ (v.n.)


    JL-.-.) dajjaal

    trickery, deceit.
    p. -iin

    impostor,

    swindler.

    YJ~-' dj/
    a...b:-.)

    dijla or a.k..) _;ti nahar dijla the


    Tigris River.

    ~'i~"' djyj
    ~.)

    dijiij 1. net used for trapping


    fishing net. ~L-....JI ~
    <:7""...U~ ..!..L.c-' 0 J~ bac(J s-simaamiic
    y$iiduun simac b-d-dijiij. Some
    fishermen catch fish with nets. 2.
    (adj.) thin, skinny. Seeunder~~"'
    dgg.
    \
    dvv
    Ci Ci"' cc
    fish,

    !\.) dace (!.l-4 ydicc) to fill, stuff, pack.


    C G.-.) ~ !.I.) dace batna diyaay. He
    filled his stomach with chicken. !.I.)
    ~~ l) .:J-1~ ~) dace 'arbac
    banaatliin ji s-santa. He stuffed four
    pairs of pants into the suitcase.

    filling,

    [..) dace (v.n.) losing one's way,


    getting lost.

    [. ~.) dijaaj. See under lj lj "' dyy.

    dajjal II (with ~ cafa) to


    swindle, cheat.~ j>---4 i.l,. 'JY- .J>.
    ...1...>-IJ JS xa!!a ywalli, haaoa ydajjil
    cafa kill waaf:tid. Don't listen to him;
    he cheats everyone.

    stuffing,

    [.,)dace (r:_-4ydicc) to lose one's way,


    to get lost. pll l) c.) dace fi /-barr. He
    got lost in the desert.

    ~~"' djj

    'J~-' djl
    J-:o:-.)

    (v.n.)

    .J .:J

    t -'

    dxtr

    yo)

    daxtar p. }\.;.;..) daxaatir, o;~>-.)


    daxaatra (less common var. .J_r:;>-.)
    daxtoor) doctor (medical doctor and
    Ph.D.). f. o.Jy-:.>-.) daxtoora p. -aat.
    ~ rL....;i j'Y Jw J J---"'"...u1 ~ ~
    ~I kisaf ca[ayya d-daxtaar wgaa/ laazim 'anaamfi 1-mustasfa. The
    doctor examined me and said that I
    had to be hospitalized.

    Jt-'

    dxl

    ~.) dixal (.r-4 yadxul) 1. to enter,

    go in. (._}.) dass is more common). \...


    !.I~ .Jl...S" ...,.A..~\ 0'1 .r.)i . ::.. .J..I.i ma
    gidarl
    'adxul li'an 1-baab caan
    ma$kuuk. I couldn't enter because the
    door was locked. c_,...:;i- ...,...WI ,J->.)1
    'udxul, 1-baab maftuuf:t. Come in, the
    door is open. _~-..UI ~ .r-4 .J~ ...~.:>-\...
    .:r.:--J-1~ mal:t/:tad yidgar yudxul ca[a
    1-mudiir oalf:tiin. No one can go in to
    (see) the director now. J->--4 ~WI
    ~I 1-baayig yadxul s-sijin. A thief
    will be imprisoned. J->--4 ~ ~~
    ~ 'illi ycallix yadxul jahannam. He
    who lies will go to hell. a....J5" J->.)
    ~I.J)I dixal kulliyyat z-ziraaca. He
    entered the college of agriculture.
    ~}-1 ~~ J-->-.) dixal l-kulliyya

    213

    1-}:larbiyya. He enlisted in the military


    college.
    2. (with ~ cata) to
    consummate a marriage, cohabit, sleep
    with one's wife (for the first time).
    u )I ~ ~ Jf' ~ .._,...r-11 j>-.) dixal
    1-micris cata caruusta cugb z-zaffa.
    The bridegroom slept with his bride
    after the wedding ceremony. 3. to be
    included. ~~ ~ j-.>--lJ L... ~.r'all
    {J-{Jariiba ma tadxul fi s-sicir. Tax is
    not included in the price. ~ 41r-JI
    .ro-JI ~ j>--lJ [-cumuula /:laggi tadxul fi
    s-sicir. My commission is included in
    the price.

    J.;o-.) daxxa/ II I. to make or let enter,


    bring in, let in s.o. or s.th. y'-:)1 ~
    ~.) J fita}:l 1-baab w-daxxalni. He
    opened the door and let me in. ~.)
    u" ' II daxxalni 1-mustaifa.. He
    placed me in the hospital. J Ju
    ~ -L>-i j-.>--lJ 'i ,J-..:J...;;:)I gal-li
    t-tindeel, "Ia ddaxxil'a}:lad catayya. "
    The supervisor said to me, "Don't let
    anyone go in to see me." ..!.L.-A.; j>-.) 'i
    JS"L..-!.11 L....o. ~ Ia daxxi/ nqfsak fi
    hal-masaaki/1 Don't drag yourself into
    these problems! J->..u '.i ,j Ju
    <d~ ~ ..!,l.......... gal-li, "Ia ddaxil
    nafsak b-kill sayy!" He said to me,
    "Don't meddle in everything!" 2. to
    insert, include, enter. ~~ ~ ..r-1)1 j>-.)
    daxxal 1-waayir fi /-peep. He inserted
    the wire in the pipe. ~ 6...JJ-I 1_,1,.:..) L.
    yL__.J..I ma daxxalaw 1-xidma ji
    li-/:lsaab. They did not include service
    in the bill. ~ ~~ W t) ~~ 1_,1,.:..)
    daxxalaw 'isma ji liistat 1-masbuuhiin.
    They entered his name on the list of
    the suspects.

    ~.u tadaxxal
    V (common var.
    ddaxxal)
    I. to interfere, meddle,
    involve oneself. 6......\,-ll ~ j>--lJi L. l.i'i
    'aana ma 'addaxxal ji s-siyaasa. I
    don't involve myself in politics. 'i
    !J J_;....!.! J-..>-..l:j Ia tiddaxxal b-su'uuni!
    Don't interfere in my affairs! ;J. _r.ll
    ..:..4l>.::i'il ~ ..:,..1..:.-lJ s-sirta ddaxxalat fi
    1-'intixaabaat. The police rigged the
    elections. 2. to be inserted, put in,
    entered. ~I ~ J>-lJ r.l)l/-waayir
    ddaxxal fi /-peep. The wire was
    inserted in the pipe.

    J.;o-.)

    daxil I. income. J>..UI ~_,...;.


    {Jariibat d-daxil income tax. ~ Lo
    ~ J>.) ~_,...;. ma fii {Jariibat daxil
    hini. There is no income tax here. 2.
    interference, intervention. ~ j>-.) L.
    ~I U. ma Iii daxil fi hal-ga{Jiyya. I
    have nothing to do with this matter.
    j..>-- L:.,. )I ..;....>- <,? ..i..o. ~ ..!..lb:-.) _,.:;. ..::...i i 'inti
    su daxlic? haaoi }:lagg r-rayaayiil.
    What's this got to do with you? (It's
    none of your business). This is men's
    business.

    L,l,:.,) dax/a (n. of

    inst.) p. -aat
    consummation. L...b:...UI LJ,l lee/at
    d-dax:la the wedding night.

    H-.)

    daxiil (in certain expressions)


    'i '~.) daxiilak, Ia
    twajjic raasi. Please don't give me a
    headache. ~ 'i '~.) daxiilak, Ia
    ttigni. Plea~e don't hit me. 11 ~.)
    ~..LAJI U. 6..:-1~ Jt..../~1 ._;.) daxiil a{{a lees
    1-'ascaar gaa/ya hal-gadd? For the
    love of God, why are prices so high?

    I,>""IJ ~ _;

    J_,...,:-.) duxuul (v.n. from dixal) entry,


    entrance,
    admittance,
    admission.
    !..\\..;.. ())-IJ ~ Jy-..UI d-duxuul minni

    214

    1-bagg. They fumigated the building


    so that the mosquitoes would die. 2.
    to smoke, emit smoke. ol}.,....... ..._,;
    t)_,_.;jl L? ...L.;.,.\) Lr""J.j fii sayyaaraat
    ddaxxin waayid ji s-sawaaric. There
    are cars that give off a lot of smoke in
    the streets.

    w-1-xuruuj minnaak. Entrance is from


    here and exit is from there. t_,..;.l
    ! J _r-->-..lll mamnuuc d-duxuul! Don't
    enter! (lit., "Entry is forbidden.")
    Jy:-:. o.?..i; tao karat duxuul admission
    ticket. o_~-L...hll J_r-->-:. U~ bitaagat
    duxuul t-taayra airplane boarding
    pass. ~ Y- ~ "J'l J_,->-..ll~ ..:11 ~i L.
    ma 'asma~1-lak b-d-duxuul 'ilia baed
    yoomeen. I will not permit you to enter
    except after two days. J .)-""..lll .r-"
    r--'"J:. .:.1-_,---::.s- sicr d-duxuul cisriin
    dirhim. The admission fee is twenty
    dirhams.
    madxal

    J--:>-..Lo

    p.

    dxaan l. smoke, fumes. (prov.)


    _,s'L. maaku dxaan bala
    ('Jaww. Where there is smoke there is
    fire. (lit., "There is no smoke without
    fire."). (prov.) J\.,.:.:. .......,,.f. ::. y- J5' kill
    cuud b-raasa dxaan.
    No one is
    perfect. (lit., "Every stick has smoke in
    its upper part."). 2. (more common
    var. Jl>:. duxaan) Dukhan, city in
    Qatar, famous for its port on the Gulf
    of Bahrain.
    IJL_:,;.;)

    ~ ~ Jl>:.

    j-,.:-1-L.o madaaxil

    entrance.
    J-:"-1;) daaxil

    1. (prep.) inside. J-'-1::.

    ;; _,..;=LI daaxil 1-bijra inside the room.

    ~JJ tadxiin (v.n. from II .:..r>:>


    daxxan) smoking (tobacco). ~..(:]1
    ty-:.1 t-tadxiin mamnuuc. Smoking is
    forbidden.

    2. (adv.) inside. J-'-1::. C IJ raab daaxil.


    He went inside.
    ~I;)

    daaxili internal, interior, inside.

    ~I:. J.r'i 'umuur daaxiliyya internal

    affairs. ~I:. o~l~l 9tiraabaat


    daaxi/iyya internal disturbances. i )..u.
    :;_);.:.1::. hduum daaxiliyya underwear,
    underclothes. ~I..UI ;; )j) wazaarat
    d-dacc<:iliyya the ministry of internal
    affairs, ministry of the interior.~ J-L.o
    ~I:. madrasa daaxiliyya boarding
    school. ~I:. ~ gisim daaxili (of a
    school) boarding section, dormitory.
    ~U.ll .j:>l..,---'11 -..,.-..1 (ibb 1-'amraa('J
    (diseases)
    internal
    d-daaxiliyya
    medicine.

    wt

    J dxn
    ~;) daxxan II
    I. to fumigate, fume
    s.th. ~~ u~j-.->-"J' oJL......ll 1_,...:>-::.
    daxxanaw fi-cmaara
    lajil ymuut

    ~..Lo

    mdaxxin (act. part. from II.:.;>-::.


    daxxan) p. -iin smoker. ~..UI ' .r'
    markaz li-mdaxxniin the smokers'
    corner or shop.
    ~

    1.; J draam
    ~IJ;)

    draam p. -aat I. barrel. ...:....:j iiJ:.


    draam zeet oil barrel. 2. (garbage)
    can. \IJ..LJI L) ~ gitta ji d-draam.
    Throw it away in the garbage can.
    '-:'.; J

    drb
    Y J;) darrab

    II to train, coach, drill.


    4.._$JUI ~ r-tu:> darrabhum cata
    l-mulaakama. He trained them in
    boxing. oiJL,.\.1 ~ 6LJI o_? ~) y J:.
    darrab fariig kurat s-salla gab!

    215

    1-mubaaraa.
    He
    coached
    the
    basketball team before the game.
    C')L.JI JL....:........i ~ ~_,.J,-1 YJ~ ~L,;..li

    (i-(iaabit darrab li-jnuud cala sticmaal


    s-silaal}. The officer drilled the
    soldiers in the use of weapons.
    Y JJ..J tadarrab V to be trained,
    drilled. ~~ ~ ~J~ J ~..r"i -.::....>- J
    ribt
    'amriika
    w-tadarrabt cala
    t-tcafiib. I went to America and was
    trained in canning. y J~ L. '-"'JJ.ll I~
    ~J...l.:.il ~ haaoa l-mudarris rna
    tadarrab caza t-tadriis. The teacher
    was not trained to teach. IJ'!J~ L. J-~
    ~ _,....J:-1 ~~ '--:!IJ haoeel rna tadarrabaw
    wiyya baagi li-jnuud. Those did not
    drill with the rest of the soldiers.
    Y J~ darb p. y JJ~ druub 1. street,
    road. ~~) y J..LII !.II~ .:.r" -.::....>- J ribt
    min oaak d-darb w-dasseet. I took that
    road and got lost. (prov.) ) ...... l..r" J5'
    J--.o) y J..LII ~ kill man saar cafa
    d-darb wu~al. Where there is a will
    there is a way. (lit., "He who treads the
    (proper) path will arrive (at his
    destination."). (prov.) y J:. ~L. L,
    ~ ~ 'l J-l )I ya maasi darb
    z-zalag Ia Ieeman teef:ttak. Don't stand
    in harm's way. (lit., "If you are on a
    slippery road, don't guarantee you
    won't fall down."). 2. way, route.
    ~ ..!.L..u~ C u; J l.f ~
    mumkin
    tistirii-li tiffaai} b-darbak? Will you
    buy me apples on your way? ~
    'F'J:. J _,..;.i xa{{ni 'acuuf darbi. Let me
    concentrate on what I am doing.

    Y J~ tadriib (v.n. from II y J:. darrab)


    practice, drill, training. ,--:U~ :?"..r"
    .:;:.-WI markaz tadriib 1-muca/limiin

    the teacher training center. "':--:!J~


    l.f _f--s. tadriib caskari military
    training. ~J~ oJJ~ dawra tadriibiyya
    training course. ~J~ oJ)~ <) ...::.....>- J
    ribt ji dawra tadriibiyya
    ,J..~
    sahreen. I went for a two-month
    training course.
    y J..l.A mudarrib p. -iin trainer, coach.

    J l.j ~..) J

    drbyl

    J-=U~ darbiil

    p.

    ~~J~ diraabiil

    binoculars.
    [..JJ drj

    [.J.u tadarraj II to advance gradually.


    ~ J--:..l;.j' JL..o .:...:Jl ~ )1 <) (.J..G
    ~~I tadarraj ji 1-wa(iiifa 'ileen ~aar
    tindeel cala 1-kuuliya. He advanced
    gradually in his job until he became a
    supervisor over the coolies.
    [.JJ.::...ol stadrclj X to coax, tempt, lure.

    J _,.J~ J ~~ .:...:Jl ..:;.,. J..~..:.........l stadrajta


    'ileen ctiraf b-1-boog. I coaxed him
    until he confessed the theft.
    C,J~

    daraj (more common var. daray)


    steps, stairs, staircase. J-:)> (.J:. ~
    '.$,.,.....~I .JI_,....:...JI ..!.L.;~ Y- fii daray taw iii
    ywaddiik d-diiwaan 1-'amiiri. There is
    a long flight of stairs that leads you to
    the Emiri palace.
    ~ J~ draja (more common var. ~.u:.
    draya) 1. step, stair. 2. (p. -aat)
    degree. o}_,..J-1 ......,.,. J~ drajat 1-baraara
    the temperature. 3. degree, extent.
    o~ . . . ,.,. J~ Jl ~.? kariim 'ila darclja
    baciida generous to an extreme degree.
    4. class. JJi ......,.,. J~ daraja 'uula first
    class. 4>-l:..-- ......,.,. J:. daraja siyaabiyya
    tourist class. JJ~I ......,.,.J...UI .:.;--- t"j.._.;;.,

    216

    callaax min d-daraja 1-'uu/a firstclass liar. 5. grade, mark (in school).
    CU. ~ .J~ ~ J...-..=- l;za$$al bass
    darajat najaal;z. He obtained only a
    passing grade.
    darraaj (coli.)
    game birds
    resembling the sand grouse.

    t.'.J.!I

    ~)..L-A madaarij
    (airfield) runway. o..r-Lbll (..J..\..o madraj
    {-{aayra the (airplane) runway.

    t_)..L...o madraj p.

    ~)J.::ll...! b-t-tadriij gradually, step-bystep. by degrees. ~ ~~L...::i)ll 4.1\.;ll


    ~.J..l:l~
    1-l;zaala 1-'igli$aadiyya
    titl;zassan b-t-tadriij. The economic
    situtation is getting better gradually.

    daarij prevalent, common,


    popular. L....>.- )..UI Jl....!.. ey, 1-'am()aal
    the common, widespread
    d-daarja
    proverbs. ;;._;.,. )..UI :wJ.ll 1-luga d-daarja
    the colloquial language.
    t_.JI.!I

    t_)..l.....o mudarraj (p.p.) amphitheater.

    ~L... J) (_YLlll-mudarraj r-ruumaani

    the Roman amphitheater.

    )J.!I ).!~ darduur (p. unknown)


    pool, eddy.

    whirl-

    drr
    ).!~ darr {yJ--!. ydirr)
    1. to give milk
    abundantly, be productive. :Ul.JI ..::..> .J~
    darrat n-naaga. The female camel
    gave a lot of milk. 2. to be abundant,

    plentiful. ~

    ..::..> .J~

    .:r..J Lr"

    ~.J~I L...

    cJ" _,_.l.AJI rna dri min ween darrat

    caleehum !i-jluus. I don't know from


    where the money showered on them.
    ).!~

    durr (coli.)

    j.; oJ drz
    J.J.!I darraz (~ xayya{ II is less
    common) to sew. ,:r..j ....;.JS' j.J..L.j .vi

    'umma ddarriz ki/lis zeen. His mother


    sews very well. ~ .J Jjy.L-:! ~~
    ..J:.:-il.::..-5"~) ~ p ~ 'illi ydarrzuun
    hini
    muc(Jamhum
    hnuud
    wbaakistaaniyyiin. Most of those who
    sew here are Indians and Pakistanis.
    ~~.J~
    j.J~ ~i 'ummi darrazat-li
    darraaca.
    My mother made a
    (woman's) dress for me.

    J . : .,

    f.i J.J.!I darzi p. -iyya tailor.


    uj.; oJ drzn
    IJ J.J.!I darzan p . .J ji.J~ daraazin dozen.

    Cl_cij .Jj.J~ ~~I stireet darzan


    tif.faal;z. I bought a dozen apples . .J ~
    ..; j.J..U~ JL_Qjpll ybUCuun 1-burtagaal
    b-d-darzan. They sell oranges by the
    dozen.

    IJM.J oJ drs

    ._r).!I diras (<.f.J~ yidris) to study.


    ~.JL.;) ~ ~1 ..:.-.,.... .J~ dirast 'ingiliizi

    ..; oJ..; oJ drdr

    ..;..; oJ

    -a p. -aat.

    1. pearls. 2. gems. s.

    w-taariix. I studied English and


    history. ~ ~ ~ L.,!IJ 1.:.._.. .J~
    dirasna wiyya baca(J xams sniin. We
    studied together for five years . ..:..-.. .J~
    r-j)l J->" r-_}j ..::.,.......UJ ~I dirast
    1-ga(Jiyya w-gaddamt tagriir bagg
    1-waziir. I studied the case and
    submitted a report to the minister.

    ._r).!I darras II

    to teach, instruct.

    ~ ~~ )~ J ..:.-.,.... .J~ darrast fi


    daar 1-mucallimiin santeen. I taught at
    the men's teacher training college for
    two years. ~ ~1 ~ .J~ darrasni

    217

    'ingiliizi. He taught me English.

    (worn at home).

    ,_r.)~ dars p.

    tJ...I...t mudarrac armored. ~J..v o}-:-""


    sayyaara mudarraca armored car.
    ~J..v ..:..l_,_:t guwwaat mudarraca
    armed forces.

    J' JJ.:~

    duruus. 1. lesson,
    chapter (of a textbook). .:.r-_,.....;..s. J'J:~
    ~.}> dars cisriin tawiil. Lesson
    Twenty is long. 2. class, class period.
    rH 1 l! J')J:~ a....___jo. Li..L:&- c;ndana
    xamsat duruusfi 1-yoom. We have five
    class periods a day. 3. lesson (from
    experience). ~i oL...;i L.. J'J:~ ~
    racallamt dars ma 'ansaa 'abad. I
    learned a lesson I will never forget.

    d.; J drk

    !lJ~ i 'adrak IV to realize, understand,


    become aware of s.th. 0lS .Wl .!.1 J.:~i
    ~I

    'adrak 'inna caan 1-mix{i. He


    realized that he was at fault.

    !lJI.U tadaarak VI to take care of,


    takes steps to prevent (s.th. from
    happening), make amends . ._jU)1 .!.1 )...G
    tadaarak 1-mawgif. He took charge of
    the situation. ..:... p--5' L.. ~ -..JLll .!.1 )...G
    tadaarak 1-mas'ala gabil-ma kbarat.
    He took charge of the matter before it
    got worse.

    a..... I.)~ diraasa

    1. (v.n. from J'J:~ diras)


    study, studying. l) ~jl!ll es--IJ.:~ ~

    ~~ L-.. J.lll kamm~1t diraasti


    0-0aanawiyya fi 1-madrasa 1-1ayliyya.
    I completed my secondary education
    at the night school. 2. (p. aat) study,
    investigation. t._,_..;:.)1 L.....IJ.:~ ~
    )L....i ..:... J} cugub diraasat 1-maw(juuc
    garrart 'asaafir. After investigating
    the problem, I decided to travel.
    ~~J~
    4----IJ.:~

    diraasi academic, scholastic.

    a.:...... sana diraasiyya academic

    year.
    L.,.,J.l.t madrasa p. J' )...L< madaaris

    school. L....-.. J.lll l) .J-'& huwa fi


    1-madrasa. He is at school. L J..v
    ~ ~ madrasa f:zukuumiyya public
    school.
    ~JJJ tadriis (v.n. from II
    darras) teaching.

    ,_r.)~ mudarris

    J'J.:~

    p. -iin teacher,

    instructor.

    t,.J J

    drc
    t..J~ diric p. t.JJ.:~ druuc

    1. shield. 2.

    armor, suit of armor.


    4.s-IJ~

    darraaca p. -aat woman's dress

    !liJ~l

    'idraak (v.n. from IV .!.1 J.:~i


    'adrak) realization, understanding.

    I..)M

    'i tJ u.J J
    ~ .)~

    drnfys

    darnafiis p. -aat screwdriver.

    f> '>.; J drhm


    ~ .)~

    dirhim p. ~IJ.:~ daraahim. 1.


    dirham (unit of money in the U.A.E. =
    100 fils). r-"' J.:~ ~ .J ..;......i.:~ difact-la
    xamsiin dirhim. I paid him fifty
    dirhams.
    2. (p. ~IJ.:~ daraahim)
    money.
    ~.!..\
    o.\J:~ ~J ween
    daraahmak? Where is your money?

    .,j I ,J .J J drwaaz

    ojiJJ~ dirwaaza p. -aat, r-JIJ.:~


    diraawiiz doorway, gate. _r=Ajl o)JJ.:~
    dirwaazat 1-ga.~ir the castle gate.
    0-:!~1 o)JJ.:~ dirwaazat 1-baf:zreen =
    0-:!~1 ~ly. bawwaabat 1-ba/:zreen the

    218

    gentle courtesy, to flatter. rJ o.::..-5


    ~ 4$)L......W. -~:!)b) ~Jb cint fi
    daarhum w-daareeta. s-asawwi bacad
    was at their home and I was
    courteous to him. What else could I
    have done?
    ..H 4$;~1 L.
    w J)~J w ~ ~ _,ll rna dri 1eef
    fannas. kil/1-muwa{J{Jajiin y~ibbuunna
    w-ydaaruuna. I don't know why he
    has resigned. All the employees like
    him and are courteous to him.

    Bahrain Doorway.

    ..;;. t.j.J.J ~ dnt-y.f


    .rJ..J.JJ darwii.f p. .fiJ';~ diraawiis 1.
    dervish {member of a Muslim sect that
    professes poverty and self-denial).
    Sufi. 2. poor person. 4$.;.;,_ ~)J~
    darwiis sindi poor person from the
    province of Sind (of West Pakistan).

    J.--.5' .,_;,. . ;:,

    W J.JJ darwasa act of behaving like a


    dervish.

    ..SJ.WI ndira VII

    to be known. L.
    ;l...P ~~ ~ 1.5 J~ ma yindara su lli
    $Oar. What has happened cannot be

    t.j.J Ill dry


    (4$;~ yidri) I. to know. L..
    L.. ~ 4$;~' rna dri lees maya
    wiyyaana. I don't know why he hasn't
    come with us.~ L.. JL:.,. )' Lt. Y4$;.;.;

    ..S.)J

    Li4'-'

    dira
    L:.,.

    tidri? ha-r-rayyaa1 rna yic_jibni. You


    know what? I don't like this man. L..
    rJ> .:.r-J 4$;~1 rna 'adri ween huwa. I
    don't know where he is. 4
    4$;~\L..
    .r-Ut j~i rna dri ceef'abaddil t-taayir.
    I don't know how to change the tire.
    .?~ ~ 4$L.,. .....;t ~J~ direet 'inna
    yaay '"ugub haaCir. I knew that he was
    coming the day after tomorrow. 2. to
    find out. (prov.) ~ J\5"" .r-S- 4$;~ _,l
    ~J~ lo yidri '"meer caan sagg Oooba.
    Ignorance is bliss. (lit., ''IfOmayr had
    found out. he would have ripped his
    clothes.") ~ _,J ~~ ~J~ direel
    h-tarfii'"ak lo hacad? Have you heard
    of your promotion yet?

    ..s )J

    darra II to inform, let s.o. know,


    .
    l <:. ~ ~
    acquamt
    s.o. o f s. th . ~ ~
    .J
    darreeta b-ki/1 SOY.)'. I have told him
    everything. Yj';J.....!, s-darraani? Who
    would have told me? I don't know.

    ..sJIJ

    daara III to treat with flattery or

    .p

    known . .?~ ~') r~'


    1.5;~ l,.. rna
    yindara yiyi 1-yoom walla baacir. It is
    not known if he's coming today or
    tomorrow.

    oJI..I...A

    m(u)daaraa (v.n. from III lS)~


    daara) care, attention.
    ..SJ.)i 'adra (elat.) I. (with ,:.,-- min)

    more knowledgeable, more informed


    than. ~ 1.5 ;~i ~ huwa 'adra mink.
    He is more knowledgeable than you
    are.
    2. (with foil. n.) the most
    knowledgeable, the most informed .
    ...~.>-IJ lS;~i ~ huwa 'adra waa~id. He
    is the most knowledgeable one.
    ljM

    'i .J 111

    drys

    ~).)

    drees p. -aat militaryy uniform.

    ~JJ.J

    tadarras V
    uniform .

    dM 'i .J -.a

    to wear a military

    drys

    ~J.) diriisa

    p. J--,!1;~ diraayis
    window. ;L.- y _,...... I_,.J.I !~;..UI ~~
    'ifta~ d-diriisa! 1-hawa muub ~aarr.
    Open the window! The weather is not

    219
    schemer, plotter.

    hot.

    J f.j..) .J

    ~~

    dry/

    ..H.J~

    dreel p. -aat I. (oil) drill. 2. oil

    ng.

    t,I.)AJ .J

    J .J f.j..) .J

    or a car), chauffeur. (J<L.... saayig, Jly


    sawwaag are less common). y..:.;.i t.;T
    L..~i ~~ ~ J.J-:!J~ 'aana 'astagil
    dreewil f:zagg sarikat 'adma. I am now
    working as a driver for the ADMA
    (Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Ltd.)
    company.

    dzz
    dazz (j~ ydizz) to send. (._}_,..1
    tarras is more common). See under
    ~.; .b trS.

    oj~

    dazza clothes and jewelry sent to


    a bride before the wedding night.
    I.)AJ .J

    dstwr

    )~~

    dastuur p.
    stitution (pol.).

    I.)AJ I.)AJ .J

    disac (l:""'-4 yidsac) to ruminate.

    c---'..U ~I

    ._:.., Lil_,.)-1 .:_r- ~I) J-)._,_)1

    1-bacaariin
    w-1-ganam
    min
    1-f:zayawaanaat illi tidsac. Camels,
    sheep, and goats are among the
    animals that ruminate.
    ~~~
    ~~

    daasac III to belch, burp.


    dasca (v.n. from

    c----~

    disac or

    l:""'b daasac) (animal) rumination.


    ~ .J~ .J dSds

    j~

    ..) .J u

    dsc

    C::-'~

    drywl

    Jy..)~ dreewil p. -iyya driver (of a taxi

    .J
    ..)..)

    dasiisa p. ~L..~ dasaayis


    scheme, intrigue, plot .

    ftl....~

    dasaatiir con-

    d~

    dass (v~ ydiss) 1. to slip, shove,


    insert s.th. (into). o~ l) v _,_.l.i!l v~
    dass li-jiluus ji maxbaa. He slipped
    the money into his pocket. 2. to hide,
    conceal s.th. 4-- ;; ~I l) v }AJI ..:......,...~
    dassat li-fluus ji ~-~urra f:zaggaha. She
    hid the money in her bundle of
    clothes.
    3.
    to
    administer
    surreptitiously. <.fUI l) ~I .J ..:......,...~
    4..1.} J.>-- 'j dassat-la s-samm ji c-caay
    lajil tmawwta. She slipped him the
    poison in the tea to kill him.
    dassaas p. -iin

    disdaasa p . ._;.~L:.~ dasaadiis


    (o J).J.....S kandoora or ~ ~ ()oob are

    more common) men's outer garment,


    dress (usually white in the summer
    and dark in the winter), the standard
    dress for children and adults .
    ~~ ..\ dss
    ~~

    dss

    dL.,.,~

    UI..L.:;,~

    intriguer,

    dass (._}...\.: ydiss) I. to enter, go in.


    .!.\ ~ JIS' ~wl J~ ._;.~i ..:..> ).Jj L. ma
    gidart
    'adiss li'an l-baab caan
    ma~kuuk. I couldn't enter because the
    door was locked . .!.\~~WI !._;.~
    diss! l-baab mafkuuk. Enter! The door
    is unlocked. r-..UI ~ ._}...\.: J~ ...G-L.
    ~~~ mal:zf:zad yigdar ydiss cafa
    l-mudiir oalf:ziin. No one can go in to
    (see) the director now. ._}~ J<WI
    ~~ l-baayig ydiss s-sijin. A thief

    & Jll

    will be imprisoned. ~ ..}...\.:


    'illi ycallix ydiss jahannam. He who
    lies will go to hell. ~)-1 ~~ ..;~
    dass l-kulliyya 1-f:zarbiyya. He enlisted
    in the military college. 2. to report for

    220
    duty, go to work . ..;...... ~WI rl)l._;..)i
    C ~~ 'adiss z-zaam s-saaca sill

    $-$abaa/J. I report for duty at six in the


    morning. 3. (with Js- cafa) to drop in
    on s.o. ~ ._}.) o~ tawwa dass
    cafeena. He has just dropped in on us.

    J_,.;s.~ dacfJuur
    1. ( y; /' carguub is
    more common) 2. (p. ~\s..) dicaa8iir)
    sand hill, dune.

    U"'

    tJ

    ~~ die as (._rS-~ yidcas) I. to knock

    down, run over . ..:.,.L..J ..:...,_.s.,) o}'!'.....JI


    s-sayyaara dicsata w-maat. The car
    ran over him and he died. 2. to tread
    underfoot, trample down. Js- ~Jj 'Y
    ~~ Ia tide as cafa 1-xubiz.
    /Jaraam. Don't tread on the bread. It's
    unlawful. You musn't do that.

    .;.~

    dass (v.n.) entry, entering. ._;...UI


    !\L._:.... C-'~'J ~ d-dass minni
    w-1-xuruuj minnaak. Entrance is from
    here and exit is from there.

    r'.r-"" .

    4....-!o~

    dassa p. -aat (n. of inst.)


    (preceded by r.J-!. yoom as in :W...lll ry..
    yoom d-dassa) the first day ofpearl
    diving.

    ~.U\

    r'.rl'

    j-S-JJ tdacfJar (_;s-~ yitdac()ar) 1. to


    fall down. .}->-JJJ l.?'l...li .hi \/! ~ \...
    ma cifta 'ilia na(! jiddaami w-ddacfJar.
    No sooner had I seen him, than he fell
    down. 2. to get oneself into a messs,
    get into trouble, become entangled.
    ~~ _;s-JJ ddac()ar b-1-muskila. He
    himself entangled with the
    got
    problem.

    VII

    to be run over.

    s-seekal ndicas w-riila tcawwarat. The


    cyclist was run over and his leg was
    injured.

    p-~

    ~i.r-l'
    ~.) Lo ..J ..::.J; ~ .J-..L;:)'
    dac()artani wiyya 1-tindee/. lees gil-/a
    rna dasseet z-zaam 1-yoom? You got
    me into a bad fix with the supervisor.
    Why did you tell him I did not go to
    work today?

    ndicas

    ..:.,. J~ <L..b,. JJ ._rS-..UI ~~ if''J raa<i

    .;~t J dc()r

    dac()ar (_;s-~ ydac()ir) I. to cause


    s.o. to fall down. ~ .j ;...>-.) J ~.)
    ..}> J ~\ difacni w-dac()arni ca[a 1-'ar{J.
    He pushed me and knocked me down
    on the ground. 2. to get s.o. into a bad
    fix, involve, entangle s.o. ~- oJ_}s-.)
    dac()aroo b-muski/a. They got him
    involved with a problem. L,l_, ,:i_}s-.)

    des

    ~~

    dacs (v.n. from ._rS-.) dicas) I.


    running over (pedestrians). ..;.d,..,~..UI IJawaadi() d-dacs pedestrian
    accidents. 2. treading s.th. underfoot,
    trampling down.

    (jJtJ

    defy

    ~~ dca[ay
    hedgehog.
    ~t J

    p.

    ~.) dca[iyya

    dcm
    ~~

    dicam (~~ yidcam) I. to run


    into, collide with. ~\... .:.JU ~I
    L..; ,.,kJI ~.) J [-cam~y caan maasi
    w-dicam t-toofa. The blind man was
    walking and ran into the wall. r.$ J}l\
    t.r-"" .:.Jl.S" -._j\J ~.) 1-/oori dicamni
    linna caan misric. The truck ran into
    me (i.e., into my car) because it was
    speeding. ..;JL,.-... ~.) 6.i J~
    sayyaarta d;cmat sayyaarti. His car
    collided with my car. 2. to hit s.o. (in

    221
    car accident). ~~ ~IJ ~~
    C.\.1) dicamt raaci s-seekal
    w-(aab cala 1- 'ar{J. I hit the cyclist and
    he fell down (to the ground).
    a

    ._?J ':;1 ~

    ~l.lJ

    tdaacam VI 1. to collide, run


    into each other. I~I.J.j 81},:---"
    sayyaaraartna ddaacmaw. Our cars
    collided.
    ~.UI

    ndicam VII to be run into, be


    hit. J _,_]I ..h.....) cJ ~..li I ndicam ji wi.)(
    s-suug. He was hit (in a car accident)
    in the middle of the marketplace.
    wl.r-" 0~ ..;Jl.:---- ~..lil ndicmat
    sayyaarta fJalaa() marraat. His car has
    been in three collisions.
    ~~

    dacma p.
    collision.

    -aat car accident,

    ~~~

    daacim (act. part. from ~~


    dicam) p. -iin having run into s.o. or
    y. huwa lli daacimni.
    s.th. ~b
    He is the one who ran into me.

    Jll

    ~J.o
    ~~~

    madcamiyya (less common var.


    daccaamiyya) p. -aat bumper

    (auto).

    (j

    tJ

    dey
    ~~

    die a ( ~~ yidci) 1. to invite.


    L:..JI ~ ~~ daceettum cafa f_casa.
    I invited them to dinner.
    2. to
    summon, call for s.o., send for s.o.

    ~\ ~~ J ~i j..=':J ~~ ~\
    l-mal;kama dacatni lajil 'ashadji oiic
    l-ga(Jiyya. The court summoned me to
    testify in that case. 3. to pray. ~~i
    J_,...._...,JI J ~ ~ 'adcii-lak b-tuul
    f-cumur. I wish you a long life. ~~i
    CWl; .:.U 'adcii-lak b-n-najaab. I pray
    for your success. o )\.; ~ ~~ dicat

    cafee b-1-moot. She prayed for his


    death.
    ~~I

    ddica VIII 1. to claim, allege,


    maintain. ......lpi ..._:, _rU .:1-;1 ~.J.j J---)
    ~ ~ J led tiddaci 'innak tcarf 'a.) Ia
    w-ja.)la? Why do you claim that you
    know his origin and lineage? 2. (with
    ~ cafa) to start, initiate (legal
    action). ~I cJ ~ ~~\) C.'J raaf:t
    w-ddica calayya ji 1-maf:tkama. He
    went and filed suit against me in court.
    -..f'...L-:......11 stadca X 1. to apply, submit

    an application. ~..1.1)1 J>- ~..!.;;....,\) C.'J


    J----a>- J raaf:t w-stadca f:tagg
    l-baladiyya w-f:ta.).)al jluus. He went
    and applied to the municipality, and
    got some money. 2. to recall. ~..l.;;.....l
    J..W J \.j ~ d... _,.s::..,ll stadcat li-f:tkuuma
    safiirna fi landan. The government
    summoned our ambassador in London.
    3. to summon, call in, send for s.o.

    U'~

    ~\

    Jl Wlli

    _r-j) ~~\ ~U.I

    l-f:taakim
    1-ga.)ir.
    minister
    call for,

    stadca waziir l-maaliyya 'ila


    The ruler summoned the
    of finance to the palace. 4. to
    request, necessitate. cP )1 1...P:.
    ;;~~ ol,.l..r-"'"l ~~ hal-wa{Jic
    yistadci
    'ijraa'aat sadiida. This
    situation calls for strict measures.

    oy~

    dacwa

    p. -aat l. matter, case,

    affair. ~ J~ o.r~ . . .,. . ., t.,?h haaoi bass


    dacwat dirhimeen. This is only a
    matter of two dirhams. oy~ ~
    ~~14-! lak dacwa b-hal-ga(Jiyya?
    Do you have anything to do with this
    matter? Is this matter any concern of

    yours? ~I t..? ~ <Ll.>. . ~ o.r~


    L.
    o~ ma-li dacwa fii. xa!!a ysawwi lli

    yibgaa. He's no concern of mine. Let

    222

    .H

    him do whatever he wants .


    oy-.u
    ~~I L...A y\J:. s-dacwa lees gaa/ya
    hal-ki()ir?
    How come it's so
    expensive? ~ _r...A.:l-1 l) .r.p-::11 U. oy-..u
    s-dacwa ha-t-tiburbur fi 1-/:tafiiz? Why
    all this gibberish in the office? oy-.u
    ~J-..L:.::ll .!J.;lS' L:,.l&- ~ J-W. s-dacwa
    saayil
    xasmak
    ca[eena
    Cinnak
    t-tindeel? Why are you looking down
    on us as if you were the supervisor?
    ~.:li~ ...L>L. o_y.U s-dacwa ma/:tbad
    ysuufak? What's up? We don't see
    you anymore. 2. invitation. \..;] ..:..l>.~/\II pA-ll i f oy-:. jat lana dacwa
    ;,in s-safiir 1-'amriiki. We had an
    invitation
    from
    the
    American
    ambassador. 3. r..S _y:. dacwa (p. <.,? J\.s..:.
    dacaawi)
    lawsuit,
    case,
    legal
    proceedings. ~ll) ~ r..>y:. c}J
    rifac dacwa cafayyafi 1-ma/:tkama. He
    filed a lawsuit against me in court.
    ~~

    duca (no recorded p.) prayer,


    invocation (of God), supplication.
    ~~~ dicaaya p. -aat l. propaganda.
    2. promotion, advertising.
    .,s-1~

    daaci (act. part. from ,f-:> dica)


    1. (p. -iin) having invited s.o . .J-"'
    ~I ~ ~1..1..11 huwa d-daaciina cala
    t-casa. He is the one who invited us to
    dinner. 2. (p. o\.s..;;, ducaa) proponent,
    propagandist. 3. (p. <.,? J\.s..:. dacaawi)
    reason, cause, motive. ...!,.L.....')lS' .:.r-o
    o~.iJ ~I:. 'i J ~ -.::-.j.,r min
    kalaamak ciraft (alabak wala daaci
    li-oikra. From what you said, I knew
    your request and there is no need for
    mentioning it.

    ~t., dgs
    JJ~ digas (...;-s.~ yidgas)
    ~~

    oL.:..o

    <.,? ~

    l. to cheat.
    'i Ia tistiri minna.

    yidgask. Don't buy from him. He will


    cheat you. ~~ ~:. digasni
    b-s-sicr. He cheated me on the price.
    2. to insinuate, imply.~ ._;..i;~ r..s;
    tara yidgas b-/:tacya. Well, he makes
    insinuations in his speech.
    J-.S-~ dagas (v.n.)

    1. deception,
    cheating, swindle . ...J-S-:. v'>lS' kalaama
    dagaS. His words are deceptive.
    ~e.., dg$
    ~~ dug$ (less common var. ._ri;-:.
    dugs) p . .:.>~:. dug$aan dolphin.
    ..J~J

    _,

    dftr

    j.J~ daftar p. ;u:. dafaatir notebook,


    copybook. JL.,.JIJ L... J..UI ~ .?~
    ~ <.,?J:.I L.J :a...".>UJ

    ;u:.

    .J~baai':ir

    tifta/:1 1-madrasa w-li-cyaa{ yibguun


    dafaatir w-g{aama w-ma dri s-bacad.
    Tomorrow the school will open and
    the children need notebooks, pencils,
    and I don't know what else.

    t.J.t djc
    t-!~ difac (~~ yidfac)
    ,.,~ 1.

    '-' .J-!""' l5""

    ..rll....;..(j
    I...

    r--"' J:. ~ _,.,1..

    l. to pay. l::.l

    '-'..:..,....,.,....:...,.;.,

    ~ J ::t

    ..

    "? ~

    - .

    'iiJ 'ioa bageet tistiri beet

    laazim tidfac 'agall sayy malyoon


    walla malyooneen dirhim. If you want
    to buy a house, you have to pay at
    least one or two million dirhams.
    ~~:.I ) I l L J->- ~..(j cam tidfac /:tagg
    haaoa r-raadu? How much would you
    pay for this radio? }kll ~.r" ~..(j j'i
    laazim tidfac {Jariibat 1-ma(aar. You
    have to pay the airport tax. 2. to offer

    r5'

    223
    (to pay). L.. ~ r-"' J:. ~i .U ~:.
    ~41
    difact-la 'alfeen dirhim
    laakin rna baacani-yyaaha. I offered
    him two thousand dirhams but he
    didn't sell it to me. 3. to push the
    door. ! ~ . yL,ll ~~ 'J Ia tidjac 1baab. sil)ba! Don't push the door. Pull
    it! .jJ~ ~-4 ..L...>-IJ ~ bageet
    waal)id yidjac sayyaarti. I wanted
    someone to push my car. '-'"JJ-' J _,_ll

    ndifac waayid leen taka/lam can


    1-muslimiin ji 1-boosna. He got worked
    up when he talked about the Muslims
    in Bosnia.

    ~ .J~-4 ._,.LJIJ ~..T J J,>--L>.-J

    dajca (n. of inst.) p. -aat 1.


    payment. ~I ..:;>- ~:.
    calayya
    dajcifeen l)agg /-bank. I have to make
    two payments to the bank. o...~.>-IJ W:.
    dajca wal)da one payment, full
    payment. 2. push, shove, thrust. 3.
    group, bunch. :.~ W:. dafcat jnuud
    group of soldiers, shipment of troups.

    .rL.;

    s-suug matruus rayaayiil w-l)ariim


    w-n-naas yidjacuun baca(J. The
    marketplace is full of men and women,
    and people push each other aside.
    t-!~ daffac II to shove, push. c!~ 'J

    ,J-J.....J L...:..l5" Ia ddaffic. killana ndiSS.


    Don't shove! We'll all get in.
    t-!1~ daajac III 1. to offer resistance,

    oppose. ~b ._r...:,.J,.I 1-jees daajac. The


    army offered resistance. 2. (with .y
    can) to defend. ~..UI ~ ~b ._r...:,.J,.I
    l-jees daajac can 1-madiina. The army
    defended the city. ~ ~b ifV.I
    li-ml)aami daajac canni. The attorney
    defended me.
    t-!I..U tdaajac VI to push each other.
    .Jl.S..UI ~ ~ 1_,_..;1~ u"UI n-naas

    ddaajcaw leen fita/:1 d-dikkaan. The


    people pushed each other when the
    store opened.
    t-!..UI ndifac VII 1. to be paid. ~I
    .s.....l5' ~...Lil 1-mablag ndifac killa. The

    sum of money was paid in full. 2. to


    be pushed. ~ . J J..L:....a.ll ~ ~~ \... rna
    yindafac ha-$-$anduug. fJagiil. The
    box canot be pushed. It's heavy. 3. to
    be carried away, to get worked up.
    6.:... r.JI l) ~I rf ~ .P.) -l>.-IJ ~...Lil

    e:J~ dajic (v.n. from ~:. difac)

    1.
    paying, act of paying. ~U. o.l....,.:.!
    _?L..; ~..UIJ 'ixoa hal/:liin w-d-dajic
    baatir. Take it now and pay for it
    tomorrow. 2. pushing, shoving.
    L.d~

    Js-

    ~J..o madjac p. ~I...L.o madaajic cannon,

    gun. ,_;.L:;. J
    machine gun.

    ~...L.o

    madjac rassaas

    ~J..o madjaciyya artillery.

    t u~

    difaac 1. defense. t u..UI )j)


    wazaarat d-difaac the ministry of
    defense. ml)aami d-difaac the defense
    attorney. 2. back (soccer).

    t-!IJ..o mdaafic p. -iin defender (of s.o .

    or s.th).
    ~~oJ dff

    -h daff p. ..._; _}:. dfouftambourine.


    u~ daffa p. -aat women's cloak-like
    wrap (usually black), women's aba.

    u~ oJ dfn
    ~~ difan (.}-4 yadjin) I. to bury . .:.r
    u~)

    ..:.....,.ll

    -!.11 ('}....., 'il l)

    j..<U~I

    J}> ~ min l- 'afoal ji l- 'islaam 'innak


    tgasil l-mayyit w-tadjina cala tuul. In

    224
    Islam, it's better to wash a dead person
    and bury him right away. ~~ ~~
    o~I J. ~I c-calb difan [_ca{Jma
    tal:zat li-syara. The dog buried the
    2. to hide,
    bone under the tree.
    conceal, keep s.th. secret. 0:1 ._illl ~~
    ~L..!ll ..:..LAlli difan 1-mala.ff been
    1-mala.ffaat 0-0aanyiin. He concealed
    the folder among the other folders.
    ~ W. _,1>- L..) ~~ l_,....:h difnaw
    1-ga{Jiyya w-ma xa!!ooha ti(lac. They
    kept the problem secret and did not let
    it leak out.
    ~.UI ndifan

    VII

    to be buried.

    41

    u---i .:r-J...UI 1-mayyit ndifan 'ams. The


    dead person was buried yesterday.
    ~~ dafin (v.n. from~~ difan) burial,

    burying. ~ _,....; ~~ J:i 41 ~gas/


    1-mayyit gabil dafna far{}. Washing a
    dead person before burying him is
    required (in Islam).
    ~J.o madfan p. ~l...l.o madaafin burial
    ground, burying place, cemetery (o pA.o
    maqbara is more common).

    IJ~J.o madfuun (p.p. from~~ difan)


    buried. ~ 0 _,....;...~..o yS ~ fii kanz
    madfuun hini. There is a buried
    treasure here.

    (,j ~ J d.fy
    ~~~ daafi warm. ~b (,)Lo maay daafi
    warm water.

    ~J~J dgdg
    J.W~ dagdag ( J...\....J-l,! ydagdig) to

    knock, rap, bang (with ~ ca1a on,


    e.g., the door). ~ ~ . . .,.A~I
    J...U~
    ~I dagdag ca[a 1-baab fi nu~~ 1-1eel.
    He knocked on the door at midnight.

    J&-

    UI.U~

    digdaaga Digdaga (city in Ras


    Al-Khaima, U.A.E, known for its
    fertile land).
    ~~J dgg
    J~ dagg ( J~ ydugg)

    1. to ring. J~

    0 _,..Al.:ll dagg t-talafoon. The telephone

    rang. 0 _,...........il u ~~ daggeet-la


    talafoon. I telephoned him. ,:r ._,.UI
    0 ~I 0 _,.......;~ n-naas hini ydugguun
    1-haran. People here sound the horns
    of their cars. 2. to beat (e.g., the
    drums). ~4\11 ~ J~l 0_,..i~ ._,.UI
    ~IJ..r--JI ..:...~) n-naas ydugguun
    fi
    /- 'acyaad
    w-l:zaflaat
    li-tbuul
    z-zawaaj. People beat the drums at
    festivals and wedding ceremonies. J.:.
    !....QL dugg self! Start the car!
    JJ~ daggag

    II to examine closely,
    examine exactly. Ji~ -,1: 1::!1J ...,.......~I
    ..:...~L___,l...l li-m/:zaasib raayi/:z yiyi
    ydaggig li-l:zsaabaat. The accountant is
    coming to check the accounts. L. ~
    Y _,....j:i.;JI ..;.....:;..u rj'J ~~ gabil-ma
    tistirii laazim ddaggig n-na{Jir fii.
    Before you buy it, you have to
    examine it closely.
    J.wl ndagg

    VII

    1. to be rung. J..Lil

    y y l U"..r""" ndagg jiras 1-baab. The

    door bell was rung. 2. to be beaten.


    ~I ~ Jr.J=JI ..:..J...ul ndaggat li-tbuulfi
    [.. cud. The drums were beaten during
    the feast. 3. to be struck or hit. J..Lil
    (,)' ~ J~ ndagg dagg gawi. He was
    beaten hard.
    J~ dagg (v.n. from J~ dagg) l.
    ringing. 2. beating (the drums). 3.
    banging, rapping. 4. striking, beating.
    5. (adv.) fast, quickly, right away.

    225
    ._5.:l ~ l_r>-IJJ I.,...U. {facaw w-raaQaW
    ca[ee dagg. They left and went right
    away to him.
    6. (in certain
    expressions with
    J wugac). ~
    ._5.:l Y
    JJ gba{Ja w-wugac fii dagg.
    He grabbed him and beat the hell out
    of him. ._5.:l ......_,IJ...U'-1
    J wugac
    b-d-diraasa dagg. He really studied
    hard. ._5.:l J-5'~1 l) Y- yoogac fi 1-'akil
    dagg. He really digs into food.

    e:J

    e:J

    e:--J

    c3

    digiig I. (coli.) flour. 2. (adj. p.


    -iin) thin, skinny (more common var.
    dijiij) ~.) J ~_,k _r--1b huwa {awiil
    w-dijiij. He is tall and skinny. ~.:l
    ~ ~ dijiij caks mitiin. Skinny is
    the opposite of fat.
    J-;i:J

    ;; e):J digiiga p. ~l.j.) digaayig

    I.

    minute. ~U.:l ~ '::11 ~ ~L.JI


    s-saaca ()inteen 'ilia xams digaayig.
    It's five minutes to two. 2. a very
    short while. !~.:l 'fr-P ~abir, digiiga!
    Just a minute! Wait a minute!

    UJ.o mdagga p. -aat 1. pounder,


    pestle. J..:,.chl U..~..o mdaggat !-heel the
    cardamom pounder. 2.(door) knocker .
    ...,. .>l-~1 U...L.o mdaggat 1-baab the door
    knocker.
    tadgiig (v.n. from II._;.;~ daggag)
    act of examining closely or exactly .
    ..:.>'-!LJ-1 ~.J.j tadgiig li-f:zsaabaat the
    checking of accounts.
    ,J::iJJ

    J-i.l.o mdaggig (act. part. from II ._;!.:l


    daggag)
    1. having checked or
    examined (e.g., accounts). ~..~.,. o~
    yLJ..I tawwa mdaggig li-l:zsaab. He
    has just checked the account. 2. (p.
    -iin) account examiner or checker.

    J-l.l.o

    mdaggag (p.p.

    from II ~.)

    daggag) having been checked or


    examined. ~..~.,. yL..-:ll li-Qsaab
    mdaggag. The account has been
    checked.

    'J~.,

    dg!

    digi/ p. Jli.:ll dgaal mast of a ship.


    .:l ~I ji...UI d-digi! [-cood the mainmast
    of a ship.
    jJ:J

    YJ~ _, dgf
    4....LS":J dug/a p. J5'.) duga! jubba (long
    outer garment of a holy man).
    ,.~ _, dgm

    ~:J daggam II

    to button. fi.r-ll ~.:l

    ~~I .)J~ 1~1 \~L.. daggim s-sweetar

    maalak; 1-hawa baarid 1-yoom. Button


    up your sweater. It's cold today.
    ~JJ tdaggam V to button up oneself.

    c?- '::1 ~ ~.J.j ddaggam gab il-Ia


    tuxruj barra. Button up before you go
    outside.
    ;;.r.

    W:J digma p. ~.:l digam. I. button.


    ..:;.jlr.JI ..;_,_... ,y ~.)c.?~ J...lZ tigdar
    tistiri digam min suug 1-bazzaaziin.
    You can buy buttons at the cloth
    market. 2. button, pushbutton. W.:l
    --=-::lll digmat f-leet the light switch.

    .J.J ~ ~ _, dktwr

    J.r :J

    daktoor (J->-.:l daxtar, J_r:;.:>-.:l


    daxtoor are more common) p. ;IS".)
    dakaatir, ;;;w.:l dakaatra {Jl...>..:l
    daxaatir is more common) doctor,
    physician and Ph.D. ~/ ..:.-.....ii

    _r........>-...UI [)J

    .:r----- J

    'inta marii{J
    w-m~axxan. ruul:z d-daxtar. You are
    sick and running a temperature. Go see
    the doctor.

    226

    ol;_,.~ daktooraa Ph.D. oiJp.) o.)~

    cannot judge a book by its cover. (lit.


    "Not every ball-shaped thing is a
    walnut.").

    sahaadat daktooraa Ph.D. degree.


    6 ~~ ..t dkkn

    ul...S' ~ dikkaan (diccaan is more

    ~J .l

    I!.U~ dilak (..!.l!~ yudluk) to rub. ~.)

    common) p. ~l.S'.) dikaakiin shop,


    store. .:.>l5"...UI c/IJ raaci d-diccaan the
    shopkeeper. t.S _,!>. .:.>l5".) diccaan l:zalwa
    sweets, pastry shop.

    t_ I J ..t

    ~ ..:...6:. J ~ J dlakat weehha


    w-xa!!at ca[ee puudra. She rubbed her
    face and put powder on it.

    oJ.)J-l

    cl.J~ dallak II

    to massage. oL.:.o?
    ~ u ..:..-...S:J.) l:zurumta dallakat-la
    {Jhara. His wife massaged his back for
    him.

    dlaag

    t_ ":J ~ dlaag p. -aat 1. pair of socks. 2.


    pair of stockings. 3. pair of gloves or
    mittens.

    tJ ..t

    dlk

    !l":J~ dallaak, ..!..U...v mdallik p.

    dlx

    t~i 'ad/ax (c~ yidlix) to be or


    become turbid, muddy. C..l.....,! ~~
    ~~ .) ..::..lr 1-bal:zar yidlix marraatfi
    s-sita. The sea sometimes becomes
    turbid in the winter.

    t ~ dalix turbid, muddy.


    ~~J ..t dlgm
    ~~ dalgam (~~ ydalgim) to make
    s.th. round or ball-shaped . .J _,_..A]~
    J _,_.JI ......:, ).) y.. ':} j,i ..!,.l..:; .) ~ #) _r:jl

    ydalgimuun t-tamir w-yl:zuf{uuna fi


    tanak gabil-la ywadduuna s-suug.
    They stack dates and put them in tin
    cans before they take them to the
    market. ~~ J _,-.A)~ ydalgimuun
    f-cee. They heap rice.
    Loll~ dalgama (v.n.) I. act of making

    things round or ball-shaped. 2. (p.


    dalaagim) bite, morsel, mouthful.
    ~...l.o mdalgam heaped, ball-shaped.

    JS

    (prov.) jy. ~...v


    y .r muub kill
    mdalgam jooz. Don't judge people or
    things by their appearance. You

    -iin

    masseur.

    J J .l

    dll

    J~ dall (J~ ydill) I. (with~ cafa) to


    show, demonstrate, point out s.th.
    \;-~_.:.6.ll ~ ~.J.j' ~
    mumkin
    tadillani cata !-(ariig? Will you please
    show me the way? Js- J~ L. .cli
    ._,r. (,?i 'illi gilta ma ydill ca[a 'ayya
    sayy. What you have just said doesn't
    show anything. "-!l>- J ~ J~ ~v'YS'
    oJ...L.....p
    kalaama ydill ca[a ral:zaabat
    ,mdra. His words demonstrate his
    open-mindedness.
    2. to prove. I~
    'Y= ~I .j.s- J~ haaoa ydill ca[a 'inna
    callaax. This proves that he is a liar.

    Jll

    JJ~ dallal II 1. (with ~ cala) to


    auction off s.th. ~ j.J~ J':i...UI Jl5"
    L:!u}JI caan d-dallaa[ ydallil ca[a
    1-kirfaaya.
    The auctioneer was
    auctioning off the bed. (._;--lb J _,_., .)
    ~ J.-.5" ~ 0 _,_..ll~ fi suug haraj
    ydalliluun ca[a kill sa;y. At the
    auction (place) they auction off
    everything. 2. (with ~ ca[a) = J,)

    227

    J-:1.)

    daliil p. ~')~ dalaayil 1. proof,


    evidence. ~ ~ _,z ~I ~ J-=.b ~~
    Cindie daliil cafa IIi tguuliina? Do you
    have proof of what you are saying? 2.
    directory, guidebook . .J _,..;l=ll J,b dalii/
    t-ta/afoon the telephone directory.

    dall. ~ L:.lb ~ ...1...>-IJ I.J...a>. J \..;,...p


    {Jicna w-/:10$$0/na waaf:tid seeba
    dallalna cafa t-tariig. We lost our
    way. We found an old man who
    showed us the way. 3. to pamper,
    spoil. ..L.>.IJ .G"~ jJ-4 ydallil banaata
    waayid. He pampers his daughters a
    lot.
    ~)JI

    J~.) dal/aal p. -iin, o)'l~ dlaalwa 1.


    auctioneer. ..;_,...... l) ..L.>.IJ ~')~ ~
    Cr'" t/:ta$$il dal/aaliin waayidfi suug
    haraj. You will find many auctioneers
    at the auction (place). 2. dealer, agent,
    broker. ~ ~ j'l o),...... tf ~ ~ 1~1
    J'l~ ~~J 'ioa bageet tistiri sayyaara
    /aazim tittafig wiyya dal/aal. If you
    want to buy a car, you have to come to
    an agreement with a dealer. 3. street
    crier, hawker.

    J-l.u tdallal

    V 1. to be coy, behave
    affectedly. ..;') ~ Jl~ ~ ~1_,... y.
    _r..Si ._,.._,J; ~ huwa mwaafig bass
    yiddalla/ cafeehum linna yibga jluus
    'ak()ar. He is in agreement but he is
    playing hard to get with them because
    he wants more money. ~ Jl...l.:j ls"'
    4-k-J hiya tiddal/a/ cafa riilha. She. is
    acting coy with her husband. 2. to
    make demands, take advantage. Jl...l.:j
    ..L.>.IJ ~ w') ~ y.i ~ tiddal/al cafa
    'ubuuha linna yif:tbbha waayid. She
    makes demands of her father because
    he loves her a lot.

    J.i.il ndal/ VII 1. to find . ._;:)JI .::..,l..lil


    ndal/eet t-tariig. I found my way.
    <LJ..~.;.i L.... .J~ c_IJJ ~I xtifa w-raaf:t
    mukaan ma nindal/a. He disappeared
    and went to a place we cannot find. 2.
    to know, know where. ~.J~I ~b J...L;j
    tindal/ oaak 1-mukaan? Do you know
    where that place is? ~ J~ ...~>-L....
    ~..L:..:ll mabbad yindal/ beet t-tindeel.
    No one knows where the supervisor's
    house is.

    :U.) da/la p. J'l~l dlaal large coffee pot


    (with long curved spout, usually made
    of brass).

    J~.) dalaal

    1. coyness, coquettish-

    ness. 2. pampering, spoiling.

    w~.) dlaala brokerage commission


    (commission taken by a J'l~ dallaal).

    .JJ J

    dlw

    _,.h

    datu p. oJ ') ~ dlaawa bucket, pail.


    ~I l) )..UI J..li~ dandal d-dalufi 1-biir.
    He lowered the bucket into the well.

    I.)AJ ~

    f'

    dmbs

    ~.) dambas (~-4 ydambis) 1. to


    pin s.th. ~ J.L.J.I 6._j~ ~-4 tfj.J...Lll
    d-darzi ydambis btaanat li-hduum. A
    tailor pins in the lining of clothes. 2.
    to dip. ~~ JIJJ\11 ~~ dambas
    1-'awrag b-li-klips. He clipped the
    papers with a paper clip.

    ._rJ-:11.) dambuus p.

    lf":"!L.;~

    danaabiis

    (safety) pin.
    ~~~ J dmbk

    ~.) dumbuk p. ~lj~ danaabik clay


    or brass drum with skin head.

    228
    [~ oJ

    the war.

    dmj
    ~.)

    dimaj (~...1:! yidmij) to merge,


    combine. ~I} 1~.:~ LA.l.:ll
    <.S.J---" ly..JL....>- J 1-bulafa dmajaw
    guwwaattum w-baarbaw siwa. The
    Allies merged their forces and fought
    together. ~ .J.:~ J ~I ...:...S..:~ dimajt
    ~-~affeen w-darrasittum. I combined
    the two classes and taught them.

    damaar destruction, ruin,


    annihilation. JL...JJI ':J! ~ Lo y _r=l.-1
    1-J:zarb ma tijlib 'ilia d-damaar. War
    brings
    about
    nothing
    except
    destruction.

    JL.....a.)

    join,

    J_,_.J..o madmuur ruined, messed up, in

    a bad shape.
    ii _;-e.J..o mdammra p. -aat destroyer

    .J ~ oJ dmr

    (naut.) .

    .r".) dammar II to annihilate, destroy,


    ruin, demolish. ~..UI .r----.:~ JI..;-J)I
    z-zilzaal dammar 1-madiina. The
    earthquake destroyed the city. J..l.All
    ~ .r----.:~ [_cadu dammar jeesna. The
    enemy wiped out our army. ii .J~I _r.:~
    ._}.:!L..1 JIJ--" ....:.':} dammar s-sayyaara
    linna sawwaag (aayiS. He ruined the
    car because he is a reckless driver.
    L.; J.r.:~ J ~) ...L.P ..,_.J ~) fariigna
    ficab 9idd fariighum w-dammaruuna.
    Our team played their team and they
    slaughtered us. .:~ _,.._J:-1 .r----.:~ y y.Lll
    ~~I ..::.,.~.J...l:l'-! li-mdarrib dammar
    li-jnuud b-t-tadriibaat [_caskariyya.
    The trainer annihilated the soldiers
    with military exercises. <~....->- JJ .r-.:~
    dammar ruul;ta. He ruined himself.

    rJJ

    tdammar v to be annihilated,
    destroyed, ruined, demolished. ~..UI
    Jl) )L..., . .::.,. ..r"J.J 1-madiina ddammarat
    b-z-zilzaa/. The city was destroyed in
    the earthquake. ~JJI l) ~ Y .JL.,.. L.
    ...::.,. _r<X <G'.J~ ~ ma ~aar fii sayy fi
    d-dacma /aakin sayyaarta ddammarat.
    Nothing happened to him in the car
    accident, but his car was wrecked.
    y _rl-1 J. _r.J.J ~
    . kill sayy ddammar fi
    /-barb. Everything was destroyed in

    t~ oJ

    dmc

    C".)

    dammac

    C".)

    damic (coli.) tears. s.

    II

    to tear, shed tears.


    y ? I IJ..r-""' ~I ~ ~ ._; Y- ..;..........:~
    dammacat cyuuna leen simac 'inhum
    xsaraw /-barb. His eyes shed tears
    when he heard that they had lost the
    I - ~
    ~
    . . I C:::-" .J.j ~
    'I
    war. (,'....;-------:
    y
    cyuunak ddammic leen tgassir ba~a/?
    Do your eyes water when you peel
    onions?
    ~.:~

    damca.

    J;~ C:-"JJ' l.Jl.S 4. ~ l.l}J--1:! lj\5" J.)


    .._:, y.? Lr" leen CaanaW ydallifUUn Ca/a

    beeta caan d-damic yinzil min cyuuna.


    When they were auctioning off his
    house, tears were coming down from
    his eyes.

    t~ oJ dmg

    t l.a.) damaag p. -aat

    1. brain.

    2.

    mind, brains.
    ,&:, .;

    t ~ oJ

    dmgr!

    ~1.}-~.)

    1. (adj.)
    democratic. ~1):-_r.JJI y _;.J.-1 1-bizb
    d-dimograa{i the democratic party (p.
    -yyiin) a democrat. ~1):-J-'..:1
    huwa
    dimograa{i. He is a democrat. J.,:l-1~

    dimograa{i

    229
    ~J.to midmin (act. part. from IV if;)i
    'adman) p. -iin I. addict. i f if.M y>
    0::-i~l ~..J.I ~ huwa midmin min
    jim/it 1-midimniin ()-()aanyiin. He is an
    addict among the other addicts. 2.
    being an addict. '.r-=J-1 ~ if..J.I y.
    L..;\ y _,..... huwa 1-midmin cafa 1-xamir,
    muub 'aana. He is the one addicted to
    liquor, not I.

    <J"~~I ~ .JJ~ ~1):-y:....l.ll


    ~r'll oa/l:ziin d-dimograa(iyyiin
    y$aytruun cafa 1-kongres 1-'amriiki.
    Now the Democrats are in control of
    the U.S. Congress.

    a_J,I_j-~~ dimograa(iyya democracy.


    f' f' J dmm
    r~

    damm l. blood. ~..UI j!..o _,r ...,.,. )


    weeha l:zamar mi()i/ d-damm. His face
    is red as blood. His face is blood red.
    ~) .,r;) ,:r min dammi w-lal:zmi
    (said of a person) my own, my own
    flesh and blood. ~...1.11 ~ bank d-damm
    the blood bank. 2. a killing, a death, a
    life. ~I .J!:-1 ~;) ~ fii damm been
    1-gabiilteen. Blood has been shed
    between the two tribes. There has been
    a killing between the two tribes. \... v;)
    ..}~ ()r- damma ma yruul:z balaaS.
    His death won't go for nothing. 3. (in
    certain constructions). ~...1.11 ~ xafiif
    d-damm amiable, charming. ~..UI ~
    ()agiil
    d-damm
    insufferable,
    disagreeable, unpleasant.
    damawi bloody. ~Y';) y .r l:zarb
    damawiyya bloody war.
    '-?.JP~

    rL.o..UI d-dammaam Dammam (city in


    eastern Saudi Arabia, known as a
    seaport).

    'Uf' J

    uf' J

    dmn

    .j-1'~

    dimin (coli.) (.J).r"-! bacruur is


    more common) droppings, dung of
    animals. s. 4..;...;) dimna.
    I.JM ":'

    uJ

    dnbs

    danbas, J' _r;,;) danbuus = ~;)


    dambas, J' ~;) dambuus. See under
    r.JM "":' f' ..1 dmbs.
    ~~

    ":' u

    .J

    dnbk

    ~~ dunbuk p. ~Li;) danaabik = ~;)


    dumbuk p. ~Li;) danaabik. See under
    d":'f'"' dmbk.

    J Ju..,

    dndi

    J.w~ dandal (J..lj~ ydandil) to lower,


    let down, dangle. ~~ l) _,J...UI j..Li;)
    dandal d-dalufi 1-biir. He lowered the
    bucket in the well. J} i f ~I J..lj;)
    dandil 1-l:zabil minfoog. Let down the
    rope from upstairs.

    J.w..u

    dmn

    ~~i 'adman IV (0-'"~yidmin) (with


    ~ cafa) to be addicted to s.th . .:,.d
    ..;... .r".JJ ~ J _,_..J-1 . . .,. . _;;., Js- 'adman
    surb
    1-xamir
    W-$iMta
    cala
    ddammarat. He addicted himself to
    drinking liquor
    ruined.

    and his health was

    tdandal to hang down, hang,


    dangle. r:,r J..lj~ ~I ..}>- xa!!i 1-l:zabil
    yiddandal minni. Let the rope hang
    C lk) ~.J...UI i f J..lj.JJ
    from here.
    ..}>.J ~I ddandal min d-diriisa w-(aal:z
    cala 1-'ar{J. He hung down from the
    window and fell to the ground.

    Js-

    230
    ~u

    .. dng
    J-i.)

    to bend, bow. ~
    L.).l .:r-- ......... 1.J ~.) ~I.. 4-Jf~ /een
    oakkarta b-maa{Jii dannag raasa min
    1-})aya. When I reminded him ofhis
    past, he bowed his head out of shame.
    dannag

    II

    JA.bll !-!ifil
    dannag
    waayid min
    d-diriisa
    w-wugac. The child leaned too far out
    of the window and fell.
    ~ JJ ~.J..UI .:r' ..L>.-IJ ._;.i.)

    fiu.a

    dny

    ~.) danna II
    1. to be low, mean,
    base, contemptible. ~ (,>i J-:-- ~~
    ydanni l)agg 'aY.Ya SaY.)I. He lowers
    himself for anything. c_I.JJ ~ ~.)
    J-...\.;;)y J-- ~ danna nafsa w-raab
    yitwassal b-t-tindeel. He lowered
    himself and went to beg the
    2. to bring s.th. close,
    supervisor.
    move s.th. near. .U_,....;.i .J...L.ji Lo \~.)
    dannii; rna 'agdar 'acuufa. Bring it
    closer; I can't see it.
    ~JJ

    V 1. to move close, go
    near. U _,kll ~ ~X ddanna min
    t-toofa. He moved closer to the wall.
    !~ ~X ddanna yamni! Come nearer
    to me! 2. to move over, scoot over.
    .JU::.. ~ L... .~_,....;. __,;x ddanna
    swayya. mafii mukaan 'ili. Move over
    a little. There's no room for me.
    tdanna

    Jl

    dini (in a..,;.) 4.-..A.i nafsa diniY.Ya)


    greedy, self-indulgent.
    .~.) 4.-..A.i
    o~ .U~ ~ nafsa diniY.)Ia. kill saY.Y
    ycuufa yibgaa. He is greedy. He wants
    everything he sees.
    ~.)

    JS

    ~.)i 'adna (elat.) 1. (with .y min)


    more contemptible, vile. .:r- ~.)i y.
    ...l:>-IJ (,>i huwa 'adna min 'ayya waal)id

    He is more contemptible than any


    other one. 2. (with foiL n.) the most
    contemptible, vile. ~ ~.)i .J-'"
    huwa 'adna SUX$. He is the most
    contemptible person. 3. (in certain
    expressions) ~ __,;.)i 'adna })add the
    minimum, the lowest limit. J r!-ll
    ~.))11 s-sarg 1-'adna the Near East.

    \.:i.) dinya (less common var. dunya) 1.


    world. ~ ~..UI d-dinya geer. The
    world (nowadays) is different. The
    world has changed. 2. this world (as
    opposed to o.r--"'"\II /- 'aaxra the
    hereafter), this life. 3. life, existence.
    ~..UI (,>.l.J. !._,...-.1 bass! haaoi d-dinya.
    That's enough! That's life.
    ., .. ., .. dhdh
    Ooa.) dahdah (o~~ ydahdih) 1. to roll
    down, cause to roll, let roll. ..,...J.-1 o.U.)
    dahdah 1-l)iyar. He rolled down the
    rock. t_.JL._.;JI .J ~I.J..L.JI o..L....IIX 'j Ia
    ddahdih d-draam ji s-saaric. Don't
    roll the baJ.Tel down the street.

    OJ.AJJ tdahdah (o...l.J>~ yitdahdah) to


    roll, be rolled down. ...:...a~X o~I
    li-$Xara ddahdahat. The rock rolled
    down. ..J5"" o...l.J>X (,>L11J ~I ~\.:.11
    t-taanki nkisar w-l-maay ddahdah
    ki/la. The water reservoir broke and
    the water ran down.

    ~.I.A.) dihdihiY.Ya (adv.) quickly, fast.


    ~~.)

    JL_.U J

    dihdihiY.)Ia.
    quickly.

    Go

    ruub w-tacaal
    out and come back

    CJ.J

    .J6 .t dhr

    _r-A.) dahir p . .;yo.) dhuur 1. long time,


    age.
    2. fate, destiny. J"""'..UI "-:--:!L..,.a..

    231

    milk. 2. oil (for lubricating, or for the


    skin).

    ma$aayib d-dahir afflictions, trials of


    fate.

    j cj.; ~ .J dhryz
    j-!.J'4~ dihriiz (less common var. ?~
    dihliiz) p. f.JW..) dahaariiz narrow
    passage, corridor.

    ,. ~ .J

    ~~ dihni fatty, oily. ~~ ~ly


    mawadd dihniyya fatty substances.

    .; .J ~ .J dhwr
    J.J-A~

    dahwar (J.J---'b-4 ydahwir) to


    destroy, ruin, damage.~ J.J'"~ ~~
    1-xamir dahwar $i/:tl:tta. Liquor has
    destroyed his health.

    dhm
    ~~

    diham (~-4 yidham) to be or


    become insane. oJ~ J L...... H r----"'~
    ~1$..1 ~ diham gabil-ma waddoo
    mustaifa 1-mayaaniin. He went insane
    before they took him to the lunatic
    asylum.
    ~~ dahham II
    to make insane, to
    madden. JL....i)'l J ~-4 J4J,.I ..:..>lr
    marraat
    1-yihhaa/
    ydahhimuun
    1-'insaan. Sometimes children drive
    people nuts. ~-4 ~I c.$l.J. JLr.
    jamaa/ haaoi 1-bint ydahhim. This
    girl's beauty is maddening.
    !J~~
    u~ .J

    J_J-AJS tadahwar (J.J'"~ yitdahwar) to


    deteriorate. ~ ..,..11 .:..;--- ..::..> J..r"'...u ~
    $i/:tl:tta ddahwarat min 1-mara(J. His
    health deteriorated because of the
    disease. l,>"l:--]1 cP )1 J.J'"...U ddahwar
    1-wa(Jc
    s-siyaasi.
    The political
    situation deteriorated.

    'i ~ .J

    ~~~ daahiya p. ~~J~ dawaahi


    disaster, calamity, catastrophe . .) ~ J
    ~~~ wugac fi daahiya. A disaster
    befell him . ..r.-JI ~~ U L...... .~1~ c.$:U
    haaoi daahiya. rna lana 'ilia $-$abir.
    This is a calamity. We have no
    recourse except patience.

    dahmaan p. -iin insane, mad.

    dhn

    r:_r-A~ dihan (~-4 yidhan) I. to oil,


    grease. i j~ ~Ju ..::..> ~ ~ ~lll
    ~...u 1-maakiina fiiha $OOt caa/i;
    laazim tidhanha. The machine is
    noisy; you have to oil it. 2. (withy
    b-) to rub, massage. <.::..:!y. L.b.Y"' J ~~
    0 ~j dhanat ryuulha b-zeet zaytuun.
    She massaged her legs with olive oil.

    '~.J .J

    Jl,.:.

    dwb

    y J~ doob (no known p.) nature,


    natural disposition, temperament. I:U
    JL...... j .:.r---- ow _r- . "'--!J~ haaoa dooba.
    cirafnaa min zamaan. This is his
    nature. We have known him for a long
    time.

    r:_r-A~

    dihin (coli.) I. fat, butter fat,


    shortening. ~..) ~_; <.::..:!.J--!"1 stireet
    guu{i dihin. I bought a can of
    shortening. ...L...->.-IJ ~~ ~ ~I IL.
    haaoa 1-lal;am fii dihin waayid This
    ~
    meat has a lot of fat in it.
    ~..UI l;aliib xaali d-dihin non-fat

    dhy

    '\'

    ~.J .J dwb

    y J~ doob (coli.) kind oflight wood

    used in shipbuilding, esp. in making


    oars. s. -a p. y )~ duwab.

    232

    '"'-:' .J .J

    car and it gave me a lot of trouble. 4.


    to feel nausea, get sick. }~ L...
    tJ..I.J oJ':J o_rW~ ma ysaafir b-1-baaxra
    /inna yduux. He doesn't travel by ship
    because he gets sick.

    dwb

    ~J.)

    duuba p. y ):. duwab barge, cargo


    ship (that transports merchandise from
    anchored ships to the wharf).
    ~ J '-:' .J .J dwblj
    [.~J.)

    tJ.) dawwax II 1. to make s.o. dizzy.


    ~)..I.J;;J~~~\ s-safar
    b-t-tayyaara ydawwixni. Travel by
    plane makes me dizzy. 2. to give s.o.
    a headache, bother s.o. a lot. ,y ~ ):.

    dublaaj dubbing (in motion

    pictures).
    ~..l.o mdablaj p. -iin dubbed.

    C.J .J dwl)

    ..........;_,;J ;; _;....S dawwaxni min kaOrat

    C.J.) dool) (coli.) tall trees with many


    branches. s. -a p. -aat.

    /agiwta. He gave me a headache


    because of his gibberish.

    ~J.)

    4,:-J.) dooxa I. dizziness. 2. headache,


    trouble, nuisance. 3. nausea, motion
    sickness.

    dool)a p. -aat place with trees.

    ~fi_,All ~ ):. '~ ~ ):. ,~\ ~ ):.

    dool)at s-see/a, dool)at gamiis, dool)at


    1-gaweefriyya are names of do~as in
    the U.A.E.
    ~JJ.II d-dool)a Doha, capital city of
    Qatar.

    'C.J
    . .J

    dwx

    tl.) daax (t)...L..! yduux)

    1. to be or
    become dizzy, feel dizzy. I~! CJ...L..!

    W_,.b o..l.....A ~ yduux 'ioa yistagil


    mudda tawiila. He gets dizzy if he
    works for a long time. ~ tJ..~.J o~....o\J
    oft! ~ J )i raasa yduux cugub 'awwal
    botil biira. His head starts spinning
    after the first bottle of beer. 2. to get a
    headache. t l..,...aJI) J\;:.)1 .y ..::...>-:. duxt
    min li-zcaag W-$-$raax. Shouting and
    screaming gave me a headache.

    t 1:.

    reading.

    cigarette, a cigar, a pipe) . ..r-lk CJ:.i


    tiJ..L..-t CJ:.i L..... 'aduux jigaayir ma
    'aduux midwaax. I smoke cigarettes. I
    don't smoke a pipe. ~CJ..w ..:.....ii 'inta
    dduux? Do you smoke? CJ:.i \. . ,-:; Ia,
    ma 'aduux. No, I don't smoke.

    a.,;,;.J.) dooxa (v.n.) I. smoking. 2. (p.


    -aat) puff of smoke. ~ ,y 4>- ):. ~1>.
    (,)"\J t\:.) )~\ xaoeet dooxa min
    has-siigaar w-daax raasi. I took a puff
    of smoke from that cigar and I felt
    dizzy. 3. confusion, disorder, hustle
    and bustle. '-"'Jl---" Jl...S"") J _,__JI

    ...:...;.- J

    I got a headache from


    3. to have a lot of trouble, be

    the marketplace and it was full of men,

    put to a lot of bother. iiJ~ ~~\

    4.

    tl.) daax (tJ...L...! yduux) to smoke (a

    !~ ):. ft!l.:----) ~..r-) ~L....,.,.J ril:zt


    s-suug w-caan matruus rayaayiil
    w-l:zariim w-siyaayiir. dooxa! I went to

    ~I_;JI ,J---" ~\J daax raasi min

    1-graaya.

    C.J .J dwx

    'I'.

    w...u

    stireet sayyaara
    gadiima w-duxt biiha. I bought an old
    ...::...-....>-:.J

    women, and cars. It was a nuisance.


    ~\.) daayix (act. part. from

    tb daax)

    I. having smoked (a cigarette, a pipe,

    233
    etc.)~~~~..; J.rG ,~ "o).b: ~
    ~ tibga jigaara? Ia, maskuur.
    tawwni daayix sbiil. Do you want a
    cigarette? No, thanks. I have just
    smoked a pipe. 2. dizzy. t_.,J:-1 ,y ~~~
    daayix min 1-yuuc. He is dizzy from
    hunger.

    t'J.l...l

    midwaax p. ~JI..Lo midaawiix


    smoking pipe. tiJ....LJ tJ~ yduux
    midwaax. He smokes a pipe.
    .J,J .J

    dwd
    .) J.) daWad

    II

    to be or become
    worm-eaten. j5"'~ L.. ~ J-4 _r!ll j:J leen
    0-0amar ydawwid rna yinwikil. When
    fruits get wormy, they cannot be eaten.
    .)J.) duud (coli.) 1. worms. s. -a. p.
    -aat.
    2. worm-like larva, e.g.,
    maggots. woodworms, etc. ,~ J..l.ll J!...) _,~ L....._.
    miOil d-duud, rna
    yincadduun. There are so many of
    them: they are innumerable. o~ J~
    ._;.J ~~ duudatl- 'ar(1 earthworm. o~ J...UI
    o...l_,.>- _,.ll d-duuda /-wabiida tapeworm.
    .J .J .J dlt'r
    Jl.) daar (;J~ yduur) 1. to go round,
    rotate, circulate, spread. ~~ Jy )~
    daar boo/ /-beet. He went round the
    1 -.!LA.:....... I ~L:.l
    house. J ..:...0 )~ .__..
    ~~ 'isaacar stigaalat HJUkuuma
    daarat ji 1-balad. The rumor of the
    government resignation has gone
    around the country . .:r-)WI ./'-" \.Aj)
    J _,.._.JI .J ;1~ rtifaac sicr 1-baanziin
    daar ji s-suug. The increase in the
    price of gasoline spread in the market.
    2. to tum, circle, revolve. ~ J).J.; '1 Ia
    dduur minni. Don't tum here. 0;1 ..:..o ;~
    ..:..o ~~ ..:-Ai:" durtleen simact $-$001. I

    t.

    turned when I heard the noise. J1 [_JJ


    ~~ ~ JJ~ J t_;L!.ll .r"'"i ruul:z 'ila
    'aaxir s-saaric w-duur cala 1-yimiin.
    Go to the end of the street and tum
    right. ~~ J,r> JJJ.....j .f;~l 1-'ar(J
    dduur !:zoo/ s-sams. The earth revolves
    around the sun.~ ~J~ L.. J ;1~ 1$""\J
    raasi daar w-ma dareet sayy. I was
    confused and didn't know anything.
    3. to tour, travel, wander around. t.?J...J,.
    415"" ~J;Ji l) L.; ;~ 6..:......JI haaoi s-sana
    durna fi 'urooppa killaha. This year
    we travelled all over Europe. ;..l.Z
    ~ y. l) 4.15"' ..:..>I;L..)'I J)..J.j tigdar dduur
    1-'imaaraat killaha fi yoomeen. You
    can tour the whole of the U.A.E. in
    4. (with J .fi) to stun,
    two days.
    a...,uJ\ 1bewilder. ~ ..:..o ;1~ ~
    gissa IIi simactaha daarat fiini. The
    story I have heard stunned me .

    JJI

    II 1. (with ~ cala) to
    look for s.o. or s.th. ~ L.. J ~ ..:..JJ~
    dawwart catee w-ma ligeeta. I looked
    for him and did not find him. ~
    ~ L.. J 4.#- 0 J)~ .a,b.:..;:JI 9ayyact
    ca[eeha w-ma
    s-san(a. dawwart
    ba-5$altaha. I lost the suitcase. I looked
    for it and did not find it. 2. to look,
    search. ~ 1__. J 0LS::.. JS l) ..:..J)~
    dawwart fi kill mukaan w-ma ligeeta. I
    looked everywhere and didn't find it.
    oL.G.t 0-:!j ;JJ.....j 1~1 'ioa ddawwir zeen
    tilgaa. If you search carefully, you
    will find it. J)~ u--! ~.o.....;... ~ L.
    JS"'L.::... rna ca[eek minna; bas yidawwir
    masaaki/. Never mind him. He is only
    looking for trouble.
    JJ,) dawwar

    .)\.WI ndaar

    VII

    1. to tum. C: 0;1

    )..UI ...:.>~I leen simac $-$OOt ndaar.

    234

    When he heard the sound, he turned.


    2. (with ~ ca1a) to tum against.
    ~~~ ~ IJ)..L..il a.....:J _,5:)1 1-kuuliyya
    ndaaraw ca1a t-tindee1. The coolies
    turned against the supervisor. ..L.:>-IJ
    ~ J ~ )...l.il ~ waa/:lid minhum
    ndaar ca1ayya w-sitamni. One of them
    turned on me and cursed me.
    .)1~

    daar (f.) p. JJ~ duur 1. house,


    home . ...:...s'~l )..LJI c;h haaoi d-daar
    nbaacat. This house was sold. 'li )~
    ~ o~ '~ ~I daarna, 'a!!a
    ysallimk, baciida minni. Our home,
    God protect you, is far from here. )~
    rL:::!\11 daar 1-'aytaam the orphanage.
    ~I )~ daar 1-mucallimiin the
    men's teacher training college. )~
    ..:..>L-.WI daar 1-mucal/imaat the
    women's teacher training college. 2.
    household, family. \....j...L:s- IJl..- ~ )~
    ._,....,.i daar cammi yaw cindan~ 'ams.
    My (paternal) uncle's family came to
    our place yesterday.
    JJ~

    door p. )J~I dwaar 1. turn. ;J...LII


    d-door ca1eek. It's your tum. ~I
    !.1JJ~ ~J 'ixio ragam doorak. Take a
    number for your tum. (:!IJ ;J...LII !..f:-4'
    .:..L.l...ay. ~abir! d-door raayiiJ yoo~alk.
    Be patient! Your tum will come. J5'
    ;J...LI~ J-~ ...L...>-IJ kill waa/:lid ydiss
    b-d-door. Everyone enters in tum. 2.
    role, part. ~4...:!1J)I u ~ !.1JJ~ _,_.:;. su
    doorak fi har-riwaaya? What is your
    role in this play? ~ r--+' JJ~ I~
    ..;...G~~I
    ficbaw door muhimm fi
    1-mu/:zaadaOaat. They played an
    important role in the discussions. 3.
    once, one time. ~ JJ~ J r~ J)~
    door y~uum w-door yiflir. Sometimes
    ~

    he fasts, sometimes he doesn't fast.

    oJJ~ doora p. -aat one rotation,


    revolution, circulation. ~ ..:..>I;J~ ~
    ~l!ll xams dooraat fi 0-0aanya five
    revolutions per second.
    oJJ~ dawra p. -aat 1. course, training
    course. 2. session (of parliament).
    ~ JJ~

    dawri
    periodic, recurring,
    intermittent. ~JJ~ yL-Ji 'a1caab
    dawriyya periodic sports. <;;J~ J~
    sibaag dawri round robin tournament.
    4.tJJ~

    dawriyya p. -aat patrol.

    oJIJ~ dwaara (v.n. from II ;J::J


    dawwar) looking for s.o. or s.th.
    ~ L....,.J o)J~ ~ ..:..>;y dawwart
    cafee dwaara w-ma l:za~~a1ta. I really
    looked hard for him, but I didn't find
    him.
    JIJ~

    dawwaar p. r-JIJ~ dawaawiir


    rmmdabout, square. ~::J
    J) \11 ))..l_jl ..L__:.&. o)-::--- di-cmatni
    SQ)yaara cind d-dawwaar 1-'awwa1. A
    car hit me at the first circle.
    circle,

    JIJ~

    dawaraan 1. act of revolving,


    going round. ~~ J.r-- ..j:>;\11 JI;J~
    dawaraan l-'ar9 !:zoo[ s-sams the
    revolution of the earth around the sun.
    2. evasion, dodging. JI;J~ J ....AJ J J~
    b-duun la.ff w-dawaraan
    without
    ceremony,
    without detours and
    evasion.

    or.l~

    daayra p . .r-IJ~ dawaayir circle .


    ;; r-b ~ J risam daayra. He drew a
    circle.
    mdawwar (p.p. from II ;J::J
    dawwar) round, circular. 4 ~...LII
    ;; ;)..L..o d-dinya tamba mdawwara. The

    JJ..L...o

    235
    world is a round ball. J)J...o
    mdawwar round face.

    u(j ~.JJ J
    ~JJ.)

    o~.>.- J

    weeh

    ~~JJ dwsg
    ~J.) doosag (~~ sibriyya is more

    common) p. ~~J~ duwaasig 1.


    mattress. 2. bench. ~ ~~J~ ~
    ~L___., .rJ.I
    tba$$il duwaasig ji
    1-muntazahaat. You find benches in
    parks.

    dwrbyn
    doorbiin p. -aat telescope.

    I,.)MJ J dws
    '-""'.) daas (u"J~yduus) 1. (with~
    cala) to step, tread on s.th. u" )..J....j ~
    .._?}11 c.,?L ~ Ia dduus cala haaoi
    1-'ar(J. Don't step on this floor. ~
    ~ ~_,J,.~ 4 J) ~ u"J...\j Ia dduus
    cala z-zuuliyya b-1-juuti baggak. Don't
    step on the carpet with your shoes.
    !0:!.A u")~ 'l.f.JWI ~ u")~ duus cala
    1-baanziin, duus baanziin! Step on the
    gas, step on the gas! u"IJ ~ u"J~i
    l.f.L,.:. J5"" 'aduus cala raas kill xaayin. I
    will humiliate every traitor. I will hurt
    every traitor.

    .;dJ J dwkr
    ~J.) dookar (_,-5')~ ydookir) to
    confuse s.o. ~i ~ . J..? )...\j ~ Ia
    ddookirni. xaffni 'afakkir. Don't
    confuse me. Let me think.

    ~JJJ tdookar (_?")~ yitdookar) to


    become confused. ~L ~ ~ _?" )...\j

    ~j ~J~.:.,.i ~ J..L:; L... J Jlj----11 !..11~


    ddookart leen si'alni oaak s-su'aal
    w-ma gidart 'ajaawba zeen. I was
    confused when he asked me that
    question and couldn't answer him
    properly.

    '-"'I.UI ndaas to be stepped on . .._?)

    4-#- u"l~ L.. ~ _rll 'ar(J 1-baram ma


    yindaas caleeha. The floor of the
    mosque shouldn't be stepped on.
    .o.....# u"l~

    JJJ dwl
    U J.) dawla (p. J J~ duwal) state,

    L.. -~ L]"!l...o .....,..._,......~I

    power, country. ~ a.l J~ dawlat gitar


    the State of Qatar. 0:!~1 a.l J~ dawlat
    l-babreen the State of Bahrain. JJ..UI
    ~_rJI d-duwal f-carabiyya the Arab
    States. ~UI JJ..UI d-duwal n-naamya
    the developing countries .

    s-smiit muub yaabis bacad ma yindaas


    calee. The cement isn't dry yet. It
    cannot be walked on. u"IJ ~ u"I..Lil
    oJ-!i ndaas cala raas 'ubuu. He was
    hurt (or humiliated) a lot.
    .; I,.)M J J

    dwsr

    JJ.) dawli international. ~ y.i J\..k..


    JJ..UI mataar 'abu (Jabi d-dawli Abu
    Dhabi International Airport. J jl.All
    JJ..UI 1-gaanuun d-dawli international
    law.

    1$r J,) doosari p . .I""" I)~ duwaasir 1.


    belonging to the Dosari tribe, who
    originally came from .r-"IJ..Lll c.,?~IJ
    waadi d-duwaasir in the Arabian
    Peninsula. 2. very large camel.

    ~JJ dws
    ~J.)

    duus shower, shower bath.

    ~I

    JJ J dwlaab
    y":JJ.) duulaab p. ~~J~ duwaaliib 1.
    steering wheel.
    2. wardrobe. ~
    y)l J..LJI ~ ......._. J...I.A> callag hduuma ji

    236

    d-duulaab. He hung his clothes in the


    wardrobe.
    .J I J .J ..a dwlaar
    J~J~ duulaar p. -aat

    dollar. ~
    J ':i _,.::. ~ ca{eeta xamsa duulaar. I
    gave him five dollars. ~ ~.::.
    J ':i _,.::. difac_[i xamsiin duulaar. He paid
    me fifty dollars. ~ r ~I J':i _,..UI ./-" ~
    cam sicr d-duulaar 1-yoom? How
    much is the dollar exchange rate (lit.,
    "the price of the dollar") today?

    fJ.J ..a dwlm

    U J~ doo/ma Turkish dish made up of


    stuffed vegetables, such as grape
    leaves, squash, peppers, etc.
    f.J

    ..a dwm
    rl~

    daam (r )~ yduum) to last,


    continue, go on. ..;_.I.:. ~~ y ~
    .:.1-~ l;zarb 1-xaliij daamat sahreen.
    The Gulf War lasted two months. r4i
    ~ ..;_.I.:. ..;-.JI 'ayyaam [-cizz daamat
    /ahum. The good old days lasted long
    for them. ...b-i J>- r J.J.j L. t,;..UI d-dinya
    ma dduum l;zagg 'al;zad. The world
    doesn't stand still for anyone.
    rl~ daam
    (~-4 ydiim) to make
    permanent, perpetuate, c~use to last or
    continue. ~ ~I rl.::o .illl 'a{{a daam
    n-nicma cafeehum. God perpetuated
    prosperity for them. U ~I ~-4 .l,1
    'a!!a ydiim s-seex lana. qod keep the
    Shaikh for us. ~-4 .ill I J~
    maskuur. 'a/fa ydiimak Thank you.
    God keep you.

    ~Jl~

    daawam III 1. to go to work,


    report for duty. c~l rJ'~ U""Li y
    _,__..,-)1 r)1-L....:::! U""u ~)
    fii naas

    b-ddaawim $-$abaal;z w-fii naas


    b-ddaawim [_ca$ir. There are people
    who go to work in the morning, and
    there are people who go to work in the
    afternoon. e:-J ~L...JI ~~ rJI..Lj rj''i
    /aazim ddaawim baaCir s-saaca tisi"
    You have to report for duty tomorrow
    2. to continue, carry on.
    at nine.
    ..!.l.l;.._!. ~ r_,I..Lj ..!.Ll0-"""i 'al;zsan-lak
    ddaawim cafa sug/ak. It's better for
    you to continue to do your work. rJb
    ;,__.1J..UI ~ daawam ca[a d-diraasa.
    He continued to study.
    ri~Lo

    I. as long as, while.


    ~ ...:..--.::oL...... ._,......; y twannas ma-dumt
    l;zayy. Enjoy life as long as you are
    alive. ~ (r-") rbL. ma-daam (huwa)
    hni while, as long as he is here. 2.
    since, because, inasmuch as. L.. rl.:ll..
    ~ _,:; J...l.Gj L. ''-'"' p !}...L;s. ma-daam ma
    c;ndak jluus, ma tigdar titwannas.
    Since you don't have any money, you
    cannot have a good time.
    ma-daam

    r'J~ dawaam work schedule, working


    day. ri_,...LJI ..:..\soL... saacaat d-dawaam
    working hours, office hours. ~ ri_,..UI
    45'~~ d-dawaam ji s-sarika company
    hours . ...,.._........ ifiJ.::o dawaami $acb My
    work schedule is difficult. ...,...._; Li~
    ~'u_ riJ.:l cindana nU$$ dawaam baaCir.
    We have a half day (work schedule)
    tomorrow. ri_,..UI Js- ca[a d-dawaam at
    all times, always.

    ~~~ daayim (act. part. from rl.::o daam)

    1.

    continuous, continual, constant.

    ~b ~ ~ camal xeer daayim

    constant charitable deed. 2. eternal,


    everlasting. ~I..UI y. ~I 'a!!aah huwa
    d-daayim. God is the (only) eternal

    237

    reception room. '-:> .fr--"' )II .JI~..UI


    d-diiwaan l-'amiri the Emiri court. 2.
    central office, bureau, central building
    (of a ministry). ~ _,.1.1 .JIY-~ diiwaan
    l-muwa(J9ajiin service commission. 3.
    collected works of a poet.

    one. 4......(1.:> o.J_,_...a.i b-:juura daayma


    permanently.
    '

    ~~~

    daayman (less common var. ~ J~


    doom) always . .JI~ ~~~ daayman
    sakraan. He is always drunk. ~1.:> ~
    ~ yaji daayman hini. He always
    ~omes here. L(b y _,.- muub daayman
    not always.

    Uf> ,J J

    f> U,J J dwnm


    { J~ dunum p. -aat land measure of

    about 2,500 square meters.

    dwmn

    f> I ,J ,J J dwwaam

    4.:.AJ~ doomna p. -aat dominoes.

    LIJ~

    dawwaama p. -aat
    1. top
    (child's toy). 2. whirlpool, eddy.

    U.J J dwn
    I)J..l..!

    b-duun (prep.) without.

    y ~

    _f.-:;, .) )~ o_H-i yirab gahwa b-duun


    akar. He drinks coffee without sugar.
    Lf"_r-U 0 J~ b-duun jluus free of charge,
    gratis. Lf"L.__,; 0 J~ b-duun gyaas
    extremely, disproportionately, very.
    Lf"Y 0 J~ .Jl._ir .:_,\...5' caan /:tamgaan
    b-duun gyaas. He was very mad. (,foUl
    Lf"Y 0 J~ 1-maay b-duun gyaas. The
    water is very plentiful. There is a lot of
    water. ~ (,> ~ .)..L.A.; L. ~ J~
    b-duunh~m rna nigdar nsawwi ayy.
    Without them we cannot do anything.
    Lo ~ J..l..! b-duun-ma (conj .) without.

    '1

    ._,='- ~ L. .:_, )~ CJ~

    !a truuf:t
    b-duun-ma tistarxi:f. Don't go without
    taking permission.
    ~ J~

    (p. -iin, ~ )~ duuniyya)


    ~ )~ .rJ" \o _r:.W '1 Ia
    duuni. Don't associate
    is a rascal. 2. (adj.)
    ~ )...U\ .JU...UI ..:......:>- .J
    ~ ~~\) rfbt d-dikkaan d-duuni
    w-stireet }Jaliib. I went to the close
    store and bought milk.
    duuni I.
    rascal, knave.
    rcaasra; huwa
    with him; he
    close, nearby.

    ~~.H~ diiwaan

    p.

    ~J'Y' dawaawiin

    'i ,J J

    dwy

    -> J~

    dawa ('-:> J..l...:! yadwi) I. to boom,


    resound, ring out. ~ (,> )~ u yP ~
    ~UI ..;... .r---P ~- simact :fOOt yadwi?
    yamkin :fOOt 1-maakiina. You heard a
    booming sound? It might be the sound
    of the machine. 2. to drone. o.J\.,kll
    L.... ).J .J _,.; (,> J..J.j t-tayyaara tadwi foog
    ruusna. The plane is droning over our
    heads.
    ->JI~

    daawa III to treat (a wound, an


    ailment, etc.). (,> Jl~ j>-- '1 j->-..UI oJ..i..:,:.
    <\.......b.. c_),-1 xaooo d-daxtar lajil ydaawi
    l-jarb bagga. They took him to the
    doctor to treat his wound. J-ll ..:....:JI~
    ~~ JJI daaweet s-sill illifiik? Have
    you had your tuberculosis treated?
    ..Sji..U tdaawa

    VI to be treated, get

    treated . .!.\l;. (,> )\~) ~J"i CJ..T- yruu}J


    'amriika w-yiddaawa hnaak. He goes
    to America and gets treated there.
    IJ~ duwa p. "--:!J~i 'adwiya medicine,
    medication, remedy. .J--.>-...Lll ...:.-...>- .J
    \)~ J ...,_.s) ribt d-daxtar w-kitab-li
    duw~. I went to the doctor and he

    238

    prescribed some medicine for me.


    t.;.J..:s. .!J1J.) duwaak cindi. I have your
    best medicine (i.e., I know you and
    know how to deal with you). c):-1 1).)
    ~1 duwa 1-jarb 1-kayy. The best
    medicine for a wound is cauterization.
    ~J~

    dawi (v.n. from 1J.) dawa) boom,


    rumbling, resounding sound. ~
    ~~..U1 t.;J.) simact dawi 1-midjac? Have
    you heard the roar of the cannon?

    611 J

    dyfJ

    .!J.JI.~ dayyuufJ (less frequent var. J' y..)


    dayyuus) p. -iin pimp, procurer. -:... y..)
    -=... y..) .:r-1 dayyuufJ 'ibin dayyuufJ son of
    a bitch.

    rill J

    dye

    ~~ dayyac II (with~ cata) to be

    proud or haughty, to swagger. ~...u 'i


    Ia ddayyic ca[a rabcak.
    Don't look down upon your people.
    ~J ~

    ~~

    diic p . .!J y..) dyuuc rooster. (prov.)


    ~..U1 .) ~ t.;L11 L..:>...,.:. r.H yoom
    $axxanna
    l-maay
    .firad d-diic.
    Forewarned is forearmed. (lit., "When
    we heated the water, the rooster ran
    away."). (prov.) ~.) ~ bee{Jat diic.
    It happens only once in a lifetime. (lit.,
    "A rooster's egg."). ~ )J ~.) diic
    ruumi turkey cock.
    ~J..o mdayyic p. -iin (with~ cafa)
    proud, haughty . ._,..U1 ~ ~...L.t
    saalim mdayyic caza n-naas. Salim
    looks down upon people.

    fL..

    J'i J dyd
    ~~

    deed p. .) ~.) dyuud I. female


    breast. ~ J ~1 ~..U1 d-deed illi
    ra{J{Jack the breast which nursed you.

    2. udder.

    ..JI:i J

    dyr
    ) 1~ daar (.r..~ ydiir) 1. to pour.

    J _r-.)

    J'':>\...AJ1 1h ~ t.;L. ~__,..!- diir-li sw;yyat


    maay fi haaoa li-glaa$. Pour me some
    water in this glass. 2. to tum, tum
    (one's face), direct. !..!L..-1J .r-.) diir
    raasak! Tum your head! .!.l..p.- J .r-::.
    !J'U1 ~ diir weeyhak cafa n-naas!
    Tum your face to the people . .J~ )::.
    daar baa/a to pay attention, be careful.
    ~1...U JJr
    ~ ~ !~'-! .r-.) diir
    baalak! fii si;!i muruur jiddaamna. Be
    careful! There's a traffic policeman in
    front of us. J'-! r-...u 'i Ia ddiir baa!.
    Don't worry. J'-! ...J ..r-...u 'i Ia ddiir-la
    baa/. Don't worry about him. Don't
    pay attention to him. ~ ..J~ Jb
    o~..IJ-1 oJl::---J1 daar
    baa/a ca[a
    s-sayyaara 1-yidiida. He took care of
    the new car. ~~ ~ ~~ _r-.) diir
    baalak cata $ib/Jatk. Look after your
    health. 3. (with~ cata) to tum s.o.
    against s.o. else. ~ W _,.(]1 .T-~ I.U
    ~...L;;;)I haaaa ydiir 1-kuuliyya ca[a
    1-tindeel. This one turns the coolies
    Jb
    against the supervisor. ~ J
    daar ca[ayya w-.fitamni. He turned on
    me and cursed me.
    4. to direct,
    manage, run, be in charge of s.th . .:.r
    ~o r.I..UI u .r-:!~ ~I man illi ydiir
    had-daayra? Wh~ is the one who
    manages this department? ..T-~
    ~ ~
    huwa lli ydiir kill
    hini.
    He is the one who runs everything

    J:>

    Js-

    JS"

    Jl1 r

    sayy

    here. r---P" )f. ~-L4 J J.r-:!~ J )J~


    yigdaruun
    ydiiruun
    baladhum
    b-ruub/Jum.
    They can run their
    country by themselves.

    239
    .r..~

    director, manager. ~lll r-.Jwo mudiir


    1-maaliyya the director of finance .
    .!.L:..:JI .r-:!.Jwo mudiir /-bank the bank
    manager. JL...&-i r-.Jwo mudiir 'acmaal
    business manager. 2. principal (of a
    school). 4..... .;..U.I .r-.Jwo mudiir 1-madrasa
    the school principal. 3. president (of a
    university). a..............\.J..I .r--:!.Jwo mudiir
    1-yaamca the university president.

    deer (v.n.) 1. pouring. (,>lll f-~


    ~ deer 1-maay cala 1-'arp

    ,_;..J ~I

    pouring the water on the ground. 2.


    managing, directing.

    ii .r..~ diira p. -aat 1. town, hometown.


    or-..ill Li.;-L> /:laddarna li-d-diira. We
    went to town. J~>- ...::....A.!. J o.r-..UI c.;.. .J
    ri/:lt d-diira w-cift hali. I went to my
    hometown and saw my folks. 2.
    compass. ~I.; ..:..-ii .:.r-J ..!.l.....!J} or-..UI
    d-diira trawwiik ween 'inta raayi/:1. A
    compass shows you where you are
    heading. 3. district, region, area. o.r-~
    ..r~ diirat dbayy the commercial
    district of Dubai.
    ii Jl~! 'idaara management, administration. JL.....s-~1 o)~! 'idaarat 1-'acmaal
    business management. 4.......Ju.\.J..I o.;b)
    'idaarat 1-yaamca the university
    administration. o)~)'l ~ majlis
    1-'idaara board of directors.

    ,...JI,j oJ dyrm
    ~ .;1.~

    4.)M

    cl'i oJ

    See under tic.? ..1 dye.


    \

    ur,j

    deen p. 0 .J-1.~ dyuun I. debt. -..#


    cafee deen. He is in debt. ..._.I ~
    ..J--.,!~ ~ .)~ ca(ni 'imyat dirhim deen.
    Give me one hundred dirhams as debt.
    2. money owed one . ....;Wi-..# ,:.p Jl
    }-~~ 'iii deen Ca/ee calf diinaar. He
    owes me one thousand dinars . ..:.r-~
    ~ ~ j'Y

    -..#

    calee deen laazim ysidda. He

    owes money he should pay back.

    iJ.J--I.J..o madyuun p. -iin in debt,


    indebted. J.l~ .J:-i y...Jwo . ..:.r-..U~ (,> ~
    r-"' .;~ nistiri b-d-deen. madyuuniin
    b-'alf dirhim. We buy (things) on
    credit. We owe one thousand dirhams .
    .}\.....:?: <.!Jl 0 y..Jwo \jI 'aana madyuun-lak
    b-bayaati. I owe you my life.

    rS

    c.?.:u. ~ .r-1~
    cam
    ji haaoi 1-wazaara? How

    mudiir p. -iin, 1.;-L.t mudara. I.

    dyn

    0-1.~

    iir.l~ daayra p. r-IJ~ dawaayir I.


    department, department of a ministry.
    !.1 ~I ;; r-b daayrat 1-jimrig the
    customs department. ~.r.JI o.r--:!b
    daayrat t-tarbiya the department of

    _r!.M

    oJ

    .:.r-~

    r5'

    many departments are there in this


    ministry?

    dyk

    ~~ diik (more common var. diiC).

    administrative measures. 2. (p. -yyiin)


    administrator. ~;; .r-I..UI (,>.:U. ~ (,> )~!
    cam 'idaari ji haaoi d-daayra? How
    many administrators are there in this
    department?

    education. ~)j)l

    dys

    '-"'.H~ dayyuus (more frequent var.


    ..:... y.~ dayyuu8) p. -iin pimp, procurer.

    ':f JI~J 'idaari


    I. administrative.
    a. . . . ub! ..::..l~l.r-"'"1 'ijraa'aat 'idaariyya

    daayra

    'i oJ

    dee rum lipstick

    "\'

    U'=? J

    dyn

    !)-!.~ diin p. 04~i 'adyaan religion . ..:.r-..UI

    240

    1..?"-y.__. ':JI d-diin /- 'is/aami the Islamic


    ~JL.-JI .J~.)~I 1-'adyaan
    s-samaawiyya the heavenly religions.
    :.P c;4 ..:r-~ L. ma yaamin b-'ayya diin.
    He doesn't believe in any religion. y..
    ~..UI yoom d-diin
    the Day of
    Judgement.

    .J f"

    religion.

    't:? 'i .J

    c; ~

    d-diinaar 1-bal;reeni? How much is a


    Bahraini dinar worth?

    dynamite.

    -waat

    ~J

    1. chicken.

    l.

    C. L:.,.,) kaleena diyaay

    w-lal;am maswi. He ate chicken and


    grilled meat. 2. (s . ...,.,.~.,.,..) diyaaya. p.
    -aat) chicken, hen . .;...\.;.,.\.;.,..)~ li..~;s.
    .;...L.,;:.~
    cindana xams diyaayaat
    bayyaa(Jaat. We have five egg-laying
    chickens. (prov.) ~ J .....,.~,;.,...Ui .;....f
    ._,.._r.--14 tmuut d-diyaaya w-ceenha
    b-s-sibuus. (derogatory expression for

    ~~_r:)l .;~..UI c.S ~ ~ cam yiswa

    diinamiit dynamite. ~
    ...:...,..L....:.!.) $Ubic diinamiit stick of

    .;...ly~.)

    dyy

    [.. W!-::J diyaay (coli.)

    J4::J diinaar p. ~\.i.) dinaaniir dinar.

    4~::J

    diinamo p.

    generator, dynamo .

    ..) I ~Hj .J dynaar

    dynmyt

    dynmw

    _,..~::J

    ~::J diini religious, spiritual.~.) .;yi


    'umuur diiniyya religious matters,
    religious affairs.

    u tj f" utj .J

    utj .J

    .,.

    a very greedy person) (lit., "A chicken


    dies looking at chicken feed.").

    t:? t:? .J

    dyy

    ~::J diyya. See tmder 'i .J .J wdy.

    J
    I j oaa
    I~ daa (dem. pron.; more common var.

    IL. haaoa) f. c..,?~ oii p. J~ oeel, ~~


    dee/a this, this one. See under l.lA.

    haaoa.
    ~I j

    oaak
    !ll~ oaak (dem. pron.; more common
    var. !IlL. haoaak) f. ~~ oiic p. J J~

    oool, ':i J~ ooola that, that one. See


    under !lilA. haoaak.

    J Ij

    oaal

    JI~ oaal name of the letter ~ 0.

    ..

    uuj obb
    y~ oabb (Yl..: yoibb) 1. to throw,
    toss. J:' .J \!1 ~ il....?- y.i.; ':} Ia ooib
    xmaam cafa 1-'ar9. Don't throw
    garbage on the floor . .y o.J.~I .J y~
    ~ oabb-la 1-kuura min baciid. He
    threw the ball to him from a far
    distance. ~ ~ ....,..,~ oabb nafsa
    minniik. He jumped from there. oy.~
    u .h...-.. ..L>-i .u L. 0':} ;;~ ~__..4!
    oabboo b-garya $agiira finn ma-fa
    'a~ad yitwassat-la. They sent him to a
    small village because he didn't have
    anyone to intercede for him. j5"' y~
    ~ ~ oabb kill sugla cafayya. He
    pushed all of his work off on me. 2. to
    throw away, discard."-!~ ~ t.S~ L.
    ily.L.JI cJ rna yiswwa sayy. oibba ji
    d-draam.
    It's not worth anything.
    Throw it away in the (garbage) can.

    r-

    or J.._r.s-

    ~ L. ~ ~~ ._,..,.; l_p.>i

    'axiiran oabb l-gamii$ cugub-ma libsa

    cisriin marra. At long last he threw


    away the shirt after he had worn it
    forty times. ~ c.-!;.~ ~ c}..r.JI ~~
    oabbat 1-birgic leen dassat betta. She
    discarded the veil when she entered
    her house. o.J....$' y~ oabb cabda. He
    threw up.
    c~j ob~
    ~~ oiba~

    (~~ yioba~)

    1. to

    slaughter, butcher. ~J? C:.~ yl.,a.A.ll


    l-ga$$aab oiba~ xaruufeen. The
    butcher slaughtered two lambs.':} J;i
    ,J~ i.j':i ~ ':}I) 0__..4! ':}I) .....; J? c:-.b
    ..r.-S'i 21J 21 ~ gabil-la tioba~
    xaruuf walla bgara walla biciir laazim
    tguul, "bismi-llah w-'a!!aahu 'akbar."
    Before you slaughter a lamb, or a cow,
    or a camel, you have to say, "In the
    name of God, and God is the greatest."
    ..l..,:.JI ~ J J ? IY.~ oba~aw xaruuf
    cafa f-ciid. They slaughtered a lamb
    for the feast. 2. to cut someone's
    throat, kill s.o. ~ r @ ;.,.! 1_,...>:~
    oba~ww bac9ahum baca9. They beat
    each other. o~~ J o,;~ baagoo
    w-oba~oo. They robbed him and cut
    his throat. ~~ ~~ 1-LJ. haaoa
    s-sugul yioba~. This work is murder.
    l_,...::,liiJ y ~I .:..r- 0 _,...>:~ obahoo min
    9-9arb w-nhaasaw. They almost beat
    him to death and ran away. D.>- ).J (:1~
    JA.--:JI ~ ~I oiba~ ruu~a 'ileen
    xa!la$
    s-sugul. He almost killed
    himself until he finished his work. 3.
    to massacre. ~_;}I ~i (:1~ ._MI l-jees
    oiba~
    'ahl 1-garya. The army

    242
    ~ maobal}.a p. ~1.1.. maoaabi/.1
    massacre, slaughter.

    massacred the people of the village.

    e-'.) tJabbal}. II I. to slaughter (large


    nwnbers). ~-i:!

    ..1$-u ~)- i.J... J

    c_J-!.l.e maobuul}. (p.p. from~;;, diba/.1)


    p. -iin I. slaughtered, having been

    JLJ.

    CL.,.,.,.., $aor-la muddo {awiila gaacid


    ydabbil}.
    diyaay.
    He's
    been

    slaughtered.

    slaughtering chickens for a long time.

    maobuul}.. The ram is slaughtered. 2.

    e-.i.it noibal}. VII I. to be slaughtered.


    ~ l~..i..;l .JU)--1 1-xirfaan ndibl}.aw
    killahum. All the lambs have been
    slaughtered. 2. to be killed. ,:r- ..:J,..i..;l
    y....:.l' ndibal}.t min s-sugul. I am dead
    ~;;,

    killing.

    J~ :S obi
    ~.)

    ....,......,.,)

    oibii/.la p.

    J J~l ~;;,

    yiobal)

    l. to wilt,

    .:.r- ~;;, ~11-xass iJibal

    wilts here in the summer. 2. to waste


    away, get run down. JJI ,_;P)1 ,:r- J.:.
    4,i dibal min l-mara9 illi fii. He wasted
    away with his illness.

    oabl}. 1-xaruuf

    ~~;;,

    dibaayi/.1

    ~~.) oablaan p. -iin


    1. wilted,
    withered. w'>'-1::. ~J)I r-rweed dablaan.
    The radishes are wilted. 2. wasted
    away, run down. ..:r-~ -~ (jJ.,, Lo

    w".>l!:.

    1.

    a sacrificial animal. ~~~.ill~


    I}_.Ull ....;....>- lal)am o-iJibaayil) yac{uuna
    l_lagg 1-fagaara. They give the meat of
    sacrificial animals to the poor.
    ~~~ maoaabib

    ma dri s-fee. baayin calee

    with him. He seems to be run down.


    u~j obn
    ~'-!.)

    oibbaan (coli.; less common var.


    y~;;, dbaab) flies. s. -a . .J ~ .J4.iJI
    ~~ o-dibbaan yikOar fi 1-geep. Flies
    increase in the summer.

    c;;J 1-'iJ/.Ia /aazim kill l)aajj yidba/.1


    oibiil)a. On the day of the Feast of
    Immolation every pilgrim has to have

    iJahlaan. I don't know what's wrong

    ...__,.;;, ~~ c.~ r/'1 ~~y, ~ j;

    ~~ maobab p.

    (~-i:!

    min 1-l}.arr. The lettuce wilted in the


    heat. ~~ .J
    ~~ ._,r. J.S' kill
    saay yiobal hini fi ~-~eef Everything

    oibal}.) l.

    slaughtered animal. J c}~ rj'i v ~I


    J ~~ ._;.....>- ~~.ill 1-micris /aazim
    yidfac
    Oaman iJ-dibaayi/.1 l)agg
    r)-puyuuf The bridegroom has to pay
    for the cost of the slaughtered animals
    tor the guests. 2. sacrificial animal. J

    slaughterhouse.

    oibal

    wither. _,..:1-1

    waajib caJa kill l}.aajj. Slaughtering (or


    sacrificing) a lamb is required of every
    pilgrim. 2. cutting someone's throat.
    ~;;, o~;;, J JrUll l_r j zaxxaw 1-gaati/
    w-obal}.oo cJah/.1. They caught the killer
    and brutally cut his throat.
    ~.)

    c-cabS

    .r

    e-'.) dahl}. (v.n. from


    slaughtering,

    ._;-.$JI

    killed, having been killed.

    tired from the work.

    c L> J.-5"

    C.r--1.1..

    1/-~.)
    ,J,J

    dabbaabi p. -yya flycatcher.

    j orr
    J.) oarr (coli.) ants, small ants. s. -a. p.
    -aat. J.U\ .:.r- ..l.J:.IJ wJWI ~ rj'~
    laazim nifCallam 1-tacaawun w-1-jidd
    min o-oarr. We ought to learn

    cooperation and hard work from ants.

    243

    oJ.)

    oarra p. -aat I. atom. 2. speck,


    mote. .JW-1 .y oJ::, ':J) o~ \.. ma c;nda
    wala oarra min 1-l:wnaan. He doesn't
    have a bit of affection. 3. small ant.
    ~ J.)

    oarri atomic. ~)::, ~ gunbula


    oarriyya atomic bomb.
    4-o.) ourriyya p. -aat
    offspring.

    descendants,

    t.J .j ore

    t IJ.)

    oraac p. .JuJ::, oircaan, ..:...is-iJ::,


    I. arm (of a person), forearm.
    ~~J~ a.._,;pll J--..,a>- Q0$$01 t-targiya
    b-oraaca. He got the promotion by his
    own effort. 2. (p . ..:...is-iJ::, -aat, tJ::,i
    'aoric) unit of measure(= approx. I Y2
    feet).
    -aat

    lj.J .j ory
    I.SJ.) oarra

    II

    to winnow (grain).

    1~1

    I) p-JI .J )J~ yoarruun /-burr fi


    1-hawa. They are winnowing wheat in
    the air.

    oJ.)J

    'iora (coli.) com. c;J::,l ~ ~zabbat


    'iora grain of com. ~ ~ t.. c;J::,~1
    1-'iora ma tif[ac hini. Com does not
    grow here. I_,A.,.:. oJ::,l 'iora $ajia maize.
    ~ oJ::,l 'iora bee{Ja sorghum.
    OJJ.) oarwa peak, apex, top (of power,
    happiness, success, etc.) o)J::, I) .r"'
    o.)L-..11 huwa fi oarwat s-sacaada. He
    is at the peak of happiness.

    ut .j

    IJCn

    ~.)i 'aocan (~..4 yiocin) to yield,


    submit, give in, obey. ~~ J->- .:r--4
    o.)~ yiOcin }Jagg illi yhaddida. He
    gives in to those who threaten him.
    ~..4 L. ~I ~ o_,_All ~ 4.k rJI

    s-sir{a tistacmi/ 1-guwwa bagg i//i ma


    yiocin. The police use force on those
    who do not obey.
    u~ .j ogn

    ,).) oagin p . .J _;::, oguun chin.


    .J~.:, okr

    ,;-5.)

    oikar (~..4 yaokur)


    I. to
    mention. .?~ ~ C"":!'J "-.il _?::, Oikar
    'inna raayib yiyi baatir. He mentioned
    that he was going to come tomorrow.
    ~\J.) .:.;-s- ._,r:. l$i .k....:l-1 I) _?"::, L ma
    oikar fi 1-xa!! 'ayya Sa.Y.JI can diraasta.
    He didn't mention anything about his
    studies in the letter. 2. to recall,
    remember. ~..;..IJL......~I ~ r~ _?'j;
    taokur yoom yiit 1-'imaaraat? Do you
    recall the day you came to the
    Emirates? (.>1.5:.11 La. ...:..1; .J' _?::,i \.. ma
    'aokur 'inni gilt hal-kalaam. I don't
    recall I have said these words. 3. to
    speak of, talk about. L(b -~j jL>. J
    ~4 o_?"..i.; rayyaalin zeen. daeyman
    naokura b-1-xeer. He is a good man.
    We always speak well of him.

    _;'.) oakkar II to remind, call to mind.


    r~ :.;, ~~ ~ _?::, oakkarni b-oiic
    1-'ayyaam. He reminded me ofthose
    days. ~) ~ l$_r.-!.i ~ _?::, :;._.?
    Qll/"!111/(j
    Oakkarafni 'a.sfiri CeeS
    w-simac. My wife reminded me to buy
    o.)l:!)4 ~ _?::,
    rice and fish. ~Js.)
    ~ oakkarta b-z-ziyaada IIi wacadni
    fiiha. I reminded him of the raise he
    had promised me . .j _?::, ..:.....,...... 1::,1 'ioa
    niseet oakkirni. Ifl forget, remind me.
    ~ ~ ..r-.ll4 !l_?"..4 \.. ""'_,.ll La. hal-weeh
    ma yoakkirk b-1-mudiir cali? Doesn't
    this face remind you of Director Ali?

    J.!'

    244
    .;.5"1~ oaakar III to learn, study one's
    lessons. JS .~ .J-! 1..:! 4#- ~IW. L..
    4---- JJ:. ~1J.i ...Loo..Qj ~ J-!. ma saa-{{a
    Ca/eeha ya bU cafi. kill yo0m fagcid
    ooaakir druussa. She is amazing, Abu
    Ali. Every day she sits down to study
    her lessons.

    JL...S"..U tiokaar

    p. -aat souvenir,
    memento. JLS J; l..i..J. .L.:. xio haaoa
    tiokaar. Take this as a souvenir.

    o.;.5"..U taokara p. _?'IJ; taoaakir 1.


    ticket, admission ticket. ~
    J..>di ~ _?'IJ; sugli gaW taoaakir
    l:zagg 1-matl:zaf My job is to sell tickets
    for the museum. J..>di .,}..1.J "} ~
    o_?'J; ~ ~ j'J gabil-la ddiSS 1-matl:zaf
    /aazim tigtac taokara. Before you
    enter the museum, you have to buy a
    ticket. _?'l..i.::JI !I~ subbaak t-taoaakir
    2. (bus, train,
    the ticket window.
    airplane) ticket. cpG,. C'!IJ o_?J; ~
    gitact taokara raayil:z yaay. I bought a
    round-trip ticket.

    Ji-:.

    .;.5"..U

    toakkar to remember, recollect.


    _? j; ooakkar 'inna
    laazim yruul:z 1-bariid. He remembered
    that he had to go to the post office. L..
    _?J;\ ma 'aooakkar. I don't remember.
    -4p-J1 [.J_r! ~ j''i .WI

    .;.5"~ oikir (v.n. from ?~ oikar) 1.


    mentioning, mention. ~I _?'~ 1-L,::.i
    nitbadda b-oikr affa. We begin with
    mentioning the Lord's name. ~b
    !I J-""1 _?' ~ LS oall:ziin Cinna b-oikir
    'uxuuk. We were just talking about
    your brother. ~.:>T_;JI <J _?~ .JI ~I l.4.
    has-sayy 'ila oikir ji 1-gur'aan? Is this
    thing mentioned in the Quran? ~
    ~~~~ cp~ ~ ,a..;JJ ~ _?~ cafa
    oikir bintak latiifa, su tsawwi oal/:ziin?
    Speaking of your daughter Latifa,
    what is she doing now? _?'j.JI C""'IJ
    waasic o-oikir widely known.
    2.
    religious ceremony in which the
    attributes of God are recited.
    .,;--5'~ oakar

    ;;,;,.,..Ji _?'~

    o.;-S"I..Lo muoaakara (v.n. from III }"b


    oaakar) studying
    one's lessons,
    learning.
    oy-5"1~ oaakira memory.

    J,s..Lo

    maokuur p. -iin (p.p. from.?~


    oikar) 1. mentioned. 2. said, abovementioned.

    0.r---5..Lo
    muoakkara
    p.
    -aat
    memorandum. ;; _?.i. ._:,_.,;. _,b J~'JI ;; .1-b
    "->l,..-..JI o)jJ ...;->- daayrat 1-'aafJaar
    tarrasat muoakkara l:zagg wazaarat
    s-siyaal:za.
    The
    department
    of
    antiquities sent a memorandum to the
    ministry of tourism.

    p. )y-S'~ oukuur male.

    ?I c-cabS oakarfi-ncaya

    c-cabS oakar li-ncaya. A ram is the


    male of an ewe.
    1.5 .,;--5'~ oikra p. ul:!_?~ -yaat I.
    remembrance, recollection. c..S _?~ ~ _,)1
    ~I ...L.lY' l-yoom oikra mawlid n-nabi.
    Today is the anniversary of the birth
    of the Prophet. 2. (p. -aat) memoirs,
    reminiscences.

    ~j o_?I~ .~

    cinda oaakira gawiyya. He has a


    strong power of recollection.

    'i ~ j

    oky
    l5~ oaka intelligence, brightness. \5'~
    ~ oakaa cajiib. He is very
    intelligent.
    ~~ oaki p.

    -yyiin, y~i 'aokiya

    245

    intelligent, bright, clever. ...;.JS' 4$'.)


    y...o.,., .:A.~~ J_,\11 ~ oakiyya
    killiS. tif[ac 1-'uu/a ca[a banaat ~ajjha.
    She is very intelligent. She ranks the
    first among her classmates.

    JJ ,j

    J-=1.)

    oaliil p. -iin,
    submissive, servile.

    u,;

    oil/a humble,

    J_,..J.) oaluul p. jl.) aula/ young female


    riding camel.

    4l.l.o maoal/a = j.) oull


    all

    J.)

    oall (J~ yoi/1) to be or become


    despised, contemptible, lowly. "'--.i.i
    r-" J) ~ J..i; nafsa ooill ca[a dirhim.
    He humiliates himself for a dirham.
    J....b ~i ~ j.) oal/ yacn; 'a~ba/:1
    aaliil. oall means he became servile.

    J-.1.) oallal

    II 1. to humble, humiliate.
    t"'""'J) ~ ..!.L.-,.i; j-J..i; "';} Ia ooal/i/
    nafsak ca[a dirhim. Don't humiliate
    yourself for a dirham. 2. to overcome,
    surmount. JS' . ::..m ..!,..l;..u:.L....... J~
    ..:;...~~\ maskuur. musaacadatak
    oal/alat kill ~-~ucuubaat. Thank you.
    Your help has overcome all the
    difficulties.

    J-l.i.r toallal V

    I. to lower, humble

    oneself, be humble. Jl.i.:: ...l>-i c~ ..:~


    .......J teen yi/:ltaaj 'a/:zad yiooall-la.
    Whenever he needs someone, he will
    humiliate himself for him. 2. to be
    overcome, be surmounted.
    ..::........ll..i; 1,.>"""\...U ~\ ..:;...~~\ kill
    $-~ucuubaat illi jiddami ooallalat. All
    the difficulties facing me have been
    overcome.

    J--S"

    J.) oul/ (v.n. from J,; oall) humiliation, submission, subjugation. lrol.&.
    J,; ~ caasaw cusat oull. They lived
    a life of humiliation. drs- Jl1 ,J.ill
    ~ L,. o-oul/, taal cumrak, rna
    yingabal. Subjugation, may you live
    long, is unacceptable.

    ..J I f> ,j omaar


    Jl...)

    oamaar Dhamar (city in Yemen).

    ..) ,. ,j omr

    .r'.i.r toammar V to complain, grum-

    ..r

    ble .
    JS' .y r.i.:: !J~ _~-.JJ":} Ia ddiir
    baa/! yiOoammar min kill sayy. He
    grumbles about everything.

    .;-..o.i.r taoammur (v.n. from V

    .r'..i;

    toammar) complaining, grumbling.


    ,. ,. ,j omm
    ~.) oamm (t~ yoimm) to find fault with
    .
    L,..
    i,._
    s.o., cnt1c1ze
    s.o. ...r="
    ...s-?' t ...L.
    yaimm geera ca[a maamiis. He finds
    fault with others for nothing. t~
    _r-..lll C ~ ..r-1 ~..l:.;;)\ yoimm t-tindeel
    bass yimda/:11-mudiir. He criticizes the
    supervisor but praises the manager.
    L.,..) oimma p. t"'"".) oimam
    1.
    conscience, moral sense. ~L.....il~
    b-o-oimma? Honestly! Really! ~~
    ~~ I~ ~ ~J...:.&. L. b-oimmati rna
    cindi Ci/im b-haaoa s-sayy. I swear I
    have no knowledge of this matter.
    ~~_,_.. _,.....;. ,~~ b-oimmatk, su
    sawweet? Honestly, what have you
    done? 2. financial obligation. JIJ "';}
    ~,; ~ Ia tazaal caza oimmta. She is
    still financially dependent on him.

    ~uj onb

    ~.)i 'aonab IV (~~ yionib) to


    commit a sin, a crime, an offense. 01

    u . .j

    246

    .u

    ..:...,.;~i J...l.,.a.}l ..:..Jj \....) J...l.,.a.}l

    J_,z ~

    ~;~1 ~.ill

    /~kaaOoo/iiki
    Catholicism.

    'in bilaft tguul $-$idj w-ma gilt $-$idj


    'aonabt. If you swear to tell the truth
    and you don't tell the truth, you have
    sinned.
    ~~ oanb p. y _,..;~ onuub I. sin,
    offense, misdeed. _r-----.b:. ~~ oanba
    xatiir. His sin is serious. 2. mistake,
    fault, error. ~~ \~~ y _,...... muub
    oanbi; oanbak It's not my fault; it's
    your fault. ~ ~ ~~ oanba ca[a
    jamba. He is at fault. It's his mistake.

    ~~

    oanab p. yli~\ onaab <J~ oeel is


    more common) tail. See under Jt,j j
    oyl.
    ~.i.o mionib (act. part. from IV ~~i
    'aonab) p. -iin 1. guilty. 2. sinner.

    uo :s ohb
    ~~ oahab (coil.) gold. JU "-;---"'..UI
    o-iJahab gaali. Gold is expensive.
    '-:--'!'~ ~ <.:...,!p....;.IJ J _,__ll ..:__..:,.. J ribt
    s-suug w-stireet bilga oahab. I went to
    the market and bought a gold ring.
    "-:----"~ ~ J-~ ~...L.A.JI u, JU o_y..L..!:.
    s-dacwa gaali hal-gadd? baayin ca[ee
    oahab. Why is it that expensive? It
    seems it's gold. ~~ ~L... saaca
    oahab gold watch.
    ~~

    oahabi golden, gold (color) . .J)


    15"'~ oJl:---)1 loon s-sayyaara iJahabi.
    The color of the car is gold . ..r~ .J)
    loon oahabi gold color.
    ~.i.o maohab

    denomination,

    p. "-;---"'l.i. maoaahib I.
    faith,

    religious

    denomination. (Y'-" 'i' c.) "-;---"'l.i. ~) .....,;


    jii 'arbac maoaahib ji /- 'islaam. There
    are

    four

    denominations in Islam.

    the

    1-maohab
    Catholic faith,

    ~.i.o moahhab gilded. y..L. ~


    $iiniyya moahhaba gilded tray. 0~ .r.
    ~..L. parda moahhaba gilded curtain.

    u-' .j

    ohn
    ~~ oihin p . .J\..I.~i 'aohaan mind.
    ~~ oihni intellectual, mental.

    Jl_;..

    ~~ su'aa/ oihni question requiring


    thought.

    IJ::A~

    oihiin clever, intelligent, bright.

    ~~i 'aohan (elat.) 1. (with ..:.r- min)


    more intelligent, brighter. 0-"'~i . . .,; \...
    .......:...o ma fii 'aohan minna. There isn't
    any other more intelligent person. 2.
    (with foiL n.) the most intelligent, the
    brightest . ..G-IJ 0-"'~i y. huwa 'aohan
    waabid. He is the most intelligent one.
    ~,J .j owb
    yl~

    oaab (y )-~ youub)


    1. to
    dissolve. o~I J yl~ ~I s-sakar
    oaab ji li-gahwa. The sugar dissolved
    ~I
    in the coffee. 2. to melt. c.)
    yl~ ._r>'.>LAJI 0-0alj illi ji li-glaa$ oaab.
    The ice in the glass has melted.

    Jll

    y J~ oawwab

    II

    I. to dissolve s.th.
    (,.)UI J _}:..;JI y J~ oawwab s-sakar fi
    c-caay. He dissolved the sugar in the
    tea. 2. to melt s.th. "-;---"'lll y J-4 ~~~
    $-$aayig yoawwib o-oahab. The
    jeweler is melting the gold.

    UJj owt
    ~~~ oaat 1. self, ego . ..:.>ill\

    bubb
    o-oaat egoism, self-love, selfishness.
    2. self. ~~~ IJL>.- yaw b-oaattum.
    <..,-->"

    247
    They came themselves. \,?""',; ~~~ .J'b
    huwa b-oaata rammasni. He himself
    talked to me. ~~~ -I>: b-l)add oaata in
    itself, by itself. '~j Lfjl~ -I>: ti,1; _,ll
    .:r-i _rll J.-ll ..,.-~1-wa(Jiifa b-badd
    oaatta zeena, bass [_camal 1-l)urr
    'al)san. Employment in itself is good,
    but business is better.
    ..:JIJ.) oawaat, as in ..::.>I)~ ..:,r-~1 'ibin
    oawaat person from a prominent
    family.
    ~1.)

    oaati self-produced, self-acting.

    -JI~ ~ l)ukum oaati autonomy, self-

    rule.

    ..t., ~

    owg

    Jl.) oaag (J )~ youug) 1. to taste,


    sample. .:r-j .w1 JuJ J-5'\11 Jl~ oaag
    [- 'akil w-gaal 'inna zeen. He tasted the
    food and said it was good . ...::..J~ !.1 _,.s~J.S\11!,. cumrakougt hal-'akil? Have
    you ever tasted this food? 2. to
    experience, undergo,
    suffer. Jl~
    .r----11 l) yl.i....JI oaag f-caoaab ji
    s-sijin. He experienced torture in jail.
    ..J-:!f"\11 Jl~ oaag 1-'amarreen. He went
    through hell. He suffered the greatest
    hardships.

    JJ.1:.,.,1 staowag X to like, appreciate,

    relish. ~I,; . ~j) ~) ~ r_,..]I J y.)l


    ....; ).l::........i r-riyuug 1-yoom bee{J w-jibin
    w-zibid. raayil) tistaowiga. Breakfast
    today is eggs, cheese, and butter. You
    are going to like it. I,S"""'i ~ JJ~i
    'astaowig tabx 'ummi. I appreciate my
    mother's cooking.
    ~h~ ooog

    1. taste (of food, clothing,


    etc.). 2. manners, sense of propriety,
    tact. ~ .UJ~ oooga saliim. He has

    good taste.

    JJ ~

    owl
    JJ.) oool, "Y J~ ooola.

    See under lh

    haaoa.

    tl ~

    oy

    IJ.) oii, <;l...Jt, haaoi. See under

    lh

    haaoa.

    ~tl ~ oyb
    "':-/,.) oiib p.
    ~~~ .klr"

    Y4~

    oyaab wolf. (prov.)

    .:r-- ":--:!.lll ~ ._}.!.) wee

    ca[a o-oiib min oraa{ li-ncaya? (lit.,


    "What harm can the fart of a ewe do to
    the wolf?"). L..ll; "':--:!~ oiib (Jalma very
    courageous person.

    5tl ~ aye
    ~.) oiic, ~h haoiic that (f.), that
    one (f.). See under !.Ill.. haoaak.

    .Jtl ~

    oyd
    ~.)

    oeed beautiful oasis in Sharja.

    ..Jt.j ~ oyr
    oaar (.r-it. yoiir) 1. to avoid, keep
    away from. JL..,.,. )1 ll.J, .:.rs- r-.l.i rj"Y
    laazim ooiir can haaoa r-rayyaal.
    You've got to avoid this man . .:.r ,;~i
    _;-k.3-l 'aoir can 1-xa{ar. Keep away
    2. to go far away,
    from danger.
    become distant. ~ )1 .:.rs- ,;~.:. ~I
    1-biciir oaar can 1-marca. The camel
    went far away from the grazing land.
    ~~I ~ ...::..> ,;~ ~ lees oirt can
    1-majlis? Why didn't you attend the
    council meeting?

    )I.)

    til .j

    oyc

    (.I.) oaac (e7~ yoW) 1. to broadcast,

    transmit. ~ ~WI p::l-1 l_yb oaacaw

    248
    1-xabar s-saaca xams. They broadcast
    the news at five o'clock. ~I lyl~
    ...:;... ~I .J ~ ~IJ oaacaw 'inhum
    raay/:liin yfattsuun li-byuut. They
    broadcast that they were going to
    search the houses.
    2. to spread,
    circulate. <.l"UI ~ t.l~ p--:ll 1-xabar
    oaac been n-naas. The news became
    widespread among the people.
    (.l.i..il VII noaac = t.l~ oaac.
    ~~~!

    'ioaaca 1. broadcasting. ul~!


    J~ \11 'ioaacat 1-'axbaar broadcasting

    of the news. 4....&-1~)'1 ~ ma/:la!(at


    1- 'ioaaca the broadcasting station. 2.
    announcement, disclosure.
    3. (p.
    ...:;...\.&.1~! 'ioaacaat) broadcasting station.

    t-!.1..

    muoW p. -iin radio or television


    announcer.

    J(j j oyt
    ~~ oeel p. J.J--!~ oyuul 1. tail (of an

    animal, a bird, an airplane). 2. hem,


    border. y _rll J~ oeel e-eoob the hem
    Of the dress. ~l_,Ji J~ oee/[-cabaaya
    the hem of the aba.

    I.; raa

    j;L..A.II ._,.IJ IJ.l.......,..:. xaou raas 1-gaatil.

    IJ raa name of the letter Jr.

    .J oJ I.; raadw
    J.)IJ raadu
    J.li.-JI

    p . ..:...l;.liJ -waat radio. l..:..u:-'

    .:r J~ \11 simacna 1-'axbaar min

    r-raadu. We heard the news on the


    radio.

    l,j ~.) I.; raazjy


    ~ jiJ

    raazji (coli.) white flowers.


    (unit noun unknown).
    tjM-..; r's

    ~iJ ri'as (<.J"i.r-yir'as) to lead, be at the


    head, be in charge. <.J"iJ ~~ ~
    ~t. ~ 'YI man illi ri'as 1-'ijtimaac?
    Who chaired the meeting? ~~ <.J"iJ
    ri'as
    1-lajna.
    He chaired the
    committee.

    They beheaded the killer. (prov.) ._,.IJ


    ~,>L14 ,;:--k J L-....l4 raasin b-s-sima
    w-tiizin b-1-maay. Fair without and
    foul within. (lit., "A head in the sky
    and a rear end in the water."). 2. head
    of ... ~ ._,.,J raas ganam head of
    sheep. ~ ._,.,J raas xass head of
    lettuce. ~ <.J"IJ raas b~al an onion.
    3. top, summit, peak. ~~ ...r''J raas
    1-yibal the top of the mountain . ..J""J
    ~~ raas 1-xeema Ras Al-Khaima.
    U>...:..ll ._,.IJ raas li-nxafa the top of the
    palm tree. 4. beginning. ~~ ...r'J
    raas s-sahar the first of the month.
    ~~ '-"''J raas s-sana the beginning of
    the year. WI J"''J ~ c;;d raas s-sana
    New Year's Day. t!w~' J' JJ ruus
    l-'a$aabic tiptoes.

    ~j.) ra"as II (less common var . ..,r-J


    raY.Jias) to appoint as leader or head,
    .!,L...iJ ~,-.J.ll r:...
    place in charge.
    minu 1/i ra"ask hini? Who made you
    the boss here?

    JLriJ raasmaal capital. fmancial

    ~f_;J tra"as V to lead, head, be in


    charge. r-'~1 ~ J! l.i..tiJ '-""i; tra"as
    wafdana 'ila hay'at 1-'umam. He
    headed our delegation to the United
    Nations.

    4.:}1.1:"1.) raasmaaliyya capitalism.

    ~~J raas p. U" )J ruus I. head. ~\J

    university president. IJj)' ~ J ra'iis


    1-wuzara the prime minister. ~ J
    t.....!-lWI ra'iis 1-ba/adiyya the mayor.
    .JUJ \11 ..r---) J ra'iis 1- 'arkaan the chief
    of staff (mil.). 2. head, leader. boss.
    chief. or.I..U\ ._r-;.J ra'iis d-daayra the

    \s-"

    ~ J.JA!.

    raasi ycawwirni. I have a


    headache. ~\J ..:.,.JY cawwart raasi.
    You gave me a headache. )~ 1,)"'\J
    raasi daar. I was confused. Jl>- "-"'J
    raasa baarr. He is bad-tempered.

    assets.
    1. capitalistic.
    capitalist. j~IJ ~lh.; nioaam raasmali
    capitalist system. (p. -yyiin) capitalist.

    JLriJ raasmaali

    ...r}.) ra'iis p. l... JJ ru'asa 1. president.


    ..::.,.1)- )'I LJ J,) ~ J ra'iis daulat
    1-'imaaraat the president ofthe U.A.E.
    L .....t:~:-1 ..r---} J ra'iis 1-yaama the

    250

    head of the department. ~~~ ~J


    ra'iis [-ci$aaba the leader of the gang.
    r-.r=JI ._r--}J ra'iis t-ta}J.riir thee
    in-chief.
    ~.)

    ra'iisi main, chief, principal.


    ~)I ~I s-sabab r-ra'iisi the
    main reason. ~ J tJW. saaric ra'iisi
    main street. ~ J J)~ door ra'iisi
    leading role.
    L...Li.) ri'aasa (informal var. L\..!J
    riyaasa) 1. presidency, presidentship.

    the prime
    m1mstry, the premiership.
    2.
    chairmanship. L..;.;.,..lll L......\..!J riyaasat
    l-lajna the committee chairmanship.
    ~I L\..!J riyaasat l-jamciyya the
    chairmanship of the association.
    IJj)l J.....UJ ri'aasat l-wuzara

    ~JJr mar'uus (p.p. from U'iJ ri'as) p.


    -iin subordinate, underling.

    J (;...; r'f
    Ji; ri'af ( ....;if- yir'aj) to show mercy,
    be kind, merciful. p.A.A.JI ~ JiJ ri'af
    ca[a l-fagiir. He was kind to the poor
    person.

    J JJ.J ra'uuf p.
    compassionate.

    -iin

    merciful,

    r-raay [-caamm (the) public opinion.

    4t.IJ raaya p. -aat banner, flag.


    ~r mrayya

    p. -aat mirror, looking

    glass.
    "":' "":' ..; r bb

    I. lord, master. ~I y J
    rabb !-beet the provider, the head of
    the family. ~I ~J rabbat !-beet the
    homemaker, the housewife. 1..! ,....,... J 1..!
    !~J ya rabb, ya rabbi! my Lord! my
    God! y ~I r-rabb God. 1..1,..,. _r;. 'LsU 1..!
    ya rabbi su haaoa? My God, what's
    this? .:r.,lWI y J rabb [-caalamiin. God,
    the Lord of the Universe. (prov.) LS-J
    ~ LS rabbi kama xalagtani. (u;ed
    to describe someone who never
    changes). (lit., "I am, my God, the
    same as you created me."). 2. (only in
    p. yL) 'arbaab)
    a. proprietors,
    owners, as in jl_,......i ...,.,~) 'arbaab
    'amwaal capitalists. ~~ yl...)
    'arbaab 1-}J.ukum the rulers. b. (adj.)
    well-l,iked, respected, refined. ...r-!-J
    '-:-"~) rayyis 'arbaab well-liked boss.
    ...,.,~) JL>.. J rayyaal 'arbaab refined
    gentleman.
    Y J rabb

    "-! u.) rbaaba p. -aat stringed musical


    instrument resembling the fiddle.
    M

    'i (;...; ry
    ':?iJ

    ra'i no p. (more common var. l>IJ


    raay) opinion, view. ~~IJ _,.....:;, su
    raayak? What do you think? ill Lo
    ~<,?IJ ma lak raay? Don't you have
    your own opinion? _r.:--:. ~IJ raayak
    nsiir? Do you think we should go?
    _r---k.>. t~ )1 l.l...A. 01 ~IJ raayi 'inna
    haaoa l-maw9uuc xatiir. I am of the
    opinion that this case is serious. ~IJ J
    fi raayi in my opinion. ~L.JI (.,?1.)1

    C"":'..;

    rb}J.

    i:!:""!.J riba}J. ((:-!.r- yirbab) 1. to gain,


    profit. tJ.rJI if ~ J~ 0 _r-L. ~ C:!J
    ribab xamsa malyoon dirhim min
    1-masruuc. He gained five million
    dirhams from the project. ~~ ,:_,--}-~~ 0 ~ C:!J ~I min oiic $-$ajga
    ribab malyoon diinaar. On that deal
    he made a million dinars. 2. to win.

    251

    ~ _,J ~; _,J lo tirba/:1 lo txasir.


    Either you win, or lose. ..:...>;J o~\
    ~J::J ....A-li 1-bitaaga rbi/:lat 'a If dirhim.
    The ticket won a thousand dirhams.
    ~f.. U ..,;Si JL...i!l l) ~ yxasir fi
    1-gimaar 'ak8ar mim-ma yirba/:1. He
    loses more than he gains in gambling.
    ~J rabba/:1 II to make s.o. gain, grant
    s.o. a profit, allow s.o. to profit. .:.4~
    ..L.,_;,.,.\)

    ~).

    ;;.;

    all

    oiic

    ~-~afka

    rabba/:latni waayid. That transaction


    made me a large profit.

    ~J rib/:! p. C ~) 'arbaa/:1 1. profit,


    gain. ~ J::J J _,...J.. d.......J- ~~I C ~)
    'arbaa/:1 s-sarika xamsa malyoon
    dirhim. The company made a five
    million dirham profit. 2. interest (on
    money). ~')L...,'jl l) ~\_r !.lr.JI if(:!)
    r-rib/:1 min
    li-bnuuk /:laraam fi
    1- 'islaam. Interest from banks is not
    allowed in Islam.
    ~Ls.J rab/:laan p. -iin gainer, winner,
    profiter. J\~1 ...:.....,;i) 0\_,;:, )I
    huwa
    r-rabf:zaan w-inta 1-xasraan. He is the
    winner and you are the loser.

    ~~J

    raabif:z (act. part. from c;'J ribaf:z)

    I. having gained, won. ._o.J\ C:-''J y.


    J~::J

    huwa raabif:z 'alf diinaar. He has


    gained one thousand dinars. 2. (adj.)

    winning. ~1)1 ~)I r-ragam r-raabi/:1


    the winning number.
    ~..) ~..) rbrb

    y ;-J..) rabrab (Y .r-!f.. yrabrib) to


    chatter, talk aimlessly. \~ d.-# L.
    yr.) u--1 ma cafeek minha, bass
    trabrib. Don't pay attention to her.
    She just chatters.

    ~.J!J

    rabraba chattering, gibberish.


    u ~) li-wees
    har-rabraba? majihamt sa,Y.Y. What's
    this gibberish for? I don't know what's
    going on.
    ~ ~ L.. ~~..r.)

    .,r.f.J rabrabi p. -,Y.Ya, -iin talkative,


    chatterbox. '-?'-f.J .(.>1.5JI ':Jl o~ L. ma
    c;nda 'ilia 1-kalaam. rabrabi. He has
    nothing but words. He's a chatterbox .

    L.....:!.i-J rabrabi,Y.Ya p. -aat female


    chatterbox.
    ~Y.J rbs
    ~J

    ribas (._;..;f.. yirbis) 1. to confuse


    s.o. ~
    ribasni b-/:lacya. He
    confused me with what he said. 2. to
    mess up s.th. ;; f..I...UI L,.,. l) ~\1JI ._;..,; ':J
    Ia tirbis n-ni(Jaam ji had-daayra.
    Don't mess up the system in this
    department.

    r.J

    ~} 'arbas IV =

    ._;..;J ribas

    J-;iJ I rtibas VIII 1. to be confused,


    mixed up. ~ ~i .:.;--- ~f.. yirtabis
    min 'agall sa,Y.Y. He gets confused for
    the slightest thing. \1_;-ii UJ ~ ':J
    ~) <..S ~ Ia t/:laCi w-aana 'alia, tara
    'artibiS. Don't talk while I am reading;
    otherwise I will get mixed up.
    ~J rabsa confusion, disorder, mess.
    v"_,...L.JI

    l_y jJ ~ ~J

    ...::...> }~.:>

    ~aarat
    li-jluus.

    rabsa /:liin-ma wazzacaw


    There was confusion when they
    distributed the money. J ~J y J\.5'"

    J _,.......JI caan fii rabsa fi s-suug. There


    was disorder in the marketplace.
    ~

    mirtibis p. -iin confused, mixed

    up. ~ r \J~ ~ L.. ma yf:zaCi

    252

    cadit;
    mirtibiS. He doesn't
    properly; he's confused.

    ~J rab{a (n. ofinst.) p. -aat bunch,

    talk

    bundle.
    ~~J raabi{a p..k-h; rawaabit

    .b ~.J rbt

    bond, tie.
    fii
    raabi{at ,vadaaga beenna. There is a
    bond of friendship between us. 2.
    league, union, association. ~ 1 )
    y')l....__.'il r-raahi{a 1-'islaamiyya the
    Muslim League. y .rJI y"))....hll ~;
    raabi{at {-{ullaab l_carab the Arab
    Student League.

    ~J ribat (~.r- yarbut) I. to tie up,

    bind. 4.k_r!JI OJ.l...,.:.J ~ o~;J o_rj


    zaxxoo w-ribtoo b-babil w-xaooo
    s-sir{a. They caught him, tied him up
    with a rope, and took him to the
    police. 2. to fasten, tie, attach ...hul
    !rl.)-1 'urbut li-/:lazaam! Fasten the seat
    belt! o~4 J J)-1 ~; riba{ 1-xaruuf
    b-s-syara. He tied the lamb to the tree.
    3. to connect. ~ .J-! ~.r- .r->' .Y L.
    ..::..o4..l.A.....-l4 ma fii jisir yarbu{ bu (Jabi
    b-s-sacdiyyaat. There is no bridge that
    connects Abu Dhabi with Sadiyaat
    (Island). 4. attach, annex . .JI.J:!~ I~;
    ..k...,b:..:ll o)j.J--! ~)I rib{aw diiwaan
    1-muwa(J(Jafiin b-wazaarat 1-tax{iit.
    They
    attached the civil service
    commission to the ministry of
    planning.
    ~J rabbat II = ~; ribat
    ~)" trabbat V to be tied up, bound.

    .k..;;l rtibat VIII I. to bind oneself,


    commit oneself. ..u:. )4 ~) rtiba{na
    b-1-mawcid We got tied up with the
    appointment.
    2. to be connected.
    ~~ oJ~l ~) rtib{at s-sayyaara
    b-1-/:labi/. The car was connected with
    the rope.
    ~J rabt (v.n. from ~J riba!)

    connecting, attaching. ~J .Y L. ~
    l)acya ma .fii rabt. His words don't
    ' .c ~
    J L-.11
    ..l::u.J
    m ake sense. ...L....A..
    . . L. u-:--

    rabt s-sayyaarteen b-/:labil ma yfiid.


    Connecting the two cars with a rope
    doesn't help.

    I.

    ~ Ul...l....., ~ 1 ; ~

    ..k _J-J.f marbuu{ (p.p. from ~; riba!)


    I. tied up, bound.
    2. fastened,
    attached. 3. connected. 4. attached,
    annexed.

    ..h...:Jr

    mirtibi{ p. -iin committed, tied


    up, tied down . ._,."))~ ..h....,.;/ mirtihi{
    b-ka/aama committed to his words.
    ~ _r. .h..,;/ mirtibit b-mcrucid tied up
    with an appointment.

    ~,J rbc

    t"!J

    rabbac II to quadruple, increase


    fourfold. ~J I~JJ o_,.......1A; nigloo
    w-rabbacaw raatba. They transferred
    him and quadrupled his salary .

    ~~J

    raabac III to befriend s.o ..


    associate closely with s.o. ~':} ~1..:...;';
    JL..>.- J ..}_r> raabacnaa linna xoos
    rayyaal. We made friends \\ith him
    because he is a good man. (prov.)
    <; Jl-.->. C:---!'J ':i J ..; J'J t-"!'J raabi'
    waawi wa-la traabic /:lasacrwi. (lit..
    "Befriend a jackal and don't befriend
    one from Al-Hasa."). (prov.)

    t:::-'J ,y

    ~~I t"!IJ .y J 4.}- ~~ man


    raabac li-~alliin $Gila, w-man raabac
    li-mganniin ganna. A man is kno\\n

    253

    by the company he keeps. Birds of a


    feather flock together.

    t""!J rabic

    1. friends, associates (s. C::!J


    ribUC but rarely used). 1.,/'"!J rabci my
    friends, my associates. kL...u .:.r- r
    huwa min rabcak? Is he one of your
    friends?
    2. relatives. l.r--->"IJ ~J
    ~ )>-) rabci raal)aw w-xa!!ooni. My
    ;elatives went and left me.

    rube p. t. ~) rbaac quarter, onefourth, fourth part. J~:;, C;::'-J rube


    diinaar quarter of a dinar. t. \;) 4...~
    8alatt rbaae three-fourths. V'}AJI (::!J
    rube /i-fluus one-fourth of the money.
    ~J) :L->- ~L.JI s-saaea xamsa wrube. It's a quarter past five.
    ~.)

    t. L!J

    rbaae (less common var. ~\;J


    rbaaciyya) p. -yyaat six-year old
    female camel.
    ~.) rubea p. -aat roobbah (weight)= 4

    lbs. ..bL-6.)1 ~) r--5~ cam rubeat


    !-tamaat? How much is a robbah of
    tomatoes? ~)I ~ ):;, 0rs- easara
    dirhim r-rubca. Ten dirhams per

    rob bah.

    t"iJ rabiie

    I. spring, springtime. ~

    ~)I fa~il r-rabW the spring season.


    ~)I ~ eutzat r-rabW the spring

    vacation,

    the spring break. L.. ~)I

    ~ J~ r-rabiie rna y{awwil hini.

    L,,_o!)i 'arbaca p. -aat I. four. ~) ~~

    'abi 'arbaca. I want four. ~) ~)


    'arbaca w-xamsiin fifty-four. ~)) ~I
    'imya w-'arbaca one hundred and four.
    2. (with foil. money and weights) ~)
    J 'j ):;, 'arbaca duulaar four dollars.
    ).$' ~) 'arbaca keelu four kilograms.
    3. (with foil. n.) ~) 'arbac, ~)
    'arbacat. J-J~ e:-ul 'arbac bacaariin
    four camels. 4. (with foil. suff. pron.)
    ~) 'arbacat. ~) IJL.,. yaw
    'arbacattum. The four of them came.

    ~} 'arbaetaeas (common var.

    . . i 'arbaetaesar) fourteen.

    ~)

    ~i

    ~)i 'abi 'arbactaeas. I want


    fourteen.
    (with foil. n.) ~)
    'arbactaesar.
    L.._;,.\..:.,.:;, .)
    !)
    'arbaetaeasar
    diyaaya
    fourteen
    chickens.

    ~} 'arbaciin forty. ~ ~)
    'arbaeiin nafar forty people. ~\; J.>:~l.r ~J ':;1)
    eali
    ba~ba
    w-1- 'arbaeiin baraami Ali Baba and
    the forty thieves.

    t._)--!)l r-rubuue, t..J-!) i .J-!. yoom


    r-rubuue Wednesday, on Wednesday.
    o _,_l;JI ~ t.J--!) r-rubuue eugb
    8-8uluu8.
    Wednesday
    is
    after
    Tuesday. t_.J--!)1 i ~~ 1-yoom r-rubuue.
    Today is Wednesday.

    Spring doesn't last long here. JJi (:iJ


    rabW 'awwal Rabia I (the third

    t.J--!J.. yarbuue p. ~1.1- yaraabW


    j erboa, desert rat.

    Islamic month). J~ C:;!J rabW 8aani


    Rabia II (the fourth Islamic month). 2.

    t"!IJ raabie fourth (ordinal). i ~ C::!IJ


    raabie yoom the fourth day, on the

    grass, herbage. ~~)I \;.....!Jil)

    fourth day. ~I )I i _,..:ll l) fi l-yoom


    r-raabie on the fourth day. ~y-:.i ~~J
    raabieeum 'uxuuy. The fourth one of

    ~I ou)J

    ji s-sita r-rabW yif[ae

    w-tircaa l-ganam. In the winter grass


    grows and sheep and goats feed on it.

    them is my brother.

    254
    mrabbac (p.p. from II t::J rabbac)
    1. squared, square. C;:!..r' J-- ~
    xamsiin mitir mrabbac fifty square
    meters. 2. (p. -aat) square (geom.). 3.
    square, raised to the power of two
    (math.).
    ~r

    J ~..J

    rbl

    -.HJ

    rabat (coli.) rubber. 0 y. ~


    J.)i yistaxirjuun r-rabal min
    s-siyar.
    Rubber is obtained (or
    extracted) from trees.
    ~I .y

    'ISU..J
    -.

    rby

    ~J

    rabba II 1. to raise, bring up. 1.sU


    ~j ~; .U~ rabba cyaa{a tarbiya
    zeena. He raised his kids well. 2. to
    raise, breed. C \.>..~ 0 Y...T- .:.r--l>.-1) ._,...Li l)
    tJrll l) fii naas waaydiin yrabbuun
    diyaay fi 1-mazaaric. There are many
    people who raise chickens on farms.
    3. to cause to grow, grow. 4..)- ..J 1.sU
    d.l:_,k rabbaa-la lil;ya tawiila. He grew
    himself a long beard.

    ,s.j trabba V 1. to be raised, brought


    up, reared. u y.i ~ l) ~j ~; ~;
    trabbat tarbiya zeenafi beet 'ubuuha.
    She was well brought up in her
    father's home. 2. to be punished, to
    learn a lesson. ~u L.... J IS'-)) o~~
    ~t; o_,.- ~J-:! (Jarboo w-trabba w-ma
    caad ysawwiiha marra ()aanya. They
    hit him; he learned a lesson, and he
    has never done it again.

    4-J

    tarbiya (v.n. from II <..5-J rabba)


    I. bringing up, upbringing, raising.
    ~ ~L.... Jl::Ji ~; tabiyat fi-cyaaf
    ma-hi b-sahla. Raising children is not
    easy. ~j ~; \~) trabbaw tarbiya
    zeena. They were well brought up. 2.

    education, instruction. ~_;JI o)jJ


    wazaarat t-tarbiya the ministry of
    education.
    3. breeding, raising (of
    animals).
    ribyaan (coli.) shrimp. s. -a.
    J\..j;. v--1 ~ ._;....J5' 0y)l r-ribyaan
    kill is tayyib bass gaali. Shrimp is very
    delicious but it's expensive. 0l.u ..:..
    kaleet ribyaan. I ate shrimp . ...:....l...a>- L.
    J_r-JI l) 0l..:!J ma /;a$$alt ribyaanfi
    s-suug. I didn't fmd shrimp in the
    marketplace.
    IJL-:u

    ~J

    rabiiba p. -aat female peregrine.

    4-J

    rubbiyya p. -yyaat rupee (Indian


    coin = U.A.E. dirham= Qatari riyal).
    dual 08J rubbiiteen.

    "(,j~..J

    rby

    ~J

    rabba II to give birth, bear a


    child . ...LJJ ~~J ...,...........i ~J ~.r
    l;urumti rabbat 'ams w-yaabat ~a/ad.
    My wife gave birth to a baby boy
    yesterday.
    ~u..J rtb
    ~J

    rattab II I. to arrange, put into


    proper order, organize. ..:...~\ ~J
    r-)}1 J-->- ~.b:. J rattab t-talabaat
    w-xaohum l;agg 1-waziir. He arranged
    the applications and took them to the
    minister. i _,JI J>.<>" ~J rattabat l;ijar
    n-noom. She straightened up the
    bedrooms. 2. to prepare, arrange (y Y'
    hazzab is more common). See under
    ":-".johzb.
    ~ j trattab V 1. to be arranged, put
    into proper order. L.... ~ ..:...~\ U.
    ~) hat-talabaat bacad ma trattabat.
    These papers haven't been arranged

    255

    yet. 2. (with ~ cala) to be the result


    or consequence of s.th . ..._,..;fi _,.:;. r.$ J..JJ
    ~I..W. ~ ~ tidri su yilrattab ca[a
    camalak haaoa? Do you know what's
    going to result from this action of
    yours?
    rutba p. .._,....;J rutab rank. Jl ~;
    traffac 'ila rutbat {Jaabi(. He
    was promoted to the rank of officer.

    4".)

    ~~ ~J

    .J tartiib (v.n. from II ..._,..;J rattab)

    1. order,
    arrangement. ~ ..;-.-J~
    b-t-tartiib in order, one by one. lyijJl
    ~.r--J~ JY.L.......b 'oogafu {aabuur
    b-t-tartiib. Stand in line, one by one.
    ...,..._..-;; ~ .:.r--" min geer tartiib
    disorderly, in confusion. 4.....o _rll ...:-....;J
    ,j-!.j ~; ~ rattabat 1-f.zurma betta
    tartiib zeen. The wife straightened up
    her home very well.
    2. (p. -aat)
    measures, steps. 4.....o j':>UI ..::..>~pll ~
    c;mi/ t-tartiibaat 1-laazma. He took the
    necessary measures.
    ~~.) raatib p. ~IJJ rawaatib
    (common var. ,_f\....,.,. macaaS) salary,
    pay, stipend. ~~ t) JL:!.:. ~i -~IJ
    raatba 'alfeen diinaar fi s-sabar. His
    salary is two thousand dinars a month.
    .:;.~ ...,_..;IJ .J 1_,;r' $Grafuu-la raatib
    sahreen. They paid him a two-month
    salary. JL.)..I ..U ~ ~IJ raatbi cala
    gadd 1-f.zaal. My salary is not up to
    much. My salary doesn't go far.
    ~.;' murattab (p.p. from II .._,....;J
    rattab)
    I. arranged, organized. 2.
    -~
    neat, orderly. L::!j JJ..ft, 0
    ~ J murattabiin. yilibsuun hduum
    zeena w-na(Jiifa. They are neat. They
    wear good and clean clothes.

    _,.

    a. .J u..;
    I.JM
    rtws
    ~

    ~[..;

    y J rituus retouching (phot.).

    rjb

    ~ J rajah Rajah (name of the


    seventh month of the Islamic
    calendar).

    [[..J rjj
    [.J rajj (r_r- yrujj) to shake, rock. (.J

    'Y ~ u jJI rujj 1-garsa


    gabil-la tisrab d-duwa. Shake the
    bottle before you take the medicine.
    JWI -J ~ )..UI (_J rajj d-daar b-$OOta
    1-caa/i. He shook the house with his
    loud voice.
    IJ..UI ._,.., ~

    ~JI

    rtajj VIII to be shaken, to shake.


    .l.WI ..::.-..i.)
    rtajjat 1-balad min $OOt f-{aayraat
    1-barb~vya. The city shook from the
    noise of the fighter planes.
    ~_rll ui_~-L.6JI ..::..> _,- .:..r-'

    [_J rajj (v.n. from (_J rajj) shaking,


    rocking.
    ~J

    raJ}a (n. of inst.) one act of


    shaking, shock, concussion.

    C[..J rjl:z
    ~.) rajja!:z
    II
    to prefer, give
    preference to, favor. f.$1.)1 c-"'") L..;\
    JUI 'aana 'arajji/:z r-raay fJ-fJaani. I
    prefer the other opinion.

    ~---':)

    'arjal:z (only in certain


    expressions) c-"'" J '11 ~ cala l-'arjab
    most probably, most likely. ~
    ~4 ...; _,.::.i E") '11 caza 1-'arjal)j 'acuufa
    baatir. Most probably, I will see him
    tomorrow. Jl c-"'" J '11 .:..r-- min 1- 'arjab
    'inn it's most likely that. ..;I E" J '11 .y
    ~ y.. ~IJ min l-'arjab 'inna raayil)

    256

    ywaafig. It's most


    going to agree.

    likely that he's

    ~~.)

    raajib
    l. preferable, more
    acceptable. ~1 1 t?'J I L haaoa raay
    raajib. This is a preferable opinion. 2.
    having more weight, superior in
    weight (i.e., a merchant's weight).
    ~\J __,...l.:S" ~ .!1~ ca{aak (}neen
    keelu raajbiin. He gave you more than
    two kilograms. ~1 1 J jJ I...LJ. haaoa
    wazin raajib. This is more than a fair
    weight.

    t.[.J r)C
    rijac (t:="" .1- yirjac) 1. to return,
    come back, come again. .:..r-- ...:.-...>.- J
    ..r----i ~~ _,.,.......JI rijact min s-sucuudiyya
    'ams. I returned from Saudi Arabia
    yesterday. ~; ~ J ()J ruub w-la
    tirjac. Go and don't come back. ~
    !c---=) -~~IJ (J~ Ia truub
    wiyyaahum. 'irjacf Don't go with
    them. Go back! 11 _,..J ~) 'irjac
    la-wara! Back up! Move back! E' J
    ~I ~J ....W. Jl rijac 'ila cagfa
    w-ba({al s-sikir. He came to his senses
    and quit drinking. v')IS" l) E' J rijac fi
    kalaama. He went back on his word.
    2. to recur, come back, return. 1 l........ \II
    ~ J WWI /- 'ascaar {-caalya rijcat.
    High prices recumed. ~~ ~ E' J
    rijac ~wrr !-gee(). The summer heat
    came back. ~ t:="" J ..}:>_rll !-mara()
    rijac ca[ee. His sickness returned. 3.
    ~.)

    to resume, begin again. ')L:JI Jl E' J


    rijac 'ila c-Claax. He resumed telling
    lies. 4. to go back, revert to, become
    again. ~.r t:="" J rijac marii(J. He
    became ill again.
    $Gllabta
    bass

    cr E' J
    rijac

    (...)'""!

    caway.

    straightened it but it turned crooked


    again. 5. (with Jl 'ila) to depend on,
    rely on. ~ Jl t:="" .1- I...LJ. haaoa
    yirjac 'ila siimatk. This depends o~
    your character. ~
    .J>-~
    l.. Lil
    <L.J t:="" .1- 'aana ~aa-li daxil. kif~ saw
    yirjac-[a. It's none of my busmess.
    Everything is up to him. 6. to go back,
    be traceable. Jl t:="" .1- ~i J _,J~
    -.....:s.I_;JI yguuluun 'a$lahum yirjac 'ila
    1-faraacna. They say that their
    ancestry goes back to the Pharaohs. 7.
    (with ~ can) to withdraw from,
    revoke, go back on. ~IJ .y- E' J rijac
    can raaya. He changed his mind. E'" J
    o...U. J .y- rijac can wacda. He broke his
    promise. ~% ~ (:::-"'" J rijac can
    kalaama. He went back on his word.

    J5'

    ~.)

    rajjac II 1. to return, give back


    s.th. or s.o. ~ JJ J y. ~y...;.l stireet
    juuti w-rajjacta. I- bought a pair of
    shoes and returned them. <L.J ~ J
    oJl:-JI rajjact-la s-sayyaara. I returned
    the car to him. I gave him back his car.
    ~~ L. ~ _,.._;:JI U ~ J 6$' _r!JI
    ._,..._,.lA.JI s-sarika rajjacat la-na 9-(Jaww
    cugub-ma
    difacna li-fluus. The
    company turned on the electricity for
    us after we paid the money. 2. to put
    back, return. ~ o~ J rajjacoo
    lis-sijin. They returned him to jail.
    ~ J Jl o~ J rajjacoo 'ila wa(Jiifta
    1-gadiima. They returned him to his
    old job. 3. to take back. ~i L.
    .U~i --L:!) ~ \~\ J ~; rna
    'abgiikum tra;jCuun 1-gamii$; bass
    'ariid 'abaddla. I don't want you to
    take the shirt back; I just want to
    exchange it.
    4. to set back, move
    back. ~u~ ~ ~J .4..-.J..A... ~L..

    257
    saacatk mjaddma. rajjicha xams
    digaayig. Your watch is too fast. Set it
    back five minutes. IJ~ o}=--JI ~ J
    ~r rajjic s-sayyaara 1a-wara swayya.
    Move the car back a little.
    ~IJ

    raajac III 1. to ask for information, consult, look up (in the book),
    check with. ~I I}UJ a...... J...lll ...::..->.-IJ
    ~L:I:-1 4.:............1 j~ raajact 1-madrasa
    w-gaa1aw 'ibni magbuul s-sana
    1-yaaya. I went to the school for
    information, and they said that my son
    was accepted for next year. }"'y l..>.-IJ
    raajicna baaCir. Check with us
    tomorrow. ..;PJ ~I .rJ uP~ ~ 1 J
    raajacittum b-XU$UU$ gazz 1-'arp. I
    checked with them concerning the
    land survey. ,Ju J t_,...kl.l J->- ~~J
    y~l e::>'"IJ~ raa/:lat /:lagg
    li-m{awwac
    w-gaal,
    "b-araajic
    li-ktaab. " She went to the holy man
    and he said, "I will look things up in
    the book." c~i Jt.;J J0' ?-~~I)
    ...l..;!~ ,:_,-- ~ raajaCf daxfar eaani
    w-gaal 'a/:ltaaj kasf min yidiid. I
    consulted another doctor, and he said
    that I
    needed a new medical
    examination. 2. to check, review (a
    book), examine critically . ..:11')\S:.i e::>'"IJ
    raajic 'aglaatak. Check your errors.
    W ~ JuJ ._,...\....J-1 e::>'"IJ J-....111/-mudiir
    raajac li-/:lsaab w-gaal fii gala{. The
    manager checked the accounts and
    said that there was something wrong.
    ~ j-;i ....,...L=S01 c-"'"lf- o}L si'loo
    yraajic li-ktaab gabil tabca. They
    asked him to review the book before
    printing it.
    ~j

    trajjac

    1. to be returned,

    given back.
    2. to be put back,
    returned. e- ~ \........ ~ lh haaoa saw
    ma yitrajjac. This is something that
    can't be returned.
    ~I.J

    traajac VI 1. to withdraw,
    retreat, fall back. ~1; ~I 1-jeeS'
    traajac. The army retreated. 2. (with
    .:.;-s- can) to go back on, rescind.~ 1..<L...Aiyo ,y- e-lfi ma gibal yitraajac can
    mawgifa. He didn't agree to go back
    on his position.

    e;:- j-oll starjac X

    to get back, recover,

    regain. Lf:iy ~I U'rW' J.S" \.JA>." ..r-1


    starjacaw kill li-fluus illi baagha.
    They recovered all the money he had
    stolen.
    ~ J rajCi 1. reactionary. ~ J ~
    /:lukum rajci reactionary rule. 2. (p.
    -yyiin) reactionary person.
    ~ J rajCiyya reactionism.

    ~ J rajCa p. -aat return, returning.

    tY-J

    rujuuc (v.n. from e::>'" J rijac) 1.


    return, coming back. 2. recurring,
    coming back. 3. resumption, beginning again.
    4. (with ~ can)
    withdrawing from, going back on,
    revocation.
    ~f

    marjic p. ~~.J'"' maraajiC 1.


    authority to which one turns or
    appeals. ~I 'Y1 ~ .J'"' ill L. maa-lak
    marjic 'ilia a!!aah. You have no one to
    tum to (for help) except God. 2.
    authoritative reference work. 0I _,.All
    ~ J5' ~ e::>'" .J'"' 1-qur'an marjic /:lagg
    kill sayy. The Quran is an authoritative
    reference for everything.
    ~lr muraajaca (v.n. from III

    e-'J

    258
    a rock at s.o. c_l..>.J.-1 ~~ l)
    _r--r. .r- fi 1-l;ajj l-l;ijjaaj
    yirijmuun bliis. During the pilgrimage,
    pilgrims stone the devil.

    raajac)
    1. asking for information,
    consultation. 2. checking, review (of a
    book).

    throw

    ~I <J

    t. \:1:-.i'-"'

    stirjaac X 1. reclamation.
    ~1}11 t_ \.:... .J---1 stirjaac 1-'araa(ii land
    reclamation. 2. recovery, getting back
    s.th.

    raajic (act. part. from E'" .J rijac)


    p. -iin 1. will return. ~ ~I.J ~
    .?~ nil;in raajCin cugub baaCir. We
    are returning the day after tomorrow.
    2. returning. c::-'.J \~.;k]l ~ ~ huwafi
    t-tariig; raajic. He is on the way; he's
    returning. 3. having returned . .J .J~
    ~ y.. E'"I.J $Gar-/a raajic yoomeen. It's
    been two days since he returned.

    ~.) rajim (v.n.) stoning. ~I

    ~I ..:..>~.JJ? .:..r-- rajim bliis min


    (iaruuriyyat 1-l;ajj. Stoning the devil is
    one of the requirements of the
    pilgrimage.

    ~~.)

    ~~.;"

    muraajic p. -iin (act. part. from


    III e:--=I.J raajac) one who asks for
    information, checker, verifier. ~1)1
    t~
    ~ <J _,....f; 1-muraajCiin yiyuun
    hini kill yoom. People asking for
    information come here every day.
    .;...~L-:l-1 C"'"'/' muraajic 1-l;isaabaat
    the auditor, the comptroller.

    J[.J rjf
    ~.) rijaf (J..>,. .r- yirjif) to tremble,

    shiver, shake. ~)I if ...;.a.,.,. .r- yirjif min


    /-bard. He is shivering from the cold.
    ._?_,..11 if .._A.:.:- .r- yirjif min 1-mara(i. He
    is trembling from the illness.
    ~.)I rtijafVIII

    J [.J

    =.._A.:.:- .J

    rijaf

    rjl
    ~ J rijil, see under J (j.J ryl.

    J\:1:-.) rajjaal, see under Ji.j.J ryl.

    f" [.J rjm


    ~J

    rijam (('""""'" .r- yirjim) to stone,

    r-"'" J

    ~.) rajiim (said of the devip curse~,

    damned. ~)I <J~I .:..r- .Ji~ .>yl


    'acuuou bil-laah min as-say{aan
    ir-rajiim. God save me from the
    cursed devil.
    ,J [.J

    rjw
    ~.) rija ( ...s= .r- yarji) 1. to request,
    ask. r---"' .J~ -JJi .u.L...i JL..:.,. .J rajaani
    'asal/fa 'alf dirhim. He asked me to
    lend him one thousand dirhams. ~ J
    Jwl.-1 ...}_~ rajeeta ytarris-li 1-xau. I
    asked him to mail the letter for me.
    ~ j~ '1 .!l.r") 'arjuuk Ia tJacwizni.
    Please don't bother me. L.;\ !.!I.r)
    ~Jiy.L..:. 'arjuuk! 'aana s-darraani?
    Now, I ask you! How would I have
    known? .f'..>- JS" ..!..1.l y.) 'arjuu-/ak kill
    xeer. I wish you the best.

    ~j

    trajja V to beg s.o., appeal to


    s.o. ~ ol..:.,.) .r-.lll ~ ...}~) [IJ
    ;;~~..i raal; w-dass maktab 1-mudiir
    w-trajjaa ycatii ziyaada. He went and
    entered the director's office, and
    begged him to give him a raise. !\\.:...;i

    J J~l L....l. J ~ ~ 'atrajjaak


    tsawwii-li hal-macruuf I beg you to
    do me this favor. J~~ ~)
    trajjeeta ysaacidni. I asked him to help
    me.

    259
    ~J

    raja hope, request, plea. ~L>.. J


    ~ J..ll1 ~ .!.Li1 rajaay 'innic
    txall$iin 1-madrasa. I hope that you
    will finish school. JL- L>.. J Jl>.- J
    rajaani raja /;laarr. He pleaded
    heartily with me.
    ~~J rajaa'an please. ~; ':J ~L>.. J
    ..!.l.J.rP rajaa'an Ia tirfac ~ootak. Please
    don't shout.

    f'lj

    rz.;

    rjym

    ~J rlJzzm diet. ~J I..S.J--" sawwa


    rijiim. He went on a diet.

    "':' ti..J

    rch

    ~J ricab (~.r-yircab) 1. to ride


    (an animal). ~1 ~J ricab 1-biciir.
    He rode the camel. . .:.>W-1 ~) J..)ji
    J..)ji Lo ..r.J 'agdar 'arcab li-b~aan. lees
    ma 'agdar? I can ride a horse. Why
    can't I?
    2. to ride in, ride on, travel
    in, on or on board. ~ J ~ ..::-.$"'J ~ ..,...scumrak ricabt gitaar? Have you ever
    ridden on a train? C1JJ ii}-,.b.l1 ~J
    ..:_r---:!~1 ricab !-{ayyaara w-raa/;1
    1-ba/;lreen. He boarded the plane and
    went to Bahrain. . ~ .J..L4 Lo ~1..:1:-1
    ~ ~ ~ ~J i-yaahil ma gidar
    yamsi. ricab caza {Jahri. The child
    couldn't walk. He rode on my back. 3.
    to mate with, breed with, mount.
    L...>.-l>.-..U1 ~J ~..U1 d-diic ricab
    d-diyaaya. The rooster mounted the
    chicken. 4. to get in, get on, climb
    aboard. rriiJ ...;)~ ~) ricab
    sayyaarta w-nhizam. He got in his car
    and took off. 5. to dominate, bully,
    intimidate. o_,_..$".1- .._,..L:JI ~ ~
    miskiin {Jaciif. n-naas yircabuu. Poor
    man. He's weak. People would bully

    him.
    ~J raccab II 1. to give a ride to,
    cause to ride. ~ J! ...;J~ ~J
    raccabni b-sayyaarta 'ila beeti. He
    gave me a ride in his car to my house.
    2. to put aboard, put on. l,>""i ~.b:.
    ._r>l-:l~ ~J) xaoeet
    'ummi
    w-raccabitta b-1-paa~. I took my
    mother and put her on the bus. 3. to
    install, set, place, mount . ..::..l=J]1 ~J
    raN:ab 1-leetaat. He installed the
    lights. ~J..UI l) ~..L;S:J1 ~J raccab
    l-kandeesin fi d-diriisa. He placed the
    air conditioner in the window. 4. to
    assemble, put together, fit together.
    ~':J J~ JL:i]1 ~ ~; J..L.....Qj tigdar
    tracCib gitac l-gayaar ooola? Can you
    assemble those spare parts? 5. to
    prepare and put together a meal. <.S' j
    L.J _,.,1:.1 ~ ....,.b. J J5~1 ~J gu-umi
    raccbi l- 'akil w-buttii caza c-cuula. Get
    up, prepare the ingredients of the food,
    and put it on the stove.

    o..:-5; traccab V to be fitted,


    mounted, set in. ~':J ~F Lo .._,\..:1,.1 V.
    .L...>.-1J ii ~ hal-jaama ma titraccab
    linha Cibiira waayid. This piece of
    glass won't fit because it's very big.
    yLS'J rcaab (less common var. rkaab)
    p. -aat stirrup.
    ~C..J rl;ib
    ~J

    rab/;lab II (with y b- or l) fi) to


    welcome s.o., make s.o. welcome.
    ~ L..:.l..., J 0Y y 1_r.>- J rab/;labu fiina
    teen Wi$alna beettum. They welcomed
    us when we reached their home . ..;...;i
    ~ J ~ .1- . ~ )J ~ 'inti bass ruu/;li.
    yra/;1/;lbuun biic. You just go. They will

    260
    f" C..J rl)m

    welcome you.
    ~ J"

    marl)aba (cogrmon yar. "-;->" _,-marl)ab) hi! hello! J4.--.. J JU.i 'ahlan
    wa sahlan! (answer to l,>- _,-- marl)aba).
    ~ .J tarl)iib (v.n. from II '-:--""" .J
    ral)l)ab) welcoming, greeting. ~_}]I
    y _,..--JI ..:..tb~ .:..r--- .r-1)~ t-tarl)iib
    b-z-zaayir min caadaat 1-carab.
    Welcoming a visitor is an Arab
    custom. ~; ~ l)ajlat tarl)iib
    welcoming party, reception party.

    J C..J

    rl)l

    J;--) ril)al (~ .r. yirl)al) to move about,


    migrate, move away. l) 0 __,..b- .r. J-WI
    ")L_;L\ 1-badu yirl)aluun fi 1-xa!a.
    Bedouins move about in the desert.
    t,S" L. ~ L. 0 'J 0 L..SJ I ~I~ c.r>- I__,..b- .J
    r{zalaw can oaak 1-mukaan li'an mafii
    maay. They moved away from that
    place because there was no water in it.

    J-:--) ral)l)al II to cause to leave,


    relocate, resettle. .;:-5 ..:....b- .J a.....
    ...,_;G.. ':11 .:.r li-{1kuuma rabbalat kaBir
    min 1-'ayaanib. The government
    deported many of the foreigners.
    ~~ t?~ l) J;Wi j-)' 1y-t>-.)
    rabbalaw kill l-gabaayil ji haaoi
    l-man{iga They relocated all the tribes
    in this area.

    p.1

    J~) rabbaal p. -a, -iin moving,


    roaming, migrating, nomadic. J~
    U\;.. .J gabaayil rabbaala nomadic
    tribes. U\;.. .J .J_,_..,.b tyuur rabbaala
    migratory birds.

    L,l;.. J" marbala p.

    phase, stage.

    J--:--1_,--

    maraabil

    ril)am (r-""" .r. yirl)am) to have


    mercy upon s.o., have compassion for
    s.o. !L;;Iyi r-""" .r. ~\ 'a!!aah yirl)am
    'amwaatna! God have mercy upon our
    dead! 1<->- J.J r-""" .r. ~\ 'a!!aahyirl)am
    ruul)a! God bless his soul! ~LOll
    ~~~ ~ .J l-gaaoi rbamak
    b-hal-l)ukum. The judge was merciful
    toward you in this verdict.
    ~)

    ~ .J trabl)am v (with J..P cala) to be


    merciful, be kind, show mercy to s.o.
    ~ .J::. o~ ~I ~ r-"""; tral)l)am
    cata l-fagiir b-casara dirhim. He was
    merciful to the poor man by giving
    him ten dirhams.
    ~)-'I starl)am X to plead for mercy,
    to ask s.o. to have mercy. ~ r.ti
    ~~ J.-.,ii Y ~ ~ gaddam {alab
    yistarl)im fii taxfiif Hwkum. He
    submitted an application in which he
    pleaded for a shortening of the
    sentence .

    U J ral)ma (v.n. fro?l ~ .J ril)am) 1.


    mercy. JW J .i.i~ .ill\ .y .__.,....)I ~i
    'atlub r-rabma min a!!a sub~zaanahu
    wa tacaalaa. I seek mercy from God,
    ~e he praised and sublime. .__.,. . .J )J.I
    .ill\ .y l-mu{ar rabma min a!!a. Rain is
    a blessing from God. ~I .__.,.....J ..:.,.; y
    ! ~ tawaffat. ral)mat a!!a cateeha!
    She passed away. God have mercy
    upon her!
    ~)

    rc:biim merciful, compassionate.


    ~ .J .:Ill
    'a!!aah rabiim. God is
    merciful. r-- .J ~ ga{ba rabiim. He's
    kind-hearted.

    261

    ,?")I r-rabmaan the Merciful (i.e.,


    God).
    ~ )' .:.r---A'" )' ~~ ~
    b-ismi-llaah ir-rabmaan r-rabiim in
    the name of God, the Merciful, the
    Compassionate.

    ~} 'arbam (elat.) I. (with i f min)


    more merciful, compassionate.
    2.
    (with foil. n.) the most merciful,
    compassionate.
    ~1;.-1-'1 stirbaam (v.n. from X~ _;....I
    starbam) plea for mercy . ..,._..lk r.J...j
    ~L.J.I ..;....>- i\.;.- _r...--1 gaddam talab
    stirbaam bagg 1-baakim. He submitted
    a plea for clemency to the ruler.
    ~y

    marbuum (p.p. from~ J ribam)


    (usually with the article prefix Ji/-)
    the deceased, the late.
    ~C..J rx,~

    ~J rixa~ (..;='" .r.yirxa~) to become


    inexpensive, cheap . ..(;,.\) ._;a>- J ..bL..kll
    t-tamaat rixa,~ waayid. Tomatoes got
    very cheap. 1 J ._;a>- .r. ~~ s-sicir
    yirxa~ fi 1-gee(J. The price decreases in
    the summer.
    ~ J raxxa~ II 1. to give permission
    to s.o. to leave. j-!-L:.:liJ ~.r' ..::.-:5'
    ~J
    Cint marii(J w-1-tindeel
    raxxa,mi. I was ill and the supervisor
    gave me permission to leave. 2. to
    authorize, license. ~.) t:::' .J l_r=:- J
    raxxa~uu-la
    ybUC oahab. They
    authorized him to sell gold. J l_r=:- J
    .:.>LS"~ ~i raxxa~uu-li 'aftab dikkaan.
    They gave me license to open a store.
    3. to make cheap, inexpensive. :i...o _,s:J-1
    (.jWIJ ~I .J"-' ~ J li-l)kuuma
    raxxa~at sicr s-sakar w-c-caay. The
    government decreased the price of

    sugar and tea. 4. to license, have s.th.


    licensed. ~_;...!-1 l.. ~ o),,..JI ~ J
    raxxa~t s-sayyaara cugub-ma stiree/la.
    I had the car licensed after I (had)
    bought it.
    ~.J--"' starxa~ X
    I. to excuse
    oneself. .JL,.U .:.>LS" ..._;'} ._r-. J ._;a>- _;....I
    starxa~ w-misa linna caan tacbaan. He
    excused himself and left because he
    was tired.
    2. to find s.th. cheap.
    ~ J...l.:..t:> t.S:;.---.:;.1) ..bL-.kll ._;='- _r...--1
    starxa~ r-tamaa( w-stira ~anduugeen.
    He found the tomatoes cheap and
    bought two boxes.

    ~J
    rux~a
    1. permission,
    authorization. ~ J i f min rux~atk
    with your permission, if you please.
    ..;_, }L....) ~.J...:.:;]\ i f 4.....=:-) ~.i,:. xaoeet
    rux~a min t-tindeel w-saafart. I took
    permission from the supervisor and
    travelled. 2. vacation . ...;>- -.,....lb ...::..-o..U
    L.,a:.:. J gaddamt (alab ~wgg rux~a. I
    submitted an
    application for a
    ..:1.0 _,..:.i
    vacation . .!.1-L:s- ~<..> ..r-"
    4.....=:- J 'acuufak hini. su tsawwi? cindak
    rux~a? I see you here. What are you
    doing? Are you on vacation? 3. (p.
    ~ J ruxa~) license. ~I_;:,:;....... I 6......=:- J
    rux~at stiiraad import license. 4.....=:- J
    ~.J..,a; rux~at ta~diir export license.
    6.il_,_..... ~ J rux~at swaaga driving
    permit, operator's license.

    r .:r

    ~J

    raxii~

    cheap, inexpensive .
    r-ramaar raxii~
    1-yoom. Tomatoes are cheap today.,'}
    \~ J y .J-" Ia, muub raxii,~;
    gaa/i.
    No, it's not cheap; it's
    expensive. ~ ~ J ~ .Y l.. mafii
    sayy raxii~ hini. There isn't anything

    r_,_.)1 ...~"-:?"") ..bL....kll


    JU

    262
    inexpensive here.

    ~~~ J\.-....~1 l) fii raxa .fi 1-'ascaar

    ~ Ji 'arxa~ (elat.) 1. (with 0" min)

    oall:ziin. Prices are low now.

    cheaper than, more inexpensive than.


    !.lb ,:,--- ~) IL haaoa 'arxa~ min
    oaak. This is cheaper than that one.
    ~) I L haaoa 'arxa~. This is
    cheaper. 2. (with foll. n.) the cheapest.
    ..~"--" ~) IL haaoa 'arxa~ sicir.
    This is the cheapest price. Lo ._;a>-)
    'arxa,~-ma the cheapest thing that...
    c..>..L..:s- Lo ~) 'arxa~-ma cindi the
    ~heapest thing that I have. L. ._;a>-)
    ~_r..-::.1 'arxa~-ma stireet the cheapest
    thing that I bought.

    'I C..J

    rxy

    ~J

    raxxa

    II I. to lower, let down,


    drop. ~~ ~ J raxxa 1-/:zabi/. He
    lowered the rope.
    2. to loosen,
    slacken. ~ J . ..) J..L..-::.... VI 1-/:zabi/
    masduud. raxxii. The rope is tight.
    Loosen it.
    ~

    .J

    traxxa V I. to be lowered, let


    down, dropped. 2. to be loosened,
    slackened. Jl>. y r...s"'" fi. L. J~l lll>
    has-sikruu rna yitraxxa. fii /:tala. This
    screw can't be loosened. It's rusty.
    ~Jl
    2. to
    'inta
    You
    little.

    rtixa VIII I.= V r._s"'-; traxaa.


    relax. ~~-}; ~j';l .0L:N ..::....;i
    tacbaan. /aazim tirtixi swayya.
    are tired. You have to relax a
    3. to lose force or vigor.
    y._.;..ll ~ rtixa cugb s-sugul. He lost
    vigor after work.

    Ji)

    raxa 1. abundance, opulence,


    prosperity. L>- J l) ~~ ~ J"'UI
    n-naas hini caaysiin fi raxa. People
    here are living comfortably.
    2.
    decrease, lowness (of prices). L>- J Y
    L...,:- J

    ~ .J.;

    rd'
    I~ _;J tradda

    to become bad. 6.!\.:ll


    ~_rJI .)~I l) ..;..,..) ~ ~~~ 1-l:zaa/a
    s-siyaasiyya
    traddat fi li-blaad
    f-carabiyya. The political situation
    became bad in the Arab countries.
    V

    .J .J.; rdd
    ~J

    radd (..) _r- yrudd)

    1. to return.
    ~')L.JI ..)J Lo J ~ ~')\.._)1 :ot..J .::....Jj
    gitla: "s-salaam cafeekum, " w-ma
    radd s-salaam. I said to him: "Peace
    be upon you," and he didn't return the
    greeting. 2. (with J>- cafa) to reply,
    answer . ...b-i J>- . ) J L. u-! .._,....i ~ ..r.~>
    xaabartak 'a~s bass rna radd catayya
    'al:zad. I telephoned you yesterday but
    no one answered me. ~ ...J;:. ..) ; J...l.Z \....
    rna tigdar trudd cafee? Can't you
    answer him? 3. to bring back, take
    back. 4-:!~ ~I ~~I ~ ..) ; J...l.Z
    tigdar trudd bacr) 1- 'asya l/i tistiriiha.
    You can return some of the things you
    buy.
    4. to put back, return. ~..) J
    _r....il ~ ..__;t.S:. c. yl:S:JI raddeet li-ktaab
    b-mukaana cafa 1-meez. I put the book
    back in its place on the table. yl:)l ..)J
    ~ ,:,--- !.IIJJ rudd l-baab waraak
    min far)lak. Close the door behind you,
    place. 5. to refuse, reject, turn down.
    ...L..>i..)

    .r. ';}) ~

    Lo

    ~J~)..}_J>- xoos

    rayyaal; rna yfassil wala yrudd 'al:zad.


    He is a good man; he doesn't
    disappoint or tum anyone down.
    ~ t?i .U ~..)J Lot?~ cumri ma
    raddeet-la 'ayya talab. I have never
    refused him any request. 6. to give
    back, hand back, return. o..?".i:JI ~

    263

    J ~) L...) )4~ ~ ~ )4~ ~)


    JWI

    ()aman t-taokara 'arbaca diinaar.


    ca{eeta xamsa diinaar w-ma radd-li
    1-baagi. The price of the ticket is four
    dinars. I gave him five dinars and he
    didn't give me back the change. 7. to
    return, come back, go back. C.JJ
    t ~ ~ J) ~~~ ruul;. oall;.iin w-rudd
    b-saac. Go now and come back fast.
    ~I ....A.-iJ ~ ~ ...:...~J raddat
    $il;.l;.ta leen waggaf s-sikir. His health
    has returned since
    he stopped
    drinking. 4.....\_..lG.ll 6,j~U;. Js- ~ J radd cafa
    caatta 1-gadiima. He's back to his old
    habit.
    ~~ J

    raddad II to repeat constantly.\...


    ~1):-1 <L.l _,A; ~I ~~ .r- \<.,?IJ <L.l ma Ia
    raay; yraddid illi tguula 1-jaraayid He
    has no opinion. He repeats what the
    newspapers say. ~ JJI ~~ .r- jJ>\J..I
    l-yaahil yraddid illi ysamca. A child
    repeats what he hears.
    traddad v 1. (with Js- cafa) to
    frequent, visit frequently. ~~ jW ~
    ~..:...IJJ~ L.A.b.:ll <,?.h. Js-lees titmddad
    ca[a haaoi l-man{iga b-o-oaat? Why
    do you frequently visit this area of ali
    places? _r..-CI-1 ~ ~~ jW ~b ~ !}...L:A.-:;.
    s-cindak?
    daayim titraddad ca[a
    1-IJ,afiiz. What are you up to? You're
    always coming into the office. 2. to
    hesitate, be
    reluctant, uncertain.
    j-:!~ _,J ~b )L....i ...:...~~ ~ traddatt
    'asaafir oall;.iin lo bacdeen. I was
    uncertain whether to travel now or
    later. !}~IJ ~~ C.JJ -~~~ ~ Ia
    titraddad ruul;.. 'a!!a wiyyaak. Don't
    hesitate. Go. God be with you . ...:...~~)
    ~,:S"~IJ o.L>T traddatt 'aaxoa wiyyaay. I
    ~~.;-J

    was reluctant to take him with me.


    ~.}-"I

    staradd X to get back, regain.


    ~ ~~I ...:...~ _r......l staraddat
    s-sarika minna kill 1-mablag. The
    company got the whole amount back
    from him.!}~ L. ~ ~ ~J-1
    .r-l.A.:J.,.I staradd $il;.l;.ta cugub-ma tirak
    j-jigaayir. He regained his health after
    he quit smoking.

    t-W' JS

    ~.) radd (v.n. from~J radd) 1. (p. ~ y J

    rduud) answer, reply . .h...:.:. <Ll ~ .;k


    ~ ~ J ~ \... J {arrast-la xa{! w-ma
    l;.a$$alt radd bacad I sent him a letter
    and I haven't received an answer yet.
    2. taking
    back, bringing back,
    returning s.th. L.....&:-~1 ~J radd
    li-b(Jaaca
    taking
    back
    the
    merchandise. 3. returning. r')L...)I ~J
    radd s-salaam returning the greeting.
    4. refusal, rejection, denial. ..:...w,b.ll ~ J
    radd {-{alabaat the refusal of
    applications.
    5. reaction, reversal,
    change of heart. j.--.oJ ~ J radd ficil
    reaction. .o,;,.?
    J) Jd ~ J o~ JL,.,
    $aar cinda radd ficil w-raxxa$
    IJ,urumta. He had a change of heart and
    divorced his wife. ~ J) .L.:.i 'axo w-radd
    give and take. ~ J) ..L:.:.i ~ aJL.il
    l-mas'ala fiiha 'axo w-radd The
    problem is still in dispute.

    v-=-

    ..1..-t~)

    tardiid (v.n. from II


    repetition.

    ~~ J

    raddad)

    mirtadd p. -iin 1. (with ,:f can)


    having renunciated a faith. ,y- ..u.r y.
    (Y'""-' 'il huwa mirtadd can 1- 'islaam. He
    has renunciated Islam. 2. apostate.
    J..J

    ,. J.; rdm
    ~~ J

    ridam (r~ .r- yardim) to fill in with

    264

    dirt, fill up with earth. Jll ft1 ly.).J


    ~)I I) radmaw 1-l)ifar il/ifi r-rasta.
    They filled in the potholes in the road.

    u.J.;

    rdn
    !J~ J

    ridin p. 0b) rdaan (less common


    var. ..:.Ail.)) rdaanat) sleeve (of a shirt,
    or a jacket, etc.). ~I 0.).J ridin
    1-gamii~ the shirt sleeve. ii .JJ..L:S::.ll 0.).J
    ridin 1-kandoora the dishdash sleeve.

    J ,j..)

    rol
    j...!~.)

    raoiil 1. base, mean, contemptible. 2. (p. -iin) despicable person.


    4..J1~ J raoaa/a (v.n.) profanity, mean-

    ness.
    '-:' :;.; rzb
    y1j.r" mirzaab p. '-:-:!jl..r" maraaziib
    roof gutter. ylj_;-11 I) Jr. _;-kil (,)L...
    ~~ CJ.r-?-J maay 1-mu(ar yanzil fi
    1-mirzaab w-yruul) 1-biir. Rain water
    flows down the roof gutter and goes to
    the well.

    .;.;.; rzz

    ojJ razza p. -aat


    stopper.

    I. door latch. 2.

    J:;.; rzf
    J jJ rizaf (J jr-

    yarzif) I. to celebrate, engage in merry-making. t)


    t)~l t) 0 _,JJr- ...t'UI ~ )1 ~1 fi
    f-ciid l-wa{ani n-naas yarzifuun fi
    s-sawaaric. On National Day people
    celebrate in the streets. 2. to dance.
    0 _;, j_;.. Jll ~ -.!~1[-cayyaala hum illi
    yarzifuun. Male dancers are the ones
    who dance.
    ~j)

    raziif I. celebration, merry-

    making. .w J.b:.~ ...t'_ril


    ~j.) 0~) 0)~)

    J-- ...t'..,..-..!1 6.l,l


    ....... Jrll

    ~ J.>

    /eelt f-cirs hal 1-micris yaaxouuna


    l)agg beet f_caruusa w-yitgahuwuun
    w-ycamluun raziif. On the wedding
    night, the bridegroom's relatives take
    the bridegroom to the bride's home,
    have coffee, and celebrate. 2. dance,
    dancing. ~j.J ~ U\,.JI ~.J
    ~ .....,...____; ..::..L!.W1 ~.J) rag~

    z-cayyaala nsammii "raziif' w-rag~


    n-naccaasaat nsamii "niciis." We call
    male dancing "raziif' and female
    dancing "niciis. "
    ~:;.; rzg
    JjJ rizag (.Jjr- yarzig)
    1. (said of
    God) to provide s.o. with wealth and
    sustenance. o.)~ ...; j_;.. .11 'a!!a yarzig
    cibaada. God provides his servants
    with a livelihood. 2. to bless s.o. with
    (a child) . ..UJ U ).J .11 'a!!a rizagna
    walad. God blessed us with a baby
    boy.

    J jJ rizg livelihood, subsistence,


    means of living. J t,..ll ...; j.J J J j.J 1-U.
    haaoa rizgi w-rizg fi-cyaa{. This is my
    and my children's livelihood . .Jj)l
    .11 ~ r-rizg ca[a-!{a. One's
    livelihood is from God. (prov.) .Jj.J
    .11 ~ _?'-!. ...; ).J) o~.b:. ~ _,...)1 rizg
    1-yoom xaoeenaa w-rizg baatir
    cafa-!!a. Whatever will be will be. (lit.,
    "We have taken today's sustenance,
    and tomorrow's sustenance will be
    from God.").
    ~:,.; rzm

    L-a jJ rizma p. ~ j.J rizam parcel,


    package.

    265

    paved road.

    uJ.J rzn

    ..;,-tjJ rzzun p. -iin rational, prudent,


    wise, of sound judgement. JL..:.r J _,.....
    ,:,r-j; huwa rayyaa/in riziin. He is a
    wise man. (Go and ask him his
    opinion).

    4......iljJ razaana prudence, wisdom,


    sound judgement.

    1.:' 4JM .J rsb

    ~J rassab II to cause to fail, give a


    \..Jl>...:..';tl I) ...f-Sfailing grade. H

    ~1 ~) gass

    fi

    li-mtil:zaan; cayal

    rassaba 1-mucallim. He cheated on the


    examination; consequently the teacher
    flunked him.

    rusuub (v.n. from ....,._... J risab)

    failure (in an examination).


    ~~J

    ~J

    risax (t'::-;. yirsax) to be or

    become firmly established, to sink in,


    stick (in the mind) . ....W. I) t:-' J ._,..;...1..1\
    ..:..ol.r" ..:...')\..; ol-:!1 ~ ;:J lJ ~ d-dars

    risax fi cagfa cugub-ma darrasta-yyaa


    Oalaa() marraat. The lesson stuck in
    his mind after I had taught it to him
    three times.

    "":--"J risab (....,_..,;. yarsib) to fail,


    flunk. ..JL;...:.. ':tl I) ...,.._J risab fi
    /i-mtii;Jaan.
    He
    flunked
    the
    examination . ..J~';tl I) 0':?~ _r. ....,._... J
    risab b-mawpuuceen fi li-mti/:zaan. He
    failed
    two
    subjects
    on
    the
    examination.

    ~ .J---1)

    .
    C4JM.J rsx

    raasib p. -iin

    1. one who has


    failed an examination. 2. repetitor.

    c:; o..I...A!J ~~)I

    J..-,..JI :; ..JlS'" ~u1 rWI

    ..,_....I; .~1)1 .....a....,.JI f-caam 1-maapi


    CQQn ji ~-~Q.ff T-TQObiC W-bacda ji ~-~a.ff
    r-raabic. raasib. Last year he was in

    ~J rassax II to make take root,


    establish, impress s.th. on s.o. 's mind.

    :--1-1'

    o~')l.; J~ I) c.J"J..LJI C:-J


    1-muca/lim rassax d-dars fi cguul
    talaamiioa. The teacher made the
    lesson stick to his pupils' minds. The
    teacher impressed the lesson on his
    pupils' minds.

    t, 4JM .J

    rsg

    t:-' J rusug p. t_r J rusuug wrist.


    J (,}M.J

    rsl
    ramal

    III to correspond \\ith.


    exchange letters. L~.r'i ,: ~';. ..;.:.:. :
    wildi yraasilni min 'amriika. My son
    sends letters to me from America.
    ~ 1 ;J d..l; raasalta w-raasalni. We
    exchanged letters .
    J.--IJ

    J-}

    'arsal IV (...} )> {arras is more


    common). See under ~.;J. trJ.

    fourth grade and he is still in fourth

    J-lj traasal VI to correspond with

    grade. He is a repetitor.

    each other, exchange correspondence.

    ~ (.)M.J

    rst

    4:......,.,) rasta p. -aat paved road. ~h


    ~j 4:...... J .;... _,;-I ~I.) J-:!)aJI haaoi

    {-{ariig oall;ziin

    stawat rasta zeena.

    The road has now turned into a good

    J-L.... )I ~\ .:_!:!~) ~ J-';-; W1


    pal/eena nitraasal santeen w-bacdeen
    ngi{Cat r-rasaayil. We continued to
    exchange letters for two years and then
    the letters stopped.

    266
    J.J-"J rasuul p. J-- J rusu/. I. messenger, emissary. 2. prophet. ,J_,.... )I
    .11 J .J-"J r-rasuul, rasuul a{faaiJ the
    Messenger, the Messenger of God
    (i.e., Mohammad) . .11 J_,...._...J ~
    muiJ.ammad rasuul affaah. Mohammad
    is God's messenger.

    41\.......oJ risaa/a (.h......,:. xatt is more


    common). See under .L. .L. xff.

    ll.....1.J"' muraasala (v.n. from VI j--1;


    traasal) correspondence, exchange of
    letters. U......1)4 i.J"J.JS J..lii tigdar tidris
    b-1-muraasa/a. You can study by
    correspondence.

    ..;JS' r-" J yarsim rasim killis zeen.


    He draws very well. 2. (p. i .r"J
    rusuum) picture, sketch, drawing. L.i...
    .J~ r-" J haaoa rasim bistaan. This is
    a drawing of an orchard. 3. duty, fee,
    tariff. J)-"'"..UI r-" J rasm d-duxuul the
    admission fee. ~\),.1 i .r-" J rusuum
    1-yaamca the university fees. i .r"J
    4.....$'f. rusuum jimrigiyya customs
    duty.
    ..:r.j

    ~ J ra$mi official, formal. J i J...l.l>


    hduum rasmiyya formal clothes,
    formal dress. ~ J oJ~j zyaara
    rasmiyya official visit. Y"' J oJ~
    b-$UUra rasmiyya officially.

    ~1.)"' muraasil p. -iin (act. part. from


    III ~IJ raasal) correspondent,
    reporter. o~):-1 ~1./" muraasil
    1-jariida the newspaper reporter.

    J-.-o.)"' mursil p. -iin (act. part. from IV

    clJ J _,....;i ;-.Ui L... , l,J:-'J rasmiyyan, ma

    J..-) 'arsal) sender (ofletters).

    'agdar 'agul-lak. Officially, I can't tell


    you.

    f" (j'J..) rsm

    risam (r-" .r- yarsim) 1. to draw,


    sketch. ..!.l.-.J1 J .J-" oJJ-P r-'"" J (,)..U)
    wildi risam $Uurat suug s-simac. My
    son drew a picture of the fish market.
    ~ ~ t"""'"") J..L.Z tigdar tirsim biciir?
    Can you draw a camel? r-" J j1_;)1
    ,fJ ~1 ~ L..bJL> 1-gazzaaz risam-li
    xaarta bagg 1-'ar(i. The surveyor drew
    for me a map of the land. A.;.-) r-" J
    ~ risam looba yimiila. He painted a
    beautiful picture.
    ~J

    ~ jl nrisam VII 1. to be drawn. 2.


    to be painted.

    ~J rasim (v.n. from

    r-" J risam) I.

    drawing, sketching. ~ J U'J-4 yidris


    rasim. He is studying drawing. r-" .r-

    ..::J~

    - J

    rasmiyyaat

    formalities,

    conventions.
    ~J

    rasmiyyan officially, formally.

    ~I..... J rassam p. -iin 1. draftsman. 2.


    painter, artist.
    ~.J-".)"'

    marsuum (p.p. from r-" J risam)


    I. drawn, sketched. 2. painted. 3. (p.
    r--"1.r' maraasiim) edict, decree.
    ~ i .J-" .r' marsuum malaki royal
    decree.
    4. regulation, ordinance.
    J~...i:,.. ':.'1 ~1.r' maraasiim li-bfifaal the
    rules of the ceremony, the protocol.
    U(j'J.J rsn
    ,J-MJ risan p.

    JL...) rsaan reins (of a

    horse, a mule, etc.) . .:.>W-1 r:r' J ~J

    o~1 l) riba{ risan li-b$aan fi


    li-syara. He tied the reins of the horse
    to the tree.

    267
    c..dM..J rs~

    .U..1" mirsid p. lf-..L.::. / mirisdiin (act.

    part. from ..L...!:. J risad) 1. having


    guided, shown s.o. the right way.~ y
    ~~ ~)=.II ~ o..L...!:. /
    tawwni
    mirisda cala t-tariig .$-.$a/:zii/:z. I have
    just shown him the right way. 2.
    advisor. JUJ\11 o)jJ ~ lf-..L.!:./ yfii
    mirisdiin fi wazaarat 1-'awgaaf There
    are advisors in the wakf ministry. 3.
    Mirshid (popular male's name).

    ~.) rassa~

    II to nominate, put up as
    a candidate. ~I :t-4J J-> o~ J
    c..>..L.....l:ll rassa~naa /:zagg riyaasat
    1-maj/is 1-ba/adi. We nominated him
    for the chairmanship of the municipal
    council. ~ J-~ ~ J=..- 'Y ~ ~ J
    ~ _,s:J1 rassa}J. nafsa /ajil yi.$iir tindeel
    cafa 1-kuu/iyya. He nominated himself
    to be a supervisor over the coolies.
    ~

    ~.J trassa~

    V to be nominated as a
    candidate, be a nominee. ~}J ~;
    trassa~ /al-wa{Jiifa. He was nominated
    for the job.
    ~.J"

    mrassa}J. (p.p. from II ~ J


    1. having been nominated. yo
    L:A,b.;.. .:_rY ~ f huwa mrassal:z can
    man{igatna. He has been nominated
    from our district.
    2. (p. -iin)
    candidate, nominee. ~ Lo ~ /
    mrassa/:ziin ma miiS. There are no
    candidates.
    rassa}J.)

    .lJM..J rJd
    ..L-!:1.) risad (D .1- yir.fid) to lead, guide,

    show the right


    ~~

    ._Hpl

    way.

    ,j _,.,.,.~ J~l

    __,....~ ~...L__;;, .I-

    ..w.-1_,

    fi-cyaa! yi/:ztaajuun waal:zid yirsidhum


    cala {-{ariig $-$a~1iih. The children
    need someone to show them the right
    way.

    ..w,J rusd, as in D )I

    C::4 bilag sinn

    r-rusd He came of age.

    Jl

    'irsaad 1. guidance, direction,


    showing the right way. ~ \~1.1
    ~u. Jl Jl d....>.-~ taaysiin; hum b-l:zaaja
    'ila 'irsaad They are reckless; they are
    in need of guidance.
    .)W,

    ,.

    ....

    l.JM ..J l.JM ..J rsrs

    J'_r;,.) rasras (..} ~ .1- yrasris) to


    sprinkle, spray. c..>U~ _,_.:.11 ..}~ J
    rasras s-siyar b-l-maay. He sprinkled
    the trees with water.

    ,. ,.

    .......

    l.JM l.JM ..J rss

    J'J

    rass (..} .r. yriss) 1. to spray . ..}J


    ~ I)~ rass duwa cala s-siyar.
    He sprayed the trees with an
    insecticide. 2. to sprinkle . ...:..-::. J ~...l4)1
    c..>U.~ ,.}:>J \II 1-ba/adiyya rassat 1- 'ar{J
    b-1-maay. The municipality sprinkled
    the ground with water. 3. to water.

    _,_.:.11

    tr.----1 1 ~ ~ /

    J~l ..}_r. nriss


    1-bistaan marrateen fi s-subuuc. We
    water the lawn twice a week.
    ~.) rass (v .n.

    from ..}) rasS) 1.


    spraying.
    2. sprinkling. oJWI ..}J
    ~ L.. c..>ll~ rass s-sayyaara b-1-maay
    ma yfiid. Sprinkling the car with water
    doesn't help .

    J rassa p. -aat (n. of inst.) light


    drizzle. ~) ~) rassum rassateen.
    He sprayed them twice.
    ~'J raass drizzle, light misty rain.

    (prov.) J'l)l ~ ~ JWI ~ ,y man


    baga z_caali ya$bir caza r-raass.

    268

    Where there is a will. there is way.


    (lit.. ''He who desires excellence will
    have to put up with the drizzle.").

    Ji'U J rassaas p. -aat I. sprinkling


    can, watering can. 2. machine gun,
    usually ..}~.........,;, J ~...Lo midjac rassaas
    machine gun.
    ~<.J;...; rsg
    ...,..._. J risag ("'-........;. .r- yarsig) to drop

    excrement (bird). 4.>.-\.>....UI ..;:...A...;. J rsigat


    The chicken dropped
    d-diyaaya.
    excrement.

    J-!oJ risag (coli.) excrement (of birds).


    !'" <.J;...; rsm

    r)

    rasim p. r
    rsuum seal, signet.
    -4p-Ji ~) rasim 1-bariid the postal
    cancellation stamp.
    ~)

    .J <.J;...; r.i'w

    U J risa (~ .r- yirsi) to bribe. (jb .r.


    bar{a I is more common). ~..dl W. J
    JL:.) ~.risa 1-tindeel b-miyat diinaar.
    l-Ie bribed the supervisor with one
    hundred dinars. ~ .r- \. . ~ .r- \. .
    'illi ma yirsi ma yirtisi. He who
    doesn't bribe can't be bribed.

    Jll

    ~;I

    rtisa VIII to be bribed, accept


    bribery.
    (jb ..r.--0 tabar{al is more
    common). o~ ~~ lS r J ~) rtisa
    w-sawwa IIi nibgaa. He was bribed
    and did what we wanted. ~ .r- \. . ma
    yirtisi. He cannot be bribed. He won't
    ever take a bribe.

    o_,. .:;. J raswa p. c.? Jw. J rasaawi (j,:k .r.


    bartiil and ~ haxsiis are more
    common) bribe. 0
    ~ yxiss raswa.
    He takes bribes. ~ ~ \.... oy:;. J .J J~

    r)

    b-duun
    raswa ma t~CI$$i/ sayy.
    Without bribery you cannot get
    anything done.
    J~.; l'$d
    ~ J ri,md (..J....t> .r- yar$id) I. to observe,
    watch (stars) . ..J....t>)1 ,y r.r.JI .JJ..L..:>.ryar$iduun li-nyuum min l-mar$ad
    They
    observe stars from the
    observatory.
    2. to appropriate,
    earmark. .J .r--::-l- ; ~ ..:..>..J......<:>J ~\J,.\
    ;;j;L... \II ....,_;IJJ ~ ~J.) 1-yaamca
    l'$idat casara malyoon dirhim ~agg
    rawaatib 1-'asaatoa. The university
    appropriated ten million dirhams for
    the salaries of the professors.

    ...L..P.J trG$$Cid

    V to keep an eye on,


    watch, observe, lie in wait. U"Li l)
    .JI..,a...J ~ I) ~
    .J J..J....<> fifii naas
    yitrG$$Ciduun Ia-lli yiftir fi sahar
    rum{Jaan. There are people who keep
    an eye on those who do not fast during
    the month of Ramadan. ..J...p H _;.J-.1
    _r.--kll 1-l:zanas yitra$$Gd lat-teer. The
    snake is lying in wait for the bird.

    Jl

    ~ J ra$iid
    I. balance. 2. available
    funds. ~) .J )~ ~ seek b-duun
    ra,~iid bad check,
    check without
    sufficient funds to cover it.
    ~~.)

    1'$$

    d') ra$$ (If ..r- yri$$) to press together,


    pack well. ~~I I) _r-:)1 d' J ra$~
    t-tamir fl 1-guuniyya. He packed the
    dates very well in the container.
    ~Jl ria$$

    VIII to be pressed or
    packed together. ~~~I) _r-:)1 ~)
    riG$$ t-tamir fl 1-guuniyya. The dates
    were
    very well packed in the

    269
    f_co{Jim. There are birds that crack

    container.
    ~J rO$$ (v.n. from ...r'J YO$$) pressing
    together, packing well. l,.::. \II l,?h ._r>J

    bones.

    . ~.;

    ~ L... ~ ~ ~

    rO$$ hoooi
    1- 'osyo boc{Joho cofo boco{J mo yfiid.

    ra{J{J (J' r- yri{J{J) to bruise s.th.


    ...__.IJ ._;.J) ._;.J \II ~ C L1 taal:z cafo
    1-'ar{J w-ra{J{J raasa. He fell to the

    JP J

    Pressing these things together on top


    of each other doesn't help.

    ground and bruised his head.

    a....,.,J r0$$0 p. -oot I. bundle, parcel,

    JP _;-il nra{J{J VII to be or become


    bruised . ..}_,5'UJI ,y ~ J> }I nraM
    $Ubca min c-caakuuc. His finger got
    bruised by the hammer.

    package. ~ ......,J r0$$01 kutub bundle


    of books. 2. ream (of paper) .3JJ ......, J
    rO$$Of worog ream of paper.
    ~L_o:, J

    r0$00$ (coli.) I. lead. I~


    ~)\11 ~ ~) .:..r" ,J'l....p) .:..r" ~I
    /:zO$$Olo;,.,_, 'osiyo min r0$00$ min goryot
    hiili 1-'o()oriyyo. They found things

    JP J

    J~..) Y$/
    ~ J ri$oj ( ._j..p f- yor$if} to pave, lay
    with stone. ~Y- J5' t.}~ ._j..p; ~-LWI
    1-bolodiyyo tor;>if sowooric kill yoom.
    The municipality paves streets every
    day.

    ~ J ro$ii/ p. ~) 'ors(fa I.
    pavement.
    2. sidewalk. 3. dock,
    wharf.
    ~.;~.;

    r{Jr{J

    JP ~J ra{Jra{J (..):> _rP f- yra{Jri{J)


    tenderize.

    I. to

    r l ..;.LJ ..):>.r-Pf- yL...Ull

    l-ga$$aab yra{Jri{J-lic 1-laf:zam. The


    butcher will tenderize the meat for you
    (f.s.). 2. to crack, smash, break . .Y
    ~I ..):>_r-P; J~ fii tyuur tra{Jri{J

    raM

    (v.n.
    bruising, bruise.

    from J>J raM)

    J ra{J{Ja p. -aat (n. of inst.) one


    bruise, one act of bruising. ~ l.k
    ~} W J <I.__., I) ._;. J) J> J \II taal:z cafo

    made of lead in the archeological


    village of Hili. ...r'l___.pJ ~ gofom
    ro$OO$ pencil. 2. (s . ......,L.oJ ro$OO$O p.
    -oot) bullet. ..:..L.ol...oJ .:.......... y .rP {Jirob
    silt ro$OO$OOt. He fired six bullets.
    Lpl..pJ r0$$00$0 p. -oot clothespin.

    r{J{J

    1-'ar{J w-ra{J{J raasa ra{J{Ja gawiyya.


    He fell to the ground and bruised his
    head badly.

    t ~..)

    r{Jc

    t:P J ri{Jac (r:::P f- yir{Jac) to nurse, suck


    milk at a mother's breast. e:::--P f- Jk
    .:.r;::-.

    o~ Jl....p ~I

    {Jail yir{Jac 'ileen

    $aar cumra sanateen. He continued to


    nurse until he was two years old.
    ~J

    ra(J{Jac II to breast-feed a baby:

    ~ o~ Jl....p 0:-JI ~) ~ .ul

    'umma {Jallat tra{J{Jca 'ileen $aar


    cumra sanateen. His mother continued
    to breast-feed him until he became two
    years old. !~ J ~} 1h~ yaf!a
    guumay ra{J9cii! Come on, go nurse
    him!
    ~ J ra{JW p. 0L........;:. J ri{Jcaan, cP J
    ri{J{Jac suckling, infant, baby. ..::.....Q.._;.
    J _,....JI l) ~ J ~U. 0 .;> tift f:zurma
    saayla ra{JUC fi s-suug. I saw a woman

    270

    carrying a baby in the marketplace.


    ts.I..,P J ra{J9aaca p. -aat

    I. nursing

    bottle. L:JI..Aki ~IJ 4&-1...,;:, )1 j-.:.-; L. .:}i~i ni/:lin ma nistacmi[ r-ra{J9aaca


    wiwa 'atfaalna 'abdan. We never use
    nursing bottles with our babies. 2. wet
    nurse. L:JI..Aki c:P; J rY- JS' ~ 4&-1...,;:, )I
    r-ra{J9aaca tiyi kill yoom w-tra{J9ic
    'atfaa/na. The wet nurse comes every
    day and suckles our young.

    ,;

    rpf

    ~ J ripiif p. .JLiliJ ripfaan young

    boy whose job is to help the rope-man


    on a ship (See ~ seeb rope-man
    under "':'II V" syb ).

    'i ,;

    rpy

    ~)

    ripa (~r- yirpa) I. to be


    satisfied, be content. '-"'}AJ~ ~ J L.
    U.~l ~ ~I ma ripa b-li-jluus illi
    ca{eeta-waaha. He wasn't satisfied
    with the money I gave him. ~ r- L.
    ~ c..?4 ma yirpa b-'awa saw. He isn't
    satisfied with anything. 2. to agree,
    accept. L.;~IJ ~ ~ J ripa yiyi
    wiyyaana. He agreed to come with us.
    3. to be pleased. U. ~ ~ r- ~L.
    t l__..;:, J \II ma/:1/:lad yirpa ca[a
    hal- 'awoaac. No one is pleased with
    these ~ircumstances. ~ ~ r- 11
    'a!!a yirpa cateek May God be pleased
    with you. (prov.) o;..>.: ~ .r- Lo
    J J.r'" J o_?-; ~ f- 'illi ma yirpa b-yizza
    yirpa b-yizza w-xaruuf Cut your
    losses and run. Half a loaf is better
    than none. (lit., "He who doesn't like
    to give the shorn wool of a lamb may
    (one day] have to give the shorn wool
    and the lamb.")

    Jll

    ~ J rappa II
    I. to satisfy, please,
    gratify. ~; J+-1~ y muu b-s-sahil
    trappii. He's not easy to please. L..
    ~ f- ~ c.? J.)l ma-dri su yra9{Jii. I
    don't know what can satisfy him. 2. to
    appease, pacify, mollify. c..?.J-!i ~J
    J_,J. ,:.r--- .JlA.A-- .Jl5' -J~ rappeet 'ubuuy
    llnna caan /:lamgaan min taraji. I
    made up with my father because he
    was mad at me. 4&-1...,;:, )~ j.t>L:I,.I ..:.....PJ
    rappat 1-yaahil b-r-rappaaca. She
    placated the child with the nursing
    bottle.
    ~I;

    raapa

    III I.

    II

    ~J

    ra(J(Ja.

    ~IJ (.JJ . ..!.Lt )> .:.r' .Jl....AA-- /:lamgaan

    min {arafak ruu/:1 raapii. He is mad at


    you. Go make up with him. 2. to
    reconcile, conciliate. ~_,1 o..L.o
    Jw,
    r-+-""'IJ L..;.;... J . 0_,5'~ Lo $aar-lahum
    mudda tawiila ma yit/:laacuun. ri/:lna
    nraapiihum. They haven't spoken to
    each other for a long time. We went to
    reconcile them.

    rA

    ~I.J

    traa(ia VI to come to terms,


    settle differences with each other. I.J"'!
    ~ Jf. .J_rOI~ r----"' -~ bass
    xa!!hum. hum yitraa(iuun b-ruu/:1/:lum.
    You just leave them alone. They will
    settle their differences by themselves.
    ~)

    ri(ia (v.n. from ~ J ri(Ja)


    satisfaction, agreement, approval. lh
    ~..UI_,ll ~ J .:..r-- haaoa min ri(Ja
    1-waaldeen.
    This (e.g., success,
    wealth, etc.) is due to my parent's
    satisfaction. ~ !.I~J ~i 'abga
    ri(iaac
    calawa.
    I
    seek your
    satisfaction.
    o~1)4 b-li-mraa(iaa amicably, with
    mutual satisfaction.

    271
    ~~.J

    raa9i p. -yiin (act. part. from


    ri9a) I. (with d' can) satisfied
    with s.o. ~ ~~J ..:r-..UI)I 1-waalden
    raa9yiin canni. My parents are
    satisfied with me. 2. (with y b-)
    content with. Lf=JLt: ~~J . ~
    miskiina. raa9ya b-baalatta. Poor
    thing. She is content with her
    situation. 3. willing, ready. ~IJ ..:..,.ji
    ~L.;41J ~ 'inta raa9i tiyi wtyyaana?
    Are you willing to come with us?

    b-racda min !-bard. He shivered from


    the cold.

    ~J

    dMt..;

    J--.s-.J rica (~f.. yracis) to shake,


    tremble (from the cold or illness) . .Y"
    ~ _r.. .~ JI..,.,.J huwa rayyaal Cibiir.
    yraciS. He's an old man. He is
    trembling.
    .1-J.JI

    humidity, dampness,
    moisture . .h:-4-JI l) ...L>.IJ ~ ~_,k J ~ fii
    ru(uuba hini waayidfi l-gee9. There is
    high humidity here in the summer.
    Jt.; red
    ricad

    VIII to shiver, tremble,


    shake. :.p-JI Lr" ..w) rticad min /-bard.
    He shivered from the cold. .P.) ..w)
    ...L.. ~I ...:;... ,J----P C:: rfiCad leen simac \wot
    1- 'as ad. He trembled when he heard
    the lion's sound.
    LIU)I rficad

    JS.)

    ~.J rae sap. -aat (n. of inst.) shiver,


    trembling, shaking.

    .._j

    t.;

    rej

    J.-s..J ricaj (~f.. yircif) to have a


    nosebleed . .JI.r-"'" .:.> ~ ~ ..._As._r.. ~
    xasma yircif leen ykuun f:zarraan. He
    has a nosebleed when he is hot.
    J~ .J rcaaf (v.n.) nosebleed, nosebleeding.
    ~f

    r~ f..

    yircid) to thunder.
    ~ ...L>.IJ ....\.&-; \.. . ~...UI d-dinya rna tircid
    waayid hni. It doesn't often thunder
    here.
    J....S.)

    VIII to tremble, shake.

    l-mara9 illi fii. His body is trembling


    from the illness he's afflicted with.

    ~.J ratib p. -iin humid, wet. ls-'" 1}>1


    ~I l) ..,_..bJJ J~ 1-hawa hnf f:zaarr

    ~}'.) ruruuba

    rfiCas

    ~ ~~ ..}>.).1 ,:,r" ~ _r.. yirfiCis min

    "':' ~.; rtb

    w-ratib fi l-gee9. The weather here is


    hot and humid in the summer. ~ J...u!.l
    ~J li-hduum ratbiin. The clothes are
    wet.

    res

    rae ad thunder.

    p. -aat (~J raesa is more


    common)
    (n. of inst.) shiver,
    trembling. :. _r.-JI i f o....l&-f. yl.,a.il n~aab
    oJS.) racda

    mi/Cif(act. part.) nOSebleeding.


    xasma mircif. He is
    nosebleeding. (lit., "His nose is
    bleeding.").
    .......A.....s-

    'it.;

    .r ~

    rcy
    ~)

    rica (,f-f.. yirca) l. to graze, eat


    herbs and grass. ~I)IJ .:.>yf..~\
    ~l-.:1) 1-ganam yircuun w-r-raaci
    wiiyyaahum. The sheep are grazing
    and the shepherd is with them. 2. to
    take care of, tend, guard. ,f'f.. ,f-1)1
    ~I r-raaci yirca 1-ganam. A shepherd
    tends a flock of sheep. 3. to protect,
    guard, take care of. ! 11 .!.\~ J racaak
    a!!aah! God protect you!

    272
    ~~J

    raaca III 1. to observe, heed,


    respect. ..:il_,..jl ~1_,; ../'J rj'Y laazim
    traaci gawaaniim s-swaaga. You must
    observe driving regulations . ./I) rj'Y
    L_,;\.!JI .:_,-:!.)'>WI ul.)l..s- laazim traaci
    caadaat 1-balaadiin 8-0aanya. You
    have to respect the customs of other
    countries. t..f )>L>- ~I.J raaca xaa{ri.
    He respected my feelings. 2. to be
    lenient with s.o. 0l-:.. 'YI <J o~I.J rl-11
    J..u. y .)-"' . ~) 1-mucal!im raacaa ji
    li-mtil;aan w-najjal;a. muub cadi!. The
    teacher was lenient with him on the
    examination and passed him. This is
    not justice. 3. to make provision, see
    to it that. ..u-i ~'..r- Lo .~ t..fy...::.; 'Y
    _ro.-Jt, Ia tistiri ~inna. ma yraaci 'al;ad
    b-s-sicir.
    Don't buy from him. He
    doesn't do well to anyone on the price .
    .!...L--;..o t.f~i ~1; b! 'ioa traaciini
    'astiri minnak. If you treat me well, I
    will buy from you.
    ~J

    raciyya p. l:!~.J racaayaa subjects,

    citizens.
    ~

    .r

    marca p . ../l.r' maraaci grazing


    land, pasture. ~1)1 c. ~I r_)-!. JS
    <.?}I ~ rJI ..i.:.:-l:! kill yoom $-$abaal;
    r-raaci yaaxio 1-ganam l;agg 1-marca.
    Every day in the morning the shepherd
    takes the sheep to the grazing land.
    ~1)1

    1-maraaci well-known dairy


    company in the Emirates and in Saudi

    Arabia.

    1. care, attention,
    consideration. JAkll "-:!~J :?.r' markaz
    ricaayat t-tifil center for child care,
    L-t_l&-) ricaaya

    health center for children.


    2.
    sponsorship, patronage. oJ_,.s:JI ol}-~
    ~LJ.I ~~) ~
    rnubaaraat

    rH'

    1-kuura
    1-yoorn
    tal;at
    ricaayat
    1-l;aakim. The soccer game today is
    sponsored by the ruler.

    ../''J raaci (act. part. from,_? .J rica)

    I.
    (p. 0~ .J ricyaan) shepherd, herdsman.
    2. (p. -yiin) owner, proprietor. ~~J
    ~I raaci t-taksi the taxicab owner.
    0~ ..UI ~I.J raaci d-dikkaan the
    shopkeeper. (prov.) L..... ~I ~IJ
    raaci n-ni$iifa saalirn. Half a loaf is
    better than none. Cut your losses and
    run. 3. (p. o~.J rucaa) only in ~I o~ J
    rucaat !-hagar the cowboys.

    ~t,.J rgb
    ~) raggab II (with <Jji) to interest
    s.o. in s.th., excite s.o.'s interest in
    s.th. <J ~.J ~~ r"' U'.J.)i ~ L..
    a...........I.J..UI rna bageet 'adris. huwa IIi
    raggabni ji d-diraasa. I didn't want to
    study. He is the one who got me
    interested in studying. <J ~.J JY.l.ll
    4-::!.r---::.IJ o},~.....-J1 d-dallaal raggabnifi
    s-sayyaara w-stareetta. The dealer got
    me enthusiastic about the car and I
    bought it.

    ~) ragba p. -aat wish, desire. ~J.:.$.


    ~IJ.) J-.Si L::! ~ Y:.J cindi ragba ya
    yuba 'akarnrnil diraasti. I intend, Dad,
    to complete my studies. I.A.~ L.. ~~
    ~L...A. J' _,.-.tU y J l-bint rna cindaha
    ragba tcarris hall;iin. The girl doesn't
    have a desire to get married now.

    .r

    y ,S.
    sought

    rnarguub in demand, coveted,


    after, desirable. ..:..>1}:----ll

    ~~ .J ~ )---S'i ~~ .r' a....A\;1,.1


    s-sayyaaraat l-jaabaaniyya rnarguuba
    'ak8ar sayy ji 1-xaliij. Japanese cars
    are the most in demand in the Gulf.

    273
    ~ Y .rS-f' ~ sux~ marguub fii.
    persona grata ~ y .rS-f ~ ~
    sux~ geer marguub fii. persona non
    grata. y .rS-f' ~\ J.-.5" . .:;_, ~ 4...- _,s:J.-1
    ~ li-l:zkuuma saffarat kill 1-geer
    marguub fiihum. The government
    deported all the undesireble people.

    on the way until we arrived in Dubai.

    J..-JJ

    rifiij p. ~uJ rifaayij, JL.UJ


    1. friend, buddy, pal. ~ J
    ~ ~ L... rifiiji saalim ysallim
    cafeek. My friend Salim sends you his
    regards. 2. companion. ~~..t..p y .r
    _;A-. ~J ..r-! muub ~idiij; bass rifiij
    safar. He's not a friend; he's only a
    travel companion.

    rijjaan.

    ~t..J rgm
    ~) 'argam IV to force, compel.
    ~ o~) 'argamoo yistagiil. They
    forced him to resign. ~ ;; )j_,.ll ....:.....$:.)
    ~...l;:.)\ ~

    'argamta 1-wazaara cafa


    tafniis t-tindeel. The ministry forced
    him to fire the supervisor.

    a...A.) J rifiija p. -aat


    mistress.

    J .;JJ rafraf (.._;,} .r- yrafrif) l. to flap


    the wings. ~ ..b. 0) .._;,} .r- j1; _r-hjl
    ;; ~I t-teer ()all yrafrifleen l:zatt cafa
    li-syara. The bird continued to flap its
    wings until it lit on the tree. 2. to
    flutter. .._;,}.r- ~\ f-cafam yrafrif. The
    flag is fluttering.

    J-!IJ raafaj

    ~J..J rfs

    ._,.....! J rifas (~ .r- yarfis) to kick. \..i_.,


    ~ .r- ~~ haaoa 1-bagal yarfis. This

    J-:.-

    ~ ~

    o...Lo 4-0'J

    <.f"""!

    n.~.=

    mule kicks. JL.a..:ll ~J rfasa li-l:z~aan.


    The horse kicked him.

    J; rna

    tazawwajha; bass raafaja muddat


    xams siniin. He didn't marry her; he
    was just her intimate friend for five
    years.
    J!lj traafaj VI to become friends, be
    intimate with each other. ~\) ..:...A.!IJ
    ....__::;,:.\ c_J) J--:>:-'} U> y.i traafajt wiyya
    'uxuuha lajil 'azzawwaj 'ixta. I became
    friends with her brother so that I could
    marry his sister. u) ~p\ 0 ~1;
    ~~ LL) traafajna ji (-(ariig leen
    wi~alna dbayy. We were companions

    l. girl friend. 2.

    J,) J,) rfrf

    [ J..J rjj
    III (less common var.
    raafag) 1. to accompany s.o. o\..:...0\J
    ;;.r-Lk.ll ..;~ ~ raafajnaa leen dass
    t-taayra. We accompanied him until
    he entered the plane. 2. to become
    friends with s.o. associate closely with
    ~1; '} Ia traafl}
    s.o. V'UI ~j_.,
    mi8il haoeel n-naas. Don't associate
    with people like these. 3. to be on
    intimate terms with, go with. L..

    L...J J rafsa p. -aat (n. of inst.) one


    kick, a kick.
    ~

    J..J rfo
    .;a.JJ rifa9 (__,a; .r- yarfu(J) to refuse to
    accept, reject, tum down. ~~Y- __,a; J
    ~1)1 0 o~t.)l ~ ~ rifa(J ywaafig
    cafa talab z-ziyaada fi r-raatib. He
    refused to approve the request for the
    salary increase. U..WI .r-..lll __,a; J rifa(J
    1-mudiir 1-mucaama/a. The director
    rejected the (business) transaction.
    _ ;.,jj\1 ~ J ~L..PJ\ 1-gaa(Ji rifa9
    1-ga(Jiyya. The judge dismissed the

    274

    case. f.$;~ Ja-i; rifa{J soori. He


    turned down my suggestion.

    JAJJ

    rafo refusal, rejection. L. ~i


    ~ )~ .J~ yi_,...J:-1 ;~i .:;..:S 'a bad
    rna cint 'at$awwar 1-jawaab ykuun
    b-r-rafo. It never occurred to me that
    the answer would be a refusal.

    t J.J

    rjc

    ~ J rifac

    re

    l. to lift, raise,
    lift up. y# ~I
    ;-IZ tigdar tirfac
    'imyat keelu? Can you lift one hundred
    kilograms? 2. to raise. ~ J ....-:..JJ
    .JI.r.--11 ~ rifacta w-batteta ca[a
    1-miizaan. I raised it and put it on the
    Ia tirfac
    scale !~ ,y ..!1"_r0
    $OOtak min fa{Jlak! Don't raise your
    voice, please! ~ i y.. J5' ~I 0 yJ . r.
    yirjacuun [-ca[am kill yoom xamiis.
    They raise the flag every Thursday. 3.
    to increase, mark higher . ./'-" I_,....J J
    0~IJ ~I rfacaw sicr s-sakar
    w-li-ghawa. They raised the prices of
    sugar and coffee. 4. to take away,
    remove. !~ ')/ !!.I~ ~;I 'irfac
    yaddak! Ia tilmasni! Take your hand
    offl Don't touch me! .:_r-o .....rl I_,....J;
    ~ _r.-!.11 ~ rfacaw 'isma min liistat
    1-masbuuhiin. They removed his name
    from the list of suspects. 5. to submit,
    present, forward. ...::.-..dJ o} ..,..:ll o)jJ
    ...::_,b;I_,JIJ d;~WI ,:.rs- ..r..;Z wazaarat
    t-tijaara rfacat tagriir can $-$aadiraat
    w-1-waaridaat.
    The ministry of
    commerce submitted a report about
    exports and imports. .JI.J-:!..UI ,_r-:JJ
    ..r.---- ~I J-->" ~I
    J f.$ ..r.---- ~I ra 'iis
    d-diiwaan 1-'amiiri rifac t-talab bagg
    1-'amiir. The director of the Emiri
    court forwarded the request to the
    ..1- yirfac)

    e;

    c!) ')/

    c-t

    Emir. 6. (with lS.rs-~ dacwa) to sue,


    bring legal action against s.o. ~;
    iS"~I ~ lSy~ rifac dacwa ca[a
    s-sarika. He sued the company.

    t-iJ

    ra.ffac II to promote, raise s.o. in


    salary or rank. ~ ~...L;i J~) A~;
    W _,s:J1 ra.ffacoo W-$aar tindeel caJa
    1-kuu/iyya. They promoted him and he
    became a supervisor over the coolies.
    o~..J.>.. o}:--" f.$~1 A~; ..r-! bass
    raffacoo stira sayyaara yidiida. As
    soon as they promoted him, he bought
    anew car.
    ~ .J tra.ffac

    V 1. to be promoted. c};
    ~L.,;:. ~ J Jl tra.ffac 'ila rutbat {Jaabi{.
    He was promoted to the rank of
    officer. 2. to be too proud, look down.
    ~..ull ~ .) ...u. JJY- [).Itraffac
    yruub yzuur hala.fi beettum 1-gadiim.
    He was too proud to go visit his folks
    in their old home. J=..- J\.i....;.i ,y- c} fi
    <JL yitra.ffac can 'asgaa/ mi(}i/ haaoi.
    He looks down upon jobs similar to
    these.

    e;

    ~Jl rtifac VIII 1. to become higher,

    go up, rise. .) ~ ..1- ~I; .1W:JI .;A-'


    ~I sicr {-{amaa{ raayib yirtific fi
    1-gee{J. The price of tomatoes is going
    to go up in the swnmer. L. ~_,1. )'
    ~I .) ~) r-ru{uuba rna tirtific fi
    s-sita. Hwnidity doesn't increase in
    the winter. .Jl..A.A-- ;l...:> ~ ~) ...;.J-P
    $OOta rtifac leen $Gar bamgaan. His
    voice rose when he got mad.

    t-iJ

    e)

    ra.fic (v .n. from


    rifac) lifting .
    J raf
    ralSlng, hoisting. JL.A;~I
    1- 'a(}gaal weight lifting.
    raf
    t-cafam raising the flag.

    c-t

    r-WI e)

    275
    ~ J rifiic thin, slender c..;.;~ dijiij is
    more common. See under ...!: ...!: .1 dgg).

    ~.J tarfiic p. -aat (v.n. from II e:}J


    raffac) promotion. ~ ~ .J JL.,..
    ~ cj; J- Lo) ~ ~aar-la yistagil
    casar siniin w-ma l)a~~al tarfiic bacad
    He's been working for ten years and
    hasn't been promoted yet.

    Jii.J'" mraafig p. -iin (act. part. from III


    J-iiJ raafag)

    1. escort. 2. aide, aide-

    de-camp.
    ~~.; rgb

    I. rise. Jt.......... ~I t. l_Aj)


    rtifaac 1-'ascaar rise of prices. 2.
    increase. ~I t. l.Qj.;1 rtifaac 1-maciisa
    high cost of living.
    3. height,
    elevation, altitude. V-1 t. l.Qj) rtifaac
    1-yiba/ the altitude of the mountain.

    ~IJ raagab
    III to watch, observe,
    keep an eye on. ~I ..,_..;l_r- ~.rJI
    r~lf-cariifyraagib ,v-,vaff1-yoom. The
    prefect is watching over the class
    today. !~ JJ . .!..1-,il_r- ..l>-l.J ma/:ll)ad
    yraagibc. ruul)i! Nobody is watching
    you. Go!..; r.il.r- d.k_r.ll . ..J;.O> ~~ ,y y.
    huwa min 1-masbuuhiin. s-sirta
    yraagbuuna. He's one of the suspects.
    The police have him under surveillance.

    ~ )-"

    WJ

    t_ UjJI rtifaac p. -aat (v.n. from VIII


    ~.;1 rtifac)

    mitraffic p. -iin 1. having been


    mitraffic
    promoted. ~ J-:i
    gabil santeen. He was promoted two
    years ago.
    2. arrogant, snobbish,
    haughty.

    e]-"

    ~~.; rff

    J raff (._j .r- yriff) to twitch, quiver.

    ._j _;--1 ~

    ceena trif.f His eye is

    twitching.

    J J raff p . ._j ~J 1juuj


    ledge. 3. flight (of birds).

    I. shelf. 2.

    ~~.; rfg

    J-!IJ raafag III (more common var.


    raafaj) to accompany, escort. See
    under ~ .J ..J rjj.

    J-ii.J traafag VI (more common var.


    traafaj) to become friends, intimate
    with each other. See under~ .J..J rjj.
    ~.) rijiig p. J:!GJ rifaayig, JL.QjJ
    rifgaan (more common var. rijiij)
    friend, buddy, etc. See under ~.J..J rjj.

    rguba p. y\;J rgaab neck. l_,.,.k.;


    g[acaw rgubta. They cut through
    his neck. ~J L) ~ xa[iita fi
    rgubtak
    His mistake is your
    responsiblity. '0 p$" ~~.;; 4 .r. b-rgubta
    Cibiira.
    He's got the
    caayla
    responsiblity of a large family.
    ~J

    ~J ragiib p. L....,;J rugaba (less


    common var. ~J raqiib, ragiib) 1.
    sergeant. J)i ~J ragiib 'awwal
    sergeant-major. 2. censor. ~J ~
    (f...>-'il '0 )j) J..-> yistagil ragiib l)agg
    wazaarat 1-'icfaam. He works as a
    censor for the ministry of information.
    ~liJ ragaaba censorship.

    iJI.;" mraagaba (v.n. from III ~~J


    raagab) 1. observation, surveillance.
    2. monitoring, overseeing.
    ~~.;" mraagib p. -iin (act. part. from

    III

    ~IJ

    raagab) prefect, monitor.

    J ~.; rgd

    ..UJ rigad (...U .1- yargid) 1. to sleep. ~

    276
    _,.....w1 ~L.- 0 J...U.fl. '-"'L.:.ll hini n-naas
    yarigduun saact p-puhur. Here people
    take a nap at noontime. _;.>-..JI J Ju

    r~ J--S' ..::...~L- c::--- ...u) rj'Y

    gal-li
    d-daxtar laazim 'argid sabic saacaat
    kill yoom. The doctor told me I had to
    sleep seven hours a night. ~~~ ..U; 'Y
    Ia targid oalf:ziin. Don't sleep now. 2.
    to go to bed, retire. ..l..i} (.J~ l.:.J..,:.
    xa!!na nruuf:z nargid. Let's go to bed.
    ~I ~ ..::......UJ G,.\>....JI d-diyaaya
    rgadat cafa /-beep. The chicken sat on
    the eggs.

    ..li.) raggad II to put s.o. to bed, to put


    s.o. to sleep. LA~ ..::......UJ r~l 1-'umm
    raggadat cyaa{ha. The mother put her
    children to sleep. .._,.....i J\k>. t.;~ \>..
    L..!Jll ..!..l....:t~ \_j~ 1"""'\_j...U) yaa c;ndana
    xuttaar 'ams. raggadnaahum c;ndana
    1-leela. We had guests yesterday.
    We put them up at our place that night.

    ~~.J rg$
    ~) riga$ (~.fl. yargi$) to dance.
    ~J ~.fl. .:r-li ..::...W.WI n-naccaasaat

    gaaman yarig$in w-ygannin. The


    female dancers started to dance and

    sing. ~) J ~~ L...o ~ ~ri ~ fi


    'amriika hni ma carf 'argi$. In
    America here I don't know how to
    dance. c_r-<i.ll .:.r-- ...:.-.,.a.i) riga$( min
    1-faraf:z. I danced for joy.
    ~.) ragga$

    II to make dance. y\>..


    oiJJ .:..r- '-"' _rli ~ J .._;JJ .J~ yaab
    sbaala w-ragga$a w-/:la$$al jluus min
    waraa. He brought his monkey, made
    him dance, and got money because of
    him.
    ~.J tragga$ V to prance, swagger.
    ~. ._,...:; }-!. yitragga$ b-ma8yita. He

    oiic

    prances in his gait. He prances when


    he walks.

    o.Li.) ragda p. -aat (n. of inst.) manner


    of lying, lying position. ~ o...U J ...UJ
    rigad ragda
    haniyya. He slept
    soundly.

    ..rz-l.J

    ~u.) rgaad (v.n. from ..UJ rigad) sleep,


    sleeping. US' ~~ ~\..... ~ l:.:>-- ,y
    .:.UJ min yiina la-nasseena saacat
    $-$ubf:z killa rgaad. From the time we
    came until we woke up in the
    morning, we were sleeping the whole
    time . .:r-U y Y' J$'~1 ~ .:.li)I r-rgaad
    cugb 1-'akil muub zeen. Going to bed
    after eating is not healthy.
    .UI.) raagid p. -iin (act. part. from ...UJ

    rigad) sleeping, asleep. o..UIJ 4..:>:-\>....JI


    ~~ ~ d-diyaaya raagda

    cafa

    /-beep. The chicken is sitting on the


    eggs.

    rag$ (v.n. from ~J rigO$)


    dancing, dance. L:iliJ ~)I r-rag$
    w-1-gina dancing and singing. ~J
    <.,?'/' ~ J rig$af rag$ carabi. She
    belly-danced.
    ~.) rag$ a p. -aat (n. of inst.) a dance,
    one dance .

    V"'ll.) raggaa$ p. -aat as in ~WI ..f'liJ


    raggaa$ s-saaca the pendulum.
    .b~.; rgt

    .kJ.) raggat II to speckle, spot s.th.


    a.....A1ll J .k.J) :...J ..::.-li J '-"') _,.ll ~)
    I~ J I ? rif:zt li-mwarris w-git-la:

    "raggi(-li 1-xalga f:zamra w-xapra. "I


    went to the dyer and said to him:
    "Speckle this piece of cloth red and
    green for me."

    277

    ..h...l}

    'argat p. ..h..j.J rug{ speckled,


    spotted. f. L.b:i.J ragta. .b.;) ~.:> diic
    'argat speckled rooster. L.b:i.J ......,_~_,..:>
    diyaaya rag(a speckled chicken.

    t ~...)

    rgc

    e:-J) rigac ((:} ..1- yirgac) to patch. l? .:>IS'


    ~.)

    .~ d....iy

    ~)

    raggac

    caan ji ()ooba ()agb.


    rgaca. There was a whole in his
    dishdash. He patched it.
    II

    to patch, mend. J\.1

    'j) yl_,.....:ll 0 _,.....,.:; ..1- L...... ._,..L..;

    r$"-"' !l ~

    ~ ~ ....,.....-! ~I _,.:I,. I taal cumrak hini


    naas ma yrggcuun li-8waab walla
    1-juwaati. bass yigittuunhum. People
    here, may you live long, don't patch
    dishdashes or mend shoes. They just
    throw them away.
    ~)

    rugca p.

    0 _,J ~

    c}.J rugae

    1. patch. (,>.i...

    .:.r --..:;)I haaoi r-rugca min

    geer loon. This patch is of a different


    color. 2. lot, piece of land. w .J (,>..1.:>~1 ._,..1_; l?
    cindi rugca ji raas
    1-xeema. I have a piece of land in Ras
    Al-Khaima. 3. gold piece of jewelry
    worn on the forehead by women. 4.
    stern of a ship.
    ~~...) rgg

    !.1) rigg p. !l y--5'.J rguug oil rig. J..ai


    ~ ...L.>.-IJ !l _y-S'_; t~za~,sil rguug waajid
    hini. You will find many oil rigs here.

    ...,fJ raggi (coli.) watermelons (only i~


    Ras Al-Khaima, Saudi and Iraqi
    Arabic). s. ~.J raggiyya p. -aat.

    ~I 'j) c---)1 ~ ~ ~)I


    r-raggi nsammii hni "l-yihb" walla
    "l-jihb." We call r-raggi "l-yihb" or
    "1-jil:zl:z" here. JK ~.:> _,.,..._ll JL.
    )I

    ~ r-raggi maal s-sucuudiyya killis


    tayyib. The watermelons of Saudi
    Arabia are very delicious.

    JLJ) rgaag (coli.) thin, flat bread. s.


    ;;j\.i.J rgaaga p. -a at.
    ~~...) rgm
    ~) raggam II to number, ~ive _a
    number to s.th. ~ ..:.;WkJI J-.J.... ~ .J
    J_,......,)/1 raggim haoeel t-talabaat f:zasb
    1-'u~uul. Number these applications
    according to regulations.

    ~) ragam p. rli) 'arg~am I. numer~l.


    ~ J! ..b-1) i f rli_;'ill-'argaam mzn
    waaf:zid 'ila casara the numerals from
    one to ten. 2. number, No . ..b-1) o.}
    numra waaf:zid No. 1, the best. J=..L.>""Y ~.J sajjal ragam giyaasi. He set
    ~record (in athletics).
    ~j

    targiim (v.n. from II~ .J raggam)


    numbering, numeration.
    ~ /'

    mraggam (p.p.) numbered,


    having been given a number.
    ~d..)

    rkb

    ~) rikab (rieab is more common).

    See

    under"'="~,;

    reb.

    ~) rakkab II (raceab is more


    common). See under"':'~,; reb.
    ~ j trakkab V (traeeab is more
    common). See under"':'~,; reb .

    ~) rtikab
    VIII
    to commit,
    perpetrate (a sin, a crime). _?i 0)
    ....:.:.., J->- l) ~.r .:.r-- rtikab 'ak8ar min
    jarrima ji f:zagg binta. He committed
    more than one crime with respect to
    his daughter.
    ~J rukba (common var. rieba) p.

    278
    ~ J rikab knee. J ;_yU ~J rkubti
    tcawwirni. My knee hurts. My knee is

    hurting me. 4....$")I ~ ~ yoom r-rukba


    (also known as ~..UI ~.H yoom
    d-dassa) the first day of pearling
    season.

    yl.S'J rkaab (rcaab is more common).


    See under "':" ti.J reb.
    ~~mar/cab p. ~lr maraakib
    ship, boat, vessel.
    ~~J raakib ('-? ~ cibri is more
    common). See under .J"':'t cbr.
    .J .:.1..) rkd

    J.5J rikad (f. yarkid) to be motionless, still, stagnant. J_;. .; J '-?U.I J.SJ
    J 0;-1.)1 rikad 1-maay w-niza1 t-{iin
    tal;at. The water became still and the
    mud settled to the bottom. j>-- ~ )
    !.:Lo.) .b..,;. .1.:.i 'irkid 1ajil 'aaxio (Jag(
    dammak! Be still so that I can take
    your blood pressure.

    J...5J rakkad II 1. to make quiet,


    motionless. ~i ;..Ui L.. o; L. l~l
    'ioa ma trakkda ma 'agdar 'astagil. If
    you don't calm him down, I cannot
    work.
    2. to make less painful,
    alleviate. C:::"'" }I J.Sf. IJ.) J~ _p..UI
    d-daxtar
    cataani duwa yrakkid
    1-wujac. The doctor gave me medicine
    to ease the pain.
    O.)l..S"'J rkaada (v.n. from; rikad) 1.
    quietness, tranquility.
    wisdom, discernment.

    2. prudence,

    O.)LS".}! b-rkaada (adv.) intelligently,


    judiciously.
    ~~J raakid (act. part. from J rikad)
    1. stagnant, still, motionless. 1; '-?L.

    maay raakid stagnant water. 2.


    sluggish. ~~I ..l.S'I; ..!.1-JI J .r" suug
    s-simac raakid 1-yoom. The fish
    market is sluggish today. I~IJ ~~
    ..lSI; 1-beec w-s-sira raakid Buying
    and selling is very slow. 3. (p.-iin)
    peaceful, tranquil, quiet.

    ,j .:.1..) rkz

    _?J

    rakkaz II 1. to plant or ram in the


    ground, set up. ~ }il cJ .).r--JI .:,SJ
    rakkaz 1-camuud .fi 1- 'ar(J. He set up
    the pole in the ground.
    2. to
    concentrate. ~~~ o~ JS' .:,SJ
    rakkaz kill tafkiira b-has-sayy. He
    concentrated all his thinking on this
    matter. 3. to fix, implant. JS' .:,SJ
    ~~ ..:.A-...::1...:!1 rakkaz kill t-tacliimaat
    b-oihna. He fixed all the instructions
    in his mind.

    j-5.J trakkaz

    V 1. to be set up,
    planted or rammed in the ground. 2.
    to be concentrated (on s.th.). 3. to be
    fixed, implanted.

    rtikaz VIII (with Js- ca1a) l. to


    lean, support one's weight on s.th. _,;.
    ~~~Pf..~~.)y-JL..;
    huwa rayyaal cood lil;yita bee(Ja
    yirtakiz ca1a 1-ca.~a. He is an old man
    whose beard is grey. He supports his
    weight on the cane. 2. to rest, be
    based on. o_,kjl Js- p_;f. . . .,A~I/-baab
    yirtakiz ca[a !-toofa. The wall is
    supporting the door.

    ;$J)\

    ;5r

    markaz p. _;Sir maraakiz. l.


    center. L.....)i J-> ~;..dl
    r markaz
    t-tadriib l;agg 'adma the ADMA
    Training Center.
    2. station. ;5/
    ~ _r.ll markaz 1-pooliis the police

    279

    station .

    times.

    .J;5r markazi central. ~.:?}I J _,_ll

    '4...) rukca p.

    1-markazi
    the
    central
    marketplace. ~.:? f 0 ~ }:ikuuma
    markazi;ya central government.

    kneeling down in prayer.

    s-suug

    _;...5r

    weak or feeble.

    becomes weak .

    ..JA-S'J

    rika(J (~f.. yarku(J) to run,


    race, rush. ~ ._;a..SJ rika(J miileen.

    raakk (act. part.) J-:.- r----"1>.UI)I a....:.,.b,...lll jaasim mi8l d-diyaaya


    r-raakka. Jasim is like a weakened
    !JIJ

    ~)

    1-paa~.

    Run so that
    we don't miss the bus. o..l..:s- J L,.:, l..o..l5"
    .r-..lll ~ ~f.. ~ kill-rna ~aar
    Cfnda muskila yarku(J ca{a 1-mudiir.
    Whenever he faces a problem, he runs
    to the director.
    'urku(J Ia yfuutna

    ..;a5)

    II to make run, race,


    rush. ~ ~J rakka(Jni miileen. He

    rakka(J

    chicken.

    4.5) rakka beginning of the pearling


    season. ~I J)i ~ J_0 ~~u. U )I
    r-rakka caadatan tkuun fi 'awwal
    1-gee(J. The pearling season is usually

    at the beginning of the summer .

    ulo!J..)

    made me run two miles.


    rak(J (v.n. from ~J rika(J)
    running. C!.r" ~J ~ J rika(J rak(J
    sarifC. He ran fast.

    from

    ~~J oj
    tawwa raaki(J miileen. He has just

    ._;,.SJ rika(J) I. having run.


    ~

    Islam are five. 3. (mil.) staff.~ J


    ~I Jl..S"') ra'iis 'arkaan l-jee the
    military chief of staff.

    run two miles. 2. runner, racer.

    t .:l.;

    'i lo!J ...)

    rkc

    cf)

    rkn
    ~.) rukun p. J\.5'") 'arkaan I. corner.
    JLS) t!) ~ o~~ \.A hal-/:lijrafiiha
    'arbac 'arkaan. This room has four
    corners. 2. principle, basic element.
    ~ (J..-,_.,~\ Jl.S) 'arkaan 1-'islaam
    xamsa. The principles or pillars of

    .;a-.5)

    ._;a.51J raaki(J p. -iin (act. part.

    cf.r- yirkac) to kneel down,

    drop to

    ~wlaat

    (J-f)uhur
    'arbac marraat.

    li-m~alliin

    yirkacuun

    During the midday


    prayer worshippers kneel down four

    ,.Icy

    'L$'.) rikya (ft! biir is more common).


    See under.; 'i '-:' byr .

    rikac (

    one's knees (in prayer). ~


    .;.;IT" C::-!) J_r- .r- ~~~I o~ ji

    (less common var.

    rae(:) -...r'~ ,a...._,.b,...lll ..::.-5') rakkat


    d-diyaaya, xalaa~. The chicken no
    longer had eggs. .!I..r-:! ~ ~~ JL.>.- )I
    r-rayyaal t-cood yrikk. An old man

    rk{)

    \.;j ~ "j

    rukac bowing and

    !l.) rakk (!.l.r- yrikk) to be or become

    murakkaz (p.p. from II ;SJ

    He ran two miles. -...r"WI

    lo!J lo!J ..) r kk

    rakkaz) 1. centralized, concentrated.


    2. condensed. j--S' f ~ }:ialiib
    murakkaz condensed milk.

    ~..)

    c!

    C ~...)

    rmh
    ~.)

    rumh p. C. L... J rmaah spear,

    javelin.

    280

    cJM f>..J

    J f>..J rmd

    ~J rims p.

    ~L...,. J

    rmaad (less common var.


    rumaad) ashes. ~L... .J .JL.,... J ~I J _).1
    nl:zirag /-beet W-$aar rmaad The
    house burned up and turned into ashes.

    1. symbol,
    emblem. 2. secret sign, code sign.
    j y .J rmuuz

    if' y_y (,)~

    ~.r .J ~..lA ~

    haaoi muub sayy. bass


    hadiyya ramziyya. This is not much.
    It's only a symbolic gift.
    r.JM f>..J rms
    ~J

    J f>..J

    V to become a widow.
    ;;~ ~J ...:;.._.L.; .~ maskiina.
    trammalat w-hiya $agiira. Poor thing.
    She became a widow when she was
    young.

    :u JuJ (,)j.JL.kll ..r-'J

    J-oJ rami/ (coil.) sand. L) . .::.. j} o}~\


    J-- )I s-sayyaara garrazat fi r-ramil.

    ~I

    s-seex rammas 1-mataarzi


    w-gal-la: "nabgi nruul:z 1-gana$." The
    Shaikh talked to the bodyguard and
    said to him: "We would like to go

    The car got stuck in the sand. y ~


    ya(irib b-r-ramil. He tells one's
    fortune in the sand.

    J- )~

    hunting."

    ~) ramli sandy. ~.J ~ $axar


    ramli sandy rocks. ,}-.J 0) loon ramli
    sandy color.

    If"'J rams (v.n.) talk, talking, speech.


    L...oJ ramsa (n. of inst.) one act of
    speech or talk. ~! 4....,..... )I ~ s-harramsa!? = ~!r~l ~ s-hal-kalaam!?

    What kind of talk is this!?

    rml

    J-o) trammal

    ~) rammas II to speak to s.o. ~I

    CJ~ ~

    rmuus eyelash.

    rl-i'

    :; f>..J rmz

    rimas (..r-- ..1- yarmis) to speak,


    talk . ..r-..1- ...l&-1..9 ~.)""! bass gaacid yarmis.
    He's just talking. (prov.) J~i Jl
    v----) .:;JIJ 'if-man 'aguul w-'il-man
    'armis. Nobody is listening. There's no
    use. (lit., "Whom will I tell and whom
    will I speak to?")

    .J

    ~~J rum(iaan Ramadan (name of


    the ninth month of the Islamic
    calendar, the month of fasting).
    0l..,;v.J ~ ( ~ ( j~ /-muslim /aazim
    y$uum sahar rumf}aan. A Muslim
    must fast the month of Ramadan. ~
    0L-;a.o.J cud rumf}aan the Ramadan
    Feast, Lesser Bairam. 0l.,a.o .J ~ talb
    rum(iaan the dog of Ramadan (fig.
    s.o. who doesn't fast the month of
    Ramadan). (prov.) 0l.,a.o.J ,y }"u
    J-----k.IIJ t_,_..J.:.I ~ su faakir min
    rum(iaan geer 1-yuuc w-f-cataS. Don't
    bite the hand that feeds you. Be good
    to those who have done you a favor.
    Don't dirty your own nest. (lit. "He
    remembers only the hunger and thirst
    of Ramadan.").

    rmaadi p. -yyiin gray, grayish,


    ash-colored. (,)~L... .J 0 _,J loon rmaadi
    gray color.

    ~.J-OJ ramzi symbolic.

    J-y

    .1;. f>..J rm(i

    ~~\...ilJ

    r J ramz p.

    rms

    uf>.J

    rmn

    iJLo) rummaan (coli.) pomegranates. s.

    281

    -a p. -aat. J_r-\1 <J 0L..J ~ L.. mafii


    rummaan fi s-suug. There are no
    pomegranates in the market. 0Lo )I
    ~ ~ r-rummaan yitfac hni.
    Pomegranates grow here. ~L.. .J ..:..
    kaleet rummaanteen. I ate two
    pomegranates.
    i..il.oJ rummaana p. -aat 1. pomegranate. 2. wooden piece on the poop deck
    used for securing sheets on a ship or a
    boat.
    J

    U.J

    rnd

    o..w J randa p. -aat (carpenter's) plane.


    J'_,S"L__;jiJ o..li )~

    0 ~ .r.-"" b.JI

    n-nijaajiir
    yistagluun
    b-r-randa
    w-c-caakuuc. Carpenters work with
    planes and hammers. 0~1 0 ~~
    o..li )~ ya{Jribuun 1-liil;aan b-r-randa.
    They use a plane on boards.

    ..!. U.J

    rng

    J-iJ

    rannag II to paint, dye, stain,


    color, tint. ~ ~I y~ ~ .J rannag
    baab !-beet xa{Jar. He painted the
    house door green. ~ ~ 0 _,A.; .r- .._,..li ~
    fii naas yrannguun sacarhum. There
    are people who dye their hair. I~
    ~ Jul ~ .r- JL.,. )I haaoa r-rayyaal
    yrannig li-hduum. This man dyes
    clothes.

    J-iJ

    rang p. Jl.i.J rnaag 1. paint. \.;,A.; J


    ~ J--..i .r. J J' ,a II
    rannagna
    ~-~anduug b-rang xa{Jar. We painted
    the box green. 2. dye. 3. color.

    uu.;

    .r mrannig p. -iin (act. part. from II

    ~J

    rannag) I. painter. 2 dyer.

    rnn

    iJ) rann (0 r. yrinn) to ring, resound.

    0 ~ 0 _,......A.l:ll t-talafoon yrinn. The


    telephone is ringing. <J 0 .T-J J~ dJ.J-P
    ~I JS ~oota caali w-yrinn fi kill
    /-beet. His voice is loud, and it
    resounds in the whole house.
    \JIJ raann (act. part. from 0.J rann)

    having rung. 01.J o~ 0 _,A.i:ll t-talafoon


    tawwa raann. The telephone has just
    rung.
    IJWJ rannaan ringing, resounding.
    0U .J ..::... .J-4' ~oot rannaan resounding
    voice.

    '"":' o.; rhb


    y\AJl'irhaab (v.n.) terror, terrorism.
    ~l..AJl

    'irhaabi 1. terroristic. ~
    camal'irhaabi terroristic act. 2.
    (p. -yyiin) terrorist.
    ~lA.Jl

    ~..:-AIJ

    raahib p. 0~ J ruhbaan priest,

    monk .
    :i..:AIJ raahiba p. -aat nun.

    JM O.;

    rhs

    J-AJ rihas (~ .r- yirhas) 1. to glitter,


    shine, sparkle. ~ .r- 0l5" UWI 0~
    fustaan n-naccaasa caan yirhas. The
    female dancer's dress was glittering.
    2. to twinkle. ~~ <J ~; ~y.-JI ~
    bac{J li-nyuum tirhas fi 1-leel. Some
    starst twinkle at night.

    J-.16)

    rahas I. kind of dessert made of


    sesame seeds and date molasses. 2.
    thick sauce made of sesame oil,
    sesame seed paste.

    f> o.; rhm


    ~ J riham

    (~ .1- yirham) 1. to fit, be


    suitable for. ~ .1- J _,.J:-1/-juuti yirham.
    The shoes fit. t"""' .1- L. y J.,U1 U.

    282

    has-sakruub rna yirharn. This screw


    doesn't fit . ..J-:!j ~ ~ .r.. ...:..> _,...5J1 \..,.
    hal-kuut yirharn ca[eek zeen. This coat
    fits you well. 4 J) ~~J ~ .r.. L. Ji )1
    r-rang rna yirharn wiyya z-zuuliyya.
    The paint doesn't go with the carpet.

    4J 1>.)

    hostage.
    ~.J.J rwb

    yiJ raab (y J.r!- yiruub) to curdle.


    yi.J ~I

    1-baliib raab. The milk


    curdled. (prov.) y...; ') J y JJ.. ~L. ':J
    Y _,....::; Ia maay yruub wala gabba
    tituub. A leopard cannot change his
    spots. (lit., "Water doesn't curdle and
    a prostitute doesn't repent.").

    rhn
    rihan (~ .r.. yirhan) l. to pawn,
    deposit as security. )>--') ~J4' ~.J
    ~ ~ j-!:-3 rhinat ~oogatta lajil tistiri
    beet. She pawned her jewelry in order
    to buy a house. 'il ._,.._}; J.l...:;; .J...l.Qj L.
    ~ill ~L..... ~ .J 1~1 rna tigdar
    titsallaf fluus 'ilia 'ioa rihant saactak
    o-oahabiyya. You cannot borrow any
    money unless you leave your gold
    watch as security. 2. to mortgage.
    ~.J~ J ~- ~ .:_r-J> .J rihan beeta
    b-rnalyoon dirhirn. He mortgaged his
    house for a million dirhams.
    ~.)

    ~~.)

    raahan III to make a bid with


    s.o., to bet, wager. r--->- J ~I.J
    raahanta w-xisar. I made a bet with
    him and he lost. ~ (YIJ ..;I ..:.WI)
    'araahink 'inna raayib yxasir. I bet
    you he is going to lose. ~~ ~~J
    ~I !.II~ ~ ~.J~ raahan bxamsimyat dirhirn Ca/a QQQk 1-biCiir.
    He wagered five hundred dirhams on
    that camel.
    ~lj

    traahan

    VI

    to bet with each


    other . .J~~ ~I ~ L..;..o.l) traahanna
    cafa 'imyat diinaar. We bet each other
    a hundred dinars.

    1. bet, wager. 2. money


    deposited on a bet. 3. pawn, pledge,
    security.
    .:JI..A) rhaan

    ~) rahiina

    p. .:.r.LJ> J rahaayin

    Y JJ rawwab
    II to curdle, make
    curdle. J.-) ...:..> .J-" J ~~ ~J.J lS"?
    burumti rawwabat 1-baliib w-sa~wat
    laban. My wife curdled the milk and
    made yoghurt.

    ..:,.J.J rwe
    lo!:JJJ roof) dung, manure (of a horse, a
    camel, a donkey, etc.)
    ~.J.J

    rwj
    ~\.) raaj (c_J.r.. yruuj) 1. to increase,

    become greater, become more. 0Ll1


    ~L::.ll 0 c_I.J 1-maay raaj ji t-ta~nki.
    The water increased in the reservoir.
    2. to sell well, find a good market, be
    in demand. JI.J-" ':;1 J- ..;.._:.,.I .) uWI
    .
    1-bi(Jaaca raajat ji 1-'aswaag. The
    merchandise
    sold well m the
    marketplace.

    C:.JJ rawwaj II 1. to spread (rumors,


    circulate. J .J-->-" JJ.. ._,..u y
    fii naas yrawwjuun
    1- 'isaacaat. There are people who
    spread rumors. 2. to push the sale of,
    open a market for. ~ J ~ J.l...~...eLJ-1 .:,S..r' 0 ..:..>Li Y-.rJ:ll yrawwjuun
    beec
    t-talajizyoonaat ji rnarkaz
    il-baarnid. They are pushing the sale
    of television sets at the Hamid

    news),

    ..::..> ~ l____!:. '-~I


    1

    283
    Shopping Center.

    [.'JJ rawaaj (v.n. from


    increase, circulation.

    c_IJ

    raaj)

    ~--J..J.J tarwiij (v.n. from II (.JJ


    rawwaj) spreading, sale, distribution.

    C,.J.J rw~z
    C..'J raal:z (cJr- yiruul:z) 1. to go, go
    away, leave, depart. ~~IJ [_IJ raal:z
    wiyyaay. He went with me. CJ~ ~
    ~~~J Ia truul:z wiyyaahum. Don't go
    with them. (prov.) ..:..,...JJJ ...,... JJ c.>IJ
    ...,... Jr raal:zat ruul:za w-wurmatjruu/:ta.
    Good riddance! Good riddance to bad
    rubbish! (lit., "His soul has gone and
    his wounds have become swollen.").
    (prov.) J J~l I_,..J..l:; J J J.r--41 1_,..,..1J
    raal:zaw 1-yigruun w-(Jallaw 1-yixruun.
    The good old days. Things are no
    longer the same. (lit., "Those who feed
    the poor are gone, and those who (eat
    and) defecate have stayed."). ~
    t>.L... C IJ ~ tacabi caleehum r~a/:t
    suda. My efforts to raise them went
    for nothing. ~ ~L...JI C IJ raal:z
    s-saaca xams. He left at five o'clock.
    2. to go to s.o. or to some place. CIJ
    6......:>- J..UI raal:z d-doo/:ta. He went to
    Doha. ~I J .J----" C IJ raa/:t suug
    s-simac. He went to the fish market.
    3. (with foll. imperf.) to go to do s.th.,
    go in order to do s.th. ~ CIJ raal:z
    yistagil. He went in order to work.
    p 1 u-") c.> J ril:zt 'arammis s-seex.
    I went to speak with the Shaikh. [_JfoJ~ ~ yruul:z yilcab kuura. He
    goes to play soccer. 4. imperf. [_Jfyruul:z with foil. imperf. expresses
    likelihood, future, or alternate action.
    ~[_Jr. .~1 LA oLAIJ.j JyAi ~ Ia

    tguul jiddaama has-sikil. yruul:z


    yl;zamig. Don't say such things in his
    presence; he might get mad. ~ J ~ ~
    ~I CJ~ Ia tbuug Ia truu/:t s-sijn.
    Don't steal so you might not go to jail.
    _,s:.._J1 !l ~ [_Jf- ,ol..u. .&1 l~l 'ioa 'a!!a
    hadaa, yruu/:t yitrik s-sikir. If God
    leads him to the true faith, he will quit
    drinking. ~ [_Jf- ~ f-L:JI J~ baddil
    t-taayir Ia yruul:z ybansir. Change the
    tire or it will go flat.

    C..JJ rawwal:z
    II
    1. to go home
    (usually in the evening). ~I Jo~
    ~~ CJ.r--1-J ~~ ydiss s-sugul
    $-$abaal:z w-yrawwil:z l-ca$ir. He goes
    to work in the morning, and goes
    home in the afternoon. 2. to cause or
    allow s.th. to go away. [_Jf- J y.l.,a.JI
    ~)I $-$aabuun yrawwil:z l-wa$ax.
    Soap removes dirt. ~~ ~ [_J} ~
    !l~ .:.r-- Ia trawwil:z ha$-$ajga min
    yaddak. Don't let this deal slip
    through your hands . . ~j a.A.....:;. ...:....il.S"
    o~ .:.r-- L..p- JJ caanat sigga zeena.
    rawwal:tl:za min yadda. It was a good
    apartment. He let it get through his
    hands.

    C..JJ ruul:z p. c'J) rwaal;z 1. soul,


    breath of life . ..:...1_,11 [_JJ J>- d.iUJI I)
    gira 1-faatl;za cala ruul:z li-mwaat. He
    read the first sura of the Quran for
    blessing the s~ul ofthe dead . ...l::! CJ)I
    JL....iJ ..;b..:- .\ill r-ruul:z b-yadd 'a!!a
    sub/:taanahu wa-tacaalaa. A person's
    life is in the hands of God, be He
    praised and exalted. ~\...... ...,... JJ ..:.....Lb
    ~I tzacat ruul;za saact $-$ubl;z. He
    died early in the morning. CJ)I ~
    xafiifr-ruul:z amiable. (J)I J-_,k tawiil

    284
    r-ruu/J patient. (prov.) _,....6; (J.J ruu/J
    ga[u. (lit., "The life of a cat.")
    (describes s.o. who has the capability
    to put up with a lot of suffering). 4
    ~ ).J ya ruu/Ji (endearing term of
    address) dear, my dear. y ~ ..}-!,)
    Y~ ).J wees fiik ya ruu/Ji? What's
    wrong with you, dear? 2. (with prefix
    y
    b- and suff. pron.) by oneself,
    alone. -F" )f. u )L. saafart b-ruu~i. I
    traveled by myself. ..!.~.>- )f. JW '../- l~l
    'ioa tiyi, tacaal b-ruu/Jak. If you come,
    come alone.
    ~JJ roo/Ja (n. of inst.) p. -aat an act
    of leaving, going away, departing.

    J.JJ rwz

    (.r...r. yriiz) to estimate the


    weight of s.th. i.f~ JuJ ~~ w jl.;
    r--"'.J;) ~. )$' a...> raaz gaffat s-si/JIJ
    jiJ raaz

    w-gaal haaoi xamsa keelu b-miyat


    dirhim. He estimated the weight of the
    basket of ripe dates and said, "This is
    five kilograms for one hundred
    dirhams." .1L...,kJI JJ..L...o J j-!.) .JJ.Aj
    ~I..L_.,. tigdar triiz-li $anduug t-tamaat
    haaoa? Can you estimate the weight
    of this box oftomatoes?
    I

    (.JM,J.) rws

    ..rJ-/.)

    reewas (u"Y-J- yreewis) to back


    up, go in reverse . ...:.J .:r-.J"U l,?'" v Y-.J
    ~I ~ reewas hni w-bacdeen laff
    cafa 1-yimiin. He backed up here and

    then turned right. ~ ...:.JJ l,?'" v Y-J


    ~ ~J~ !.l..r.J ..!..l.J~ reewis hni w-liff
    ~ala smaalak w-barrik sayyaaratk hni.
    Back up here, tum left, and park your
    car here.

    (.)M ,J..) rws

    lrF""'JJ ruusi p. u" ).J ruus 1. a Russian.


    2. characteristic of Russia.
    1.:---JJ ruusya Russia.
    '-""IJ raas p.

    v ).J ruus.

    See under r.JM ~.;

    r's.
    l:, ,JJ rw{J

    1.
    low-lying area of grass and shrubs.
    ;;.__;,..,. 6......,;:. ).J t.?..L_.,.
    haaoi roo{Jat yanna.
    This is a garden of paradise. 2.
    kindergarten, nursery school. _r1
    6......,;:. ))i ~ u".J..L.; .Jo>L,.,. tawwayaahil.
    yidris fi r-roo(Ja. He's still a child. He
    goes to kindergarten.
    A.....pJJ roo{Ja p. -aat, ..}'4.; riyaa(J

    t.JJ rwc
    (JJ rarrwac II to frighten, scare s.o.
    JL..JI ..._j ~ ~ . r ) .U~ t_).; rawwac
    cyaa{a w-/Jurumta b-$oota f-caali. He
    frightened his kids and his wife with
    his loud voice.

    VIII t_ \j) rtaac to


    be frightened, scared, alarmed. jA>\.;l,.l
    ..L......,., ~I u ~ ~ .:r--- t_J.;-i 1-yaahil
    trawwac min simac $OOt 1-'asad. The
    child was terrified when he heard the
    roar of the lion.

    (J.J trawwac V

    :i..s-JJ rawca beauty, splendor, magnificence. ~ )J ~ man(Jar rawca


    beautiful view. U. )J };L.. manaa(Jir
    rawca beautiful views. "-!..,..;. ..:..,;LS
    J_,_(JI -J u. )J caanat (Jarba rawcafi
    /-goo/. It was a splendid kick in the
    goal.

    (.J} 'arwac

    1. (with .:_r min) more


    splendid or marvellous than. L. t.? ~

    285
    ~_,..all u ,J-" t.J) ...:..A..!. cumri ma cift
    'arwac min ha9-9arba. I have never
    seen a more splendid kick (in sports)
    than this one. 2. (with foil. n.) the
    most splendid or marvellous.

    tJ.J rwg
    t_IJ raag (t_Jr- yruug) to dismiss,
    drive out, expel, evict . ..,_:Q1 ,y o_,&.IJ
    ..L>.IJ 1.$ _,...A] .....:,~ raagoo min l-maktab
    linna lagwi waayid. They dismissed
    him from the office because he was
    very talkative. .....:,~ yl.k.ll t_IJ ~~
    ~ JIS" l-mucallim raag t-taalib linna
    caan ygisS. The teacher dismissed the
    student because he was cheating. c..S;
    JLf-'il ~~ Lo 1~1 ~J..T- .r- jll tara
    l-mu'ajjir yruugak 'ioa ma tidjac
    1-'iijaar. The landlord, I tell you, will
    evict you if you don't pay the rent.

    JJ.J rwl

    4lJJ roo/a p. -aat 1. roller, road roller.


    2. hair roller, hair curler.
    f'J.J rwm
    ~'r maraam

    wish, desire. ~~...r" ~


    ca[a maraam according to one's desire
    or wish. vl...r" ~ ~ J5' killin yganni
    ca[a
    maraama. - Everyone sings
    according to one's desire.

    (jJ.J rwy
    4SJ) rawa (!.$Jr. yarwi) 1. to water,
    irrigate. Jl:....:-ll c..S JJ rawa 1-bistaan. He
    watered the garden. _r:---!.]1 1.$ )~ ~ j'j
    ~Y~ laazim tarwi s-siyar hni kill
    yoom. You have to water the trees
    every day. 2. to quench one's thirst.

    JL..:..bJI 1.$ J~ (.$UI 1-maay tarwi


    f-ca(saan. Water quenches one's thirst.

    4S JJ rawwa II to show, demonstrate .


    ..1.4ll d.; JJf.. .!lta ,_,..li ~ t/:za$$il naas
    hnaak yrawwuunak 1-balad. You will
    find people there who will show you
    the city. a.A..!JI JIJJ rawwaani s-sigga.
    He showed me the apartment.~ !CJJ
    ~l.r o.J"""" ~ J li J) ruul:z! Ia trawwna
    weehak marra ()aanya. Beat it! Don't
    show us your face again. ~ ~ I~!
    ..:,...:!~ ~)) ,~1~ 'ioa tl:zaci ca[ayya
    oal/:ziin, 'arawwiik baCdeen. If you talk
    (bad things) about me now, I will
    show you later.

    VIII

    1. to be watered,
    irrigated . .,:r-j 1.$ j ) _,...:.)1 s-siyar rtiwa
    zeen. The trees got plenty of water. 2.
    to quench one's thirst. J.,ll (.$l.. y _r;.
    c..S j) sirib maay 'ileen rtiwa. He drank
    water until he quenched his thirst.
    4S_,.;)I rtiwa

    '-? J raw (v.n. from

    c..S JJ rawa) irrigation, watering. 4...oWI 1.$ )I of..b daayrat


    r-raw [-caamma the general directorate of irrigation.
    IJ~JJ

    rawyaan well-watered, wellirrigated. ~ (.$l.. C l:i L. J J~JJ j.=-.JI


    n-naxa! rawyaan w-ma nil:ztaaj maay
    bacad.
    The palm trees are wellwatered, and we don't need any more
    water.
    ~IJJ riwaaya p. -aat 1. tale, story. 2.

    :r-

    play, drama.
    3. novel. ~ ~~JJ
    riwaaya hazaliwa comedy. ...,_iLS"
    uyiJJ kaatib riwaayaat 1. novelist.
    2. playwright, dramatist.

    'J (j.J ryl


    J~J ryaa/ p. -aat, J-) 'aryil Qatari or
    Saudi riyal (= U.A.E. dirham =
    approx. $.28).

    286
    'I'

    J Ci..J

    ryl

    J~ J rayyaal p. j.:::>:-L>..J rayaayiil man,


    person. -L>IJ J5'" ~l-:! ~ -.:r.j JL>. .J
    rayyaalin zeen. yl:zibb ysaacid' kill
    waal:zid. He is a good man. He likes to
    help everyone. j.:::>:-L>..J a....J.. \.S Cinna
    xamsat rayaayiil. We were five men.
    l~o~ JL..>.-_; I~ haaoa rayyaal
    s-kubra?! What an old man this is!
    He's a very old man.

    (" 'i [..J

    rjym

    J5l _;..Ui L..

    ~J

    rljllm

    ~ .J

    r..? ~ . 1-.i.....J ma 'agdar 'aakil

    diet, regimen.

    haaoa. msawwi rijiim. I can't eat this.


    I am on a diet. )S"'i ('""""'" .J 0~ ~)-1
    j.:::>:-L.... )I .:r 1-l:zariim ysawwin rijiim
    'ak()ar min r-rayaayiil. Women go on
    a diet more than men.

    C'i..J

    ryl:z

    C. L;J\ rtaal:z VIII 1. to be satisfied,


    content, happy. j.:>:- }I ~ iJ '-"'_;.:.i J..!)
    ..:..r::-U.<' .:.r-" C\j) 'ariid 'adris w-'astagil
    lajil 'artaal:z min $Oobeen. I would like
    to study and work in order to be
    satisfied in both ways. l) ..J::>-\j/ J
    l.:.l.;.__.;. nil:zin mirtaal:ziinfi sugulna. We
    are satisfied with our work. 2. to rest,
    relax. i _,JI o~ l) C \j) ~ tfa{J9al
    rtaal:z ji l:zijrat n-noom. Please go rest
    in the bedroom. ~~ \0~ ..::.-..5
    4e__,_......::. C L;) Cint iacbaan; xaffaani
    'artaal:z swayya. I was tired; he let me
    rest a while. C \j) ~ tfa{J9al rtaa/:z.
    Please take a seat. 3. (with if min) to
    be relieved of s.o. or s.th. ~..I.J>
    L....,l_;..l.ll .:r ~L..; )J L- _;..UI haddeet
    1-madrasa w-rtaal:zeet min d-diraasa. I
    dropped out of school and was

    relieved of studying. i f lr\jh op


    0 ~ fannasoo w-rtaal:zaw min sarra.
    They fired him and were done with
    him. 4. to be at ease, be relieved . ..:...t
    r..?~ c\_;)) J..l....,.2)1 ~\ gilt-ilhum
    $-$idj w-rtaal:z {Jamiiri. I told them the
    truth and my mind was at ease.

    C. l...f-->1

    staraal:z X 1. to take a rest,


    have a break. !~_r..-.-1 ~ tfa9(Jal
    stariil:z! Please sit down! Please take a
    seat! C:7.J ~~ jA.-.:JI l) ~L.... JS
    ~L.... kill saacteen ji s-sugul nistariil:z
    rube saaca. Every two hours at work
    we take a break for a quarter of an
    hour. 2. to make oneself comfortable,
    ~eel comfortable. ~ _}: ..:r.j ~ I.U
    .:ilL:..; I ~_r-...-; J haaoa balad zeen. tiyi
    hni w-tistariil:z nsaa!fa. This is a good
    country. You will come here and feel
    comfortable, God willing.
    G-IJ raal:za

    1. rest, repose.~ ..JS"

    killa sugul dagg; mafii


    raaba. It's all hard work. There is no
    rest. :G-1_, C ~ -~) ...)ai./ mariir)
    w-m$axxan. yil:ztaay raal:za. He's sick
    and running a temperature. He needs a
    rest. (?--"' ~U LiT \~I.J ~ ca[a
    raal:ztak; 'aana gaacid hni. You take it
    easy; I'm sitting here. 2. comfort.
    :i.....:>-\.J ji--:JI 11J w-a!fa s-sugul raal:za.
    Believe me, work is comfortable.
    ..:..>\.JL... 'il l) o) p 4.:.-1)1
    J wasaa'il
    r-raal:za
    mitwaffra ji 1- 'imaaraat.
    Conveniences area abundant in the
    Emirates.
    6.....;...\.J....,.; L. \13.:.

    .YL.

    ~) 'aryah (more common [))


    'arwal:z) 1. (with .:r min) easier or
    more comfortable than. ~ jA.-!JI
    !.IG c_J) s-sugul hni 'arwab minnaak.

    287

    Work here is easier than there. 2.


    (with foll. n.) the easiest, the most
    comfortable. JL-::. CJ) I L haaoa
    'arwal:z sugul. This is the easiest work.
    !Jis.:J rii/:laan (coll.) sweet basil. s. -a.

    ~oi.JUI o~ ~a1aat t-taraawiil:z prayer


    performed during the nights of
    Ramadan.
    J

    'i..J ryd
    .)\.) raad (~..T- yriid) to want, wish,
    desire. ~
    --4..T- -~
    ~ ~
    ma yignac b-illi l:za~~ala. yriid kill
    sayy. He's not satisfied with what he
    has gotten. He wants everything. ~
    Y~ ~..T- _,.._:;. bacad su yriid minni?
    What else does he want from me? .&1
    ..LJ) ~I_; 'a!!a raad-li wa1ad. God
    ordained that I have a baby boy. ~
    C .. ..w-..T- b l. . ~
    ('. .__,
    =11 ......J.k.;
    yiina
    ~
    .~
    .
    nutlub 1-gurb minkum. 'ibnana yriid
    bintakum. We came to ask to be
    related to you by marriage. Our son
    would like the hand of your daughter
    in marriage. ~ .!.\..L._.) 'ariidak
    tcallimni. I want you to let me know.
    _r.-::ll l'l ~ ~) L.. ma 'ariid-lak 'ilia
    1-xeer. I wish you nothing but the best.
    2. (with foll. imperf.) to like to do s.th .
    .UI ..}.r--k. --4..r- yriid ytarris 1-xatt. He
    wants to send the letter. YYLi --4) Y,
    su triid taakil? What do you want to
    eat? ~ .J~ y __,.....;.i ..L._.) 'ariid 'asrab
    baarid. I would like to have a soft
    drink.

    Jl4

    .)\.,_JI nraad

    VII 1. to be wanted,
    desired, needed. ~I y .J-P ~~ lA
    ~l_r.; has-sigga ~oob 1-ba/:lar tinraad.
    This apartment by the sea is desired.

    _;-.......; LJI ~~~ ~}.11 L....A ha1-'ar{J


    yinraad-ilha gazz. This land needs to
    be surveyed. ....,.._.,.~ J~ ..!1.-J ~If-:!
    yinraad-lic l:zyuul oahab. you need
    gold bracelets.
    I. wish, desire. ~.J-"
    sawweet kill sayy
    b-l:zasb 'iraatta. I did everything
    according to his wish. 2. (p. -aat)
    decree. ~ ;;~l_;l 'iraada malakiyya
    royal decree.
    3. will, will power.
    ~ ~~l_;l 'iraatta {Jaciija. His will is
    weak.
    o.)\J1 'iraada

    <L.,j~l_;l ~ ~

    .)\.,.,...... muraad design, intention, purpose. 4S;) ~ c.plr ...:..l..a>- l:za~~alt


    muraadi minha w-trakitta. I got what I
    wanted from her and left her. (.pl...r" l.l,.
    haaoa muraadi. This is my intention.
    ~(.j..J

    rys

    ~.)

    rayyis p. -iin. I. boss, man in


    charge. Y~.J .r-"" ,:.,..--- man huw
    rayysak? Who is your boss? Ju <...}"":!)\
    c..?.lS r-rayyis gaa1 Cioi. The boss said
    this. 2. captain of a ship. ~)1 cJ
    ...r"~ ~I y> <...}"":!)1 ji 1-markab r-rayyis
    huwa lli yaamir. On a passenger ship,
    the captain is the one who gives
    orders. ~ .J <...}"":!)\ r-rayyis raxxa~ni.
    The ship captain gave me permission
    to leave.

    ~~~..; rys
    ~.) riis (coli.) feathers.

    s. -a . .....A>-i
    ~)I i f 'axaff min r-riiSa lighter than
    a feather.~ ~.) ~ owl c..?.,L,. haaoi
    li-mxadda fiiha riis batt. There are
    duck feathers in this pillow.
    ~.) riisa

    p. -aat,

    J-:_;

    riyas

    I.

    288

    r,-->- J ~ J ~ ~J rayyagattum

    feather. 2. nib of a fountain pen.

    };, 'i.J

    beep w-lal;arn w-xubiz. She gave them,


    eggs, meat, and bread for breakfast.

    ryp

    ~L....t)l

    r-riyaap Riyadh (capital of


    Saudi Arabia). \.f'~)l ...:.-..>-J ril;t
    r-riyaap? Did you go to Riyadh?

    ,J-1...} trayyag V. to have breakfast. 1.5'


    ~I cj ~.,r.-J l___(l,) Cinna daayman
    nitrayyagji 1-rnatcarn. We always used

    4.J,~.J

    riyaapa 1. physical exercise. 2.


    sports, athletics.

    to have breakfast at the restaurant.


    r~' ~) 0\->.- ~; trayyagt jibin
    w-beep 1-yoorn. I had cheese and eggs
    for breakfast today.

    ~4.J

    riyaapi 1. athletic, sporting.


    ~4J ....,..Wi 'a[caab riyaapiyya sports,
    sporting events.
    2. (p. -yyiin)
    sportsman, athlete. 3. mathematical.
    ~4J o.JL-.. rnas'ala riyaapiyya
    mathematical problem.
    ~~~.J

    J!.J riij (less common var. riig) p. J J!.J


    ryuuj saliva, spittle. ~J ~i ..:.. J..U L.
    ~ J ~.r ..::..-.5' ~~ rna gidart
    mp
    linni - Cint rnarii(J
    'ablac
    w-rn$axxan. I couldn't swallow my
    salive because I was sick and running
    a temperature. ......A.-:;.\.i ~J riiji naasif.
    My mouth is dry .
    J,.....::.j nassaf
    riija. He gave him a hard time. Jl 1.;\
    <..H} ~ J.)..b 'aana 'ila oall;liin ca[a
    r-m;. Up to now I haven't had
    breakfast. ...H)I ~ oJL..A:.:- tJ..Lj 'i Ia
    dduux jigaara cafa r-riij. Don't smoke
    a cigarette before having breakfast.

    riyaapiyyaat mathematics.

    ._j 'i.J ryf

    .u;J

    ~.J riif p.JL.!) ryaafcountryside,

    ,y..

    rural area. ,')l.!..


    ,:r J4J \.i...~..:&- \...
    '-:?~I ~)I rna c;ndana riyaaf hini
    rni(}il, rna(}alan, r-riif l-ma$ri. We
    don't have rural areas here, such as,
    e.g., the Egyptian countryside.

    ~ li.J ryg

    J.J!.J ryuug breakfast.

    J!..J rayyag II to give breakfast to s.o.,


    provide s.o. with breakfast. ~?
    L..... J.lll lyiJ \... ~ J~i ~J l;lururnti
    rayyagat fi-cyaa/ gabil-rna raal;law

    U'i.J

    1-rnadrasa. My wife fed breakfast to

    cS cS.J ryy

    the kids before they went to school.

    ryn

    IJ\.t,.J rayyaan see under 1:1 J.J rwy.

    ....

    ~) rayy see under 1:1 J.J rwy.

    ..,)
    ~~j zbb

    .; lj zaar
    Jlj zaar (no known p.) jinni, demon.

    y j zibb p. y~) 'azbaab, y~j zbaab,

    )j Y fii zaar. He has been possessed


    by jinnis.

    ~~j

    J. .J.; I j

    f"lj zaam
    ~lj zaam p. -aat.
    1. work schedule,
    work shift. J-:lll J ..:...l.r" :~ il_;-11

    _;L...t-JI J ..:...l.r--") z-zaam yitgayyar:


    marraat fi /-lee/ w-marraat fi
    n-nahaar. The work schedule is

    changeable: sometimes it is at night


    and sometimes it's during the day.
    J-:lll J ~lj zaami fi /-lee/. I work a
    night shift. I have a night shift. il)l
    ~ ~L-JI u:--JI ~ ~L.JI 0--" ~

    z-zaam hini min s-saaca tisic 'ileen


    s-saaca 8inteen. The working hours
    here are from nine o'clock till two
    o'clock. 2. turn, one's turn. !,!J...Ij i )1
    'i/zam zaamak! Take your turn! .:.r ...l?
    Yil_;-11 cid man z-zaam? Whose turn is
    it? ~lj il_;-11 z-zaam zaami. It's my
    turn.

    ulj

    "":--:!J zibiib (coli.) ratsms. s. -a. bl


    l?~~J~IJ~I~
    ~j 'ioa J:zatteet [-cinab fi s-sams
    w-yabbasta yistawi zibiib. If you put

    zaaruug

    JJJIJ zaaruug p. ~)Jj zuwaariig 1.


    kind of a rowboat. 2. skiff. 4..b:.
    ~I L....; ?-) <.3 J)j xaoeena zaaruug
    w-cibarna n-nahar. We took a skiff
    and crossed the river.

    zaan
    Llj zaana p. -aat fishing tackle, fish

    hook.

    zibaba penis.

    grapes in the sun and dry them, they


    will become raisins.
    .l~j

    zbd
    O.l.!j zibda butter.

    o..L ..!j

    zubda gist, main point.

    o~j

    t.r-P _,11 zubdat l-maw9uuc the gist of


    the matter.
    u~j

    zbn

    w--!j ziban (0--!Y- yazbin) to seek


    protection, seek refuge (with s.o. from
    s.th.), appeal to s.o. for aid. J.y y
    i.S _,_;i) _r.-S'i J. L;9 J! 0--!} 0~ fii

    gabaayil ~agiira tazbin 'ila gabaayil


    'akbar w-'agwa. There are small tribes
    who seek protection with bigger and
    stronger tribes.
    1.)--!lj zaabin (act. part.) p. -iin (less

    common var. L.r.:!j zabiin) refugee, one


    who seeks protection with s.o.
    1.)-!f mizbin p. -iin protector, one who

    provides protection to s.o.


    u.J~j zbwn
    I).J!j

    zibuun p. J-~j zibaayin customer,

    client.

    290

    11 "" 11 "'=" ,j

    zbydy

    !.?4-j zbeedi (coli.) bass (fish) s. -yya.


    (,)-L,.!)I .:.;--- ~i J_,...L.J-1 1-haamuur

    'atyab min z-zbeedi. Red snapper is


    more delicious than bass.

    f" tj,j zcm

    W"j

    zacma (less common var. i\5' j


    zukaam) common cold, head cold.

    c.) c.) zbzb

    r j!. yzabzib) to move


    (s.th. from its place), shift . ..:..$JI \..i,...,
    <\.......>- r) J...Gi L.. \..L....>.IJ ~ haaoa
    1-kabat ()agiil waayid; rna 'agdar
    'azabizba. The cupboard is very
    heavy; I can't move it. ulr. .:r- Y'
    "'--> r j!. J...l..A.! ..b-Lo \~I huwa min
    yamaacat s-seex; mabbad yigdar
    yzabizba. He's one of the followers of
    the ruler; no one can move him out.
    (_r j zabzab (C

    i:,.PJ tazabzab I. to be moved,


    shifted. Cr ?- \... J ..l>:-IJ ~ ..:..$JI ~
    hal-kabat
    fJagiil
    waayid w-ma
    yitzabzab. This cupboard is very heavy
    and can't be moved. 2. to move, move
    over. ..w..;i J.>-- ':J d.:_,_;. C..i->'; tzabzab
    swayya lajil'agcid. Move over so that
    I may sit down.

    Jc,j zbf
    ~ j zihaf (.....A>- j!. yizba/) I. to crawl,
    creep on the ground. \.....A>- y. pi \..11
    ;w.k..U ..J y. J hal-fagiir yizhaf; ryuula

    mgattaca. This poor man is crawling;


    his legs are amputated. \ ~ J..I.A: \...
    .....A..->- j!. o...l..A.! rna yigdar yamsi, bacda
    yizhaf He can't walk; he is still
    crawling. 2. to march. ~ .....A>- j zihaf
    cafa to march toward or against. ._MI

    ~~ 6.&-\..... ~J.il ~ .....A>- j 1-jees zibaf

    cafa 1-madiina saact $-$ubb. The anny


    marched toward the city at dawn.
    ~ j zabf

    l. crawling, creeping. 2.

    marching.
    ~lj zaabif (act. part.) I. having
    2. having
    crawled, having crept.
    marched. ~ L,..o ._;,_,..\j ~~ 1-jees
    zaabif miyat keelu. The army has
    marched one hundred kilometers. 3.
    (p. ._;,_,..\Jj zawaabif) reptiles (no

    known s.).

    ~ J c.) zblg

    J-1:--j

    zablag (~ y.. yzablig) 1. to


    slide, roll. ~~ ..) ~ jJ ~\.... .Jl.S'
    caan maasi w-zablagji t-tiin. He was
    walking and slid into the mud. 2. to

    cause to slide, slip. ..) ~ jJ ~::.


    ~I difacni w-zablagni ji {-{ii~. He
    pushed me and made me slide into the
    mud.

    J-1.:--J

    tzablag (~ .?- yitzabfag) 1. to


    slip, slide, skid. d.ll, _r-:. PJ.,.Y ~J ~\
    ~? ':J 1- 'ar(J mabluula; diir baalak
    Ia tizzaMag. The floor is wet; be
    careful so you won't slip. 2. to ski.
    J.>--':i u J~i Jy )fl ,$' ...;..,~ ~
    ~I ~ 0 _,Ab-,;....: tha$$il maballaat
    hini yruubuun fi-cyaa! /aha lajil
    yizzahfaguum cafa 8-8alj. You will
    find places here which kids go to skate
    on ice.
    ~ j zahfaga (v.n. from~ j zabfag)

    1. sliding, rolling.

    2. skiing.

    3.

    skating.

    f" c,j zhm


    ~lj zaabam

    III

    to compete, vie

    291

    with . ..;:.,~ ~ J}JI ~ . ..l>.-IJ ~~


    ~ly. )~ ..b-L...J ~ oakiyya
    waayid. tif[ac 1-'uu/a cafa banaat
    $O.fjha w-mab/:lad yigdar yzaal:zimha.
    She is very clever. She ranks first
    among her classmates, and no one can
    compete with her. <.!"l.S" ~ .Jyly.
    ~lj ~I yizzaal:zmuun cafa kaas
    s-seex zaayid. They are competing for
    the Shaikh Zayid Cup (in sports).

    ..J.Jt.i

    J _;-::;- j zaxraf (J ~ y. yzaxrif) to


    decorate,

    ornament. .Jyl 1_,_.;? j


    <..!"_rll J--:.i Jl_,kJIJ zaxrafaw 1-biibaan
    w-(-{waaf gab/ f-cirs. They decorated
    the doors and the walls before the
    wedding.

    J _r;:- J tzaxraf (J? ?- yitzaxraj) to


    be decorated, ornamented.
    ~~ j zaxrafa (v.n. from ..;., ?
    decoration, ornamentation.

    ~~jl

    zdil:zam VIII to be crowded, to


    teem, swarm (with people). J_,_..
    ~,)-IJ ~L>.- )~ ~~ j1 ..!..L-.JI suug
    s-simac
    zdil:zam
    b-r-rayaayiil
    w-1-l:zariim. The fish market was
    crowded with men and women.
    I. crowd, throng. J _r-ll
    ~? J ~l...>.-; J"JJ----- .a._....j s-suug
    zal:zma. matruus rayaayil w-l:zariim.
    The marketplace is crowded. It's full
    of men and women. 2. jam, crush .
    ..:..1),,...... a_.... j ~ .Jl.S" kaanjii zal:zmat
    sayyaaraat. There was a traffic jam.
    4....3-j

    zal:zma

    ~L=--~ jl

    zdil:zaam (v.n. from VIII r-~ j1


    zdil:zam) I. crowd, crush, jam, congestion.

    zxrf

    zaxraf)

    "':'.J.i zrb
    ~Jj ziriiba p. '-:-:!l;j ziraayib cattle
    pen, corral, fold.

    J.J"':'.J.i zrbwl
    JJ-UJ zarbuul p. ~l;j zaraabiil I.
    kind of shoe worn by people traveling
    in the desert. 2. woolen sock.
    .J,Jj zrd
    ~ JJ zarad p. ~ J;j zruud chain mail,
    coat of mail.

    ..J.Jj zrr

    JJ zirr p. );jl zraar push button,


    button.

    mzaal:zama (v.n. from III r-"'-lj


    zaal:zam) I. competition. 2. rivalry.
    4....3-ly

    tt.i zxx
    tJ zaxx

    (tr- yzixx) I. to arrest. ly j


    41~I o)~ )) ~WI zaxxu 1-baayig

    w-waddoo s-sir{a. They arrested the


    thief and took him to the police
    station. 2. to hold, get hold of s.o. or
    s.th. o-4 ,y ~ j zaxxeeta min yadda. I
    held his arm.

    ob..)j

    Zl'f

    .k Jj zirat (.1 ;r- yazru!) to swallow,


    gulp down without chewing. ~~ .1; j
    zirat [-cinab. He swallowed the grapes.
    a......illl .1;j zirat 1-lugma. He swallowed
    the morsel.

    .k .JJ-il nzirat VII

    to be swallowed,
    gulped down. j_rll j...:.. .1J?- L.. ~~
    1-xubiz ma yinzari( miOil 1-mooz.
    Bread doesn't go down as easily as
    bananas.

    292
    zart (v.n. from .1.Jj zirat)
    swallowing, gulping down.
    j, Jj

    planted, cultivated.

    t.J'J-' muzaaric p. -iin farmer, fann-

    t.;,j zrc

    t.JJ zirac ( t_Jf. yizrac) to plant, grow.


    ~..,.bJI J_,..J.. ~ ~ ~Jj ~~I
    1-ba/adiyya zracat siyar caza tuul
    t-tariig. The municipality planted trees
    alongside the street. ~IJ ~\.J,.I WI
    JL...;z.:.:. t_J_;-j s-sana 1-yaaya raayl;ziin
    nizrac xipaar. Next year we are going
    to grow vegetables. ~I o\.&.f. ~I t_Jj
    zarc a!!a yircaah a{{a. (lit., "God's
    growing crop is protected by God.").
    God is the lone protector. (prov.)
    ._,...!- ";} .;..,Jk ) \.;$:.Jj ziracna law tzacat
    ia sayy. If me no ifs. (lit., "We
    planted 'if; nothing broke forth.").

    t.JJ zaric (v.n.) I. planting, growing,


    cultivation (of crops). .l:.L..k.ll t_Jj
    ~~~ zarc t-tamaat oall;ziin. The right
    time for the planting of tomatoes is
    now. 2. green crop. JS'w rJI
    t_J.rJI Ia txa!!i 1-ganam taakil z-zaric.
    Don't let the sheep eat the green crop.

    Ji- ";}

    UIJj ziraaca agriculture, farming.


    4.....&-IJ)I .;)jJ wazaarat z-ziraaca
    ministry of agriculture.

    the

    ~IJj

    ziraaci agricultural, agrarian. \...


    .$--"' ..1>.-IJ ~IJj ~1) j.J ma tl;za~~il
    'araapi ziraaciyya waayid hini. You
    will not find many arable lands here.
    ~IJ)I (~';}I or-1.)
    daayrat
    1-'isfi$/aa/:l z-ziraaci the department of

    agrarian reform.

    t.JJ-' mazraca p. t_).r- mazaaric farm,


    plantation. ~ ..1>.-IJ C l>.-.) t.J'.r- l) fii
    mazaaric diyaay waayid hini. There
    are many chicken farms here.

    t.JJJ-' mazruuc (p.p. from t_Jj zirac)

    owner.

    J.;,j zrf
    ~IJj

    J J.;,j

    zaraafa p. -aat giraffe.

    zrjl

    J.iJj

    zarfal (Y, J y. yzarfil) 1. to walk


    fast, hasten. ..;_l;Jj UUI n-naaga
    zarfalat. The camel (f.) walked fast. 2.
    to jog. rYY, J) 'azarfil kill yoom. I
    jog every day.

    J5'

    ~.;,j zrg

    JJj zirag (.JJ..r- yazrug) 1. to go


    quickly, dash, hurry. .J_,.-ll JJj
    ~ LS_.;...--::.IJ zirag /is-suug w-stira
    simac. He dashed to the market and
    bought fish. 2. to slip away, escape.
    J Jj --.:>:.J o_,;u a.k _?I s-sir{a saafoo
    lakinna zirag. The policemen saw
    him but he slipped away.

    JJjl

    zragg IX to turn blue, become


    blue. .) J~l .:.r-- .JJjl ~ J weeha zragg
    min !-bard. His face turned blue from
    the cold.
    UJj zarga (v.n.)

    1. dashing, going
    quickly, hurrying. C:'" J oJj .JJJ zirag
    zargat rumf:z. He dashed speedily. (lit.,
    "He dashed like a javelin.").
    UIJj zirraaga p. -aat
    ship.

    light speedy

    JIJj zaraag (v.n. from IX JJjl zragg)


    blueness, blue color.

    JJj i

    'azrag p. J Jj zurg f. liJJ zarga p.


    L.....__]1 s-sama
    'azrag. The sky is blue. J Jj y.; y.

    J Jj zurg blue. J J)

    293

    on we conciliated him.

    cyuunha zurg. Her eyes are blue.


    ~ .:J .J:; zrkS

    ~j

    zaccal II to annoy, anger, make


    s.o. mad. ~I.J ~ J ~j zaccalta
    w-cugba raa{Jeeta. I made him mad
    and then I conciliated him.

    J-5 Jj

    zarkas (.._;..S.Jf- yzarkis) to


    embroider, decorate. o.) ~~ ..:.-...!5'.Jj
    zarkasat 1-parda. She embroidered the
    curtain.

    C'i U.J:;

    J$-I.J tzaacal

    VI to be a little angry at
    each other. ~~J 0}&-1~ J~ J-.1..
    !)_;..~ haoee/ cyaa! yizzaacluun
    w-bacdeen yi~~aai/:Juun. These are

    zrnyx

    ~JJ

    zarniix (coli.) arsenic. 0~


    J. )'I J>- 1_,.) ti' .J)I yistacimluun
    z-zarniix duwa /:lagg 1-'ibi/1-yarbaana.
    They use arsenic as medicine for
    scabby camels.
    i..i'-!..):-1

    1,

    :;

    kids; they become angry at each other


    and then they make up.,_,? Js- lpl)
    ~ zzaacfaw cala saw basiit. They
    stopped speaking to each other over a
    simple matter.

    Zf!

    zaca[ (v.n. from J-s- j zical)


    displeasure, annoyance. L.:ls- ~ j i f
    ~- Lo ..,...,- ~ min zcala caleena /:latta
    marr ma ymurr. Because he was a
    little angry with us, he doesn't even
    stop by. !~ ~; ~ t.S} tara Ia tizca[
    cafawa! Now don't get mad at me!
    J-s- y. b-zaca[ in anger, angrily. L........J
    J-s-.r. rammasna b-zaca[. He talked to
    us angrily.

    ~j

    ~ j zi{!i p. .k _,.J., j ztuut vagabond,

    tramp.

    .;ue)

    zctr

    J-S' j

    zactar (coli.) thyme. a.......; ,y p j


    t.1&. ~ J zactar can tisca w-tisciin
    cilia.
    Thyme cures ninety-nine
    maladies.
    1, t:; zct
    j,~ j

    zactuu{ p. J.U. j zacaa{ii!


    (derog. term) young person, young
    punk.

    u1.; ~ t.i

    !J":)..s.j zacfaan p. -iin ( 0\.A.io- /:lamgaan


    is more common) angry, annoyed.
    ~) J~l ~ !)'":}.._s.j 0LS" ~..dl
    t-tindeel caan zac[aan ca[a 1-kuuli
    w-fannasa. The supervisor was mad at
    the coolie and he laid him off.

    zcjraan

    !Jipj zac_faraan (coli.) saffron.

    J t:;

    zcf

    J.s j

    zicaf (~ y. yizcal) to be a little


    angry or mad. ol_,.... JJ~ ~ _?:. 0Y ~ j
    zicaf leen oakkarta b-lli sawwaa. He
    got mad when I reminded him of what
    he had done.
    ~ j zicaf cafa to be

    Js-

    or get mad at s.o. ~~J L# ~ j


    o~I.J zicaf
    cafeena w-bacdeen
    raa{Jeenaa. He got mad at us, and later

    ,. t.i

    zcm

    r-s-J tzaccam V

    (with

    Js- cafa) to be

    r--s-;

    the leader of. L...:#zzaccam


    cafeena. He put himself in charge of
    us.
    ~..)

    zaciim p. ~....&- j zucama 1. leader.


    2. brigadier general. 3. colonel.

    294

    Lis-j zacaama leadership, controlling


    position.

    ":"e) zgb
    ~ j zigab (...,..S. j!. yizgab) I. to drink
    in large gulps, gulp. ;; ft! ~":}5" ...,..S.j
    zigab glaa$een biira. He gulped two
    glasses of beer. 2. to have sexual
    intercourse with s.o. ~~ ~ j
    ~ ~~ o_r->- jJ zigabha b-l-ga$b
    w-zaxxoo s-sirta. He raped her and the
    police arrested him.

    ..JtJ

    zgr
    ~j

    zigar, zugur = jt-.o $igar, $Ugur.


    See under.; ~ $gr.

    ~tJ zgt

    ..b.J:.j zigat (~f.. yizgat) to choke to


    death, suffocate . ...._a,... -) JSeyl wu J
    .h_j. jJ wugaf 1-'akil fi l:zalja w-ziga{.
    The food caught in his throat and he
    choked to death. ~)-1 .Jl>~ ,y ~ j
    zigat min dixxaan 1-l:zariij. He
    suffocated from the smoke of the fire.
    J.........h~-j

    zagta
    suffocation.

    U j zaffa (n. of inst.) p. -aat wedding


    procession. ~ J ~ G )I -) Jl5'
    u~) caan ji z-zaffa mtabbliin
    w-mganniin w-cayyaala. There were
    drummers, singers, and male dancers
    in the wedding procession.

    JUj zafaaf(v.n.) wedding ceremony.


    uuj ~ ,J-:!~1) J"L; ~ .:>\5' caanfii
    naas waaydiin lee/at zafaafa. There
    were a lot of people on his wedding
    night.

    ,) ~j zgr

    yJ j

    zigar (} J- yizgur) to call s.o.

    J} j

    ..J ~ .J) zigarni w-ril:zt-la. He called

    me and I went to him.

    strangulation,
    }lj zaagir (act. part.) p. -iin caller.

    (,j u,) ~ j zgrty


    ~} j

    zgf
    ~ j zaga{ p.

    sells it to homes.

    } j zagir (v.n.) calling s.o.

    (v.n.)

    .1 ~ y mazguu( strangled, suffocated.

    JtJ

    evening prayer. 2. to carry water and


    sell it. ~ ~ <::>Lli j j!. J..,Z 0:l
    ..::_.,HI Jl ~J /een nguu/, "yziff
    1-mayy, " yacni yungula w-ybiica 'ila
    1-byuut. When we say, "yziffl-mayy,"
    we mean he transports the water and

    Jj-\J:. j

    zagaagiil person
    whose parents are unknown.

    JJj zff

    J j zaff (.._) r. yziff)

    1. to escort the

    bride or bridegroom in a solemn


    procession to the new home. j j ~

    L.:...JI o)l...o ~ ....:...... J/' J.>- <.f_,..11 hini


    nziff 1-micris cata caruusta cugub
    $alaat t-cisa. Here we escort the
    bridegroom to his bride after the

    zgirti p. -yya I. bachelor,


    unmarried. ~ ~} j ~ \.... .:)- ni/:zin
    ma nsakkin- zgirtiyya hini. We don't
    put up bachelors here. 2. elegantly
    dressed young man. ~} j _r-L..,.. u)l
    1-yoom $aayir zgirti. He has become
    an elegantly dressed man nowadays.
    3. young man who chases girls. 4.
    noble, decent young man.

    ~j~j zgzg

    J;Jj

    zagzag ( J) J- yzagzig) to chirp,

    295
    cheep. J j jl. J_,A.,.a.JI [-ca~fuur yzagzig.
    The sparrow is chirping.

    L-i}j

    zagzaga

    (v.n.)

    chirping,

    cheeping.
    ~~~ zgg

    Jj

    zagg (Jr. yzigg) to defecate.


    (prov.) ~ ...:-.lS"i .J _yLo J J _r; 'Y Ia
    zzigg fi maacuun 'aka/tfii. Don't bite
    the hand that feeds you. Don't dirty
    your own nest. (prov.)....; f' ._,.....li... .:r.
    ~L..:ll ~ JjJ "-"-/J bin mgaamis ciraf
    rabca w-zagg fi t-taanki. Do not do
    favors for those who do not appreciate
    or deserve them. (lit., "Bin Mgaamis
    got acquainted with his fellows and
    defecated in the water tank.").

    Jj zagg (v.n.) defecating.


    Jj zigg (coli.) excrement, feces . .:r-1

    !J )I ya 'ibn z-zigg! Son of a bitch!

    ~J~~ zglb
    ~j zaglab (~ :r. yzaglib) I. to turn
    upside down (esp. heavy items, such
    as rocks, barrels, etc). .JL...A.r .Jl..S'
    "--+"'" J ~ ~I ~\II ..,.._.1;jJ caan
    }J.amgaan w-zaglab 1-'asya /lift weeha.
    He was mad and turned upside down
    the things he saw. 2. to hurl or push
    s.o. or s.th. dov.nhill. ;; .r>....a.ll ..,._..li j
    zaglab li-~xara. He hurled down the
    rock.

    ~~.) zkm

    ~LS"j zukaam (zucaam,

    more common variants).

    oi...S'j zakaa 1. alms-giving, alms,


    charity. 2. alms tax (2.5% in Islamic
    law).
    tazkiya (v.n. from II J' j zakka)
    pronouncement of one's support of
    favorable testimony. 4.$.rl4 b-t-tazkiya
    by acclamation.

    4..$.J

    J~J~ zlzl

    Jlj-l j zilzaa/
    eruthquake.

    p.

    Jj'Yj

    zalaazi/

    l:. J~ zit
    .h.J j zalat (common var. Uo'Yj zalaa(a)
    salad. a....b'YjJ ~J ~ ~ tilabt
    /a}J.am w-cees w-zalaa(a. I ordered
    meat, rice, and salad.
    ~ J,j zig

    are
    See under

    j zacma

    f'li,j zcm.

    (j ~,j zky

    Jj

    L....... J-S ~ j1. j'Y ~I /-muslim


    /aazim yzakki kill sana. A Muslim
    should give alms to the poor every
    year. 2. to vouch for, support, testify
    in favor of. ...L...:S- oiS"j ..r...!.ll J "Y; ..,....U.
    r.j_,ll talab targiya w-1-mudiir zakkaa
    cind 1-waziir. He requested promotion
    and the manager vouched for his
    credentials to the minister . ..;..;;~ 1~1
    .!..L$') L.;T~~ 'ioa tabi ddisSl~jees
    'aana 'azakkiik. If you want to join the
    army, I will vouch for you. 3. to
    recommend. ~I .__.~J ...;.> o~j ~
    killhum zakkoo }J.agg riyaasat 1-majlis.
    They all recommended him for presiding over the council.

    zakka 1. to give alms to the poor.

    ~ j zilag (J :r. yazlig) 1. to slip, slide.


    j.r- _,.-::.; ~ U"b -._j':J .;J j zilag linna
    daas cata gisir mooz. He slipped
    because he stepped on a banana peel.
    2. to make a mistake, make a slip. J j

    296
    <~.il-l

    zilag lsaana. He made a slip of


    the tongue. J-1 J 'Y -c..?_,_;. c..?Y. ~~
    'ibCi swayy swayy. Ia tazlig. Talk
    slowly. Don't make a slip.

    JJ j

    rj.oj

    zamzam Zamzam (name of a well


    in Mecca).

    ~ y j zamzamiyya p. -aat thermos


    (flask in which pilgrims carry water
    from Zamzam).

    zallag

    II to cause to slip, slide.


    ~ j) ~~ difacni w-zallagni. He
    pushed ~e and made me slip.

    JJ j

    zalag (v.n.) slipperiness. (prov.)


    ~ ~ 'Y J-1)1 YJ~ ~\... ~ ya
    maasi darb z-zalag Ia Ieeman teebtak.
    Keep away from harm's way. (lit., "If
    you walk on a slippery road, you will
    not be safe from falling down.").

    J J.j

    ,-.j ,-.j zmzm

    J ,-.j

    J-.olj zaamal Ill to be a friend or


    colleague of s.o., maintain a friendship
    with s.o. ~ _r;.,s. o...L.o ...-:L.Ij zaamalta
    muddat casar siniin. I maintained a
    friendship with him for ten years.

    t.JLo j zamaala

    I. colleagueship. 2.
    fellowship, friendship. 3. comradeship.

    zll

    zall (J .r. yzill) I. to slip, make a


    mistake. ~L......J Jj !c.,?_r-->- ~ J ~~
    'ismab-li ya xuuy! zalllsaani. Pardon
    me, brother! My tongue slipped. 2. to
    pour s.th. c.,?Lll Jj zall 1-mayy. He
    poured the water. 3. to come to an
    end, be over. JY-01 Jj zall n-nahaar.
    The daytime came to an end.

    Jj

    J L...o j zmaal p.
    jackass.

    j zammar II to blow, play a wind


    instrument. J J.r-" Y-J J A <...!"_,..JI l)
    ~ c.,? J~\ \... J J ~Jfi [-cirs ytabbluun
    w-yzammruun w-ygannuun w-ma dri
    s-bacad In a wedding ceremony, they
    beat the drums, play wind instruments,
    sing, and I don't know what else.

    oJL-oj

    zummaara p. -aat wood-wind


    instrument.

    J.; ,-.j zmrd


    -aat.

    zumurrud (coli.) emerald. s. -a p.

    J \.. j

    zmaayil donkey,

    .b .J J f> .j zmlw(
    J:, _,....lo j zamluut p. .k.:JL. j zamaaliit
    sheet of paper folded up in the shape
    of a cone by a shopkeeper in which
    things like tea, coffee, spices, etc, are
    put.

    .; ,-.j zmr

    ~ .;--0 j

    zml

    u,-.j

    zmn
    IJL...o j zamaan p. -aat time, period, era.
    ~ y..ll l) ,J.-:. L:5' JJ~\ Jl_..)I l) ji
    z-zamaan 1- 'awwali Cinna niskin ji
    1-barastiyya. In olden times we used to
    live in shacks. L:.-::. ~I tA \.j~l...l>.-i J\... j l)
    ~ ..:....il.S' L. fi zamaan 'aydaadna
    hal-'asya rna caanat f$iir. In the days
    of our forefathers these things
    wouldn't have happened. JJi Jw j
    zamaan 'awwal the past time. (prov.)
    ._:,~~I J_;-..JIJ J.r-i JJi Jw j
    zamaan 'awwal tabawwal w-1-gazal

    297
    ngafab $OOj Times have changed.
    Things are no longer the same. (lit.,
    "Old times have changed and [spun]
    yam has changed into wool."). \..1. t,?
    ~ ~..l.,.:> ~\.,. 0Lo)iji haz-zamaan
    ma-miis $adiij muxli$. These days
    there aren't any sincere friends . .:.r0L... j min zamaan for a long time, for
    quite a long while. ,:;---- ~ J\...p LiT
    0L... j 'aana $aar-li hini min zamaan. I
    have been here for a long time. J\...p
    .!,..l.:..i.... L... 0L... j ,:,r-- $aar-li min zamaan
    rna siftic. I haven't seen you in quite a
    while. !11__..---;~1 0l-o j t,? fi zamaan
    /- 'atraak during the Turkish period.

    fi\.j j

    zanaabiir wasp,

    J~jj,j znbl
    ~j

    zanbiil p. j.:.!li j zanaabiil basket


    woven from straw or branches of palm
    trees.
    .J~u,j znjr

    ~ j zanjar (fiy. yzanjir) to rust, be or

    become rusted . .:.r ~ ~Y- ~ jS"


    ~_,1 )I kill sayy yzanjir hini min
    r-ru{uuba. Everything becomes rusted
    here from humidity.
    )~ j

    zinjaar (common var. JUi j


    zingaar) rust.
    ~ y mzanjir (act. part. from ~j
    zanjar) rusty, rust-covered. J.--AAJI
    ~ L...... ~ ~ /' 1-guful mzanjir; rna
    yinfiti~. The lock is rusty; it cannot be
    opened.

    znjbl

    ~j zanjabiil (coil.) (less common

    j.:.!j j zanzabiil) ginger. ~ j I..U.


    ._,.a.lL..,.:. haaoa zanjabiil xaali$. This is
    var.

    pure ginger.

    Jl),j znd
    zand p. ,:;Y.:, j znuud forearm. o.J..j j
    ~~ ~ ~- zanda yamsi cafee
    t-tees. (lit., ~'A billy goat can walk on
    his forearm.") He has a huge body .
    ..W j

    ~ Jl),j zndg

    J--i.Uj zandiig p.

    ~,:;L.; j

    zanaadiig

    atheist, unbeliever.

    J ~,j jj,j

    .J ~ l),j znbr
    )ylJ j zanbuur p.
    hornet.

    J ~ ~ jj,j

    znzbl

    j-:.lj j zanzabiil (coli.) (more common


    var. ~j zanjabiil) ginger.

    u~u,j zngn
    ~ j zangiin p. ~L.; j zanaagiin 1.
    wealthy, rich. 2. rich man.

    lj u,j zny
    ~j

    zina (~ y. yazni) 1. to commit


    adultery. ~ !I~ J J l~l 'ioa tizni
    ma$iirak jahannam. If you commit
    adultery, your fate is hell.
    ~j

    zina (v.n.)
    zina bastard.

    adultery.~ j

    J.' 'ibin

    "'J zaani (act. part.) p. -iin adulterer.


    ~ 6..) zhb
    ~ j zahhab II to prepare, get things
    ready. 1-lill ~ j zahhabna /-gada. We

    prepared lunch.
    (prov.) ~U.I 4 j
    ~...UI JlJ, J zahhabna 1-maay w-{aar
    d-diic. Forewarned is forearmed. (lit.,
    "We got the water

    ready and the

    298
    rooster flew away."). (prov.) ~ j
    ~I J-:i IJ..Lll zahhabna d-duwa gab/
    1-jatca. Be prepared for what comes
    next. Forewarned is forearmed. (lit.,
    "We got the medicine before the head
    wound.").
    ~lj

    zaahib (act. part.) p. -iin ready,


    prepared. ~ '-:-"'lj LiI 'aana zaahib
    las-safar. I am ready to travel.
    .J

    o:;

    zhr
    .,;-A j zahir (coli.) s. -a I. flowers. 2.
    blossoms.

    o.,;-A j zahra 1. morning star. 2. (p.


    -aat) flower. 3. blossom.
    ~.;A}I mazhariyya p. -aat flower vase.

    .,;--Aij zaahir shining, luminous.


    ;; ~lj niyma zaahira shining star.
    ~,J:)

    zwj

    C:Jj zawwaj II to marry off, give in


    marriage. ~ .:r-1 4>-- )j zawwajha
    'ibn cammha. He married her off to her
    cousin . ._,..... C.~ L.. ~ ..,.,. )) ~\J
    ~~~ raayil:z azawwja cugub-ma
    yitxarraj min 1-yaamca. I am going to
    get him married after he graduates
    from the university.

    r,)r

    tazawwaj V (...,...rS' carras is


    more common)
    1. to get married.
    ~~\ ,y c;i ~ [.)) tazawwaj leen
    taxarraj min 1-yaamca. He got married
    when
    he graduated from the
    university. 2. to marry s.o . ..:.-..:..- JJ
    ~ tazawwajt bini xaa!ati. I
    married my maternal aunt's daughter.

    JL....,.:.

    C:Jj zawj, zooj p. C\Jjl zwaaj


    husband.

    1.
    2. couple of, pair of. (Jj

    C l..:.,..) zooj diyaay two chickens. 4>-- )j


    ~..t.4)\ l) jlj--J zawijha gazzaaz fi
    1-ba/adiyya. Her husband is a surveyor
    in the municipality.
    ~ Jj zawja p. -aat wife.

    [.I.Jj zawaaj I. marriage. ~ C'J)


    ..G:-1) z-zawaaj ykallifwaayid. Getting

    married costs a lot. Lo A-' 0 )~ c'))


    ~ z-zawaaj b-duun mahar ma ytimm .
    Marriage without a dowry cannot be
    contracted.
    2. wedding. c')j tii.>.
    l;zajlat zawaaj wedding ceremony. 3.
    matrimony.

    C:J.}--1 mitzawwij (act. part. from V


    [.J} tazawwaj) p. -iin married.
    J,J:) zwd

    .)Jj zawwad II to provide, furnish,


    supply. _.i-ll~ (_)J jl-j -y ~
    ..::.>L... ,WI ~ ~ J.) J.J- r-"') gabil-la
    tsaafir ruul:z maktab s-safar w-hum
    yzawwduunak b-kill 1-mac[uumaat.
    Before you travel, go to the travel
    office and they will furnish you with
    all the information. 4...,;So ~ _,L... ,j::. )j
    zawwadni mac[uumiyya canna.- He

    provided me with information about


    him.
    .)\j zaad food.

    .J.J:J zwr

    J'j

    zaar (JJr. yzuur) to VISit s.o. or


    s.th., call on or pay a visit to s.o . ..::.>Jj
    J~\ l) ~...~...,.> zirt $adiiji fi
    s-sbeetaar. I visited my friend in the
    hospital. ~..lll l) ~~ ~ L.; Jj zirna
    gabir n-nabi fi 1-madiina. We visited
    the Prophet's tomb in Madina. ,j}j
    ~ l) zaarani fi beeti. He called on

    299
    me at my home.
    JJj zawwar

    II

    1. to guide, show

    around. ~ ;Jj ..b-IJ ..;...A..!. J U""...IAJI ..:....:.- J


    .....A:!_,-!.ll ~ _r=ll ril:zt 1-guds w-sift waal;zid
    zawwarni 1-l;zaram s-sariif I went to
    Jerusalem and saw someone who
    guided me around the Holy Sanctuary.
    ~ JS" or 1..641 Li JJY- 0\S"J ~ c_J.J
    tazawwaj binti w-caan yzawwirnayyaaha marra kill sahar. He married
    my daughter and he used to let her
    visit us once a year. 2. to forge,
    falsify, counterfit. r.J)I L..;:a..! ;Jj
    zawwar 'im{Ja 1-waziir. He forged the
    minister's signature. 0 JJJj-!. U""Li "'-::i
    ~J~ WI fii naas yzawwruun il-miyat
    dirhim. There are people who
    counterfit the one hundred dirham bill.
    ..:.>~~'YI l);)j zawwaru 1-'intixaabaat. They rigged the elections.

    JJ'r tzaawar

    VI to visit each other,


    exchange visits. ;JI? U J 01_r->.- 1..:.5'
    J_,..._..k ~ Cinna yiiraan w-cinna
    tuul. We were
    nizzaawar cala
    neighbors and we used to visit each
    other for a long time.
    1. force, compulsion. ;))~
    b-z-zuur by force. (prov.) ~ L.
    ;)..;-JI ~ L.. '~ 'illi ma yjiiba
    l;zaliiba, ma yjiiba z-zuur. You can lead
    a horse to water, but you cannot make
    him drink. (lit., "He who cannot be
    brought along by one's milk, cannot
    be brought along by force."). ~ j'Y
    JJj zuur

    Jll

    ;J)~ 'YIJ ~~ ~ y;J laazim

    tizzawwajiina b-t-tiib walla b-z-zuur.


    You have to get married to him by
    hook or by crook. 2. untruth. o~4-!"
    ;Jj sahaadat zuur false testimony.

    i J4J ziyaara (v.n. from )j zaar) 1.


    visiting. o;~)I .,:..\;1.-,.. saacaat
    z-ziyaara visiting hours. ~~ o;4j
    ziyaarat 1-matl;zafvisiting the museum .
    2. (p. -aat) visit.

    f.J.J tazwiir (v.n. from II ;Jj zawwar)


    forgery, falsification . ..:.>I~Lf......!JI .r-J.J
    tazwiir s-sahaadaat falsification of
    certification.
    .}"tlj zaayir (as act. part.) I. going to

    visit. ..?~ Li .r-lj zaayirna baaCir. He's


    going to visit us tomorrow. 2. having
    visited. U""...IAJI ..:.r-.r-lj .:)- nil;zin zaayriin
    1-guds. We have visited Jerusalem. 3.
    (p. )Jj zuwwaar) visitor, caller, guest.
    1~1 .:.r-- )Jj zuwwaar min 'ingiltara
    visitors from England. ~ .r-lj ..:..,._ji
    ~1).1 .t:JL4; ~1; ~ j'Y J- 'inta zaayir
    hini
    w-laazim
    traaci tagaa/iid
    li-mwa(niin. You are a guest here and
    you have to respect the citizen's
    traditions.
    .)Jj--0 mzawwar (p.p. from II ;Jj
    zawwar) forged, counterfeit.

    t..J,j zwc

    t..'J

    zaac (t.JY- yzuuc) to vomit, throw


    up. o;l.JJI ~.r- ~ t.J.i-! yzuuc leen
    yirkab !-tayyaara. He throws up when
    he boards a plane.
    (Jj zawwac

    II

    to cause to vomit.
    ~ JY- J-:..- 'Y IJ~ ol...k&- _r...>-..UI d-daxtar
    cataa duwa lajil yzawwca. The doctor
    gave him medicine to make him throw
    up.

    t..'.J.)

    zwaac (v.n. from t.'j zaac)


    vomiting, throwing up.

    300

    ~~l:?j zybg

    J.Jj zwl

    ~j zeebag (less common var.


    zoobag) mercury.

    Jlj zaal (JJ.r. yzuul) I. to go away,

    leave. ~ ~I Jij zaa/1-hamm canna.


    We are no longer burdened by worry.
    (lit., "Worry has gone away from
    us."). ~I~ .....:,s. _rk.;LI Jlj zaal
    1-xa{ar canna cugub f-camaliyya. He's
    out of danger after the operation. J Jj
    !~ J .:.r>- zuul can weehi! Go away!
    B-eat it! 2. (with neg. particle ~ Ia or
    L.. rna) still, yet. ~I JA..:JI ._}~ jl_r- ~
    Ia yazaal ydiSS s-sugul ~-~ubb. He still
    goes to work in the morning. Jlj ~
    l,r-"' .:_,--!.~ y:- y Ia nazaal mawjuudiin
    hini. We are still here.

    ul:?j

    ~j zeeti oily, oil. ~j

    u.J u

    Cl#j

    zwy

    zy~

    0~_;..il:JI .....; _,_.::.1

    he went into seclusion.


    ~Jij

    zaawiya p. l:!IJj zawaaya 1.


    angle. ~ J~ ~ ~JI)I t?L haaoi
    z-zaawiya xamsiin daraja. The angle
    is fifty degrees. 2. corner. l) ...u.:; J ~
    o.r-J-1 l:!IJj .:_,-- ~Jij bica w-gicadfi
    zaawiya min zawaaya 1-hijra. He cried
    and sat in one of the corners of the

    J..G\ ~ '='""''~ zii~

    1-kirsi min jiddaami ~alta 'agdar


    'acuuf t-talajizyoon. Move the chair
    away from me so that I can watch
    television. ,:.;--- J-<..L:..:ll c'j -L;..l),.l _r-..Ui
    ~ J l-mudiir 1-yidiid zaa~ t-tindeel
    min wa9iifta. The new director ousted
    the supervisor from his position. \.....
    ..L>.-IJ ~ ......:,':} _r-il (:-!) J~i rna 'agdar
    'aziih l-meez linna 8aagii waayid. I
    cannot move the table because it's
    very heavy.

    VII to hide onself, go

    into seclusion. Lr-?-J .....; f i ...L>-L.. J t5 Jj\


    C. \J nzuwa w-maMad ycarf ween raa~.
    He hid himself and no one knows
    where he went. 0G..::... ~I l) .hi..... 0:-J
    t5 J~l leen ~igat ji /i-mti~wan nzuwa.
    When he didn't pass the examination,

    room.

    (coll.) I. olives. 2.
    s. -a p. -aat 1. olive. 2.

    r_lj zaa~ (~.r- yzii~) to take away,


    remove, drive a_way . ..:.r-- ~..,?" j.J1 l:<j

    carpet, rug.

    .SJj-il nzuwa

    l# j zytwn
    w~j zaytuun
    olive trees.
    olive tree.

    can weeyhi! zawwalk af!a! Go away!


    May God take you away!

    l:f .Jj

    0) loon zeeti

    green, oily color. ~j J.i J rang zeeti oil


    paint. :;j .__,....) law~a zeetiyya oil
    painting.

    II to cause to go away,
    leave. !11 ~ Jj !~ J y- JJj zuul

    JIJj zawaali

    zyt

    ~j zeet p . ...:;_, ~j zyuut oil (edible,


    fuel, etc.) 0~j ~j zeet zaytuun olive
    oil. ~j d.5' ~ sarikat zeet petroleum
    company. ~ ~j zeet simac codliver oil.

    JJj zawwal

    W Jj zuuliyya p. Jj za/1,

    ~)j

    c.j:; zyd
    ~lj

    zaad (~Y- yziid) 1. to increase.


    become greater, become more. U.J
    ~lj oJL>...:ll ,J---' ribihna min t-tijaara

    301
    zaad Our profit from trade increased.
    ~j! ~_,l.l .),..l.s:. cadad li-mwavpa.fiin
    b-ziid. The number of employees is
    increasing. ~j! '-rr"" JfP e:>- J wujac
    pruusi b-ziid My toothache is getting
    more severe. 2. to augment, add to,
    increase. ~ y )...- .!..1--L.:) ~i 'abga
    'aziidak macluumiyya canni. I want to
    give you more information about me.
    ~t.... .)lj ...r...UI 1-mudiir zaad macaasi.
    The manager increased my salary. -l:!j
    ~ o_,......AJI ziid 1-gahwa sakar. Add
    some sugar to the coffee. (an answer
    to ~ tfappal) ~ ~..i:! 21 a!!a
    yziid faplak. Thank you. (lit., "May
    God increase your graciousness.") . .)lj
    ~ ~~ zaad t-tiin balla. He made
    things worse. 3. to be left over. .)lj 1~1
    o41 ~ JS'i 'ioa zaad 'akil ca{ni-yyaa.
    If any food is left over, give it to me.
    4. (with~ cala or .y- can) to be more
    than, exceed. ~ ..;....)lj ..:...b_;1_,._}1
    ..:...IJ.)~I 1-waaridaat zaadat cala
    ~-~aadiraat. Imports exceeded exports.
    ziyaada 1. increase, rise. y JL._..,
    Jt....- ~I I) o.)L:j ~aar fii ziyaada .fi
    1-'ascaar. There has been an increase
    in prices. 2. excess, surplus. !.1-L:S'
    Jo-Wl I) # 4....J.. o.)4j ctndak ziyaada
    xamsa keelu fi [-caft. You have five
    kilograms of excess baggage. ~
    a..........:.;lpl.l I) o.)~j tilac ziyaada fi
    1-miizaaniyya. There was a surplus in
    the budget. ~J.) L..)o- JL...,b.&. J .k...li:.
    o.)L:j gilat w-ca{aani xamsa dbhim
    ziyaada. He made a mistake and gave
    me five dirhams too much.
    3.
    increment, increase. oi.J Jl.....o J~l lA
    o.)~j J-a>- L.. J ~ ~ hal-kuuli
    ~aar-la xams
    siniin w-ma ]J.a~~al
    o~L-!j

    ziyaada. This coolie hasn't had an


    increment for five years. ~ o.)yj
    ziyaada can over and above, in excess
    of. oJ~l ~ o.)yj ~ J.) ....a.Ji o~
    ~~I ca{oo 'alf dirhim ziyaada can
    1-calaawa s-sanawiyya. They gave him
    a thousand dirhams over and above the
    annual allowance . ..!LJ~ ~ o.)yjJ
    wa-ziyaada cala oaalik and moreover,
    and in addition to that. o.)L:jJ op
    o.J---' .}- ..!.U~ ~ fannasoo w-ziyaada
    ca[a
    oaalik
    garramoo.
    They
    terminated his services, and in
    addition to that they fined him.
    ~jf 'azyad 1. (with ~ min) more
    excessive, high, etc. 2. (with foiL n.)
    the most excessive, high, etc.
    ~l.,j-1

    mazaad p. -aat auction, public

    sale.
    ~lj

    zaayid (act. part. from .)\j zaad) I.


    excessive. 1...:--:!L.....J..I ~L>. J o-l:!LA.!I ~
    o..L......:!Ij bageet 1-faayda w-jatni
    1-ma~aayib zaayda. I was after profit,
    but I was beset by excessive problems.
    2. increasing, becoming more or
    greater. ~lj ._,LII t.r-1' t:J ..:...L..\5:..J1
    -..il_r-ll .) j u ~ 1-cakkaasaat zzixx
    1-misric illi zaayid can gaanuun
    s-swaaga. Cameras catch the speeding
    motorist. 3. having increased.~~
    U l f.$1A ~-l:!lj 1-maciisa zaayda haaoi
    s-sana. The cost of living has
    increased this year.
    4. additional,
    extra. ~lj ~J.) !.I~ cindak dirhim
    zaayid You have an extra dirhim. 5.
    more than necessary, excess. )..? .ro~Y )II LA ~lj ~I sicir keelu 1-1a/:lam
    zaayid hal-iyyaam. The pnce of a
    kilogram of meat is more than

    302

    necessary these days.

    .J(j:; zyr

    oJ4j

    ziyaara, .r-lj zaayir. See under

    zwr.

    ..J.J~

    tt~:; zyg
    zaag (~;r. yziig) to swerve,
    deviate. Jl~ ..:.'Y oi_,...JI :) CY yziig
    fi s-swaaga linna sakraan. He swerves
    in driving because he is drunk.
    t._lj

    ~lj zaaga III I. to cause to swerve,

    deviate. C:-:!)1 ~ly. ..::.. ~I 1-jalbuut


    yzaagiii r-rii/:z. The wind rocks the
    jolly-boat.
    2. to deceive, mislead.
    J~l ~ :) ~ly.yzagiikfi l:zacya
    1-macsuul. He misleads you with his
    sweet words.
    t._Jj zoog (v.n. from t_lj zaag)
    swerving, deviation. 2. deceit.

    I.

    ~~ j zgeewi p. -iyya swindler, cheat,

    crook.

    J '~:;

    zyl

    Jlj zaa/ see under J.J~ zwl.

    'u(j:; zyn
    ~.ftj

    u(j:;

    zeen name of the letter j z.

    zyn

    ~j

    II 1. to decorate, adorn,
    ornament. J ~Y- c..t'Lh ~)I 41 J
    tJr-~1 fi f-ciid 1-w;tani n-naa~
    yzayynuun s-sawaaric. On National
    Day (Independence Day in the U.A.E.)
    zayyan

    people display decorations in the


    streets. .:~ J)~ ~I l~j zayyanaw
    1-ba.fiiz b-1-ward. They decorated the
    office with flowers. ~ ~j a.. )-1
    /-burma zayyanat nafissa. The woman

    made herself up. 2. to shave, give a


    shave to. ~ .:,r-j zayyan lil:zyita. He
    shaved his beard. .!.U .:_r-j ~I ~
    ~~).~
    minu 1/i zayyan-lak
    Who shaved your
    sawaarbak?
    moustache for you? 3. to shave, get a
    shave. ~}> ~ J-j! b-zayyin; lil:zyita
    (awiila. He is shaving; his beard is
    long. ~.:_r-j Lo ....;...) lees ma zzayyin?
    Why don't you shave?

    ;.r..J tzayyan

    V 1. to be decorated, be
    adorned, be beautified. ~; t)r:JI

    _,.....,a.:ll vi_,.;~ s-sawwaric zzayyanat


    b-'agwaas n-na$ir. The streets have
    been decorated with triumphal arches.
    ~4 .:_r-j Jlkll t)!. saaric 1-mataar
    zzayyan b-s-siyar. The airport road has
    been improved by trees. 2. to shave,
    get a shave. ~~ ~ .J--!. J.--..5' J-?yizzayyan kill yoom $-$Ub/:z. He shaves
    every day in the morning.

    ~j zeen 1. fine, good, nice. ,1 J..J-1


    .:r--<j l....;.l5' 1-l:zamdu li-llaah, killona
    zeeniin. Thanks to God. We're all fine.
    ~j ;; Jl.:-- o~ c;nda sayyaara zeena.
    He has a good car. ~ ~~ .:_r-j y y t;\
    'aana muub zeen 1-yoom. I'm not
    feeling well today. ~~ ~ ..:r-j y y
    ~ ~ ..::..>~I muub zeen minna
    cataakum l-jalbuut /:zagga? Wasn't
    that nice of him to give you his jollyboat? ._:r-j ~ hamm zeen it's a good
    thing that. oL:!IJ ...:...>- J L. J-j ~ hamm
    zeen ma ril:zt wiyyaa. It's a good thing
    you didn't go with him. 2. beautiful,
    pretty. ~j ~ o~ cinda bnayya
    zeena.

    He has a beautiful daughter.

    ~ -~ Lo '~ )IIJ ~j zeena walla


    seena, ma caJee. binta. Beautiful or

    303
    ugly, it doesn't matter. She's his
    daughter.
    3. (n.) beautiful person.
    (prov.) ~~J ..._.~.;... .y ..W ) ~j ~)I
    J y.~ ~ _,J ~ z-zeen zeenin law
    gicad min manaama w-s-seen seenin
    law gassal b-~aabuun. A leopard
    cannot change his spots. (comp. or
    derog.) (lit., "A beautiful person is
    always beautiful even if he wakes up
    and an ugly person is always ugly
    even if he washes with soap."). 4.
    (adv.) well, excellently. ~I u
    ~j ~ J y._;..Al.:JI hall:ziin t-talafizyoon

    yistagil zeen. Now the T.V. works


    well. ~r' ~j zeen sawweet. You did
    5.
    well. Well done!
    Bravo!
    (interjection of approval) O.K., all
    right, fine, good. f'-! $ yi '~j zeen,
    'asuufak baaCir. All right, I'll see you
    tomorrow. ..,.A.~\ ~ '~j zeen, bannid
    1-baab! O.K., shut the door! (~j J\
    nzeen is a more common var.).
    ~j

    ziina p. -aat decoration, ornament.

    IJJ-!j mazyuun p. -iin handsome. f. -a


    p. -aat beautiful, pretty.

    uII..)M

    ~~~ saab

    yL...,., saab p. y~ syaab.

    1. small

    river, tributary. yWI _r-kil J_;.:.... ~


    JL..S::... JS ~ ~ leen yanzill-mu(ar
    li-syaab tsiib ji kill mukaan. When it
    rains, small rivers flow everywhere.
    ?~I~~ ~ ~ Yl:--- ~ fii syaab
    tsiib ji 1-babar 1-'ahmar. There are
    tributaries that pour into the Red Sea.
    2. (roof) gutter.
    [I~ saaj

    t. L.... saaj (coil.) kind of hardwood


    used in making ships, gates, water
    tanks, etc. s. -a. (var. <,>L- saay).

    ..) I~ saad
    ~L....

    saad Sad (region, close to Al-Ain,


    famous for its fresh water).
    o~L.... saada (invar.)
    I. plain,
    uncolored. o.:.L.. __?- bamar saada solid
    red. o.:.L... J _,J loon saada solid color.
    2. plain, straight. o.:>L... ;; ~ gahwa
    saada unsweetened coffee.

    [ ,J.; I ~ saarwj

    t.JJL.... saaruuj p. sawaariij valley.

    uI f" I ~

    saamaan

    I)Lol-..1 saamaan I. things, objects,


    odds and ends. Jl..L... J"Ji---' J _r:..il
    1-maxzan matruus saamaan. The
    storeroom is full ofthings. 2. personal
    effects. ~ J a..il..L.. ~sal! saamaana
    w-misa. He picked up his belongings
    and left.

    saan

    saan (invar.) (adj. or adv.) going


    southward. JL- ...,.S)1 l-markab saan.
    The boat is going southward. !0\......
    !JL.... saan! saan! Steer (the boat)
    toward the south!
    1)1.....,.,

    t II.,)M

    saac

    t I...,.,

    saac (with y b-) quickly, fast,


    right away. t ~ JwuJ c_JJ ruuh
    w-tacaal b-saac. Go and come back
    fast. t L, ~ J ~.:> J waddeeta w-yiit
    b-saac. I took it and hurried back.
    (common var. (::" sac).

    ~L.,., saaca p. -aat I. hour. ~L.. ~;


    trayyeeta saacteen. I waited for him
    for two hours. 4>-L... ~ E" .1- yirjac
    cugub saaca. He will be back in an
    hour. 2. time, moment. ~4>-L-li ~
    cam s-saaca? What time is it? ~L.JI
    U Jlll s-saaca li-mbaarka blessed,
    happy time. (prov.) 4>-L... J ~ ~L...
    ~) saaca 1-ga/bak w-saaca 1-rabbak.
    Stop and smell the roses. All work and
    no play makes Jack a dull boy. (lit.,
    "One hour for your heart and one hour
    for your God."). 2. (with foll. n.) I. at
    the time of. ~~ 4>-L... ,_;.:, nass saact
    ~-~ubh. He woke up early in the
    morning. 2. short time, only one hour.
    JL.. j 4>-L..... 4[5' killha saacat zamaan.
    It's only for a short time. 3. watch,
    clock. ..l....;! 4>-L.... saacat yadd wrist
    watch. 6..-...li..o ~\....... saacatk mjaddma.
    Your watch is (too) fast.;;/ y ~\.....

    305

    saacti m'axxra. My
    slow.

    watch is (too)

    ..jls-l.....l saacaati p. -yya watch or clock

    repairman, watch dealer.

    f' II.JM saam


    ~L....

    saami 1. Semitic. 2. Semite.

    'i .J f' II.)M saamry


    '-i rl-.1 saamri

    folk songs, sung to the


    accompaniment of a rehab ( ~~.J
    rbaaba).

    'i uII.JM

    saany

    saanya p. Jl_,_... sawaani 1.


    animal (horse, mule, donkey) used for
    carrying heavy loads.
    2. riding
    animal.

    4:JL-.t

    J ~ I.)M

    s'l

    JL...

    si'al (JL: yis'al) to ask, inquire.


    jl_;...-.. dL si'alta su'aal. I asked him a
    question. JL...i ~ tfa99al 'is'al! Go
    ahead, ask! ~ ..:.JL . JL. j ,y ~ L.
    rna cifta min zamaan. si'alt canna. I
    haven't seen him for a long time. I
    inquired about him. ~...1.>-L..-, .dL.
    si'alta ysaacidni. I requested him to
    help me.
    JiJ--oo su'aal p. 6.h.........i 'as'ila, ..;.;'Jij-->
    su'aalaat question, inquiry. ~
    ~JI_;.-... .:JJL.f mumkin 'as'alak su'aal?
    May I ask you a question? ..G:-IJ o_,JL
    ,;lkll ~ ..;.;'JI_r si'loo waayid su'aalaat
    ji 1-ma{aar. They asked him many
    questions at the airport.

    ;til-.- mas'ala p. jJL........ masaa'il 1.


    problem, question. ~ L. -..!L.. ~.,?l;:,

    pi 'Jl haaoi mas'ala rna ybillha 'ilia


    s-seex. This

    is a problem only the

    Shaikh can solve. 2. matter, affair,


    case. ~ -.JL-. mas'ala basii(a
    simple matter. ~-..!WI _,.;, su 1-mas'ala?
    What's going on?

    JJJ--.- mas'uul p. -iin 1. person in


    charge, such as a director, a manager,
    a foreman, etc. ~~ JJ,;-J.I ,y man
    1-mas'uul hini? Who's the one in
    charge
    here?
    2. responsible,
    accountable. ~,;L..o ~10Jf JJ_;...J.I ,y
    man l-mas'uul can illi $Gar? Who is
    responsible for what has happened?

    4 J_;...... mas'uuliyya responsibility.


    ":" ":" I.)M

    sbb

    ~ sabb (~ ysibb)
    to insult,
    abuse, call s.o. bad names. ~~ _,....
    ._,.LJI ~I..L,j J ,___)I ~ ~ huwa lli
    sabbani fi s-suug jiddaam n-naas. He
    is the one who insulted me in the
    marketplace in front of the people.
    A.!_r" J~IJ J~l '-:-" J-...L:.:ll t-tindeel
    sabb 1-kuu/i w-1-kuuli 9raba. The
    foreman called the coolie bad names
    and the coolie hit him.

    ~ sabbab II to cause, bring about,


    provoke. ill ~ ~I o,;WI U.
    j)L-"..... has-sayyaara [-catiija
    tsabbib-lak masaakil. This old car will
    cause you problems. ~\
    j .r<> L.
    J_r--)1 ~~)I~ rna ncarf su IIi
    sabbab r-rabsa fi s-suug. We don't
    know who caused the commotion in
    the market place.

    ~L....J

    tsaabab VI to insult each


    other, call each other bad names.
    ~ lyl~._.,aj) \r.!l___j tsaabbaw
    W-$$aalbaw cugba. They exchanged
    insults and made up later on.

    306
    ~ sabab p. y\.:---i 'asbaab (var.
    y~ sbaab) reason, cause. ~
    ~~I sinhu s-sabab? What's the
    reason? ~I o_rul.l ~ sabab 1-hijra
    1-fagir. The reason for emigration is
    poverty. jS'L..-!.11 J...S' ~ ~ hiya
    sabab kill 1-masaaki/. She's the cause
    of all the problems. ~ b-sabab
    because of, due to. ~ .:..,...... _,1,) L.
    ...;P_,--!.1 ma daawwamt b-sabab 1-mara{J.
    I didn't go to work because of illness.

    4--.o masabba

    p. -aat insult, abuse.


    ~~I .:.r-" o~ .;...L:----o J.-.5' kal
    masabbaat kaOiira min s-sirti. He took
    many insults from the policeman.

    u ":' 1,)-fl sbt


    ~I s-sabt Saturday . ..:..:-JI r~I
    1-yoom s-sabt. Today is Saturday. ry.
    ~I yoom s-sabt on Saturday. ~I
    ~Lll s-sabt 1-maa{Ji last Saturday.
    ~ r~ J...S' kill yoom sabt every

    Saturday.
    ~ ":' 1,)-fl sbc
    ~

    sibac (~ yisbic) to mold,

    form, shape a metal. ~~ _J-Ib ~WI


    ~~~ ~

    s-sabbaac huwa IIi yisbic


    s-sibaayic. A smelter is the one who
    molds pieces of gold.

    ~ sbiica p. ~~ sibaayic piece of


    gold, ingot. ~~ ~~ sibaayic
    oahab gold ingots.

    gabil $-$alaa. I am ritually unclean; I


    must take a bath before prayer.~

    Ji-!.11

    (_).T-

    'Y

    J.:i yisba/:z gab il-Ia yruub

    s-sugul. He bathes before he goes to


    work.

    JS'Li j>--'Y jw_, ~1_, ~ r}

    guum tja$$ax w-isbab w-tacaal laji/


    naakil. Get up, undress, take a bath,
    and come so that we might eat. 2. to
    swim (rls- caam is more common; look
    up under f".Jt cwm). ~~ J _rU tcarf
    tisbal:z? Do you know how to swim?
    ~ L:.>. .J ril:zna nisba/:z. We went
    swimming.

    <::7" sabba/:z II 1. to give a bath to s.o.


    LJ~ ~ r~l 1-'umm sabbabat
    cyaa!ha. The mother gave a bath to her
    children. 2. to praise, glorify God (by
    saying ~~ J~ subl:zaan a!!aah
    praise the Lord!) o")\...p J.:i ~ J~ jll
    ~~

    1-mu'aooin ysabbi/:z gabil $alaat

    $-$ub/:z. The muezzin calls to prayer


    before the morning prayer. 3. to toy
    with a string of prayer (worry) beads.
    r_,_.)I J _r-1 J ~ u"L....i :) fii naas
    ysabbbuun tuul 1-yoom. There are
    people who play with their prayer
    (worry) beads all day long.
    ~

    tsabbab V = C7"" sibal:z.

    ~I

    nsibal:z

    (with :)fi) to be
    swum in. ~ L. !:)~ y y l,)UII..i;.

    VII

    haaoa 1-maay muub $aafi; ma


    yinsibi/:z fii. This water is not clear; it

    !I~ sabbaac p. ~l:---- sibaabiic

    cannot be swum in.

    smelter, founder.

    ~ sib/:za p. c-:--" sibab.


    masaabib prayer beads, rosary.

    C":' 4JM sbb


    ~

    (~yisbab)

    I. to take a
    bath, bathe. ~ c-:---i rj'Y h.,-~ L..;\
    oJ\..-,a.ll 'aana mujnib; laazim 'asbab

    sibab

    sabbal:z)
    saying

    tasbiib (v.n. from II

    e7L-...
    ~

    glorification of God (by

    ~~ J~ sub!:zaan a!!aah

    307

    praise the Lord!).

    c_l,.... sabbaa/:1. p. -iin swimmer.


    ~

    masba/:1. p. ~l-o masaabi/:1.


    swimming pool, swimming place.

    ~.r.--'

    sibuus (coli.) rice husks, rice


    hulls (used as chicken feed). (prov.)
    U"'.r.--14 ~ J ~ \.>....UI ..:..o _rl tmuut
    d-diyaaya w-ceenha b-s-sibuus. The
    good old days. (lit., "The chicken is
    dying with its eye on the chicken
    food.").
    sbc

    sabic p.

    t. l:-- sbaac

    1. lion. Li .r"
    c:;--- ~ J ~I sirna 1-gana~
    w-gina~na sabic. We went hunting and
    2. (adj.) brave,
    caught a lion.
    courageous.
    ~

    sabca p. -aat seven, the numeral


    seven. ~ J ~ sabca w-sabciirz
    seventy-seven. .J'j J;, ;;. .
    sabca
    duu/aar seven dollars. I' 6".
    sabcatuum the seven of them. C::-""
    J~ sabic yihhaal seven children.
    , } "~::M.

    sabictacas, .)
    sabictacasar seventeen. ~ J yl
    'imya w-sabictacas 117. _).j ~ LS'
    Cinna sabicatacasar nafar. We were
    seventeen people.
    ~

    ~L.11

    t_.,r.-ll s-subuuc 1-maapi last


    week. (.,.>l.J:.I t_.,r.-ll s-subuuc 1-yaay
    next week. t_.fr"' /1 'aaxir subuuc the
    last week.

    ,.,{'~i 'usbuuci (more common var.

    I.JM "":' I.JM sbs

    t "":' I.)M

    t...r.--- subuuc) p. ~L...i 'asaabW week.

    ..

    subuc p.
    seventh part.

    t. l:--1 sbaac one-seventh,

    sabciin p. -aat seventy, the


    numeral seventy. ~ ~ sabciin
    nafar seventy people. ~ J ~
    sabca w-sabciin seventy-seven.

    t_.r.--f 'usbuuc (more common var.

    ~..r.-

    subuuci) weekly. ~.fr"' o...l,!_r


    yariida subuuciyya weekly newspaper.

    ~ft7"i 'usbuuciyyan (more common


    var. ~..r.- subuuciyyan) weekly, by
    the week.

    t!L.... saabic seventh. ~ ~ t!L... saabic


    yoom the seventh day. t!L.JI ~ _r-ll ~.fi
    1-yoom s-saabic on the seventh day.
    ~L. saabichum the seventh one of
    them.
    ~ "":' I.)M s bg

    J.--"' sibag

    (~

    yisbig) 1. to be,
    come, go, or happen before or ahead
    of, precede, arrive before s.o. o'")l....:.
    .):>~\ o'")l....:. '-'~ a.;_)\ ~alaat s-sunna
    tisbig ~alaat 1-farp. The sunna prayer
    precedes the obligatory prayer. J p-11
    ~)I ~ 1-barg yisbig r-racd.
    Lightening comes before thunder.
    a...... ..I). I J ~ yisbigni fi 1-xidma. He
    is ahead .of me in service.~ 4-=->-i
    ...L....>-IJ .j_.,.:2.! 'uxutta tisbigha b-~aff
    waa/:l.id. Her sister is one class (grade)
    ahead of her. 2. to surpass, beat, do
    better than (in sports). J~ ~ ~
    }---< ~'jl sibagni fi sibaag 1-'imyat
    mitir. He beat me in the one hundred
    meter dash.

    J:-o' sabbag II to cause to precede or


    come ahead of. ~ ~ sabbagni
    cafeehum. He made me come ahead of
    them.

    308

    J!L......l' tsaabag VI to try to get ahead


    of each other, seek to outdo each
    other, race, compte . .oJJ~ ya :~W
    ,_;Jl:------1 L...iiJ tsaabagna: huwa
    b-sayyaarta w-aana b-sayyaarti. We
    had a race: he in his car and I in my
    car. ~ ..r-"'J ~l-j tsaabagna
    w-huw~ sibagni. We had a race and he
    beat me.
    J~ sibaag p. -aat race, contest. J~
    }---- y'YI sibaag 1-'imyat mitir the one
    hundred meter dash.

    ~i

    'asbag earlier, or earliest,


    antecedent. cj..r-JI ;? .:r-' ~i ...l>-Lo
    mal:zf:tad 'asbag minnifi t-tarfiic. I, and
    nobody else, is the first in line for
    promotion.
    ~i 'asbagiyya
    I. precedence,
    priority. 2. seniority. ;;...-l:l-1 ;? ~~I
    1-'asbagiyya fi 1-xidma seniority in
    service. cj..;JI;? ~~1/-'asbagiyyafi
    t-tarfiic seniority for promotion.
    ~L-.o

    musaabaga p. -aat contest.


    musaabagat
    macluumaat a contest of knowledge.
    ..;:...L.__.. _,L.... ~~

    J!L-..o saabig I. previous, prior,


    preceding. ~L_____.jl o~I 1-marra
    s-saabga the previous time. 2. former,
    ex-. J.!WI r...lll!-mudiir s-saabig the
    former director. J>-JIJIJ J.!l-ll s-saabig
    w-l-laabig the former and the latter. ;?
    J.!Uiji s-saabig formerly, in the past.
    ;? J ~ ljlS .:r-..b:-IJ u-G J.!WI ;?
    ~ .r. ji s-saabig naas waaydiin
    caanaw yiskinuunji barastiyya. In the
    past many people used to live in
    shacks . ....:,IJ~ J.!L........ saabig li-'awaana
    premature, untimely. ~~J~ J.!L.... cj _;JI

    t-tarjiic saabig li-'awaana. The


    promotion is premature. ot..iiJ ~ J.!L.... .r/:tarr saabig li-'awaana unseasonably
    hot weather.
    ~L.,.,

    saabga p. J.!l.r---" sawaabig


    previous (criminal) case, precedent.
    J-!1_,_.-JI ....,...L...~....,.,i .:.r-- ..r-"' huwa min
    'a$/:taab s-sawaabig. He's one of those
    who have a criminal record.
    ~ ":' IJM sbk
    ~ sibak (~ yisbik), see under

    ti y

    J ":' IJM

    I.Y"

    sbc.

    sbl

    ~ sibil (coil.) ear, stalk of wheat or

    barley, s. -a.

    Jt._.., sbaal

    I. (coli.) peanuts. s. -a. 2.


    (p. j::!~ siyaabiil) monkey. f. -a p.

    -aat.
    ~ sabiil s.th., esp. water, donated

    for charitable use. J J~ '~ (,SUI \..!.


    J"_,....1i hal-maay sabiil, b-duun fluus.
    This water has been donated; it's free.
    .J.,1 ._b-- ;? ji sabiil il-laah for the sake
    of God, in behalf of God and His
    religion. ~~ ..:_r--!1 'ibn s-sabiil
    wayfarer, traveler. JIJ.I ~ J.>- ca[a
    sabiill-mifJaal as an example.

    ~ sbiil p. J~ siblaan smoking


    pipe. \.k- CJX ...:....ii 'inta dduux sbiil?
    Do you smoke a pipe? ~ J--4 ~~
    li-sbiil ydawwixni. A pipe makes me
    dizzy.

    u":' IJM
    ~

    sbn
    sibin (coil.) moonfish. s. -a.

    u 'i ":' IJM

    sbyt

    ~sheet

    spades (in card games).

    309
    .;ul,j":-'~

    sbytr

    J~

    sbeetaar (more common var.


    mustasfa) p. -aat hospital.
    See mustasfa under (j ..J ,_;. sfy.

    s.

    -yya.

    tul,j ":-'~

    sbyng

    t_ ~ sbeenaag (call.) spinach.


    ~ u.; ":t ~ sprng
    ~ ..!:--" sipring p. -aat spiral spring,

    coil spring.
    uu~

    stt

    :t:..... sitta p. -aat six, the numeral six.


    ~) d.;;......

    sitta w-xamsiin fifty-six.


    ~.J;) d..:....... sitta dirhim six dirhams. L:.5"'
    6..:........ Cinna sitta. We were six (people).
    (with fall. n. d.;;...... sittat) . .J\..iji ~ L:.5"'
    Cinna sittat 'anfaar. We were six
    people.
    ~

    sittacas, ~ sittacar sixteen.


    "-:--1 'imya w-sittacas 116. (with
    fall. n. ~ sittacsar) . ........, .J..v ~
    sittacsar madrasa sixteen schools.
    ~J

    sittiin p. -aat sixty. ~ .J;) r:..r;.-...


    sittiin dirhim sixty dirhams. r:..r;.-... J "-:--1
    'imya w-sittiin 160. ~0~ ~ cam
    cumra? How old is he? ...:.!\.;~\ .) ji
    s-sittiinaat in his sixties . ..;.,WI .)Ji
    s-sittiinat during the 1960's.
    ..:JL.... saatt (common var.

    J";)l..,.,

    saadis)

    sixth. See under (jA' J (jA' sds.


    Ju~

    .;u~

    str

    j---J sitar (~ yustur)

    IS IS":-'~ sbyty

    - -~ sbeeti (call.) kind of fish

    staad 'amiin w-baneet !-beet. I found


    for myself an honest builder and built
    the house.

    std

    ~l:-,., staad p. -iyya mason, builder.


    ~~ ~J 0:---i ;)\..:....... J ...:.,_,i_..!;, sifit-li

    l. to hide,
    conceal, conver up. \o _;:-? ~ c.,?j,__;.
    ~ ~ j---J j':l haaoi bnayya

    Cibiira; laazim tustur cafa nafissa.


    This is an old girl; she will have to
    cover up. 2. to shield, protect, watch
    over, guard. _.__.,_..l..ll U. .:.r" ~ .:U1
    ..;:., ~- ~ 'a/fa yustur min had-dacma.
    yamkin ymuut. God protect us from
    this car accident. He may die. ]----l .:U1
    L.o .r ._}~ ...:......ii -~ 'affa yustur
    ca[eec. 'inti xoos l:zurma. God watch
    over you. You are a fine woman. J\5'
    .1--' .:U I . ~.J ..l..ll .:.r"

    ~Y- <::"'!I .J ~\.),.I

    caan 1-yaahil raayil:z yuugac min


    d-diriisa. 'a!!a sitar. The child was
    about to fall down from the window.
    God prevented it. .) ..h.Q__,_; L.. ':1
    ]-------! ,1 I . J L:...:.. ":}I /a ma lU$gzl{ ji
    li-mtil:zaan. 'a! fa yustur! No, you won't
    fail in the examination. God forbid!

    j--J tsattar v to cslVer up, hide,


    conceal oneself. ~ ~b . 6.,. .r ._}yxoos l:zurma. dayman titsattar. She's a
    fine woman. She always covers up.
    ~

    sitir (v.n.)

    l. covering up. 1'---"

    o.J_,_.JI sitr f..coora covering up parts of


    a woman's body, such as the face,
    hair, the legs, etc. 2. protection, guard,
    shield. _j---JI ':ll.JJ..li L. .:)- !.!.\ 1'---" .11 ~
    ya 'a!faah sitrak! nil:zin ma ndawwir
    'ilia s-sitir. God protect us! We look
    only for (God's) protection. (prov.)
    o# C.~) ?- 1'---" sitir canz W-$alaab
    ga{wa. The behind of a nanny goat is

    310

    always uncovered, and a cat is always


    cunning.
    ).f--1' mastuur (p.p. from }--- sitar) 1.
    hidden, covered up, concealed. 2.
    chaste, proper, honorable. ii.Jr--- ~
    bnayya mastuura nice girl. Jlll .J.Y--'
    mastuur /-baa/ of meager means.

    u~ u I.JM

    stkn

    iJlS::....... stikaan p. -aat small glass used


    for drinking tea.
    J[I..JM sjd
    ~ sijad (~yasjid) to bow down,
    prostrate oneself in prayer . .J~ l....o
    ~/' ..:,':} ~ ma yigdar yasjid linna
    marii9. He cannot prostrate himself (in
    ~rayer) because he is ill. l....o
    ..: ':i! ~ /-muslim ma yasjid 'ilia
    li-/laah. A Muslim doesn't bow down
    to anyone but God.

    rl-11

    o~ sajda (n. of inst.) p. -aat one


    prostration in prayer.

    .)~ sujuud (v.n. from .c...... sijad)


    prostration in prayer.
    ~ masjid (more common var.
    msiid) p. .b:-L-.. masaayid mosque.
    ~1.) ':iiJ ~1.) 0~ ._,..UI
    n-naas y,~a/luun ji li-msiid walla ji
    !-beet. People pray in a mosque or at
    home. ~ _,.....JI ~1/i-msiid f-cood the
    large mosque (where the Friday prayer
    is conducted).

    J ~I.JM

    sjl

    ~ saJja/

    II 1. to register, record,
    enter in a register. Jiy) ~i ..:-b:......
    _r..-.j..UI .) sajja/t 'ismi w-cinwaani ji

    d-daftar. I entered my name and


    address in the notebook. -4) \~
    ~.J~ ....AJ~ t_p-ii sajjilni; 'ariid atb~rrac
    b-'alf dirhim. Put me down; I want to
    donate a thousand dirhams. 2. to
    enter, enroll (in a school, etc.) ..::.J~1 ......___, .J..lll .) sajjalt ji 1-madrasa
    1-/ayliyya. I enrolled in the evening
    school. 3. to record, make a recording
    of. ~ ~ ~u-i
    ..:J.,..... sajjalt
    kill 'agaani mbammad cabdo. I
    recorded all of Muhammad Abdo's
    songs.

    J.5

    ~ siji/1 p. -aat register, record, list.


    ',>.J~I J=--!1 s-sijill t-tijaari the
    commercial register. ..:...1)--dl ~
    siji/1 z-ziyaaraat the visitor's book,
    guest book. ~I ..:...~ siji/laat
    1-mabkama the court records.

    ~ msajjil (act. part. from II~

    sajjal) p. -iin 1. having registered,


    enrolled. L .J..lll .) 1$-!1 ~ .j j \.il
    'aana
    tawwni msajji/1 'ibni ji
    1-madrasa. I have just enrolled my son
    in the school. 2. (as occupational n. p.
    -iin) registrar, recorder. ~I ~
    msajjil 1-kulliyya the college registrar.
    3. (p. -aat) tape recording, recording
    device.
    ~ msajjal (p.p. from II ~
    sajjal) registered, recorded, entered,
    listed.
    ~.r. bariid msajjal
    registered mail. ~ (,> y. -4.r. bariid
    jawwi msajjal registered air mail.

    J....----

    J=..-...-o .b. ..::.....!;. )> tarrast xatt msajjal.


    I sent a registered letter. ~ ~~
    !lL..l. 'ismi msajjal hnaak. My name is
    entered there.

    311
    !)~~

    sjn

    sijan (~ yasjin) to jail,


    imprison s.o. ,:r ._,._rl; Jy ...;') oP'-'
    ~~ sijnoo /irma baag jluus min
    /-bank They put him in jail because he
    stole money from the bank. Ju U.y.i
    ~I;,~-.;~~ rj'l ~~
    'ubuuha gaal i/-ha /aazim tibgiin
    masjuuna hnifi /-beet. Her father said
    to her: "You should stay here confined
    to the house."
    ~~

    nsijan
    VII to be jailed,
    imprisoned. ..;;:....... ._,-.>- ~~ nsijan
    xams siniin. He was imprisoned for
    five years.
    .:f":'-' SlJm p . .:.>Y-" sujuun 1. prison,
    jail. ,:r ._,._,.J; J~ ..__;') .r-JI ;, op
    ~I }Jattoo fi s-sijin /inna baagjluus
    min s-seex. They put him in jail
    because he stole money from the
    Shaikh.
    2. imprisonment, prison
    sentence. ..;;:....... ._,-.>- ~L.AJI -.# ~
    .:f"-" }Jikam ca[ee 1-gaa{Ji xams siniin
    sijin. The judge sentenced him to five
    years imprisonment.

    4J ~ masjuun (p.p. from <f"-" sijan)


    1. imprisoned, jailed, confined. rlS
    ~.).}""-----' .!.LJ .JL...,.. cam ~aar-lak
    masjuun? How long have you been
    imprisoned? 2. (p. ~L.... masaajiin)
    prison inmate, convict. r
    y:c.--<f"-" ~ ...,..>- -.# masjuun ma}Jkuum
    ca[ee xams szmm sijin inmate
    sentenced to five years in jail.

    ps. .)

    '} ~t.JM sjy


    ~

    saji rising tide, flow of the sea.


    ~~ ..:..o~L.... .:.>~~~I s-saji
    hini ykuun saacat ~-~ub/:z. The rising

    tide here takes place in the early


    morning.
    l)tj~

    sen

    ~ sicciin p . .:to?~ sicaaciin knife.


    ~y .:.> _,15'~ 1_,.-U ._,..UI ~I LA
    JLA.;.,I,.IJ ha/}Jiin n-naas gaamaw
    yaakluun b-s-sicciin w-c-Cingaa!. Now
    people have started to eat with fork
    and knife. (prov.)..:...? ~I c\11.)1
    4\L.... 'iOa taa}J 1-biciir ki8rat
    sicaaciina. When it rains, it pours.
    Misfortune comes in groups. (lit., "If
    the camel falls down, its knives will be
    plenty.").

    "=" c~

    s}Jb

    ~ si}Jab (~yis}Jab) 1. to take


    out, withdraw (e.g., money). ~
    .!.WI .y ._,.}i si}Jabt jluus min /-bank. I
    withdrew money from the bank.
    ..:r-.r.L....ill ru) l.r.'"'--" s}Jibaw 'argaam
    1-faayziin. They drew the names of the
    winners. 2. to pull down, drag. ~
    yWI si}Jabt 1-baab. I pulled the door.
    Gy)-1 ..}.J'l.::--- ~ (,>.J_,Jll 1-/oori
    sibab s~yyaarti 1-xarbaana. The truck
    towed my broken car. ~~ ;, ~~
    I__,...J.I ~ 1-panka.fi 1-matbax tis}Jab
    1-hawa. The fan in the kitchen draws
    the air out. 3. to recall, call back,
    withdraw . .:_,--- U.~ ~ ~.r'i
    Jl__..ll 'amriika s}Jabat safiira min
    fi-craag.
    America
    recalled
    its
    ambassador from Iraq . .y ~~ l_r.-:. J..L..;li s}Jabaw l-jees min li-}Jduud.
    They pulled their army back from the
    borders. 4. to take back, withdraw.
    JG:. ....:.') 4...-o"jS" ...,....,...... si}Jab kalaama
    linna xaaf He took back what he said
    because he was afraid . .:.> ~ t..rl'

    312

    light meal (shortly before daybreak

    ~ ~I 1-misric yishabuun 1-leesan


    hagga. They will take away the license
    of the speeding motorist. 5. to pull,
    draw (a weapon) . ....J.:;J ._,....L..-1.1 ~
    sihab 1-musaddas w-gtala. He drew
    the gun and killed him.

    ~I

    ~..r--"i..::... ~ ~ u tsahhart 'ams?

    nsihab VII I. to withdraw,


    retreat, pull back . .:r' ~\ ~~
    ~ J..LJ-1 I-jed nsihab min li-hduud. The
    army withdrew from the borders. L.. 1.:.1
    ~~ ~~ c!..li J._Uj 'iOa rna tigdar
    tidfac 1-mahar nsihib. If you cannot
    pay the dowry, back off. .:r' ~\
    ..::...4L,.:.;;;'l'l nsihab min li-ntixaabaat. He
    withdrew from the elections.
    ~ sahb (v.n. from~ sihab) I.

    pulling. 2. drawing (in a lottery). 3.


    withdrawal (of money, troops, etc.).
    ~~

    nsihaab (v.n. from VII


    nsihab) retreat, pulling out.

    ~~

    -.,.J yo--.o mashuub (p.p. from ~


    sihab) I. withdrawn . ._,., _,.,..._ll C:-WI
    1-mablag 1-mas~JUub the amount
    withdrawn. ~ ._,., )"'"'---" ~I \..l_..,
    1_.r.-K;1 l) ~ haaoa s-seek mashuub
    cala bank ji ngiltara. The check is
    drawn on a bank in England.

    u C4.)-'J

    sht

    ~ sahQat II to sharpen a knife, a


    pencil, etc. ~I ~ saMzat
    s-sicCiin. He sharpened the knife.

    .; C4.)-'J

    shr

    f'-" sihar (_r---.!. yishar) to bewitch,


    enchant, charm. J .T"--" LJ.Lr. WI \...!. ha
    li-bnayya jamaalha siharni. The girl's
    beauty bewitched me.

    f"--J sahQar II to serve the Suhuur, a

    taken during Ramadan). ~ J )/'-"'


    :r.->) ~j) sahharooni jibin w-zibid
    w-xubiz. They served me cheese,
    butter, and bread for the Suhuur.

    tsahQar

    to eat the Suhuur.

    What did you have for the Suhuur


    yesterday?

    f'-" sihir I. bewitchment, enchantment. 2. sorcery, witchcraft.

    4$.f'---' sihri magic, magical. ._,..ju


    t..? ~ faanuus sihri magic lantern,
    slide projector. ~.T'-" .._,..,L..Ji 'alcaab
    sihriyya magic tricks.
    )~

    suhuur suhuur (meal taken


    before dawn during Ramadan).

    .r

    L.... saahir I. (act. part. from /'-"'


    sihar) having bewitched, enchanted
    s.o. u,~ .,; _rl.... saahirta b-jamaalha.
    She cast a spell on him by her beauty.
    2. (p. -iin, \.T'-" suhara) magician,
    wizard, sorcerer, charmer.

    o.r L... saabira p. -aat sorceress, witch.


    o)\.:>._..., sabbaara p. -aat box, crate,
    case . .1\....b oJl-.... sabbaarat tamaat I.
    box of tomatoes. 2. tomato box.

    c c"""

    sbb

    ~ sibb (coli.) ripe dates, usually of a


    dark brown color. s. -a ...:....i\5'
    ;J.j

    e-Ji

    ~ ga!{al s-sibb caana/


    b-xamsiin rubbiyya. A basket of dates
    was for fifty rupees.

    L....!J

    ~ C'-"" sbg
    ,yc..-. sibag (.j><-: yisbag)
    mash. ~ J->--')' o}-i:l:-1

    1. to crush,
    ~...-<>....... si~wg

    313
    ~

    saxxar II to employ, utilize,


    make use of. 4l J..UI ..::..>~~1 JS' li _r...:;...ly..L--:o:..11 ...l.-...P
    saxxarna kill
    9idd
    'imkaaniyyaat
    d-dawla
    1-muxaddaraat. We have employed all

    j-jigaara lajil tinfifi. He crushed the


    cigarette so it would go out.
    4::.- )I ~

    c.; J)JI

    \.A

    ha 1-loori yis/:zag r-rasta.

    This truck packs down the (paved)


    road.
    2. to run over, trample, run
    down. t._J~\ ~ :; oJl:--11 ci:.-..
    sil:zgata sayyaara fi nu~~ s-saaric. The
    car ran over him in the middle of the
    street. JL.,;a:l-1 J .r- :; JlA' ~ ~\.J:..I

    the available means of the state against


    drugs.

    o~

    lacking in seriousness.

    1-yaahil sil:zga l:zmaar fi suug li-x9aar.


    A donkey trampled a child in the
    vegetable marketplace. 3. to annihilate, destroy, wipe out. J:'--' ~I
    )..WI ~ 1-jee$ sil:zagjees 1-cadu. The
    army crushed the enemy army.

    J.f?'-'

    masl:zuug p. J=>-L..... masaal:ziig

    powder.

    J C'-""

    sl:zl

    J--1_,_.... sawaal:zil
    coastline. .J~ J--L.... saal:zil

    seashore,
    cmaan the coast of Oman.

    'i C'-""

    sil:ziyya p. -aat, 4L>........ sal:zaaya


    (usually ~I ~ si(liyyat !-lee!) bat
    (zool.).
    T

    sl:zy

    ~I

    sti/:za X. See under l.j l.j c l:zyy.

    u'i ~ C'-""

    sxtyn

    IJ~

    sixtyaan (coiL) fine, thin

    leather.

    JCVM sxr
    ~

    pt \..La.

    o~ ~J..)u

    haaoa 1-l:zukum muub


    caadil; masxara. This verdict is not

    just; it's a joke.

    t '-""

    sxf

    See under ..J t ~ ~xf

    J t '-""

    sxl

    ut '-""

    sxn

    See under u ~ ~xn.

    'i C'-""

    sxy

    See under l.j t ~ ~xy.

    sl:zy

    'i C'-""

    y .l'"

    See under Jt~ ~xi.

    ~L....... saal:zil p.

    masxara frivolousness, state of

    sixar (~yisxar) (with if min)

    to laugh at, mock, make fun of. ~


    c..J"\_;j\ ri..Li ~ sixar minni jiddaam
    n-naas. He made fun of me in front of
    the people.

    J J '-""

    sdd

    sadd (~ ysidd) I. to close up,


    plug. U-.itll ...L..,., t:--" )1 1-wa~ax sadd
    1-magsala. The dirt stopped up the
    sink. c,;UI r..S~ IJ..L... J ~..UI ..:;... _;--k..

    mutrat d-dinya w-saddaw majra


    1-maay. It rained and they dammed the
    water course.

    2. to pay back . ..L...

    ~ ~\ cJ"_,lill sadd li-fluus illi cafee.

    He paid back the money he owed. 3 .


    to close, shut. ~ if yWI ...~..,.., sidd
    1-baab min fa9lak. Close the door,
    please. ..L... (_)J 0-:!j y .J-" ~~ l..i...A
    !~l....>-

    haaoa /-bank muub zeen. ruul:z


    sidd /:tsaabak! This bank is not good.
    Go

    close

    your account!

    (prov.)

    314
    ~..L.... .J~~

    4:-- ~

    ~I ~;..UI

    d-diriisa IIi yjiik minha daxxaan sidda.


    Prevent a bad thing from happening at
    the start. Nip bad things in the bud.
    (lit., "Close the window that lets in
    smoke on you."). 4. to obstruct, block.
    J-,!)JI IJ..L... J L.s-~ J--.-=- bi~a/ dacma
    w-saddaw {-{ariig. There was a car
    accident and they blocked the way. ~
    ~ J-,!}JI ..L... J_,...,u..UI had-drwweil
    sadd {-{ariig cafayya. This driver
    blocked my way. ,..l>.-IJ "-:,lts- o _,kll ~
    opi ~ l..:# ..L...,j a...>.:I;J hat-toofa
    caa/ya waayid, w-raayba tsidd cafeena
    man{Jar 1-muntazah. This wall is very
    high and it's going to obstruct our
    view of the park. 5. to meet, cover,
    satisfy. J-->-- ~ ...,._,1 ....J-.:;; .:r-~'>WI ~
    d.....,.il..r.ll l) ~I ..L...,j bac{J 1-ba/aadiin
    titsallaf fluus laji/ tsidd 1-cajiz fi
    1-miizaaniyya. Some countries borrow
    money in order to meet the deficit in
    the budget. 6. to fill, close . .11 . ~ y
    ~ L.. t_l) !.l; .-...r .r- twaffa. 'a!!aah
    yirbama. tarak faraag ma yinsadd. He
    passed away. May God bless his soul.
    He left a gap that cannot be filled.
    saddad II to pay up, settle. ~..l....
    ~ ~I ~I
    saddad kil/1-mab/ag
    illi calee. He paid up the whole
    amount he owed.
    .)..l.....l

    JS'

    .)J...-J

    tsaddad

    V I. to be paid back.

    2. to meet, cover, satisfy.


    ..L.-il nsadd

    VII

    I. to be blocked,

    obstructed, plugged up.

    2. to be

    closed, shut.
    ..l.....l

    sadd (v.n. from

    ..L...

    sadd)

    I.

    closing, plugging, stopping up. ..L...


    ~}WI sadd 1-baaluuca the clogging of

    tw-1 . (. .

    the sewer. 2. paying back.


    sadd 1-mab/ag paying back the
    amount. 3. closing, shutting. yl:)l ..(....
    sadd 1-baab closing, shutting the door.
    yl....J..I ..L... sadd li-bsaab closing of
    the account. 4. obstructing, blocking.
    sadd {-{ariig the blocking of the way.
    5. meeting, covering (e.g., a deficit).
    6. filling, closing. t_l~l ..L... sadd
    1-faraag filling the gap.
    ..l.....l

    sadd p.

    ~ J..L...

    sduud 1. dam. 2.

    dike. 3. barrier.
    ..; .I !.JM sdr

    sidir (coli.) 1. lotus trees. s. -a.


    ~ ...L.>.-IJ ;..l.... ~fii sidir waayid hini.
    There are many lotus trees here. 2.
    leaves of lotus trees. .JL..)I ~..li 0

    .)..l.....l

    J~ ;..L..ll .J~ ljl.S" ...r'UI ~


    .J y.~l fi gadiim z-zamaan bac{J
    n-nQQS CQQnQW yisfaCim!UUn S-Sidir
    bidal ~-~aabuun. A long time ago
    some people used the leaves of lotus
    trees instead of soap.

    !.JM .J !.JM sds


    ._r~J.....o
    ._r~.)L.,.,

    suds p . ...r'l..l....l sdaas one-sixth.


    saadis (common var. uL... saatt)

    sixth, the sixth. See also under u u""'


    stt.
    ~..; !.JM srb

    .r-J

    tsarrab V I. to leak, seep out.


    ~~ .:..r--- y ~ l:,)lll 1-maay yitsarrab
    min !-peep. The water is leaking from
    the pipe. 2. to leak out, spread, get
    out. .r-j}l ~ .:r ~~ ;~~I ~
    bact;} 1-'axbaar tsarrabat min maktab

    1-waziir. Some news leaked out from


    3. to infiltrate.

    the minister's office.

    315
    J..u..ll j, ~ J~ 0 y.~ t......~

    "-J fii
    cassaasa yitsarrabuun 'ila xtuut
    [-cadu. There are spies who infiltrate

    enemy lines.
    [.JI.JM srj

    [..J""' sarj p. (.J.r" sruuj saddle.

    t.'.r-'

    siraaj p.

    (.J..r-"

    sruuj lamp,

    lantern.
    t_'.J"""" sarraaj p. -iin
    leather craftsman.

    1. saddler. 2.

    .J.J ljM srr

    .J"""" sarr (~ ysirr) 1. to make happy,


    cheer, delight. l) (,>...L..l J C. U. J ..r-"

    sarrani

    najaa/:1 wildi fi

    li-mti/;laan.

    C..J"""" sira/:1 (c.~ yisra/:1) 1. to move


    away, go away, leave.~~ (..r" 1./1)1
    r-raaci sira/:1 b-1-ganam. The shepherd
    left with the sheep. 2. to graze freely.

    l?

    0y~ ~\

    1-ganam yisra/;luun fi s-suhuul


    w-1-widyaan. Sheep graze freely in
    3. to be
    meadows and valleys.
    distracted, let one's mind wander.
    C.~ ~~J ~.)'""! ~_,.;:. ~ J~ yigdar

    yintabih swaY.Ya bass w-bacdeen


    yisra/:1. He can pay attention for only a
    while, and then his mind wanders.

    C..r-' sarra/:1

    II 1. to discharge,
    dismiss, release s.o. from a job, lay
    off. ..,_;W.. ~I ~ ~ .r-" L..oP I

    li-/;lkuuma
    sarra/;lat
    muc9am
    1-'ayaanib. The government has laid
    off most of the foreigners. 2. to comb,

    do up (the hair). ~I..W .....U.f W,b ~

    LA~ C.~ J o~I binti daaym~n


    toogaf jiddaam 1-min9ara w-tsarri/:1
    sacraha. My daughter always stands in
    front of the mirror and combs her hair.

    c.'r saraa/:1

    left with the sheep. 2. being distracted


    (mind), wandering. (.JL-... o~
    tajkiira saari/:1. He is distracted.

    0L..:.w ~I

    C.JI.JM sr/:1

    0~;,)\J J~l

    c_)l....M saari/:1 (act. part. from (..r""


    sira/:1) 1. having gone or moved away,
    having left. ~~ (.JL... 1./1)1 r-raaci
    saari/:1 b-1-ganam. The shepherd has

    release. 4>-\.r"" I_,....Albi


    'at[agaw saraa/:la. They released him.

    My son's passing the


    examination pleased me . ..=.LI J ~
    a...J..:lll l....i JJ} ~ ysirrani 'innak tiyi
    tzuurna 1-1ee1a. It makes me very
    happy that you will come to visit us
    tonight. 2. to tell a secret, confide in
    s.o. .U_;i J..wi L.. J ~ ~ ..r-" sarr

    ca1ayya b-sayy w-ma 'agdar 'aguula.


    He let me in on s.th. and I can't tell it.
    _r--JI nsarr VII to be or become
    happy, be delighted. e:---r:" 0:-J _r--il
    0L>.:.. ~I l) o..U J C.~ nsarr 1een simac
    b-najaa/:1 wilda fi li-mti/:laan. He
    became happy when he heard of his
    son's passing the examination.
    .J"""" sirr p. ).r""i 'asraar secret. ~
    .,r-ll calmat s-sirr the password. c.~
    ..r-1~ baal) b-s-sirr. He revealed the
    secret.
    ~

    ..r- sirri

    1. secret. ~.r" d.JL... J risaala


    sirriY.Ya secret letter. ':? ~ t. L....::.:-1
    jtimaac sirri secret meeting.
    2.
    classified, confidential. ~_,....... ..:...Lo _;,.,.

    mac[uumaat

    sirriY.Ya

    classified

    information.
    JJ.J"""" suruur joy, happiness, pleasure.
    IJJ.r-"" ~ b-kull suruur! With

    316

    JJ.;----t masruur p. -iin glad, happy,

    pleased. ~ )1~ J).r---' ui 'aana


    masruur b-hal-wa9iifa. I am pleased
    with this job.~~ J).r-" l..ii 'aana
    masruur b-najaabak. I am happy
    about your success.
    t,...J~

    t._.,r--o misric (act. part. from IV t.r"i

    src

    t._ri 'asrac IV to speed up, hasten,


    hurry. o_r-->- j:! I)J..U L..) tr"i 'asrac
    w-ma gdaraw yizixxuu. He speeded up
    and they couldn't catch him. !t~ 'Y
    ~ JJr .)'~ ~ Ia tisricf fii sirti
    muruur hini. Don't speed up! There is
    a traffic policeman here. J..IZ t~ I~[
    '-""WI ~ 'ioa tisric tigdar tilbag
    1-paa$. If you hurry, you can catch the
    bus.

    t._.,r-1

    tsarrac V to be hasty, rash, do


    s.th. in a hurry. Lr" ~) t~ CIJ
    45"".,-::JI raab tsarrac w-fannas min
    s-sarika. He was rash and resigned
    from the company. !~ !t~ 'Y Ia
    titsarracf fakkir! Don't do things in a
    hurry! Think!
    ~ .)"""" surea
    ~ .r----!

    1. (with .:r min)


    faster than. ~I 0-" tr"i oJWI
    s-sayyaara 'asrac min 1-butbu(a. A car
    is faster than a motorcycle. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the fastest. ~..,k tri ~l;.
    haaoi 'asrac {ariiga. This is the fastest
    way.

    t._ri 'asrac (elat.)

    pleasure, gladly!

    I. speed. WY-J..UI

    muc9am
    d-dreewliyya hni ysuuguun b-surca.
    Most drivers here drive fast.
    _rU
    ~.;:... _,.....JI ~ r ' fCarf cam surca/ $-$00!?
    Do you know what the speed of sound
    is?
    2. quickness, promptness. (JJ
    ~ ~ JW) ruub w-tacaal b-surca. Go
    and come back right away.
    J _; .)-----!.

    r5' . . .;

    t:j)"""" sarUC fast, quick, speedy. (JJ


    ~_r-JI JL..,b.AJ~ ruub b-1-gi(aar s-sarW.

    Go by express train.

    'asrac) going at a fast speed, speeding.


    n-najda b-txaalif
    1-misric. The police squad issues
    violations to speeding motorists. 015'
    t.r-- caan misric. He was speeding.
    t.r-ll tJ .;...L...l5:....ll [-cakkaasaat zzixx
    1-misric. Cameras catch speeding
    motorists.
    t.r--11 ._Qj~ ii.J.;,.JI

    ~..J~ srf

    J r-'i 'asraf IV to spend lavishly, be


    extravagant. ~b . ~ t) ~ L.
    .....; _,.......-.!. rna yfakkir fi mustagbala.
    daayman yisrif. He doesn't think of
    his future. He is always extravagant.

    J .;---" misrif(act. part. from IV .....;.r"i


    'asraf) I. extravagant, wasteful.
    spendthrift.
    'i..J~

    2.

    sry

    L> .)"""" sara (~ ~ yisri) l. to travel at

    night. ~ L.l..o J ~ j-JJI t) ~..,...


    sareena fi /-/eel leen wisalna makka.
    We travelled at night until we reached
    Mecca. 2. (with Js- cafa) to go very
    early in the morning to some place.
    ~I ~ lS .r-"' sara cala s-sugul. He
    went to work very early in the
    morning. 3. to spread.~~ r..UI .1~J
    ~ J>- li~J \.a Jf' t) rbaa{ d-damm
    yisri fi cruugna w-ysiddna bagg baca9.
    Blood relationship flows through our

    317
    veins and pulls us together. L.J\.1 _,.-ll
    '---'~ .) c.?~ s-sarataan yisri fi
    c(iaama.
    Cancer
    is
    spreading
    throughout his bones.
    4. to be
    effective, be in force, take effect. l.h.
    .f'y u_,w c.?~ L.ljLA.ll haaoa
    1-gaanuun yisri majCuu1a baaCir. This
    law will be in force tomorrow. 5.
    (with ~ ca1a) to apply to, be
    applicable to. ~I Js- c.? .r-!. L.J _,.;WI
    1-gaanuun yisri cafa 1-jimUC. The law
    applies to all people.
    ~.r-" sariyya p. ~l.r-" saraaya
    detachment (mil.), squadron.
    IJ~r

    sarayaan (v.n. from c.Sf" sara)


    1. flow, spread, diffusion. ~...L.JI L.l~r'
    sarayaan d-damm the flow of blood.
    2. validity, coming into force.
    l.r-"'1 'isra (lit. '-IJ'"""l 'israa') night
    journey, midnight journey. l.r-"'jl
    1-'isra Muhammad's midnight journey
    to heaven. c_I~IJ l.r-"'jl 1-'isra
    w-1-micraaj Muhammad's midnight
    journey and ascension to heaven.
    .; ljM ljM

    ssr

    r""L.,., saasar

    III to whisper in s.o. 's


    ear. J~l .) J _,.....L.... Jt.u tacaal saasirni
    fi 'ioni. Come and whisper in my ear

    orl.....a

    msaasara (v.n. from III r'L....


    saasar) whispering, whisper.

    J .b ljM

    sf[

    See under J l:t ~ $[1.


    JttjM sed
    .AA...I sicad (~yiscad) 1. (withy b-)

    to be happy, be pleased. o"~ ..:..>..U.....


    sicau b-ligaa'a. I am happy to meet

    him. 2. to please, make happy . .iill


    !!I~ 'a!!aah yiscidk! God make you
    happy! o..l.....-i' oL..:..< ..r- /:lurumta tiscida.
    His wife makes him happy. ~~
    d.il.:--- .) ~p J c_J? .!,li_,.:;.i yiscidni
    'acuufak mitzawwij w-mitwa.ffig fi
    /:layaatak. It pleases me to see you
    married and getting ahead in your life.
    ~L...t

    saacad III to help, assist.


    !~~L.... saacidni! Help me! .ail"-~
    ~IJ J--.5' ~~ 1i/:lyatin gaanma.
    ysaacid kill waa/:lid. He's a good man.
    He helps everyone. Js- ~W ...,..)..lll
    y~l y1-madaaris tsaacid ca1a ma/:lw
    1-'ummiyya. Schools help with the
    eradication of illiteracy.
    ~l-J tsaacad VI to help each other.
    .._____.I_;...UI .) \..i~L__..j' tsaacadna fi
    d-diraasa. We helped each other in

    studying.
    ~

    saciid p. l..u.......... sucada, -iin 1.


    happy. d.il.:---.) ~ L.l~ ~~ ~i
    'atmanna
    'innak tkuun saciid fi
    bayaatak. I hope you will be happy in
    your life. .k...J-1 ~ saciid 1-ba<J(i
    lucky, fortunate.
    ..Y......., sciid Said (common name in the
    U.A.E.). (prov.) !I_;l..:-o y i ~ sciid
    'uxu mbaarak. Two peas in a pod. (lit.,
    "Said is Mubarak's brother."). y>- _pJ~ cambar xu b{aa{ has the same
    meaning, and it's more common.
    (prov.) _;~ ..__.i ~ ~ sciid b-ceen
    'umma badir. Beauty is only in the eye
    of the beholder. (lit., "Said is a full
    moon in his mother's eye.") .
    O~IA...... sacaada 1. happiness.

    JWI

    d...,;..\_;

    s-sacaada

    J o~t......JI

    fi raal)at l-baa1.

    318

    Happiness lies in the relaxed state of


    mind. 2. title, roughly equivalent to
    His Excellency, His Grace, etc. ~t-.
    ! ~J.ll sacaadat 1-mudiir! His
    Excellency, the Director! !_r-J.ll ~t-. I.!
    ya
    sacaadat
    1-mudiir!
    Your
    Excellency, the Director!

    .p

    sucuudi I. Saudi, charateristic


    of Saudi Arabia. ,_pr---! 1 JJH 1
    1-batrool
    s-sucuudi
    the
    Saudi
    2. a Saudi Arab . ..:......;i
    petroleum.
    ~~ '}IJ (P.)"-" 'inta sucuudi walla
    x~liiji? Are you a Saudi or a Gulf
    Arab?
    IJI.M......~ sacdaan p . .:r-~t-. sacaadiin I.
    monkey. .j .JI_,....,.,ll ~...l>- .j .:r-~t-. ....,;
    ~ J..UI jii sacaadiin ji l;adiigat
    1-l;ayawaan ji d-dool;a. There are
    monkeys in the zoo in Doha. 2. ape.

    .M......~i 'ascad (elat.)

    happier than.
    happiest.

    I. (with if min)
    2. (with foil. n.) the

    o~lA....-....o

    musaacada p. -aat help,


    assistance. WL.. o..u:.L.... J ~..I...! .!..L,.ll
    !-bank
    gaddam-li
    musaacada
    maaliyya. The bank offered me
    financial assistance. 6..!.:.\...,a.::j\ ul..u:.L-.
    musaacadaat 'igti~aadiyya economic
    aid.
    saacid p . ..u:-1.)-"' sawaacid I.
    forearm. 2. hilt (of a sword). ..u:.L..
    .....o..,....JI saacid s-seefthe hilt of a sword.
    ~L...

    ~\.-...o msaacid III (act. part. from III


    ..u:.L..... saacad) I. having helped s.o. y.

    v-'i

    J..U:.L-. huwa msaacidni 'ams. He

    2. helper,
    helped me yesterday.
    assistant. _r-J.ll ..u:.L-. msaacid 1-mudiir
    the assistant to the director.

    Jt4JM scr
    .1"-' saccar II to price, set a price on
    s.th. ~~J ~~J __,G1 u ./'"-" .._._,.(J-1
    /i-l;kuuma SQccaraf S-Sakaar W-/-Cees
    w-1-bee{J. The government has fixed
    the price of sugar, rice and eggs.

    rS

    .1"-' sicir p. ) .,_..... i 'ascaar price.


    ~J:,L..kJI _,.......cam sicir t-tamaat? What
    is the price of tomatoes? ..._. _,5j-1 .1'-'
    sicir 1-J;ukuuma the price set by the
    government.
    Jt~ scj

    ~i 'ascaj IV I. to help, aid, assist.


    ~iJ ...........:; y. L->.- yaa b-wagta
    w-'asca.frzi.
    He carne at the right
    moment and helped me. 2. to give
    medical assistance. . ._}> }11 ~ Cl1
    o_,..;.........iJ o~l..,.JI oJ_G:. (aa}J cal a l-'arrJ
    xaooo f-ciyaada w-'ascafoo. He fell to
    the ground. They took him to the
    clinic and rendered medical service to
    him.
    ..J~j 'iscaaf(v.n.) I. aid, relief, help.
    2. medical assistance . ...._;\...........~I o),,....
    sayyaarat 1-'iscaaf the ambulance.
    J} _;,\.......___._.) 'iscaaf 'awwali, ..::..>\..t\,._...l
    Ji 'iscaafaat 'awwaliyya first aid.

    ~ sacaf (coil.) branches or stalks

    (esp. of palm trees). s.


    .Jt~

    scifa.

    sew

    oJl'--'

    scawa p. -aat yellow wagtail

    (bird).

    l.j t~ scy
    ~

    sac a ( I...S"--!- yisca) to work,


    endeavor, try. L... <....)""'--l ~..l.l.:JI .j \5"-"
    ~ _,JI ~ sacaa-li ji 1-baladiyya

    319

    bass rna l:za~~alt 1-wa{Jiifa. He tried for


    me in the municipality but I didn't get
    the job. J-j ~ rj~ .JW)'II-'insaan
    laazirn yisca zeen. People should strive
    hard. J:Al~ &J ~ yiscaa-lak
    b-1-gatil. He's trying to have you
    killed.
    ~o,_.

    saaci (act. part.) p. oL....... sucaa


    messenger, delivery boy. -l:!..r.--11 if"L...
    saaci 1-bariid mail carrier.
    ..)~ ljM s.fr

    .}-- sa.!far II 1. to send on a journey,


    send away. 0JM v"LJI ~~I J
    ~l_y fi ~-~eef hni n-na~s ysaffruu~
    cawaayilhurn. In the summer here
    people send their families away. 2. to
    deport, expel. ...,_;L>.-i ..::..>_,A-.. a..... _,.s:J-1
    0-:!...1.>.-IJ li-l:zkuurna sa.ffarat 'ayaanib
    waaydiin. The government expelled
    many foreigners. ~ul o..J..:s. \... -.j~ oJ~
    saffaroo linna rna cinda 'igaarna. They
    deported him because he didn't have a
    residence permit.

    }L..t saafar III I. to travel, take a trip.

    ;;JW~

    }L........ saafar b-s-sayyaara. He


    traveled by car. 1..? )f. ..::..> }L... saafart
    b-ruu/:zi. I traveled alone. )L........i ?<-:!IJ
    ~~ l..i...J. .:.>..l.J raayib 'asaa.fir la::dan
    haaoa ~-~eef I am going to travel to
    London this summer. 2. to leave,
    depart. .?~ 0 J}~ ~IJ ~~
    raayl:ziin ysaa.fruun
    l-rnurna88liin
    baaCir. The representatives are going
    ~
    to leave tomorrow. }L........ L.
    cifta gabil-rna saafar. I saw him
    before he left.

    (v.n.) traveling, travel.


    ~ 6.5'~ sarikat safar travel
    safar

    company.

    o_;......,

    sa.fra (n. of inst.) p. -aat 1. trip,


    journey, tour.

    o_;......,

    su.fra p. ~ sufar mat on which


    food is put. ;; _,i--ll <..? ~ l:za{J{Jri
    s-su.fra. Set the table.
    ~

    safiir p. I~ sufara. ambassador.


    ~.r~l _r-A--JI s-safiir 1-'arnriiki the
    American ambassador. IJL>.- 1.)....-11
    ~I~ l_,....l-....J s-sufara yaw
    w-sallarnaw
    cafa
    s-seex.
    The
    ambassadors came and greeted the
    Shaikh.
    ;~

    sufuur I. unveiling, uncovering


    the face of a woman. 2. with the face
    uncovered, without a veil. ~ ~I
    )_,A---. ~ L. rj~ u .r.-5" 1-bint leen
    kubrat laazirn rna titfac sufuur. When
    a girl is older, she mustn't go around
    unveiled.

    o;I.A...,.,

    safaara p. -aat embassy. ~


    Y~~..r-~1 o}...i..--ll J-J J J_,..o.; rnurnkin
    tgul-li ween s-safaara 1-'arnrikaaniyya? Will you please tell me where
    the American embassy is?

    o}L.... saa.fra (f.) p. -aat unveiled,


    wearing no veil. ~ L. ,;;}L........
    saa.fra, rna titl:zajjab. She goes
    unveiled; she doesn't wear a veil.
    }1.-..o rnsaafir (act. part. from III

    }L...

    saafar) 1. away, out of town . .:.r-J


    }L...... L...... ween saalirn? rnsaafir.
    Where is Salim? He's out of town. 2.
    traveling, going on a trip. }L....-. .._s:-Y~.ri ~ rnita rnsaajir l:zagg
    'arnriika? When are you traveling to
    America? 3. (as noun p. -iin) traveler.

    Yt

    320
    4. passenger.

    J ~.J J '-""

    sfrjl

    ~ ~ safarjal (coil.) quinces. s. -a.

    J J '-""

    sjl

    JiL...

    saafil p. '.>\..A...... sufala I. lowly,


    2. despicable
    mean, despicable.
    person.

    uJ

    '-""

    sfn

    safiina p. ,Y..... sufun ship, boat.


    ~4 ..cll Jl <$"' .:r }W J..lii tigdar
    tsaafir min hni 'ila /-hind b-s-safiina.
    You can travel from here to India by
    ship. 4---)1 ...;..=-- o.L:. _,.;11 n-nooxaiJa
    }Jagg s-safiina the ship captain.

    uJ

    '-""
    ~

    sfnj
    sfanj (coil.) sponges. s. -a.

    o J '-"" sfh
    ~ safiih p. ~ sufaha 1. foolish,
    silly. 2. impudent, shameless.

    4ALG....... safaaha (v.n.) I. foolishness,


    stupidity. 2. impudence, shamelessness.

    . ~ '-""

    sg{ See under ~ ~ ~gf.

    J ~ '-"" sgf
    J,L... saggaf II to provide with a roof
    or ceiling. ~I ~ 1iliL.;.;I .}"'-!
    baaf:ir n~aaf!a nsaggifl-beet. Tomorrow, God willing, we will roof the

    house.
    "'"'"-' sag[ p. .....;_;..-.. sguuf roof of a
    house or a building. C LJ, ~I ~
    _;-kll .:.r" safg /-beet {aa}J min 1-mutar.
    The roof of the house fell down
    because of the rain.

    t" ~ '-"" sgm


    ~ saggam II to pay money to pearl
    divers in advance. o.b:. _,.;11 y. ~ Jll
    'illi ysaggim huwa n-nooxaiJa. The one
    who pays money in advance to pearl
    divers is the ship captain.
    ~l.i......J tisgaam money paid in advance
    by a ship captain.

    'i ~ '-""

    sgy

    ~ siga (~ yisgi)
    1. to water,
    provide wat~r for. .J ~ .l:z.,All .)
    r~
    ~I hini fi 1-gee{J yisguun
    s-siyar kill yoom. Here, in the summer,
    they water trees every day . .J~ J
    ~ ~ ..r-) tint {Jamyaan w-}Jurumti
    sigatni. I was very thirsty and my wife
    gave me water to drink. J..L:All b.J
    o.r.---! JlA......-. ~JJ ri}Jna 1-fundug
    w-rifiiji sigaani biira. We went to the
    hotel and my friend treated me to a
    beer.

    .:r

    JS"

    .:.. cl """ s kt

    d.- sikat (~yaskit) 1. to be or


    become silent. .....; ~ Lo !~I 'iskit!
    rna tcarf Hush! Shut up! You don't
    know. r-.lll ~ c.S) ,~1 'iskit,
    tara yismacak 1-mudiir. Shut up! The
    director will probably hear you. ~
    ~ Ju L.) ..:.5..- cugba sikat w-ma
    gaal sayy. Later on, he became silent
    and said nothing. 2. to quiet down,
    ~J..:.:ll J-::. ~
    calm down. 4.....) _,(]1
    1P:.., leen dass t-tindeel killl-kuuliyya
    siktaw. When the foreman entered, all
    the coolies quieted down. ~~ .J-"1
    ~..J ..:.5..-..;....) -~? 'uhu lli ~arable.
    lees sikatt-la? He is the one who hit
    you. Why did you take it from him?

    J-S

    32I

    ~ sakkat II to silence, quiet,


    calm. :i.>-L.o )~ ~\J:.I d.,__., i~l 1-'umm
    sakkatat 1-yaahil b-r-ra{J{Jaaca. The
    mother quieted the child with the
    nursing bottle. ~ ).J ~~~ U> ...f-.!.J
    !Jyl ~ wee ha{J-{Ja;ja? ruuf:zi
    sakkti fi-cyaa{! What's this noise? Go
    silence the kids.

    ~ sakta (n. ofinst.) p. -aat silence,


    quiet. y ~ sakta ga{biyya heart
    failure.
    ..::J~ sukuut (v.n. from ~ sikat)
    silence, quiet. (prov.) i')\....5J1 Jl.S' Jl
    ~~ .:..r-- ._:_,~I ,d......,a.j .:..r-- 'in caan
    1-kalaam min ji{J{Ja, s-sukuut min
    oahab. Speech is silver; silence is
    golden.

    ..) ~ '-"" skr

    ~ sikar (~ yiskar)

    I. to get

    drunk, become intoxicated. ~


    .F-:!~ J _,$'J:-!J J J~ ul..o.J:-1 bac{J
    1-jamaaca b-yiskaruun w-byirkabuun
    siyaayiir. Some people get drunk and
    drive cars. ~ l) .h.;_;; iuJ ~
    sikar w-gaam yxarbit ji f:zacya. He got
    drunk and his
    speech became
    muddled. 2. to drink liquor. ~
    ~ ......:,':} ...:., .JY_;,; ~iMata tadahwarat
    linna yiskar. His health deteriorated
    because he drinks. J...\.._;;jjl J _r>- )f..
    J---)ll l) ~ i .J-!. J-S J) .f---.:)
    yruul:zuun 1-fundug w-yiskaruun kill
    yoom xamiis ji !-lee!. They go to the
    hotel and drink every Thursday night.

    ~ sakkar
    II to make drunk,
    intoxicate. I}~J 'J )~ ,~ JJ..,.:.

    u"
    xaoooni, sakkarooni, w-baagaw
    fluusi. They took me, got me drunk,

    and stole my money.


    ~ sikir (v.n. from ~ sikar)
    drunkenness, drinking. l) il.r- }:-JI
    i"j._.,. 'il s-sikir f:zaraam fi 1-'islaam.
    Drinking is unlawful in Islam. ~
    ~I .:..r--- .F-:!~1 ..;,..,.)l_r>- muc{Jam
    f:zawaadi(} s-siyaayiir min s-sikir. Most
    car accidents are due to drunkenness.
    o~ sakra (n. of inst.) p. -aat
    instance of drunkenness, drinking
    spree. (prov.) ...:.,L.....:.,. J o;:.._..J1 -.::.->-I.J
    o~I raal}at s-sakra w-yat 1-fakra.
    (lit., "Drunkenness has gone and
    careful thinking has come.").

    i.JI~ sakraan p. i.S)s:.__, skaara, -iin


    I. drunk, intoxicated. 2. intoxicated
    person .

    ~ muskir p. -aat I. alcoholic


    beverage, intoxicating liquor. 2. (adj.)
    ~ )1 J-:.- ; ~ y _,.... o_r--:.ll 1-biira
    muub muskira mi(}il 1-wiski. Beer is
    not as intoxicating as whiskey.

    ..; 'I u ..J ~ '-""

    skrtyr

    ,;-;~ sikirteer p. -iyya, -iin male


    secretary. _?~ _;:; }:-!1 ~~J ~ y i..f.J.:.$.
    cindi mawcid wiyya s-sikirteer baaCir.
    I have an appointment with the
    secretary tomorrow. _;:; _?---, ~
    yistagil sikirteer. He works as a
    secretary.

    'u~ '-"" skn


    ~ sikan (~yiskin) 1. to dwell,
    live (in a place), reside. lh l) .d.._.
    ~ ?
    ~~ sikant ji haaoa !-beet
    xams siniin. I have lived in this house
    for five years. !.,/-.) l) ~ o_r>-i 'uxuu
    yiskin fi dbayy. His brother lives in

    322

    Dubai. 2. to subside, calm, become


    still. ~)I as.\.... ~ ~ J IJ...UI ~_,.:;.
    J.,- sribt d-duwa W-cugub nU$,V saaca
    1-wujac silcan. I took the medicine, and
    the pain subsided after half an hour.
    ~ sakkan II I. to lodge, provide
    living quarters for s.o. ~ .._. _,s:J-1

    .. ':....:... ~ <J JL.......JI li-bkuuma


    sakkanat [-cummaal fi byuut sacbiyya.
    The government settled the workers in
    low income housing.
    2. to calm,
    alleviate, soothe. ~ ~_r;. Jll IJ...UI
    ~ _,ll d-duwa lli sribta ysakkin
    1-wajac. The medicine I took alleviates
    pain.
    ~I nsikan VII to be lived in,
    inhabited. ~ L.. ~~ I~ haaoa
    /-beet rna yinsikin fii. This house
    cannot be lived in.

    ,:/--- mas/can p.
    home, residence.

    JL-...

    masaakin

    I)IS:.....j'iskaan l. settling. 0~[ C;!JL::...


    masaarW 'iskaan settling projects,
    housing projects. 2. housing. ;; )jJ
    0\.S::..........'~I
    wazaarat 1-'iskaan the
    ministry of housing.

    Ji....-

    saakin (act. part. from ~


    1. living, residing, dwelling.
    ~~~ .!l~ JL__... U I 'aana saakin
    hnaak oalbiin. I am living there now.
    2. (p. .:,l5:..____. sikkaan) dweller,
    inhabitant, resident. u,b.;.l.l u .:,\5:.._..
    J-_,_1.! ~ sikkaan hal-mantiga
    killhum bluuS. The inhabitants of this
    region are all Baluchis. 3. (p. only)
    population. .:,r--- ).--S"i ..:...IJL... )'I .:,\5:.._..
    ~ _r-L sikkaan l-'imaaraat 'ak()ar min
    malyooneen. The population of the
    sikan)

    U .A. E. is more than two million. 4.


    calm, still, motionless. J'- ~)I
    ~~~ r-riib saakin oalbiin. The wind
    is calm now.

    ,P--o

    maskuun (p.p. from ._f.sikan)


    1. inhabited, populated. 2.
    haunted. .:.r-- ...._,.; ..J _,>.--.. .:.>WI LA
    hal-mukaan maskuun. fii jinn. This
    place is haunted; there arejinnis in it.
    I)

    J.-..o

    musakkin (act. part. from II


    ~ sakkan) 1. (p. -iin) pacifier,
    calmer, soother. 2. (p. -aat) tranquilizer, sedative.

    "u1.!1 c.JA'

    skn

    ~ sikkiin
    uti IJ"' sen.

    ":' J c.JA'

    sicCiin. See under

    sIb

    ~ sajbi
    !. having a negative
    attitude. L....c_b ~ y. .J~ .J .r.J.j 'i Ia
    ddiir-la baa/. huwa sa/bi daayman.
    Don't listen to him. He always has a
    negative attitude.
    2. passive. t u~
    ~ difaac salbi passive resistance.

    Y _;-...; 'usluub p. ~L...i 'asaa/iib 1.


    way, method, procedure. 2. manner,
    style, fashion.

    cJ ~.)A'

    sib

    ~ salla~1 II 1. to arm, provide with


    weapons. L::!~ 6.>..L~ ~ \.;,..,L
    sallabna jeesna b-'asliba badiWa. We
    have equipped our army with modem
    weapons. 2. to reinforce, strengthen.
    ~..cliJ ~~ ,...r.t..JI ~ sallabna
    s-saas b-s-smiit w-1-badiid. We
    reinforced the foundation with cement
    and iron.

    323
    ~ tsalla/.1 V

    1. to arm oneself.
    ....~~ ~ JJ ~ lsallal_lna w-ri/.lna
    1-gan~. We armed ourselves and went
    hunting. 2. to be armed, be provided
    with weapons. ~J..>. -....L~ ~ ~
    jeesna tsalla/.1 b- 'asli/.la l)adii8a. Our
    army was provided with modern
    weapons.

    c_'1-- silaal) p. -....Li 'aslil)a weapons,


    armor. ~~ C ":J..- si/aa/:1 1-jaww the air
    force. I.$_;; C ":J..- ~..l:S- \... y _rJI f-carab
    ma c;ndahum silaal) gawi. The Arabs
    don't have powerful weapons. ~
    ...,.. "'j._..., sa/lam silaal)a. He laid down
    his weapons. He surrendered.

    cL

    ~ tas/iil) (v.n. from II


    sa/lab)
    arming, providing with weapons.

    cL

    ~ musallab (p.p. from II


    sa/lab)
    l. armored. d.:>.L....... o).,,.__..
    sayyaara musallaba armored car. 2.
    armed. .:._r--!-j ~ I -~ jeesna
    musallab zeen. Our army has been
    well-armed. 3. reinforced, armored.
    W-11 ...;_,I_,...AJI 1-guwwaat 1-musallaba
    the armed forces.
    ~ smiit
    musalla~z reinforced concrete.

    E--"

    tJUM

    six

    ~ silax (~ yislax) I. to skin (an

    animal). o\..;;.:.l__,., J ~I J;:- 4.$J.>.- ~_r..:;.l


    stireena yidi cafa f_ciid w-silaxnaa.
    We bought a young billy goat for the
    feast and skinned it
    ~~

    nsi/ax

    VII

    to be skinned.

    ..L:JI r~

    .J ~~ J-.J.>.-'J .Ju.r>- J .J4.J.>.yidyaan


    w-xirfaan
    waaydiin
    yinoib~uun yoom f-ciid_ Many billy

    goats and lambs are killed and skinned


    on the day of the feast

    ~ sa/x (v.n. from

    t:L. silax) skin-

    ning (an animal).

    C:l---

    mas/ax p.
    slaughterhouse.

    t_ L-..o

    J UM

    sit See under .b J ~~I{.

    e,.J UM

    s[c

    4AL.. sifca p.

    masaalix

    c:-- silac commodity,

    commercial article.

    '-'JUM

    slf

    sallaf II to lend (money to s.o.),


    loan, advance. V'_,..lj .!J..AL..i ~ l.$i
    Y.!.l.AL.i \... ~ 'ii nacam 'asallifkjluus.
    lees ma 'asallifk? Yes, indeed, I will
    lend you some money. Why wouldn't
    I lend it to you? CJ) ~i !v-_,ij ~
    V' ~i sallifni jluus! 'abga 'aruub
    'acarris. Lend me some money. I want
    to go get married. ~ I.$ ;lA...!I ~~
    u--1 ~l_,ll J>- V' _,ij /-bank J-cagaari
    ysallif jluus l)agg li-mwaa{niin bass.
    The real-estate bank loans money
    only to citizens. ~ ~i ~~ ~~
    ~ r J.-->- V' ~ ~ /~bank illi
    'astagil
    fii ysallif jluus l)agg
    mwa(J(Jafiina. The bank where I work
    advances loans to its employees.
    ~ tsallaf V to borrow (money), to
    get a loan. .:._r-o ~J~ .J _,...J.. ~ ..Ja.Lj

    .J?IS~ ~J 1.$1 u.JI ~~ ssallafnu~~


    ma/yoon dirhim min /-bank f-cagaari
    w-bina dikaakiin. He borrowed half a
    million dirhams from the real-estate
    bank and built stores .
    ~ sa/af

    I. advance payment
    paid to a sailor), money

    (originally
    borrowed. ..__Qj__ ~ J~ ~ ~
    cateeta miiteen dirhim salaf I gave

    324
    him an
    dirhams.
    dirhams.

    advance of two hundred


    I loaned him two hundred
    2. ancestors, forefathers.
    ...Ai-JIJ ......A--.l;ll 1-xalaf w-s-salaf our
    successors and forefathers.

    ~JrjU slg
    ~

    silag (~yuslug) to boil, cook

    in boiling water. ~;) ~ ..;L


    silag bee(Jteen w-trayyaghum. He
    boiled two eggs and had them for
    breakfast.

    JL.o salg (v.n.) boiling. ~I ..;L salg


    1-bee(J the boiling of eggs.

    J }.-

    saluugi (common var. suluugi)


    p . ..;L salag saluki (Asiatic or African
    breed of a hunting dog similar to the
    greyhound).

    J_,.L....o

    masluug (p.p. from ..;L silag)


    boiled, cooked in water. J _,1..-.. ~
    bee() masluug boiled eggs. J _,L.. ~
    labam masluug boiled meat.
    ~JrjU slk

    I!J.L.o silak (~ yusluk) 1. to behave


    oneself. .:r-j !.1 _,.L.. ~ Lo ma yusluk
    suluuk zeen. He doesn't behave well.
    2. be on good terms, get along with. Lo
    o__r-I...UI J ._:r.,....J;}I l:IJ ~ ma yusluk
    wiyya li-mwa(J(Jajiin ji d-daayra. He is
    not on good terms with the employees
    in the department. l:IJ .:r-j ~ L..
    ~...UIJ
    ma yusluk zeen wiyya
    waaldeena. He's not getting along
    well with his parents.

    I!JL.., sa/lak II 1. sallak = .!.lL silak.


    ~}I 41J J-j ol........i.i ~ ysallik nafsa

    zeen wiyya li-mwa9(Jajiin. He is on


    good terms with the employees. 2. to

    unclog sewers or drains. H ~~J l.:.:>~)WI ~ yibna waabid feetir


    ysallik 1-baa/uuca. We brought a
    certain pipe fitter to unclog the sewer.
    J~l t$.J~ ~ ~ p~ o..;,jii daxtar
    hini ysallik majaari 1-bool. There's a
    doctor here who opens clogged
    urethra.

    l!.l.L,..... silk p. !.\')1..--i 'aslaak 1. wire())


    waayir p. -aat is more common. See
    also under .Jc.S.J wyr). 2. (only s.)
    corps. ~L.. ~...UI .II
    II s-si/k
    d-diblomaasi the diplomatic corps.
    ~~ ~ silk t-tacfiim the teaching
    profession.

    .j.L~ /aa-silki wireless.


    ~ _,.l.u suluuk behavior, manners.~

    !.1 _,.1--JI basan s-suluuk of good


    behavior. !.1 _,Lll ~ ~4--=- sahaadat
    busun suluuk certificate of good
    behavior.

    ..!.LL-..o maslak p. ..:.LlL-.. masaalik


    passage, course. J _r.ll ..:.LlL.... masaa/ik
    l-bool the urinary passages (anat.).

    4l..J

    tasliik (v.n. from II .;Jl.., sallak)


    unclogging, clearing. c-)l_r.ll .:.t.,L
    tasliik 1-buwaaliic the unclogging of
    sewers.

    cl.L.-o msallik p. -iin one who unclogs.


    t-=ll_r.ll ..:.1J..._..... msallik 1-buwaafic one
    who unclogs sewers. J_r.ll t?.J~ .;..lL..
    msallik majaari l-bool one (a doctor)
    whose specialization is to open
    clogged urinary passages or urethra.

    J J (jU

    sll

    j.l.-J

    tsalla/ V to infiltrate, enter. ~

    Jl..r-1 ,y ...::...I.JL.o )'I Jl J ~

    ...r''U fii naas

    325

    yitsallaluun 'ila 1-'imaaraat min


    'iiraan. There are people who infiltrate
    to the U.A.E. from Iran.

    J--il

    nsall VII to catch tuberculosis,


    become consumptive. Jl.S' 0:-J j--.;1
    ~ nsall teen caan ~agiir. He got
    tuberculosis when he was young.
    J:-..1 stall VIII to draw, unsheath.
    J _,_.._.,a.; f..J ~.r-----" J ~ L_jl:.JI
    f-cayyaala
    yistalluun
    syuuffum
    w-yargi~uun. Male dancers draw their
    swords and dance.
    ~ sill tuberculosis, consumption.

    a.., salta p. j')L..... slaal, -aat basket.


    d.L..JI ;; _?" kurat s-salla basketball. a...
    0~1 sal/at 1-muhmalaat waste

    basket.

    a.L...o masalla p. -aat

    1. obelisk. 2.

    large needle.

    J.L-.;

    tasallul (v.n. from V JL..--;


    tasallal) infiltration.

    J_,.l...-o masluul 1. drawn, unsheathed


    (sword). 2. infected with tuberculosis.
    3. person having tuberculosis.
    I' J '-"" slm
    ~ silim (~ yislam) 1. to be safe,

    secure, unharmed. ~ ~~

    J..-.a->-

    w_., 1iJ ...LJ-1 f:ta~al dacma laakin


    l-f:tamdu li-!laah slimna. There was a
    car accident, but we were all safe,
    thanks to God. 2. (with .:..;----min) to
    escape from, get away from. if L...L
    0 _,...11 slimna min !-moot. We escaped
    death. _)aj-.1 .:..;---- ~ silim min 1-xa{ar.
    He escaped from danger. 3. (with if
    min) to pass, get by . .:_r-o ~if"! }
    c} ~ 0L.S' ,..;...Wl:!)i lao bass yislam

    min r-riyaa9iyyaat, caan yitraffac. If


    he only passes mathematics, he will be
    promoted. ..;...)11_;.... if ~ ~~.J ...;I _?.:,
    ._,...J..Lll fakkar 'inna raayi/:t yislam min
    su'aalaat 1-mudarris. He thought that
    he was going to get by without
    answering the teacher's questions.
    ~ sal/am II 1. (with J>:- cala) to
    greet, salute s.o. ~ ~ J L..:,. ya
    w-sallam cafeena. He came and
    Lo J _r marr w-ma
    greeted us. \.:#
    sal/am cateena. He passed by and
    didn't say hello to us. !.l yi J>:-

    r-L

    r-L

    ..b.._;LI

    l) sa/lim cata 'uxuuk fi 1-xat{.

    Send my regards to your brother in the


    l,etter. _?~ )L..i .~~i ~
    Ai!IL:.il yiit 'asallim cateekum. 'asaafir
    baaCir nsaa{{a. I came to say good-bye
    to you. I am leaving tomorrow, God
    willing. 2. to protect from harm, keep
    safe. ~ 1iJ1 'a! fa ysallimk (reply to
    ;;....)L....JI C-" mac s-salaama or 0-.$'
    ~ ~L>- ceef f:taalak?) God protect you .
    .JoJ~I ~ ~ JL...S' ~ .11
    0 J~ J a!!a sallamni. caan ti/:tt cata
    l-'ar9 w-tcawwart. God saved me. I
    would have fallen to the ground and
    got hurt. ~ . "-.i\..i:. ~ \ ~ 1iJ1
    ...L.>-IJ J.S ~L..! 'a!!a ysallma; lif:tyatin
    gaanma. yf:tibb ysaacid kill waaf:tid.
    God bless him; he's a real nice guy.
    He likes to help everyone. 3. to turn
    over, hand over, surrender. J5' ..:-.L
    r-..lll Jl _r-)...A:JI sal/amt kill t-tagaariir
    'ila 1-mudiir. I turned all the reports
    over to the manager. L:-.L... ._,..J..Lll
    ;;~..1),.1 ~I 1-mudarris sallamna
    1-kutub 1-yidiida. The teacher handed
    the new books over to us. !1iJ .:.\ _ri ~
    sa/lim 'amrak li-llaah! Surrender your

    326

    fate to God! Resign yourself to the


    v.ill of God. ;,1, _r.ll ........a.;
    sal/am
    nafsa 1-s-sir{a. He gave himself up to
    the police. 4. to deliver, hand over,

    rL

    Jl'

    -rL

    give s.th. to s.o. ,y l>..kl-1


    ~,S..U) sa/lamni 1-xa!{ illi ya min w/idi.
    He delivered to me the letter that came
    from my son.
    .r JiiJ ~ ..:;., _ri
    ( L...._:Al! 'ajjart sigga w-1-mu'ajjir
    1-miftaab. I rented an
    sallamni
    apartment and the landlord gave me
    sa/lamni
    the key. -.,) J_;...-!.1
    1-mas'uu/iyya. He gave me the
    responsibility. 5. to surrender, laky
    down one's arms. I_,...L ~,SJ.:.>.. ~
    ~4-JI ~ xamsiin jindi sa/lamaw ji
    n-nihaaya. Fifty soldiers surrendered
    at the end.

    -rL

    .rL

    ~~ 'as/am IV to become a Muslim,


    embrace Islam. ..l:>-w '~ ~ bl
    !l.r.-f- 'ioa tabi tislim, mahQad yijbirk
    If you want to become a Muslim, no
    one forces you.
    ~ tsal/am V 1. to receive, obtain,
    get. ...,--- i 1$ y. i ,y .b:. .::.-L; tsal/amt
    xat! min 'ubuuy 'ams. I received a
    Jetter from my father yesterday. 2. to
    take over, take possession of . ~
    JA..:JI o).)! tsal/am 'idaarat s-sugul. He
    took over the work management.
    ~ <L..:..oo ..:..-....L..; su tsal/amt minna? What
    did you take over from him?

    ~I stilam VIII

    = ~ tsal/am V.

    ~I staslam X to sub~it, yield,


    give in . .U ,- .1 .\) ~\ 'agnacni

    w-staslamt-la. He convinced me and I


    gave in to him.
    ~

    silmi peaceful. ~ o_,..l.J.i..

    mu(Jaahara silmiyya peaceful demonstration.

    fi.-

    salaam

    1. peace, peacefulness.
    ~ L..JI ~ (Y.-" ~ L... rna fii salaam ji
    t-caalam. There's no peace in the
    world. JWI ~')UI s-salaam l<aalami
    world peace. ~L>.- J ~~ Ail\ i')......
    !~j salaam al!a caleehum; rayaayiil
    zeeniin! God's peace on them; they are
    good men! 2. security, safety. i')L.JI
    ~~ 'as-salaamu ca[eekum! i"j.._,
    !~ salaamu caleekum! Peace be
    with you! (standard greeting). 3. (p.
    -aat) greeting, salutation.
    ~
    if-y.___, bica{)t-la salaami. I sent him
    my regards . ...;...>- ~-y.___, ~_roO L. J-..)
    ~ .r-' c:r.:J .1., L...a.ll lees rna (Jirabt salaam
    f:zagg 9-(Jaabi! leen marr? Why didn't
    you give a salute to the officer when
    he passed by? 4. (national) anthem.
    (,fo"J~\ i")L.JI s-salaam 1-jamhuuri
    the national anthem of the republic.
    (,?.r::----~1 i")L.JI s-salaam 1-'amiiri the
    national anthem of an emirate. i')L.JI
    ~I s-salaam 1-malaki the royal
    national anthem.

    4,..-:J-.,; salaama

    1. safety, security.

    .._.")l_....j\ ~ ~..L...:ll 1-f:zamdilla cafa


    s-salaama! Welcome back! Thank
    goodness you are all right! .._.')\...jl t:
    mac s-salaama. Good-bye (response:
    !~ ~I affa ysallimk! or ..!..W......
    1~1 sallamk al!a!) 2. well-being,
    welfare. .:J..:..')l.... salaamatk! (said in
    response to a question, such as, Do
    you need anything?) Thanks for
    asking. I don't need anything. (also
    said to a person wishing him a speedy
    recovery). 3. soundness, flawlessness.

    327

    t L...

    raaci n-ni~iifa saalim. Cut your


    losses and run. Half a loaf is better
    than none. 2. safe and sound. (prov.)
    JW) ~ (.J.J ruuf:z bciid w-tacaa/
    saalim. Don't meddle in people's
    affairs. Keep your nose clean. (lit.,
    "Keep away (from meddling) and
    come back safe and sound.").

    ~~ :V')L...

    salaamat ~-~i/:tl:ta good,


    sound health. L.,:.:.ll :V')L..... salaamat
    n-niyya good faith, sincerity. ':1
    ~ :v~ U~ .o..L...-1_; Ia twaaxoa.
    gaalha b-salaamat niyya. Don't blame
    him. He said it in good faith. rj':l
    ..:...I.J..L..>..il ,y ..l.WI :V')L.. ,y 6 laazim
    nit'akkad min salaamat 1-ba/ad min
    1-muxaddaraat. He must make sure
    that the country is free of drugs.
    ~ sa/iim 1. safe, secure. ~ JL..i
    'amaakin sa/iima safe places.
    2.
    sound, unhurt, undamaged. (prov.)
    r+----JI ~I tJ ~I j-WI [-cag/
    s-saliim fi l-jism s-saliim. (lit., "A
    sound mind is in a sound body.").
    ~~
    bi(Jaaca saliima
    undamaged goods.
    3. faultless,
    flawless. ~ J )~ ooog saliim good
    taste. yl ~ saliim n-niyya sincere,
    good-natured.

    ._1

    ~i 'as/am (elat.) 1. (with ,y min)


    safer than, more secure than, etc. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the safest, the most
    secure, etc.
    IJ~ sulaymaan Solomon. 0~

    ~I sulaymaan l-f:zakiim Solomon


    the Wise.

    rl---i

    ~'.>L.Nl 'islaam (v.n. from IV


    'as/am) submission, resignation (to the
    will of God). (;}.___._.'ill- 'islaam Islam,
    the religion of Islam.
    ~')L..,l 'islaami Islamic.

    l?"')L.. 'il LI-..UI

    d-diin 1-'is/aami the Muslim religion.

    l?"')L... 'il ;S)I 1-markaz 1- 'islaami the


    Islamic center.
    ~1-..1 saalim (act. part. from

    1. safe, secure.

    r-L silim)

    (prov.) ~I ~I.J

    t \. . .

    r'-- musaa/im peaceful, peaceable,


    t

    peace-loving.
    l__...... ~
    musaa/im peace-loving nation.
    ~ muslim p. -iin Muslim.

    sacb

    r rl--11

    r-y..____ 'i4 ,y~ ~~ !-muslim huwa IIi


    yaamin b-1-'is/aam. A Muslim is one
    who believes in Islam.
    .J oJ

    uJ V"'

    s/ndr

    JJ..o.L.., si/indar p. -aat cylinder (of a

    motor).

    (j J V"' sly
    ~ tasliya p.

    JL-.i tasaali

    p. -aat

    amusement, entertainment, pastime.

    J ~ ~ V"'

    smbl

    ~ =

    sunbula.

    See under

    J ":' uU" snbl.


    ~f"V"' smc

    ~ simac (coli.) fish. s. ~ smica,

    simca. ~L.>.- .J Ll"JJ-' Lc_b ..!1.-ll J r


    ~.r- J suug s-simac daayman matruus
    rayaayiil w-f:zariim. The fish market is
    always full of men and women. (p.
    ~L.c->i 'asmaak). l:)L.-:.11 ~~ ~u:A ,y
    0l-..:!)J .JyUIJ min 'asmaak 1-xa/iij
    ~-$aafi
    w-1-haamuur w-r-ribyaan.
    Among the fishes of the Gulf are
    rabbitfish, groupers, and shrimp.
    ~ ~ ~~ .J-'b JI..LJ-1 1-f:zaddaag

    328
    0 ~ )~

    huwa IIi Y$iid simac. A fishennan is

    tolerance.

    one who catches fish.

    0y.~ ..:_r--:!~J

    i5...lf' smica (less common var. simca) a


    fish.
    (prov.) ._.---). ~\.;L.I ~~
    4-lS' .:...L--ll li-simca 1-xaaysa txayyis
    s-simac Ieiiia. A rotten apple spoils the
    barrel. (lit., "A rotten fish spoils all the
    fish."').

    !1\...c" sammaac p.

    ~u--

    These are children: they fight with


    each other and later on they forgive
    each other.

    c._l...c" samaa}J (v.n. from~ simab)

    l.
    pardon, tolerance. L..;i
    CL-JI ..!J.;.... ._..J1iJ ..:....Jv:.i 'aana 'ax{eet
    w-'atlub minnak s-samaa/:1. I have
    made a mistake, and I ask you for
    forgiveness.
    2. pennission. C L.......li
    forgiveness,

    simaamiic

    fishennan. ~L. ._:r-..l>.-IJ ~l&-' ~~__.,.

    hal}Jiin simaamiic waaydiin maaku.


    Now there aren't many fishennen.

    C ,. I.)M

    oJ~)~

    sm}J

    (~

    yismab) to pennit,

    allow. grant pennission. J~i

    b-z-ziyaara

    ~I.e" samaa}Ja as in, e.g., ~~ b-l.c"

    J ~~

    samaa}Jat /-mufti His Eminence the

    .r-- J L._,. J ..!.L! .!.LJ

    'isma/:1-fi
    'agul-lak 'innak rayyaal muub zeen.

    Allow me to tell you that you are not a


    good man. J_,..-...U~ W ~ \... ma sima/:!
    lana b-d-duxuu/. He didn't allow us to
    enter. !~I~ 'Y Ia sima!) a{{aa! God
    forbid! ~.) ...r. ~I 'isma/:1-li bass
    digiiga. Excuse me for just a minute.
    ~ ~ ..!.Ll J _,..;i J ~ ~ mumkin
    tisma}J-li 'agu/-lak S:ayy? Will you
    please pennit me to say something to
    you? ~i ~~ 'isma/:1-li 'abteet.
    Pardon me. I came late. oJ'-:1)~ W ~
    simab l-ana b-z-ziyaara. He gave us
    permission to visit.

    Mufti.

    c.__,_.- masmuu}J (p.p. from


    simab)

    not

    V to forgive or

    pardon each other, practice mutual

    pennissible,

    <J

    <J

    0 _,15""U Cr--' y J-"

    t.JL.-:;.]1 muub masmuu}J

    taakluun fi s-saaric fi rum(Jaan. You


    are not allowed to eat in the street
    during Ramadan.
    oJ

    ,.I.JM

    smd

    J....l:t sammad

    II to fertilize, manure.
    ~ J~ LJ:!~ J , fJ f..j1 0 y fi y}Jar(Juun
    1- 'ar(J w-bacdeen ysammduunha. They
    till the land and then they fertilize it.

    saama}J III to forgive, pardon.


    ii~ .r'-1 .;u !~L... saami}_zni! haaoi
    'aaxir marra. Forgive me! This is the
    last time. o_rL.. ...r. ('"i-" ).t J~ baag
    fluussum bass saam}Joo. He stole their
    tsaama}_z

    allowed.

    0L....;a.. J

    ~L...

    money, but they forgave him.

    permitted,

    allowed. c.r---- . .,. ..Y ~ ~\ 1-masi


    hini muub masmuu/:1. Walking here is

    ~L....J

    s-samaa/:1

    pennission to visit.

    sima}J

    ,:.:--l j ._,...

    :JL....f.>.- ~.i.A

    haoeel yihhaa/:
    yithaawsuun w-bacdeen yissaam}Juun.

    .)~

    1. manure, dung. 2.
    fertilizer.
    ~ JL.........? .)L...c-' samaad
    kiimaawi chemical fertilizer.
    .J

    ,.I.JM

    samaad

    smr

    ~I

    smarr

    ~~

    .:.r-

    IX to tum brown. ..;... _rl


    smarrat min s-sams. She

    329
    had a tan from the sun. ~ 0 J~
    r-A..ll.,. 0 )~ j>:- 'Y ~I yigicduun
    fi s-sams lajil yisammruun jilidhum.
    They sit in the sun so their skin will
    tan.
    J~ samaar brownness, brown color.

    .,r-C"i 'asmar p. ~ sumur,

    .:r-r

    sumuriin
    dark-skinned,
    brownskinned. f. l_,....c-" samra.
    y ..rJI ~
    muc(Jam 1-carab sumur. Most Arabs
    are brown-skinned. ~ <...J-! ~ ....:... ..r
    l;zurumta bee(Ja bass binta samra.
    His wife is white but his daughter is
    brunette.

    .r

    'r

    fl'~fl'~

    ~
    tfl'~

    smsm
    simsim (coli.) sesame.

    smc

    simac (~ yismac) 1. to hear.


    '~ 1
    @-.~
    simacthum
    yitkallamuun. I heard them talking.
    ~J~\11 ~ simact 1-'axbaar? Have
    you heard the news? ~ ~I .y ...::..su::"
    ~ 0...LJ simact min 'ibnak fi landan?
    Have you heard from your son in
    London? 2. to listen, pay attention,
    take heed. ~~ J'"""'! ..:,_;i 'inta bass
    ismacni. You just listen to me. !~I
    ~ y y o..r.b J. 'ismac! nil;zin daayra
    muub bank. Listen! We are a
    department, not a bank. oy.i i').S' ~
    yismac kalaam 'ubuu. He heeds his
    father's words. He does what his
    father wants.
    0J

    sammac II I. to make hear, cause


    to hear. ~J4' ~ sammicna $OOtak.
    Let's hear your voice. 4.,;:- J\j:.i ~
    sammacna 'agaani carabiyya. He

    played Arabic songs to us. 2. to recite.


    0I ,rAJ I .:r- ~ I..:....J:-' sammicna sayy min
    l-gur'aan. Recite to us something from
    the Quran. 3. to say (one's lessons).
    ~ )J:::. ~ JL...U tacaali sammci
    druusic. Come say your lessons.
    ~

    tsammac V to eavesdrop, listen


    in on s.th. yWI IJJ .:.r- ~I ~
    yitsammac 1-l;zaCi min wara 1-baab.
    He's eavesdropping from behind the
    door.
    ~I nsimac

    VII to be heard.~
    yihCi b-swees;
    soota rna yinsimic. He doesn't talk
    loud; his voice cannot be heard.

    ~ Lo

    4._j y-P

    \r~-~

    ~I stimac VIII (with

    J /-) to listen

    closely to, lend one's ear to s.o. or s.th.


    ~)I ylkJ., I..:......:;... I stimacna la-xi{aab
    r-ra'iis. We listened closely to the
    president's speech.
    ~

    sumca reputation, name, standing.


    t.r--=JI .L..;.&. ~j ~ sumcata zeena
    cind s-syuux. He has a good reputation
    among the Shaikhs.

    t. L.....:-'

    samaac (v.n. from ~ simac)


    hearing, listening. J~ \11 t\..c-' samaac
    1-'axbaar hearing the news.

    ~I s-samW the All-hearing (one of


    the epithets of God). ~I ~I 11
    'a!!aah s-samW [-ca[
    God, the Allhearing, the Omniscient.
    4..s.~ sammaaca p. -aat 1. earphone,
    headset. 2. (telephone) receiver. 3.
    hearing aid.
    ~t..,., saamic (act. part. from~ simac)

    I. having heard s.th. JY=- \11 ~L.. lj\


    'aana saamic l- 'axbaar. I have heard

    330
    the news. ~o-4..cl,.l ~)11 t"L... ...:...;i 'inta
    saamic 1-'ugniyya 1-yidiida? Have you
    heard the new song? 2. having paid
    attention to s.o. or s.th., having heeded
    (someone's words or advice, etc.).
    ~":} ':J\J ~";}.) t"L.. ..;._ji 'inta saamic
    kalaami walla Ia? Have you paid
    attention to what I have said or not?
    (._,_...... masmuuc (p.p. from C: simac)
    1. audible. t_,...._... y _r ...:., _,.....!1 $-$001
    muub masmuuc. The voice is not
    audible. 2. paid attention to. ~
    ~ _,...._.... cilmita masmuuca. His word
    carries weight. His word is law.
    ~

    mustamic (act. part. from VIII


    ~I stimac) p. -iin 1. hearer, listener.
    ~I 1-mustamiciin the audience.
    2. auditor (in a class).

    'f" f" ljM


    ~I

    smm
    'asim, etc., see under I.S t' V"" smy.

    f" f" ljM smm

    r-"

    samm (r---' ysimm) 1. to poison


    s.o. or s.th . ...:.,\... J
    sammoo w-maat.
    They poisoned him and he died. 2. to
    poison s.th., put poison in s.th. 1_,.-c-'
    jS)il sammaw 1-'akil. They poisoned
    the food.

    or

    ~ tsammam V to be poisoned.

    bl

    ~ ~~ 1..0. ._,., ~ 'ioa tisrab

    haaoa 1-/:taliib titsammam. If you drink


    this milk, you will be poisoned.

    r-" samm p. r.r smuum

    1. poison. 2.

    venom.
    ~L...o saamm (act. part. from

    r-" samm)
    2. venomous. iL... y\..)
    daabb saamm, iL... ?
    f:tanas saamm
    venomous, poisonous snake.
    1. poisonous.

    ~_,_...... masmuum (p.p. from r-" samm)


    poisoned, containing poison.

    uf"lj'J

    smn

    ~ simman (coli.) quail. s. -a ~


    ~ .:r--JI laf:tam s-simman (ayyib.

    Quail meat is delicious.

    .J f" ljM smw


    1..1:" sama p . ..:.,\Jl..<:-' -waat heaven, sky.

    e7UI L.......JI l)Ji s-sama s-saabic in the


    seventh heaven. ..:.,IJL....c-' t:-" sabic
    samaawaat seven heavens.

    t.?Ji..J::' samaawi 1. heavenly, celestial.


    2. bluish, sky-blue. lf Jl..<:-' ~ ~_r-.;.1
    stareet gamii$ samaawi. I bought a
    sky-blue skirt.

    ~ sumuww (invar.) as in ~~\

    sumuww 1-'amiir His Highness the


    Prince. ~I _r---ll 1..:-"'"L....,.::. $aaf:tib
    s-sumuww
    l-malaki
    His Royal
    Highness.

    l.j f" ljM smy


    ~ samma II 1. to name, designate,
    call. ~~ y .~ L. l?~ ~I Lt.
    has-sayy cumri rna cifta. su ts~mii? I
    have never seen this thing. What do
    you call it? 2. to give a name to, call,
    name. ~ o~ J .JJ J li\..>.. yaana walad
    w-sammeenaa mf:tammad. We had a
    boy and we named him Muhammad.
    oy.i rl., 0~ sammoo b-'asim 'ubuu.
    They named him after his father. They
    gave him his f~ther's name. 3. to say,
    ~ )l.:_rr)I .ill\~ "b-ism illaahi
    r-rabmaan r-rabiim" in the name of
    God, the Merciful, the Compassionate.
    ~ i j':J JS"l_j L.. ~ gabil-ma taaldl
    laazim tsammi. Before you eat, you

    331
    have to say grace (by saying, .i;,,
    "b-ism illaahi... ").

    ..J ~ f" ~

    r-"~ ~

    ...u _,ll 1-wa/ad tsamma

    b-'asim yadda. The boy was name


    after his grandfather.
    ~I 'asim p. ifL...i 'asaami 1. name.

    t L.... ~I

    'asmi saalim. My name is


    Salim. Y~l _r:;, su smak? What's
    your name? ~ ~'l'~ b-l-'as!m bass
    nominally, in name only. .ill\~
    b-ism illaah in the name of God.
    ..!..l..c:-'~ J~l l) ..:... j--->.<>- l:zijazt fi
    l-fundug b-ismak. I made a reservation
    at the hotel in your name. ~...Ui ~ j'l'
    UT ~4 y y '..r.j)\ ~~~I laazim
    tgaddim f-talab b-ism 1-waziir, muub
    b-ismi 'aana. You have to address the
    application to the minister, not to me.
    2. reputation, standing, prestige . .J L.
    ~JW\ U jJI l) LJ-:!j r--' ma-la 'asim
    zeen fi l-gurfa t-tijaariyya. He doesn't
    have a good reputation in the chamber
    of commerce.

    ul,j'J I ul,j'J

    snaasn

    ~Lo..,.,

    sanaasiin (coll.) okra. L..... ~


    _,....JI L.ilyl 0:-J ~UI w f
    ni/:tin rna cirafna s-sinaasiin leen
    'ixwaanna f-carab yaw. We had not
    known okra before our Arab brothers
    came.
    \)~ y

    J ~ ul,j'J

    snbl

    44:.- sunbula p. JL.. sanaabil ear (of


    grain).
    ..J ~

    l,j'J

    sntrl

    Jl? santraal telephone exchange.

    sntmtr

    ~
    ~L...

    ,_r--J tsamma V to be named, called.


    o..W,.

    ul,j'J

    ~u l,j'J

    snj

    cu l,j'J

    santimitir (less common var.


    saanti) p. -aat centimeter.

    sinja p. -aat, sinaj bayonet.

    snb

    ~ sinal:z (~ yisnal:z) to present


    itself, offer itself (to s.o., esp. an
    opportunity). .r----i ,4....-p _,All J ~ 1~1
    6...1Jjl ~ 'ioa tisnal:z-li l-jur$a, 'amurr
    cafeek !-lee/a. If I have the opportunity, I will stop by at your place
    tonight.

    'u
    .J

    l,j'J

    snd

    .L:....-... sinad (~ yisnid) to support,


    provide support for, prop up . .Y L. 1~1
    .;.U ~ ..t>-L. d~ ..t>-IJ 'ioa mafii
    wal:zid yisnidak, mal:zl:zad yismac-fak. If
    there is nobody to support you, no one
    is going to listen to you. ~ J...Ui
    ~ ..r.L:ll tigdar tisnid t-taayir b-l:ziyar.
    You can prop up the tire with a rock.

    stinad VIII 1. lean, recline.


    o..WI ~ ..l;:....,\ stinad Ca/a li-mxadda.
    He leaned on the pillow. 2. to be
    based, founded, supported. ...,-...! \~
    .Ju .r. ~ ~ L..... ~ haaoa bass
    l:zaCi rna yistinid cafa burhaan. This is
    mere talk that is not based on proof. 3.
    (with ~ ca/a) to rest one's case, have
    as evidence, use as a basis . ...L;:_j ~ j'l'
    ;) ~\ jl~i ~ 'JG ~ ~ laazim
    tistinid ca[a sayy (}aani, geer 'agwaal
    s-suhuud. You have to have something
    else as evidence, not only the
    testimony of the witnesses.
    ...L;:;..,...,\

    332
    ~ sanad p. -aat 1. support, prop. 2.
    legal instrument, deed, document.

    masnad p.

    J.:......,....l

    ..liL-.,.

    masaanid

    cushion, pillow.
    y

    U<J"'

    snd

    .l.:.-Ji s-sind Sind (province ofWest


    Pakistan).
    ~~

    sindi p. o_,.)\.;...... sanaadwa 1.


    Sindhi. 2. the Indic language of Sind.

    .J J

    u'-""

    sndr

    ;...\.:.......~ sandar (;~ ysandir) to irri!ate


    or bother s.o. .;WJ:. o~ J ;..l;.... .iii I_,
    waffaahi sandarni b-kaOrat talabaata.
    By God, he irritated me with his many
    requests.

    uJ u'-""

    sndn
    sindaan p.

    .:ll.lo......ot

    ..:r-.)\.;......

    sinaadiin

    anvil.

    uu'-""

    snn

    tJ-1 sann (~ ysinn) 1. to sharpen,


    whet. r+--_, ~\.S::.._j1 .L.>.i 'ixio
    s-szcaacun w-sinnhum.
    Take the
    knives and have them sharpened. 2. to
    enact, introduce, pass. ~...\>.- ..:.> jl.i 1_,:..J.)L....:.Al\ :; ~\ y ~ ~ sannaw
    gaanuun yidiid yimnac sirb l-xamir fi
    l-fanaadig. They passed a new law
    that prohibits drinking liquor in hotels.

    .:.1-' sannan II 1. to pray the prayer of


    sunna, which is optional before
    and/or after the prayer of .):>} farp,
    which is obligatory. 2. to grow teeth,
    teethe. 4:..-,.. J-.i .:.;--- j.o>U..I 1-yaahi/
    sannan gabil sana. The child teethed a
    year ago.
    6..:...,...

    ,:r sann (v.n.) enactment, issuance (of

    JM .J J u'-""

    sndws

    ..?-J~

    sandawiis p. -aat sandwich.

    laws) ~I _,All .:r- sann 1-gawaaniin the


    passing of laws .

    ~ ~-'.J..:.-. ~ kaleet sandawiis

    ,J-1 sinn p. :.J .r- snuun,

    bee{J. I ate an egg sandwich.

    1. tooth. ~ ;,.U .J.f---" snuuni


    tcawwirni.
    teeth ~che . .:.>L:....i ~
    tabiib 'asnaan dentist. .JL;...... \11 ~
    lr" ~ tabiib 1-'asnaan Ci/ac sinni.
    The dentist pulled my tooth out. 2.
    tooth (of a comb, a saw blade, of a
    gear wheel, etc.) 3. age.~~~ cam
    sinnak? How old are you? ...\...!.)I .:..rbilag sinn r-rusd. He has attained
    puberty. He came of age. u-JI ~
    Cibiir s-siin old.

    u.J . u'-""

    ..::...Lil_,k.;-..

    t"'!)

    -aat

    pillar.

    Js- ~u ~\li-msiid

    gaayim cafa 'arbac sin{waanaat. The


    mosque rests on four pillars.

    Uti ~ U'-""

    sngyn

    ~ sangiin strong, dark, concentrated. ~ <:>W. caay sangiin strong


    tea.

    e.

    L.. sunna

    I. customary practice,
    usage sanctioned by tradition. ~~ 4:.....

    u'-"" snm
    ~l.o.....,., sanaam p.

    camel). ~~

    .:.>L:....i 'asnaan

    My

    sn{wn

    4JI~ sin{waana p.

    f'

    l-bacaariin b-sanaameen. There are


    some camels with two humps.

    -aat hump (of a

    .:r-;\..YI ~

    ~ fii bac{J

    sunnat n-nabi the Sunna of the


    Prophet (i.e., his sayings and doings,

    333
    later established as legally binding).
    2. optional (as opposed to .,/) far(J
    religious duty). y Y' ,~ C:!JI.rJI ;;")l.o
    .,/..,...9 ~alaat t-taraawiil} sunna, muub
    far(J. Prayer during the nights of
    Ramadan (after the evening prayer)
    are optional, not obligatory. ~ t.,?h
    4::-Js. ~ \~1 haaoi sunnat n-nabi;
    namsi ca[eeha. This is Prophet
    Muhammad's tradition; we follow it.

    and doesn't go to bed except early in


    the morning. 6..::!j ;; .A-" li .A-" .._,.....i 'ams
    shirna sahra zeena. Last night we had
    a pleasant evening. li...w:. 0 J~ IJ~
    yaw yisharuun cindana. They came to
    our place to have a pleasant evening.
    2. (with ~ ca[a) to guard or look
    after s.o.'s interest. ~ ~ ~
    .U~ yishar ca[a ma~lal}at cyaa/a. He
    attends to his kids' interest.

    ~ sunni p. ~ sunna, -yyiin 1. Sunni


    (belonging to the orthodox sect of
    Islam). 2. a Sunni, a Sunnite.

    a.A-" sahra p. -aat evening gathering,


    evening party. ~JWI ~;;.A-" sahrat
    ciid l-miilaad the Christmas evening
    party. ~j ;; ..r&--" sahra zeena pleasant
    evening gathering.

    musinn old, advanced in years.

    J---0 msannan (p.p. from II

    sannan)

    toothed, indented, jagged .


    .:.r------ ~ sicCiin msannan sharp,
    toothed knife.

    sana pl. siniin year. ~ t.,? ~


    ;;_;__.., cumri xamsiin sana. I am fifty
    years old. -..~ ~ sana hijriyya year
    of the Muslim era, A.H. ~~~ L....
    sana miilaadiyya year of the Christian
    era, A.D. ..b...::...A.ll L.... sana! 1-gaiJ! the
    year of the drought.
    A.;......,

    ~~

    sanawi annual, yearly. o~l:!j


    ziyaada sanawiyya armual
    increment. t.,? .f----" J->-~ daxil sanawi
    annual income.

    ._..f---"

    ~Y--"

    sanawiyyan yearly, every year,


    annually.
    ..;~~ shr

    1)\.A-' sahraan sleepless, awake.


    J~~ shl

    Ji.-'

    sihil (~ yishal) 1. to be or
    become easy, convenient. ~~ 0:-J
    d.JL.J.I ~ ~ Jll U' _,li)l leen difac
    li-fluus illi ca[ee sihlat l-mas'ala.
    When he paid the money he owed, the
    problem became easy. 2. (with~
    cata) to be or become easy for s.o.
    '-~1 ~ ~ ;;_;__.., ~ cugub sana
    sihil cafee s-sugul. In a year's time
    work became easier for him.
    3.
    (imperf. ~ yishil) to purge, relieve
    of constipation. ~ IJ~ d~ p...UI
    ~~ d-daxtar cataani duwa yishil
    l-batin. The doctor gave me medicine
    that purges the bowels .
    ~ sahhal

    II

    to make easier, to

    facilitate. JJ..,JI u .r ~ o1 L:. ~I \.A


    hal- 'isaara tsahhil barakat l-muruur.
    This (traffic) signal makes the flow of

    yishar w-yidris w-ma ynaam 'ilia saact


    ~-~ubb. He stays up at night, studies,

    traffic easier. ~I ~ --4...\J:.I ilk.JI


    ...L:>,.IJ n-ni(Jaam l-yidiid ysahhil s-sugul

    sihir (~yishar) 1. to stay up at


    night, stay awake, go without sleep.
    ~~ ~L__.,

    :Jl r~

    ~_., J

    u-)~)

    334

    waayid. The new system makes work


    a lot easier.

    jAL...J" tsaahal VI to be lenient,


    tol:rant, indulgent. L.. . -4~ ~ l..i..o.
    ..!.>-I 41) ~l.-:: haaoa mucalfim sadiid.
    rna yitsaahal wiyya 'abad. This teacher
    is strict. He is not lenient with anybody. 0 .J-ij ~i L;IJ ~l.-:: L.. JL..WI l..i..o.
    haaoa l-baggaal rna yitsaahal wiyya
    'ayya zibuun. This grocer is not
    obliging to any customer.

    J.6--:..ol stashal

    X to find or consider

    s.th. easy,

    deem s.th. easy. y)\....kJI


    ll:.__.. ~I IJI e
    - .1 {-{ullaab stasha/aw
    1-'as'ila. The students found the
    questions easy. 0~ .~1 ~ '1
    J5"L.:"" .....,.; Ia tistashill-ga9iyya. tara fii
    masaakil. Don't consider the matter
    easy. Mind you, there are problems.
    ~

    sahil easy, not difficult,


    convenient. ~ ._,..J..LJI I~ haaoa
    d-dars sahil. This lesson is easy . ._l.6....
    ~~ ..__; ~ ..!LI sahil 'innak tsuuf
    s-seex. It's easy for you to see the
    Shaikh.

    J+-o sahal p. J J""6--" shuul meadow,


    plain. 4.......)-1 ._,..IJ l) ..L>.-IJ J J"t----' .....,.; fii
    shuul waayid ji raas 1-xeema. There
    are many meadows in Ras Al-Khaima.
    A.! J+-' suhuula (v.n. from ._l.6.... sihil)
    ease, easiness, facility, convenience.

    U.J~ ~~6..1~14-1 ~ J...lZ L..ma


    tigdar
    tiyi
    b-has-suhuula
    lli
    tit,wwwarha. You cannot come as

    c-i

    easily as you think. .JL...:...:... '11 l)


    6..l.Jt-! nijab ji li-mtibaan b-suhuula.

    J+-oi 'ashal (elat.) 1. (with if min)


    easier than. ~b .:.r' ._lt--i ~~ li....o.
    haaoa s-sugul 'ashal min oaak. This
    work is easier than that one. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the easiest, the most convenient. ._,..J:.>
    l..i..o. haaoa 'ashal dars.
    This is the easiest lesson.

    J+.--i

    Jlfo-J 'ishaal diarrhea.

    J+--o

    mushil p. -aat laxative, purga-

    tive.
    ~ ~ IJ"'' shm
    ~L...

    saaham III to have a share, to


    participate, share, take part. J ~l.
    .,:s-1)I ~ J-) ~ saaham; ji bank
    'abu 9abi 1-wa{ani. I had shares in the
    National Bank of Abu Dhabi. ~L....
    ~It:'':- l) L41J saaham wiyyaanaji
    jamc 1-kutub. He participated with us
    in colleciing the books. ....,..~ y ($-"
    jl_,__.i ._,.. )J ~.) _,.........~ ..L>.-1) ~
    ul5" _rl1 hini fii naas ganiyyiin waayid
    ysaahmuun b-muc9am ruus 'amwaal
    s-sarikaat. Here there are very rich
    people who contribute most of the
    capital to the companies.
    ~ sahim p. (""i--"i 'ashim !. share,
    share (of stocks), portion . ..!11 r+" ~
    ~6.5' _rjl l) cam sahim lakfi s-sarika?
    How many shares do you have in the
    company? 2. arrow. 3. dart.
    ~L.....o musaahim (act. part. from III

    rL.....

    saaham)
    stockholder.

    p. -iin shareholder,

    J ~IJ"'' shw

    '-*"' siha (u+-= yisha)

    He passed the examination easily.

    1. to be forgetful, inattentive. L.. J ~ J ~\j J

    ~sheet canopus (star).

    JL....:>

    Jll _,. :;. ~J:.> Cint gaacid w-siheet

    335
    w-ma direet su lli ~aar. I was sitting
    down and I was inattentive and I
    didn't know what was going on.
    <0 ..r.l>- L. J ~ siheet w-ma xaabarta.
    I forgot and didn't call him. 2. (with
    .:..r-s- can) to neglect, forget about,
    overlook. ~ ~ siheet canna. I
    forgot about it.
    ~

    sahha II to cause to forget. ..W


    J.l.r--: <,?I.: I) gicad
    wiyyaay ysoolif w-sahhaani can
    d-diraasa. He sat down to talk with
    me and made me forget about my
    studies.
    ........,I.J..JI .:._r>- J~)

    J+-1 sahu (v.n. from ~ siha)


    I. inattentiveness, absent-mindedness.
    2. negligence, forgetfulness. 3. oversight.
    ~ ,J l,jA'

    sw'

    saa' (>-~ysii') tp act meanly, do


    harm (to s.o.) --~ LcJ~ .._;;.) '-:?.J-'1 L.
    U'L.:.ll ma dri lees daayman ysii'
    lan-naas. I don't know why he always
    acts meanly toward people. ~I .J-'1'
    '--' _ra.:ll ,.L.... huwa IIi saa' t-ta~arruf He
    is the one who misbehaved.~ ,.L....
    saa' fahmi. He misunderstood me.
    LJ!>.-L-ll U...L..... --~ 4.1, _rjl s-sirta tsii'
    mucaamlat 1-masaajiin. The police
    mistreat inmates . ...L>IJ ~ ukJI --~
    ysii' 9-(Jann b-kill waaMd. He has a
    low opinion of everyone.
    ~L...

    ~~

    suu' (v.n. from ,.L.... saa') evil, ill.


    .k.J.-1 >- y suu' !-baM bad luck. WI >- y
    suu' n-niyya evil intention . .k.J.-1 >- _rJ
    1-suu' l-ba99 unfortunately. U.WI ,. y
    suu' 1-mucaamala mistreatment. >- .r--'
    ~~ suu' l-fahim misunderstanding.

    ~ sayyi'a p. -aat sin misdeed,


    offense.

    ~ ,J l,jA' swc

    switch.~ (_rJI
    ;;},,......JI s-siwic l:zagg s-sayyaara the car

    r_J-" siWlC p. -aat


    switch.
    C.JI,jA' swl:z

    h-L...... saal:za p. -aat I. courtyard, open


    square. )..UI 6..:>-L... saal;at d-daar the

    house courtyard. 2. open space, field.


    U _,.,.ll 6..:>-l......- saal;at 1-macraka the
    battlefield, battleground. L... .J..UI o..L....
    saal:zat madrasa school yard. 6..:>-L...
    yl......J~I saa/:zat 1-'afcaab the sports
    field.
    .J ,J l,jA'

    swd

    ~ .J-"

    sawwad II to blacken, make


    black, darken. U'L1 ~I -' .>-" JL>...JI
    d-daxxaan sawwad l-girtaas. The
    smoke made the paper black. "->- J -' r
    J)\..j sawwad weeh flaan to discredit,
    dishonor, shame s.o. !~ J .11 -' r
    sawwad alia weehak! God shame you!
    Damn you! U'UI \I..J...j ~ J .,.>-"
    sawwad weeyhi jiddaam n-naas. He
    made a fool of me in front of the
    people.
    ~_,...I swadd IX to be or become black
    or dark, to turn black or dark. J.,l..,... ....,_;
    "'--!)>)I .:r-- -' ~ fii macaadin tiswadd
    min r-rtuuba. There are metals that
    turn dark from humidity. ~ J.)y l
    swadd weeha. He was disgraced .
    ~~~

    sawaad blackness, darkness. L.


    ma yiyi 'ilia ji
    sawaad !-!eel. He comes only late at
    night.

    pi .)\_,_..... -) )!) ~

    336

    ~_,.....,I 'aswad f. 1.:o y sooda p. :. y suud


    black, dark . ._;..JS':. _,.....i 'aswad killis
    jetblack. <~..-....>. _,ll :. _,.....i 'aswad 1-weeh
    disgraced, dishonored.
    o~_,_....

    sweeda (dim. of l.:o y - sooda)


    black. (f.) (prov.) ~~) o...l,!y sweeda
    w-baayga. Still waters run deep
    (derog.). (lit., "She is black and she
    has stolen.").
    !JI~ _,..JI s-suudaan the Sudan.
    .11~ _,_....

    suudaani

    I. characteristic of

    the Sudan. Jl.:o _,. . . . J_,...; fuul suudaani


    peanuts. 2. a Sudanese . .y Jl:. y .J"'
    ~ _,....b )-1

    huwa suudaani min 1-xartuum.

    He is a Sudanese from Khartoum.


    o~

    .)--"

    miswadda p. -aat rough draft,

    rough sketch.

    ..J.J (.)"' swr


    JIJ--" suwaar (coli.) beams, deck

    beams. s. -a.

    'i..; .J (.)"'

    (Jirsi linna sawwas. The dentist pulled


    my tooth out because it was decayed.
    2. to be or become worm-eaten.

    ._,..r--

    ~I

    1-~atab

    sawwas. The

    wood was decayed.

    ..r>-'

    suus (coli.)

    I. woodwonns,
    2. caterpillars. s. -a. ._,.._,_ll
    ~I j) s-suus ka/1-~atab. Tennites
    have eaten the wood.
    termites.

    I)(.)"' .J (.)"' swsn


    .:r">-" sawsan lily of the valley.
    ~.J(.)M swg

    J L....o saag ( J y-:. ysuug) I. to drive,


    operate (a vehicle). IJJ~ o}.,...JI J_,......:
    ~

    ysuug s-sayyaara b-duun biima.

    He drives the car without insurance.

    t..? J_,J J y-:. ._j ~ Lo rna ycarfysuug


    loori. He doesn't know how to drive a
    truck. 2. to force to go . .UL.. Jo _rll
    ~ s-sirti saaga lil-ma6kama.
    The policeman brought him to court.

    swry

    suuriyya Syria . .:.r ~) ~J.r'


    IJ:. }11 suuriyya gariiba min 1-'ardun.

    4J_,_....

    J_J-J tsawwag V

    to go shopping.

    :;._.,..y. J __......;i 'atsawwag yawmiyya. I go


    shopping every day.

    Syria is close to Jordan.

    '-f ).J--" suuri I. characteristic of Syria.


    t..? J_,..... J.-->. jibin suuri Syrian cheese.
    '-:J_,_...., 0 _,...b- ~alwa suuriyya Syrian
    sweets. 2. a Syrian. ~ .y '-:Jr .../'
    hiya suuriyya min ~alab. She is Syrian
    from Aleppo.

    I,)J<<.J I,)J<' sws

    ..rJ-"

    sawwas

    II

    I. to decay, rot,

    cause to decay (esp. the teeth). 0 }.J-1


    IJ _r-ll

    ._,._y-J 1-~alwa tsawwis li-snuun.

    Sweets decay teeth. ~ IJ _,.;-)1 p-:.


    ._,._,....... G"}

    -r' ~ daxtar li-snuun Cilac

    JL.....il nsaag VII to be carried away.


    ~IY" JL......il nsaag b-cawaaifa. He
    was carried away by his emotions.

    J>-' suug p. Jl_,_....,i 'aswaag 1.


    marketplace, bazaar. J _,......JI ..:...>- J ri~t
    s-suug. I went to the marketplace.
    ;; _r-=1-.1 J _,_...JI s-suug 1-~urra the free
    market. 1.:o _,......JI J _,......JI s-suug s-sooda
    the black market. ~I J _,....... suug
    s-simac the fish market.

    4.iiJ-" swaaga (v.n. from JL. saag)


    (less common var. o\_,..-.. syaaga)
    driving. IJ jli .y- -41j Jll IJ y;. ;;J.:,.JI

    337
    :UI_,_ll n-najda yzixxuun illi zaayid can
    gaanuun s-swaaga. The police squad
    catch the speeding motorist.

    JI._J--J taswiig marketing, sale (of


    merchandise). ~~ cG L.>:-L,a..ll
    1-bi{Jaaca
    tif:ttaay
    taswiig.
    merchandise needs marketing.

    The

    J!.L..o saayig (common var. Ji.r-sawwaag) p. -iin, Jl.r--- suwwaag I.


    driver.
    2. chauffeur. 3. driver (of
    animals). ~I J,!L.. saayig 1-ganam.
    He's driving the sheep and goats.
    d,J~ swk

    !l.J-" sawwak II to brush the teeth


    with a chewed twig. l.l ~~ lf'\.j ....,.;
    o~l ~ J J-,; ~ _y...-- fii naas
    ysawwkuun snuunhum gabil w-cugb
    :j-:jalaa. There are people who brush
    their teeth before and after prayer.
    !liJ-"-'" miswaak p. ~JL... masaawiik
    small chewed stick or twig used for
    brushing and cleaning teeth, esp.
    before and after prayer.
    JJ,J~ swlf

    ...Al .J-" soolaf (.__;J.J"""'"'i. ysoolif) to chat,


    chatter, carry on idle conversation. ~
    ~L..., o..Lo .__;J.)--!. J-1) ~ gicad
    yammi w-{Jall ysoolif muddat saacteen.
    He sat by me and kept on chatting for
    two hours . .__;J.r-- 1JJ1~ ya!!a sao! if.
    Come on, talk.
    WL..... saalfa p . .__;JI_,...... suwaalifstory,
    tale, anecdote. 0 _,..a.J ~ ..:.r.~G (..}""""-!
    .__;JI_,_........, bass gaacdin ysoolfuun
    suwaalif. They are just telling old
    stories. d.AJL.. c::.. JL.o ;;JL..Ji l-mas'ala
    $aarat saalfa. It took a long time.

    o~ .__;JI.r-- suwaalif mkassara bad


    deeds, such as drinking liquor, chasing
    women, etc. 4.A.!L-.II ~ caleek
    s-saalfa. You are at fault. You are
    wrong.
    f'",J~

    swm

    ~L.....

    saam (r .J"""'"'i. ysuum) to ask for the


    price of s.th. J _,_ll .J .kL..kll .Jt.......i rl....
    saam 'ascaar t-tamaat ji s-suug. He
    asked for the price of tomatoes in the
    marketplace.
    ~JL..... saawam III to haggle, bargain
    with s.o. rJL..; ':} -~ )..)..$. _,......_!1 s-sicir
    maf:tduud. Ia tsaawim. The price is
    fixed. Don't haggle. ~ ..y JL..; ':}
    uL,a..ll U. ./'-"' Ia tsaawimni -cala sicir
    hal-bi{Jaaca. Don't bargain with me
    over the price of this merchandise.

    :i..oJL-..o msaawama (v.n. from III rJL...


    saawam) haggling, bargaining.
    'i.J~

    swy

    ..S~ yiswa (no perfect form) to be


    worth, equal to. ~o.Jl,-11 ~~ ..s_,....; rS'
    cam tiswa haaoi s-sayyaara? How
    much is this car worth? ~ ..s_,....; L..
    rna tiswa sayy. It's not worth anything.

    II 1. to do, perform,
    commit. ~ .!.lb ~.r-- _,.....::, su sawweet
    hnaak? What did you do there? ~
    ~......,.; ~~ c:'.J
    .bl-1 tabi l-xatt.-su
    raayih tsawwifii? You want the letter.
    What are you going to do with it?
    ~ ...J IJ.r-- J ~I oJ.i..,:. xaooo
    l-mustasfa w-sawwoo-la camaliyya .
    They took him to the hospital and
    performed an operation on him. 1_,.,.,.......,
    d.A.l~ ..Sr ..:,'j c:r--J.ll....:... sbabaw minna

    ..S.J-" sawwa

    338
    1-/eesan linna sawwa muxaa/afa. They
    withdrew his (driving) license because
    he committed a violation. (prov.)
    ..:..o _,:-IJ \..I_,.... sawwaaha w-stawat. It's
    too late. Don't cry over spilled milk.
    (lit., "He has done it and it's done.").
    2. to make, produce, manufacture.
    L:.....-.;\.:....IJ ~ \..;!_,...... sawweena casa
    w-staanasna. We made dinner and had
    a good time. ~ c.S _,...... sawwa gal{a.
    He made a mistake. ,:s-- ~L..,.a.. ~
    ~~ .y ~i c;rJ.fii "ma~aanic hini
    tsawwi 'asya min blaastiik. There are
    factories here that manufacture things
    made ofplastic. (prov.) ~I .y l.$.r-!.___,; ysawwi min 1-/:labba gubba. He
    makes a mountain out of a molehill.
    (lit., "He makes a dome out of a
    grain."). ~ill>\..;!_,...... sawweena
    /:laflat casa. We had a dinner party.
    c.SJL.... saawa III I. to equal, be equal
    to, be equivalent to. ~ !) ~
    .:f..~ J ~ c; Jl.....:! xamsa fi xamsa
    yswaawi xamsa w-cisriin. Five times
    five equals twenty-five. 2. to settle,
    smooth over, put in order. \..;!JL..
    ...1"~ J ~ ._j')lll saaweena 1-xi/aaf
    beenhum w-xalaa~. We settled the
    disagreement between them and that
    was the end of it. 3. to treat alike, put
    on the same footing. c; JL-:; J...L.Z L....
    c..J"J~ .!II~ J ~...L:j l..i..__. ~~ ma tigdar
    tsaawi beenhum; haaoa tindeel
    w-oaak /:laaris. You can't treat them
    alike; this one is a foreman and that
    one is a guard.

    e,SJL....J tsaawa VI to be equal or


    similar, equivalent to each other . .._,..UI
    .J _,;LAJI rLoi .J JJ~ n-naas yitsaawuun

    'amaam 1-gaanuun. People are equal


    before the law.
    c.S _r..ol stawa VIII I. to occur, happen .
    c.S_,.:.-....IJ o~ L.o L.,;aA.ll 1-ga(ia ma

    bageena w-stawa. Fate is something


    we didn't want, but it took its course.
    2. (with foiL n. or adj.) to become,
    change into s.th. ~ c.S _,:-I c;Ll.l/-maay
    stawa ()aij. The water became ice.
    ~I ,_>-1 !) .:_,-,!j c; ~ ~)I r-r{abb
    yistawi zeen fi 'aaxir 1-gee(i. Dates
    become good at the end of the
    summer. 3. to ripen, mature.\... ~I
    ""--"! c.S _,:..-..-I 1-yi/:1/:1 ma stawa bacad.
    Watermelons haven't ripened yet.
    ~_,........

    sawiyya (p.) equal, alike. c;p I)


    r-"' fi na(iari hum sawiyya. In my
    opinion they are equals. (prov.)
    y )~ J~ ~_,...J~ (iulmin b-s-sawiwa
    cadlin b-r-raciyya.
    Treat people
    equally. Injustice done equally to all
    people is preferable to justice for some
    and injustice for others. (lit., "Injustice
    to all is justice to everyone.").
    ~_,......

    rll"

    ~_J--J taswiya ( v .n.

    from II c.S.J-""'
    I. leveling, smoothing. rj''i
    ~ 'i ~ ~_,.._.; c; _,..-.j laazim tsawwi
    taswiya gabil-la tibni. You have to
    have a leveling of the ground before
    you build. 2. settlement, adjustment
    (of a dispute). ~1}'11 ~.,_...-j or-1~
    daayrat taswiyatl- 'araa(ii the office of
    land dispute settlement.
    sawwa)

    OIJL....o musaawaa (v.n. from III i..SJL.,.


    saawa) equality, equal rights.
    ~JL-:i tasaawi (v.n. from VI c.SJW

    tsaawa) equality, sameness. c; JW~


    b-t-tasaawi equally.

    339
    ~l_r-1 stiwaa' only in "l_r... ~I ..k.:. xatt
    l-'istiwaa' the equator.

    Jl_r--1 stiwaa'i tropical, equatorial.


    ~l_r-...-....-1 L.Ak.;... mantiga stiwaa'iyya

    seeb is the one who holds the rope for


    the diver.

    C'i t.,JJJ

    ~1.:---o siyaal:za 1. traveling, touring,


    tourism. 4.>-~1 o.r-b daayrat s-siyaal:za
    the department of tourism. 2. tour,
    trip.

    tropical region.

    I$.J=--4 mistawi (act. part. from VIII


    c.> ~I stawa) 1. having changed into.
    Lf _,:....-..- LfUI l-maay mistawi ()a/j.
    The water has changed into ice. 2.
    having ripened. ~j Lf .Y----- ~)I
    r-rtabb mistawi zeen. The dates have
    ripened.

    e:-t

    r.> _r--.o mustawa level, standard.


    ~UI l) Lfll.l c.> y::.-.. mustawa l-maay
    ji t-taanki the water level in the
    reservoir. ~I c.> .Y-----" mustawa
    1-bal:zar sea level. ~I c.> .Y----mustawa l-maciisa standard of living.
    .J

    'i ,J t.,JJJ

    swyd

    oolt._,...JI s-sweed Sweden.


    1$--lt.~

    sweedi 1. characteristic of
    Sweden, Swedish. 2. a Swede.

    t.,JJJ

    'i ,J t.,JJJ

    swys

    ~~I 'is-swees Suez (seaport in


    Egypt). ~_r-ll ()\.;j ganaat s-swees the
    Suez Canal.

    .) ~ 'i ,J ~

    swysr

    l_r.)'-" swiisra Switzerland.

    1$.;--J..J'"" swzzsrr

    1. characteristic of
    Switzerland. 2. a Swiss.

    ~'i~ syb

    syl:z

    .J

    'i t.,JJJ

    syd

    ~ seed p. ~ .r--"' syuud 1. queue, line


    (esp. of people or vehicles). ! !.I.J.,..... ~)I
    'ilzam seedak! Stay in your line! 2.
    tum. ~ ~b .:..r' ~ .J.,..-]1 s-seed cata
    man oall:ziin? Whose tum is it now?

    siida (adv.) straight. o..l..,..-- [_J.J


    J}~l )J..UI J-..... y 0:-J ruul:z siida leen
    tOO$al d-dawwaar
    1-'awwal. Go
    straight until you reach the first circle
    (or roundabout). CJ~ ~ ..:......,1)1 ..L:s~1 ~ .....o.J .o.J.,..... cind l-leet Ia truul:z
    siida. tijfcafa 1-yimiin. At the (traffic)
    light don't go straight. Turn right.
    o~

    sayyid p. ~l,-..1 syaad, o~\...... saada


    I. lord, master (as opp. to ~ cabd
    slave, serf). 2. (with the article prefix)
    ..L:--)1 s-sayyid Mr. -l4"- .J.,..-]1 s-sayyid
    l:zamad. Mr. Hamad. 3. one of the
    descendants of Prophet Muhammad.
    li~ sayyidna honorific title used
    before the name of a prophet or a saint
    in Islam.
    o~ sayyida p. -aat 1. lady. 2. (with
    the article prefix) Mrs.

    Q~ ~ siyaada

    syuub rope-man (in

    1. sovereignty, rule,
    dominion. 2. title and form of address

    pearling). ~I J>- J)-1 d-.c. ~I


    s-seeb yamsik 1-~abil ~agg !-gee$. The

    of a president. ~)I o~~ siyaadat


    r-ra'iis His Excellency the President.

    1.:-.:-' seeb p.

    y .r--"'

    340

    .J

    'i I.)M

    ..L.J.:,. f.:"" ma 'astiri 'ilia seer yild. I

    syr

    .JL.... saar

    (~

    ysiir) 1. to leave, go.


    JL. ~ y y ?
    xamiis muub hini.
    saar. Khamis is not here. He has left.
    .:>W ..:;...>- JL. saar bagg libnaan. He
    went to Lebanon. ~~ ~\... .y J\...
    saar min saacar ~-,mbh. He left early
    in the morning. 2. to walk. Li~IJ J\...
    saar wiyyaana. He walked with us. 3.
    (with ~ ca[a) to follow, pursue,
    maintain . .J:fv' ~; Js- .fr-'!. ysiir ca[a
    tartiib mucayyan. He's following a
    specific arrangement. (prov.) JL.... .y
    J.-...o J y J..UI Js- man saar ca[a d-darb
    wi~a/.
    Where there is a will there is a
    way. (lit., "He who follows the right
    path will get there."). 4. to be or
    become loose, move, have diarrhea.
    ~ ~ batni tsiir. I have diarrhea.
    r~I .:,;;.....;/ ~ ..:;..,JL. saara! ba{na
    marrateen l-yoom. He had two bowel
    movements today.
    sayyar ii 1. (with Js- ca[a) to
    drop in on, call on. ;J,l ~J Js- Li f.:""
    ._,...,.i sayyarna ca[a rabicna lee/at 'ams.
    We dropped in on our relatives last
    night. 2. to order s.o. around, make
    s.o. do one's bidding. o~ .j.e.LJ,.i J:...
    ~; L.. J.--!-- mi(}/ 1-yaahil. tsayyra
    mWi/-ma triid. He's like a child. She
    orders him around however she wants.

    o~ siira 1. trip, travel. .y J...-IJ !$j


    ~.!:-" tawwi waa~il min siirti. I have
    just arrived from my trip. 2. behavior,
    ~r.JI op-----11
    s-siira
    conduct.
    n-nabawiyya the biography of Prophet
    Muhammad.

    o.JI.:-oo sayyaara (less common var. ; y


    mootar) p. -aat, .r.:~ siyaayiir. 1. car,
    automobile. oJ~~ ..:;.., )L..... saafart
    b-s-sayyaara. I traveled by car. ~,) J
    ..:r-JL___)I ~ oJl::---11 waddeet
    s-sayyaara siist 1-baanziin. I took the
    car to the gas station. 2. vehicle. oJ~
    Jt.....__..t sayyaarat 'iscaaf ambulance.
    o..i"'i oJ~ sayyaarat 'ujra taxi cab.

    o.ftl........o msaayara (v.n. from III .1-\...


    saayar) showing patience or tolerance
    toward s.o., putting up with s.o.
    t.:J .J 1:? I.)M syrk

    .ftl..,., saayar III to put up with s.o., ~et

    along with s.o . ..,; J.l-1.-:! <...)"'! ~ jA \..(\,)


    daayman
    yfacwizzum
    bass
    ysaayruuna. He always bothers them,
    but they put up with him.
    ~ seer p. J.fr"' syuur I. leather string

    or strap.

    2. leather belt. ~~ (,.> _;...!:oi Lo

    will

    buy only a leather belt.

    !l.fr<N seerk p. -aat circus.


    I.)M(j

    sys

    L....\.:-- siyaasa

    1. policy .

    ...._.WI

    ~ J\J-1 s-siyaasa l-xaarijiyya foreign

    policy. ~/i ._,~ siyaasat 'amriika


    the policy of the United States. 2.
    politics, political science. L.~ J"J~
    yidris siyaasa. He is studying political
    science. 3. diplomacy .
    ~\.:-- siyaasi

    1. political.

    c:P }I

    ~,>"~\ l-wa9c s-siyaasi the political

    situation. 2. diplomatic. 3. diplomat,


    politician.
    .; l:, l.j IJM sytr

    ~ saytar see under.;~ r.j IJ4 $Y{r.

    341

    flowing out of the reservoir. 2. leak .


    .1W ~ ~ ~_,.Alll-guuti ysiil
    $al$al {amaa{. The can is leaking
    tomato sauce.

    -.i tjV"' syf


    ~ seefp . .......; ~ syuufsword,

    saber.
    _r-:.;LIJ ~~ w~..1- a.l~l [-cayyaala
    yargu$UUn b-s-seef w-1-xanyar. Male
    dancers dance with swords and
    daggers.
    o~ seefoo (dim. of~ see/) Seef
    (male's name). (prov.) o~ I L
    <l........!t.; r.,?L J haaoa seefoo w-haaoi
    (}yaaba. A leopard cannot change its
    spots (derog.) (lit., "This is Seefand
    these are his clothes.").
    ~ siifp. J~ syaaf, J~i 'asyaaf
    seashore, seacoast. ~~~~WI
    ~t.... ..J-'1' ~~ li-bnaaya lli ca[a
    s-siif huwa $aa}Jibha. He is the owner
    of the building which is on the
    seashore.

    ~ see/ p.

    1. flood. J;
    ~ Jy.:--11 ...:,....uJ _rk... nizal mutar
    w-gaamat li-syuul tsiil. It rained and
    floods started to flow. 2. torrent,
    torrential stream. r.,? J~l .:r J.=-. see/
    min s-sakaawi inumerable complaints.

    uI J tjV"'
    iJ~

    aii.J-'"" swaaga,

    etc., see

    sykl

    ~ seekal p. JS'~ siyaakil bicycle.


    ~~ ._,_s; tirkab seekal? Do you
    ride a bicycle?
    J(j~ syl

    J I..,.,

    saal (~ ysiil) 1. to flow (out of


    s.th.), stream, run. ~81 i f ~ r.,?lil
    l-maay ysiil min t-taanki. The water is

    siilaan Ceylon.

    ~"'=""'""

    siim p. r~ syaam, ~~ syaama


    1. wire, thin metal wire. 2. barbed
    wire. ~~ I...LA lS..J....a;j ~ Ia tifCadda
    haaoa s-siim. Don't go beyond this
    barbed wire.
    u(j~
    ~

    under ~ ..J r.JM swg.

    J ld 'i 4)M

    sylaan

    ,.tjV"' sym

    ~tjV"' syg

    J!L..,., saayig,

    J..r-- syuul

    I ,.

    syn
    siin p. -aat name of the letter,_,.. s.

    u'i 4)M

    synmaa

    siinama p. -aat cinema, movie


    theater. r.,?J.....;J. ~ \.:.A...!:, J ~~ l....:> .J
    ri}Jna s-siinama w-cifna filim hindi.
    We went to the cinema and saw an
    Indian film.
    ~~ siinamaa'i cinematic, movie

    (adj.) J~ ~ najim siinamaa'i


    movie star.

    J lt,}M
    ~

    s- (inter. part.) 1. what. 0y...L!.


    s-dacwa?
    What's wrong? What's
    going on? kl,~.~ s-jiik? What's
    wrong
    with you? ~ J\.;ll~
    s-hal-/:laCi?
    You don't say! (lit.,
    "What's this talk?") ~.!.L:-'W. s-asmak?
    (less common var. s-ismak?) What's
    your name? ~ .1-~ s-~aayir? What
    has happened? What's going on? 2.
    how much, how many. ~..L4..:;. s-gadd?
    How much? How many? 3. (with
    foiL~ /:lagga) why.~~ s-hagga?
    Why? 4. (with foiL v.) what.~~
    s-tabi? What do you want?~~~
    s-sawweet? What have you done?

    ~ s-ma whatever. ~; \.1-' ...:.,.,..\.:.:. xaoat


    s-ma triid. She took whatever she
    wanted.

    ~.JC'~ saa/:lwf
    -.,;_rl....!o saa/:luuf p. ~ly suwaa/:liif
    small rowboat.
    .JJ I~ saadr

    J.)W saadir p. J.)ly sawaadir (more


    common var. caadir)
    bedspread,
    bedsheet.

    J~ saal p. J~ siilaan 1. shawl. 2.


    (coiL) kind of wool cloth. Ju. ojJ
    gitra saal wool headcloth.

    f" I~ saam
    ~W saam (with the article prefix rUI
    s-saam) 1. Syria. 2. Damascus.

    saami I. (p. rl_,_;. swaam) a


    Syrian.
    2. characteristic of Syria,
    Syrian. 3. cool wind that blows from
    the northwest or from Syria.
    ~W

    ~f"~~ saams

    saamsi p . ._,.....l_r:. suwaamis I.


    Shamsi (person belonging to the
    Shamsi tribe in the U.A.E.).
    2.
    characteristic of the Shamsi tribe.
    ~L.;.

    ~~~ saah

    oU saah 1. (p. -aat) Shah, emperor.


    .JI.r-1 oW. saah 'iiraan the Shah oflran.

    f. -a p. -aat queen, empress. ~UI


    s-saaha the queen of Iran. 2. (p. oy
    syaah) ewe. ~I~ ou.ll s-saah
    nifJyat c-cabs. A ewe is the female of
    a ram.

    uej ~ I t,}M

    saahyn

    ~U.

    ~lt,./M saa~
    ~l,.;, saa~

    saal

    p. -aat chassis.

    t,.)M ,J ~ I t,.)M saakws


    ~'u saakuus p . ._;..$1_r:. suwaakiis

    (more common var. caakuuC) hatchet,


    hammer.

    saahiin p. ~1.,._.::. suwaahiin


    peregrine. ~I J.>-- 'Y ~~~~ 0~.1yrabbuun s-suwaahiin lajil ~-~eed.
    They raise peregrines for hunting.

    'i lt,}M

    saay

    ~u. saay (more common var. caay)


    tea. See under l.j I fi caay.

    343

    1"'U

    a.

    ""'.VA'

    ~~L.!J t~aa'am VI 1. to be pessimistic.

    L.. ;....~:! Jll 'r~u.::; 'j Ia tissaa'am, af!a


    ydabbirha. Don't be pessimistic. God
    will take care of it. ~I ..:,r r~l...!..;j 'j
    Ia tissaa'am min n-natiija. Don't be
    pessimistic about the result. 2. to be
    superstitious. .:.r-- ~ _,..~~ ...,..Li ~
    ..L;

    )I ..;,..~ fii naas yissaa'muun min


    r-racd There are people who see

    ~oot

    ill omens in the sound of thunder.


    ~_,....:;. suum (less common var. r}-!su'um) misfortune, bad luck.

    JJ-!..o mas'uum. unl"!.cky, unfortunate. rJJ----!.-o ~~ ~ Oallattacas


    ~

    cadad mas'uum.
    lucky number.

    Thirteen is an un-

    ~l...!.::.o

    mitsaa'im (act. part. from VI


    1. a pessimist. 2.
    r~L..!;.i tsaa'am)
    pessimistic.

    u,. cJM

    ~ _,_;......::.

    s'uun 1. matter,
    affair. ~L..:>.. 'jl ~ J_;...!JI o)jJ wazaarat
    s-su'uun 1-'ijtimaaciyya the ministry of
    social affairs.
    2. esteem, respect.
    H \..i~ ~W. saanak cindana Cibiir.
    You are highly esteemed by us. 3.
    (with ~ cafa) sake. 1.1... jS' ~
    ~L.!;. ~
    Cjmaff kill haa0a cafa
    saanak. I've done all ofthis for your
    sake.
    4. (with y b-) concerning,
    about. a _:..411 ~~ ~~ ~.J
    rammasta b-saan oiic 1-ga(Jiyya. I
    talked to him concerning that matter.

    ~~dM sbb
    ~

    ~ sabb (coli.) alum, aluminum


    s. -a J->- ~~ j-.;--i
    sulphate.
    ~~ nistacmi/ S-sabb ~agg t-tan9iif.
    We use alum for cleansing.

    sabba

    p. -aat

    telephone pole.

    ~ _,....Al:JI UL:.,. J ~ .:_r-a ~} ~ I~

    ba!faw sabba gariib min beetna


    w-yaana t-talafoon. They put up a
    telephone pole near our house and we
    got the telephone.
    Y~

    sabaab I. youth, youthfulness.


    2. young men, juveniles.
    p. ~~ subbaan, Yl:-=sabaab youth, young man. ~\.1. . . ,..A.:.
    saabb {aayis reckless young man. f.
    -a young woman, girl.
    yU saabb

    s'n

    c;,u saan p.

    0 .rs- sabb /een ~aar cumra


    sittacsar sana. He became a young
    man when he was sixteen years old. 2.
    to break out (fire, war, etc.) ....,.....;. ~r'
    _,I...L.JI J 1-~ariij sabb fi d-daaw. Fire
    broke out on the dhow. 3. (v.t.) to turn
    on (the light). !..:..-:lJI ....,.....;. sibb /-feet!
    Tum on the light!

    ~ ~

    f'-. cJM s'm

    sabb (~ ysibb) 1. to become a


    young man, grow up . .JL...,.:. 0:-1 ~

    &~VM sbc
    ~ sibac (~ yisbic) to tie, fasten,

    attach. ~ o}-~-......JI ~ sibac


    s-sayyaara b-~abil. He tied the car to
    a rope.
    ~ sabac (coli.) nets, netting. s.
    ~ sibca p. -aat. ;; p-5 l:..:.~ j~
    ~I j:... n~adig b- 'afya kaOiira mi(Ji/
    s-sibac. We fish with many things,
    such as nets.

    c~dM sb~
    ~ saba~
    ghost.

    p. c~i 'asbaa~ spirit,

    344
    ~ ~ Lo ~~-y.s u~ sabbacoona
    kalaam; mafiificif. They made us fed
    up with words; there's no action.

    :. s"b r
    .J '-:' I.JM

    .).r.-

    ~ sibir p .
    sbuur span of the
    hand (used as a unit of measurement).
    ~ ~ sibir b-sibir inch by inch.
    ._;P.J ty1 .:.r-- ~ sibir min 1-'arp foot or
    inch of the land.

    IJ~

    sabcaan I. full, sated, satisfied .


    y _,.... ,.:;l...,..-!. uT 'aana sabcaan,
    muub juucaan. I am full, not hungry.
    2. fed up, sick and tired. if .:J~ Lii
    ~I U. 'aana sabcaan min hal-haCi.
    I am fed up with these words.

    .:;u.y.

    4.t~ sibriyya p. c.$).,_..);, sabaari I.


    mattress. 2. bedstead.

    dJ. '-:' dJ.

    sbs

    u~

    sbaasa p . .)-:lW. sibaabiis 1.


    clothespin. 1. binder clip.

    ~'-:'dM sbk
    ~ sibak

    ri "='...,;. sbC) .

    .b '-:' dM sbt

    ~I stibak VIII to get entangled,


    involved, engaged. ~~J ~~_;...).I
    o~ ;;,5'.r- .) )..WI 1-jees stibak wiyya
    f_cadu fi macraka Cibiira. The army
    got engaged in a big battle with the
    enemy.

    J,~ sbaat February. ~i if .1W.


    L:.....!:JI sbaa{ min 'ashir s-sita. February
    is one of the winter months.

    t '-:' dM

    sbc

    sibac (~yisbac) 1. to eat one's


    fill, become satiated, full. ~ ..:.-.
    ~ kaleet leen sibact. I ate until I
    got full. 2. to be or become fed up or
    sick and tired. ~~~ if ~ .JJ ~
    nabgi ficil. sibacna min 1-ka/aam. We
    need action. We've become fed up
    with words.
    3. (v.t.) to fill, sate,
    satisfy. ~ l...k.. # .~ ~ 'l) wala
    sayy yisbica. gatu mataabtx. Nothing
    fills him up. He has a bottomless
    belly. (lit., "He's a cat of kitchens.")

    sabbac

    II I. to satiate, fill.

    ~ Lo "->- )/. cees b-ruuba ma ysabbic.


    Rice by itself doesn't fill one up. 2. to
    satisfy, gratify. ~..UI jl_,....i ~ _,J
    ~ L...... 4.15" lo cateeta 'amwaal
    d-dinya killaha ma tsabbca. If you
    give him the wealth of the whole
    world, you will not satisfy him. 3. to
    make s.o. fed up or sick and tired.

    (see also sibac under

    sabckiyya. p. -aat retina (of the

    eye).
    ~> '-:'

    dJ.

    sbh

    ~ sibah (~ yisbah) to resemble,


    look like, be similar to. .......:... ..U Jl ~
    o)'-"!i hal-waladyisbah 'ubu~.
    boy
    looks like his father.

    lli:

    ~ sabbah II (withy b-)1. to liken.


    compare to. Ulji! ~ ~ ~~ ~
    hal-muganni
    ysabbih
    b~biibta
    b-gazaala.
    This singer likens his
    sweetheart to a female gazelle. 2. to
    consider similar or identical, to find a
    resemblance in. ~ ~ WI I..S~
    haaoi li-bnayya fabbahitta b-bin;i. I
    thought this girl was my daughter. ~
    4>.- .JL.!.ll -J ~ ~i ~~ hal-beet
    'asabbha b-beetna fi s-saarja. This
    house reminds me of our house in

    345
    ~ subha p. -aat suspicion. ~

    Sharja.

    4!W. saabah III, only as in "-!U. Lo J


    w-ma saabah and the like, and others
    of the same type. ..:A.,.:;...J ~ '--.i
    "-!L.....:;. L......... J I~ J fii mgannyiin
    w-mgannyaat w-sucara w-ma saabah.
    There are male and female singers,
    poets, and the like.
    ~

    tsabbah V (withy b-) to copy,


    imitate, try to be like. ~ ..LJ_,ll l..o
    ._,.JL___;..;l..4
    hal-walad yitsabbah
    b-1-xanaafis.
    This boy copies the
    Beatles.
    41\..!J tsaabah VI to look alike, resemble each other, be similar to each
    other. ..L>.-1_, .J*-~ 4:>'-iJ I.F"' hiya
    w-'uxutta yissaabhuun waayid. She
    and her sister look a lot alike.
    ~I stibah VIII I. to be mistaken,
    make a mistake. Jll .Y" jlj.i.ll .~1
    ..jD1 \11 ~ slibaht. l-gazzaaz huwa IIi
    ygizz 1- 'ar(J. I am mistaken. A surveyor is the one who surveys land. 2.
    (with l) fi) to suspect, be suspicious
    about. ;S)I _,L:. J ~ 1~1 ll>.;.::..ll
    s-sir(a stabhaw fii w-xacloo 1-markaz.
    The police suspected him and took
    him to the station.
    ~ sibih p. o~l sbaah semi-, half-,
    -like. ~1 ~ sibih rasmi semiofficial. W.) ~ sibih difaac halfback (soccer). 0r-r- ~ sibih yiziira
    peninsula.

    t.

    sabah p. o~l sbaah I. resemblance, similarity, likeness. 4. y .Y


    _,.......,..i ~J fii sabah beena w-been
    'uxuu. There is resemblance between
    him and his brother. 2. image.

    fii calee subha.


    suspicion.

    .y

    He's under

    o_r.-!-o masbuuh. 1. under suspicion,


    suspect. ~ ~ beet masbuuh
    house of ill repute. 2. (p. -iin) a
    suspect. ,Jf6 ~~ ~ liistat
    1-masbuuhiin the list of suspects, the
    black list.

    ..::. .::, ,JM .su


    ..:;...:....!;. .Satta/ II (usually used withy
    samil gathering) to route, break up,
    disperse. #
    . :. . .:. : . _,...uJI f-cadu Sal/a/
    samilhum. The enemy routed them.
    ~ tsattal V to be dispersed,
    ~ ~
    ssal/a/
    scattered.
    sami/hum.
    They were dispersed.
    ~_,...<.JI l) ~ ._,ilrJI ._r...:,:l:-1 1-jees
    /i-Craagi ssattal fi li-kweet. The Iraqi
    army fell apart in Kuwait.

    ~ tastiit (v.n. from II ~ sal/at)


    dispersion, scattering, dissolution.

    J.::, ,JM

    stl

    ll:.!. sat/a p . .._,4\.:.!. sataayil,


    young plant, seedling.
    ~ mastal

    p.
    nursery, arboretum.

    Jr stuul

    ..JL!...

    masaalil

    f>.::, ,jM stm

    sitam (~ yastim) to call s.o.


    bad names, curse s.o. ~ ~~ _,...;o
    <.l"L....:.ll ri..W huwa IIi sit~mni jfddaam
    n-naas. He's the one who called me
    bad names in front of the people.

    r-.:.

    sal/am II intensive of
    sitam .
    ~ ~ sal/am cafee fi
    s-suug. He cursed him repeatedly in

    ..;_,..-.II l)

    346
    encouraged to study at night school.

    the marketplace.
    ~0--

    ';,

    t~

    satiima p. ~L:..;. sataayim insult.


    l~i ~ ~i l...o c.?~ cumri rna
    'ansa satiimatk 'abdan. I will never
    forget your insulting me.
    .J~dM stw
    ~

    II .Satta to spend the winter.

    ~ ~

    daayman nsatti hni.

    sijaac p. .:.>~ sijcaan 1.


    brave, courageous, bold. 2. courageous person.
    4$.~

    We

    always spend the winter here.

    sita winter. '._:r:!j ~ ~I ~


    fa# s-sita hni zeen, muub
    baarid.
    The winter season here is
    t:...,;,

    good; it's not cold .


    ~ .:.r-j

    .._r..JS" ~I

    ccdM

    sl:zl:z
    ~ sa/:zl:z

    (~ ysil:z/:z) to become
    scarce, run short, decrease. ~ .r=JI
    l.::.....!.ll l; t-tamir yHI:z/:z ji s-sita. Dates
    become scarce in the winter.

    :; I_,.J.I

    l-hawaji s-sita killis zeen hni.

    The weather in the winter is very good


    here.

    c..?y.-:;. sitwi winter, wintry."-<~


    hduum sitwiyya winter clothes.
    ~

    mas/a p.

    _;~..:;...

    ~ si/:zl:za
    (v.n. from ~ saM)
    scarcity, shortage.

    )..lJ>

    ~ si/:zii/:z scarce, short, meager.


    ..li...,A.ll :; ~ ..bl......k.ll !-tamaa{ si/:zii/:zfi
    !-gee(). Tomatoes are scarce in the
    summer .

    masaati winter

    resort.

    ..) '[dM

    Sjr

    :. .,. :. shst
    '-""

    t'[dM

    sijar see under .;ejJ;. syr.

    Sf

    I. to encourage. y.
    Ji--:-liJ .....,ly.ul .? ~ Jll huwa lli
    sajjacni ca[a d-diraasa w-s-sugul.
    ~

    sajjac II

    He's the one who encouraged me to


    study and work. 4 } ~

    J-:- 'Y l:>. .J

    ri/:zna lajil nsajjic fariigna. We went


    to encourage our team. 2. to support,
    back, promote.~ }I (\;;;~I~ rj'Y
    /aazim nsajjiC 1-'intaaj 1-wa(ani. We
    should support national production.
    ~

    tsajjac

    to be encouraged.

    ~~ L.....J.lll :; U'.J~ ~ tsajjac

    yidris

    fi 1-madrasa 1-/ay/iyya.

    courage, bravery,

    ~i 'asjac (elat.) 1. (with .:r' min)


    more courageous than, etc. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most courageous, etc.

    lJ.:.I~

    ~ .J~ y y

    sajaaca

    boldness .

    He was

    \,.

    '-""'

    ~ sal:zat (~ ysaf:zSil) to
    drag, drag along. IJJ...l.;..,.2]1 ~i .J..l.ii Lo

    b ,..._,;. i rj 'Y ma 'agdar 'asiii


    $-$anduug; laazim 'asa/:ziS(a. I cannot
    carry the box; I have to drag it.

    ~ c~ sl:zt
    ~ si/:za( (~ yis/:za!) to scuff,
    drag along, scrape. ~ J ~ 'l

    ~ J _,.,!,.~ Ia tamsi w-tis/:za( b=l-juuti


    l:zaggak. Don't walk and scuffyour
    shoes.

    ~C:~ s/:zm
    ~

    saf:zf:zam II to lubricate, grease.


    ci?I<J ~J o).!-..Ji..i,__,:.l 'ixio

    347

    freighted. _?...;. J ~ ~yo.-!-- ..:..4.J)JI


    /-/00riyyaaf maS/:IUUniin CeeS W-Sakar.
    The trucks are loaded with rice and
    sugar.

    s-sayyaara w-sal:J,/:zimha fi 1-garaaj.


    Take the car and have it lubricated in
    the garage.
    ~

    tsabl:zam V (pass. of
    sa/:tl:lam) to be lubricated.

    II~

    tiC~ sl:zy

    sal)am (coli.) fat, grease, suet. s.


    ~ sl)ama piece of fat or suet.
    .J~~~ ~ sl)amat 1-'ioin the earlobe.
    (prov.) JS' ~J ~ ~ y y .J-'
    ~ o.) J-'""' muub kill bee(Ja sl)ama
    wala kill sooda fo.ama. Do not judge
    people or things by their appearance.
    You cannot judge a book by its cover.
    (Lit. "Not every white thing is a piece
    of fat and not every black thing is a
    piece of charcoal.")

    si/:1/:li p. C.~ sl)uu/:1 Bedouin


    belonging to the tribe known as the
    sl)uul:zc.~'

    1.:. ":"

    saxbat (~ ysaxbi!) to
    scrawl. ~ ..u-u jJ>l.J:.I
    U .J)I ~ 1-yaahil gaacid ysaxbit ca[a
    li-wruga. The child is scribbling on
    the piece of paper.
    scribble,

    1.:. _, "="

    ~~C~ s/:lmt
    j,~ sal)muut p. ~~ sil)aamiit

    I. young, not old. 2. young boy,


    youth, lad . .b~ o~ ..U )1/-walad
    bacda sal)muuf. The boy is still young.

    uc~ s/:ln
    ~

    sil)an {,:_y~ yisl)an) I. to ship,


    freight. ~ ~--=- o.Jl....!J ~ J ~
    fannas w-sil:zan gsaara l:zagg gi{ar. He
    resigned and shipped his belongings to
    Qatar. (,>.))J~ ~~~~ sl:zanaw 1-yiiJ.}J
    b-1-loori.
    They shipped the watermelons by truck.
    ~

    sabin (v.n.) shipping, freighting.


    sayyaarat sabin truck,

    ~ o.J~

    lorry.
    ;.;~._:~al:zna (n. ofinst.) p. -aat load,
    shipment, cargo.

    ~~

    saaf:zina p. -aat truck, lorry.

    i,)~

    masl:zuun

    (p.p.)

    loaded,

    t ~ sxbt

    t ~ sxbwt

    j,~ saxbuut Shakhbout (common


    male's name in the Gulf).
    ~

    .; C4JM

    sxr

    ~ ~ixar (~ yasxur)

    to snore. ~
    leen yargid daayman
    yasxur. When he goes to bed, he always snores.
    ~ L(b ..G;.

    .r""~

    saxiir snoring.

    ~t~ SX$
    ~

    saxxa$ II to diagnose. Jl>..UI

    ~I ._JP _rll L...a .J ~ IJ.J...li \...

    ..y.

    d-daxaatir hni ma gdaraw ysaxx$u"un


    hal-mara() 1-cajiib. The doctors here
    couldn't diagnose this strange disease.
    ~ SUX$ p . ._,..~i 'asxaa$. ...,..~
    sxaa$ person, individual, someone.
    ~ ~ ~ ~ fii hni xamsiin
    SUX$. There are fifty persons here. ,:)0 ~J .J Jfi ._,..~i J> ~~ ni/:zin
    mil)taajiin
    l)agg 'asxaa$ yigruun

    348

    w-yikitbuun. We are in need of people


    who (can) read and write.
    ~ sax.~i

    personal, private. ~
    hamma
    l~wahiid ma$lal:zta s-SGX$iyya. His
    only concern is his personal interest.
    ~I ~ ..L....:>- _,.ll

    ~ saxsiyyan

    personally. Gl
    'aana SGX$iyyan Cint
    hnaak. I personally was there.

    ~b

    ..:-.:.)

    ~ saxt

    (v.n. from ..6:....;. sixat) 1.


    striking (a match). 2. crossing out,
    striking out. 3. scratching, making a
    mark. 4. (p. .1~ sxuut) scratch,
    mark, line.
    J:,~ saxxaat

    (coli.)
    matches,
    lucifers. .1~.>....._.;;. .;, y
    cuud saxxaar
    match, stick of matches.
    4,.1,~ saxxaata

    p. -aat

    box of

    matches.
    ~

    SGX$iyya p. -aat 1. personality. ~\ ~ {jaciif S-SGX$iyya


    incompetent. 2. person of importance
    and prominence. 3. identity. \)J.JJ L.
    ~I ~ 0_,.....;f i rna gidraw
    ycarfoun SGX$iyyat l-gatiil.
    They
    couldn't know the murdered man's
    identity.

    .b t~ sxr

    ~ msaxxat (p.p. from II .b:....::.


    saxxat)
    having been scratched. 2.
    having been crossed out or struck out.

    t.J~ sdx
    ;i,;.\J...::, siddaaxa p. -aat mouse trap .

    .b......';. sixat (~ yisxat) 1. to strike

    cJ

    JJ ~_r.S ~ .1_,.:._;:.
    (a match).
    o) LAJ:.I sixat. .silb cabriit w-wallac
    J-)lgaara. He struck a match and lit
    the cigarette. 2. to cross out, strike
    out. ~\ ,J-" ~\ .b:..__:;, sixat 'asmi
    min l-liista. He crossed out my name
    from the list. 3. to make a mark,

    scratch. c.? J ~\ ~ ~~ .1_,.:._;:. sixat


    b-l-ga!am ca[a l-'ar{j. He made a mark
    on the floor with the pen. .1_,.:._;:.
    u _,k.ll ? ~ sixaf saxteen ca[a
    !-toofa. He scratched two marks on
    the wall.
    .b......';. saxxat II

    intensive of ..6:....;.
    sixat. ~_r:S" ~ ~\j gaacid ysaxxit
    cab;iit. He's striking a lot of matches.

    J> J ~\

    J:, ~ masxuut (p.p. from .k.:._.;.


    sixat) I. scratched, marked. 2. (p.
    -iin) s.o. slightly crazy, foolish.

    ~ ..6:....;. saxxat cala l'ar{j. He


    made many marks on the floor.

    .J .J ~ sdd

    ..U add ( ~ ysidd) 1. to load up


    (animals) to go. \..; ..r---" J ~~ ~..l._.;;,
    saddeena l-bil w-sirna. We loaded up
    the camels and left. 2. to pull or drag
    s.o. or s.th. <SY .y d...L.:;. saddani min
    8oobi. He dragged- me by my dress.
    J.-)-1 ~b

    sidd oaak 1-/:zabil. Pull


    that rope. 3. to tie up, tie together.
    \..2.-L.:;. J ~ l) oJl:;j .1.:.-l:zatt gsaarafi
    bugsa w-saddha. He put his things in
    a bag and tied it up. 4. to bring together, muster (e.g., up strength) . ...L.:;.
    ..,L..;,

    ..:.r-:.j ~\) ..:.Li_r- sidd /:zzaamak

    w-stagil zeen.
    and work hard.

    Gather your strength

    ~..U saddad II 1. to make strong, intensify, strengthen. ~~ .;,...L.:;. ~Ull

    (:-k- . . ::~

    ~ 1-gaa{ji addad 1-/:zukum

    349

    "alee linna callax. The judge made


    his sentence heavier because he lied.
    ..!.ll4 ~ .)...L..-!.j "Y Ia tsaddid cafa
    "yaa{ak. Don't be hard on your kids.
    2. to exert pressure, press . .)..L!.j" l~l
    J..L..a.ll J~ '~ 'ioa tsaddid "alee,
    yguul $-#dj. If you are firm with him
    he will tell the truth.
    '
    .)J....!J" tsaddad V to be strict, harsh,
    severe. ~ .)...L..-!..;! ~...l:>.- r-.J..,. ly.L:o,.
    JL...JI yaabaw mudiir yidiid yitsaddad
    ca[a 1-"ummaal. They brought a new
    manager who is strict with the workmen.

    VII pass. of ..l.!:. sadd to


    be pulled or dragged. 2. to be tied up,
    tied together.
    J...!..il nsadd

    ~I

    stadd VIII 1. to become hard


    '
    harsh, severe. _;--=ll ~ ~I ~ fi
    1-geep yistadd 1-l:zarr. In the summer
    hot weather becomes intense. ..:;...~I
    1
    6.: oJI..L....JI staddat [-cadaawa
    Enmity became more
    beenhum.
    intense between them. ~ J ~~
    ~ JrP stadd wuja" f)ruusi.
    My
    toothache became more severe.
    sadd (v.n. from ..l.!;. sadd) I. loading up. 2. pulling or dragging. ..l.!:.
    J-:.:1-1 sadd 1-J:zabi/ tug of war. 3. tying
    up, tying together.
    4. bringing
    together,
    mustering,
    gathering
    (strength). ~1__;.......;1-1 ..u. sadd /i-/:zzaam
    gathering of strength.
    J..};,

    o~

    sidda p. ~I...L.!. sadaayid distress,


    hardship, adversity.
    .1.!~

    sadiid severe, strong, hard,


    harsh, intense. ~')\.kjl 41J ~...L.!. ~Ill>
    hal-mucallim sadiid wiyya !-tullaab.

    This teacher is severe with the


    students. o~..U. ~_,k) rutuuba sadiida
    intense humidity.
    .)\~

    sdaad p. -aat riding saddle of a

    camel.
    ~~ 'asadd (elat.) 1. (with i f min)
    more forceful, intense, rigorous,
    stronger, harder, harsher. 2. (with foil .
    n.) the most forceful, rigorous, etc.

    ..) .J~ sdr


    ).)~

    saadir see under..) .J & cdr.

    1$)~ sadri having a roof made of


    cloth. r.,? J..J.....:;. o}::--" sayyaara sadri

    convertible car.
    ~> .J~ sdh

    s"1"dah 1/.o~yis"da h 1. to amaze,


    surprise, astonish. o~ _r-l:ill Lo.
    hal-manf)ar yisdah.
    This sight is
    amazing.
    2. to distract, confuse.
    ~i JDi L. .J~ ..:_...~~..l.!:. sidaht baali.
    rna 'adgar 'afakkir. You distracted
    me. I can't think.
    o~

    VII 1. to be surprised,
    astonished. J~i ..::.,..jU u:J Lb4 o~l
    4J._,...JIJ nsidah baalha leen caafat
    /i-l:zyuul W-$-$Ooga. She was amazed
    when she saw the bracelets and the
    jewelry. 2. to be distracted, preoccupied. ..J4 o~l nsidah baa/a. He was
    distracted.
    oJ...!..il nsidah

    0JJ...!...o

    masduuh (p.p. from o...L.!. sidah)


    1. surprised, astonished. 2. distracted,
    preoccupied. JWI oJ...l.......!... masduuh
    /-baa/ distracted .

    ti .JdM

    Sdy

    ~.u,

    sida

    (t..?~

    yisdi) to sing. (more

    350

    common var.

    ganna. See under

    <,?uf:.iJny).
    1,$.)l..::.

    li-hduum b-1-maay.

    The clothes were

    soaked in water.

    aada III to resemble, look like

    ~I

    nsirab

    VII

    to be drunk.\...!.

    s.o. or s.th. Jll o.J~I (,>.:>L.;.; o.J~I \...!.

    y~ L..... .0.:>)~ o~l

    ~_r-.:;.1

    baarda.

    ma tinsirib.

    cold. It can't be drunk.

    1$.)W. aadi

    drinking.

    p. -yiin singer. (,>.:>L:.


    ~~ aadi 1-xaliij title, pseudonym
    of Abd Al-Aziz Khalid, a Kuwaiti
    singer.

    ..)j~ Or
    J..L.;. aoir

    (coli.)
    piece of turquoise.

    turquoise.

    s. -a,

    1$ )..L.;. saori turquoise blue, turquoise.


    (,.> J..i,_;;, U _,-II 0 .,.__ loon $-$OOga saori.
    The color of the jewelry is turquoise.

    ":"..;~ srb
    y

    ~)...\;

    sirib (y _r;...,yisrab) I. to drink.


    0~ ...:..,_r;, sribt gahwa bdiwiyya.

    I had Bedouin coffee. <.5; ,oft! ~i L..


    y ~i L..... ma 'abga biira, tara ma
    'arab. I don't want beer because I
    don't drink.

    y ~ sarrab II 1. to make or let


    drink. IJ..L.ll U~ ...:...,~ i~l 1-'umm
    sarrabat cyaafha d-duwa. The mother
    made her kids drink the medicine.
    o.t:-! .;.1.,~\ (,>l:IJ

    'asarribk biira.

    JL...U tacaal wiyyay


    Come with me. I'll

    buy you a beer. (,>L.. ~_r;, sarrabhum


    maay. He gave them water to drink.
    2. to soak, saturate. (,>U~ ..._. )..u. y _r;,

    arrab hduuma b-1-maay. He soaked


    his clothes in water.

    y ~ tsarrab
    V to be soaked,
    saturated. (,>U~ i J..l..J,I ...:..,_,.;;,J tsarrabat

    urb

    hal-gahwa

    This coffee is

    has-sayyaara tsaadi s-sayyaara


    IIi tareetta. This car looks like the
    car I bought.

    surb (v.n. from y _r;. sirab)


    i"j._., 'il l) il.r"" ~I y _r;.
    1-xamir l;araam fi 1-'islaam.

    Drinking liquor is unlawful in Islam.


    ~ y _rjl i~ ~I \...!. hal-iyyaam s-surb
    beelar. (lit., "During these days
    drinking is boiled water.") i.e., people
    no longer drink regular water; they
    drink boiled water.
    'J.J.~ surba (n. of inst.) p. -aat drink,
    sip, draught. o..L:>-IJ a.,_r;, y _r;,i '-""" ~
    xa!/ni bass 'asrab surba wal;da. Let
    me have only one sip.

    yl_r;. saraab sherbet, fruit drink, fruit


    juice.
    y JW. aarib (act. part. from y _;;.
    sirib)
    I. having drunk s.th. ~ y
    (,>U y .JL:. tawwni sarib caay. I have
    just had some tea.
    2. (p . ..J:!Jl...,;,
    saarbiin)
    drinker.
    3. (p. y)_,_.;.
    sawaarib)
    mustache. (prov.) 6.....,.:l-

    ul y .JL..,;;, ~) ~) libya
    w-ll;ayya w-kill saarib 'ila mga$$.
    Your

    fingers

    are

    not

    the same.

    Different strokes for different folks.


    (Lit., "There is a beard and there is a
    small beard and each mustache has its
    scissors.")

    Y J~ masruub (p.p. from y _r;.


    irib) 1. having been drunk. ~ \..._.
    Y
    ....l5" .(,>L.:;. ma fii caay. killa
    maruub. There isn't any tea. It has

    J.r:---

    351
    all been drunk. 2. drink, alcoholic
    drink. ~ t. ~ L..... ..;..,~J~ 1
    1-masruuhaat
    rna
    tinhaac
    hni.
    Alcoholic drinks are not sold here.

    u ":".;dM

    r;.;dM

    c.ro sira/:1

    (c. A yisral;) to explain,


    make clear or plain, illustrate. <...1'J..ll\
    <...1' )..U\ L:.l c_,...:;, 1-mudarris ira!; lana
    d-dars.
    The teacher explained the
    lesson to us.

    srht

    ~.;--!"

    arhat
    fruit drink, noncarbonated soft drink. l'll...J...,a.:... Lo
    o~ ~_,...:;, rna /;a$$alna 'ilia arhat
    cinda. We found only a fruit drink at
    his place.

    &"':".; dM

    c_ro sarral; II to dissect, perform an

    autopsy on a corpse. t) ~) ~.:.>. _,...:;,


    ~I sarral;na 'arnah fi 1-muxtahar.
    We dissected a rabbit in the
    laboratory. 0 y--tf i j-:>:-l' 0.1 I.J>" _,...:;,
    . ;. ,.r-11 ~ sarral;aw l-jifJfJa lajil
    ycarfuun sahah !-moot.
    They
    performed an autopsy on the corpse to
    find out the cause of death. 2. to slice,
    cut up into slices. ~~ J C_;;, yWI
    l-ga$$aah sarral;-li 1-lal;am.
    The
    butcher sliced the meat for me.

    srhc

    ~ro sarhac (~A ysarhiC) 1. to


    entangle, snarl. ~~~ ~_r...; l' Ia
    tsarhicni h-hal-muskila. Don't get me
    into this problem. 2. to complicate. l'
    J.r-"f.J\ ~~ Ia tsarhic 1-'umuur.
    Don't complicate things.

    [..JdM

    c_.;--!o sari; (v.n. from c_,...:;, ira!;)

    srj

    explanation, illustration.

    c_? sarraj

    II (less common var. J _;;,


    arrag) to go east. L. J ._,.., ~ J J _;;,
    ~ ~ sarraj w-garrab w-ma
    /;a$$al sayy. He went everywhere and
    got nothing.

    c__,...:;. sarj
    arg) east.

    ;;s..r- sriil;a

    r:f~ tasrii/:1

    (v.n. from II C_,...:;,


    sarral;)
    dissecting, dissection. ~
    ~_,.;.:JI cifm t-tasrii/:1 anatomy.
    J.;

    ro

    ~ JwJI s-saarja
    U.A.E. emirates).

    Sharja (one of the

    saarji 1. (p. -yiin) Sharji


    (someone from Sharja).
    JU ..:....;i
    'inta aarji? Are you from Sharja? 2.
    characteristic of Sharja.

    \?'"

    p. ~~~ siraayil; thin

    slice (of meat).

    (less common var. J _,...:;,

    .,r: sarji (less common var. _) _;;,


    argi) eastern. -} _,...:;, ,_,....,. hawa sarji
    eastern wind. ~r-=JI 6..Ak.J.i 1-mantiga
    s-sarjiyya the eastern district.

    .,r:)l..-!o

    sri;

    dM

    srd

    ro

    ~
    sir ad (:>A yasrid) to run away,
    flee, escape. 6.1 ?I .y ;:, _T;- sirad min
    s-sirta. He ran away from the police.
    ~~ .:.r- ;:, _,...:;, sirad min s-sijin. He
    escaped from jail. (prov.) \..:.;.:....... \ Y'~-lll ;:, _;;, t.S\11 yoom $GXXanna 1-maay
    sirad d-diic.
    Forewarned is forearmed. (lit. "When we heated the
    water, the rooster ran away.")~~ ;:, _;;,
    sirad oihna. He was distracted. His
    mind was far away.

    352

    sanad II to cause to run away,


    flee. 0 .r"'-1 J~l ~ ~ sarrad fi-cyaa!
    ~~

    b-~oota.

    He made the children run


    away with his voice. J"l.i ..;.,~ _r;. y .)-1

    .:r- !-/;arb sarradat naas min


    byuuttum. The war drove people away

    ~ .r-!

    from their homes.

    spark.

    .b.;JM srt
    J, ~ sirat (.k A yasrut) to stipulate,
    impose as a condition. rj'i .....;I .k ~
    o~IJ CJ~

    sirat 'inna laazim nruub

    wiyyaa. He stipulated that we must go


    with him.

    tsarrad V I. = ~ _r;. sirad. ~ _;:..;


    4.b _,_..;jl .:..r-" tsarrad min s-sir{a. He ran

    ~~

    away from the police. 2. to be driven


    ~ .r-! .:r- ly ~ .:r-..L>.-IJ J"Li
    naas
    waaydiin
    tsarradaw min
    byuuttum. Many people were driven

    away.

    away from their homes.


    ~ Jy-:;. sruud (v.n. from ~ ~ sirad)
    running away, fleeing, escape.
    ~ .)t..:;,

    saarid (act. part. from~..,.:;. sirad)


    I. having escaped. ~JL...;. 0~1
    1-masjuun saarid.
    The inmate has
    escaped. 2. fleeing, running away, at
    large.

    J, _r. sarrat II intens. of .k..,.:;. sira{.


    J, JU saara{
    III to bet, wager.
    6...Jk.y _?L., .wl ~ Jui 'asaaritk 'inna
    baatir cu{la. I bet you tomorrow will
    be a holiday.
    J, .)L.!J !saara{ VI to make an agreement, to fix mutual conditions.
    ~ ~i .JG..:;.. 'il L)

    e:--i. I)[U, JL..':.;

    r"' J~ tsaara{na 'ioa nijal;ji li-mtibaan


    'ac{ii miiteen dirhim.

    We made an
    agreement if he passed the examination, I would give him two hundred
    dirhams. J} ~J .L.:. T r-L:IJ ..:...1 }.:..;

    !saara{{ wiyyaahum 'aaxio ribb


    'awwal sana. I made an agreement

    6..:.....-...
    \

    :.

    srr

    .; .; (..)"J
    ~

    sarr

    line).

    (~ysurr)

    I. to hang (on a

    j:-JI ..;., _;;. (,?"" _r l;urumti sarrat

    1-gasiil. My wife hung the wash. 2. to


    scatter. y _r-J-1 _r;.. sarr li-l;buub. He
    scattered the seeds.
    '!'
    :.
    .; .; (..)"J

    srr

    _r.

    sarr

    p. JJ.? sruur evil, wicked-

    ness.

    _r;.. ~

    l;i~al

    sarr.

    L. .1iL..:...il nsaa{{a ma

    I hope nothing bad hap-

    pened. o_;;. ,y ~ ~ . o~

    Jll ~

    catii lli yibgaa.


    nabi niftakk min
    sarra. Give him what he wants. We
    would like to to rid ourselves of his
    trouble.

    ).,.-:. saraar

    (coli.)

    sparks.

    s. -a

    with them to take the profit of the first


    year.

    J, pi stirat VIII (with Js- cafa) to


    stipulate, impose as a condition on s.o.
    J).f-! ....... ~ J")~ <~oil~ .k p.-::.1 .... _,s:J-1

    li-l;kuuma star{at ca[ee 'inna yidris


    handasat batrool. The government
    imposed on him the condition that he
    study petroleum engineering.

    J, _r. sart

    p. .k )_;;. sruut condition,

    J5" J

    J~i ..~.>.-IJ l.i~


    ~ .k )~ CU
    cindana waayid
    'asgaal w-kill sag/a tihtaaj sruut
    mcayyana. We have many jobs and

    stipulation. 6.k...::.

    each job requires specified conditions.

    353
    01 .1 A

    b-sart 'inn-, 01 .1 _r;. ~ cafa


    sart 'inn- on condition that, provided
    that.

    siraayic
    sail. ti__.....:JI ~ taftiil s-sraac sailmaking .

    ._,b _r,

    ..,f'l~

    sirti p. d.1 _r;. sirta policeman.


    JJ/' ~ _r;. sirti muruur traffic officer.
    ))y-1\- d.1 _r;. sirtat 1-muruur the traffic,
    highway department.
    ~_r, sariit p. d.1 _r:.i 'asrita tape,
    recording tape.

    .k ~ misrat

    p. .1 JL...:..... masaarit
    sharp knife used by a circumcisor.

    t.J~ src

    t__r,

    sarrac II to open (a door, a


    window, etc.). -.s- _r:.; ~ .....,.A~\ ~ ~ikk
    1-baab. Ia tsarrca. Close the door.
    Don't open it.
    msarrac (p.p. from II trsarrac)
    open. y .J----' 't~ yyl
    ~ ~ 1-baab msarrac, muub
    ma~kuuk.
    The door is open, not
    closed.
    t.~

    t_~l s-sarc

    the canonical law of


    Islam. ~~'il t~' l) ji s-smC
    !- 'islaami according to Islamic law.
    t.r--=JI ,_Y;J..;;. xilaaf s-sarc violation of
    religious law.

    ~ ~ sarcan
    legally, lawfully, in a
    legal sense.

    ....f'~

    sarci
    1. legal, lawful,
    legitimate. l) !../ ~ y .J----' ~ ~)I
    (Y.'-" 'i' r-riba SGY.Y muub sarci ji
    1-'is/aam.
    Usury IS something
    unlawful in Islam. 2. dealing with
    Islamic law. ~ ~ ~\..i gaa(Ji sarci
    cadi, Islami~ judge~ ~ ~ ~
    mal;kama sarciyya religious court.

    t_l~

    sraac p.

    t_r;., sire,

    ~l_r;.,

    sraaci sail-, sailing, rigged


    with sails. L/l_r;., ~/' markab sraaci
    sailboat.
    ~_;-!JI s-sarUCa

    the Sharia, the canonical law of Islam.

    Cj_r.,J tasrW legislation .


    ~.r-!J tasrUCi

    legislative. 4.kl-JI
    ~~~ s-sulta t-tasrUCiY.Ya
    the
    legislative branch, the legislature.
    (.JU saaric p. t}y sawaaric street.
    ~tJL.;;. t?i l) ~ tiskin fi 'a.Y.Ya
    saaric? Which street do you live on?
    tJUI .r"'"1 l) ji 'aaxir s-saaric at the
    end of the street.
    t.J~ masruuc
    1. (p. ~)~
    masaarW)
    project, undertaking,
    enterprise. ~\Jj tJ~ masruuc
    ziraaci
    agricultural project. ~JL...:.....
    J-~ ._,.,L....; ~ a.....
    masaariic
    li-l;kuuma tsaggil naas ka8iiriin. The
    government projects employ a lot of
    people. 2. legal, lawful. tJ_,...:-. J.oscamal masruuc
    legal action.
    3.
    acceptable, allowable. )..h:.i 4-15' (,>.h
    ~ J~ y .J--" haaoi killaha 'acoaar
    muub masruuca.
    These are all
    unacceptable excuses.

    .P-1

    ~.;~ srf

    J _r,

    sarraf II 1. to honor. \.j _p _r;.


    ~)~f. sarraftuuna b-ziyaaratkum.
    You honored us with your visit. 2. to
    be more noble, eminent, honorable
    than. ~ !.1.>-!i J _r;.iJ ~ _r;.,i 'asarrifk
    w- 'asarrif 'ubuuk bacad. I am more

    354

    honorable than you and your father


    too.

    J ~i 'asraf

    (J _Ayisrif) (with .)sl. to watch, supervise, oversee.

    cala)
    ~....;,A ~I -"" l,)p.o~l Jly...UI ..r-..l..o
    ~j}k11 m~diir d-diiwaan 1-'amiiri
    huwa IIi yisrifca[a 1-mataarziyya. The
    director of the Emiri Court is the one
    who supervises the bodyguards. .:.r~t_)_r.il ~ ....;, A
    man yisrif ca[a
    1-masruuc? Who oversees the project?
    2. to overlook, command a view of. Lo.
    JWI
    J _r..J d.; ,S:W1 hal-balkoona
    tisrif cata 1-bistaan. This balcony
    overlooks the garden.

    Js-

    J ~ saraf l.
    _r.j_,ll J

    honor.

    Js- ~ ~,.....

    _r;. sawweena /:zajla cala saraf

    1-waziir. We had a party in honor of


    the minister. 2. eminence, nobility,
    distinction.
    ~~ sariif p. u~ surafa, Jl_r;.i
    'asraaf l. eminent, noble, distinguished.
    2. honorable, respectable,
    honest. ~.r-=:- ~ bint sariifa honorable girl.
    3. sherif, descendant of
    Muhammad.

    J ~i 'asraf

    (elat.) l. (with..:,,.. min)


    more honorable, respectable. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most honorable, respectable.

    JI~J 'israaf (v.n. from IV J _r;.i


    supervision, control. ...;:._j..
    'asraj)
    ....;, l.r-!"1 ta/:lt 'israaf under the auspices
    of.

    ~.;~ srg
    J~ sarrag II (more common var. II

    sarraj)

    to go east.

    See also under

    [.J dM srj. ~I ..:..-..,;) J; A )-WI


    1-badu
    ysarrguun wagt 1-gee(J.
    Bedouins go east at summer time.
    y _);) J _r;. sarrag w-garrab. He went
    everywhere.

    J~i 'asrag (J?yisrig) IV to rise


    (sun). ci.r-!"i ~I s-sams 'asragat.
    The sun rose.

    J~ sarg east. .k-. J~l J_r;.JI s-sarg


    1-'awsat the Middle East. ~..UI J _;;.
    sarg 1-madiina east of the city. JU?J ~ samaal sarg northeast. y .f'>'
    J _r;. yinuub sarg southeast.

    ~ sargi eastern. 4 _r.ll ~~


    1-mantiga s-sargiyya
    the Eastern
    Province in Saudi Arabia.

    ~.;~ srk

    .!l~ sirak (!.l A yisrik) to include,


    make a partner or participant. oi..:.S' _,.;.
    t_J_r.ll l) siraknaa fi 1-masruuc. We
    included him in the project.
    .!lJL.:o. saarak III to go into partnership
    with, participate with, be or become a
    partner with. t_J.r--=J-1 l) ~ JL..:;.
    l.; ,;---->-)
    saarakittum fi 1-masruuc
    w-xisarna.
    I went into partnership
    with them and we lost money.

    .!l~i 'asrak (!.l _Ayisrik) IV l. (!.l _r.i


    .1~ 'asrak b-llaah) to be a polytheist,
    hold others equal with God. !.l _r..J 1~1

    [_)} .1~ 'ioa tisrik b-llaah truu/:1

    jahannam. If you hold others equal to


    God, you will go to hell. 2. = !.l _,.;.
    sirak.

    .!lJL-!J tsaarak
    partnership.

    VI to enter into
    ;;..L..,.:. _,.jl ~IJ J JL....;..j

    tsaarakt wiyya n-nooxaoa. I went into

    355

    partnership with
    ship.

    the captain of the

    .!.)~~ stirak VIII


    1. to participate,
    take part, join in, collaborate . ..::.5~~
    ~~ <J stirakt fi 1-jamciyya.
    I
    became a member of the society.
    ~ J \11 yL.....J\11 <J .!l ~I stirak fi
    1-'a[caab 1-'oolampiyya. He took part
    in the Olympic Garnes. 2. to subscribe. ~I ~~ <J .!l _r-::.:, rj'Y .;:!..lll Jt:;
    gaal 1-mudiir laazim nistarik fi (Hie
    1-majalla. The manager said we had
    to subscribe to that magazine.

    'JS'r sirka partnership, association.


    'JS'~ sarika p. -aat company, firm,
    corporation. j.-;. 45'~ sarikat sal
    the Shell Company . ..:;:.et' 45'_,.;. sarikat
    ta'miin insurance company.
    siriik p. l5'"_r. suraka 1. partner.
    <J ~_r. siriiki fi t-tijaara my
    business partner. olS'" _,.;.) r-"l,. jaasim
    w-surakaa Jasim & Co. 2. accessory,
    accomplice. ~_),-1 <J ~_r;. Siriik fi
    li-jariima accessory to the crime.
    ~r

    0Jl>...:ll

    ~~ siriika p. -aat (common var.


    siriica) second wife. (prov.) ~_,.;.
    p---A.ll <J ~ _,J) siriika walaw hii fi
    1-gabir (derog.). A leopard cannot
    change his spots. (lit. "She is a second
    wife although she is in the grave.")
    ~lpl stiraak

    (v.n. from VIII .!l ~I


    stirak) 1. participation, joining, collaboration. 2. (p. -aat) subscription.
    ~I <J ~1~1 stiraak ji 1-majalla
    subscription to the magazine. ~l_p..-::.1
    1..} _y.- stiraak sanawy annual subscription. 3. subscription fee, rate. ~~~)II
    t"-"J~ ~I t..? _r-ll /- 'istiraak s-sanawy

    'imyat dirhim. The annual subscription is one hundred dirhams. 4. (J~


    .!ll~l bidal stiraak) dues, participation fee.

    ""'~' stiraaki 1. social, socialistic.


    2. (p. -yyiin) a socialist.
    ~~~~ stiraakiyya

    (usually with Jl

    1-) socialism.

    .!l~ misrik (act. part. from IV .!l _r.i


    'asrak) polytheist.

    .!l~ mistarik

    (act. part. from VIII


    .!l _.;...-::.1 stirak) p. -iin 1. subscriber. 2.
    participant .

    .!l~ mistarak (p.p. from VIII .!l ~~


    stirak)
    joint, combined, collective,
    common, communal. .!l~ t_~
    balaag mistarak joint communique.
    -s'".J----!-- ~.J----i>.' jihuud miStarka
    combined efforts. 45'_r...=.il J _,_ll s-suug
    1-mistarka the Common Market. r\..o'
    .!l ~ J:zammaam mistarak communal
    bathroom . .!l p.:;.... J~ sucuur mistarak
    solidarity.
    V" ~..) ~ srks
    ~~ sarkas

    (coli.) Circassian. s.
    -i. 0~ J \rl <J vS' ~ .y fii sarkas fi
    l-'ardun.
    There are Circassians in
    Jordan.

    :.

    f"..JV" srm

    ~.r!'i 'asram p.
    upper lip is split.
    :.

    r_r. sirm

    s.o. whose

    .J..JV" srw
    IJ~ sarwaa(usually with suff.
    pron.) like, similar to. ~IJ_r. sarwaak
    like you. ~IJ_r;. sarwaahum like
    them. ~IJ.r-!" V"L.....i ~ nibga naas

    i
    I

    356

    sarwaak We want people like you, of

    your caliber.

    'I.; 4.)M
    A.

    sry

    ~.>~I

    VIII to buy, purchase.


    ~ J ~ L> _.;.....;.1 stira labarn w-cees.
    He bought meat and rice. <.,S"i <.:...:!_r...!.l \...
    r_HI ~W. ~ jS c)~ ~ rna stireet
    'ayya sayy linn kill sayy gaali 1-yoorn.
    I didn't buy anything because everything is expensive today. ~~
    t. ~ ~J yistiriik w-ybUCak b-saac.
    He's a swindler; he'll take the shirt off
    your back.
    stira

    smartness, skill. ~ . o~IJ _)>L!...;j '}


    ~~J Ia tissaatar wiyyaa. ybiicak
    w-yistiriik. Don't be smart with him.
    He's a swindler. He'll take the shirt
    off your back.

    0J~ sa{aara cleverness, smartness,


    skill.
    ~i 'astar (elat.) 1. (with if min)
    more clever, smarter than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most clever, the smartest.

    )'u

    saa{ir

    ~ ~ rnistari, rnistiri (act. part. from


    VIII L>~l stira) p. -yiin buyer,
    customer.

    [u..J~

    strnJ

    ~.>,P

    '~ stt

    '.,...;. sira

    (v.n.) buying, purchasing.

    l_r-liJ ~\1-beec w-s-sira buying and

    selling.

    rnistara (p.p. from VIII L>_r...!.l


    1. bought, having been bought.
    L> ]-!:-- ~\/-beet rnistara. The house
    2. (p. ..:...~~
    has been bought.
    rnistaryaat)
    purchased goods or
    groceries. )~.;, ~ ~ r_r-ll L>pl
    l-rnistara l-yoorn kallafni xarnsiin
    diinaar. The things I bought today
    cost me fifty dinars.
    stira)

    ,.~~ ssrn
    ~
    ~

    sasrna (more common var.


    casrna). See under f"Ji.Ci csrn.

    h-_foUl saa{uuba p. ~\_,..!> sawaa{iib


    (baby) cradle.

    L
    satt (more common var. ~
    siif). See under .JIS '-"" syf

    "1: l:. ~ S!t

    ~ satta (no p.) hardship, difficulty.


    ~ JL.,p r_HI Jlll
    }arne 1-rnaal
    l-yoorn ~aar sa!fa.
    Nowadays the

    cr.

    accumulation of wealth has become


    difficult. d.k.-;. ..:...JL.,p ~1/-rnaciisa
    ~aarat satta.
    The cost of living has
    become very expensive.

    tsaccab V to branch out, split.

    r'..U ~ ~\) 0.:..... )1 r-rasta raayba


    titsaccab giddaarn.

    str

    _)'L.:J tsaatar

    ~~ sitranj chess. ~~~ ~


    ti/Cab si{ranj? Do you play chess?

    ~t~ scb

    c~ srb

    .;1: ~

    (act. part.) p. -iin, )Uz..:;.


    sittaar clever, smart, skillful. .o )>~
    4# .....;L.i. ~ saatra. Ia txaajcateeha.
    She's clever. Don't worry about her.
    .............. ).ll\ l) _),L..;;. ~ huwa saa{ir fi
    1-rnadrasa. He's good at school.

    branch out later on.


    VI to show cleverness,

    The road will

    357

    2. nation. -.1-.rJI ...,...,...:JI s-sacb [-carabi


    the Arab people. ~ ~ .J5' 1..\.....
    ~~ haaoa killa bagg ma:flabat
    s-sacb. This is all for the welfare of
    the people.
    ~ sacbi 1. popular, folk-. J~i
    ~ 'agaani sacbiyya popular songs,
    folk songs. 2. having to do with poor,
    low income people. ~ ..:... _r-~ byuut
    sacbiyya low income housing.
    ~

    '-$~

    SiCri

    (COli.)

    kind Offish.

    SCeeb p. ~ Sicb, .Jt.,....._.:;,


    sicbaan
    small valley. _r-1..- J _;-i
    <,>L.__, 0~1 ..;..._....._, jUIJ nizal mutar
    w-ntirsat s-sicbaan maay. It rained
    and the small valleys filled up with
    water.
    .;t~ scr
    ~ sicar (/'~. yascir) (withy b-) 1.
    to sense, feel. IJL>.- r+~ . :. . _r:;. ~I
    U.y.i .:_.r--- ~ __, 1-bint carat b-inhum
    yaw yxatbuunha min 'ubuuha. The
    girl sensed that they came to ask her
    father for her hand in marriage. 2. to
    realize, notice . ..; )~ r--til-! _r:;. \...
    ma sicar b-'anhum ygasmiruuna. He
    didn't realize that they were playing
    tricks on him.

    o_r:;. cara.

    j..!_,b \_, ~) ~) ~ \..p ~ y.? c:.-.;jl


    1-bint cyuunha :jaahya w-yimiila
    w-sacarha {awiil. The girl's eyes are
    sound and beautiful and she has long
    hair. ..:..>~ ~ sacar banaat cotton
    candy. ~ ,:r ..:..> ~ byuut min sacar

    S.

    -yya.
    JlA....!. sicaar p. -aat 1. motto, slogan.

    2. emblem, distinguishing feature.


    jCjjr (coli.) barley.
    babbat SiCiir.

    sa car (coli.) hair. s.

    ~ sicir poetry. _r:;. ~ yiktib sicir.


    He writes poetry. _r:;. .:r ~ beet min
    s-sicir line of poetry. ~ _r:;. sicir
    nabati colloquial poetry.

    sacbiyya popularity.

    !)~ sacbaan Shahan, the eighth


    month of the Islamic year.

    tents (lit., "homes of camel hair").

    S. ~ ~

    sucuur (v.n. from _r:;. sicar) 1.


    feeling, awareness. 41 J_,......:;. <,>J...:.s._;....;1_,; u;,IJ cindi ucuur 'inha raayba
    twaajig. I have a feeling that she is
    going to agree. 2. capacity to respond
    emotionally. J~l L_..,. ~ JY<._;_.
    ~I
    makuur ca[a has-sucuur
    !-tayyib. Thank you for your noble
    3. sensitivity, perceptivefeelings.
    ness. )_,......:;. o.J...:.s- L..,. ma cinda sucuur.
    He has no sensitivity.
    J~

    _f-U. saacir

    p.

    I~

    sucara, yl.....;,

    si"aaciir poet.
    tt~

    CC

    t. lA....!.

    sucaac rays, beams (no known


    s.) ~It L....;, sucaac s-sams the rays
    ofthe sun.

    ;;,_;;.i 'aicca

    (p. of

    t L....;, sucaac)

    xray. ~ J..L..o ._;....;.- d..o_..;;,i .l.,.:.L; i j'-J laazim


    naaxio 'aicca hagg :jadrak. We have
    to take an x-ray of your chest. o.)~
    d..o_..;;, '.11
    ciyaadat 1-'asicca the x-ray
    clinic.

    Jt~ SCI
    ~~ sfiCal

    VIII to catch fire, flare

    358
    up, ignite, be on fire. \.i.e. ~~\ ~
    ~ Lo $ilb c-cabriit haaoa ma
    yistaci[.
    This match stick doesn't
    light. ~WI JL,.,. J 0;-ll ~ J1; ~\
    \)\_:,. 9-9aww 9all yistacif ileen rijaal
    1-mataafi yaw. The fire kept burning
    until the firemen came.
    ~

    sue fa

    .:.r ~ mooza sue fa min o-oaka.

    jjl

    p. -aat flame, blaze. 0jy

    Moza is very brilliant.

    jA-.!..a mascaf p.

    yL.;... masaacif

    I.
    lantern. 0 ~ \jl..S" <..J"'UI 0L. j .y
    ~j yL...:;.... min zamaan n-naas
    caanaw yistacimluun masaacif zeet. A
    long time ago people used oil lanterns.

    2. torch.

    ~t~ sgb
    ~u,

    saagab III to make trouble


    disturb the peace. l..i...J. ~ ~~ ~~~
    .....A..-.-.aJI daayman ysaagib fi haaoa
    $-$ajf. He always makes trouble in
    this class. ~ ~~ LS ~ tara
    ysaagib cafeek. Mind you, he'll make
    trouble for you.
    ~

    sigab

    (v.n.)

    trouble, disturbance, unrest.~ ;L.o y pi t-tarab


    $aar sigab. Merry-making became a
    disturbance.
    ~L..!..A

    msaagib (act. part. from III


    ~u saagab) p. -iin troublemaker,
    agitator.

    .;t~ sgr
    ~

    sigar (~yisgar) to be vacant,


    unoccupied. ~ ~ J ...:... _;-...:;,
    ~ ~ ...:.-o,.\j .!.WI sigrat wa9iifa fi
    !-bank. gaddamt talab cafeeha. There
    was an open position at the bank. I
    free,

    applied for it.


    ,}-U saagir (act. part.) I. vacant,
    free, unoccupied. ~~~ .}-~ 0l5:.. ~
    fii mukaan saagir oall;ziin. There's an
    open position now.
    2. (p. )'1~
    sawaagir)
    vacancy, opening. ~~

    r-

    o-l..,!..l:l-:-1 WLI.i 6.:...-JI ~ _}-I


    ,;,;-s- J&-i
    /-bank 'acfan can sawaagir l;zagg
    s-sana 1-maa/iyya 1-yidiida. The bank
    advertised vacancies for the new fiscal
    year.

    Jt~ sgl
    ~.Sigal (~yisgal)

    I. (withy b-)
    to occupy, busy s.o. with s.th. ~
    ,W\.j ~ .:.rs- ~ sigalni b-J;zaey~ can
    la$arrufaata.
    He took up my time
    talking about his problems. 2. (with
    J ~ baa/) to make uneasy, apprehensive, to disturb. ~ ._,iJI ~~I u
    JWI ~ hal-'asya ili f$iir tisgil
    /-baa/.
    These things that are happening make one uneasy. 3. to occupy,
    take up.
    ~ J ~ yisgal
    wa9iifteen. He's holding two jobs.

    ~ saggal II (less common var.


    saqqal)
    I . to employ, provide
    employment. ~1;)1 ~ (,>yi 41) ~
    saggalni wiyya 'uxuuy fi z-ziraaca_- He
    employed me with my brother in agriculture. 2. to make, let work. ~
    ~~ Jl ~~ .:.r- ysaggilhum min
    $-$ub1J 'ila f-ca~ir. He makes them
    work from the morning till late afternoon.
    3. to put to work, put in
    operation.
    0;l:---\1 Ji-=. saggil
    s-sayyaara. Start the car. y.._;.i J,l;i \...
    ~LI.I r..?J....;. ma 'agdar 'asaggil haaoi
    1-maakiina.
    I cannot operate this

    engine. J.:~l_)l ~ . ;l..:>- ~~ ~ ~

    359

    nibga nismac 1-'axbaar.


    saggil
    r-raadu. We would like to hear the
    news. Tum on the radio.
    ~~ nsiga/ VII (withy b-) to be or
    become busy, occupied, distracted
    with. ~ ~~J __,....i .Jl,b:. Lil>.- yaana
    xu(taar 'ams w-nsiga/na biihum. We
    had company yesterday and we were
    all tied up with them.
    ~~ stigal

    VIII 1. to work, to be
    busy, occupied, engaged. ~I
    ~ 4.5'.r-=JI ~ J . t.!.J.;, .Stigall dreewil
    hagg s-sarika sanateen. I worked as a
    driver for the company for two years.
    ~.r<' .:.r-" L...;) J-=-.-ll ~ i) .........J.;,i
    'adris w- 'astagil lajil 'artaah min
    $OObeen. I study and work so that I
    might be satisfied in both ways. 2. to
    run, work, be in operation. y .r (.J.J
    ~ 1.:.1 ._j .r-!- J o.Jl:--JI ruu/:1 jarrib
    s-sayyaara w-cuuf 'ioa tWagil. Go try
    the car and see if it runs. ~L..JI ~
    '-.?HI ~ ~ has-saaca tistagil cata
    1-batri.
    This watch operates by
    battery . ._;.;r ~? j:l o}.,....JI ...:..JA.:..;,1
    stag/at s-sayyaara leen {Jirabt siwic.
    The car started when I turned the
    ignition on. 3. to do business, be in
    business . .:..r-j ~ '-,?..i_., JJHI ~
    siist 1-batrool haaoi tistagil zeen. This
    gas station does a brisk business. ~

    ~ ~L, J..?') ~) ~ ~ ~\1...


    i ~I fii ma{aacim hini tistagil 'arbaca
    w-cisriin saaca fi 1-yoom. There are
    restaurants here that are open twentyfour hours a day. "-!L..,.. ~ ~
    yistagil ca[a /:lsaaba.
    He's selfemployed.
    ~ sugul I. work, job. ~ ~

    y. su

    suglak? What's your work? What do


    you do? ~..!.WI ~ jl~ ~ sug/i
    gazzaaz fi 1-baladiiya. I work as a
    surveyor for the municipality.
    2.
    workmanship. J..j ~WI LA ~ sugul
    has-saaca zeen. The workmanship on
    this watch is good. ..l...:! J.i..!. .j~~ LA
    hal-juuti S:ugul yadd. These shoes are
    hand-made. 3. business, concern. 1-U
    ~ y .r--- haaoa muub suglak.
    That's none of your business.
    ~ sag/a p. -aat piece of work, task.
    ~ .1 J.r=J ......,.,.~ lli.....!. y kill sag/a
    mi/:ltaaja Ia sruut mcayyana. Each job
    requires certain conditions.

    J~ masguul (p.p. from J.i..!. sigal)


    busy, occupied. J~ ..J!j)l 1-waziir
    masguul. The minister is busy. Yl
    J~ 1-xa(! masguul. The line is
    busy.

    ..J,J ,jM Sfr

    o safra p. -aat 1. code, cipher. 2.


    vertical edge of a sail.
    }-!;- ajar Chevrolet. ..;-.::.. :; .Jl,.sayyaara safar Chevrolet car.

    t .J,jM

    sF

    sifac (~ yisjac) intercede,


    intervene, plead. ..!.Ll ~ ..!..>L. 1.:,!
    ~ ~ 'ioa ma/:1/:lad yijac-fak
    yfannsuunak. lfnobody intercedes for
    you, they will fire you.

    cf!J tsaffac v = ~ sifac.


    ~

    safiic
    p. \...A...!. sujaca, -iin
    mediator, intercessor.
    4&-~

    safaaca (v.n. from~ Jifac)


    mediation. intercession. ~\A._.!, .!LJ \...

    360

    .JWl <.)i ~ ma-lak safaaca c;nd 'a;ya


    'insaan. No one is going to plead in
    your behalf.
    ~L!. saajc; I. Shafitic. ~~~ ~.ill
    l-maohab s-saafci the Shafitic school
    (of Islamic thought). 2. (p. -yyiin) a
    Shafite.

    ~~dM sfg

    JA.!I sifag (JA !yisfag) (with~ ca[a)


    to feel pity for, sympathize with. JA.!.
    ......:..:.; L.) J-J.:.:ll .o..# sifag ca[ee t-tindee/
    w-ma fannasa. The foreman felt pity
    for him and didn't fire him

    w...;. safaga pity, sympathy, compassion. lli..!.JI .y oJ~ 'Y) o~ .Y Lo ma jii


    c;nda wala oarra min s-safaga.
    doesn't have a bit of pity in him.

    He

    t.j~dM sfy

    sifa (~ yisfa) to be cured, be


    healed, to get well. ~) IJ...UI ~_,..;.
    ~ ..L.J-1 sribt d-duwa w-sifiit l-~amdu
    li-llaah. I drank the medicine and was
    cured, praise be to God.
    ~

    .. mustasfa (less common var.


    ~ mustasji)
    p. -yaat hospital.
    0~I ~ mustasfa f-cuyuun the
    eye hospital. ~~ ~ mustasfa
    /i-mxabbliin the lunatic asylum (also
    known as ~J~I f_ca~fuuriyya).
    <.>~1 ~ ll 1-mustasfa [-caskari
    the military hospital.

    pi

    'asgar p. _;.:;. sugur f. 1_}.:;. sagra


    blond.

    sagra p. -aat, _;.._;, sugur


    blond (f.). 2. light brown mare.

    J-!1

    sagg (~ ysigg) I. to rip, tear


    s.th. ~ ~ sagg gamii~a. He tore
    his shirt. (prov.) ~ .J\5"' ~ !$J~)
    '-!y lo yadri cmeer caan sagg ()ooba.
    Ignorance is bliss. (lit., "If Omeer had
    known, he would have ripped his
    dress.") ~ly.ul L) .....,b.;) U....::.) ..k.J-1 I~
    gira l-xatt w-sagga w-ga!{a fi
    d-draam. He read the letter, tore it up
    and threw it away in the garbage can .
    2. to cut through, construct, build (a
    road or a street).
    tJ_,..:;, J-!.i ~-LWI
    ~ ~ 1-ba/adiyya tsigg sawaaric kill
    yoom. The municipality builds streets
    every day.

    J5'

    JA.-"'

    saggag II to tear up, tear to


    pieces. ol_,.j L- ~ Y l ~ saggag
    1-xatt cugub-ma garaa. He tore up the
    letter after he had read it.

    JL.!.J tsaggag V to be tom up or torn


    to pieces.
    J-!JI nsagg VII
    ~

    sagg
    crack.
    a..G....!;. sigga

    = ~

    tsaggag V.

    p. J _,.A.-;. sguug rip, tear,


    p. ~ sigag apartment,

    flat. ~ J ~ _r-:, ~ ,r=>- ~ ~~


    s-sigga fiiha ~ijrateen noom w-maylis.
    There are two bedrooms and a living
    room in the apartment. ~I .j ~J
    rifiiji fi s-sigga my roommate.
    -

    ~J~~ sglb

    .;~~ sgr

    lp

    ~~~ sgg

    1.

    ~ saglab (~ ysaglib) 1. to
    tum things upside down, upset things.

    J5'

    tQ.....!.J\ .j ~
    ~ J .JI.Ar 0\S"' caan
    bamgaam w-saglab kill sayy fi s-sigga.
    He was furious and turned everything

    361
    J~ maskuur).

    upside down in the apartment. 2. to


    send tumbling. (_J..tll Js- ~) ~;:;
    difaCni w-saglabni ca[a d-daray. He
    pushed me and sent me tumbling
    down the stairs.

    )~ maskuur p. -iin. thanks, thank

    you (lit., "you are thanked.") 'J~


    f-L..,A;.,. tJ;;;i L.. maskuur, rna 'aduux
    Thanks, I don't smoke
    jigaayer.
    cigarettes.

    ~ tsaglab (~yitsaglab) 1.

    to be turned upside down. 2. to fall


    head over heels, tumble. ~;;;
    c_J..U\ ~ ~) difacni w-ss~glabt
    ca[a d-daray. He pushed me and I
    took a tumble down the stairs.

    'i~~ sgy

    ,jt.....:;,;

    tsaaga VI to kid around, joke


    with each other. -~~\) ~~ <.J"! _,.,.
    ~ ~; 'Y huwa bass yiSSaaga
    wiyyak. Ia tizca[ ca[ee. He is just
    kidding around with you. Don't get
    mad at him.
    ~

    siga misery, pain, suffering.


    .;L_)-1 1-/:zayaa siga.
    Life is
    difficult.
    ~

    ,_;..:;. sagi p. ~i 'asgiya I. naughty,


    mischievous. 2. rogue, scoundrel.
    iiJLG..:;, sagaawa naughtiness.
    I

    .;.:J JM skr
    ~ sikar (~ yaskur) to thank,
    express gratitude to s.o. ~ ~
    ~r
    'askurak ca[a lli sawweeta. I
    thank you for what you've done.

    Jll

    ;:._.;.i

    ~ ukur

    (v.n.) I. thankfulness,
    gratefulness. 2. thanks, acknowledgement. _f.;;, yl.::S" kitaab ukur letter of
    appreciation. o..L.:>- J ~ ..L.J-IJ ~I
    s-sukur w-1-bamd /i-1/aah wabda.
    Thanks and praise be only to God.

    i~ sukran (more common var.

    See below.

    'I'

    .;~

    :.
    I.)M

    s'kr

    "-*

    ~ akar

    (coli.) sugar. 0)-L!


    gahwa b-duun akar coffee
    without sugar .......
    i f ry.J..o ~\
    s-sakar madcuum min li-l:zkuuma.
    Sugar
    is
    subsidized
    by
    the
    government.

    .f..-.;,

    pi

    .:J .:J ~ skk


    ..!.1.-!;. sakk (..:L:..: ysikk) !. to have
    doubt, doubt. ~ c.) ..!.L;.i 'asikkfii

    I doubt your words . ..;I ..!.L;.i


    'asikk 'inna baaCir cutla. I
    doubt that tomorrow will be a holiday.
    2. to suspect, distrust. J..>.i) J5' c.) ~
    ysikk fi kill waal:zid.
    He suspects
    everyone.
    hacyak.

    ~ _?~

    ~ sakk (v.n.) p. ~ ./.{.__:, skuuk


    doubt, suspicion. ~ J )"'--! b-duun
    sakk without doubt, undoubtedly. L.
    ,.:J-:;, ....,; mafii sakk. There's no doubt.
    .:.,1 ~ maskuuk (p.p.) (usually with

    ....___,; fii)
    doubtful, uncertain. ~
    ....___,; ~ ;;:._.:.._. sayy maskuuk fii -an

    unlikely thing.
    J.:J~ ski

    ~ sakkal II 1. to form, shape,


    fashion, create. )....../~1 --,...;1; J.. I~
    sakkalaw lajna traagib 1- 'ascaar.
    They formed a committee to study
    prices. ;; _;:--:S' j5'L;.... ~ u\J...l.>.ll
    /i-mxaddaraat
    tsakkil
    masaakil

    362
    different, variegated. ~
    ~ ..::..>~}>- ca{ni J:zalawiyyaat
    msakkala. Give me different kinds of
    sweets.

    kafJiira. Drugs create many problems.


    2. to diversify, vary, variegate.~~~
    \...41
    ~ JlS""..UI if'I.JJ ~_f.-.. stireet
    sikriim w-raaci d-dikkaan sakkal-li
    iyyaaha. I bought ice cream and the
    store owner made it several flavors for
    me.

    sakkal)

    yu...

    ~ muski/a p.
    masaakil
    problem. ~c.?~ haaoi
    muski/tak.
    This is your problem.
    ~ <.>..J.....:s. cindi muski/a. I have a
    proble~. JS"L......:.ll ~ muskilat
    1-masaaki/ the most difficult, serious
    problem.

    ~ tsakkal V pass. of II ~
    sakkal.

    ~ saki/ p. J~i 'askaal 1. outward appearance, figure. ~ ~


    Jl...l.o........-1 sakla saki/ s-sacdaan. He
    looks like a monkey. r.j)l ~
    ~ -4-l:l,.l su saki/1-waziir 1-yidiid? What
    does the new minister look like? 2.
    shape, form, configuration. ~
    1..5"'"""~ saki! handasi
    geometrical
    figure. o~~~ ~ b-sakil daa'ira in
    the shape of a circle. .J~ L.. ~
    b-sakil ma yit$awwar to an inconceivable degree. 3. sort, kind, class, type.
    ~I_,.....:JI .:.,.---- J~i oy ~ hini jii
    'askaal min s-suwaahiin. Here there
    are various kinds of peregrines. \...~
    J_,.....)-1 .:r o..b:-IJ J~i Cindaha 'askaal
    waayda min li-l:zyuul. She has many
    kinds ofbracelets. J~ ~ ~i 'abga
    saki/ fJaani.
    I want another kind.
    ~1\... has-saki! like this, in this
    manner.

    ~ sakli formal, conventional.


    ~ ~j c..?L haaoi 'asya sakliyya.
    These are only formalities.

    .J .:J

    Ju

    skw

    ~~ saku?
    (Kuwaiti)
    What?
    What's there?~~ _,.)1 .J~i .:r ~ saku
    min 'axbaar 1-yoom? What's the news
    today?

    'i .:J Ju

    sky

    ~ sika (~ yiski) I. complain


    about. ~ j ~ sikaa-li canna. He
    complained to me about it (or him). 2.
    to suffer, make a complaint. ,y ~
    ~..U ..;P .r- yiski min mara{) gadiim. He
    is suffering from an old illness.
    ~I stika VIII 1. (with Js- cafa) to
    file a complaint about. ~ .o.#- ~~
    ~I Stika cafee Cind s-seex. He
    complained about him to the Shaikh.
    2. to sue, file complaint against.
    ~~ .) ~ ~I stika cafayya fi
    1-ma!:zkama. He sued me (in court).

    formalities.

    sakwa p. c.?)~ sakaawi


    complaint, grievance. ~ <.> ~ c} J
    as' _r:jl rifac sakwa cafa s-sarika. He
    sued the company.

    ~ taskii/a p. -aat assortment,


    variety, selection.

    ~ mistiki (act. part. from VIII


    ~I stika) 1. having complained,

    ~ msakkal (p.p. from II~

    filed a complaint, sued. ~ ~~

    ~~ sakliyyaat

    (no singular)

    I..S~

    363
    huwa 1-mistilci cafayya. He's the one
    who filed a complaint against me. 2.
    (p. -yiin) complainant, plaintiff.

    ~I nfa/1 VII 1. to be taken, carried

    away. 2. to be carried, lifted. 3. to be


    stolen.

    J...!. sal/

    tJ~ six
    ~ sal/ax II = ......,..i...S"" Cioab. See
    under '"=' ,j 5 cob and under J 5 cix.

    tJ~ s/C
    ~ sifac (~ yWac) to extract, re-

    move, pull out. ~ ~ ~ JL..:.,. J


    '--)_,.:., rayyaa/ li/:lyila beepa SiJac
    pruusa. An old man with a gray beard
    had his teeth extracted. ~;...UI ~
    sifac d-diriisa.
    He removed the
    window. ;L...-1.1 ~ sifac 1-mismaar.
    He pulled out the nail.
    ~sa/laC II intens. of~ sifac.
    ~ !Sa/lac V to be pulled out.
    4-o< )_,.:.,
    ...:....J...!.; SSal/aCaf kil/prUUSa.

    All of his teeth were pulled out.


    ~ safic (v.n. from~ sifac) pulling

    out, extracting, removing.

    ~tJ~ slgm

    (v.n. from~ sail) l. taking,


    carrying away. 2. carrying, lifting. 3.
    stealing.

    Ju

    .Saall (act. part. from~ sail) p.


    1. having carried, lifted. JL.;;. l..il
    ~~ H
    ..; )..L....:...a.l' 'aana saau
    $-$anduug gabil swayya. I have just
    carried the box. 2. having stolen,
    pilfered s.th. ~UI JL.!. J"' huwa saa/1
    s-saaca. He's the one who has stolen
    the watch.
    -iin

    (p.p. from J.!. sail) l.


    having been taken, carried away. 2.
    having been carried, lifted. 3. having
    been stolen.

    J..,W... masluul

    "JJ~

    s/1

    J.-!1

    sal/ (~ ysi/1) to sew by hand.


    ~j ...L..:>:-IJ J.....!..i ~ binti tSi/1 waajid
    zeen. My daughter hand sews very
    well.

    j..!JI nsall VII to be hand sewn.

    4$')\....!, s/aa/a (v.n. from j..::. sail) sewing by hand.

    'JJ~

    sa/gam (coli.) turnips. s . ....,..,)


    raas sa/gam a turnip.

    s/1

    sal/ (p ysill) I. to take, carry


    away. ~ J o;L:.j ,J... : . sal/ gsaara
    w-misa. He took his personal effects
    and left. J~ .W'j 41 _r!JI o~ sal/oo
    .r-.Sir{a linna baag. The police took
    him away because he had stolen. 2. to
    carry, lift (= JW .Saal). See under
    Jt~dM syl. 3. to steal, pilfer. Jl;} ~
    _r.-AJ-1 .:/ a.,.")U) sall'awraag w-g!aama
    min 1-l)afiiz. He stole paper and pens
    from the office.
    ~

    ~ siliil p. J-~ silaayil lap.


    (prov.) ~ .o.k>- J r ~\ !l~ }

    lo cataak s-seex marag l)u{ta b-siliilak.


    Make hay while the sun shines. Seize
    the opportunity. (lit., "lfthe Shaikh
    gives you broth, put it in your lap.")

    J':>L!;t

    .Sa/laal

    p. -aat waterfall, cata-

    ract.

    u.JJ dM

    slwn

    ~~ sloon (contraction of s-loon or

    364
    J _,J ~ su loon) 1. how, in what condition. ~..!.1; _,1..-.!:. sloonak? How are
    you? \}c.~l J_,.G sloon 1-'ahil? How's
    the family? 2. how, in what manner.
    !.\L;...,. [_).T- J p j f i \... rna ycarfs1oon
    yruul) hnaak. He doesn't know how to
    go there 3. why, for what reason?
    ~l.i....A J_,..z J _}-.;. s1oon tguu1 haaoa?
    How could you say this? ~ \... J p
    ~ ~ ~ s1oon rna bineet beet bacad?
    How come you haven't built a house
    yet? 4. what, what sort of, what kind
    of. CIJ_;JI ~ ..:.-..Q;\J ~\ .:__jj ~Jp
    s1oon?
    'inti llii waafagti ca1a
    z-zawaaj. What? You are the one
    who agreed to get married. ~ J p
    ~ ..:.-..ii ~~~ sloon l)ati haaoa?
    'inta tgasrnir. What kind of talk is
    this? You're kidding.

    IJ p
    sloon-rna however, howsoever . .L..:) L..... J~ ul:!l ..:lJ (,>".J-"i
    'asawii-lak-iyyaaha sloon-rna triid. I
    will do it for you any way you want.
    Lo

    c~~ srnl)t
    .b~ sarnl:zuut p. ~-li-' sarnaal:ziit
    very tall person. ! .J_,.6..-;. JL:.:- .J J..L::ll
    .1 ~ t-tindeel rayyaal s-{uula!
    sarnl)uu{. What a tall man the supervisor is! He's a very tall man.

    .)~~ srnr
    sarnrnari p. / ' sarnrnar or / ' ~
    bani sarnrnar large Arab tribe in the
    north of the Arabian Peninsula. ..;_ji
    ~i.f.T"""' ):) ')\)c.?/ 'inta sarnrnari walla
    doosari Are you one of the sarnrnari
    or doosari tribesmen?

    !.# /

    (jM~~ srns
    ~

    sarnrnas II to expose to the sun,


    lay out in the sun. ~ .:r-kiJ V"L.;
    ~ J-lA J ~ naas waaydiin hni
    ysarnrnsuun hduurnhurn. Many people
    here lay their clothes out in the sun.
    ~

    tsarnrnas V to bask in the sun,


    oneself to the sun. ~~
    ~).J)~\) J~..,..~\ ~ J.r -; 'illi
    yitsarnrnasuun
    hini
    1-'arnrikaan
    w-1-'urooppiyyiin. Those who bask in
    the sun here are the Americans and the
    Europeans.
    expose

    ~ sarns p. v-~ srnuus sun. ds-l....


    ~\ J ).,..-::. saacat sruug s-sarns at
    sunrise. ~~ y J~ gruub s-sarns
    sunset. ~~ ~u- gaabat s-sarns.
    The sun set. ~ ~.? (Jarbat sarns
    sunstroke.
    ~

    sarnsi (coli.) kind of pigeons.


    (s. unknown). (coli.)~~ l)abb
    sarnsi sunflower seeds. s.
    ~
    l)abbat sarnsi.

    ~ sarnsi solar, sun-. ~ ds-l....


    saaca sarnsiyya sundial. ~ rl.....?l:zarnrnaarn sarnsi sunbath. ~ ~\.1.
    taaga sarnsiyya solar energy.
    J.J~~~ srnsw1

    J~ sarnsuul p. ~11- sarnaasii/


    loose trousers (usually worn by pearl
    divers or women under the aba).

    t~~ srng

    t lJ.I
    gitra

    srnaag p. -aat headdress (o p


    is more common. See under

    ,;~t_gtr).

    365

    'J f"I.)AJa.

    I
    sm

    ~ sima/ (~ yismi/) to include,


    imply. ~.r<JI ~ .r--JI s-sicir yismil
    (1-pariiba.
    The price includes tax.
    ...,_;L>.- ~I ~ o.:l~)l z-ziyaada tismil
    1-'ayaanib. The increase (in salary)
    includes the foreigners.
    ~~ stimal VIII (with ~ cata) to
    contain, include, be made up of. ~I

    ~J rLA"-J r_r:, ~~ ~~
    s-sigga tistamil ca[a l:zijirteen noom
    w-l:zammaam w-matbax. The apartment consists of two bedrooms, a
    bathroom, and a kitchen.

    ~ samil uniting, gathering. ~~


    L...:.l1- jtimac sam/ana.
    We had a
    reunion. We got together.

    JaW

    saamil (act. part. from ~


    sima!)
    comprehensive, inclusive.
    j--L____;:, .JL......,...:,..I mtil:zaan saamil
    comprehensive examination.

    ,.J f"I.}AJa.

    l
    sm

    J~ samaal (conunon var. smaal)


    north.
    J
    J~ S:amaal sarg
    northeast. ~...UI J~ samaall-madiina
    north of the city.

    .r--=-

    JlJ.I

    samaali I. northerly wind. 2.


    ~orthern, north. JL-::.-11 ~I 1-gism
    s-samaa/i the northern section.

    t"t"~ smm
    ~

    samm (~ ysimm) to smell, sniff.


    <..)"':!\.;.:. .._? ~ sammeet S:ayy xaayis. I
    smelled a rotten thing. .1 _r- ~
    ysimm scuu{. He sniffs snuff.
    ~I

    stamm VIII

    = ~

    samm.

    ~ samm (v.n.
    ing, sniffing.

    from~

    samm) smell-

    ~udM sng
    ~ sinag (~yusnug) to hang s.o .
    (on a gibbet).~' 4.&-L... 0~ singoo
    saacat ~-~ub/:1. They hanged him early
    in the morning.

    ~ sang

    hanging. ~ 0 ~ ~'
    s-S:ang ykuun nu~,~ 1-/ee/
    walla 1-fajir.
    Hanging takes place
    either at midnight or at dawn. 1_,...s::.,..
    ~~ ~ /:likmaw ca[ee b-s-sang.
    They sentenced him to death by hanging.
    ~I ':IIJ jJJI

    ll:....!..o masnaga p. ~L.;.... masaanig


    gallows, hanging place.

    uudM

    snn

    sann (~ ysinn) to launch an


    attack, make an attack. a.... .:_r;. sann
    /:lam/a to launch a campaign. o.J\j:. .:_r;.
    sann gaara to make a raid.

    .JudM

    snw

    .P sinu

    (inter. pron.) (short for~


    sinhu or sinhaw) What? What is it?
    What do you mean? ~ ~; ~ sinu
    triid? What do you want?

    .Jt;~ shd
    ~

    sihad (~yishad) I. to testify,


    bear witness, give testimony.~
    ~~ J sihad cafee ji 1-ma/:lkama. He
    testified against him in court . ..:.U i
    'ashad-lak. I will testify for you. i
    4....(\j:. L:l Gl ~\.. 'ashad bil-laah 'inna
    lil:zyatin gaanma. I swear by God he's
    a very nice man. 2. (with ~ ca[a
    s.th.) to sign as a witness. Js-

    366

    sihad ca[a cagd z-zawaaj.

    .J~~ shr

    He signed the marriage contract as a


    witness.

    ~~

    r.j) ~

    ( IJ_;JI ~

    sahhad II to make or cause to


    give testimony . ..;.,~ . .:>\5'..UI if J4
    -..#- ~lx.- baag min d-dikkaan. sahhatt
    jamaaca ca[ee.
    He stole from the
    store. I had people testify against him.
    JAL..!J' tsaahad VI 1. to recite the
    creed to Islam. ~ .__; ~ ~ J5"
    ..u.~

    kill

    muslim ycarif keef

    yitsaahad.

    Every Muslim knows how


    to recite the creed oflslam. 2. to say
    one's last words, be near death. \... .}.t
    li..u.L..;..; o.JL:k-JI ~) gabil-ma wugcat

    !-!ayyaara tsaahadna.
    Before the
    plane crashed, we said our last words.
    ~~

    stashad X I. to die as a
    martyr. L.5'_,...ll t) ~I stashad fi
    1-macraka. He gave his life in the
    battle.
    2. (with y
    authority,
    quote

    b-)
    as

    to cite as
    evidence.

    .:>T_;.JI i f 6.:~ .;.,~I stashatt b-'aaya


    min 1-gur'aan. I quoted a verse from
    the Quran as evidence.
    ~

    sahiid p.

    I~

    suhada martyr.

    0.)~ sahaada p. ~~ sahaayid, -aat

    I. certificate, degree,
    testimony, deposition.
    JAW saahid

    diploma.

    2.

    favor.

    p. ;;, ~ shuud I. wit-

    stone.
    pointer

    The witness testified in my

    :;,4--!-

    suhhaad) head3. (p . ..u.l~ sawaahid) the


    2. (p.

    (finger).

    4.

    stihar cugub-ma tcayyan

    waziir. He became famous after he


    was appointed minister. 6.......;:l1 U'IJ
    ~I.J)4 ~

    raas 1-xeema tistahir

    b-z-ziraaca.
    Ras Al-Khaimas
    famous for agriculture.

    IS

    -*" sahar p. ~i 'ashir, )~ suhuur


    month. (,)\),.1 ~~ s-sahar 1-yaay next
    month. J->JI ~ sahar [-casal the
    honeymoon.

    sahri monthly. <.$~ J-L.....


    macaas sahri monthly salary. J~l
    <.$ ~ 'iijaar sahri monthly rent.
    r.$~

    ~R sahriyya p. -aat monthly rent.

    0-*" suhra fame, reputation.

    ~i 'ashar

    (elat.) I. (with if min)


    more famous, well-known. 2. (with
    foiL n.) the most famous, well-known,
    )~

    mashuur famous, well-known.


    .)~ o.J.rS ~'j laacib kuura
    famous soccer player.
    mashuur
    y )~ mashuur b- famous, wellknown for. \.J. .J~\.; oJ~ ~ hiili
    mashuura b- 'aa8aarha. Hili is famous
    for its ruins.

    ness. (,)l-:!1) ~ ..u.L:.J\ s-saahid sihad

    wiyyaay.

    stihar VIII to be or become


    famous, well-known. L... ~ ~~

    ~~~ shg
    ~ sihag (~ yishag)

    deeply . .)~~I

    1. to sigh

    e:: -:J ~ sihag leen

    simac 1- 'axbaar.

    He sighed deeply

    when he heard the news. 2. to burst

    (p. ..U.\_,.._..!-

    into tears, weep loudly. c).ll if~

    sawaahid) the largest bead in a prayer

    sihag min 1-fara~. He burst into tears

    rosary.

    of joy.

    367

    ,.o,.JM

    shm

    sahim

    p. -iin

    decent, noble,

    gentlemanly.

    ijo,_/M shy
    ~

    sahha II to whet the appetite, be


    appetizing. ~ JS'\11 U. hal-'akil
    ysahhi. This food whets the appetite.
    ~I stiha VIII to have an appetite
    or craving for s.th.
    ~i Lo ma
    'astihi 'aakil. I have no appetite for
    eating. ~L:ll JL.....)I ~I stihat
    r-rummaan 1-/:zaami(J.
    She had a
    craving for sour pomegranates.

    J-ST

    :i.+ . sahiyya
    '

    appetite, craving.

    UJ 1.)/J swt
    -

    :.

    ~w,

    saat (..:_.. ~ysuut) to shoot, kick


    a ball. .JWI .U.,.,. ..r. o.J_,..s:.JI ..:_..U. saat
    1-kuura b-riila 1-yisaar. He kicked the
    ball (into the goal) with his left foot.
    y..

    :.

    ...

    UJ 1.)/J swt
    ~ J~

    saawat III to argue a lot.


    ..:_.. J~J ..:_.. J~ ysaawit w-ylaawit. He
    argues incessantly.

    ~J,_/M swc

    .JJJM swr
    )L...;, saar (.J~ysuur) = .)l..;. saar(~
    ysiir) (with ~ cafa) to offer advice
    to s.o. p1 J _,..:;.i (.J) ~ JL.;. t#l
    li-mtawwac saar calayya 'aruub 'acuuf
    s-seex. The holy man advised me to
    go to see the Shaikh.

    JJU saawar III to consult with s.o.,


    ask s.o.'s advice. JL..o J U. y.i IJJJU.

    r.1==- J

    ~ J 4.......-.j

    JJL.!J tsaawar VI to consult with


    each other, deliberate. Li .JJL.:..i J ~IZ
    ~~ ~ J tgaabalna w-ssaawarna
    w-xitabna 1-bint. We met, consulted
    with each other, and asked for the
    girl's hand in marriage.

    )L.!..::....I stasaar X to consult s.o., ask


    .
    .J.....:>..i ~
    - Lo '~
    fior s.o. ,s adv1ce.
    . _

    caniid; ma yistasiir 'al:zad.


    He's
    stubborn; he doesn't consult anyone.
    o~.:...o pS"'i
    ~ i j~ ..~>-1)1/-waa/:zid

    Jll

    laazim yistasiir illi 'akbar minna.


    People should consult those who are
    older than they are.
    )~

    soor (v.n. from JL.;. saar) counsel, advice, suggestion. 1:! !IJY J_r.ll
    !I _,..i ~ Lil) ~ s-soor soorak ya yuba
    w-aana 'atiic 'amrak. The decision is
    yours, father, and I will obey you .

    oJJL.!...o msaawara (v.n. from III .JJL.;.


    saawar) consultation, deliberation.
    oJu!

    See under d .J J;. swk.

    .s_:.. L.._,

    'ubuuha
    W-$aar jisma w-na$iib
    w-xatabuuha minna. They consulted
    with her father and they were fortunate
    and asked him for her hand in
    marriage.

    saawraw

    'isaara p. -aat 1. sign, signal.


    ~1;-JI o.JL..;.l ~ .....UJi 'oogaf cind
    'isaarat t-trafik Stop at the traffic
    sign.

    o)L.!..::....I
    stasaar)
    tion.

    stisaara (v.n. from X .Jl:;.;:....l


    seeking of advice, consulta-

    ':?JL...!.::....tl stisaari
    advisory. ~
    t,?JL.::.::.....I majlis stisaari
    advisory
    council.
    )L..!.::......a mustasaar (p.p. from X Jl:;.;:....l

    368
    J\:...._.;,1 staag)
    longing, yearning,
    desirous . ..!1l JL:...;:... mistaag-lic. I have
    been longing for you (f.). I miss you

    stasaar) adviser, counselor . .JL:.::........


    lf _?-.-s. mustasaar caskari military
    adviser. ~ .J~ mustasaar
    tacliimi educational, cultural adviser.

    o.JI...i.-..JI

    .JL:.::........ mustasaar s-safaara

    the embassy counselor.

    JM.JJM

    (f.).

    J.JJM swl

    Jl_,_;;. sawwaal Shawwal (the tenth


    month of the Islamic calendar).

    sws

    ~u

    saas (coli.) muslin. s. -a piece


    of muslin.

    ".JVM

    o~ awwah II to disfigure, make


    ugly, distort, debase. """'_,ll o_,..:;..: lfy ..lJ:.I
    l-jidri ysawwih 1-weeh.
    Smallpox
    mars the face. ~~ o~ ysawwih
    1-bagiiga. He distorts the truth. Jll
    ~I ~ 0 y. _,..:;..: ..::... ly.wl 0 _,klA.:: 'flli
    yifCaa{uun 1-muxaddaraat ysawwhuun
    sumcat !-bald.
    Those who deal in
    drugs debase the reputation of the
    country .

    ;w,t..:;, saasa p. -aat (movie) screen.


    1t::J .J

    JM

    swt

    j, _,...:;.soot p . .11_,..;.1 swaat round, half,


    course (in sports and games). .1_,..:.ll
    J/:ll s-soot 1-'awwal the first round,
    the first half.

    VM swf
    .:J.J JM swk
    ~ ,J

    cwf See under ....; J ri cwf

    o~ tsawwah V pass. of II o~
    sawwah. ~ 1-! o.r-=.; 4-p.) wehha
    tsawwah b-1-camaliyya. Her face was

    .!.!~ soak (coli.) (common var. soot)


    thorns.

    s. -a .!.\ ~

    J ;i) .J.J.>- ~

    ~I tiht badir w-nixazni ooc ~-~abir.

    I fell down there and the cactus thorns


    pricked me.

    ~.JJM swg
    JL::.....!;,I staag VIII to long, yearn, have

    a desire, nostalgia. JI.:.;.IJ ~.r'i }L....


    w J->" saafar 'amriika w-staag bagg
    ha/a.
    He traveled to America and
    longed to see his family. )L....i ~I
    o~IJ staageet 'asaafir wiyyaa. I liked
    to travel with him. (4 ~I ..:1.:~ Jl Jl.:.;.i
    _,_.l:ll 'astaag 'ila oiit 1-'ayyaam
    I yearn for those pleasant
    1-bilwa.
    times.

    J~ soog p. Jl_,..;.i 'aswaag longing,


    yearning, desire.

    Jl::...!..t

    mistaag

    (act. part. from VIII

    swh

    marred by the operation.


    \

    :..

    1/ ,J I.)M swy
    ->y!- suwa (lf _,..;.: yiswi)

    to broil, grill,
    roast. l..:........i\.:.....1) ~ ~_,..;.) \..:..:..!S' kisatna
    w-suweena labam w-staanasna. We
    went on a picnic, grilled meat, and
    enjoyed ourselves. .:,;~ ~I
    s-sams suwatni.
    I got a sunburn.
    (prov.) ~_,..;.: ,;.,.JI J f i \... JJI 'illi ma
    ycarf ~-~agir yiswii. Don~t kill the
    goose that lays the golden egg.
    1.> ~I nsuwa VII to be broiled,
    grilled, roasted. ~) ~I lS _,....:..;1
    JS'~I J>- J-j}.! nsuwa l-labam w-ni}Jin
    baarziin bagg 1-'aki/. The meat was
    broiled and we are ready to eat.

    369

    t.j.,_.;...

    maswz (p.p. from c.Sy suwa)


    grilled, roasted, broiled. <..? _,....;... ~
    simac maswi grilled fish. <..? _r;... ~
    lafJam maswi broiled meat.
    "

    ':? .J '-"""
    :..

    swy

    t.jJU. saawiy p . .Jl;_,.....::. siwyaan 1.


    shepherd. 2. sheep dealer.
    'I"

    :..

    ':? .J '-"""

    swy

    ~.,.._.:;. SWGY.YG (less common var. '-? r


    swaY.Y) 1. small amount, a little, a
    few, some. ..r~ ~_,.....::. l}.J....:.s- cindi
    swayyat jluus. I have a small amount
    of money. o~ ~_,.._.::. ~ catni
    swaY.Yaf gahwa.
    Give me some
    oiJ ':1 y ~_,....__.:;.
    swaY.Yat
    coffee.
    duulaaraat a few dollars. 2. a short
    time. ~_,.....::. ~ J-J..:j ...:..-.if 'inta ddi.\:s
    cugb swaY.Ya. You enter in a little
    while. !~_,.._.::. \.:.::..._...,1 stanna swayya!
    Wait a minute! Just a minute! 3. a
    little bit, somewhat. ~r ..rJ"J reewis
    swayya. Back up a little. .Jl....<.r- y
    ~_,.....::. huwa IJ.amgaan swayya. He's a
    little mad.

    (j (j tP SY.Y

    s:.U saa' (reduced to L;. -saa- in a few


    phrases, of God) to want, wish, desire.
    11 ~L:;. .J! = ..:UIL:...il ('in)saa{{a I. God
    willing, I hope, it is to be hoped (that).
    ~ ._,..;l:;,_,., ..:UIL.;..il nsaa!!a mistaanis
    hini. I hope you are comfortable here.
    <T' _~-...UI ..:UIL:...il nsaaf!a 1-mudiir hni. I
    hope the director is here. 2. (as a
    response to a request or a command)
    yes, gladly, willingly. !_~-L:ll ~
    Check the tire!
    cayyik t-taayir!
    yes,
    certainly. ~L;. \....
    !..:UIL.;..;I nsaa!!a!
    11
    111_..::.\.... maasaaffa (lit.,
    intended.")
    3.
    "whatever God
    (expresses a great amount, quan~ity, or
    number) ~L..S"' ~) ..r_,_J.; t""~ ..:iliL:;.\....
    ..:_,\.5"_r-';-) mGGSGG{{a Cjndhum j!UUS
    w-dikaakiin w-sarikaat. They have a
    lot of wealth, stores, and companies.
    4. (expresses surprise, astonishment,
    etc.)
    Great!
    Wonderful! Bravo!

    ~ ..:..>~ ~ J)~l

    ..:,..i.._,:. 1u1L..::.\....

    maasaa{{a xaoat 1-'uula cafa banaat


    :fafjha.
    Great! She ranked "first"
    among students of her class.

    '"=" 'i tP yb

    ~ sayy p. L,.::.f 'aSya I. thing . ..:.r.!) ~


    sayy zeen good thing.~~ ~ tibga
    sayy?
    Do you want anything? L...
    ~'-?~rna Cindi sayy. I don't have
    ~nything. ? I ~ nafs s-.\:ayy the
    same thing: ~I ~ bac{J s-sayy to a
    certain degr~e, a little. ~I ~
    tl;assan baC{J s-sayy. He improved a

    ..:r-J.

    little. 2. something ~ ~ .J ~
    yibt-la sayy yibgaa. I brought him
    something he wanted. ~ t,? sayy
    cajiib something strange.

    yU. saab (~ ysiib) to grow old,

    become an old man, become grayhaired.


    (prov.) o);, ) yl....::. L... ~
    ._,..,L___:SJI cugub-ma saab waddoo
    1-kullaab.
    You cannot teach an old
    dog new tricks. (lit., "After he had
    become an old man, they sent him to
    school.")

    II = yU saab. JL,. J
    ~ .~ .:>y rayyaal cood Cibiir.
    ayyab. He's a very old man. He got
    ~ ayyab

    old.

    370
    ~

    seeb grayness of the hair, gray or


    white hair.

    became
    things.

    siis p. _;,y syaas 1. skewer. 2.


    metal rod or bar.

    seeba p. yl_,_;. suwwaab old


    man. o4. ~\J ~ ~ )'--! p>-i LiT
    'aana axbar bU Cali Seeba W-/-Ca$a
    b-yadda. I know that Abu Ali is an
    old man and he carries a cane.

    Cl.j~ syx
    seex p. CP syuux 1. Shaikh,
    leader, head (of a tribe). ~lj p 1
    s-seex zaayid Shaikh Zaid. ~ \l,.,
    .r"IJ..l..ll haaoa seex d-duwaasir. This
    is the leader of the Dosaris (tribesmen
    of the Dosari tribe). 2. ruler (of a
    country) ~~ ~ ~ J _ra.AJI ...:,...;.- J
    ribt l-ga$ir w-sallamt cafa s-seex. I
    went to the palace and greeted the
    ruler. 3. religious scholar or teacher.
    4. senator. t~l ~ majlis s-syuux
    the senate. t~l s-syuux the Shaikhs
    (members of the ruling family).
    ~

    seexa p. -aat Shaikh's wife,


    sister or relative. ~\.,; ~\ s-seexa
    faatma Shaikha Fatima (the ruler's
    wife).

    ;;_,;._H seexuuxa old age, senility.

    ..JI.j ~ syr
    siyar (coli.) trees. s. o,._.;. Syara
    p. -aat. jy o,._.;. syarat mooz banana
    tree . .:.>WI~~ ul,._.;. ~ ~..1..:>
    cindahum XQmS SyarQQ{ Cjnab ji
    1-bistaan. They have five grape vines
    in the orchard.
    ~

    JMt.J jM
    .._;;.u

    ~ siisa p. ~~ 'isyas bottle,


    flask. J J~ ~ siisat batrool gas
    station.

    '-? _, ~ siisaawi l. of glass, having to


    do with glass. 2. (p. -yyiin) one who
    makes or sells bottles. 2. (coll.) fish
    (also known as ~l.., $aafi rabbitfish) .
    s. -yya p. -aat.

    uJg l.j ~

    saas (~ ysiis) to be or become furious, angry. ~ ~u J _;,~...:;,


    y ~~ saas w-gaam ykassir !- 'asya. He

    sytn

    ~ tseetan (~ yitseetan) to

    rascal. ':1 !....,--!


    J...L..A: ...G-L... -~ bass! Ia

    behave like a little


    ~

    tisseetan.
    mabbad yigdar cafeek.
    Enough! Don't behave like a little
    rascal. Nobody can control you.
    ~Lk::-..:0. siitaan p. ~~ siyaatiin 1.
    devil, demon.
    2. little rascal,
    mischief-maker. 3. wise guy, smart
    alec.

    tt.J ~ syc
    t... u saac

    (~

    ysiiC) to spread, become known or widespread. ,P-1 t. \. .:;,


    i.J"UI ~ saac l-xabar been n-naas.
    The news item spread among the
    .\ t,U
    people. ~ ~~~ Jl~uljl.,.. 'jl saac sfiCmaall-kombyuutar fi
    l-'imaaraat. The use of computers has
    spread in the Emirates.

    sys

    furious and began to break

    sayyac II (o jUI ~ sayyac


    l-janaaza) to attend a funeral procession, attend a funeral. LJ-:!..l>.-IJ ._,..Li
    .....; j\..;.;.,. \~ naas waaydiin sayyacaw
    janaazta. Many people attended his

    37I
    five passengers. 3. to carry on one's
    person, wear, bear. 1..1"-l..-e ~ J...l.Qj L.

    funeral.
    ~~ s-sUCa the Shiites (the branch
    of Muslims who recognize Ali as
    Prophet Muhammad's successor).

    You

    sUCi I. Shiitic. ~~ ...,_.,..UI


    1-maohab s-sUCi the Shiitic religious
    creed. 2. (p. ~ siica) a Shiite.
    suyuuci

    ~see/

    'isaaca

    (v.n.)
    spreading,
    2. (p. -aat)
    circulation of news.
    rumor, gossip.

    ~
    y

    sayyak II (more common var. II


    cayyak). See ~ 'i ti cyk.
    -aat check. ~~ u ~
    rj $iraft s-seekfi /-bank. I cashed

    ~seek p.

    seek b-duun ra$iid

    uncovered check.

    pick up. 01..r.J.I ~ ~ J .h:..!JI ~

    siil s-sina{ w-butthum cafa 1-miizaan.


    Lift the suitcases and put them on the
    2.

    to carry, transport.

    JL:.

    o}.:-....JI J! J:,L..,6JI J J.J.;.,.p saa/ $anduug


    t-tamaat 'ila s-sayyaara.
    the

    He carried
    box of tomatoes to the car. L.a.

    ~.Y ~ ~ ~~ hat-taksi ysiil


    xamas cibriyya.

    saa/1

    JLA.ii

    ~ t-taksi saayil xamas '~nfaar.

    bra.
    ~

    :.

    (,j (.)M sym


    siima

    good moral character,


    integrity, magnanimity, virtue.

    saal (~ ysiil) I. to lift, raise,

    scale.

    (v.n.) I. lifting. 2. carrying.

    Ju

    Jc.j dM syl

    Ju

    0jJ.) o~

    J~ sayyaal p. -aat I. suspenders. 2.

    the check at the bank.~~...::,..~


    seekaat siyaabiyya traveler's checks.
    ~ J 0 )~ ~

    .Jlp.-

    The taxicab is carrying five people. 2.


    carrying on one's person, wearing.
    bearing. ~!.l~IJ 1..1"_,1; .}L::. saayi/jluus
    wiyyaak? Do you have any money on
    you?

    clc.j OM syk
    ~I

    concealed

    (act. part. from JL;;. saal)


    (common var. .}L.::. saayil)
    I.
    carrying, transporting. .}L:. ~~

    syk

    burdened with worry . ..G:-IJ '-"' p ~


    ol-:!IJ ysiil jluus waayid wiyyaa.
    He
    (usually) has a lot of money on him.
    4. to leave, change location, change
    residence. 0L. j .:,re I_,JL:. saalaw min
    zamaan. They left a long time ago.

    ~~~ s-suyuuciyya communism.

    'clc.j OM.

    carry

    cinda darzan yihhaal. ysiil hamm


    Cibiir. He has a dozen kids. He is

    I. communist,
    communistic. if'~\ 141 1-mabda
    s-suyuuci the communist ideology. 2.
    (p. -yyin) a communist.

    ~L.!i~J

    cannot

    revolver.~~~

    ._r~

    rna tigdar tsiil musaddas xifya.

    This taxicab carries

    'u(,j OM. syn

    ~ seen I. bad.~ )IIJ ,y..j ,~.o...::.i


    'astirii, zeen walla seen. I'll buy it,
    good or bad. 2. ugly. (prov.) ,y..)l
    ~

    _,J

    ~ ~\J vL. if ..W } ,y..j

    0 y.~ 'z-zeen zeenin lo gicad min


    manaama w-s-seen seenin /o gassa/
    b-$aabuun. A leopard cannot change
    his spots.

    372

    "'u l.j

    :.
    I.)M

    syn

    siin

    J .J l.j ~
    name of the letter._} s.

    sywl

    J~ seewil p. -aat shovel.

    [I~ $aaj

    [.LoP $aaj (coll.) thin sheets of metal.


    s. -a.
    ~L..P

    $aaja p. -aat bread tin, baking

    tin.
    .ll~

    $aac

    t. l.......o'

    $aac p. ..J~ $UCaan grain


    measure (approx.) 2Y:z kilograms. \...p
    t. ~ $aac b-$aac tit for tat. t. L,.:..ll Jt$"'
    ~~ kaal h~aac b-$aaceen to pay
    s.o. back twofold.

    t.

    $aalwn

    sayyaara $aaloon.

    u.JJ I~

    L..... ni}:zin ma naakil

    We don't eat snails .

    $abbal:z n, to bid s.o. good


    morning. !_r..-3-4 Alii ~ $abba}:zk
    'a/fa b-1-xeer! Good morning! L...,.,.
    l....;# ~) yaa W-$abba}:z cazeena. He
    came and said, "Good morning," to us.
    ~i 'a$ba}:z IV to be or become in the
    morning. ~_,...)I ~i ~ ceef
    'a$ba}:zt 1-yoom? How are you this
    morning?
    ~

    iJ _,}LoP $aaloon p. -aat six-passenger


    car, more commonly known as o.Jt,....
    ..J _,ll.p

    j5'L....;

    [.JJL..P $aaruuj (coll.) roof sealer.

    IJ~ $abbaan (coli.) snails. s. -a.

    c~~ $bJ:z

    $aarwj

    'u.JJ I~

    $bbaan

    ,~-$abbaan.

    $aad name of the letter ...r' $.

    [.J..J I~
    t1~

    u II.:' I.:' ~
    ..J~I

    $aad

    ~ L..P

    $ibiib dish made from dough,


    onions, and shortening.

    $Ub}:z daybreak. ~I ~L.... saact


    $-$ubl:z at dawn. ~~ o')\.....o $alaat
    J-,wb}:z the morning prayer (at dawn) .
    $abaal:z morning. c_ WI ~ _,.,11
    1-yoom $-$abaa}:z this morning. c_ ~I
    $-$abaa}:z in the morning. ji-!JI ._}...\,!
    c_ ~I yidiss s-sugul $-$abaa}:z. He
    goes to work in the morning. ..?~
    c_ ~I baaCir $-$abaa}:z tomorrow
    morning. ~I c_ ~ $abaa}:z 1-yimca
    Friday morning. (prov.) c_4.J c_~l
    $-$abaa}:z rabaa}:z. The early bird gets
    the worm.
    C.~

    $aalwn

    L _,JL..P $aaloona soup. ;;,_; _,J~...p ..:.-.


    ~ J kaleet $aaloona w-simac. I ate
    soup and fish.
    ~~~ $bb

    1..:-1' $abb (~ Y$ibb) to pour, pour


    out. ~..I,! I ~ (,>Lll ....,_.,., $abb 1-maay
    cala 'iideeni. He poured the water on
    my hands. ..Jl.C ~I ~ (,>L!JI ....,_.,., $ibb
    c-caay ji li-stikaan. Pour the tea into
    ~ibb-li
    the tea cup. o~ .)\.>....:.!
    finyaan ghawa. Pour me a cup of
    coffee.

    J . . ,_.,., .

    L..;..~

    $baa}:za money or gift a


    bridegroom gives to his bride on the
    morning of the wedding day.

    374

    t~~ $bX
    ~

    l,j~~ $by
    ~

    $abxa unfertile, alkaline soil.

    '

    ..)~~ $br
    ~

    $ibar

    (~ya$bir)

    to be patient,
    wait patiently. ~ ~~ J.-..- J ~
    $ibar w-}:zassa1 illi yabgii. He was
    patient and got what he wanted. !.fr"'l
    !~ 'i$bir! $abir! Be patient! Wait a
    minute! ..UJ ~l..>.-J ~ ~ ..:.J.fr"'

    $barat xamas siniin w-yaabat wa1ad


    She waited for five years until she had
    a baby boy.

    r-

    $abbar II to make s.o. wait.


    !J~~~ su lliy$abbirni!There's

    nothing that can make me wait!

    $abir (v.n. from ~ $ibar)


    patience.
    (prov.) C_,..All c_ L..:..L. ~I
    $-$abir miftaa}:z 1-faraj. Patience is the
    key to a happy ending. y y.i .fr"' $abir
    'ayyuub the patience of Job.
    _p--1'

    _~-Lop $aabir. (act. part.) p. -iin patient,


    enduring. J.UI ~ ..r.L..,.:. $aabir ca1a
    enduring humiliation.

    o-oull
    y

    ..)~~ $br

    Jl,..P $baar drink made from tamarind.

    $Ubic p. t..H""" $buuc, C:-!1-"""


    $UWaabic finger. (prov.) .!.l..l.:! C:-!l.r"
    o.L...>-IJ y _,...,. $UWaabic yaddak muub
    wa}:zda. Your fingers are not the same.
    ~

    Different strokes for different folks.


    ~

    $Ubic reel toe.

    u~~ $bn
    ~J!L....p

    $Wbn.

    ~~

    0~

    -aan young boy,

    $byaaniyya childish actions.

    l:, 1,j ~ ~ $bY!


    ~ $beeti (coli.) kind of fish. s.

    -yya.

    uI ":t ~

    $paan

    a.Jt,..P $paana (common var. sbaana) p.


    -aat wrench, spanner.
    ~(i~ $Cm
    :i

    $acma p.

    $icam ball

    bearing.
    ~c~ $l:zb
    ~L.p $aa}:zab III I. to be or become
    a friend with s.o. ~ pS""i ~~ ~L,p
    $aa}:zab yamaaca 'akbar minna. He
    became friends with a group older
    than he was. 2. to associate with s.o.
    ~ ~~ .....,....,...~ y$aa}:zib illi yiskar.
    He associates with those who drink
    wme.

    ~L.., $aa}:zib p. yl....,pi 'a$}:zaab l.


    friend, associate. l..>.- ~~i ,y ~~J
    <.>~'J

    t~~ $be

    j>-- J

    $bayy p.

    lad.

    waa}:zid min 'a$}:zaabi ya wiyyaay.

    One of my friends came with me. 2.


    owner, holder, possessor. ~L..,.,
    0U...UI $aabib d-dikkaan the shop
    owner. U~l ....,....,...L.....o $aa}:zib 1-ja1aa/a
    p. U~l yl....,pi 'a$~zaab 1-ja/aa/a His
    Majesty. c.:;.J--1 ....,....,...L,.:. $aa}:zib 1-}:zagg the
    one who is in the right. r-JI ~I..,..

    $aabib s-sumuww His Royal Highness.


    $aabuun see under u'":'J~

    cc~ $/:ll:z
    ~ $G/:I}:z (~ y$i/:ll:z) 1. to be true,

    375

    JJI

    correct. ~ Lo .J~
    'i//i tguula ma
    What you say cannot be true.

    l)ilaf yamiin w-gaa/ $-$al)iil). He took

    ~ ~ L... ~~ ~ l~l 'ioa y#M


    1-xabar ma fii muskila. If the news is

    ~i 'a$al)l) 1. (with .:.r min) more


    correct, complete than. 2. (with foil.
    n.) the most authentic, reliable.

    y~il)l).

    correct, there will be no problem. 2.


    (with J /-) to be found by s.o., come to
    s.o. ~j a..___.;J; J .W ~ $OI)I)at-la
    wa{Jiifa zeena. He got a good position.
    3. to give a chance, allow an
    opportunity. ~L....;~IJ ~ ..!Ll ~
    y$il)l)-lak tiyi wiyyaana? Will you
    have a chance to come with us?

    c_J) J ~

    L... .J ~I . ...1.>.-IJ J_,.;...;.-.


    masguul waayid. smal)-li. ma y$al)l)-li
    'aruul). I'm very busy. Please excuse

    me. I don't have the time to come. Lo


    ,JL....,;:a....J ~

    l) ~ ..!Ll ~ ma
    nal)l)-lak tiftir fi sahar rum{Jaan. you
    are not allowed to break your fast
    during the month of Ramadan.
    ~

    II to correct, grade,
    mark. ,JL..:....:;..':lfl ~ ~l.:.......\'1/-'ustaao
    $al)l)al) li-mtil)aan. The teacher has
    graded the exam.

    $OI)I)al)

    ~ $il)l)a I. health. 4.....:>......:1 o)jJ


    wazarat $-$il)l)a the ministry of health.
    4....:-:j ~ $il)l)ta zeena. He's in good
    health. 2. truth, validity.
    ~

    I. wholesome, healthy.
    JSI 'ikil haaoa. :;i/:zbi. Eat

    $i/:z/:zi

    ~ .l..i....;.

    this. It's wholesome.


    2. sanitary,
    hygienic. ~ y _y .(,)lll U. y ~ ':lf
    Ia tisrab hal-maay. muub $il)l)i. Don't
    drink this water. It's not sanitary.
    ~

    $a/:ziil:z true, correct, right.


    ~al:ziil:z raaf:zat

    ~!l~IJ ...:.-...;.-I.J ~

    wiyyaak? Is it true that she went with


    you? ~ y .r--- '':l' Ia, muub ~a/:zii/:z.
    No, it's not true. ~I J~.; J 0:-'.

    .....J.>.

    an oath and told the truth.

    C: .......AJ fa$/:ziil) (v.n. from II


    $al)l)al:z) correction, correcting.

    .JC~ $hr
    I~

    $al)ra p.

    <$.J~,;.._p

    $a/:zaari desert.

    !.iJI~

    $al)raawi desert, desolate.


    ~JI.?'--"' ~1) 'araa{Ji $OI)raawiyya
    desert lands.

    o)I~ $al)l)aara see o.J~,;.._p sal)l)aara


    under .J C ~ sl)r.

    -Jc~

    $w

    ~ $OI)iifa p. ~~,;.._p $OI)aayif 1.


    page, leaf(ofa book, etc.).~~
    $a/:ziifta bee{Ja. He has a clean slate. 2.
    (p. ~ $UI)uj) newspaper (<>~.r=
    jariida is more common).

    :i,j~ $OI)aaja
    U\.;.._p

    1. journalism . ...r'.J-4
    yidris $al)aafa. He's studying

    2. the press. OJb.....a.ll ~.r


    l:zurriyyat $-$a/:zaafa the freedom of the
    press.

    journalism.

    ~~ $al)aafi 1. journalistic, press


    (adj.). l)~ _;-1_;.. mu'tamar ~af:zaafi
    press conference. 2. (p. -yyiin, -yya)
    journalist, reporter.
    ~ mu~l:zaf p . ......A>-~ ma$aal:zif
    copy, edition of the Quran.

    uc~ ~l:zn
    ~ ~af:zan (less common var. ~af:zin)

    p. J ~ ~ul:zuun plate, dish.


    J ~I gisalt

    ..:.J....J:.

    $-~ul:zuun. I did the

    376

    tt~

    '. .

    hand black.

    dishes. ~ ~ ~aban cees plate of


    rice.

    ~ t~axxam

    to be blackened.
    u _,.J:-1 ,y o~ ~ t~axxamat yadda
    min c-cuula. His hand got dirty from
    the stove.

    cc~ ~xx

    ~ ~axx (~ y~ixx)

    to hold, hold

    s.th. forth. 4.-...:LI ~ ~I /-gee~


    li-bmisa. The pearl diver held the
    turtle.

    ~axx

    'I'.
    cc~ ~xx

    ~\.:liL.p ~xaam

    ~ ~axxan

    (less common var.


    ~ saxxam) to heat, warm s.th.
    <,?Lll ~ ~I s-sams t~axxin
    1-maay. The sun heats the water.
    <,?Lll ~ r_.,~yoom
    (prov.) ~...UI
    ~axxanna
    1-maay
    sirad d-diic.
    Forewarned is forearmed. (lit., "When
    we heated the water, the rooster ran
    away.").

    1. stillness, quiet, calmness. 2. heavy rain.

    ..JC~ ~xr

    ~ ~axar

    o~

    JL>.. r

    ~ ~axar

    marjaani coral rocks. J.!..o l)""!~ "-'IJ


    ~~ raasa yaabis mi81 ~-~axar. His
    head is as hard as rocks. o~I
    ~-~axra, o~I ;y gubbat ~-~axra the
    Dome of the Rock.

    4i ~ ~xuuna fever, temperature.


    ~

    Jt~ ~xf
    ~

    ~ixiif

    1. narrow. ._,.., J:. 1-Lo.


    o)::--.....JI ....:... ..;..~ J...lZ L. \~ haaoa
    darb ~ixiif; ma tigdar tfuut minna
    s-sayyaara. This is a narrow alley; the
    car cannot go through it. 2. skinny,
    thin. JL..JI ~ ~ixiifs-saag thinlegged.

    ~ ~axal p. J~ ~xuul young


    goat, kid. f. ~ ~xala (prov.) J _,.kJI

    ~ ~ J-..WIJ Ui J_,k !-tuul tuul


    nxa{a w-f-cagil cagil $Xala. The body

    of a man and the mind of a child.

    fC~ ~xm

    m$axxan (p.p. from II~


    ~axxan) p. -iin feverish, hot, running a
    temperature. ~~ ly ~~ .J-->-..UI
    ~,.) ~f -...:......S" d-daxtar cataani
    duwa linni Cint marii{J w-m~axxan.
    The doctor gave me medicine because
    I was ill and running a temperature.

    'iC~ ~xy
    ~

    Jt~ ~xi

    ~axxam

    II

    to blacken, besmudge. o..l....,! ~ U ~I c-cuula


    $axxamat yadda. The stove made his

    II

    :.r-

    (coli.) rocks, boulders. s.

    ~xara.

    soot.

    ut~ ~xn

    ~ ~axxa

    ~ixi

    p. -yyiin generous, hospita-

    ble . ...L.>-IJ j5" r~ ....l>.IJ ~ lfJ~I


    li-bdiwi ~ixi waayid. yikrim kill
    waabfd. A Bedouin is very generous.
    He honors every person.
    OJ~ ~axaawa generosity, hospitabil-

    ity. ;;J~u~L..;;J~~
    ba~$alt
    $axaawa
    ma
    bacdaha
    was
    treated
    very
    I
    ~axaawa.
    generously.

    377

    I J~ $daa
    $ida (coli.) sardines. s. oi..L.,.::> $daa.
    1-L,.JI tl.,_;i -:r---i ~ ..J-:!_r-All ri 'umm
    1-giiween fiiha 'ahsan 'anwaac $-$ida.
    Umm Al-Qaiwain has the best sardines.
    I.L..,p

    J~ $idj (v.n.) (less common var.


    $idg) truth, truthfulness. ~! J_rA:! L..

    J..L.<JI ma yguul 'illa $-$idj. He tells


    nothing except the truth. ..!Li! J..L..<o
    ~~ .;....A...::. $idj 'innak cift s-seex? Is it
    true that you have seen the ruler?

    J-!...L.,p $idiij (less common var. $adiig)


    friend. p. u..L.,.::>i 'a$diga.
    $dr

    )~

    $idar (.J~ ya$dur) 1. to be


    issued, be handed down. ~I .J..L.,.::>
    u--"i rl~)'~ ~ $idar l-hukum ca[ee
    b-l-'icdaam 'ams. The death sentence
    was issued against him yesterday. 2.
    to originate, stem, arise. i f .J..L.p /'\11
    <.f..r-----\11 l.JI~..Lil 1-'amir $adar min
    d-diiwaan l-'amiiri. The order came
    from the Emiri court.
    3. to be
    published, to come out. ~UI I,S"L...i
    ..;_,.J..L..<o l.JL-:.. ~I .) 'asaami n-naaji/:liin
    fi li-mtil)aan $idrat. The names of
    those who passed the examination
    were published. 4. to be sent out, go
    out. _r--::11 .)~ 0_y..Lil yl..k.>- xi{aab
    d-dacwa $idar 1-yoom. The letter of
    invitation went out today.

    II I. to export. J J~
    L..JI JS' ~ J J~ .J..l...,aj
    duwal
    1-xa/iij 1$addir batrool l)agg kill
    1-caalam. The Gulf States export oil to
    )J-.,p

    Pt

    $aadar III to confiscate, seize.


    .s.......S"'")L.i ...:..> .J~l.._.p Lo
    li-hkuuma
    ,madarat 'amlaaka. The government
    confiscated his property.
    )~l...p

    c::J~ $dj

    .;J~

    the whole world. 2. to issue, put out,


    publish. ~ .r-IJi ...:..>.J..L..<o LA
    ..,_.;w.,. \11 li-hkuuma $addarat 'awaamir
    b-tasfiir l-'ayaanib. The government
    issued orders for the deportation of
    foreigners.

    $addar

    #'

    p1

    1$addar V to be exported . .JJ....,a1


    6..:........ll <.fL ...l....>.-IJ JJfi f$addar batrool
    waayid haaoi s-sana.
    A lot of
    petroleum was exported this year. 2.
    to take the best seat, have the front
    seat. ~~ .JJ....,a1 ~)I r-ra'iis f$addar
    1-maj/is. The president sat in the best
    place in the group.
    )J.....aJ

    )~

    $adir 1. (p . .J)..L.p $duur) bosom,


    breast. .J..L..,4)1 C::-"'J waasic
    $-,~adir open-minded, liberal. c.~'
    o.J..L.p nsira/:l $adra. He was pleased. 2.
    (p. )..L.,.::> $daar) poop deck.

    chest,

    4......U...L.,p $adriyya p. <.f)..L..<o $adaari


    apron, bib.
    )..L......,a.A ma$dar p.
    origin, source .

    .J~L..,a...

    ma$aadir

    .;-~..J-aJ

    la$diir (v.n. from II .J..L..<o


    $addar) exporting, exportation. ojl>.-l
    ~lp:;....-.....IJ .r--.!..l...,aj
    'ijaazat la$diir
    w-stiiraad export-import license.

    oJ.)l.....,.:.A mu$aadara (v.n. from III .J~l....:>


    $aadar) confiscation, seizure.
    ).)L..p $aadir (act. part. from .J~
    $idar) I. (with i f min or ,y- can) having been issued or handed down from.
    2. outbound, going out (letters, etc.)

    378

    o.)~~ :jaadira out-going mail section.


    ..::...\J.)l._.p :jaadiraat exports, export
    goods.

    m:jaddir (act. part. from II J..~..,.:>


    :jaddar)
    1. exporter.
    2. having
    exported. 0~ ~ L..:J oy.L.,a.o 0~\J:.I
    ;; J~ l-jaabaan m:jaddra la-na nU$$
    malyoon sayyaara. Japan has exported
    .)J.....,a.o

    to us half a million cars.

    :jaddae II

    to trouble, bother,
    harass. ~IJ t. ~ :jaddae raasi. He
    gave me a headache.

    :jdf

    J~~

    :jaadag III to befriend s.o. L.


    rna tigdar t:jaadig
    lmayya hni. You cannot make friends

    ~ ~ J.)L....a; J..I.A.i

    with a girl here.

    J..L...aJ f$addag V 1. pass. of II J..t....:>


    :jaddag. r~I ..;_j..L.,ai u;_,)1!-wa(}iiga
    l:jaddagat 1-yoom. The document "Yas

    t \..Lop $Udaae headache.


    JJ~

    J~ :jaddag
    I. to believe, trust s.o.
    .U ...::.....>- J L... ~~~ Jl ,(}..~..,.:> :jaddigni,
    'ila oal}.ziin rna ri}.zt-la. Believe me, up
    to now I haven't gone to see him. 2.
    (with ~ ea[a) to endorse. J..L,a.i rj'Y
    ~L ~ _,JI ~ /aazim l:jaddig eafa
    l-wa8iiga haaoi. You have to endorse
    this document.

    J~L.p

    tJ~ $de

    t~

    what they say .

    :jaadaf III 1. to coincide with,

    endorsed today.

    2. to give alms. Lc_b

    I_,..A..JI ~ J~

    ,_p~ .)-!. ......;.)~ ~1[-eiid y:jaadif

    daayman yit$addag
    ea[a l-fugara. He always gives to the

    yoom miilaadi. The feast will coincide

    poor.

    with my birthday . .....;.)l.....a.! 0l.a.-J JJi


    ;w..J.-1 rj-!. 'awwal rum(Jaan y:jaadif
    yoom 1-yimea. The first of Ramadan
    will fall on a Friday.

    J~L..aJ

    occur with, fall on (a certain date).

    J~ :jadaf (coli.) s.

    u..L.,.:. :jdifa

    1.

    seashells. 2. mother-of-pearl. ~~~


    ......;..~_..., L,l.u stireet hadaaya $adaf I
    bought gifts made of mother-of-pearl.
    U..L.p :judfa p. ...j-L,.:o $Udaf chance,
    coincidence. G..L..a.l4 b-$-$Udfa by
    chance. o..L..a.J4 ~ cijitta b-$-:jUdja.
    I saw her by chance.

    ~J~ :jdg

    J..L..p $idag (J~ ya$dig) to be truthful, tell the truth . .) J~ rj'J 0W~I
    .U_,A.! ~I l- 'insaan laazim ya:jdig fi lli
    yguula. People should tell the truth in

    friends

    l:jaadag

    VI to be or become
    with each other. o..Lo Li~l..aj

    6.......L:_,1 l:jaadagna mudda (awiila. We


    were mutual friends for a long time. 'i
    )r-~\ l,IJ J.)l....a.::i [a ti!j!jaadagwiyya
    l-'asraar! Don't make friends with bad
    people.
    J~ $idg (more common var. [..L..:>

    $idj) see under [

    .J

    $dj.

    O..L.p :jadaga alms, charity. j '-i..L.a.l 1

    ~I ~J ':}.__,~I

    :j-:jadaga fi !- 'is/aam

    rube f-eusur. Alms tax in Islam is one


    fourth of a tenth.
    4ii..L.p :jadaaga friendship.
    ~..Lop :jadiig (more common var. (;!...l..P
    :jidiij) p. u..~...,.oi 'a:jdiga friend.

    J~i 'a:jdag (elat.) 1. (withy min)

    379

    frank with me.

    more truthful, honest, sincere than. 2.


    (with foll. n.) the most truthful, honest,
    sincere.
    ~..l...,aj'

    ~addag)

    ~'r' ~araa~a

    1. openness,
    frankness . .!Ll L. t.....>-l.r" ~ ..:ll J,;i
    ~ ~ 'agul-lak b-kill ~araal:za
    ~a-lak sugul hini. Let me tell you
    frankly, there's no work for you here.
    2. clearness, distinctness.

    ta.~diig (v.n. from II J...L....,.:>


    endorsement, verification.

    J~L..P ~aadig (act. part. from J...L....,.:>


    ~idag)

    (more common var. C:: .:.L..,.,


    ~aadj) p. -iin truthful, sincere.
    ~oJ~ ~drn
    L~

    (common var. ~j
    zacrna and ;U,.;..,; nasla) common cold.

    'i oJ~

    ~adrna

    J /-)

    1. to op-

    ~aaruux

    rnwajjah guided missile.


    tJJL....,.. i...l-!.rP (Jrabaw $Garuux. They
    fired a missile. 2. male prostitute.

    '

    ,;,;~

    (~ y$irr)
    1. to insist, be
    persistent. t::'J.rJI ~ _,.-P $Grr ca[a
    z-zawaaj. He insisted on getting married. 2. to resolve, make up one's
    mind. ~I (.J.I- ...;\ ,)>- .r" $Grr ca[a
    'inna yruul:z 1-gana$. He resolved that
    he would go hunting.

    ~arra~

    II to make an announcement, declare. ~ ~4 (..r"" ~~


    s-seex $Grra~ b- 'asya muhimrna. The
    ruler made an announcement about
    important things.
    frankly to s.o. JJ~ ~ JL.a.i Lo ...H
    lee rna t\wari~na b-lli $Gar?
    Why don't you speak frankly to us
    about what has happened? 4:-- JL,.:.
    or-! $aaraf:z/:la b-sirra. He disclosed
    his secret to her.
    ~.r' $arii~

    o.r"

    1. frank, candid. 0 '


    <?~'-' e7-~ kuun $arii~ wiyyaay. Be

    ~urra p. J.r" $Urar, -aat 1. cloth

    bundle, packet. 2. navel.

    "

    ,;,;~

    $rr

    .r" $irr (coll.) black-headed gulls. s.


    -a.

    III to speak openly or

    ~ JL...::>

    ~rr

    .r" $arr

    CJ~ ~r~

    ()~ $aara~

    $rX

    tJJL..p ~aaruux p. ~).r" $UWaariix


    1. rocket, missile. <~......>.- Y' tJJL....

    pose, resist. .U ~ Lo LiT_, J l..t.,ai


    o~ ~ t~addaa-li w-aana rna
    cirnalt-la sayy y(Jurra. He opposed me
    though I have done nothing to harm
    him. 2. to stand in the path of s.o.
    o_,.J.:;J ~__.k.JI ~ .U l_,..t.,ai t~addoo-lafi
    {-{iriij w-gitloo. They stood in his way
    and killed him.

    C.r'

    ~~ ta~rii~ 1. (p. -aat) declaration,


    statement. 2. (p. ~Jl....ai la$aariil:z)
    official permit, written permission.

    CJ~

    ~dy

    1-S.J-.,t:J; t~adda V (with

    (v.n.)

    '"

    ,;,;~

    $rr

    .r" $irr extreme cold weather.

    ~..UI

    ~ y.ll ~ d-dinya $irr 1-yoorn. It's freez-

    ing today.
    u~.;~ $r{n

    ~\...1:, _J"P $arataan 1. cancer (med.). 2.

    380

    cancer (astron.). ~1.1 _ro:all )..l.o madaar


    $-$ara{aan Tropic of Cancer.
    t..J~

    $rc

    t...r-P $irac

    (t_~ yi$rac) to throw


    down, fell s.o. aJ y. _?-i J ~.rP $raea
    fi 'aaxir jaw/a. He pinned him in the
    last round.

    III to wrestle. ~
    ~l_r---!11 (.J~ !1,$_,.JJ mitiin w-gawi;
    y$aaric 0-0iiraan. He's well-built and
    fat; he wrestles bulls.

    t..JL._.,.:, $aarac

    t.JL.,aj f$aarac VI to wrestle each


    other. o,;,.. J_,.bi ...\.:>-IJ 41J t_J\...,ai l$aarac
    wiY.Ya waa~id 'a{wal minna. He
    wrestled with someone taller than he
    was.
    t.._,....aJI n$irac VII pass. of t_.rP $ira c.
    .J.....>..IJ t_~l n$irac waayid. He was
    pinned many times.
    4&.JL...a.a mu$aaraca (v.n. from III t_)-..P
    $aarac) wrestling.

    t..JL.4.o musaaric (act. part. from III


    t_JL.o $aarac) p. -iin wrestler.
    J..J~ $r/

    J .J""""' $iraf (......; ~ ya$rif) I. to spend,


    expend. ~ ~ll) ~J:J ~i......; ~
    j.-.S"'\'1 na$ri/ 'alfeen dirhim fi
    s-sahar Ca/a 1-'akil bass. We spend
    two thousand dirhams a month for
    food only. 2. to cash. ~~ ..:...i.rP
    $iraft s-seek. I cashed the check. 3. to
    dismiss, send away. ......;.r-" ....r'J..L.ll
    ~'iJ\'1 1-mudarris #rafl-'awlaad. The
    teacher dismissed the kids.
    v---1

    J .r" $arraf II 1. to be suitable to s.o.


    ~I ......; _,_:;. .,:r-j ~LA

    J J _,.ij J~ Lo

    ..!D~ rna tigdar tgul-li hal~iin zeen.


    cuuf illi narrifk. you don't want to
    tell me now. Fine. Go see what's best
    for you. 2. to change (money) . .J-..1
    ~ J ~ J..LJ\
    ~ mumkin f$arrif-li
    d-duulaar? Would you please change
    this dollar for me?

    J ...;

    J ~ f$arraf V 1. to conduct oneself, act, behave. 0-:!) ......; ~ J ~


    f$arraf fa$arruf zeen. He conducted
    himself properly. ......; ~ J f i Lo ma
    ycarf yif$rraf He doesn't know how
    to behave. 2. to act independently,
    freely, at one's own discretion. J ~
    ......; J~\ <..,-->- f$arraf~asab 9-9uruuf
    Act according to the circumstances.
    .s"_?I jl_,...~ ......; ~ ..:.~ o~ sijnoo
    linna 1$arrafb-'amwaal s-sarika. They
    put
    him in jail because he
    misappropriated
    the
    company
    property.

    J5'

    J _ra-il n$iraf VII to be spent.


    ..::.....,; ~I ..._,._,_LAJI killli-jluus n$irfat. All
    the money was spent.
    JI_,...P $arraafp. -iin money changer.

    J ~ ta$arruf (v.n. from V J ~


    ta$arraj) 1. behavior, act of conducting oneself. 2. free disposal, right of
    disposal. ......; ~ J
    ta}Jt fa$arruf at
    the disposal of. ..!D~ J
    ii}:. -ll
    s-saY.Jiaara ta/:tt fa$arrufak. The car is
    at your disposal. ......; ~ b-fa$arruf
    freely, unrestrictedly.

    J J~

    ma$ruuf (p.p. from J .rP


    $ira./) 1. having been spent. ....,.._,...Lill
    .uJ~ 4-15"' li-jluus killaha ma$ruufa.
    All the money has been spent. 2. (p.
    ...A:!)
    ,a
    ma$aariij)
    expense,

    381

    expenditure.

    the money and the jewelry.

    tu.J~ $rnx

    t Li.rl' $irnaax (coil.) beetles.

    ":'t.~ $Cb

    s. -a.

    clit~ #l:z
    ~ $O(il:z p. C.~ ${uul:z 1. roof (of
    a house, etc.). 2. surface . ._}>J ~I ~
    $a(h 1-'ar{J. the earth, ground surface.
    ~I ~ ,~atl:z 1-bal:zar sea level.
    ~ $0(/:zi superficial. ~ a.i .rmacrifa
    $0(/:ziyya
    superficial
    knowledge.

    ~ yi$cab (perf. is not used) to be


    or become difficult, hard, unpleasant.
    J .,_ll Jl ~~ ~ yi$cab 1-masi 'ila
    s-suug. Walking to the marketplace is
    difficult. It's difficult to walk to the
    marketplace. ~iJ c_J) ~ ~
    ~)f.
    yi$cab cafayya 'aruul:z
    w-'axa!!iihum bruul:zl:zum. It's difficult
    for me to go and leave them by themselves.

    .,..la-P

    "":-"-"' $accab II to make difficult,


    hard. ._}>} .b:.~ ~ ~ .!l;.,lll-bank
    $Occab cafee yaaxiiJ gar{J. The bank
    made it difficult for him to get a loan.

    ~ $O(ir p. J_,L ,~tuur line (of


    writing on a sheet of paper).

    sfa$cab X to find or consider


    difficult, hard. ~ . a- -1
    r-"' );:, ..;.Ji ~ sfa$cab cafee ysal/ifni
    'alf dirhim. He found it difficult to
    lend me a thousand dirhams.

    .)lit~

    $O!(ar II to draw lines (on a


    sheet of paper) with a ruler. lA ..;.; _)...,.
    ~I $a!tart ha$-$afo.a. I drew lines
    on this page.

    ~ ma${ara p. _):.L...,a... ma$aa(ir

    ruler.

    J....k.-"

    $a(il p. -aat, u ~ $(uula


    bucket, pail (~ balak is more common).

    UJ lit~ ,v{wn
    I. phono-

    graph record. 2. cylinder. jl.&. :i.il~


    $!Uwaanat gaaz gas cylinder.

    'i lit~

    "":-"-"' $acb difficult, hard, unpleasant.


    dars $acb difficult lesson.
    ~ JL>.- J rayyaal $acb difficult, not
    easy to please, man. ~ ~ ~
    ~\._j~IJ $acb cafeek tiyi wiyyaana? Is it
    difficult for you to come with us?
    ~ ~ cim/a $acba hard currency.
    ~ ._,..J;:,

    J~ $!1

    t..il~ ,vtuwaana p. -aat

    ~I

    s.th.

    $!)'

    ~ $i(a (~ yi$!i) (with JY cafa)


    to break into, burglarize. ~ I~
    u ~IJ ._,...,._!All I}~J ..::.-..JI $i(aw caza
    !-beet w-baagaw li-jluus W-$-$OOga.
    They broke into the house and stole

    ~-"""" $Ucuuba (v.n.) difficulty, hard-

    ship.

    ~i 'a$cab (elat.) 1. (with 0"' min)


    more difficult, unpleasant than. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the most difficult, unpleasant.

    ' "'t~

    $Cd

    $icad (~yi$cad) 1. to ascend,


    go upward. J _,.._A] ..l.A..,.:zj L.6:. xa!!na

    382

    niscad li-foog. Let's go upstairs . ...l.oo..p


    ~I Js- #cad cafa s-sillam. He went
    up in the elevator. 2. (with Js- cafa)
    to climb up, mount. _r.il Js- ...l.oo..p #cad
    cafa l-meez. He got up on the table.
    ma$cad p. J..&.l....,a... ma$aacid
    elevator
    sillam or ~L,.:.i
    'a$an$eer are more common).
    ..L...A.,a.o

    <r-1--

    hnaak w-sta$gar nafsa. He went there


    and felt inferior.
    ~

    $Ugur (v.n.) I. smallness, littleness. 2. young age.~ 0:!j Jb,.J


    ~o ~J o~ ,y rayyaal zeen. s-cazeena
    min $Ugra w-kubra? He's a good man .
    What have we got to do with his
    young or old age?
    ~

    !l~ $acfuuk, $Uc[uuk p . .!.WL.....,.:.

    $agiir (common var. pi;-j zagiir)


    p. JL..A..,.,. $gaar small, little . ...UJ 1-l..A
    .o.....;... ~ L. \ ~ haaoa walad $agiir;
    rna cafeek minna. This is a little boy;
    leave him be. Js- ~ $agiir ca/a tOO
    young to do s.th. c_IJ)I Js- ~ ...:...ii
    'inta $agiir caza z-zawaaj. you are too
    young to get married. ~ .;~ .../"
    hiya $agiira cafeek. She is too young
    for you.

    $acaaliik I. pauper, destitute person.


    2. bum, vagrant.

    4JJ# $gayruun (common var.


    zgayruun) dim. of~ $agiir.

    "'t~ $Cd

    .)~ $cuud (common var. ~ $iciid)


    ablution (performed by striking the
    soil or dirt with one's hand). (prov.)
    ~ _,-..aJI j-..6..! ~UI ~ ~ Ia l;zi$al
    1-maay bital $-$cuud. (lit., "lfwater is
    at hand, .:. ~ $cuud is nullified.").
    ~Jt~ $cfk

    .;t~ $gr
    ~

    I. to make smaller.
    He made the
    office smaller. 2. to reduce, decrease.

    $aggar

    II

    ~I ~ $aggar 1-J;za.fiiz.

    ~J..lll._;~ J-""~ ~ u~ u~

    $aggart cumurha santeen lajil ddiss


    1-madrasa. I reduced her age two years
    in order to enter school.
    ~

    f$aggar V to be made smaller.


    ~ L. .;J)~l L.A. hal-kandoora rna
    tit~aggar. This dishdash cannot be

    made smaller.
    ~I sta~gar

    X to find or consider
    s.th. small, little, insignificant. ~
    ~ ~i ~ 0-" )' ,Q." i Ia tista~gir
    man huw 'a~gar minnak. Don't underestimate those who are younger than
    you. ~ )'.a "'J !.1~ c'J raab

    0J_,j-j

    ~i 'a$gar (elat.) 1. (with ,y min)


    smaller, younger than. 2. (with foil.
    n.) the smallest or youngest.

    cJ~ $fo.
    ~ $afo.a

    p. -aat 1. page, leaf (of a


    book). !~I ~I 'igfib $-$afo.a!
    Turn the page! ~ ~ $afo.a
    xamsiin page fifty.

    '..)~~
    . $/r

    ~ ~ufar (~ yu~fur) to whistle.

    ....wY- J.-->-- ~ .U _r-A.p ~ ~~

    s-sirti
    ~ufar-la lajiil yoogaf The policeman
    whistled at him so he might stop.

    ~affar

    II intens. of _}...p ~ufar.

    o)IA...P ~uffaara,

    ~affaara

    1. whistle. 2.

    siren. ).l....i)ll oJ~ ~uffaarat l-'inoaar

    383
    ~ ~ ~ $a./fithum xamsa
    xamsa. Arrange them in rows of five.

    warning siren.

    .;u~ $/r
    ~~ $/arr

    IX 1. to turn yellow .
    ..:.-..,...;JJ o~I JI;Ji ..:.. ~I $/arrat
    'awraag li-syara w-wugcat. The leaves
    of the tree turned yellow and fell. 2.
    (of the face) to become pale, turn pale.
    "-+"" J ~IJ Jb:. xaafw-$/arr weeya.
    He got scared and his face turned pale.

    4o..i 4o..i ~ $if

    1. yellowness. 2. pale~i 'ubu $/aar jaundice.


    ~I J\.A..p $/aar 1-bee(J egg yolk.

    ~i 'a$/ar f. I~ $ajra p. ~ $U/ur,

    ~ $ajfaf II to arrange, set s.th. in

    J..~

    order. ~ ~ ..:.-..Q...i..p $affafat sacarha.


    She arranged her hair.

    1. brass. 2. bronze.

    3.copper.
    JU..,., $/aar

    ness.

    JL..O..,p

    $U/riin. 1. yellow. 2. pale.

    1$~ $firi autumn, fall. J ~ ~ _;A..,aJI


    ~I ~ li-$firi ykuun cugb 1-gee(J.
    Autumn is after summer.

    p. ~\.A..p $i/aafiir
    coppersmith. ~l..i..,.JI J _,..._...,. suug
    $-$ifaafiir the coppersmiths' market
    place (in Dubai). (prov.) l) d.....1:. .rP
    p!l..i..,.JI J r (Jarta fi suug h~ifaafiir A
    drop in the bucket. (lit. "A fart in the
    coppersmiths' market.").
    JL...A..p $a.ffaar

    ,/'..

    .;u~ $J'

    ,j-P $i/ir p. ;\.A..pl $/aar zero, naught.


    f

    ~ m$a.ffat (p.p. from II .h...i.,..


    $a.ffat) organized, ordered.

    ~ $a.ff(~y$ujj) 1. to line up, set


    in a row or line. ~ y')IJ.JI ._A..p $aft
    t-tullaab ,m.ffeen. He lined the students
    up in two lines. 2. (v.i.) to stand in a
    row or line, queue. ~ ..r! .J.>.IJ ._A..p
    ~ I~ $aft waal)id bass. Ia l$u.ffu
    $ajfeen. One line only. Don't stand in
    two lines.

    ~ $ijir (coil.)

    4kA,.p $a/!a p. -aat pile, stack.

    ,/'..

    .;u~ $}'

    $afar Safar (name of the second


    month of the Muslim year).

    ~I n$aff
    ~

    VII

    pass. of ._A..p $afJ.


    They lined

    1,.o-;1 n$a.ffu $a.ffeen.

    up in two lines.
    ~ $affp . ......; ~ $Ujuuf 1. row, line,

    2. grade, class (in school). l)

    queue.

    <J".:L.JI ....L.a.~ I fi $-$aft s-saadis in the

    sixth grade. ~_,..JI ......A.-.o $a.ffl_carabi


    the Arabic class. 3. classroom.

    ~4o..i~ $/g

    J-4..P $U/ag (~ yu$/ug) to slam. JI.S'


    J--.A..o)

    Jl....i..?- caan f:zamgaan


    W-$u/ag 1-baab. He was angry and
    slammed the door.
    YWI

    ~ $a.ffag

    Ju..,., $a.ffat II to stack up, line up.


    J )I Js- ~I ..b.A.,.:. $affit 1-kutub cafa

    II to clap, applaud, clap


    the hands . ..U _,.lJ ~ ~ _?i y,- ~ tabi
    xubiz 'ak8ar? $afjig lil-walad. Do you
    want more bread? Clap for the waiter
    (to come). .._p___:; J ~ ~ 1_,_u...,

    r-raff. Stack the books on the shelf.

    $affagoo-la

    .bJ~ $/!

    leen

    wugaf

    They

    384

    .jL.,.:, ribl:z $aafi net profit.

    applauded him when he stood up.


    ~

    $a/ga p. -aat I. slap, smack. 2.


    clap. 3. round of applause, ovation. 4.
    leaf (of a double door or window).

    uJ~

    $/n

    $Ufan (~ yu$/un) to ponder,


    meditate, brood. L.. ~ ~_,.....:. ~
    4.-C"I ..;.., _?"'..i; $Ujant wayya bass rna
    taoakkart 'asma. I pondered for a short
    while, but I didn't remember his name.

    y Jl...f.: ':1 ~ ~ \.(~ daayman yu$/un


    gabil-la yjaawib. He always reflects
    before he answers.
    L.Q.., $afna (n. ofinst.) p. -aat period

    .}LoP $aafin (act. part. from ~


    $U/an)
    I. pondering, meditating,
    brooding. 2. daydreaming.

    $/w

    $affa II I. to refine. J ~
    ~$"' J JNI y$ajfuun 1-batrool hni. They
    refine oil here. 2. to settle, clear up,
    straighten out. }L...... \... ~ "-!l....>. ~
    $affa bsaaba gabil-ma saafar. He
    settled his account before he left town.
    .....li....::. ~ $a.!Ja ugla. He cleared up
    his work. 3. to purify, make pure.
    (,)Lll ~ $affa 1-maay. He purified the
    water.

    .# f$affa
    0~

    V pass. of II

    ~ $affa.

    fflU$jaa p. l)l_.,a... fflO$OOji

    1.

    refinery. 2. filter, strainer.


    ~LoP $aafi

    W $i/a see under .Jc.JAJ W$/


    ..;.f.~ $gr

    .}A-P $agir p. J_;A-p $guur falcon, hawk.


    ~U:..II t_,....i ,y _}...aJI $-$agir min noo<
    s-saahiin. A falcon is of the same kind
    as a peregrine. (prov.) j .;-"!. L..
    ~~ _}...aJI 'illi rna ycarf $-$agir yiswii.
    Don't kill the goose that lays the

    Jll

    golden egg.
    )~ $aggaar p. -a a falcon trainer.

    ~.f.~ $g(
    (~ yu$gut) 1. to fail,
    flunk. J~ ':11 .) .h.......A..... $igat fi
    li-mti}:zaan. He failed the examination.
    2. to fall, topple, collapse. ~
    WI c.$i;.. ._,; .r ; )j)l $igtat 1-wazaara
    marrateen haaoi s-sana. The ministry
    fell twice this year . ..;..,~L:>..:.;':)I .) .h.W>
    $iga{ fi li-niixaabaat. He didn't \Vin
    the eleciions. 3. to drop, sink down,
    decline. ~~ ,y ..hA..,:. $igat min ceeni.

    .k..A...P $igat

    of daydreaming.

    ,JJ~

    'iJ~ $/y

    clear, pure, unpolluted,

    unmixed. ~~~ -JL.,.:, WI s-sama $aafi


    1-yoom. The sky is clear today. (,)I..

    l)l.__,., maay ~aafi clear, pure water.

    ~J

    He dropped in my estimation.
    ~

    1. to fail, flunk .
    ~ ~I .:.,r--- ._;.....i- <1..-.-i':l ~ .J"J..Lil
    1-mudarris $agga{a linna ga min illi
    yamma.
    The teacher flunked him
    because he copied from the one next to
    him.
    2. to cause to fall, topple,
    collapse.
    $aggat

    II

    JajL....p $aagit (act. part. from .h...A..,.,


    $igat) 1. having failed, flunked . .W~
    .JL>..:... ':11 -) $aagi( fi li-mti}:zaan. He has
    failed
    the
    examination.
    2.
    disreputable, notorious. .k;L.,., JG,. J

    rayyaal ~aagi! disreputable man.

    385

    't~~

    ~~ ma$kuuk (p.p. from .!.1.,.. $akk)


    closed, shut. .!.l ~ yWI 1-baab
    ma$kuuk. The door is closed.

    $gc

    ~ $igac

    (~ yi$gac) to yell,

    shriek. ~ ~u ~WI JL..:;. ~ /een


    caaf 1-baayig gaam yi$gac. When he
    saw the thief, he started to yell. ~
    ~..UI $igac d-diic. The rooster crowed.

    $ilab (~yu$lub) to crucify.


    ~I ~ o~ $ifboo ca[a $-$aliib.
    They crucified him (on the cross).

    "l't~~ $gc
    ~ $igac (~ yi$gac) to strike (with

    a heavy object). .......1.J ~ o...\.,!~ ~


    $igca b-badiida ca[a raasa. He struck
    him with a piece of iron on his head.

    $iga/ (~ yu$gu/) to smooth,


    polish. ....A,....-)1 j.....A..P $igal s-seef He
    polished the sword.
    '-iJ"j.......A..p $aglaawi p. -yya one who
    makes swords.
    (>~~ $gh

    "I'

    ~J~ $lb
    ~ $iliib (invar.)

    I. hard, stiff,
    firm. ~ ._;.) 'ar9 $iliib hard soil.
    2. clear, audible (voice).~..::....""~
    $001 $iliib full audible voice.

    t~J~ $lbx

    <~...A.pi 'a$gah f. ~ $agha p. ~


    $aghiin deaf (more common var. ~i
    'a$ max. See under
    ~ $mx)

    t,.

    $aliib p . ..J~ $ilbaan cross.

    ~ $aliibi I. (p. -yyiin) crusader. 2.


    having to do with the cross. y J)-1
    _.) all 1-buruub $-$aliibiyya the
    Crusades.

    J~~ $gl

    J.i.P

    ~J~ $lb

    $agah deafness.

    clcl~ $kk

    ~ $akk (~ y$ikk) to close, shut

    cJ.10:)

    y~l ..:L.o $akk


    (e.g., the door).
    1-baab teen {ilac. He closed the door
    when he went out. !~ .:.L.o $ikk
    baljak! Shut up!

    ~ $akka p. -aat 1. tribal feud. 2.


    calamity.
    ~~ $aakk (act. part. from d.,., $akk)

    having closed, shut. a.&.L.... j.;; .6""t..,.,. li I


    'aana $aakka gabil saaca. I closed it
    an hour ago. !.IL....,., ~I 1-geem $aakk.
    There's a thick cloud cover.

    ~ $albax (~y$albix) to calcify,

    be or become calcareous. ~ ~~
    ~ <:>\... -..:. . . J.r- \... J /-peep $albax w-ma
    yinzil minna maay bacad. The pipe has
    calcified and no water comes down
    from it anymore.
    t~ $albuux (coli.) pebbles, small
    rocks. s. -a.

    cJ~ $lb

    ~ $ilab (~ yi$lab) I. to be
    proper, good, right . .(>L..S::..II ~ J~ 'i
    ~ L.. Ia tguul hal-kalaam. rna
    yi$lab. Don't say these words. It's not
    proper. 2. to be suitable, useful, fit. ~
    Y..!l.J ~ o.J~I has-sayyaara li$lablak? Would this car suit you? ~
    ($jJlJa.. 0 .r~ yi$lab ykuun mataarzi.
    He's fit to be a bodyguard.

    386
    ~ $alla/:l

    II

    ~ J a.;~_r

    ...:_.jlS'" o;l:-JI s-sayyaara

    1. to repair, mend.

    caanat xarbaana W-$alla/:litta. The car


    was broken and I had it repaired. 2. to
    prepare. o_,..All ~ $alla/:ll-gahwa. He
    prepared the coffee.

    t L..P $aala/:l

    III to make peace with


    s.o., make up with s.o. wl...A.i'- ..:.-.5
    ~L..,.:. J L...:.,. ~ J Cint /:lamgaan
    ~-cugba ya W-$aala/:lni. I was mad and
    later on he came and made peace with
    me.
    ~i 'a$la/:l IV I. to improve, reform.
    L#L....:... ~I L.......;.. J \II l~i 'a$la/:law
    1-'aw{Jaac li-jtimaaciyya. They have
    improved social conditions.
    2. to
    bring about peace, act as a mediator.
    ~ l...;.,..,L,.:i ~~J l_r:. J4J thaawsaw
    w-bacdeen 'a$la/:lna beenhum. They
    quarreled among themselves and then
    we made peace between them.

    t.

    you don't have any interest.


    ~i 'a#a/:1 (elat.) 1. (with 0'" min)
    more suitable, fitting than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most suitable, fitting.

    'i$/aa/:1 (v.n. from IV ~i


    'a#a/:1) reform, improvement.

    e,')\.._,p!

    t ~ $aali/:l (act. part. from~ $ifab)


    t

    I.

    useable, suitable, fitting.


    L-P
    Jl ..-
    .':>\.)
    $aali/:l
    lil-'isfiCmaal
    serviceable. y _r.lJ I...,.. pi;- c.,.>L.. maay
    geer $aali/:llis-surb undrinkable water.
    2. good, virtuous, godly. ~I...,.. J~....s-i
    'acmaal $aalba good deeds.

    ~ m$alli/:l (act. part. from II~


    1. having repaired, fixed s.th.

    $alla/:l)

    o..l......,:.l .~ ~Y

    tawwni m$all/:la.
    'ixoa. I have just repaired it. Take it.
    2. repairman, fixer.

    tJ~

    $IX

    ciled, make peace with each other.


    wyl~ ~J w_r:, J~ \J4>-- yihhaal;
    yithaawsuun w-cugba yi$$aal/:luun.
    They are children; they quarrel among
    themselves and then they make up.

    ~ $ilax (~ yi$lax) to skin (an


    animal). o~J ~ J JI_,;..S;. ..:.-.a.:.i
    gina$f gazaal W-$ilaxta w-kaleenaa. I
    hunted a deer, skinned it, and we ate it.
    ~~ ~ yL.,.U.ll l-ga$$Oab $ilax
    oibii/:lteen. The butcher skinned two
    (slaughtered) animals.

    ~ $Ul/:l (v.n.) peace, reconciliation.

    ~ ma$lax p. ma$aa/ix slaughter-

    ~I ~L.J gaa{Ji $-$ulbjustice ofthe

    house.

    peace. ~~ ~ mabkamat $-$ulb


    the lowest criminal court.

    l:.J~ #!

    t L.a1 1$aala/:l

    VI to become recon-

    ~~ $alaa/:ljyya

    1. usability,

    usefulness, use. 2. (p. -aat) authority,


    full power.
    ~ ma$laba p.

    t l....,a..

    ma$aalib
    interest, benefit. <,?i ~ ~ L. ~ l.lA
    ~ haaoa sayy ma-lak fii 'ayya
    ma$la/:la. This is something in which

    ~ $alia{ II (with Js- caJa) to give


    power over. ~l:--=-)1 ~ ~ ~~
    'a!!a Y$allit caJeek s-sayaatiin. May
    God put the devils in control of you.
    cY-L:JI ~ ~~ .kl..,.:. $allat c-calb cafa
    1-baayig. He set the dog on the thief.

    ~ I$ allat V pass. of II .hl..,.:, $alia{.

    387

    4..l:U.,p $Ulta 1. power, authority. 2. (p.


    -aat) authority, official agency.
    tJ~ $fc
    ~ $Gllac II 1. to uncover the head,

    remove the head gear. ~ \... ..:.r-->-i


    ~ \... .}.i 'af:tsan rna f$allic gabil-ma
    f$alli. It's better not to uncover your
    head before you pray. 2. to be disclosed, revealed. :i.JWI ~ $Gllacar
    1-mas'ala. The truth is out.
    ~ m$aflic (act. part. from II

    tLo

    $allac) bareheaded. ~ ~ y$alli


    m$alfic. He prays bareheaded.

    t L..p

    $maax (v.n.) 1. deafness, state


    of being deaf. 2. (ear) wax.

    ~i 'a$max (less common var . ....a..,..i


    'a$gah) f. ~ $Gmxa p. ~ $imx
    deaf.

    t~~ $mg
    ~

    $Gmmag II to put glue on s.th.


    <J ~)) J~l ~ $Gmmag
    $-$UWar w-lizaghum fi li-ktaab. He
    glued the pictures and pasted them in
    the book.
    yLJI

    ~J~ $lg
    Ul,.p $alga p. -aat large amount of

    ~~~

    $amug (coil.) glue, paste.

    $mm

    money.

    .JJ ~

    c~~ $YnX

    ,wmmam

    II 1. to design, plan.
    r - ~ minu
    $Gmmam /i-bnaaya cafa s-siif? Who
    designed the building on the seashore?
    2. to make up one's mind, be determined. L.;~IJ ~ r--"' $Gmmam yiyi
    wiyyaana. He decided to come with
    us.
    ~~I ~~WI

    $fW

    rLJI

    ~ $alia II to pray. ~ i j'l


    i ~) f-mU$/im faazim J$Gl/i W-Y$UUm.

    A Muslim should pray and fast. ~


    ~I o)L..., $G!leet $Glaat $-$Ub/:t. I
    performed the morning prayer. ~
    ~I ,~alleet r)-r)uhur. I prayed the
    noon prayer. !~I ~ 1}.-o ,wllu cata
    n-nabi!
    1. Be quiet!
    2. Listen!
    Change the topic!
    o~ $alaa p. ol_,l..o .salawaat prayer,

    praying. y ~I o')\......o $Ofaat fi-mgarb


    the sunset prayer. ~I o')\......o L,L.o
    $alleena ,mlaat f-ciid. We prayed the
    Feast prayer.
    ~ m$alli (act. part. from II

    J..o

    1. having prayed. ~

    Jy

    $Gila)

    ~ $amiim true, genuine. ~


    ~

    xaliiji $Gmiim a true Gulf Arab.


    ~ .:.,.--- min $Gmiim 1-ga{b
    whole-heartedly. ~~ ~.r" r)arba
    b-Namiim effective hit.

    ..,_.l.QJI

    fa$miim 1. design, designing.


    2. determination, resolution.

    ~Ju~ $ndg

    J.JJ..:...p

    $Gnduug p. _;:.)l...o $Gnaadiig


    1. box, crate. JL..) J )..l:....o <J o) ...:.:; b.

    r-"'~IJ tawwni m$alli wiyyaahum. I've

    f:tatt gsaara fi $Gnduug w-saar. He put

    just prayed with them. 2. (p. -iin) one

    his personal effects in a box and left.

    who prays, worshipper.

    ~.I

    J J..l:....o $anduug bariid post-office

    box.

    2. money box, till, coffer.

    388

    .ftt_,::ll J J~ $anduug t-tawfiir savings


    bank, provident fund. J J..L;..aJI ~i
    'amiin $-$anduug the treasurer.

    J ~ u(jtO

    $ngf

    2. band (watch band). ~


    a;;L.JI $angaf s-saaca the watch band.

    chain.

    'tu(jtO $nc
    ~

    $inac (~ yi$nac) to manufacture, make, produce. ~\-""" 0 ~ ~


    4:;.....":A.! .:r hni yi$nacuun juwaati min
    plaastiik. Here they make plastic
    shoes. ...::..l.r-Li ~ ~L.....a-o .) fii
    ma$aanic ti$nac taayraat. There are
    factories that manufacture tires.

    II

    to industrialize.
    d......A,kJI u ~ t... _pJ-1 1-/:zukuuma
    $annacat hal-man(iga. The government industrialized this area.
    ~

    $annac

    $anca p. -aat, $anaayic trade,

    craft.
    U.~

    $inaaca (v.n. from ~ $inac)


    industry, manufacturing. U.~ L.;~
    ~ ~ cindana $inaaca xajiifa hni.
    We have light industry here.
    ~l.._.;..p

    $inaaci 1. industrial. ~
    man{iga $inaaciyya industrial
    district. 2. cultured (pearls), artificial.
    ./'\._:..,:, _;.W gmaas $inaaci cultured
    pearls.
    y~

    ma$nac p. ~L....,.a... ma$aanic

    factory.
    t.~

    tu (jtO

    ma$nuuc (p.p. from~ $inac)


    1. having been manufactured. 2. (p.
    -aat) manufactured article.

    $nc

    $anca San'a (capital city of the


    Republic of Yemen).

    ...iu(jtO

    j..i;..P $angaf p. Ji~ $anaagif 1. iron

    $n/

    $annaf II 1. to joke, jest, kid. L.


    ~ ~ \~ ~rna cafeek minna;
    bass Y$annif. Don't pay attention to
    him; he's just kidding. 2. to comment
    }I Js- ~
    (on a subject, etc.)
    $annaf
    cafa
    1-maw{Juuc.
    He
    commented on the subject.

    t._,.;.

    ~ $infp . .....JL:..,.:.i 'a$naafkind, sort.


    ~I ~ .:r min ha$-#nf of this kind,
    similar to this.

    J _. a; fa$niif (v.n. from II

    .....A..;.,..

    $anna/) joking, jesting . ...::..~


    raaci fa$niifaat funny person.

    ,. u(jtO

    if'J

    $nm

    ~ $anam p. rL..,..i 'a$naam idol,


    image. rL..,..~II 0J~ ._,..u yfii naas
    ycabduun l-'a$riaam. There are people
    who worship idols. L.. \~I J!..o .....0\J
    !.I~ waagif mi81 $-$anam; ma
    yitl:zarrak. He's standing like a statue;
    he isn't moving.
    .;~,JU~ $nwbr

    _r.y..p $noobar (coli.) pine nuts. s. 4.:>f..f-t:' l:zabbat $noobar, ;; f..i-"' -a.

    J 0 (jtO

    $hi

    #hal (~ yi$hal) to neigh,


    whinny. rL_j ._,.._r-All .....JU. 0~1 ~

    J-.i,.P

    ~ leen /i-/:z$aan caaf 1-faras gaam


    yi$ha/. When the horse saw the mare,
    it started to neigh.

    389
    eat dinner and chat.

    u.JijO~ ~hywn
    ~ ~ ~ahyuuni

    I. Zionist, Zionistic.

    2. a Zionist.
    ~ ~ ~ahyuuniyya Zionism.

    ~,J~ ~wb

    yl..P ~aab (~ y~iib) I. to fall upon


    s.o., befall, happen to s.o. ~L...o
    H .)L-..>. 45"_r!JI ~aabat s-sarika
    xasaara Cibiira. The company suffered
    a great Joss. 2. to afflict, attack. "-!l...o
    ~ ~ .r- ~aaba mara{J xabiiO. He
    was afflicted with a malignant disease.
    3. to hit (a target). ~ .J..L.Z L..
    ~~ y ~ . J..UI ma tigdar t~iib
    1-hadaf. garrib swayya. You cannot hit
    the target. Get a little closer. yl...o
    ~ i f J..LI.I ~aab 1-hadafmin baciid.
    He hit the target from a far distance.
    y J~ t~aawab VI to be shot, hit (by
    a bullet). 1.5.; - II J.l......,:. J y JL_.aj
    ~:;aawab w-xaooo 1-mustaSfa. He got
    shot and they took him to the hospital.
    n~aab

    VII to be stricken,
    to catch a disease. y~l
    n~aab b-s-si/1. He was stricken
    by tuberculosis.
    yl..-Ai\

    afflicted,

    J-14
    y

    ~ ~oob

    (no p.) l. direction, side.


    y _,.-.)1 !II~ .:r .J~I s-sbeetaar min
    oaak :;-:foob. The hospital is in that
    direction. 2. place. y ~I !II~ oaak
    :f:fOOb that place. y _ra.ll \.I. .WI 'igcid
    ha:j-:fOOb. Sit in this place. 3. (prep.)
    toward, in the direction of. y y b .J
    ~I ril,ma :joob 1-babar. We went
    toward the sea. ~ ~.r"' JL.u
    ._Qj~ J tacaal :fOobna nitcassa
    w-nsoolif. Come to our place so as to

    l.tl..P!

    'i~aaba p.

    -aat

    I. score, goal.
    galabnaahum
    b-'i:faabteen. We beat them by two
    goals.
    2. case, attack of illness or
    sickness. ~ l.r.-J~4 ..::..4L...o! ~ .Y
    fii xams 'i~aabaat b-1-ko/eera hni.
    There are five cases of cholera here.
    ~L_...:,Y, ~~

    4.,a.e mu:jiiba p. ~l...A.o m~aayib I.


    calamity, misfortune. i f ~WI ~\-.
    .;,L...5:...
    yatni 1-ma~aayib min kill
    mukaan. I was beset by calamities
    from everywhere.

    J..S'

    yL...a.o m:;aab p. -iin casualty, injured


    or wounded person. ~ J ~,) J1.5.;
    - \I J---> yL.,all hi:ja[ dacma
    w-salleet li-m~aab bagg 1-mustasfa.
    There was a car accident and I picked
    up the injured person and took him to
    the hospital.
    u~,J~ ~wbn
    ,:r.~

    :;ooban (,y.~ y~oobin) to wash


    s.th. with soap. yty1 ~ "-!-41 J.~
    y:joobin 'iidee cugb 1-'aki/. He washes
    his hands with soap after eating.
    IJ y.l..P :jaabuun (coli.) soap. s. -a.

    L y.l..P :jaabuuna p. -aat 1. bar of


    soap.
    2. kneecap.
    )I ~ y.L...o
    :jaabuunat r-riil the kneecap.

    J->--

    ~ ,J ~
    .J.J~

    :fWl See under .J ~ :fW{.


    :fWr

    J.J-1'

    ~awwar II
    to depict, portray,
    represent. !\\~ ~ o~\ .J~ ~~ U.
    ..::,__;)1 hal-filim y:jawwir 1-bayaa fi
    oaak 1-wagt. This movie depicts life at
    that time.

    390
    J~ t~awwar

    V to imagine, think,
    conceive. J_ra:J L. J!.o ~\S. y .r ~~
    1-maciisa muub gaalya mifJil-ma
    tit~awwar. The cost of living isn't as
    expensive as you imagine. ..:..0.)1_,..,...
    J~ Lo ~ ~ ~WI IJ,awaadiO
    s-siyaayiir hini bi-sakil ma yit~awwar.
    Car accidents here are inconceivable.
    ~HI J...-y.. J~i 'at~awwar yoo~al
    1-yoom. I think he'll arrive today.
    ~uura p. JY ~uwar 1. image,
    likeness. 2. copy, duplicate. 3. sura,
    chapter of the Quran. 4. way, manner.
    J_,....JI ,:,;-- oJ_,......, <,?G b-'ayy ~uura min
    ~-~uwar in any way possible, by any
    means, by hook or by crook. oJ~
    d,__,pl,.:.
    b-~uura xaa~~a especially.
    a......~ oJJ-~ b-~uura camma generally,
    in general, by and large.

    oJJ-1'

    .r-1.~ ta~wiir

    (v.n. from II
    ~awwar) depiction, portrayal.

    J_,......,

    .,J~ ~wt
    J, J-1' ~awwat

    II l. to vote, cast a
    ballot. L..;.)~ J .1 ~ L. 6... )-11-IJ,urma
    ma t~awwit fi blaadna. Women don't
    (have the right to) vote in our country.
    2. (with J /-) to call out, shout to s.o.
    .1 y ~awwat-li. He shouted to me.

    J, J-1' ~oot p. .11~1 ~waat I. voice.


    J~l .1.r-"' ~ simact ~oot
    fi-cyaa! barra. I heard childreg's
    voices outside. JL&. 41 y J ~ Lc_.)
    ~ daayman tilgi w-~oo{ha caali
    bacad. She's always chattering and her
    voice is loud too. (prov).
    ~y
    JL...,.:. E" f..J ~ootin caali w-yirjac xaali.
    Much cry little wool. 2. sound, noise.
    3. vote. .1~ .....A.Ji j.-<a>- ba~~al 'alf

    o.r-!

    JW.

    ~oo{.

    He got I ,000 votes.

    ~ ~iit (good or bad) reputation,

    fame. ~1.6.- ~ c)-:!j J-JS' ~ ~iita


    killis zeen beenjamaacta. He has good
    reputation among his kinsfolk. (prov.)
    JL...,.:. ~IJ J~ ~I ~-~ii! caali
    w-1-batin xaa/i. Much cry little wool.

    t.J~ ~wg

    L.,p ~aag rt~ y~uug)

    to fashion,
    mold. J~l J t_ L...:> ~L.all
    ~-~aayig ~aag-li li-IJ,yuul. The goldsmith fashioned the bracelets for me.
    form,

    U y ~ooga jewelry. ~~ .J-'b <.J"_ri!


    U.,.....JI <,? ~ 1-micris huwa IIi yistiri
    ~-~ooga. It's the bridegroom who buys
    the jewelry.

    $iyaaga (v.n. from t_ \. . :. $aag)


    goldsmithing, jewelry making .

    U.~

    Cj ~ $aayig (act. part. from t_ \. . :. $Gag)


    I. having fashioned, molded (a piece
    of jewelry) . ...LA.Ji .:.lJ C;}\..... oj tawwa
    ~aayig-lic f-cigd. He has just fashioned
    the necklace for you. 2. (p. ~
    $iyyaag, t_l~ $Uwwaag) goldsmith,
    jeweler.

    ~,J~ $W/

    J .J--" $WI/ (coli.) wool. s . ._j ~ ;;7


    jizzat ~ulif. J J..i"" ._j y ~uufxaruuf
    lamb wool. (prov.) ;; fi. ~f.. L. Jll
    J J..i"" J ofi. ~f.. 'illi ma yir{Ja b-ji;za
    yir{Ja b-jizza w-xaruuf Cut your losses
    and run. Half a loaf is better than
    none.
    f",J~

    $Wm

    r~ $aam (~ ~ Y$UUm} to fast, abstain


    from food, drink, and sexual inter-

    391

    course. ~~) r~ ..:_..ji 'inta t~uum


    w-t~al/i? Do you fast and pray? rl.p
    JL..,Q....) ~ J-S ~aam kill sahar
    rum{Jaan. He fasted the whole month
    of Ramadan.

    r..J--P ~awwam

    II

    to cause to fast.

    r---f:!P

    ':1 h!..l.l~ ~ .rP ~awwmi


    cyaalic; Ia tfattriihum. Make (f.s.)
    your children fast; don't let them
    break the fast.

    tt"!-l..p

    ~aayim

    (act. part. from rl.p

    ~aam)

    I. fasting, observing a fast. r-Lp ..:_..ji


    ~ ~ ':II) 'in/a ~aayim walla miflir?
    Are you fasting or not? 2. p. -iin, r~
    ~iyyaam

    faster, person observing a

    fast.

    r.J-P ~oom

    (v.n. from rl.p ~aam) fasting (less common var. r~ ~iyaam).


    r_,.....a.ll ~ sahr ~-~oom the month of
    fasting, i.e., Ramadan. I.J_,...;.~ r.J-1"
    ~oom caasuura voluntary fasting on
    the tenth day of r/- Muharram.
    Ju.J~ ~wnd

    o..L...i~

    ~oonda

    p. -oat hose, rubber

    . ..

    U(S ~ ~yb
    y~ ~aab (~ y~iib)

    see under

    '-:'.J~ ~wb.

    IJ~

    $ybn
    $iibaan (coli.) nits. s. -a.

    u'i~ $Yt

    ~ $ii! see under J... .J ~ $Wf.

    C'i~ $Yb

    t~

    ~ ~ayyal:z II to shout, yell repeat


    edly. .U~ ~ ~ y~ayyil:z cala
    cyaa{a. He's yelling at his children.

    ~yaal:z (v.n. from C w


    shouting, yelling.

    r_L.....:-P

    ~aal:z)

    C'i~ ~yx
    ~ ~iix

    p.

    t~

    ~yaax

    1. skewer.

    o\.::_,...;.) ~ ~ ~I l.:.,h.> l:zaf(eena


    1-la/:zam cala $iix w-saweenaa. We put
    the meat on a skewer and grilled it. 2.
    bar, rod.
    J'i~ $Yd

    tube.

    u":' 'i ~

    taah cala 1-'ar{J w-~aa/:z, "'aax!" He


    fell and yelled, "Ouch!". Cl.p U'.J..UI
    ~ 1-mudarris ~aal:z calayya. The
    teacher shouted at me. Lo ~ ._}..); ':1
    .!..L-rl 0 ~ Ia ddiss gabil-ma
    y~ii/:zuun 'ismak. Don't enter before
    they call your name. 2. to call out,
    address, call. ..:.-.i i .o.r--- ~ ~
    ~t----"'i $i/:ztak miyat marra. 'inta
    'a~max? I called you a hundred times.
    Are you deaf?

    $aab (~ Y$iib) 1. to yell,


    shout. !t1 C L.,.:, J ...;P }J I ~ C L1

    ~l..,.::>

    $Gad (~y$iid) I. to catch, trap.


    .JU .:>l.p yk.A.)II-gatu ~aadfaar. The cat
    caught a mouse. 2. to fish. ~ ~ .J
    ~ ril:zna n$iid simac. We went
    fishing.
    ~~I n~aad
    VII to be caught, trapped. .:>L..,a;l .JL...i.ll 1-faar ~aad. The
    mouse was caught.
    ~ $eed (v.n. from .:>1..,.::. ~aad) 1. fishing. ~~ ~ $eed s-simac fishing.
    2. game, prey . ._:r-j .._;...JS" ~ ~
    ba$$alna $eed ki/lis zeen. We found
    very good game.

    ~~

    $ayyaad p. -iin

    1. hunter. 2.

    392

    fisherman.
    o~ ma~yada p.

    -aat 1. trap, snare.

    2. slingshot.

    J .J'i~

    ~ydl

    Ll..l.:-P

    ~aydala pharmacy, pharmacol-

    ogy. U...l:-P u"J.=~i 'adris ~aydala. I am


    studying pharmacy.

    J...L..:-P

    ~aydali

    p. U.=~~ ~ayaadila

    pharmacist, druggist.
    ~aydalaaniyya p.

    y':i..l.:-P

    -aat female

    pharmacist.

    .J(j ~

    ~yr

    )~ ~aar (~ y~iir)

    1. to happen,

    take place. ~ Jt...-:;. s-~aar? What has


    happened? ~ ;\.._,.:, L. rna ~aar sayy.
    Nothing h~ happened. C.J..,-i L... l~l
    ~~ ~

    su

    y~iir?

    'r,.....,JI 'ioa rna truul:z 1-yoom,


    If you don't go today, what

    happens? ~y~l ..:..;L.,.:, ~ mita


    ~aarat 1-l:zarb? When did the war take
    place? ...L,_;,.,.IJ ~ ;L.,.:, L. L.......JI U.
    has-sana rna ~aar /:zarr waayid. This
    year there hasn't been much hot
    weather. ~o ;~I ..:d..>: ~ ..J ;\.._,.:,
    ~aar-la

    {awila rna cifnaak. We haven't seen


    you for a long time. ~_,. ..J J~
    0'.:?fr"" ~aar-la mariif) subuuceen. He's
    been ill for two weeks. 3. to be
    possible, have a chance of occurrence.
    ~$_,......:.; L... J ~ ~ y~iir tiyi w-ma
    ncuufak? Could it be possible that you
    come and we don't see you? ..i>.T .J':;',t.1J.
    ~o ;~I y~iir

    'aaxio s-sayyaara? Can I


    take the car? .J~l .:.> J~ ._}J,; ~ L. ma
    y~iir ddiss b-duun 'ioin. You cannot
    get in without permission. l.i1 . ~ \..
    yl....J-1 ~-hi rna y~iir. 'aana 'adjac
    li-l:zsaab. No, you won't. I will pay the
    bill. JL.,.:, - ! L... l:! ._j>}:11 r-"' ximm
    1-'arf) ya saalim! - ~aar. Mop the
    floor, Salim! - O.K. 4. (with foil.

    imperf.) to start, begin to do s.th. Jw,


    ~ ~aar yamsi. He started to walk.

    C~I ...:,__... ~l-JI rJbi ..::...r--P


    'adaawim

    started to report for duty at six in the


    mormng.
    (no known p.) island.~ .~:""'
    ~iir bani yaas and .fr'P ~ .J'::4' $iir
    bani ~iir two U.A.E. islands.

    .J::-P
    ._,..L:!

    ~iir

    sayy b-l:zaadi() s-sayyaara?

    Has anything happened to him in the


    car accident? 2. to become, turn out to
    be, change into s.th. p.:~ ;l..o ~~ 'ibni
    ~aar daxtar. My son became a doctor.

    o~

    ~ ..::..; ' - ~ lil:zyita ~aarat beef)a.

    His beard turned grey. ~ ;l..o l,)lll


    1-maay ~aar ()alj. The water became
    ice. (,> ~ ~ ~ L.:..JI 1-casa y~iir
    cugb swayy. Dinner will be ready in a
    little while. o')\..,ajl ...:.,j J ;l..o ~aar wagt
    ~-~alaa. It's time for prayer. U ;l..o
    !}lA.....!;, L... ~_,k oL~aar-lana mudda

    $irt
    s-saaca siit ~-~abaa/:1. I

    ma#ir fate, destiny. ;_;A; o)j)l


    1-wazaara tgarrir ma~iira. The

    ministry will decide his fate. !} ~


    ~-41 ~ ma~iirak been

    iideena. He is
    the master of your fate.~~ _~-_;; J>l:zaag tagriir 1-ma~iir the right of selfdetermination.

    l:t (j ~ ~Yt
    ~ ~iit see under .b .J ~ ~w{.

    .J l:t 'i ~ ~y(r

    ~ ~aytar (~y~aytir) (with~


    cala)

    1. to control, dominate, com-

    393

    mand. ~ _,6.:.-..i y.Ui L.. ma 'agdar


    'a.~aytir
    ca[eehum. I can't control
    them. (::--P _,ll ~ ~ $ay{ar ca[a
    1-wapic. He took control of the
    2. to master, acquire a
    situation.
    command of s.th. ~ ~J J-j I}
    t..r--")1 gira zeen W-$aytar ca1a
    1-mawpuuc. He read well and mastered
    the subject.
    i ~ $aytara (v.n.) 1. control, command. o_,6.:-.. .!lJ L.. ma-lak $aytara
    ca[eehum. You have no command over
    them. 2. mastery, command. o~l
    ~ '-:?~'il ~ $-$aytara ca1a
    1-'ingiliizi $acba. Mastery of the
    English language is difficult.

    J'i~ $Y/
    ~ $ayyaf II (with .y can) 1. to get
    late, be late for s.th. t l.,.;;,.,. ~I .f ~
    $ayyaf can li-jtimaac. He was late for

    the meeting. 2. to spend the summer .

    0..L:.l l) ~ u_b
    ni~in daayman
    n$ayyiffi landan. We always spend the
    summer in London.

    .:.1

    ~ $eef (more common var. ~

    geep) summer, summertime. I_,..A.I ~


    ~I J ~JJ JL>. hni 1-hawa ~aarr
    w-ratib fi $-$eef Here the weather is
    hot and humid in the summer.

    J . oa ma$ii/ p.

    ~L.- ma$aayif

    summer resort.

    ,.'i ~

    $Ym

    ("! ~ $aayim see under f' .J I.JA $Wm.


    U'i~ $Yn
    ~

    (with the article prefix) ~~


    \'i-$iin China.
    ~

    $iini 1. Chinese. 2. a Chinese.

    ~ $iiniyya

    p. JI.J-P $awaani tray.

    l.b {aa
    lk {a a name of the letter ..b

    t.

    .; ..J ~ I .b {aabwr
    JY.lJ:, taabuur p. ~1_,1 {uwaabiir line,
    column (of soldiers). <../"'LJ-1 JY.L1JI
    t-taabuur 1-xaamis the fifth column.

    c,j ~ I .b {aagy

    Wlb

    {aagiyya (more common var.


    ~ gaJ:ifiyya) p. J1_,1 {uwaagi skull
    cap (usually worn under a ojS- gitra
    headcloth).

    .; l.b {aar
    )lb (aar p. Jlpb tiiraan tambourine.
    ~ ..J

    I .b {aaws
    ...r'JJlJ:, {aawuus p. l.)'"'":!JI_,1 {uwaawiis
    peacock.

    ~..H

    .J.b (bb
    ~ (abb (~ y(ubb) 1. to enter, go

    in. o..r-J-1 ~ tabb 1-l;ijra. He entered


    the room. 2. to reach. ~I ~ tabb
    1-halad. He reached the city. W.
    ~ ~L.JI tabbeena s-saaca xams.
    We arrived at five o'clock. 3. to hit
    the ground. ~ J J _,; if C lb {aal; min
    foog w-tabb. He fell from above and
    hit the ground.
    ~ tibb

    ~ tibbi medical. _;.. ~fa!;~ tibbi


    medical examination.
    ~

    tabiib (more common var. ]>:,


    daxtar) p. ~i 'atibba medical doctor,
    physician. JL-...i ~ tabiib 'asnaan
    dentist. (.,$ ~ ~ tabiib beetari
    veterinarian.
    [~ .b tbJ
    ~lJ:, taabaj III (common var. ~l.b
    taabag) to agree, correlate with s.th.
    ~I ~\..,a)\ ...:..>.:\.b taabajat 1-bi{Jaaca
    t-cayyna. The merchandise is like the
    sample .

    ~l..J:.r ttaabaj VI to go together, to be


    congruent with each other. ~~
    J ~~ '-?" }JIJ 1-kanaba w-1-kirsi
    yittaabguun. The sofa and the chair go
    together (in color and style).

    t~ .b {bx

    ~ tubax (~ yitbax) to cook.~ .r~1 ~ ~ J J--:? ~ l;urumti


    tbaxat Cees w-la!;am cafa f-casa. My
    wife cooked rice and meat for dinner.

    ~I

    if
    ~i l:;!\J i.r-ll ~ '1
    Ia titbaxiin 1-yoom. raayil; 'ayiib 'akil
    min 1-ma(cam. Don't cook today. I'm
    going to get some food from the
    restaurant.

    ~~ ntubax VII to be cooked . ._r.JI


    ~ ~ f-cees yintubax b-saac. Rice
    can be cooked quickly.

    I. medicine, medical science.


    ~ J"JJ....j !.ILJ.;i 'abgaak tidris tibb. I
    want you to study medicine.
    2.

    medical treatment.

    ~ W:> tbaaba

    also known as ~I
    ~\ t-tibb s-sacbi folk medicine.

    JS'i

    tabix (v.n. from~ tubax) cooking, cuisine.

    395
    ~ {abxa (n. ofinst.) p. -aat meal,

    it.

    dish.

    ~ {abca

    t~

    tabbaax p. ~L:k tubaabiix, -iin.

    cook.

    ~ matbax p. ~L,Ia.. ma{aabix


    kitchen. (prov.) ~ Ua.. ~ ga{u
    ma{aabix. He eats like a pig. (lit., "A
    cat of kitchens."). ~1_,... l..l" ).}-~) 1-matbax matruus mawaaciin
    wa~xa. The kitchen is full of dirty
    dishes.

    tJai'

    t ~ {be
    ~ tubac (~ yi{bac) I. to drown.
    ~ ~ ~I 'illi yi{mac yi{bac. He

    who is greedy will drown. 2. to sink.


    ~ ~)1 1-markab tubac. The boat
    sank. 3. to type. Y(,>~l ~ ~i
    'inta ti{bac 'ingiliizi? Do you type
    English? Yl .J ..:..,Y, {ubact-la 1-xa{!.
    I typed the letter for him. 4. to print.
    ~L..:S"' ...___l - .b L .L:l,-1 1-yaamca
    {bacat-la ktaabeen. The university
    printed two books for him.
    ~I ntibac

    VII l. to be typed. Yl
    Y':J _,J ~I 1-xaf( ntibac /o Ia? Has the
    letter been typed or not? 2. to be
    printed. YyL..:SJI U. ~I cJ-!.J ween
    ntibac hal-kitaab? Where was this
    book printed?
    ~ tabic (v.n. from ~ tubac)

    1.
    printing, typing. ~I J tabt t-tabic
    in press, being printed or typed. 2.
    temper, disposition, nature. y _,... ~
    ,r.ll ..:r-j tabca muub zeen 1-yoom. He's
    ill at ease today.

    {abean

    of course, certainly.

    4::!..1.:,:. {abean xaoeeta. Of course I took

    1. (v.n. from~ tubac)


    drowning, sinking. ~~ -..:...- sana/
    t-tabca the year of violent storms and
    hurricanes in I872 (lit., "the year of
    drowning"). 2. (p. -aat) edition, issue
    (of a publication).
    ~ {abiica

    I. nature. ~~ Jl...l.-jamaa/ t-tabiica the beauty of nature.


    2. (p. ~L:k tabaayic) peculiarity, trait.

    ~ tabUCi I. natural. ~ ~J\;


    taariix {abi;c; natural history.
    2.
    l..i.a haaoa
    normal, ordinary. ~
    saw {ab;;c;. This is natural. That's
    natural.

    -r-

    t ~ tabbaac p. -iin printer, typesetter.


    ~ ma{baca p. ~L,Ia.. ma{aabic l.

    printing press. 2. print shop.

    t~

    {aabic p. ~l_,k {uwaabic postage


    stamp. ~\J.) ~ J--'. ~lk ~ ca{ni
    {aabic bu xams daraahim. Give me a
    five-dirham stamp.
    U.~ {aabica p. -aat typewriter . ._,.;IS"
    ~lk

    kaatib {aabica typist.

    ~l....$.,.,Ja.e ma{buucaat
    printed matter.

    (invar. p.)

    ~~ tbg

    J!\k {aabag see under~ "t {bj.


    J!l..k {aabig p. J-!l_,k {uwaabig floor,
    story (of a building). J!Uall

    J&- ~~

    .._,.....Ul-1 1-maktab cala t-{aabig 1-xaamis.


    The office is on the fifth floor. o-l:.&J--!I_,k ?
    ~~ c;nda bnaaya xams
    tuwaabig. He has a five-story
    building.

    396
    J~

    tbl
    j-:k tabbal

    II

    tiral:z 1-yaahil cala 1-meez w-9raba


    'ibra. The doctor laid the child on the

    to beat the drums. :)

    table and gave him a shot. 2. to dock,


    anchor. ....A.:--ll .:..r--- ~; ..:,..;... )> ~\
    s-safiina tral:zat gariib min s-siif. The
    ship docked near the seashore. 3. to
    have a miscarriage. .fJ cy, ,P. ..:..,;..l1

    J ~J J ~ ..r'UI ..r'.r---JI fi 1-cirs

    n-naas ytabbluun w-ygannuun. In a


    wedding people beat the drums and
    sing.

    j-:k tabil p. J .,..-:1 tubuul drum. '-W


    J _,....:.A!J J _,..-:1JI J _,_.;~ ..r'UI <..1"_rJI lee/at

    ..;._.._:.. )>J taal:zat cala 1-'ar9 w-tra!:zat.


    She fell down and had a miscarriage.

    [-cirs n-naas ydigguun t-tubuul


    w-ygannuun. On the wedding night,

    c_~l ntiral:z
    VII to lie down,
    prostrate oneself. ~- ,p. c.P' ntiral:z
    cala yamba. He stretched out on his
    side.

    people beat the drums and sing.


    ~

    thee/a p. -aat l. dim. of~ tabil


    small drum. ~ .J--!i 'ubu thee/a one

    e,Jik taaril:z (act. part. from c.J. tiral:z)

    who uses a tambourine to wake people


    up to eat the early morning meal
    during the month of Ramadan. 2. car
    garage.

    uc.b

    at anchor, having anchored. ...::.>~I

    ....A.:--ll r- (.JL.J:, 1-jalbuut taarib yamm


    s-siif. The jolly-boat is anchored near
    the seashore.

    tl:m

    C,J~ matruul:z (p.p. from c.J. tiral:z)


    laid down, spread out. HI ~

    til:zan (~ yitl:zan) to mill,


    grind. ~ J J y-lkll J>- pll ..l>Li l:.S"
    Cinna naaxio /-birr !:zagg t-taal:zuun
    w-ntal:zna. We used to take the wheat
    to the mill and have it milled.
    ~~ ntil:zan VII pass. of

    .rJ:. til:zan.

    ~ tal:ziin (coli.) flour.


    I) yl....b

    taa!:zuun (common var. 4.i y-1.1.


    taal:zuuna) p. ~1_,1 {uwaal:ziin flour
    mill, grinder.

    ~ .b ..thnn
    uu\,.
    I)~

    tal:znuun

    Tahnun (male's
    name). J~ ~~ s-seex tal:znuun
    Shaikh Tahnun.

    on the ground?
    'I'.

    '-

    C.JG

    trl:z

    c_,rk tirl:z p. e,J_r1 truul:z American


    cucumber (kind of large cucumber).
    J.J .b trd

    ~ ,rk tirad (:J ~ yutrud) to dismiss,


    expel, drive away. oJ:J _), J J~ J~\
    1-biskaar haag w-tradoo. The servant
    stole and they dismissed him. Lo b!
    ..:L J:J ~ ,;; _r-11 t.,?L ~ 'ioa ma

    nijal:zt haaoi l-marra, yu{urduunak. If


    you don't pass (the exam) this time,

    't,) .b trl:z
    c...,..k

    Y.fJ cy, J.r- e,J.;k-- lees 1-cees matruul:z


    cala l-'ar9? Why is the rice spread out

    they will

    tirab (c~ yi{ral:z) 1. to cause

    s.o. to lie down flat, to lay flat. p...l.ll

    ;;.r.l do.!po J _r.ll

    yo\J:-1 c_), d-daxtar

    expel you. ~~

    .s.....:,.

    .r

    ~I .:.r--- U.:J _), l:zurumta l-maskiina


    {iradha min /-beet. He threw his poor

    397

    wife out of the house.


    ~};;I ntirad VII pass. of;)_). tirad.
    ~ ~ tard (v.n. from;)_). {irad) 1. dis-

    missal, expulsion. 2. (p. ;) ))> turuud)


    package, parcel. ~.J...p ...;>- ;) _). ...:.....;. _).
    tarrast tard ~agg $adiigi. I sent a
    package to my friend. ;) J_,...b.JI ~
    maktab t-turuud the parcel office.
    ~~~ {arraad p. -aat 1. motorboat. \..;5"'

    JG ;)\~:)

    ~~~J ;)\~:) ~J \.j\

    Cinna
    'aana w-bxeet ji tarraad
    w-cabda!!a ji tarraad 8aani. Bakkeet
    and I were in a motorboat and Abdalla
    was in another one. 2. cruiser (warship).

    .;.; .b {rr

    o.;l_}' traara (v.n.)

    begging, asking for

    alms. (prov.) ~ ~) o).)=JI o~


    .:JW.I ca/lamnaa t-traara w-sibagna

    cala 1-biibaan.

    Don't do favors for


    those who do not appreciate them. (lit.,
    "We taught him how to beg and he
    came ahead of us at doors.").
    Jl.,;---b tarraar p. ;; J)_,...--b {araarwa

    beggar .
    t~G$$il

    .:.?'" .:r-..G,-1) oJ))> J~ L. rna


    taraarwa waaydiin hni. You'll

    not find many beggars here. (prov.)


    _1, ~J ))> tarraar w-yitsarraf. Give
    him an inch and he'll take a mile. (lit.,
    "He is a beggar and has conditions.").

    J _,_.ll .:;...>- 'ams tarrast 1-biskaar ~agg


    s-suug. Yesterday, I sent out the
    servant to the market.

    U ~ tarsap. -aat 1. time, turn. ~lla


    ...r--!J o...:. _)=.JI haaoi t-tarsa w-bass. This
    is the last time.
    2. trip, journey.
    -.. :. . . . . ~ ..:...;U JJ \;1 ~ _). {arSattum
    1-'awwala caanat gabil sana. Their
    first trip was a year ago.

    Jo JLJ:, taaris p. ..})_,...b tuwaaris 1.


    messenger. ~I~ .y ..f.Jl1 \..;\..>..
    yaana taaris min maktab s-seex. A
    messenger came to us from the
    Shaikh's office.
    2. (as act. part.)
    traveling. ~~ y y ~j}kliJ .r--"\;1
    ~ .Jl11-'a~iir w-1-ma{aarziyya muub
    hni; {aariin. The prince and the
    bodyguards are not here. They are out
    of town .

    Jo.;-6 mtarris (act. part. from II..}_).


    {arraS) p. ~ _,6.... mtarrsiin. l. having
    sent, sent out s.o or s.th. ~ _,kll ,J
    ....,.......i ni~in li-mtarrsiina 'ams. We are
    the ones who sent it yesterday. 2.
    sending, forewarding s.th . ..}_;-1.... Lii
    '-:-"'~ J _,.,... ..:.U 'aana m{arris-lic ~yuul
    oahab. I am sending you (f.s.) gold
    bracelets. 3. sender (of a letter). \.j\
    ._}_,kll 'aana li-mtarri.S. I'm the sender.

    Jo_.-b

    mtarras (p.p. from II ._}~

    {arraS) having been sent or delivered.


    ~..dl ~ ._}_,..k.. .UI 1-xaf( mtarras

    JM.;.b trs
    jl~ {arras II

    1. to send, forward

    s.th. ~ i.f..r""'

    ..h...,.:...::.-...:;.)> {arras!

    xatt jawwi msajjal. I sent a registered


    airmail letter. ;) )> .J ...:..-;. )> {arrast-la
    tard. I sent him a package. 2. to send
    out, dispatch s.o. J~\ ..:.....;. )>

    V'""'i

    ~agg

    t-tindeel. The letter has been sent

    to the foreman.

    J.;.b trf

    .J ~

    {araf p. c..J\~1 traafend, edge,


    side. c..J )> .y min taraf 1. concerning,

    about. ~I ~~ __:, ~

    .:..r- ~l>-

    398

    baaceeta min taraf oiic 1-ga{Jiyya. I


    talked to him concerning that matter.
    2. in favor of. ..!,l; )o if ..l>.-IJ ~ 1ii1J
    wa!!a kallamta waayid min tarajk. I
    really talked a lot to him in your favor.
    U )\1, {aarfa relatives, relations. 4
    ~.!laJl...k JL>- ceefbaal taarfatk? How
    are your relatives?

    u,jM J.; ~

    trfin

    ~L.!J.;k tirfisaana p. -aat butterfly.

    '

    ~.J~ trg
    tatarrag V to touch (on a
    subject), go into s.th. (_,.P y Jl J p
    ~ tatarrag 'ila maw{Juuc yijhala. He
    touched on a subject he didn't know.

    s.o. 's face . .:r.,:;i_). ..:; _).{raga traagteen.


    He slapped him twice.

    Jl_;k {raag (v.n.) slapping, smacking.


    Ul_;k traaga (n. ofinst.) p. -aat slap,
    smack. ..:;..U _). J Jl~ c7' sibac traag
    w-traagaat. He was slapped so many
    times.
    ~.)~ trg

    ail_;k

    {raaga (common var. 4..bL malta)


    diarrhea.
    ~.) ~ trm

    ~.,..bi 'atram f. Lo )o {arma p. i )o {irm,

    ..:r.:--_). tirmiin (more common var. ~~


    'agtam) dumb.

    fresh, moist, tender. ~~ ~ ~ J


    c.>~ J.>-- ';J (,?Lo rasseet ca[ee swayyat
    maay lajil yitra. I sprinkled it with a
    little water so it will be fresh. ~I \...
    t. ~ c.>~ L.... hal-labam rna yi{ra
    b-saac. This meat doesn't become
    tender quickly.

    4i.,..b tiri fresh (fruit, vegetable), lean


    (meat, etc.)

    c.>.,..bi

    'atra (elat.) I. (with if min)


    more tender, leaner. 2. (with foiL n.)
    the most tender, the leanest.

    (j.J }Q try

    trg

    J ~ tirag ( J ~ yu{rug) to slap s.o. or

    4i.,..b tiri (c.>~ yi{ra) to be or become

    oJl.;k taraawa freshness, tenderness.

    J .;--l:z1

    "~.J~

    .J.J~ trw

    See ~i 'agtam under

    ,.utgtm.
    ":' ~.J ~ trmb

    ~ )' {rumba p. -aat water pump.

    4i)lJ, {aari reputation, good name. y.


    4:).1 t. U. )~ ~ ~ bu {Jabi b-kill

    daar saac taariiha. The reputation of


    Abu Dhabi became widespread in
    every place.

    ',jM ,jM ~
    .;...l=o

    tss

    tass (~ ytiss) to vanish, disappear. J-1. J ~ ':Jl J_,...z L... rna tguul
    'ilia jinni w-tas.f You would only say
    that he was a demon and vanished.

    ",jM ,jM ~

    tss

    tass(~ ytiSS) I. to spill (water,


    etc.). (,?Lll _;.1. tass 1-mayy. He spilled
    the water. 2. to scatter, strew around.
    c_ G:-..LII J-:>- ~ J--1 tass saciir bagg
    d-diyaay. He sprinkled barley for the
    chickens. 3. (with IJJ wara) to make
    an effort, endeavor, attempt (to do
    s.th.) ~\.&. JjJ IJJ _;.1. tass wara rizg
    caayilta. He made an effort to work for

    ._;:J,

    399

    W tacna p. -aat stab, thrust.

    his family's livelihood. 4. to sprinkle,


    drizzle. J---1 ..,....111 1-mutar tass. It
    sprinkled.

    IJ_yl.J:, taacuun plague, pestilence. J..j.


    ~l.l_yL.k.ll ~ ~ ._:..,L. ..~>-IJ ~ tbiidcam
    waabid maat fi sanat t-taacuun? Do

    tass (v.n.) light drizzle. "j..__;.. ~


    J-k.l~ ya hala b-t-tass w-r-rass!
    (Phrase used to welcome a very dear
    person). You are most welcome here!
    (as if the person were descending from
    heaven).

    you remember how many people died


    during the year of the plague?

    !._;.)J

    ~e..~ {g$

    tag$ (common var. 1_,_.. hawa)


    weather, climate. ~ i _,..)I ~I ~
    {:eef t-tag$ 1-yoom? How is the
    weather today? jL;..) .JL>. i _r-11 ._rAkjl
    t-tag$ 1-yoom }Jaarr w-}Jaaff. The
    weather today is hot and dry.

    ...,......ak

    ~t~ (C$

    ~ W$ p. J" _,.......b tcuu$ sandhill,

    dune.
    ~t ~ rem
    ~ taccam

    II 1. to inoculate, vaccinate. lp-J_p:.l1 ..L.P ........., .J..UI :. 'Y Ji I~

    lit~tgy
    ~ tiga ( AYi{ga) 1. to be or become tyrannical, cruel, despotic. ~
    ~ ,.:.LJ.. .Jl....o leen $Gar malik, tiga.
    When he became king, he became a
    tyrant.
    2. (with ~ cafa) to
    overshadow, dominate. ~ ~ Ll.lr....:.>WI J--.5' JUo- jamaalha {iga cala
    jamaal kill 1-banaat. Her beauty
    overshadowed all the girls' beauty.

    {accamaw 'awlaad 1-madrasa (Jidd


    1-koleera. They inoculated the school
    kids against cholera. 2. to feed, give
    food to. a..... .J..UI lyi.J L. _y Ll.~ ~
    taccamat cyaafha gabil-ma raa}Jaw
    1-madrasa. She fed her kids before
    they went to school.
    ~ tacim taste, flavor. .J L. JS"'~I l..l,
    ~ haaoa 1-'akil ma-la tacim. This
    food has no taste. ~l;.. ~ racma
    baami(J. It tastes sour.
    ~uJ:, tacaam
    pit. s. -a.

    ut ~

    1. food. 2. (coil.) date

    ten

    ~ Wan (~ yWan)
    ~

    1. to stab.

    p~ ~ (iCna b-1-xanyar

    marrateen. He stabbed him twice with


    the dagger. 2. (with y b-) to find fault
    with, discredit. ...;Jl,.:.~ ~ .J...l4.i L. rna
    tigdar tWan b-'aaxlaaga. You cannot
    find any fault with his character.

    ~ll:o taagi (act. part. from~ tiga) p.

    o\Ab {ugaa tyrant, despot.

    cJ

    .b tfo.
    ~ tufa~l (yiifa}J) 1. (with y b-) to
    become full of, to be overflowing
    with. (,>LI.~ ~ ~I 1-bafiiz tufab
    b-1-maay. The office was flooded with
    water. 2. to overflow, run over.
    ~LJI .:.r-- (,>UI tufal:z 1-maay min
    t-taanki. The water overflowed from
    the reservoir.

    eA1

    .;'-'~

    ifr

    ~ tufar (~ yuifur) to jump. _rib

    400
    ri;..L.JI .:.r-" ~I tufar 1-gatu min
    d-draam. The cat jumped out ofthe
    waste basket. }-" 6.;... A J~ yigdar
    yuifur sitta mitir. He can (broad) jump
    six meters.

    ~ tafur (v.n.) jumping, leaping.

    w1)4

    ~I

    b-z-zaana pole
    vaulting. ~_ro.ll .r--"kJI t-tafur [.. carii9
    long jump.

    o_,...@

    t-tafur

    tafra (n. of inst.) p. -aat jump,

    leap.

    JJJ::, tfl

    J.b

    tift! p. JI..Aki 'atfaa/ infant, baby.


    j..o>k J..-4k o_,..; \~ L.. ma yiftihim;
    tawwa {ijil yaahil. He doesn't know;
    he's still a small child. Jl.....iki y::.
    daxtar 'atfaal pediatrician.
    4l p tufuula infancy, childhood.

    ':?JJ::, tfy
    ~ taffa II I. to put out, extinguish.
    ~)-1

    l_,..ik Jl.bll JL.,. J rijaall-mataafi

    taffaw 1-~ariij. The firemen put out the


    fire. 2. to turn off, switch off. ~
    ~ ~ ..;-..) . ~~ taffi f-leet. lees
    sabbeeta? Turn off the light. Why did
    you turn it on?
    ~ tta.ffa V pass. of~ tufa.
    ~~ ntufa

    to go out, be
    extinguished. -.:....)]1 ~I ntufa 1-leet.
    The light went out. ~~ J,!)-1/-~ariij
    ntufa. The fire was extinguished.
    ~ matfa p.

    VII

    l)L..k.- mataafi fire

    extinguisher. -JL..b.l.l
    l-mataafi the firemen.

    JL>.-J

    rijaal

    ~ maifi (p.p. from ~tufa) turned


    off, switched off. ~ opi J>- c...:JJI

    1-leet ~agg 1-~ijra maifi. The light in


    the room is turned off.
    ~~J::, {gg

    J-k

    {agg (J-k. y{igg) I. to beat, flog


    0\_,s::._... 0U G') i l l yl o_rAk
    taggoo 'imyat {agga linna caan
    sakraan. They flogged him a hundred
    y.
    lashes because he was drunk.
    ~ huwa IIi taggani. He's the one
    who beat me. 2. to knock at (the
    door). ..,.A..~\ J-k {agg 1-baab. He
    knocked at the door. (prov.) Jk .:r
    yly!:-1 C:!" yWI man {agg 1-baab simac
    1-jawaab. Where there's a will there's
    a way. 3. to hammer. J ;L-ll Jk
    ~L.J..I tagg 1-mismaar ji 1-~aayit. He
    hammered the nail into the wall. 4. to
    steal. c.f}All JS' ~ J:!WI 1-baayig {agg
    kill li-fluus. The thief stole all the
    money.
    S.O.

    Jll

    ~~ n{agg VII pass. of~ tagg.

    J-k

    tagg (v.n. from ~ tagg) I. beating, flogging. J-.u ..;...b ~ ;......_., ~aar
    fiiha tagg nicil. There was fierce fighting (among a group of people). 2.
    knocking at (the door). 3. hammering.
    4. stealing.
    Uk tagga (n. ofinst.) 1. smack, blow,
    knock. 2. lash, stroke.

    ":" J .b tlb
    ~ tilab (~ yatlub) 1. to ask for,
    request, apply for. ,y o::.~j ~ J_,sJI
    ~...l..dl 1-kuuli tilab ziyaada -min
    t-tindeel. The coolie asked the
    foreman for an increase (in his salary).

    r-"';::. ~ ill-..i l.?" ~ tilab minni


    'asallfa miiteen dirhim. He asked me

    401

    to loan him two hundred dirhams.


    t..fofr"\;1 0\y...UI ~ y...;. ~ tilabt sugul
    fi d-diiwaan 1-'amiiri. I applied for a
    job in the Emiri court. 2. to send for
    s.o. J _,....JI ~ ...l>-IJ ~.:l <0~ o_r.lk U. _r:.ll
    s-sirta t/aboo linna dicam waal:zid fi
    s-suug. The police sent for him
    because he had run over someone
    (with his car) in the marketplace. 3. to
    order. 0~\J:.I .:.r ; )-!'""" ....Ji ~ tilabna
    'alf sayyaara min 1-jaabaan. We
    ordered a thousand cars from Japan.
    4. to be owed money by, be the
    creditor of. _;~.:l ....Ji ~ yatlubni 'alf
    diinaar. I owe him a thousand dinars.
    ~l..k taalab

    III (with~ cata) to


    claim s.th., make a demand for s.th.
    ~ t LP '~ -..,JL.,b; L.. l~l 'ioa ma
    ttaalib b-!:zaggak, 9aac minnak. lfyou
    don't ask for what you are entitled to,
    you'll lose it.
    ~ ttallab

    1. to beg, ask for


    alms. Jl_,...., \;1 ~ 0~ if\.; .Y jli naas
    yittallabuun fi l- 'aswaag. There are
    people who beg in the marketplaces.
    2. to require, necessitate. ~I I L
    .J":--P , . Lk-.: haaoa s-.Sugul yittallab
    ~abir. This work requires patience.
    ~~ ntilab VII pass. of -.,...11 tilab.
    ~

    talab p. -aat 1. demand, claim.


    talabak ca[a
    r-raas w-f-ceen. Your demand will be
    gladly accepted. 2. request, application.
    ojL...>.-l J--->- , .
    lb ~..u
    gaddamt talab l:zagg 'ijaaza. I submitted a request for vacation. 3. demand
    (comm.). ~\ ...L:.&- cind !-talab on
    demand. ~IJ ...?'.rJI f-car9 w-t-talab
    supply and demand.
    ~\) if\~\ ~ ~

    a_.1k taiba, ~".>\1 tlaaba p. ~".>\1


    tilaayib 1. dilemma, difficulty, problem. ~ ".>\1 a _ ;., oil ...:... _; L._.,., ~aarat
    1-gai}iyya tlaaba. The case became
    very complicated. '-:---:!~\ y.i 'ubu
    2. bridal
    t-tilaayib troublemaker.
    money, dowry. ~ ~ w,bjl 0~
    U.y.i J->- 4 ~J yl:zuttuun t-talbafi
    santa w-ycatuunha !:zagg 'ubuuha.
    They put the bridal money in a bag
    and give it to her father.
    y"}lk tallaab p. ~".>\1 tlaaliib, ~j\1.
    tallaaba beggar, one who asks for
    alms. (prov.) .b ~J y')Lb tallaab
    w-yitsarrat. Give him an inch and he
    takes a mile. (lit., "He is a beggar and
    has conditions.").
    ~ mat/ab demand, claim.
    ~l..k taalib

    1. (p. y".>\1 tullaab) student, pupil. 2. (act. part. from -.,...11


    tilab p. -iin) asking or having asked
    for s.th., requesting or having
    requested s.th. ~\....... ~ o.:l4j -..,j\.1 L;\
    'aana taalib ziyada ji macaasi. I am
    asking (or I have asked) for an
    increase in my salary. U...t: ~\.1 .:)U.y.i

    .:_,-- nil:zin taalbiin yaddaha min

    'ubuuha. We have asked her father for


    her hand in marriage.
    Y ylk.o mat/uub (p.p. from ._,..J1 tilab)
    1. having been requested, required,

    wanted. ~_,lk... ~I ..r. '~ ~ 4 ya


    hala fiikum, bass 1-bint matfuuba. You
    are welcome, but the girl's hand in
    marriage has been asked for. y _,lk...
    ... Gl L..., .:..r--- matfuub min saalim
    'inna... It has been required of Salim
    that he...
    2. due, owed (money).
    J~.:l ~ ~ y _,....Jk.. matfuub

    402

    minnak xamsiin diinaar. You owe fifty


    dinars. 3. (with J /-)indebted to s.o.
    ill y _,11.. \.iT 'aana matluub-lak. I am
    indebted to you. 4. wanted (in classified ads). i~ ~p, ~ y _r11..
    matluub sigga b-IJijrateen noom. A
    two-bedroom apartment is wanted. 5.
    wanted (by the police, government,
    etc.) J~ ...:,':} a.1 _,....::lJ y _,..J1..,. matluub
    lis-sirta linna baag. He's wanted by
    the police because he has stolen.

    Q~ ~ J/11 tfacat 1-'uula cafa


    banaat $afjha. She ranked first among
    here classmates. oy- j J <..f'~ ~ tifac
    cassaas w-zaxxoo. He turned out to be
    a spy and they arrested him. 6. (with
    ~ cafa) to take after. o.J--!j ~ ~
    tifac cafa 'ubuu. He takes after his

    y....;....:.

    Jll

    father. (prov.) j;u oy.i ~


    lo
    'illi ma yitfac cafa 'ubuu nagal. Like
    father like son. (lit., "He who doesn't
    take after his father is a bastard.").

    ell'

    tJl:t rtc

    (F
    e:-ll'

    ~ tifac

    yitfac) I. to go out, get


    out. .; r.
    \~ y Y' muub hni; tifac
    barra. He's not here; he went outside.
    2. to appear, come into view. ~I
    ~ ~L.JI UJ)I ~ 1-gumar yitfac
    /-lee/a s-saaca tisic. The moon will
    appear at nine tonight. l) ~~
    ~o...L.:_},.I tifac 'ismak ji 1-jariida? Has
    your name appeared in the newspaper?
    ~ 0b...::.. ':11 ~ natiijat li-mtil}aan
    tfacat. The result of the examination is
    out. oi.J) lr" _;?lo !.0)I 'uturka!
    ma yitfac xeer min waraa. Leave him!
    Nothing good will come from him.
    ;(,jG ~ LJ ~ tfacat-lana muskila
    ()aanya. Another problem has come up
    for us. 2. to grow forth, sprout. C WI
    ~ ~ L.. t-tiffaaiJ ma yitfac hni.
    Apples don't grow here. 3. to gush

    elk

    e:lb

    out. 0L.. j .:.r' ~


    JJ,HI 1-batrool
    tifac hni min zamaan. Oil gushed out
    here a long time ago. 4. to leave, exit,
    depart. :i....,., .J..ll I .y
    0 b...::..':} I l) .hi...
    li-mtil}aan w-tifac min
    $igat ji
    1-madrasa. He failed the examination
    and left school. 5. to come out, rank,
    tum out to be, prove to be. ~

    e:lli)

    tallac II I. to bring out, show,


    expose. (prov.) <..1")1.11 ~ .J~I l) Jll
    'illi ji 1-jidir y{allca 1-millaas. Ti~e
    will tell one's good and bad qualities.
    2. to obtain, get, acquire. r-"' .J;, ~
    ~ i ~I l) e:_:--l6.; cam dirhim ttal/i< fi
    1-yoom? How many dirhams do you
    make a day? ...r-"i c:.r---)
    tal/a<
    leesan 'ams. He got a driving license
    yesterday. 3. to dismiss, expel, throw
    out. .J.;.,___;, ,y 0 _,Jb tallacoo min sugla.
    They dismissed him from his job.
    6...0......::JI .:.r' .......Jb ?' Jll 1-mu'ajjiir tal/a<a
    min s-sigga. The landlord evicted him
    from the apartment.

    elk

    tlu,

    taafac III I. see, look at. ui ~~~

    ~~ e:\L.b.i .J.J...Oj lo [J.? ~ 'ioa 'inta


    tabi tizzawwaj ma tigdar !{aalic 1-bint.
    If you want to get married, you cannot
    see the girl. ~~ ..:....JL.b J .._.j _; _):.
    {arras 'umma w-{aafacat 1-bint. He
    sent his mother and she looked at the
    girl. 2. to study . ........, ).J;, e:\~ ..W gicad
    y{aafic druusa. He started to study his
    lessons.

    ~ tafca p. -aat 1. going out. 2.


    excursion, short trip. 4.....l.b ~..l:;. ..::...L~I
    ~~...l...p J-->" 1-banaat cindahin tal<a

    403

    -aa, .kW. ~ l:zabbat tamaaf, p. ..:...1.,.>.kL...k l:zabbaat tamaaf. .r-11 JU:- .kWall
    t-tamaat gaali 1-yoom. Tomatoes are
    expensive today. rL...k ~_;......!.1 stireet
    (amaa(. I bought (some) tomatoes.

    /:lagg $adiigaatlin. The girls are going


    to see their friends.

    t_')\la:;....l stif[aac as in t_~)il ~


    l:zubb li-stif[aac curiosity.

    ~c.J~ tlg
    ~ f[agat (~ tif[ag) to be in labor.
    ~

    ..:...;L..S y_;)l

    ~I LAJ.l,:.

    xaoooha 1-mustasfa linha caanat


    titlag. They took her to the hospital
    because she was in labor.
    ~ fa/lag

    J4>--

    II to divorce. L. 4-i)i

    4-411

    ~L>.- tallagha linha rna yaabat

    f" ~ f" ~ tmtm


    ~ (am(am (~ y(amtim) to
    cover up, conceal, hide. ~I l_,...)a...k
    d''"j.;.:. J tamtamaw 1-ga{Jiyya w-xa!aa$.
    They covered up the story. and that
    was the end of it.

    t.f" ~

    (me

    yihhaal. He divorced her because she


    didn't bear children. (prov.) 4-411 Ju
    ~I ~ .11 jU . ~f .L:.IJ gaa/
    talligha w-'ixio 'uxutta. gaal 'a!!a
    yilcan 9-9inteen. Between the devil
    and the deep blue sea. Hobson's
    choice.

    ~ (umac (~ yi(mac) I. to be or
    become greedy. e:;k ~ .:.r !~)'fa
    ti(macf man (umac tubac. Don't be
    greedy! He who is greedy, will drown.
    2. (with I) fi) to covet, envy, be
    envious of. ~ o_r.j- jL. I) ~
    .UL. 'illi yitmac fi maal geera yxasir

    Jl1;I ttallag

    maala. He who covets somebody


    else's wealth, will lose his. 3. to be
    anxious, to aspire, wish, yearn. ~
    ~G- ~ yitmac Y$iir /:laakim. He's
    anxious to become a ruler .

    V pass. of II ..;1k tallag.

    J~ talaag divorce.

    J)IJ, (aalig p. -aat divorcee, divorced


    woman. ..;:._...ji ,.!.L.-=..r ._;..> .:.J; 1.:.!

    .!.1...#

    a_..;~ ..:....JL.....o ,..;..l..r'

    ..:..')U Jll1

    'ioa gilt l:zagg /:lurumtak, "'inti taa/ig, "


    9a/aa9 marraat $aarat mu/:zarrama
    ca[eek. If you say to your wife, "You
    are divorced," three times, she is no
    longer your wife legaiJy.

    ll cJ ~

    fly

    ~ tili (common var. ._;...? cabS) p.


    (jti f[aay ram, male sheep. _?.:. JkJI
    ~I t-tili oakar li-ncaya.

    A ram is the

    male of a ewe.
    ~If'~ tmaat

    ,1,\.J, tamaat (coil.) tomatoes. s. oU.W.

    Jll

    ~ tamac (v.n.) greed, greediness,


    covetousness.

    t L-k

    tammaac p. -iin greedy,


    avaricious. W. ..;)' 4....ai\J.I _r->- xisar
    l-munaaga$a linna tammaac. He lost
    the bid because he was greedy. )I
    !t_ L...k i.J_,...50/a tkuun (ammaacf Don't
    be greedy!

    tf'l:t tmg
    ~ tumag (~ yu(mug) to stamp.
    r..lll J-->- U..b:-1 L. j:i 4i.J)I \..Go J ~I
    'utmug-li hal-wurga gabil-ma 'aaxioha
    /:lagg 1-mudiir. Stamp this paper for

    404
    me before I take it to the director.
    ~ tamga p. -aat

    1. impression,
    imprint.
    2. stamp, seal. .UI l.i...2.
    ;; )j~l ~ c..?l.....J. J haaoa 1-xatt
    w-haaoi tamgat 1-wazaara. This is the
    letter and this is the seal of the
    ministry.

    f" f" ~ tmm


    ~ tamm (~ y{umm) 1. to bury,
    cover over. J..L..:)...I l) ~L....o..:ll r-1' (amm
    li-xmaam ji 1-xandag. He buried the
    garbage in the ditch. 2. (used with~
    eamm) to shut up . .j r-1' tamm ()amma.
    He shut up.

    .; o .b thr
    ~ tahhar II I. to purge, clean,
    purify. ..L....WI jL;):-1 ..;_, ~ ._.}:.:l1
    1-l:zukuuma {ahharat l-jihaaz 1-faasid.
    The government purged the system of
    2. to circumcise (more
    corruption.
    common var . .:_;:;..> xitan). See under
    uutxtn.

    ttahhar V pass. of II

    tahhar.

    )~ tuhuur (common var.

    Jl.:>.

    1.
    to be buried, covered up. 2. (imp.
    only) !r-WI ntamm! Shut up! Be quiet!

    xitaan) circumcision. ._,_..,.IJ J.rtkJI


    ~ J5' ~ t-tuhuur waajib ca[a kill
    muslim. Circumcision is required of
    every Muslim.

    ~ tamm, ~W:, {maam (v.n.) 1. burying, covering up. 2. roofing.

    ~L.J:, taahir religiously clean, pure.

    ~I n{amm VII pass. of

    r-1' {amm

    ,jl) ~ tnz

    annaz II I. to kid, joke. y .Y


    <$.!....>.- muubjiddi. daayman
    y{anniz. He's not serious. He's always
    cracking jokes. 2. (with ~ cala) to
    ridicule, make fun of. ~ !~ ~
    ~ _r.-.b ceeb caleek! Ia ttanniz
    ca[eehum. Shame on you! Don't
    ridicule them.
    ~ U;.l.:.

    J\.kj

    t{aanaz VI to ridicule, make fun


    of each other.

    o_r.-k tanza,

    j \.J:, tnaaz mockery, scorn,

    scornmg.

    o_r6 ma{naza p. j\1... ma{aaniz object


    of ridicule, laughing stock.

    UU.b

    .:.r--1 ~ c.?.J_,_ljl l:zumuulat 1-loori


    xamsiin {ann. The truck freight tonnage is fifty tons.

    {nn

    bl
    ~j':J ~~) ~ ~ ..:..;i

    f>L1 J_r-(:;
    'ioa 'inta muslim l:jalli w-t:juum laazim
    tkuun taahir. If you are a Muslim, and
    you pray and fast, you must be clean.

    1.:-'.J .b twb
    y ):> ruub p.

    ylyb

    .J.J .b {Wr

    )_,.kJ ttawwar V (common var. J~


    ta{awwar) to develop, evolve. ~~..;.._,
    ..;_,\ .J L_.. 'i I l) ..;_, n-_kj ..;_, L._, J l..$ J .HI
    :jinaacat
    l-betrookiimaawiyyaat
    ji 1-'imaaraat. The
    ta{awwarat
    of petrochemicals has
    industry
    developed in the Emirates.
    ,j,J .b {Wz

    j):> {ooz dust,


    {ann p. JLkl {naan ton. U _y?-

    {Waab cannon.

    duststorm.

    405
    I)"' .J l:t

    ~.,. tw/

    tws

    JL.k taaf (J ~y(uuj) 1. (with Jr

    V"l {aas p. -aat cymbals.


    t.....l {aasa p.

    <..!"_,.J.

    {uus 1. drinking
    bowl, cup.
    2. special sieve for
    determining the size of pearls.
    ~.Jl:t {ws

    U.l_fo twaasa dealing in pearls, buying


    and selling of pearls.

    Joi_,J:. tawwaas p. ,J-:!JI_,l:. tawaawiis


    pearl dealer. ._;,... ._r.w.ll .J.J"-::% ._ JI_,.;JI
    Jol_,..kjl 1-gawaaw~a ybUCuun li-gmaas
    bagg t-tawwaas. Pearl divers sell
    pearls to the pearl dealer.
    t.J l:t !We

    ( Lk {aac (~ yfUC)

    1. to obey, be
    obedient. ~...UIJ ~ ..J-:!j ...U J walad
    zeen. y(iic waaldeena. He's a good
    boy. He obeys his parents. 2. to heed.
    .i1 r"":A..S ~ y{UC kalaam 'a!!a. He
    heeds God's words.

    (JL.k (aawac III to comply with,

    r-lW

    accede to the wishes of. ....::->


    tJl1
    (aawac tacaaliim diina. He complied
    with the teachings of his religion.
    V (common var. tP
    tatawwac) to volunteer . ..MI ~ tP
    tatawwac fi 1-jees. He volunteered for
    the army. w4'J ~ tP tatawwac
    yistagil wiyyaana. He volunteered to
    work with us.

    (_,...kl t(awwac

    ( lk:..,.,i stataac X (more common var.


    J...U gidar) see under .J o.1 ~ gdr.
    ~I taaca (common var.

    t_,k tooc)

    ~bedience, submission to. ~I ~

    Alll ~l1 cafa /-muslim taacat 'a{{a. A


    Muslim should obey God.

    bool) to circumambulate, run around,


    walk around . ..::..1.1" t::::' ~\ J_,.- I..:.Ak
    tufna booll-kacba sabac marraat. We
    circumambulated the Kaaba seven
    times. 2. to float. '="lll ~ ....;, ~ ..,...k:J-1
    1-batab y(uuffi 1-maay. Wood floats in
    water. 3. to be or become flooded . .P.)
    ....;, _r--k; th-_;JI _,.--l.i leen tumtur
    s-sawaaric ttuuf When it rains, the
    streets get flooded. 4. (with ~ cafa)
    to exceed, be greater than . .>r Jl;...)
    ~I ~ JL..b ~ rayyaa/ cood
    cumra taaf ca[a s-sittiin. He's an old
    man who is more than sixty years old.
    5. to finish, come to an end. JL..b
    .;_j)1 taaf 1-wagt. The time is up. Jlk
    0.r.L.hJI JJ-"' J ..:....JJ taaf wagt wu~uul
    !-(aayra. The arrival time of the plane
    has passed.

    J .,J=o {awwaf

    II

    I . to guide, show

    around. C ~~ .J _,..;~ ~_,1.... ~ fii


    m(awwfiin y{awwfuun 1-l)ijjaaj. There
    are pilgrims' guides (in Mecca) who
    guide pilgrims around. 2. to build a
    wall around, to fence. J..L.:.All 1_,_;_,!:.
    ..L..,:..l>- .:.r-' U ~ {awwafaw 1-.fimdug
    b-toofa min badiid. They constructed
    an iron fence around the hotel.

    U.fo toofa p . ....;, _,l:.l 'itwafmud wall.


    ~Lk (aayif(act. part. from Jl1 (aaj)

    I. having made a circumambulation


    (of the Kaaba). ~I Jr ~lb.jj
    tawwni taayif boo/1-kaaba. I have Just
    circumambulated the Kaaba. 2. floating. 3. (with ~ cala) having exceeded.

    406

    4\k

    {aayfa p. ~l_,k (awaayiftribe,


    family. ~~\.1 ($i ~ ~i 'inta txi~~
    'ayy taayfa? Which tribe do you
    belong to?

    y{awwil cumrak.
    your life.

    J jA.o mtawwif(act. part. from II J _,k

    yittawwal. This
    lengthened.

    (awwaf) 1. having guided, shown s.o.


    around. C G..>- ....r-> J _,.b.. oy tawwa
    mtawwif xamas /:lijjaaj. He has just
    guided five pilgrims around (the
    Kaaba). 2. p. -iin pilgrim's guide to
    Mecca.

    J .J J::. twl
    J lk {a a! (J ~ y{uul)

    1. to reach get to
    (prov.) J_,.....A,! ~#I J~ L. JJI
    ~G. 'illi rna y{uulf-canguud yguul
    /:taami(J. Sour grapes . .:_r-- ._,.._,....l.AJI JLb
    ~I (aal li-jluus min c-ciis. He got
    the money out of the bag. ~ yU.
    ~ ..:Jl...k) o.r-..UI gaab can d-diira
    w-{aalat geebta. He went away from
    his town and didn't come back for a
    long time. !!.I~ Jl...k {aal cumrak!
    (introductory courteous phrase) May
    you live long! God prolong your life!

    s.th.

    J_,...b tawwal II 1. to linger long, last


    long. ~ J_,..J:.i L. J .:.U J.;i 'agul-lic
    w-ma 'a(awwil ca[eec. I will tell you
    (f.s.) and won't take too long. c_I.J
    ~; .J_,k) raa/:t w-{awwal. trayyeeta.
    He went and lingered long. I waited
    2. to lengthen, extend,
    for him.
    J_,..ki ~
    prolong. ~;;.JJ..l..-:5JI u
    mumkin !fawwil-li hal-kandoora? Will
    you please lengthen this dishdash for
    me? o~ J)> tawwal sacra. He let his
    hair grow long. ~~ !.:.U~ J)> (awwil
    baalak! digiiga. Hold your horses!
    Just a minute. J _,k. lu1 d _,..u:- lui J )>
    !.I~ (awwal af!a cumrak, 'a!!a

    May God prolong

    J_,J:u' ttawwal V to be lengthened. Lo.


    J~ L.. J ~~

    han-nafnuuf rna
    dress cannot be

    J_,l:a::-..1 statwal X to consider long,


    too long. o..lll J_,k.::-,1 sta{wall-mudda.
    He considered the time to be too long.
    Ll.l.b (aala-ma (conj.) as long as, while.
    ._;,L....J.I l) o~l....:!J ......__,; Lo , .r-..lll .r"' uu.
    (aala-ma huwa 1-mudiir, rna fii
    ziyaada fi 1-macaaS. As long as he's
    the manager, there's no increase in
    salary.

    J _,...b {uul 1. length. ~ ;:ll J _,k ~ cam


    (uul 1-meez? How long is the table?
    J_,.b.ll .6.:. xatt t-tuul the (geographical)
    longitude, the meridian. J ~ b-tuul
    the same length as. J~ o}.~--- ~i
    ($L 'abga sayyaara b-(uul haaoi. I
    want a car the same length as this. JsJ_,_J:. cafa {uul always, all the time.
    o)jy-ll l) J_,_.b ~ Lil ~~ ~-~ub/:1
    'aana cata tuul fi 1-wazaara. In the
    morning, I am always in the ministry.
    2. height, tallness. ~~ _,k
    cam
    (uulak? How tall are you? (prov.)
    a.b:...,., J--.G>- JWIJ a1t J)> J_,.b.ll t-tuul
    {uul nxa!a w-[-cagil cagil ~xafa. The
    mind of a child and the body of a man.
    ;;.JL...JI J )> tuulli-cmaara the height of
    the building. 3. (prep.) throughout,
    during. J-:DI J_,..k tuul /-/eel all night
    long . ..:..:;_,.II J)> {uu/1-wagt throughout
    the whole time. ti.r=- o.rs- J)> tuul
    cumra carraax. He's always a liar.

    r-.5'

    Ll._,k {uul-ma = ll.l..b taala-ma.

    407

    tj .J

    {Wy

    ~~ tuwa {(.$~ya{wi) to fold, fold


    up, roll up. l) ~ J ._,.-.:kl_;.ll ~_,1.
    ~ {uweet 1-garaa{iis w-l)af{ettumfi
    bugsa. I folded the papers and put
    them in an envelope. I.A.~ J 4 J}I..S).
    {uwa z-zuuliyya w-saa/ha. He rolled

    up the carpet and carried it.


    ~tj

    tyb
    yl...b (aab (~ y(iib)

    1. to be or

    become pleasant, enjoyable, agreeable.


    1_,. . .1.1 .:.r-~ ~ cugub sahreen
    1-hawa y(iib. In two months the
    weather will be pleasant. .W ~\...1.
    ~I l) o..L..A.ll (aabat-/a /-gacda fi
    /-beet. Staying at home was pleasant
    for him. He liked staying at home. 2.
    to heal, recover (from an illness).
    ....,...ol...k L... o~ .rr jurl)i bacda ma
    (aab. My wound hasn't healed yet.
    ..)>,;-11 !.II~ .:.r-" ~ {ibt min oaak
    1-marap. I recovered from that illness.
    ~

    Jll

    ~ (ayyab , II

    I. to cure, heal.
    'illi y{ayyih
    huwa !!aah subl:zaanahu wa-tacaalaa.

    JL...UJ

    ....;~

    4ill

    y-J- ~

    The one who cures is God, be He


    praised and exalted.
    2. to make
    delicious, tasty. J-S\11 ~ r_r-!11
    0-0oom y{ayyib 1- 'akil. Garlic makes
    the meal delicious.
    ~ ta{ayyab
    V to perfume, scent
    oneself JS\11 ~ 0~ ~ ._,..L:.JI
    n-naas hni yi({ayyabuun cugb 1- 'akil.
    People here perfume themselves after
    eating.

    ~ tiib

    I. goodness. 'iiJ ~~
    ~~ b-t-tiib walla b-l-ga$b by hook
    or by crook. ~ ~ .:.r-- lh haaoa

    min (iib gafba. This is out of the goodness of his heart.>~>~ y- can (iib
    xaa(ir gladly. 2. incense.
    ~ {ayyib 1. delicious, tasty. c_l>.-..UI
    ~ '-$ _,...!J.I

    d-diyaay 1-maswi {ayyib.


    Grilled chicken is delicious. 2. fine,
    well, in good health. '~ ~..!.1 _,1-!.
    .J~ sloonak? (ayyib maskuur. How
    are you? I am fine, thank you. 3.
    good, nice. ~ JL.:.,. .J r-...U.I/-mudiir
    rayyaa/ (ayyib. The director is a good
    man.

    ~i 'atyab (elat.) 1. (with 0-" min)


    more delicious than, etc. 2. (with foil.
    n.) the most delicious, etc.

    Cti fYb
    (~ y{iil)) 1. to fall (down),
    drop . ..}>.J \il J.&- C l.k J ~I 1./I.J ~:>
    dicam raaci s-seekal w-taal) ca[a
    l-'ar{J. He hit (in a car accident) the

    e,l.b (aal)

    cyclist and he (the cyclist) fell to the


    ground. (prov.) ..;.J J.S ~I c_\...1. l~l
    ....:$~ 'ioa (aab 1-biciir kiOrat
    sicaaCiina. When it rains, it pours. 2.
    to fall ill, become sick . ..;.....:.-\.kJ ~~
    ~r {Jirabha w-(aabat marii{Ja. He
    hit her and she fell ill. 3. to be in
    season. ~L&. If""! J _,.._jl ...:...>-\...1. ~I
    1-hamba taabat s-suug bass gaalya.
    Mangoes are in season but they are
    expensive. 4. to lie down. J>- Clk
    ~I~ (aa}J. ca[ajanba 1-yimiin. He
    lay down on his right side. 5. (with 0-"
    min) to despise, look down upon. C lk
    ~ .s.....j'Y ~ ,y (aa}J. min ceeni linna
    yiskar. I despise him because he drinks
    (alcohol).

    ~ tayya}J.

    II to drop, cause to fall.

    408
    ~ .J _ylil j..--&:. L.. ~ cugub-ma
    gisal 1-maacuun (ayya/:za. After he had
    washed the plate, he dropped it. "-!_rP
    ....;P.; ~I ~ ~ J (Jraba w-(ayyal:za
    cafa 1-'ar(J. He hit him and caused him
    to fall down.

    ~ (eel:z (v.n. from C l.k (aal:z) falling.


    ~ teel:za (n. ofinst.) p. -aat a fall.

    (prov.)

    'Y

    ~ )1

    .._,.,J::. ~\... ~

    ~ ya maasi darb

    z-zalag Ia
    Ieeman {ee/:ztak. Don't stand in harm's
    way. (lit., "If you are on a slippery
    road, don't guarantee that you won't
    fall down.").
    ~ L.J:, (aayil:z (act. part. from C l.k {aal:z)

    I. falling down . .:..r- ~LJ, ..l.>-IJ ...:,.A..;.


    ~ J J_,...9 tift waal:zid (aayil:z minfoog
    w-tabb. I saw someone falling down
    from above and hit the ground. 2. low,
    inexpensive. t) ~l.k .1L...kll J~..._....i
    Jl_,......... ~I 'ascaar t-tamaat {aayha fi
    1-'aswaag. The prices oftomatoes are
    low in the marketplaces. 3. lying
    down. ~~ ~ ~ ~LJ, ~
    /:za$$alta taayil:z cafa janba 1-yimiin. I
    found him lying down on his right
    side.
    ..J

    'i l:,

    tyr

    .Jlk {aar

    (~ytiir) to fly off, fly away,

    take off. ;; _,._;.JI ~ .1._,.. J JLJ, ;:-k.JI


    t-teer {aar w-f:zatt ca[a li-syara. The
    bird flew off and perched in the tree.
    ;; /L:.. ....:..>.;Lk ;; ..r.L.bJI t-taayra (aarat
    mit'axxra. The plane took off late.
    ~ J! ~ y. i f ....:..> )> tirt min bu f)abi
    'ita gi{ar. I took a plane from Abu

    Dhabi to Qatar. 2. to fly up. ~I


    .:.r- JL1/-gamii$ taar min 1-hawa.

    lrA-1

    The shirt flew up because of the wind.


    ~ {ayyar

    II I. to cause to fly. 1_,..!.1


    ~I pb 1-hawa {ayyar 1-gamii$. The
    wind blew the shirt away. WI LA Jlr.
    ~ p-1:. jamaa/ hal-ibnayya {ayyar
    cag/i. This girl's beauty drove me
    mad. 2. to fly s.th. ~1.;\J. IJpb JI.,.JI
    .:.r-j ,_,....., ~ .JlS .J~ fi-cyaaf (ayyaraw
    (ayyaaraattum li'an caan fii hawa
    zeen. The kids flew their kites because
    there was a good breeze.
    ~ (eer p.

    .;_,..,1. (uyuur bird. ~I..!JI

    J .r---Jo .:.r--- L .....b..A.II J s-saahiin


    w-1-ga{aa min {uyuur 1-xa/iij. The
    peregrine and the sand grouse are
    among the birds that come from the
    Gulf. ~ .;.r---Jo {uyuur sheel
    migratory birds (that come from East
    Africa to the Gulf in the spring).

    ~I

    r..fo

    twayyir dim. of pb {eer small or


    young bird.

    .JlJ:. (ayyaar p. -iin pilot, flyer, aviator.


    o.J~ (ayyaara (common var. ii_~-l1
    {aayra) p. -aat, ft-:!l_,.k (iyaayiir I.
    airplane. 2. kite (toy).
    IJI~ (ayaraan (v.n. from Jl.k (aar) I.

    aviation, air. ~I .Jip-1:. (ayaraan


    1-xa/iij Gulf Aviation, Gulf Air. 2.
    flight, flying.

    .JL..k.o ma(aar p. -aat airport, airfield.


    1.$ .f.-.-s. JL,b... ma{aar caskari military
    airport.

    ~'i Jt:, tys


    ~t.J, (aas (~ y{iis) I. to boil over.
    ~~ Jolk (aas 1-f:za/iib. The milk
    boiled over.
    2. to be or become
    furious, very upset. ...,._.,;aA)I .:..r- _;.L1

    409
    {aas min l-ga9ab. He became furious.
    ~~ _;.LJ. {aas 1-ba}:zar. The sea was
    stormy.

    t'i

    !Yc

    ~ {ayyac II = t__,k {awwac II. See

    under t.J {We.

    U(j tyn
    ~ {iin (coli.) mud, clay. s. -a. o )>
    0;-1 0-' {oofa min {iin mud wall. ~lj
    ~ .:r.:-1J1 zaad !-!iin hal/a. He made
    things worse.

    oJ I~ (Jaad
    ~L.P

    uu~

    (Jaad name of the letter . f ().

    ~ ma(Jbata p. ~~ ma(Jaabit

    obb

    petition.

    (Jabb p. 0~ (Jibbaan large,

    desert lizard.
    ulu~ obaab

    y~

    (Jabaab (coll.) mist, fog (in


    J.--1 tall (in Qatari and
    Bahraini).

    U.A.E.). y~l .:.r-- .bj. .J...lZ L. o.r-lk.ll


    t-taayra ma tigdar t/Jutt min 9-(Jabaab.
    Airplanes cannot land because ofthe
    fog.
    .bu~

    obt
    0

    checking.
    3. exactness, precision.
    ~~ b-9-(Jabt exactly, precisely.

    ~ (Jibat (~ yu(Jbu!) I. to
    control, maintain control over. ~I U.
    ~I ~ .J~ L.. hal-mucal/im ma
    yigdar yu(Jbut $-.Ja.ff. This teacher
    cannot control the class. ~ ).J ~I
    !..!.L..il>- ~ J 'u(Jbut ruu!Jak w-,Jikk
    baljak! Control yourself and shut up!
    2. to keep records of. ..:..~L...,... ~
    d5"~I yu(Jbut !Jsaabaat s-sarika. He
    keeps the books of the company. L.
    1.,$~1 .WJ~ ~ ma yu(Jbut
    ma,Jrutifa s-sahri. He doesn't keep
    records of his monthly expenses. 3. to
    set, regulate, adjust. l;.j\>.L., ~ U.:.
    xa{!na nu(Jbut saacaatna. Let's set our
    watches.
    ~I n(Jibat VII pass. of~ (Jibat.
    ~ (Jab{ (v.n. from ~ (Jibat) 1.

    control, discipline. ~~ ~ (Jabt


    2. observation,

    .J-$aff class control.

    J:,~l

    n(Jibaat I. discipline. 4...;.,1,.


    lajnat n(Jibaat disciplinary
    board. 2. military policeman. c.?J.:.>..
    ..b~l jindi n(Jibaat military police..b~l

    man.
    ~l--"

    (Jaabit p . ..b~ (Jibbaat

    1.
    officer, military officer. 2. (act. part.
    from ~ (Jiba!) control, device,
    regulator. ..:.> ~~ ~~ (Jaabit .J-$00/
    sound regulator. ~~ 0 J~ b-duun
    (Jaabit out of control.
    J:, ~ ma(Jbuut I. accurate, precise.

    ..b ~ ..J _;A; ~I 'illi tguula ma(Jbuut.


    What you say is accurate. 2. (p.p.
    from ~ (Jibat) controlled, regulated.
    ..b ~ .b....;...aJI 9-(Jagt ma(Jbuut. The
    pressure is controlled.

    t. ~~

    ('Jbc

    9abic p. t_ ~ (Jbaac hyena. f.


    ~ (Jabca (also known as ..r'Ls. ~i
    'umm caamir).

    'i~~ ()by
    ~ (Jabi p.

    gazelle. ~

    y.i

    Jy

    (Jibyaan deer,
    'abu (Jabi, ~ y. bu

    (Jabi Abu Dhabi.

    "~ (Jibyaani 1. (p. -yyiin) an Abu


    Dhabian.
    2. characteristic of Abu
    Dhabi .

    411

    ~~~ 9ii
    ~ (Jajja uproar, noise, clamor.

    tic~ 9/:zC
    ~ 9ibac (~ yi(Jf:zac)

    laugh. .;-1J.I .!..11~ Jw

    1. to

    0:-J ~

    ~u

    gaarn yi(J/:zac teen caaf oaak 1-rnan(Jar.

    He started to laugh when he saw that


    scene. 2. (with ~ cafa) to make fun
    of, to ridicule. ~ \~ ~ L..
    ~ rna ca[eek rninna; yi(J/:zac cafeek.

    Don't pay attention to him; he's just


    making fun of you. 3. to cheat s.o.

    o\........o
    ..L,:.) ~ ~ (Jif:zac cafee
    w-xao jluusa. He cheated him and took

    his money.
    ~ (Jab/:zac to make s.o. laugh. lh

    ~ ~ haaoa filirn y(Jab/:zic. This is

    a film that makes people laugh. ~


    !~ Ia (J(Jaf:zf:zicni! Don't make me
    laugh!
    ~ t(Jaf:zf:zac V = ~ (Jif:zac.
    ~I n(Jif:zac

    VII (with~ cata) to


    be fooled, gotten the best of. <.S ~
    ~ ~ ~ . <Jl.b..,..;. tara seetaan. rna
    yin(Ji/:zic cafee. I warn you he's a clever

    rascal. He cannot be fooled.


    ~ (Ji/:zic (v.n. from~ (Jil:zac)
    laughter, laughing.

    ~ (Ji/:zCa (n. of inst.) p. -aat laugh.

    ~c~ (JI:zy
    ~

    II (with y b-) to
    sacrifice, offer up. J>-- ~ if" ~ ~
    o~JI, (Jal:zl:za b-kill sayy lajil blaada. He
    sacrificed everything for the sake of
    his country.
    (Jaf:zl:za

    ~ (Jil:za

    time of day between mom-

    ing and noon, forenoon. ~~~ ~


    (Jiba 1- 'a()neen late morning on
    Monday. ~I ':Ill~ L.. .<J'"j.__S"
    kaslaan. rna yniss 'ilia (J-(Jif:za. He's
    lazy. He wakes up only before noon.
    ~ (Ji/:ziyya

    p. ~l;....,o (Jaf:zaaya 1.
    slaughter animal. ~-4 .._,lll _,...;. ~I
    ~\ ._,.._,.1; 1-/:zajj huwa IIi yidfac jluus
    (J-(Ji/:ziyya. The pilgrim is the one who
    pays for the slaughter animal. 2.
    victim. J.--+=l:-1 ~ ...:......>-I.J raaf:zat
    (Ji/:ziyyat 1-yahil. She was the victim of
    ignorance. ~~ ~ c;;d (J-(Ji/:ziyya.
    ~')1 ~ ciid 1-'a(Jf:za. Greater
    Bairam, a sacrificial feast observed on
    the tenth day of the last month of the
    Islamic year.
    ..I ..I~ (Jdd
    ~ (Jidd
    1. against. c.?~ .J"' huwa
    (Jiddi. He's against me. ~~ W
    oi}-Ji \.; ~) ficabna (Jiddhurn
    w-xisarna 1-mubaaraa. We played

    against them and lost the game.


    ,~ .J ~

    J _,li;

    nigalooni (Jidd ragbati. They

    transferred me against my will. 2.


    -proof, anti-. c..?lli ..L..O (Jidd 1-maay
    waterproof. .JUI -L-.0 (Jidd n-naar
    fireproof. ..,........--<:.JI -L-.0 (Jidd 1-kasir
    shockproof.

    ":'*..J ~

    (Jrb

    y ~ (Jirab (y ~ yu(Jrub) 1. to
    strike, hit, beat. ._;LiiJ l?'-~ (Jirabni
    w-nf:zaa.S. He hit me and ran away.
    o_,..._J;;:; J

    ._,.,L......o )~

    o~~

    (Jraboo

    They shot him


    with bullets and killed him. "--"' _,-1.1
    b-r-ra:jaas w-gitloo.

    ;; A

    ~~

    1-mumarri(Ja (Jrabatni 'ibra.

    The nurse gave me a shot.

    .:,~~

    412

    pi ~ y

    ~~

    {Jrabatni s-sams. I had a


    sunstroke. JWI l) ~L,A.ll ~)I y _rP
    {Jirab r-ragam l-giyaasi ji s-sibaag. He
    broke the record in the race. J> )1 <~.!_?
    {Jraba l-mara{J. He fell ill. ._,.,_),.I y _rP
    {Jirab l-jaras. The bell rang. C ~ L.
    cr--l'-! "---!_?\ . -L:..G:- ~ y. ma til;taay
    juuti yidiid. 'u{Jurba baaliis. You don't
    need new shoes; shine them. y ~
    J- )~ yu{Jrub b-r-ramil. He practices
    geomancy. 2. to fire, go off. l...i _;1-t
    ~..UI y ? L..... ~ fitarna cugub-ma
    {Jirab l-madjac. We ended our fast
    after the cannon went off. 3. to
    multiply. ~ l) ~ ~.? L. ma
    {Jirabt xamsa ji sitta. You didn't
    multiply five by six. 4. to mate with,
    have sexual intercourse with. ~I
    ulJI y _rP l-biciir {Jirab n-naaga. The
    camel mated with the female camel.

    VII to be hit, struck.


    _rd: y ~I .......,\.J raasa n{Jirab b-hiyar.
    He got hit on the head by a rock. i.?
    n{Jirab

    L.....>. karam
    fii l-ma()al.

    ~.,.....;::. {Jarb (v.n. from y _rP {Jirab) 1.


    beating, striking, hitting. y._?) y j
    ..1:~ y ~ zaxxoo w-{Jraboo {Jarb
    sadiid. They caught him and beat him
    up. 2. multiplication. y ~I J )..l.>.jadwal (J-{Jarb the multiplication table.

    ~? {Jarba (n. of inst.) p. -aat 1. a


    2. strong wind that causes
    blow.
    destruction, esp. to ships. 3. a beating.
    .._rl- "-!_? {Jarbat sams sunstroke.

    ~? {Jariiba p. ~I_? {Jaraayib

    tax,
    duty. .JL..kll ~.? {Jariibat l-mataar
    airport tax. J-->-...UI ~.? {Jariibat
    d-daxil income tax.
    ~I.,.....;:.J 'i{Jraab (v.n. from IV y

    _r0i

    'a{Jrab) p. -a at strike.
    ~I~\ (Jtiraab p. -aat disturbance,
    unrest, commotion.
    ~ 1'-" {Jaarib (act. part. from y _rO
    {Jirab) having hit, struck, beaten s.o.

    r huwa lli oaaribni. He's


    the one who hit me.

    ~.JL.O ~~

    ~ 1W:J

    ~~I

    JL.....>. )1

    har-rayyaal yin{Jirib
    Legends are told about this man's
    generosity.

    ~ .,.....;:.i 'a{Jrab IV to go on strike,


    refuse to work. J$'':11 .y ly._?i ~Lll
    1-masaajiin 'a(Jrabaw can 1-'akil. The
    inmates went on a hunger strike.
    ly._?i ;;,.) _,.(JI l-kuuliiyya 'a(Jrabaw. The
    coolies went on strike.

    t(Jaarab VI 1. to exchange
    blows, hit each other. .:> Y..J~ \J~
    J _,)-L..a..::! ~) cyaa{; yi{J(Jaarbuun
    w-cugba
    yi~~aall;uun.
    They are
    children; they exchange blows and
    later on they make up. 2. to conflict,
    be in disagreement. o)j)l ~l.4.:....1 .J~i
    ~.JL.,a; 'axbaar stigaalat l-wazaara
    {J(Jaarabat. The reports
    tion of the ministry conflicted.

    ~ J~ ma{Jruub (p.p. from y?


    {Jirab)
    1. having been hit, struck,
    beaten. 2. multiplied (math.).

    ,J,J ~

    {Jrr
    ~

    {Jarr (~y{Jurr) to be harmful to,


    to harm. ~ 'll! ~ L. ma {J{Jurr 'illa
    najsak. You harm only yourself. ')I
    .!.I _r::-i;- ~ la {J{Jurr geerak. Don't cause
    harm to others.
    )~

    t{Jarrar

    to suffer, undergo

    413
    harm or damage. IJ.J_r4j' ~...l>.IJ l..l"\.j
    .:JU_,.6.11 .:.r- naas waaydiin 99arraraw
    min t-ruufaan. A lot of people suffered
    damage in the flood. u .J~ ;;S"_rjl
    :i ;;.; ,al\4! ...L.....>.-IJ s-sarika (J(Jarrarat
    waayid b-ha~-~afga. The company
    suffered a great loss on this deal.
    ~I n(Jarr

    VII to be harmed, hurt,


    injured. ~~\11 ~..,?L _r.A..iJI ~1 A ..l>-L.
    mal:zl:zad yin(Jarr 'ilia 1-fagiir haaoi
    1- 'ayyaam. No one will be hurt except
    the poor these days.

    ..,J=..PI 9tarr VIII 1. to force, compel


    s.o. to do s.th . .,rJf. ~_,.....i J J)z...o\
    9tarrooni 'asawwiiha b-ruul:zi. They
    forced me to do it myself. 2. to be
    compelled, be hard pressed. ~.J
    ..r Jf. )L..i ~)z...ol ~I..,?~IJ ~ rfa(Jat
    tiyi wiyyaay; 9tarreet 'asaafir b-ruu/:zi.
    She refused to come with me; I had to
    travel alone.

    o~

    (Jarra p. -aat another wife, wife


    other than the first of a plural marriage. l..l"I.J ~ .:.r- ~1 ~ L. j ) ' U I
    o~I 1-masaakil ma tiyi- 'ilia min tal:zat
    raas 9-(Jarra. Problems are caused
    only by a second wife.

    !IL.....:.A [.)~ '-:?.JJ.r-4' (Jaruuri truul:z


    hnaak. It's necessary that you go
    there. You must go there. 2. (p.
    -yyaat) necessity, necessary thing.

    o~ ma(Jarra =

    .J~

    (Jarar.

    ~t 'a(Jarr 1. (with .:.r- min) more


    harmful, etc. than. 2. (with foiL n.) the
    most harmful, etc.
    JI...J=...PI 9tiraar (v.n. from VIII }z...ol
    9tarr) compulsion, necessity. ~
    )~~\ cind li-9tiraar in case of
    emergency .

    9tiraari compulsory,
    necessary, mandatory. c_J.r->" y~
    baab xuruuj 9tiraari
    '-:?) _r---k..o I
    emergency exit.

    4iJ'J

    h "'

    mu(Jirr harmful, disadvantageous.

    9rs
    ,_r.r-4'

    '-"" ..) ,Ia,

    p. l..l"J~ (Jruus tooth.


    (Jirsi ycawwirni. I have a
    toothache. <\...I Jro ~ Ci[ac (Jruusa. He
    had his teeth pulled out.
    ()irs

    ~ .J~ ~ _ro

    l:t..) J:. 9rt


    j, _rp (Jirat (.1 ~ ya(Jrut) to fart, break

    wind.

    (Jarar p. )~i 'a(Jraar harm,


    damage, loss.

    edly .

    .J!._rp (Jariir

    U _rp parta p. -aat a fart.

    J.r-4'

    l. blind. 2. blind man.

    OJ.J~ (Jaruura necessity, need.~\...

    o}::-..J~ C.J~ o.JJ~ ma fii (Jaruura

    truul:z b-s-sayyaara. There's no need


    for you to go by car.

    4iJ.J.r--J'

    1. necessary,
    imperative. i.?.JJ~ ~ \.Lt. haaoa sayy
    (Jaruuri. This is a necessary thing.
    (Jaruuri

    j, ~ (Jarrat II to break wind repeat-

    (prov.)
    ~l4..,a.ll J J--" cJ U:. ~ (Jarta fi suug
    ~-~afaafiir. A drop in the bucket.
    j, ~i 'a(Jrat (elat.)

    1. (with ,y min)
    more lowly, contemptible than. 2.
    (with foll. n.) the most lowly, contemptible.
    .,1,1.;-P (Jraat (v.n. from .k.r4' (Jirat)

    414
    ~W:zj t9aacaf VI
    pass. of ..._A.>;.W.
    9aacaf <-,.J)l.kjl :J~ .__G.&.L..ai 9{Jaacaf
    cadad !-!ullaab. The number of
    students has doubled.

    farting, act of breaking wind. (prov.)


    ~~I ..bl.r'=' .:._,-- 1...:---!..UI ~ ~I ees
    Ca/a 0-0iib min 9raa! li-ncaya. (lit.,
    "What harm can the farting of a ewe
    do to the wolf?").

    ''-'t
    . l:t

    ~ 9iCjp. J~..t....;:.i 'a9caaf 1. double,


    twice as much. 2. multiple, several
    times as much. ....A ....;:.i ..;...,~ ()alaa()
    'a9caafthree times as much.

    9o/

    ~ 9icaf(~yi9caj) 1. to be or

    frail, slim, skinny. JS"'~ L.


    ~ (::!I.J \.:r-j ma yaakil zeen. raayib
    yi9caf He doesn't eat well. He's going
    to get weak. ~ J.:.:lW. \~ 0lS
    caan mitiin; halbiin 9icaf He was fat;
    now he lost weight. 2. to weaken,
    become weaker . .....AA..P ;;.... _,0-1 l) o~.r
    markiza fi li-bkuuma 9icaf His
    position in the government weakened.
    become

    9accaaf II 1. to make frail, thin.


    I.,?":J'il ~ IJJJI Lt. had-duwa y9accif
    1-'aadmi. This medicine weakens
    people. 2. to weaken, enfeeble. <-,.J .r
    Jl~l
    ,;. ,;:, ~I barb 1-xa/iij
    9accafat fi-craag. The Gulf war
    weakened Iraq.
    ~

    9aciif p. -iin, l..U...O 9ucafa weak,

    feeble.
    ~i 'a9cafl. (with if min) weaker,
    more feeble than. 2. (with foil. n.) the
    weakest, the most feeble.

    \..it l:t 9o/


    ~L.p

    9aacaf III to double, redouble.


    ~I J ~1_,11 :J~ ~L.,;:. L _,0-1
    l-bukuu
    9aacafat
    cadad
    limwaatniin fi !-bank The government
    doubled the number of citizens in the
    bank. tJ.rJ.I Lt. i f o.b:.:J ~W. 9aacaf
    daxla min hal-masruuc. He redoubled
    his income from this project.

    t l:t

    9g!

    ~ 9igat (~ yi9ga!) 1. to com-

    press, squeeze, press. I_,J.I ~ ~igat


    1-hawa. He compressed the air. 2.
    (with ~ cafa) to exert pressure on,
    press on. __;;1) 0::-l j:..dl ~ ~ oiga{
    cala t-tindeelleen waafag. He exerted
    pressure on the foreman until he
    agreed.
    ~ 9agt pressure, compression.
    ~ _,___,l:-1 6
    ,a.Ji 9-9agt 1-jamvi

    atmospheric pressure. ~L11 ~ ~agt


    l-maay \Vater pressure. rJJI .b..,;:. ~ag{
    d-damm blood pressure.

    .1 ~ ma9guut (p.p.) compressed.


    .1.:~

    'r hawa ma9gztuf compressed

    air.

    .; J l:t 9fr
    ~ 9ufir p. jU;i 'a9aafir fingernail,
    claw.

    tJ l:t

    9/C

    ~ 9ifc p. t_,..l..,;:. 9/uuc 1. hill,


    elevation. 2. rib (of a person). C IJ,
    "-...S- _,.w, .;., ~I) ..?.) ~I ~ taab cafa
    l-'ar9 w-nkasrat 9/uuca. He fell to the
    ground and his ribs were broken.

    J J l:t 9/f
    ~ 9i/f p. J }b 9/uuf cloven hoof.

    415
    r-y,_,~1 I)

    JS~ ~ .:>I_H>- JS

    kill
    bayawaan b-(Jilf yinwikil fi 1-'islaam.
    Every animal with a cloven hoof can
    be (or is permissible to be) eaten in
    Islam.

    JJ ~

    (Jil

    J-..1=> (Jail (~ y(Jall)

    I. (with foil.
    imperf.) to continue to do s.th. j....1:;
    .!I~ ~ (Jail yistagil hnaak. He
    continued to work there. 2. to stay,
    remain, last. ol,!;i 4.&-L.. c....).1; (Jallet
    saaca 'atrayyaa. I stayed an hour
    waiting for him. 0:--' y. .!I~
    (Jail
    hnaak yoomeen. He stayed there two
    days . ._,.._,.J; ~~ ~ L. rna (Jail cindi
    fluus. I don't have any money left. L.
    ~ L.....;b.:. . ...:,_jJ j....l:; rna (Jail wagt.
    xa!!na nsiir. There's no time left. Let's
    go.

    J-..1

    J1; (Jill shade, shadow.


    a..ll:.o m(Jalla p. -aat parachute.
    ~ ma(Jalli p. -yyiin 1. paratrooper.

    2. parachutist.
    ~J ~ (Jim
    ~ (Jilam (~ ya{Jlim) 1. to oppress,

    be tyrannical to, do wrong .. ~\.1 IJ....,.


    ._,..L..JI
    haaoa taagiya. ya(Jlim
    n-naas. This is a tyrant. He oppresses
    people. 2. to treat unjustly, do wrong
    to s.o. ~ L....) ..L..:>-i ~ L. jb) r
    ..L.:>-i huwa rayyaal rna yar)lim 'a~ad
    w-ma yfassil 'a~ad. He's a man who
    doesn't treat anyone unjustly and who
    doesn't let anyone down.

    rlk.

    ~~ n(Jilam

    VII

    to be treated un-

    justly. ,. ....lk.;l -~ ~.J-" w rna


    sawweet sayy. n(Jilamt. I haven't done

    anything. I was treated unjustly.


    ~ (Julm (v.n. from~ (Jilam) injus-

    tice, unfairness. (prov.) ~,_l4 ~


    y )4 j...L....&- (Julmin b-s-sawiyya cadlin
    b-r-aciyya. Injustice done to all people
    equally is preferable to justice to some
    and injustice to others.
    r~ (Jalaam darkness, gloom. ~..UI
    r')\.1; d-dinya (Jalaam. It's dark.

    ~U:. (Jaalim (act. part. from~ (Jilam)

    1. unjust, unfair. 2. tyrannical, harsh.


    ~ U; ~l.>- ~aakim (Jaalim tyrannical
    ruler. 3. (p. -iin) oppressor, tyrant,
    despot. ~4-i .JI ~ \.1;
    kill (Jaalim 'ila
    nihaaya. Every oppressor has an end.

    J5"

    r~

    ma(Jluum (p.p. from~ (Jilam)


    p. -iin unjustly treated, wronged.
    ~ r_,.lk.. ma(Jluum b-sugla. He's
    discriminated against in his job.
    ~ mu(Jlim dark, gloomy.
    ~ ~ .&:t (Jmm
    ~ (Jamm (~ y(Jumm)
    I. to take
    s.th. away. ~I_;JIJ ~I r-P (Jamm
    1-kutub w-1-garaatiis. He took away
    the books and the papers. 2. to save,
    put away for safekeeping. i f ~_,...;. r-P
    .._::.'u..,. (Jamm swayya min macaasa. He
    saved a little of his salary. 3. to embrace. oJ...L...o Jl ~ (Jammha 'if a
    $adra. He embraced her .

    ~~ n(Jamm VII (with J /-) to join,


    enter. y _rJJ ~I n(Jamm /al-~izib. He
    joined the (political) party.

    u~~ (Jmn
    ~ (Jiman (~ yi(Jman) to guaran-

    tee, make sure, be certain. ~

    J..lAj

    416
    ~ .?~

    J.--; ~~I

    tigdar tip man


    1-bipaaca too~al baaCir? Can you
    guarantee that the merchandise will
    get here tomorrow?
    ~

    pimin (prep.) in, within, inside


    of, among. o?.l:ll .T'- ~ ~_,..;all
    p-pariiba pimin sicr t-taokara. The tax
    is included in the price of the ticket.
    ~\II~ I f min pimn 1-'asya. among
    the things. 'aana min pimn 1-yamaaca.
    I am one of the group.
    ~; 'apman (elat.) 1. (with .:.r- min)

    more guaranteed, safer than. ~ ~i


    L.;41J .r.:--J 'apman-lak tsiir wiyyaana.
    It's safer for you to come with me.

    l:t .ann
    uu
    ~ pann (~ ypinn)

    1. to think,
    believe. ~..dl I~ 4,jl ~i 'apinn 'inna
    haaoa t-tindeel. I think that this is the
    foreman. 2. (with l) fi) to be suspicious of. ~ ~i 'apinn fii. I am suspicious of him. 3. to expect from s.o.,
    think s.o. capable of. o;;)~ 0 ~ ~ L.
    rna panneeta yxuun blaada. I didn't
    expect him to betray his country.

    ..J ttl:. phr


    ~ pihar (~yiphar) 1. to appear,

    come into view, emerge. ~~ ~


    pihar 1-gumar. The moon appeared.
    _# c.:;J-11-I;agg pihar. The truth is out.
    2. to leave, go away. R ..r.j)l/-waziir
    pihar. The minister has left. 3. to be
    or become apparent, clear, obvious.
    J~ ..!.L...;I ~ yiphar 'innak
    masguul. It seems that you are busy.
    ":A...>.- -L.il
    R pihar-li 'inna callaax.
    It was clear to me that he was a liar.
    ~ L. Js- cala rna yiphar apparently,
    according to the evidence.~ L. Jsd$'_,...;.11 ...:..--J;i ca[a rna yiphar 'ajlasat
    s-sarika. Evidently, the company went
    bankrupt.

    _J"llau tpaahar VI 1. to pretend, feign.

    ~~ ..:r-<1 J ~f

    ....,... .J-""

    ~~ l)

    ~ pann (v.n.) I. thought, idea.~

    ~f wl fi 1-hagiiga huwa muub


    mariip.
    walakin yippaahar 'inna
    mariip. Actually, he's not sick, but he
    pretends to be sick. 2. to demonstrate.
    ~ Ju..__jl ri...L...i IJ~l...J2j U"UI n-naas
    Pf)aahraw jiddaam s-safaara. The
    people demonstrated in front of the
    embassy.

    ~~~~

    ~ pahar p. J~ phuur 1. back,

    .!lw oGI pannak 'inna hnaak


    oall;iin? Do you think he is there
    now? Us:. l) ..!.L.;.1 pannak fi mal;alla.
    You are right. 2. opinion. J:ill ~
    l;usun p-pann good opinion. ~ yl>
    ~ xaab panni fii. I was disappointed
    in him. 3. (p. 0 _,...J; punuun) doubt,
    uncertainty . .:r-k (,_)i (,_).J...;s. L.. rna c;ndi
    'ayya pann. I don't have any doubt.
    panna usually known as a.J:; ~
    yibal panna Mount Dhanna (in the
    north of Abu Dhabi).

    rear, rear side. oJ~ o~ pahra


    ycawwra. He has back pain. ~I _;+!:;
    pahar 1-biciir the camel's back. 2.
    deck. o_r-:-WI ~ ~ cala pahr
    1-baaxra on board the ship. 3. backing, support. ~ L. R o~ L.
    ~ 'illi rna cinda pahar rna y/;a$$il
    sayy. He who doesn't have backing
    can't get anything. 4. tribe. (,_)~
    1.$ J~ pahri man$uuri. I am one of
    the Mansuri tribe. I am a Mansuri

    Jll

    4I7

    tribesman.
    ~ 9uhur noon, midday, noontime.
    ~I ~

    cugb 9-9uhur in the


    afternoon. ~I o~ ~alaat 9-9uhur
    the noon prayer. ~~ ~ ()nacas
    9-9uhur twelve noon.

    J.J-#o

    9uhuur (v.n. from R 9ihar) I.


    appearance, coming into view, emergence. 2. pomp, splendor, ostentation .
    .u-~1 ~ l:zubb 9-9uhuur love of
    pomp and splendor.
    ~ ma9har p. _r2ol.J2.. ma9aahir
    external appearance, looks.

    o__,Al.....k.o

    mu9aahara p. -aat public

    demonstration, rally.
    __,AI..J:, 9aahir visible, obvious, distinct,
    clear. _r2oL.k.ll 9-9aahir apparently.
    ,_,.,~ _r2oL....WI

    9-9aahir carras.
    Apparently, he got married. ~
    _r2oL.k.ll
    f:zasab 9-9aahir = _r2oLbJI
    9-9aahir.

    4$ _;A I..J:, 9aahiri p. _r2>1_,19awaahir one


    of the Dhawahir tribe in the U .A. E.

    o__,AL...1:>

    9aahira
    phenomenon.

    p . .r-"'1_,1 9awaahir

    __,AL.k:.o mit9aahir (act. part. from VI


    /'L._,bj t9aahar) 1. demonstrating. ,_,.,Lii
    oJ L...i..___..j I i I..L__j J- _r2> L..k::... n-naas
    mit9aahriin jiddaam s-safaara. The
    people are demonstrating in front of
    the embassy. 2. demonstrator.
    [,J~ 9w}

    (. I..J:, 9aa} (c__,k.. y9uuj) to get fed up,


    become restless, bored . .t,'J d....... J..lll ..u.
    LIJ..l.ll .:_r-

    C. U; hadd l-madrasa linna

    (Jaaj min d-diraasa. He dropped out of

    school because he got fed up with


    studying.
    II I. to bore s.o. ~~ \....1.
    hal-jilim 9awwajni. This movie
    bored me. 2. to annoy, upset, irritate
    s.o. ~ ..L>:-1) ~ _,1 9awwajni
    waayid b-l:zacya. His talk annoyed me
    a lot.

    (._,.J=. (Jawwaj
    ~ _,1

    (.~ 9ooj, ~ .fo 9ooja (v.n. from C.~


    9aaj)
    1. boredom. 2. annoyance,
    irritation.
    ~,J~ 9wg
    Jl~

    9aag (J)~ y9uug) 1. to taste,


    sample (food, drink, etc.). ~~ Jl~
    ~j y y Ju) 9aag 1-laf:zam w-gaal
    muub zeen. He tasted the meat and
    said it wasn't good. 2. to taste, experience, go through, suffer. )IJ }.J-1 Jl~
    ......_;~ l) 9aag
    1-l:zi/u w-1-murr fi
    l:zayaata. He tasted the sweet and the
    bitter in his lifetime.

    J.J~ 9awwag

    II to give a taste of, let

    taste. ...__,;.W, ~ )::, 9awwagni {baaxa.


    He gave me a taste of his cooking.
    J.J~ 9oog (v.n. from Jl~ (Jaag) 1. tast-

    mg.
    s.th.

    2. experiencing, going through

    ,J,J!:, pww

    I..S ~ (Jawwa

    II

    to light, light up,

    illwninate. ~ ~ <..? ~ ~~ I...L...,.


    haaoa f-leet y(Jawwi /:zi}irteen. This
    bulb lights two rooms.
    ~

    paww 1. fire. ~I ~ sibb


    9-9aww. Start the fire. [.~1 <..? 0
    _,...a.J~ nicwi l-jurl:z b-9-(Jaww. We treat
    wounds with cauterization. _,...a.ll ~
    taffeet (J-(Jaww. I extinguished the fire.

    418

    2. (p. ~l.,_....;:.i 'a9waa') light. ~I _rP


    9aww s-sams sunlight. ~I _ri:> 9aww
    1-gumar moonlight. ~..UI ~~~i
    'a9waa' 1-madiina the city lights.

    t'i ~ 9yc
    t LoP 9aac

    receive hospitably. ~ ~ ...F' ~


    t_.r.--'""' 9ayyafooni fi beettum subuuc.
    They took me into their house as a
    guest for a week.
    Jl..,Q.;:....,I sta9aaf

    (~

    y9W) to get lost, be


    lost. y..,; ~ ~ .; .r-..UI ~~ ~ ~
    0_r--" J )i 9iCf ji OiiC d-diira /een tabbeef
    fiiha 'awwal marra. I got lost in that
    place when I went there for the first
    time. C L.:All t_ L.,;:. 9aac 1-miftaa/:l. The
    key was lost. ~l...P) ~ ..::.-..,..ti L..
    L......o _).]1 ~ rna gaddamat talab
    w-9aacat ca[ayya l-fur$a. I didn't
    submit an application, and the
    opportunity had passed me by.

    ~ 9aY.Yac

    1. to lose. C L.:All ~
    9aY.Yac 1-miftaa/:l. He lost the key.
    J _,..-ll ~ <.,?' }.9 ~ 9ayyact jluusi ji
    s-suug. I lost my money in the
    marketplace. ._,..Li ._,.. )}--" Jl.S' J r--11
    ~..LJ) ~) s-suug caan matruus
    naas w-9ayyact wildi. The marketplace
    was full of people and I lost my son.
    2. to cause to get lost. -~>-IJ lil:!IJ J\.5'"
    c----'_).]1 .:II~ ~ ~ caan wiyyaana
    waa/:lid 9ayyacnaji oaak 1-jiriij. There
    was someone with us who got us lost
    in that neighborhood. 3. to waste,
    squander. ~I ~ ~) c-P 9ayyac
    wagta cafa l-ficib. He wasted his time
    playing. (prov.) LiGL ~ liL..) lil>- <.Y.:-!
    been !:zaana w-maana 9ayyacna
    1/:laana.
    Caught
    m the middle.
    Between the devil and the deep blue
    sea.

    J'i~ 9yf
    ~ 9ayyaf II to take s.o. as a guest,

    = II ~ 9aY.Yaf

    9eef p. ..._:, ~ 9uyuuf guest.


    (common var. _,bl>- xaatir p. JL..,b:.
    xuttaar. See under ..J .b t xtr).

    Ul::-P 9iyaafa

    l. hospitality. oL,...a.)l )-=>


    daar 9-9iyaafa guest house.
    2.
    hospitable reception.
    ~

    ma9iif p. ~L..,a... ma9aayif=


    Ul,...;:JI )~ daar 9-9iyaafa guest house.

    ...__. _,0-1

    y\._;..

    ~ ~\ ~ ~

    sikant fi l-ma9iif ca[a /:lisaab


    1-/:lukuuma. I lived in the guest house
    at the expense of the government.
    ~ mu9ayyifp. -iin steward, host.

    ~':?~ 9yg
    9aag (~ y9iig) to be or become narrow. t_)_,_.:JI ~l...P 9aagat
    s-sawaaric.
    The streets became
    narrower.

    JL..p

    ~ payyag
    II 1. to make s.th. narrow or narrower. t_)_r--:jl I~
    payyagaw s-sawaaric. They made the
    streets narrower. 2. (with~ cata) to
    harass, oppress, restrain. ~ I~
    ~1)1~
    9ayyagaw
    cafeena
    b-hal-muraagaba. They harassed us
    with their surveillance. ~ ~ 'J
    ~ )J Ia 9(Jayyig ca[a ruul:zak. Don't
    set limits on yourself.

    ~ L.aJ t9aayag

    VI to be or become
    irritated, annoyed. ~ ~i LJ--" ~L..a:::!
    yi9(Jaayag min 'ayya sayy. He gets
    irritated at anything.

    419
    ~

    (Jiig (v.n. from JL..o 9aag) I.

    need, distress, poverty.

    ~~ ..::...,j)

    wagt 9-(Jiig the time of need. -) I.S


    ~ ~i ~I ~b)~ Cinnaji (Jiig
    w-oall)iin 'a{{a 'ancam caleena. We

    were living in poverty, but now God


    has given us everything. 2. narrowness.
    A

    I . narrow. ~
    - 'tL::.
    yayyzg
    .J
    saaric (Jayyig narrow street. J.Ll-1 ~
    (Jayyig 1-xulg impatient. 2. limited,
    confined. ju;l ~ (Jayyig 1-majaal

    J-::-."

    limited in scope.
    ~i 'a(Jyag (elat.)

    I. (with .:.r min)


    narrower, more confining than. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the narrowest, the most
    confining.
    ~

    ma(Jiig p.

    ~W....

    straits, narrow passage.

    ma(Jaayig

    j-" _,.11> ~

    ma(Jiif hirmiz the Straits of Hormuz.


    ~L..a.o

    m(Jaayaga p. -aat annoyance,


    irritation, harassment.

    t
    uIt. caan
    4...ils- caana p. -aat old coin equivalent
    to a nickel.
    J~t. Cbd

    J...:S- cibad (~ycabid) 1. to worship.


    ~I ~ L..:.l5' killana ncabid 'a!!a. We
    all worship God. 2. to adore. U"'\J .Y
    U"'.,.._lA.JI 0 J~ fii naas ycabduun
    li-jluus. There are people who worship
    money.

    a river, etc.) ~~I ~I;~


    uP) \;I ~ L1) 0}-=-""" ~~ t_;L..!.ll
    leen raaci S-Seekal Cibar S-SaariC
    dicmata sayyaara w-taal:z cafa 1-'arp.
    When the cyclist crossed the street, a
    car hit him and he fell to the ground.

    /aazim ycabbduun hat-tariig.


    They have to pave this road.

    cabbar II 1. (with ,y can) to express, voice, state clearly. <1:!1; ,y _y


    cabbar can raaya. He expressed his
    opinion. 2. to take s.o. across, send
    across. t_JL.!JI w y- J ~~ ........._.
    misakta b-1-yadd w-cabbarta s-saaric.
    I held him by his hand and took him
    across the street.

    ~I

    ~I

    4- cabbad II to pave. L!. J J~

    rj~

    ~)JI

    X to en

    stacbad

    gate. ~ I}_r.-...1 L. ~ r-A' J~l


    stacbaduuhum
    cugub-ma stawlaw
    cafeehum. They enslaved them after
    they had conquered them.

    J...:S- cabd p . .,Y. cabiid I. slave, serf.


    ~I 0} ; tijaarat z-cabiid slave trade.
    2. Negro. 3. (with fall. epithet of God)
    servant. ~)I cabd r-ral:ziim Abd
    Al-Rahim, lit. "servant of the
    Compassionate." ~)I~ cabd
    r-ral:zmaan Abd Al-Rahman, lit.
    "servant of the Merciful."
    ~~
    ~

    cabuudiyya slavery, serfdom.

    cabbuud (common var . .,Y. cbeed


    dim. of ~1 cabda!!a) Abdalla.

    J....:A.o macbad p.

    ~I...,..

    macaabid temple,

    place of worship.
    .J~t. cbr

    cibar (_r.A!.ycabir) to cross (a street,

    to be crossed. _,+)1
    ;~ L.. :..;..~ n-nahir camiig; ma
    yincabur. The river is deep; it cannot
    be crossed.
    ncibar

    VII

    ~~

    ctibar VIII 1. to learn a lesson,


    take warning. ~) ru) J 0y r..?~
    ~ ~.r- ...l..>-IJ haaoi cibra /i wa-lak
    wa-la kill waal:zid yriid yictabir. This
    is a lesson for me, you, and any other
    person who wants to take heed. 2. to
    consider, regard as. r..? _,_,.i J.-!..- !.1pi
    'actibrak mi()il 'uxuuy. I consider you
    my brother.
    3. to respect, show
    consideration or regard. ~~ ~ rj~
    ..!,.L.;.. ~i laazim tictabir- illi 'akbar
    minnak. You have to respect those
    who are older than you.

    IJ y cibri p. -yya passenger (paying).


    Gy cibra p. y- cibar lesson, warning,
    example. ~ ...l..>-IJ J--5'" J>- oy r..?~
    c.J"_,...Lill haaoi cibra l:zagg kill waaJ:zid

    421

    ycabid li-fluus. This is a lesson for


    everyone who worships money.

    oJ~ c;baara phrase, expr


    tence. ~ o;Y c;baara can actually,
    really, merely. o).:-&o '~ ~~ ,.:JL::.;I...\
    ;~I ~ li-xtaan, 'a!!a ysallimk,
    c;baara can t-tuhuur. Circumcision,
    God protect you, is actually cleansing.
    0.)~ cabbaara p. -aat ferry boat.
    ~

    macbar p. ..r.L...... macaabir place


    for crossing.

    J~l

    ctibaar (v.n. from VIII ~I


    ctibar) 1. respect, regard, esteem. L.
    ;~I <,?i u ~ ma ygiim-la 'ayya
    ctibaar. He doesn't show him any
    respect. 2. lesson learned, warning.
    J"_,..l.JI ~ ....l;.-\) js:J) ..!lJ) J ;~I \~
    haaoa ctibaar li wa lak w-la kill
    waaMd ycabid li-fluus. This is a lesson
    for me, you, and any other person who
    worships money.
    ,
    .:r-" \.)~\ ctibaaran min beginping,
    starting with, effective. '.?~ i f 1;~1
    G')l; Jl d..t._._j .:..;--- i\J..UI ctibaaran min
    baaCir, d-dawaam min tisca 'ila
    ()a/aa()a. Beginning tomorrow, the
    office hours will be from nine to three.

    (j ~t cby
    0~

    cabaa p. ~ Cjbi cloak, lOOSe


    garment worn ~vera o;JJ.S kandoora
    or a UI..L.::.~ disdaasa.
    ~ut ctb
    ~Ls-

    caatab III to blame, scold, censure. ~Ls-i t.. '..f"-6 ~ 1~1 'ioayiit
    mit'axxir, ma 'acaatibk. If you come
    4\.&.
    late, I won't blame you.
    ol_,_.. caatabta ca[a IIi sawwaa. I

    Jll J>-

    scolded him for what he had done.


    ~l..IU

    tcaatab VI to find fault with


    each other, blame each other. L;W
    ~\....2j ~)
    tcaatabna w-cugba
    $$aalal:ma. We blamed each other and
    then we made up.
    ~

    catab (v.n.) blame, censure,


    rebuke. ~ ~ catabi ca[eek. I
    blame you.
    ~

    ctaba p. -aat window or door sill,


    ctabat msiid (lit., "a
    step. ~ y
    mosque sill") very pious person.

    uut

    cu

    ..;.....s.. cau (~ ycitt) to drag s.o. (by the


    hand). o-..4 i f ~ catteeta min yadda.
    I dragged him by his hand.

    Jut

    Ctd

    ~\:&.

    citaad ammunition, war material.

    ~ut ctg
    J-$ citag (~ ycatig) to get or grow
    old. Lcl.-l! i i j''J \...:......a o},~....J1 s-sayyaara
    citgat; laazim 'abaddilha. The car has
    gotten old; I will have to trade it in.

    J:lS- catiig (common var.

    catiij) p.
    -iin, ~ ciftag 1. (with inanimate n.)
    old, ancient. ~ o;l._:--..... sayyaara
    catiiga old car. 2. (with animate n.)
    former, ex-. ~~ "-....:.<? l:zurumta
    f-catiiga his ex-wife. 3. old-fashioned,
    obsolete. ~ ~\..b taabica catiiga
    old-fashioned typewriter.

    ~~ 'actag (elat.)
    older than, etc.
    oldest, etc.

    1. (with i f min)
    2. (with foll. n.) the

    422
    tonished, amazed. cJ L... ~~ ~
    ~ l'J -l,:ll lees titcajjab? maji 1-yadd
    wala f:ziila. Why are you surprised?
    There's nothing we can do . .J ..:...l:i ~
    ~ leen git-la tcajjab. When I told
    him, he was astonished. ~ ..,.._.;i
    ..l..AJI \.,.,. V'.,.U ~ 'atcajjab ceef f:za~~a/
    jluus hal-gadd. I'm amazed at how he
    got this much money.

    ,.~t elm
    ~

    cauam II to darken, black out.


    cattamaw 1-madiina. They
    blacked-out the city.
    ~.lll I~

    .J~t

    tactiim (v.n.) blackout.

    C(W

    1$~ citwi p.
    tomcat.

    t!. t!.

    ~J~

    ctaawya big

    cajab I. oddity, strange occurrence. ~~ r.)!. l'l .._j _y!.j l,. ~ Cajab
    ma ncuufa 'ilia yoom 1-yimca. It's odd
    we see him only on Friday.
    2.
    astonishment, amazement.

    cf) f)

    ~I ncaf)f) VII to become motheaten. y)IJ..UI !\1.) .J....;_,.....JI ~~~


    ..!.-..oUI
    1-ban{aloon ~-~uuf ji oaak
    d-duulaab ncafJfJ. The wool pants in
    that cabinet got moths in them.

    ~ cajiib strange, odd, remarkable,


    amazing. ~ ~ sa;ry cajiib strange
    thing. l.l..J. J~ Gl ~ cajiib 'inna
    yguul haaoa. It's strange that he says
    this. ~ G.)l>- f:zaadf)a cajiiba
    extraordinary event.

    c;f)f) (coli.) moths. s. -a a moth. p.

    -aat.

    .) t!.

    cf)r

    r- cifJar (~ ycafJir)

    1. to trip, stumble. ._?J \II ~ C L..k J p~ ~ c;f)ar


    b-1-l:ziyar W-{aaf:z ca[a 1-'ar{J. He
    tripped over the rock and fell to the
    ground. 2. (with Js- cata) to find, run
    into. ~\5"...UI cJ ~ . .::.. ~ cifJart ca[ee fi
    d-dikkaan. I found it in the shop.

    ~i 'a'jab (elat.) 1. (with ..:r- min)


    more astonishing, remarkable than. 2.
    (with foiL n.) the most astonishing,
    remarkable.

    cr crt

    ~~

    cajaaj (common var. (.,.)~


    cayaay) dust, dust storm. _r-11 1:. ~ y
    fii cajaaj 1-yoom. It's dusty today.

    o_;s. cafJra (v.n.) stumbling, tripping.


    ~crt c_jb
    ~

    (~

    ycajib) to please,
    delight. o...l..,!...IJ:.I .;JL:--]1 ~ Cijbatni
    s-sayyaara 1-yidiida. The new car
    pleased me. I liked the new car. ~
    L:....:.ll J. ~
    . \~\yic_jibni 1-hawa hinifi
    s-sita. I like the weather here in the
    winter. J:--- tJ..)i ~ yic_jibni
    'aduux sbiil. I'd like to smoke a pipe.
    ~

    cijab

    rcajjab

    V to be surprised, as-

    CJJ

    ., crt

    c_jd
    ~

    cijiid p. 01~ cijdaan military


    rank, approx. colonel.

    crt c_jz see under ,j l.j t cyz.


    crt crt c11

    ~ ca)Caj (~ ycajcij) to stir up


    dust. a::...._. J y .J--'" r.;L !~ l' Ia
    rcajcij! haaoi muub rasta. Don't stir up

    423
    the dust! This isn't a paved road.

    J[t

    Cjf

    cijaf (ycajif) to call s.o. bad


    nameS. ~ ~~ .J'" hUWa l/i Cijafni.
    He's the one who called me bad
    names.

    J[ t
    f' [ t

    c_jl see under J ~ t. cyz.


    c_jm see also under I"~ t. cym.

    .J~

    cajmaan (common var.l.l4


    caymaan) Ajman.

    u[ t

    c_jn see under u~ t. cyn.

    Jtit

    C(:j

    ~ cicaf(~ycacif) to comb (the


    hair). \...!. ~ ~ ...:....li ~L.;. J.) /een
    Caajafni gaamaf fCacif Sacarha. When
    she saw me, she started to comb her
    hair.
    J~ caccaaf p.
    -iin, ..4~
    cicaaCiif hypocrite. IL .._:... ~ L.
    w...l.,aj L.. ,_,jl_~ ma cafeek minna.
    haaoa caccaafma n$addga. Don't pay
    attention to him. He's a hypocrite who
    cannot be believed.

    Jtit

    c(:w

    ofo cacwa p. c.$)~ cacaawi stick.


    \

    .J .J

    Cdd

    cadd (...L.t.! ycdd) 1. to count,


    number. ~ _,1 J.&. c;ddfluusak. Count
    J...S.

    your money. a..JI Jl ~ J~ yigdar


    ycidd 'ila 1-miya. He can count to a
    hundred.

    2. to consider, think. J...LA; \...


    ~1)1 .:.r-- o--W ma nigdar ncidda min
    li-mwaa{niin. We cannot consider him
    one of the citizens.

    ..L.tUI ncaad

    VII

    to be considered. \...

    .:.r-- ~ ma yincadd min


    li-mwa(niin. He cannot be considered
    one of the citizens.

    ~1)1

    ~I

    stacadd X to prepare oneself,


    get ready. l.)L....;....;...~I J->- ~...u.:-..1
    stacaddeet l;zagg li-mtil;zaan. I prepared
    for the exam.
    cadd (v.n. from J.&. cadd) counting,
    ennumeration. ...L..&- U. L. L.i~~ ..::..>l..f--""
    xayraat blaadna ma /aha cadd. The
    riches of our country are innumerable.
    JS.

    o..u.

    cidda 1. waiting period during


    which a woman may not remarry after
    being divorced or widowed. 2. (with
    foiL n. o...L..&- ciddat) several, many, a
    number of. U ~ JlA...:;.i o.J.&.I..i~ ~
    op--->- fii cindana ciddat 'asgaa/
    yibgaa-lha xibra. We have many jobs
    that require experience. ~~i o.J.&. 415"'
    ~I ~J killha ciddat 'ayyaam
    w-yinga(Ji 1-gee(J. It's a matter of a few
    days and the summer will be over.
    ~JS. cadad p. ~I.J.&.i 'acdaad 1. number,

    numeral. 2. (with ,:r min) a number


    of. 3. number, issue (of a journal, a
    newspaper, etc.).
    ~I..U. caddaad p. -aat counter, meter
    (for electricity, water, etc.) c.,?lli ~I.J.&.
    caddaad 1-maay the water meter.

    ~~IJ...S.l

    'icdaadi preparatory, junior


    high (school). ~~I.J.&.! 4...... J...L.o madrasa
    'icdaadiyya junior high school.
    ~1~1

    sfiCdaad (v.n. from X ...u.:;.....l

    stacadd) 1. preparation, preparedness.


    _,A...-..JJ ~~~~ sfiCdaad 1-s-safar
    preparation for travel. 2. willingness,
    readiness. jA.!JI lh J>- ~l...u.:;.....l c.,?.J.:.s. \...

    424
    mQ Cindi Sficdaad IJ,agg hGQOQ S-SUgu/.
    I'm not willing to do this kind of
    work.
    ~J.U... macduud (p.p. from ...~.&- cadd)
    limited in number, a few. ~j~ l.l")...L.o
    ;;~ )..L..........t.
    madaaris
    Oaanawiyya
    macduuda a few secondary schools.

    misfiCidd (act. part. from X ...Lt.::.....l


    stacadd) ready, prepared . ...lA:......... .r"'
    ~ j...S"' J->- huwa misfiCidd IJ,agg kill
    sayy. He's prepared for anything. !rl
    ~f-...lA:......... 'aamir! misfiCiddiin. At your
    service! We are ready.
    .U.::........

    oJ

    .Jt

    cdd

    J..S. c;dd p. ~ )..;._s. cduud artesian well.

    U"' oJ

    ...~.&-

    <,>Lo maay c;dd potable well water.

    cds

    ,_rJ..S. cadas (coll.) lentils. s. l.l"...l.&- ~


    IJ,abbat cadas, 4....-....~.&- cdisa. L... l.l"..wJ\
    ~
    f-cadas ma yi{lac hini. Lentils
    do not grow here.

    e:l.b:

    4.....~

    cadasa p. -aat lens.

    J .Jt Cd/
    JJ..S.

    cidal (J~ ycadil) 1. (with ~


    been) to be impartial toward, not to
    discriminate between. ~~J 1_,_::,4J
    ~ J...L..s- thaawsaw w-s-seex cidal
    beenhum.
    They quarreled among
    themselves and the ruler acted
    impartially toward them. 2. (with ,yean) to drop, give up. o~ ,y- J...~.&

    [IJ;-JI cidal can fikrat z-zawaaj. He


    dropped the idea of getting married.

    JJ..S.

    caddal II 1. to straighten, make


    straight. ~_P"UJ~ ~I J...~.&- caddal
    1-gapiib b-c-caakuuc. He straightened

    the iron bar with the hammer. 2. to


    put in order, straighten out. uW~I
    0.)_,_....i J~ rj''i
    /- 'insaam /aazim
    ycaddil 'umuura. People should get
    their affairs in order. 3. to amend,
    improve, change. ...:.-l...~.&- ~I...UI ;; )j)
    o~~ 0 _,.;U wazaarat d-daaxiliyya
    caddalat
    gaanuun
    1-hijra. The
    ministry of the interior amended the
    emigration law.
    J~L.s- caadal III 1. to find the equiva-

    lent of, evaluate. ~ ~ .J\J-1 ;; )jJ


    ;;~~~ .!.ll J~w wazaarat 1-xaarijiyya
    mumkin rcaadil-lak s-sahaada. The
    foreign ministry might evaluate your
    degree. 2. to be equal to, equal, be the
    equal of. W _,5"" ~) ~ J~~ l..i....a
    haaoa ycaadil sugul 'arbac kuuliyya.
    This is equal to the work of four
    coolies.
    J.L.~U tcaddal V 1. to be straightened.

    2. to straighten oneself, straighten up.


    ~~ w ..L...Jt.A; ~ !J..uu tcaddal! Ia
    tugcud has-sikil. Straighten up! Don't
    sit like this. 3 ,to be straightened out,
    made smooth. Ailll.::..il '.JYfyi J..u.:; rj~
    /aazim tifCaddal 1-'umuur nsaalla.
    Matters will be straightened out,
    hopefully. 4. to be amended, changed.
    J..l.....JU 0 _,.;L.A.ll 1-gaanuun rcaddal. The
    law has been amended.
    '

    00

    J~L..U tcaadal VI to tie, be tied. ~}


    ol.)yl ~ l)~l_,j ~))

    fariigna
    w-fariiggum tcaadlaw fi 1-mubaara.

    Our team and their team tied in the


    game.

    J~ cadi/
    1. justice. J..L.Ji o)j)
    wazaarat f-cadil the ministry of
    justice. J..W~ ~ rj~ ~LJ-1 1-/:zaakim

    425

    laazim ybakim b-[_cadil. A ruler


    should rule justly. 2. (adj.) straight,
    upright, vertical. u.u:. y .r- w _,kll L.>.
    ha{-(oofa muub cadla. This wall isn't
    straight. 3. (adv.) honest(ly), fair(ly),
    well. J.u:. ~ yibCi cadi/. He tells the
    truth. J~ ~- yamsi cadi/. He's
    honest. J..L&- ~ yistagil cadi/. He
    works well. 4. (adj.) whole, unbroken,
    sound. U.u:. o.f.->- xubza cadia whole
    loaf, piece of bread.
    Jl~ cdaal (prep.) (common var.

    Jl.u:.

    Jt,

    ~,u.

    cidam ((~ ycadim) to execute,


    put to death. ~~ ~L.. j;WIIy.u:.
    cidmaw 1-gaatil saacat $-$ubb. They
    executed the killer early in the
    morning.
    ~~~~

    UJt,

    cdn
    IJ~

    cadan Aden. .J..L&cadan Eden, Paradise.

    iJ..L.AA macdan p.
    metal. 2. mineral.
    .J J

    t.

    jannat

    .J~L......

    macaadin I.

    cdw
    ._s,u. cida

    .,H..W

    -~~ cadani I. characteristic of Aden.


    2. person from Aden.

    J,u.i 'acdal (elat.)


    straighter than.
    straightest.

    cl)

    death sentence.

    cadaala justice, fairness.

    I. (with .:J" min)


    2. (with foil. n.) the

    'icdaam (v.n.) execution.

    rl.u:.[ raab 'icdaam They executed him.


    rl.u:.'i"--1 ~11-bukum b-1-'icdaam the

    ciddaal) near, close to. Jl.u:. ..W gicad


    cdaali. He sat near me.~ Jl.u:. ~
    beetna cdaal beettum. Our house is
    close to their house.
    ~~~

    cdm

    (~..,?~

    ycadi) to infect. "}

    tacdiil p. -aat (v.n. from Ii J_u:.


    caadal) amendment, change. J.;..l.U
    o)j_,__.JI tacdiil 1-wazaara cabinet
    reshuffle.

    tara ycadiik. Don't sit by him or he'll


    infect you. ~..,?~ ..}> _r-11 L.>. hal-mara(J
    ycadi. This disease is infectious.

    Lbw mucaadala (v.n. from III J~l>.

    ..s~Ls-

    I. evaluation, evaluating.
    mucaadalat
    s-sahaadaal the evaluation of degrees.
    caadal)

    ,_;:.,1~~1 ,_;:.,"}~L..__._.

    J~u caadil (act. part. from

    J_u:. cidal)

    just, fair. J~l>. ~ bukum caadil just


    decision.
    jJ...::~~..o mictadil

    I. mild, clement. y.
    j..l.:Jo...o jaww mictadil mild weather. 2.
    moderate, temperate. .wt; ~ J..L..:.u
    mictadil
    b-la$arrufaata.
    He's
    moderate in his dealings.

    ~~ 1..5 ~ '~ ..Lo.A.i Ia tigcid yamma,

    caada III 1. to treat as an en~..,?~l>-i 'acaadi


    emy. ~~ .J?- ...G-IJ
    kill waabid yxuun blaada. I consider
    anyone who betrays his country as my
    enemy. 2. to tum against, oppose s.o.
    ....k-'.;;;]1 ~..,?~l....U "} Ia tcaadi t-tindee/.
    Don't turn against the foreman.

    J5'

    tcadda V 1. (with ~ cafa) to


    insult, be insulting to s.o. (..:)..UU Jll
    ~ ~ hUWQ /lj fCadda c~fG))'Q
    b-bacya. He's the one who insulted me
    with his words. 2. to exceed. \.... ~ )~1

    ,.S.l...JU

    ~I

    l; "----=-''

    L>..L...J..:j 1-baraara ma

    426
    fitcadda
    'irnya fi 1-gee(i. The
    temperature won't exceed a hundred
    degrees in the summer. -~ ~~
    ~ J..LJ-1 ~..W l-}Jagg ca[eek tcaddeet
    li-}Jduud. You are at fault. You went
    too far.

    yl.is- caoaab (v.n.) torture.

    ,) jt

    J.i..A1 tcaooar V to make excuses,


    apologize. ~~ ~ J~ ...r! 'J-~ ~
    . . ;.r.1k. ca[ee deen, bass yitcaooar }Jagg
    illi yutulbuuna. He's in debt, but he

    ~J...::&.I

    ctida VIII (with,}; cafa) to


    aggression against, attack.
    ~_,(11 ~ (.)~I JI..,JI fi-craag ctida
    cafa
    li-kweet.
    Iraq
    committed
    aggression against Kuwait. Js- lS~I
    -...# ~~J cttda cafayya w-stikeet
    cafee. He attacked me and I filed a
    complaint against him.

    always makes excuses to those who


    lent him the money. -~ Y .r--- J.:l.-1
    ~ J..L...;i _;.-) l-}Jagg rnuub cafayya. lees
    'atcaooar? I'm not at fault. Why
    should I apologize?

    commit

    JJS. cadu p.

    ,J..).JS.

    )~\

    ctioar VIII to apologize, excuse


    oneself. .._:_.. J..i,.ji \ j''l .~1 l..il 'aana
    1-rnixti. laazirn 'actaoir rninna. I'm at
    fault. I ought to apologize to him.

    -wwiin, ~I..JS.i 'acdaa'

    enemy.

    )~ cuour p. )~i 'acoaar excuse. \.. .

    oJIJS.

    )'i~

    ~ oJl..u. ~

    excuse.

    cadaawa (v.n.) enmity, hostility.


    fii cadaawa beenhurn.
    They are enemies.

    -?J...Ae rnucdi (act. part. from l.)..JS. ctda)


    contagious, infectious. r..j.J....-tv. uP.;-'

    caora p. lS)~ caoaara virgin.


    r'-f" 1Jj_,J1 t-caora rnaryarn the Virgin
    Mary.

    "=",) j t

    cob
    y~ caooab

    1. to torture. oy.~

    II

    0:-l caooaboo teen Cfiraf

    b-1-jariirna. They tortured him until he


    confessed to the crime. 2. to torment,
    pain, afflict. Lfily y..L.....; tcaooib
    xawaatta. She torments her sisters. 3.
    to punish. i ~)
    I~! ~~ ~I
    'a{{a ycaooibk 'ioa rna 1$alli w-t$uurn.
    God will punish you if you don't pray

    ,r \. .

    and fast.
    y.l..,u tcaaoab

    caooab.

    pass. of II ...,.,~

    carb

    Y J)~ CiOYUUb p. '--;----:!)~ Cj{JQQYiib


    defect, fault, flaw. Y )J.l..s. ...._,; fii
    ctoruub. It's defective. ~<~....!))~ ~)
    wee ctoruuba? \Vhat's his fault?

    rnara(i rnucdi contagious disease.

    "--\.):-~ .._;~I

    ill rna lak cuour. you have no

    ')~

    ctidaa' (v.n. from VIII lS~I


    elida) aggression, attack.

    1\-IJ...::&.I

    "=" j t

    cor

    ":",) t

    crb

    y .,rS' carab (coli.) Arabs. )~ y _r>carab daar pure, bona fide Arabs.

    .r-f' carabi p. y

    carab l. an Arab.
    2. Arabic, Arabian. ~/' JSi 'akil
    carabi Arabic food. ,_j/' .Jl.a>- /J$aan
    carabi Arabian horse.
    3. Arabic
    (lang.) ~,J..j ,_j./'
    titkallarn carabi
    zeen? Do you speak Arabic well? 4.
    (with Jl /-) ~_,JI t-carabi Arabic
    /'

    427

    (generic). ~ ~~1[-carabi $aciib.


    Arabic is difficult.
    ~Jf' curuuba Arabism, Pan-Arabism.

    carabaana p . ..:r.~/' carabaayin


    cart, wagon, buggy, carriage. ii :;.,;~/'
    0L...a.>- carabaana 'umm ~$aan horsecart.

    t.i4_r

    ..1":-'.;t crbd

    4-f' cirbiid p.

    ~If

    caraabiid large

    black snake.

    ._r_;JV> micris p. 0L....... f' cirsaan bridegroom. 4S:._,...dl '-"'_,L c!.J.e. Jll _y. '-"'_r\.1
    JG ~ ~) i J.J...l.IJ 1-micris huwa lli
    yidfac fluus $-$OOga w-li-hduum w-kill
    sayy fJaani. The bridegroom is the one
    who pays the money for the jewelry,
    the clothes, and everything else.
    ~..Jt crp

    U":"..Jt crbn

    JP ,r&-

    Cf' caray p. c_f' ciriy. 1. lame, limp-

    cira9 (J:' fl. ycari9) 1. to dance


    d.........O ~\ t-carpa. (See 6,___.,;::, f' carpa
    below). 2. to submit, tum in, suggest.
    ~I ~ o~I ..::......P f cirapt l-jikra
    caza s-seex. I submitted the idea to the
    ruler. 3. to offer. J"\..>. ..?-" ~ J:' f'
    cira9 cafeena sicir xaa,S$. He made a
    special offer to us. ~ ol.}}l J:' f
    cira9 l-'a()aa() lal-beec. He offered his
    furniture for sale.

    ing. 2. lame person. f.\..::.,. f

    JP ,r&-

    0 .}--J.f cirbuun p . .Y.:-~1/' caraabiin


    deposit, down payment.
    \

    caruus) p. <..J"""""'If caraayis bride.


    (prov.) '-"' )~\ ~ '-"'_,.J...i.ll li-fluus tyiib
    t-caruus. Money talks.

    [..Jt crj

    c.r&-

    ciraj (c_.r:. ycarij) to limp (common var. c~ ciray (c_.r"" ycariy)).


    c_;-":! .0)~ .....h.) riila maksuura.
    ycarij. His leg is broken. He limps.
    carya.

    cl.rM micraaj, as in c_l_r\.1 ~lee/at


    1-micraaj the night of Muhammad's
    ascension to the seven heavens.

    "[..J t. crj

    '-""'..) t.

    see also under ~ ..J t erg.

    crs

    carra9 II 1. to widen, broaden.


    carrapaw
    s-saaric illi jiddaam beetna. They
    widened the street in front of our
    house. 2. to expose. _,k.:.ll ...........;,; J:' /'
    carra9 nafsa lal-xatar. He exposed
    himself to danger.
    ~ ii..G ~I t}_:Ji l_,_..o f

    II to get married. '-"'f'


    carras cata bint xaa{a.

    JP )~ caara9 III to oppose, object to.


    L. _,s:J-1 a.__..,~ uP J~ ..l>-\....... maMad

    He married his cousin. yl>.. J '-"'~


    !~IUL. .JL___p.. JjJ~ carras w-yaab
    darzan yihhaal. maasaa!!a! He got
    married and had a dozen children.
    Amazing!

    ycaarip siyaasat 1-~ukuuma. Nobody


    opposes government policy.

    ._r,r&- carras

    .UG:.

    ~ ~

    ._rf' cirs marriage, wedding.

    L..Jf' caruusa (common var. '-"' ) f

    JP ~

    rcaara9

    pass. of II

    uP f'

    carrap.

    JP JW tcaara(J

    VI to be in conflict, be

    contradictory. l...oiJ uPJ~ i~'il U.


    L. _,s:J-1 L....~ hal-'icfaan yifCaara(J

    428

    wiyya

    siyaasat

    1-/:lukuuma.

    This
    announcement is in conflict with the
    government policy. l.!IJ ,_;.J~ ~lj
    vlj zaami yitcaarap wiyya zaama. My
    work schedule conflicts with his work
    schedule.

    JP ~I ncirap VII

    to be submitted,
    proposed. a.......:.....UI ~ ,_;._rUI tJrJ.I
    1-masruuc ncira9 ca[a 1-/ajna. The
    project was submitted to the committee.

    JP j-SI ctirap VIII (with Js- ca[a) to


    object to, oppose, protest. ,_;.pi ..r-...Lll
    )_;JI Js-l-mudiir Cfira9 ca[a 1-garaar.
    The director objected to the decision.
    JP .J"=--"1 $facra9

    X to review, inspect.
    J ? I <.J"~ ,f__,...:---1 ~I s-seex
    stacra9 /:laras s-saraf The ruler
    reviewed the honor guard.
    width, breadth. ,_;.r- ~
    ~ _r..ll cam curp 1-meez? How wide is
    the table? ,_;.__,.J~ b-1-curp crosswise.

    JP .,;S curp

    ~f'

    carpa p. -aat (usually with the


    article prefix Jl/-, i...,;,. __,..ll[-carpa) male
    dance, in which men stand in two opposite Jines and dance with rifles and
    swords, swaying their bodies left and
    right. ~~~ i...,;,. __,..ll [_carpa n-najdiyya
    is performed by Najdis in Saudi
    Arabia.
    ~f carii9 wide, broad. ~.r t}-~
    saaric carii9 wide street. ~I ~.r
    carii9 c-caifbroad-shouldered.
    ~f

    cariipa p.

    ~l_r

    caraayip peti-

    fair, exposition.
    ~ .JW

    mcaarapa (v.n. from III ,_;.Jlscaarap) opposition.

    ctiraa9 (v.n. from VIII,_;.pi


    crirap) objection, protest.

    JPIJ-SI

    JPI~I

    sfiCraap (v.n. from X

    ,_;.~I

    stacrap) parade review. J>l.fo----1


    ~ ~ sfiCraap caskari military
    parade.

    JP .J\......Ao mcaarip
    ,_;.J\s.

    .Jt.Jt

    (act. part. from III

    caarap) opponent, opposer.

    eyer

    iJ y f' carcuur p. yl_r caraaciir (less


    common var. J _rS- cur/) crest, comb
    (of a rooster or a hen). ~..UI J .r curf
    d-diic the rooster's crest.

    J.Jt

    crj

    J .,;S ciraf (J ~year if) I. to know.


    yl_,...:l:-1 ..;:..._; _r ciraft l-jawaab. I knew
    the answer. ~..._; jU -:.-.;i 'inta rcarafa?
    Do you know him? 2. (with foll.
    imperf.) to know how to. I~ J f i
    ~) ycarfyigra w-yiktib. He knows
    how to read and write. 3. to recognize.
    w ~ .:.;---- u .r cirafta min $OOta. I
    recognized him by his voice. 4. to realize, perceive, see. o~ ..::.j _r ~b
    oal/:liin Ciraft mabgaa. Now I realized
    ~
    what he wants.~~ ..r-L...>
    rcarf su IIi $aayir hni? Are you aware
    of what's going on here? 5. to figure
    out, find out, discover. J ~i J..ui \...
    ~ ~ ma 'agdar 'acrif lees fannaS. I
    can't figure out why he resigned.~

    Jll r.....;

    tion.

    ~I L..a_r

    Jl' _;N macrap p. ~J\.... macaarip 1.

    Later, we found out the reason.

    exhibition, show.

    J .,;S carraf

    2. showroom.

    3.

    cugba cirafna s-sabab.


    II

    to introduce. J~

    429

    ~r eJc. ~ _r-i tibgaani 'acarrifk


    cateehum? Do you want me to
    introduce you to them?

    J .;-N tcarraf V (with J.>- cata) to get


    acquainted with, to meet. ~ ..;,..j_,.u
    4.?:- J~l ~
    tcarraft cafeehum ji
    s-saarja. I got acquainted with them in
    Sharja. ~..l.,.. ~ ..;, _r;; j~ !JL..U
    tacaal! laazim tifCarraf ca[a ~idiiji.
    Come! You have to meet my friend.

    J _.tAJI nciraf VII pass. of J _r- c;raf

    J j-S-1

    ctiraf VIII (withy b-) I. to


    confess to, admit. ~)-:-~ J pi ctiraf
    b-1-jariima. He confessed to the crime.
    ~ ..:.-il5" c.,?:U 01 ._:,pi 'actirif'inna
    haaoi caanat galtati. I admit that this
    was my mistake. 2. to recognize,
    grant recognition to. ..;,..jp i a__.,PI
    ~l........-:JI ~J~ 1-/:lukuuma ctirfat
    b-kuurya
    s-samaaliyya.
    The
    government recognized North Korea.
    cariif p. u f' curafa sergeant.

    ~f
    ~f'

    "-:---:!li naayib cariifcorporal.

    J yi 'acraf (elat.)

    I. (with ,y min)
    more knowledgeable than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most knowledgeable.

    U .!"" macrifa (v.n. from J ~ ciraj)


    knowledge, learning, knowing.

    J )~

    tacaaruf getting acquainted .


    ._:, JL.....u ~ /:laflat tacaaruf getacquainted party.

    J1.,;.;1 ctiraaf (v.n. from VIII J pi


    ctiraj) I. confession, admission. 2.
    recognition, acceptance.

    J J~ macruuf(p.p. from J _r- ciraj)


    I. well-known. U J/'-' ~ IJagiiga
    macruufa well-known fact. 2. favor.

    ~i ol___ji Lo J J.r-" J.....>- cimal-li


    macruuf ma 'ansaa 'abad. He has done
    me a favor I'll never forget.

    ~..Jt, erg

    Jy cirig ( J ~ ycarig) I. to sweat,


    perspire. ~ y> J J _r- cirig w-huwa
    yistagil. He perspired while he was
    working. 2. to work hard to get s.th.
    O~~j ~ j:>-- ~ J f Cirig lajil y/:la~~il
    ziyaada. He worked hard to get a raise.

    J .;-S' cirg p. J Jf' cruug (common var.

    c.r>-

    cirj p. 'C_J~ cruuj). I. root. 2.


    stem, branch (of a plant, of a leaf)
    l-.:.11 J ~ cirg n-nisa sciatica (med.)
    J..:J.I J r>" cirg !-heel cardamom plant
    (the leaves of which are used in folk
    medicine or as a spice). 3. vessel,
    vein. r..L.JI J )~ cruug d-daam the
    blood vessels. 4. descent, background,
    family. ._,.L-...~ J _r.ll f-cirg dassaas.
    Blood will tell.

    J f' carag sweat, perspiration.


    ulif cargaan sweaty, perspiring.
    J!_,.,Jili-craag Iraq.
    ~If- craagi I. characteristic oflraq,
    from Iraq. 2. (p. -yyiin) an Iraqi.

    ~~..Jt, crgb
    ~f

    cargab (~f i ycargib) to trip


    s.o. ~L. ..:-5 ~ ~ f' cargabni leen
    Cint maasi. He tripped me while I was
    walking.

    Y ~f carguub (v.n. df
    cargab)
    1. tripping s.o. y} f' .J ~ taggeetla carguub. I tripped him.
    2. (p.
    ~l_r- caraagiib) hamstring.

    430

    J ~.Jt

    erg[

    J-if

    (J--j f i ycargil)

    cargal

    complicate, hinder, obstruct.

    to

    JJI ..:.,.ji

    ~I ..:.Jj f'

    'inta lli cargalt 1-ga(Jiyya.

    You're the
    case.

    one who fouled up the

    J-i_;141
    from

    rcargal (JJ A
    Ji f' cargal.

    yitcargal) pass.

    '

    ~.Jt crk

    macraka p. !l JL...... macaarik

    battle, combat.
    y

    crmt

    .k.of

    caramt (..b... f i ycarmit) to have a

    ravenous appetite, to eat ravenously.


    ~ L.,6... ~ ~ J_,_.A; .k__.. ft JI 'i/li
    ycarmit nguul canna gat mataabix. We
    say about the one who eats ravenously,
    "He eats like a pig." (lit., "A cat of
    kitchens.").

    ..b.J-"f

    carmuut (coil.) pears. s. -a p.


    .h.:--lf- caraamiit.

    ~u.Jt

    ern$

    d'_J-Jf

    carnUU$ p.

    ~If-

    caraanii$

    corncob.

    .J.J t crw

    y j-S' cazzab

    II 1. to be a guest, stay
    overnight. .J..........;&. ~f" J ~ J..UI ..:......:.- J
    ~J ril:zt d-dool:za w-cazzabt cind
    rifiiji. I went to Doha and stayed with
    my friend. 2. to give lodging to s.o.,

    ..!.L-i Y.fi

    'ioa truul:z hnaak, naas


    waaydiin ycazzbuunak. If you go there,
    y j-S- cazab p.

    ~~f"

    c;zbaan unmarried

    man, bachelor. r.?i..J. ~ ~4;&-

    J.-:. L.

    6.A.......!JI rna nsakkin c;zbaan fi haaoi


    s-.figga. We don't rent this apartment
    to bachelors.

    y .:,- mcazzib p. -iin

    1. host. lS-.r-'

    ~.:JI mcazzbi s-seex. My host i~ the


    Shaikh.

    2. boss, chief. ~..dl ,_j-.r-'

    mcazzbi t-tindeel. My boss is the


    foreman.
    ~)'-1

    mcazzba p. -aat 1. hostess. 2.

    wife .

    ,j,j t czz
    ~I

    crazz VIII to be proud, pride one.}~) ~ ~ _;:-.s-i 'actazz


    b-goomi w-casiirati. I feel proud of my

    self.

    fellow tribesmen and family .

    oJ.r&' cirwa p. r.? )If caraawi handle of


    a cup, pitcher, teapot, etc.

    l,i.Jt cry
    4S .;-&- carra

    II .

    See II ~ ja$$ax

    under t~..Jftx.
    4J~f

    ~.it czb

    a lot of people will give you lodging.

    crk

    .!3.;-&- cirak (!I~ ycarik) to rub. !l f'


    . . ; y.- c;rak cyuuna. He rubbed his eyes.

    . ~ ,J t

    the blind.

    take s.o. in . ..:r-...l>.-IJ U"l..i dl:.A [_J) bl

    L.S' p

    cl.Jt

    (prov.) ~ ~ ~'j 0~f' c;ryaan


    laafi cala m/a$$ax. The blind leading

    c;ryaan =

    mja$$ax p. -iin.

    fS' Cjzz glory, honor . ..;JI r4i 'ayyaam


    1-cizz the good old days. ;-s- ~ ..:.;Lo
    6.!~ maat fi Cjzz sabaaba. He died in
    the prime of his youth.

    .Hf' caziiz p. -iin dear,


    r..rJI ~...L..<:> $idiiji 1-caziiz

    beloved.
    my dear

    friend, Dear friend! ~ r.f" caziiz

    431

    ca[a dear to. ~ j!.f' J:..l...,o .Y" huwa


    $idiij caziiz ca[eena. He is a friend dear
    to us.

    ~i 'acazz (elat.) I. (with ~min)


    dearer than.
    2. (with foll. n.) the
    dearest.

    J.j t

    cz[
    J~ cizal

    ~~t

    banquet,

    css

    .rl....s-

    cassaas p. -a I. spy. ~\....


    maamiis cassaassiin hni.
    There are no spies here. 2. informer,
    detective.

    ~ 0:----1.-;:.

    (J r:. ycazil)

    I. to separate,
    sort. p-JI ,y- ._f::.JI J y- cizalf-cees can
    !-burr. He separated the rice from the
    wheat. 2. to isolate. ~WI J.rU ij''i
    ~WI ~ l.r.---J_,.s:J~ laazim ncazil
    l-mu$aabiin b-1-koleera can 1-baagi.
    We have to isolate the cholera patients
    from the rest. 3. to discharge, dismiss.
    ~ .)U ..........:,") V'..y.ll l_,_l y- cizlaw
    li-mhandis linna caan yiskar. They
    fired the engineer because he used to
    get drunk.

    J.JNI ncizal VII pass. from J.r- Cizal.


    J~ cazil (v.n.

    from J~ cizal)

    isolation.
    ~.jt

    dinner party.
    ~lyJI ~ r+-" _,.1; 0 )J~ ygazzruun
    jluushum ca[a [_cazaayim. They waste
    their money on banquets.
    cazaayim)

    czm
    cizam (i r:. ycazim) to invite . .:,r yL:..JI ~ Cizamni cafa f-casa. He

    ~ _r&-

    invited me to dinner.
    ~~ cazzam II (with ~ cafa) to
    decide to do s.th. _;...-ll ~ L... ycazzamna cafa s-safar. We decided to

    travel.
    ~j~

    caazim (act. part. from i y- cizam)


    (caazmin- + suff. pron.) having

    invited. L:.JI ~ .:,rj~ JJI yo huwa


    l/i caazminni cafa f-casa. He's the one
    who has invited me to dinner.
    ~..f' caziima 1. invitation. 2. (p. ~ly-

    .;cl~t cskr

    _?.-s,

    caskar (coli.) army. s. -i soldier


    p. _?~.-;:. casaakir armies.

    '-? _?--s. caskari I. soldier. 2.


    military, army. c..?..f.-.-s- u"LJ libaas
    military uniform. ~L.._;:,
    c.,?~ t)aabit caskari military officer.
    caskari

    4J...?-s- caskariyya military service.


    ~ mucaskar p. -aat army camp,
    camp.
    J~t csl
    ~ casal (coll.) honey, molasses.

    (prov.) .J5' ~ "i j.-? ~J 0\S' 01


    ncaan rifiijak casal Ia tilbasa killa.
    Don't use up all of your credit at once.
    J---.-.JI ~ sahar [-casal the
    honeymoon.
    'i~t

    csy

    casa 1. (with foll. v.) hopefully,


    I hope that. ,_;;. ~ L. ~ casa ma
    bi$al sayy. I hope nothing (bad) has
    happened. 2. (with suff. pron.) I hope
    that, may. 1)\.>.. r-"'1.-;:. casaahum yaw. I
    hope they came. ~ .!.1~ casaak
    tayyib. I hope you are fine.

    a.t

    432

    u I,)M

    ~~t csb

    c;s;b (coll.) grass, pasture.


    o\s.; ~I [-cmb tircaa 1-ganam.

    ~o..-_...,..r-

    ~I

    Goats and sheep eat grass.


    ~

    c;sba herbs (for gastric distress,

    esp. diarrhea).

    .J~t csr

    He's only a child. He counts only to


    twenty. r-" )~ .:.1-~ c;sriin dirhim
    twenty dirhams. .:.r-~ J t.J- xamsa
    w-cisriin twenty-five. .:.r-~ J ~~
    'imya w-cisriin 120.
    .r-!'~ caasir tenth. ~ .)-!. ~\s. caasir
    yoom the tenth day.~ _r;.\s. caasirhum

    the tenth one of them.

    ~~ caasar III to associate closely


    with s.o., be on intimate terms with
    s.o . .;y- ...;I ..:.J..rJ a.....1)'.u1 ~4i -.j _r;.\s.

    caasarta 'ayyaam d-diraasa


    w-ciraft 'inna xoos rayyaal. I
    JL....,.)

    associated closely with him during my


    studies and I found out he was a good
    man.
    ~ cusur p. )~I csaar one tenth,
    tenth part. ~I cU ~oy.,_'ill) ol5'")1
    z-zakaa fi 1-'islaam rube [-cusur. Alms
    tax in Islam is one quarter of a tenth
    (2.5%).

    0~ casara p. -aal

    1. ten, the numeral ten. o?- c,?~ c;ndi casara. I


    have ten. )~~ 0? casara diinaar ten
    dinars. ~ 0?- casara keelu ten
    kilograms. 2. (with foll. genit.) ?

    ~.J~t csrj
    [.~

    c;J:rij chamomile (used as

    treatment for constipation).

    ~dMt cJ:J:

    ,_;....;.s.

    cassas

    \.:.j ~ ~

    II to build a nest. pall

    ._;....-::..s- !-{eer casaJ ca[a

    syaratna. The bird built a nest on our


    tree.

    ._;s. c;ss p . .;.r->- csuus nest.


    L:.s- ci.Ha p.

    c;s;;g hut, shack,

    shanty.

    ~dMt egg

    c;s;g (,_~ycasig) to be passionately in love with s.o. ._,_J..k J ~


    LA y.i ~ U.-4 ciigha w-{ilab yaddha
    min 'ubuuha. He fell in love with her
    ~

    casir, o? casarat. )..A.ii? 1.5 Cinna


    casir 'anfaar. We were ten people.

    and asked her father for her hand in


    marriage.

    0~ casiira p . .;.!~ casaayir tribe,


    clan . .r-l...;.JI ~ jU gaanuun [-casaayir

    tribal law.

    0.)~\$- caasuura the tenth day of


    Muharram (the first Islamic month).
    0)~\s. ~ ~ )'$UUm caasura. He fasts

    on the tenth day of Muharram.


    ,J..~

    c;riin twenty, the numeral

    twenty . ..r-1 l.f.,..!.JI

    Jl ~ .J.-1..>.- oj

    tawwa yaahil. ycidd 'ila f-cisriin bass.

    c;s;g (v.n.) love, passion.~~\...


    ~I ~ J...Jll ma ynaam /-lee/ min
    f-cisig. He doesn't sleep at night
    because of love. . ~ ~ ..; y- 4 ,_o...:.JI
    ...,... _r; JLI f-cisig ya xuuy ymawwit.
    'is'al mjarrib. Love, my dear brother,
    is deadly.
    Ask someone who has
    experienced it.
    ~~

    caasig (act. part.)

    l. having
    fallen in love with s.o. ~ ...;..;.~ r

    433

    huwa caasig hint camma He has

    fallen in love with his cousin. 2. p.


    -iin lover.

    J.,..;-

    macsuug (p.p.) beloved, sweet-

    heart (f.).

    t.idMt

    csy

    cassa

    II

    to give s.o. a dinner.

    \.. .}.i \J.~ ~ CaSSat cyaa{ha


    gabil-ma nayyamattum. She gave
    ~

    dinner to her children before she put


    them to bed.
    ~

    tcassa

    V to have dinner, dine.

    ~) ~

    '
    > .j
    tCaJSeet ceeS
    w-lal:zam. I had rice and meat for
    dinner. e:-J ~L-JI ~i 'atcassa
    s-saaca tisic. I have dinner at 9

    o'clock.
    ~

    ._:..,~

    casa p.

    supper.

    o~

    ~~

    -yaat 1. dinner,
    L.:;.,JI ~ cugb

    f-casa sribna gahwa. After dinner, we


    had coffee. 2. dinner party. L;~ .:,~.)'
    ..r-"i L.,.;;.;. caan cindana casa 'ams. We
    gave a dinner party yesterday.
    ~ cjsa (usually with the article
    prefix L.:;.,JI f-cisa) evening (approx.
    two hours after sunset). ~_,....., L;;.. J
    ~I ril:zna $OObhum t-cisa. We went to
    their place at night. l.;..JI o')l.p $afaat
    t-cisa the evening prayer.

    c$r

    ci$ar

    ~l..,a$- c;~aaba

    p. -aat gang, band.

    taca$$Ub

    1. prejudice.

    (~yca$ir)

    1. to squeeze,
    ci$ar
    burtugaala-teen. He squeezed two
    oranges. (prov.) l>. .J o)j.J ~ ci$ar
    wzaara w-ya. He returned emptyhanded. 2. to ring out. r).UI -:...LJ:.
    ~ ~) gsa/at li-hduum w-c$arattum.
    She washed the clothes and wrang
    them out.
    ~L.....Z;. ~

    press.

    ca$ir 1. (usually with the article


    prefix Jl/-) later afternoon. ~I o')l.p
    ,valaat f-ca$ir the afternoon prayer. 2.
    in the afternoon. r-JI !.\La. -.::...>- J ril:zt
    hnaak t-ca$ir. I went there in the
    afternoon.
    ~ ca,~iir juice.

    0J~ ca,~$aara
    squeezer, press.
    ~~t

    p.

    -aat juicer,

    c$$

    ~ c;,~$ p. ~~ ca$aaci$ (common


    var. ~ c;$ci$ p. ~~ ca$aaci$)
    tailbone. (prov.) CY ~I ~

    _,_J

    ...........:l~

    Cj$Ci$ C-calb caway /0

    caddalta. A leopard cannot change his


    spots.

    c;$ci$ = ~ ci$$.

    i.J~t c$/

    ~ ca$ab p. y~i 'a$aab nerve.

    2.

    fanaticism.

    J ~l,s. caa$UU/ p. ..._;,...,ly cawaa$i/


    storm, violent wind.

    ..) i.J ~ t

    c$/r

    J~t C$d
    ii~

    .J~t

    ~~t C$b

    flour, butter, and sugar.

    ca$iida thick porridge made of

    ci$jir (coli.) safflower. s. Cf'


    cirj ci$/ur.

    434

    .J.J ~ ~

    c~fwr

    difficult to reach a compromise with


    them. 2. to be incurable, malignant.
    ._;. _r-11 ~I stac~a l-mara9. The
    disease was incurable.

    J~ ca~four p. p.il..a.&- c~aafiir l.


    sparrow. 2. any small bird. L.o ~
    p----il..,a.JI JS'U ni/:lin rna naakil
    [-ca~aafiir. We don't eat small birds.
    ~ ~)~ ...,.. ~ pirab ca~foureen
    b-l:ziyar. He killed two birds with one
    stone.

    IJ~ c;~yaan

    ~\.s.

    caa$i (act. part from ~


    p. -yiin rebellious, disobedient.

    c;~a)

    ~ mac~iya

    p. 1$""'1...... macaa~i sin,


    disobedience to God.

    p. ~l_y cawaa~im

    capital city.

    ,J .b

    ~.J-A"-' mac~uum

    p. -iin infallible,
    sinless. ~I ,:.r-- i ~ ...b-L. mal:zl:zad
    mac~uum min l-xa{a. No one is free of
    error.
    J~~t c~ml

    ctr
    J l....b$. ca(!aar p. _r--b\..6.&. cataa(iir, -a

    dealer in spices, perfume, herbs,


    incense, etc. _r----.1.\.k.JI J _,.........,. suug
    [_cataatiir the spice vendor's market.

    V"' .b

    ~ cu~malliyya p. -aat old Turkish

    rifle.

    cts

    ~ citas (~ ycatis) to sneeze.

    ~t cts

    '

    i/~t c~y

    l. stick. 4k
    L..,a.J~ {aggeeta b-t-ca~a. I hit him with
    the stick. 2. cane, walking stick. JL:.,.;
    o..l..,:.! L....,.a.J\J ~ .o.::). ;) y rayyaal cood
    lil:zyita beepa w-f-ca~a b-yadda. He's
    an old man with a grey beard and a
    cane in his hand.
    ~ ca~a p. ~ c;~;

    i/~t c~y

    ~ citis (~yea tis) to be or be-

    come thirsty. ._,-.-.;.JI I)~ Jl...S"""


    ~ J caan yistagil fi s-sams w-eitiS.

    He was working in the sun and


    became thirsty.
    ~ ca{!as II to make s.o. thirsty. U.

    ~ l11 J-5'~1 hal- 'akil l-maalil:z


    ~attasni. This salty food made me
    thirsty.

    ~ c;~a (~ yca~i) to disobey,


    resist, oppose~ ;L.. J oy.i ~ c;~a 'ubuu
    w-saar. He disobeyed his father and
    left. "-..t_,5:.,L1 ~ J,.Uj L... rna tigdar
    rca~i 1-l:zukuu~a. You cannot resist the

    government.
    ~~ stac$a X

    ~ c;~a)

    revolt, mutiny.

    ~~t c~m
    ~~ caa~ima

    (v.n. from

    1. (with Js- cafa) to

    be difficult, hard. ~~ ~ ~I
    srac$a cafee y$aalil:zl:zum. He found it

    Ca(QS (V.n. from ~ Cj(iS)

    thirst.
    IJ~

    catsaan p. -iin thirsty. L


    ~ ~\.&. y. J ~~ Cinna ca(saaniin
    w-juucaaniin bacad. We were thirsty
    and hungry too.

    J l:t t

    cf[

    ~ cattal

    II

    1. to delay, hinder,

    435

    hamper. ~ ~ .J-::....--- l.iT 'aana


    mistacyil. Ia rca(!ilni. I am in a hurry.
    Don't delay me. 2. to close up, close
    down.
    J,.1 r~ J--.k.u .r-:! IJ..UI
    d-dawaayir
    rca(!il yoom 1-yimca.
    Offices are closed on Fridays.

    rna bicitta. He offered me a thousand


    dirhams for the watch, but I didn't sell
    it.
    (prov.) .JY -:..luJ J->- .J u ~
    catooha riil w-gaalat cawar. Give him
    an inch and he'll take a mile. 3. to
    give up, give away . ..;.:.- ~~ ~I .J!i
    0 .r-->-i J.l 'ubu !-hint cataaha l;agg 'ibin
    'uxuu. The girl's father gave her in
    marriage to his nephew. (prov.)
    "-.....,a.i J~ _,J) .!..\ r.'" j~l cati 1-xabbaaz
    xubzak walaw haag nu~~- Half a loaf is
    better than none.

    j.ktr rcattal I. to be stopped, interrupted. JbU cr. '~; trayyeeta, bass

    J=

    rca(!al. I waited for him but he was


    late.
    2. to be out of order. ;; }-:.....JI
    ..:......J.k.,. s-sayyaara rca!(alat. The car
    was out of order. 3. to be injured. c} J
    J--.k.uJ ../'.J\}1 ~ wugac ca[a l-'ar9
    w-tca!!al. He fell to the ground and
    was injured.
    ~ cu!fa p.

    ~I ncita VII pass. of ~ cita.


    \..h$. cata I. gift, present. .:U1 i f ~
    cata mi 'a!!a gift from God. 2. (v.n.
    from ~ cita) giving. ~ J ..G.:.i ~ L.
    mafii 'axo w-cata. There's no give and
    take.

    J....l=

    cutal 1. holiday.
    ~ J_,.....JI .~ ,d........J.-1 _?~ baaCir
    1-yimca,
    cutla. s-suug mbannid.
    Tomorrow is Friday, a holiday. The
    marketplace will be closed.

    ~ ~t. cpp

    ..;a->- ca99 (~ yca99) to bite. u

    Ji'U.

    caatil p. -iin I. unemployed,


    jobless, out-of-work. L_r-Y Jb~ .J;..l....
    ~ j-..>JI ma/:ll:tad caatil can [-carnal
    hni. No one is unemployed here. 2.
    worthless, useless. JbU:. Jl>.- .J rayyaal
    caatil worthless man.

    .... ~ '-:-.J.5:.ll hac-calb yca99. This dog

    bites. ~ .J l) .....:= ca99afi rgubta. He


    bit him on his neck. (prov.) .....:=if
    J.-.)-1 L.r' ~ yi..UI man ca99a d-daab
    yangiz min 1-/;abil. Once bitten twice
    shy.

    Jt.ctw
    ~ cita (~ycati) 1. to give s.th.,

    give s.o. s.th. ~ LJ.~ cataaha


    !;abba. He gave her a kiss. JL..,6;.
    ~ .J:; ~ cataani xamsiin dirhim. He
    gave me fifty dirhams. ~l....,iji .J.jji L.
    ~) .l,.:.L..,. L..... .o~IJ rna

    'agdar
    'atfaaham wiyyaa. rna yaaxiO w-ycati.
    I can't come to terms with him. He
    doesn't give and take. 2. to offer.

    ~ L.... ..r--! :is-WI J>- ~ J:; ..;Ji J~


    cataani 'a/f dirhim l;agg s-saaca bass

    W. ca99a (n. of inst.) p. -aat bite.


    ~~

    t.

    cpm

    ~ ca99am to magnify, enlarge,


    make greater. ~ _ri .:U1 ~ ca99am
    a!!aahu 'ajrakum. (said by someone to
    offer condolences after burial of a
    deceased person) May God make your
    reward greater (in heaven).
    ~ ca(hm (coll.) bones. s. ~
    caf)ma p. i~ cpaam.
    ~ caf)ama 1. majesty . ..:illl ~

    436

    ca{Jamat 1-ma/ik

    His Majesty the


    ~LJ.I ~
    2.
    highness.
    King.
    ca{Jamat 1-baakim His Highness the

    ~.;Jt,

    ~p

    ~ ca{Jiim

    ~i

    'ac{Jam (elat.) 1. (with ,y min)

    greather than.

    2. (with foil. n.) the

    greatest.

    -' ~ t

    ~ cu{Ju p.

    L,a>.i 'ac{Ja l. member (of

    an organization). ~ ~ ~ ...::..>\}. ~I
    ~\ J JLA.:ll

    1-'imaaraat cu{Ju ji
    majlis t-tacaawun 1-xaliiji. The U.A.E.
    is a member of the G.C.C. 2. member,
    limb, organ (ofthe body).

    o~ cu{Jwa p. -aat female member.


    cu{JwiY.Ya p. -aat membership

    (of an organization).

    .;Jt ctr
    I~

    cajra p. ..:.>I~ -aat

    female

    ~J~

    crafty.

    '-"" J

    cjs

    cifas

    (~

    JIJJ~I ~

    ycajis) 1. to scatter.
    cifas 1-'awraag. He

    scattered the pieces of paper. 2. to


    throw into disorder, disarrange. ~
    ~..UI cifas d-dinya. He turned things
    upside down. He moved heaven and
    earth.
    ~

    cajsa state of disorder, confu-

    sion, hustle

    and bustle. ~ ~..UI

    camel.

    1. white
    2. Afra (female's

    _,Jt

    cjw

    cifa (~ ycaji)

    (s.o.), pardon (s.o.) . .:,#1 .~WI


    Forgive me. ~ ~ ,......; ~I L.. ~
    cugub-ma Cfiraf, cafeena canna. After
    he had confessed, we pardoned him.
    (prov.) ?" ~ 11 ?
    cafa !!aahu
    camma ma{Ja.
    Let bygones be
    bygones. 2. to exempt, excuse. o~
    i _,.......,)I Lr" cafoo min r-rusuum. They
    exempted him from the fees. !J..f"')
    i _,_)I ~i J...l_ji L.. .~\ 'arjuuk icfiini.
    rna 'agdar 'aji 1-yoom. Please excuse
    me. I can't come today.

    J}~ caafuur dust, soil, earth. (prov.)

    Jls-

    Jk. ~ll.l J..a--- } lo bi~all-maay

    1. to forgive

    1-gal{a galtati. 'ic_,fiinf. It's ~y mistake.

    name).

    J}WI

    cajaariit 1.

    d-dinya cajsa. The world is in turmoil.

    c{Jw

    Lt~

    cajriit p.

    elf, devil, demon. 2. mischievous . ..U)


    ~~ walad cajriit mischievous boy.
    3. clever, capable. 4. cunning, sly,

    Ruler.

    l. p. -iin, ~ cu{Jama
    great, magnificent, splendid. ~__...;.
    J_,....s:.JI ~ ~ {Jarba ca{Jiimaji /-goo/
    great kick in the goal (in soccer). 2.
    (with the article prefix Jl /-) the
    magnificent (one of the epiteths of
    God). !~I 11 ~i 'astaiifzru
    a{{ahi f-ca{Jiim! I seek God's
    forgiveness! Please don't say so! Not
    at all!

    cjrt

    caafa III (said of God) to restore

    to good health, heal, cure . ..:J..;~A,

    11

    bital t-caafuur. (lit., "If water can be

    'a!!a ycaafiik. May God grant you

    found, ablution

    good health.

    nullified.").

    with clean earth is

    JW tcaafa

    VI regain health, recuper-

    437
    ate. 1.5.; I 1 !I_,...;J ,2 ..L..J-1 ,_;L...U
    rcaafa, 1-bamdu li-1/aah, w-tirak
    1-mustasfi. He regained his health,
    thank God, and he left the hospital.

    _,.As. cafu

    l. pardon, forgiveness. 2.
    ~ J...t..pj ~\.;ll 1-baakim
    amnesty.
    'a$dar cafu caamm. The ruler declared
    a general amnesty.

    rls-

    bravo! very good! ~


    ~Lf;:!_,...... J.-? !~ cafya ca[eek! ceef
    sawweetta? Bravo (for you)! How did
    you do it?
    cafya

    4~ caafya good health. ~ 21


    ~WIJ ~I

    'af{a yca{iik $-$ibba


    w-f-caafya. lit., "May God give you
    good health and well-being."
    ~

    mac_fi (p.p. from ~ cifa)


    exempt. !1..,.-;,.1 ._,..... ~ mac_fi min
    1-jimrig exempt from customs duties.
    ~..,s::...._...J1 L.o...u.ll ._,..... ~ mac_ji min
    1-xidma f-caskariyya exempt from
    military service.

    11 J

    cJy

    see under .J ..J t 'fw.

    ~~t cgb
    ~los caagab

    .._Q._..,ajl l)

    III

    to punish . ._,..,J..UI

    Jiu ..:.-. L. ~';l ~~

    1-mudarris caagabni linni ma Cint


    caagil fi $-$aff. The teacher punished
    me because I didn't behave well in
    class. t._,--11 ..,_.;L.u Uo ~I s-sir{a
    tcaagib 1-misric. The police punish
    speeding motorists. J.;- ..,_;~s- caagab
    caza to punish s.o. for s.th. J.;- 0 r,i\s.
    J _HI caagabuu caza 1-boog. They

    punished him for stealing.


    ~uu tcaagab

    caagab.

    VI

    pass. oflll ..,_;~s

    ~ cugub

    (prep.) after. ii')l..a.ll ~


    cugb $-$alaa after prayer. ~I ~
    cugb p-puhur in the afternoon. ~
    !II~ J I L cugub haaoa w-oaak after all
    of this. !~I ~ cugbees! after hard
    work. ..f---!.1 ~ ,JJ '~ ~ ($1 'ii
    nacam ba$$alitta, lakin cugbeeS. Yes,
    indeed, I got it after hard work.
    L.- ~ cugub-ma (conj.) after.~;
    trayyagt cugub-ma
    sibabt. I had breakfast after I took a
    bath.
    (prov.) o~ yW Lo ~
    cugub-ma saab xatanuu. you cannot
    ~ L. ~

    teach an old dog new tricks. Too late!


    (lit., "After he grew up, they
    circumcised him.")
    ~p

    cuguuba (v.n. from III ..,.._;~


    caagab) punishment, penalty. 0 _,;u
    .:.A-1_,.ull gaanuun f-cuguubaat the
    penal code.
    J~t cgd
    ~ cigad (~ycagid) l. to hold (a
    meeting, a session, etc.) l....:>.l IJ...lA&~..l4)1 l) c;gdaw jtimaac fi 1-baladiyya.
    They held a meeting in the municipal
    office.
    2. to conclude, effect a
    transaction. 1$)-~ JLZI ...:......lA&--....p1
    1p..K;1 ~IJ 1-bukuuma c;gdat ttifaag
    tijaari
    wiyya
    ngiltara.
    The
    government
    concluded
    a trade
    agreement with England. 3. (with J.;cala) to sign a marriage contract with.
    a.:....... ~ 4::-\s. ...lA&- c;gad ca[eeha gabil
    sana. He signed a marriage contract
    with her a year ago. 4. to knot, tie.
    j..-;-1 ...lA&- c;gad 1-~abil. He knotted the
    rope.

    t.

    ~ caggad

    II to complicate, make

    438
    difficult. J..r--"ty1 ..L....W ':J Ia tcaggid
    1- 'umuur. Don't complicate things.

    .LiAr rcaggad V be or become complicated. ..:.....L.....A.U ~~ 1-muski/a


    rcaggadat. The problem became complicated.

    .UI..IU rcaagad VI to contract, make a


    contract.
    ~ ':J li41J ..:.....UW 4... _,s:J.-1
    ~ ...:.... ..r---=! 1-/:lukuuma tcaagadat
    wiyyaana lajil nabni byuut sacbiyya.
    The government contracted with us for
    building low income housing.

    :r.

    ..~.Mil

    ncigad VII pass. of ...l.A&- c;gad

    ~I criga~

    VIII

    I. (withy b-) to

    believe in. iil~ ~ ~ .)lS"" kaafir. ma


    yictagid b-'a{fa. He's an atheist. He
    doesn't believe in God. 2. (with Jl
    'inn-) to think (that). ~ r-11 (,>\..>.. ~I ~i
    'acragid 'inna yaay 1-yoom. I think that
    he's coming today.
    ~

    cagd p. ;) ~ cguud contract, lease.


    Ld C"'..,.....;. l-:!1) ...L...WI ..:.....; ) waggact
    t-cagd wi;ya sarikat 'adma. I signed
    the
    contract with the ADMA
    company. (\Jj ~ cagd zawaaj
    marriage contract.
    ~

    c;gdp.

    ~~

    cguudnecklace.

    o..u&. cugda p. ..L..A.&. cugad l. knot. L.


    o..L..WI LA ~i J...L.ii rna 'agdar 'aficc
    haf-cugda. I cannot untie this knot. 2.
    problem, difficulty. ~ o...l.A&- cugda
    nafsiyya psychological problem, personality problem.
    ~

    cagiid p. I..L...Gs- cugada colonel

    (milit.)
    ~ tacgiid (v.n. from II ...LA&. caggad)

    1. complication, entanglement.

    2. p.

    only

    ..:...IJ

    _:.;

    -aat

    complicated

    problems .
    .)~1

    ctigaad (v.n. from VIII


    crigad) belief, faith.

    ~~

    ~ mcaggad (p.p. from II~


    caggad)
    complicated,
    entangled,
    difficult. o..lU...o ~ ga(Jiyya mcaggada
    complicated problem . ..lU...o ~ SUX$
    mcaggad mixed-up person.

    ":',) ~ t

    cgrb

    y _rAs- cagrab p. y JL.A&- cagaarib 1.


    scorpion. 2. hand (on a clock or a
    watch). ~UI y J~ cagaarib s-saaca
    the clock, watch hands.

    J~t cgf
    ~~ cfigal VIII to arrest, apprehend

    (for political reasons). "-=::! ~ o~l


    ctigaloo fi beeta. They arrested him in
    his house.
    ~ cagil p. J~ cguul mind, intellect,

    sense. ~? .JA>. cagla mxarbaf. He's


    mixed up.
    (prov.) ~ J_,...b J_,...l:zJI
    a....k.,.. j-Qs:- J-A.JIJ t-tuul tuul nxa!a
    w-[-cagil cagl ~xa(a. The mind of a
    child and the body of a man.

    ~ cagli mental. v"lrtyl ~


    ~I mustasfi 1-'amraa(J[-cag/i;ya the
    sanatorium.

    Jt$

    cgaa! p. d....W. cug/a, ~ cugif


    headband. o_jUJI J ~ ,:r V"UI ~
    JLWIJ muc(Jam n-naas hini yilbisuun
    1-gitra w-Ji-cgaaf. Most people here
    wear the headcloth and the headband.

    ~i 'acga! (elat.)

    1. (with if min)
    more sensible than. 2. (with foll. n.)
    the most sensible.

    439

    J~ macguu/ reasonable, sensible,


    rational. J~ ..,_J.1. talab macguu/

    caks ga$iir. Tall is the opposite of


    short. ~~ b-f-caks on the contrary.
    ~i ~~ '~~ b-1-caks, dbayy
    'ahead. On the contrary, Dubai is
    farther away. L. ~ caks-ma (conj.)
    contrary to, opposite to. L. ~ lS r
    ..J ..:..Jj sawwa caks-ma git-la. He did
    the opposite of what I had told him.

    reasonable request. ~J-"" ..!.LI J_,.u..


    ~(,?.15' macguul 'innak sawweet Cioi? Is
    it possible that you behaved in this
    manner?

    J--G::u

    muctaga/ I. (p.p. from VIII


    ctigal) arrested, confined. 2. (p.
    -aat) detention center.
    ~I

    ,_r\.5.s. cakkaas p. -iin, -a photographer.

    .J~t ckr

    4...,.,~ cakkaasa p. -aat camera. o...\.::o:..=ll


    .:..L...tS::.JI ~ly. t.r-ll ~ _,;~ n-najda
    ycarfuun
    1-misric
    b-waasi{at
    f-cakkaasaat. The police squad knows

    ;1...5.s.

    cakkaar p. -iin, -a. peasant,


    farmer . .J-:!..b:-IJ u.;lli ~ L. ~~~
    o;~l cJ ~~ ~':J oall;ziin ma
    tl;za$$il cakkaariin waaydiin /inhim
    yistagluun ji t-tijaara. Now you won't
    find many peasants because they deal
    in trade.

    speeding
    cameras.
    ~~e.

    ~L...s.

    caakas

    III

    ":"Jt

    ~I ncikas VII pass. of~ c;kas.


    ~ caks I. (p. J'fo ckuus) photograph. J'~ ~ ...J ~ ~I l.lA
    haaoa t-talab yibgaa-la xams ckuus.
    This application needs five photographs. ~ ~.i,.:. xaoeet caksa. I
    took a picture of him. 2. (prep.)
    opposite (of). ~ ~ J_;, {awii/

    means of

    ckk

    c{b

    ~ callab II to can, tin. J-lA.. .y


    ._;.....-::-. J ~L..1 ~ fii macaamil tea/lib

    {amaat w-mismiS. There are factories


    that can tomatoes and apricots.
    ~ tacfiib (v.n. from II~ callab)

    to oppose,

    contradict. ~ _rjl ~~ c:; ~\s.


    caakasni fi lli gtaral;zta. He was in
    opposition to what I had suggested.

    by

    ~ c;kka p. ~ cikiik leather bag in


    which butter is kept.

    VM~t Cks

    ~ c;kas (~ycakis) 1. to reflect.


    ~~ ;Y:, ~ '-,?~ haaoi rca/cis
    nuur s-sams. Tllis reflects sunlight. 2.
    to reverse, invert. )~ ~ .r-j_,.ll
    ~1/-waziir c;kas garaar 1-/ajna. The
    minister reversed the committee
    decision.

    motorists

    canning. ~
    canning factory.

    [J t

    J.-...to.-

    macma/ tacfiib

    C/j

    t_ Ls.

    caa/aj III to treat (a patient, a


    disease, a subject). ~I rj .,j _,.,1:-lsJ-~ caalajooni ji 1-mustasji sahreen.
    They treated me in the hospital for two
    months. ~~~ !.IL..... ~I ~ ycaalij
    1-'imsaak
    b-f-cisrij.
    He
    treats
    constipation with chamomile. IL

    ~~ t~ ~j':J t.r--DY haaoa


    mawpuuc /aazim yifCaa/aj b-$-$abir.

    440
    This is a subject that should be treated
    patiently.
    U~N mucaalaja (v.n. from III t~

    :?

    caalaj) treatment. 0\.b .r--11 d..J,.l...,..


    r
    markaz mucaalajat s-sarataan the
    cancer treatment center.

    't."j.s. cifaaj 1. treatment. 2. cure.

    tiJ t

    cfc
    ~ ci/ac (~ ycafic) to chew (gum).

    U"j.s. eafaaga p. -aat connection, relation, relevance. ~I 0"::! :U')I;:. ~ \... ma


    fii ealaaga been e-einteen. There is no
    connection between the two . ..:;_,\j')WI
    GWI f-ealaagaat f-caamma the public
    relations. 4.)J)~\ JJ..UI l:!IJ ~j \..;j\j~
    cafaagaatna zeena wiyya d-duwal
    1-'uroopiyya. Our relations are good
    with the European countries.

    J-:lN"

    taefiig (v.n. from II~ eallag)


    comment, commentary.

    J~i r' 0_,.(1.. JJI 'i/li ycafcuun hum


    li-cyaa/. Those who chew gum are the
    children.

    J-l.u

    ~ cific chewing

    J-W mea/lag (p.p. from II ~ ea/lag).

    JJt

    gum.

    elf

    ~ cafaj (coil.) cattle feed. s. ~


    ~

    bafnat cafaf

    ~Jt cfg
    ~ cifag (~ yeafig) to stick.

    '-?:;._.,

    J---Lu L. C"!l_,kJI

    haaoi t-tuwaabie ma
    teafig. These stamps do not stick.
    ~ callag
    U _,kjl

    II

    1. to hang s.th. ~

    oJ~\ ea/lag $-$UUra cala

    !-{oofa. He hung the picture on the


    wall. 2. to comment, make comments.
    )~ ~~ ? ~ eallag eala 1-'axbaar.
    He commented on the news.

    J-W

    teal!ag V 1. pass. from II ~


    callag.
    2. (withy b-) to be attached,

    devoted to, fond of. ~ .~\.>.. o~


    4.........A~ ..L.>.-IJ bacda yaahil. yifCallag
    waayid b-'umma. He's still a child. He
    is very attached to his mother. 3.
    (with y b-) to concern s.o., have s.th.
    to with s.o. ~ ~ \... ~ I:U haaoa
    sayy ma yifCallag biik. This lS
    something that doesn't concern you.

    mueallig (act. part. from II~


    eallag) commentator (radio or press).

    1. suspended, hanging. J---1...... '-? pS


    kubri mea/lag suspension bridge. 2.
    pending, undecided. ~ ~L..ll
    1-mas'ala meallaga. The case is
    pending.
    :U"j.s. cillaaga p. -aat coat hanger.

    ~~Jt efgm
    ~ calgam (coil.) colocynth (bot.).
    ~I

    J...:...

    f_ca[gam.
    colocynth.

    .r" ~ taema murr mi8l

    It

    tastes

    as

    bitter

    as

    ~Jt efm

    ~ cifim (~ ycafim) 1. to know. ~I


    ~ J5' ~ 'alta yealim kill sayy. God
    yca[im
    knows everything. ~~
    b-1-geeb. He's clairvoyant. 2. learn,
    find out, come to know . ..:L;I ~
    0...W u )L..) ..::......... ./' efimt 'innak carrast
    w-saafart landan. I found out that you
    got married and traveled to London.

    ~ eallam II 1. to teach, instruct. l..iI


    oJl:-- J ~ ~i 'aana 'acllimk tsuug
    sayyaara. I'll teach you to drive a car.

    44I
    2. to tell, let s.o. know. -~

    JL.u

    desk.

    r\.s.

    ~J::. ~~ tacaa/ caflimni. b-actiik

    caalim p. \.....ls. cufama I. (act. p~.


    of ~ ci[im) knowing, cognizant. 4ill
    ~ ~ ~WI
    'a/faa huwa f-caalim
    b-kill sayy. God is the Omniscient. 2.
    scientist, scholar. ~_r-j ~ ~ caalim
    fiizya physicist. ..:,r-:!...UI L....l&. cufama
    d-diin the religious scholars.

    dirhim. Come tell me. I'll give you a


    dirham.

    ~ tcaflam V to learn. ~ ~! ~
    teal/am 'ingiliizi. He learned English.
    ~ cifim I. knowledge, information.
    ~14-1 ~ ~~ L.. ma cindi cifim
    I don't have any
    b-has-sayy.
    knowledge of this thing. 11 ~ r-WI
    f-cifim cind a!fa. God knows (this
    thing). 2. (p. _,.ls:. cfuum) news. ~)
    ~..!,L. _,.ls:. wees cfuumak? What news do
    YOU have? ~ ~i ~~ L,. ma Cjndi
    'ayy cfuum. I don't have any news.

    ~j 'acfam (elat.) 1. (with i f min)


    more knowledgeable, learned than. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the most knowledgeable,
    learned.

    r_,..lA.o macfuum (p.p.

    of ~ cifim) 1.
    having been known, known. ~ I~
    _,.J..... haaoa sayyin macfuum. This is a
    known thing. 2. fixed, specific. ~
    6..........o _}..... kammiyya maczuuma fixed
    quantity.

    ~ cafam p. (>~I c[aam. flag, banner.

    rt.s.

    caalam

    I. world. 2. people . .)
    J _,_..JI .) 0---:!..l>.-IJ ~ L...s. .fii caalam
    waaydiin fi s-suug. There are many
    people in the marketplace.

    y _,L..o

    mac[uumiyya p. -aat infor


    tion, data. ~ ~ ....J..... !.1~) ~i 'abi
    'azUdak mac[uumiyya canni. I would
    like to give you more information
    about me.

    Jt.s.

    caalami world (adj.). J~ ~


    ba(al caalami world champion.

    r"j..s.

    cafaam (with suff. pron.) why?


    ~Li~IJ ~ L.. ~~ cafaamak ma tiyi
    wiyyana? Why don't you come with
    us?

    L":Js. cafaama p. -aat I. mark, sign.


    a.L.:.....-.

    a....~

    cafaama msajjala registered trademark. 2. grade, mark, point.


    wW..::. .'~ll a..~ cafaamat li-mtibaan the
    examination grade. a..~ ~ll ..:J....a>.
    ba$$alt (}amaaniin cafaama. I got
    eighty points.
    r~l sfiC/aam p. -aat information,
    inquiry. ..;..Lo~ )II /- 'isfiC/aamaat
    information, inquiry . ..;..Lo~ )II ~
    maktab 1-'isfiC/aamaat the information

    ~ mucallim p. -iin. 1. teacher, instructor. 2. (as act. part. from II~


    callam) having taught. ~ _r--10
    L..S"':>UI huwa mcallimni 1-,;,u/aakama.
    He taught me how to box.

    uJt

    cfn

    ~j 'acfan IV 1. to announce, declare. ~ J~ 'Y1 l~i Lo ma 'acfanaw


    1-'axbaar
    bacad.
    They haven't
    announced the news yet. y .)-1 l~i
    ~l_p-->.- ~ 'acfanaw /-barb cafa
    yiiraanhum. They declared war on
    their neighbors. J'"YW'il ~i 65' _rjl
    s-sarika
    'acfanat
    /- 'iflaas.
    The

    442

    company declared bankruptcy. 2. to


    advertise. Lr,>.-~ ~I o~_):.l ~ l~i
    0--:!jl} 'aclanaw fi 1-jariida 'inhum
    mi}Jtaayiin gazzaaziin. They announced in the newspaper that they
    were in need of (land) surveyors.

    ~ calanan (adv.) openly, publicly.

    l...;1:. Uu gaalha calanan. He said it


    openly.

    !J".>ls-! 'iclaan (v.n. from IV ~j 'aclan)


    p. -aat 1. announcement, declaration.
    ...:.A..i~)'l ~) law}Jat 1-'icfaanaat the
    bulletin board. 2 advertisement, ad.
    ~Jt cfy
    ~

    cifi

    (~

    yicfa) to rise, ascend.


    ~ _}-!. ~ ~ _}-!. ~ 0)_rl-1 ~I.) oa}Jlin
    1-/:laraara fiCla yoom baed yoom. Now,
    the temperature rises every day. o.r-lkJI
    ~_,......;. ~_,......;. ~ !-taayra t;c/a swayya
    swayya. The airplane is climbing
    slowly.
    ~

    calla II to raise. L. \..!.b_rP ~


    ~i J...L...,jj calli $OOtak; rna 'agdar
    'asmack. Raise your voice; I cannot
    hear you.

    Juu

    tacaal,

    Jt U

    (C/

    JL.u

    tacaa/i

    _,Js. cifu (v.n. from

    see under

    cifi) height.
    ..l4.!. s-gadd cifu li-cmaara?

    Yo Jl.o..JI p
    How high is the building?
    ~ cafa

    1. on, on top of. 4.9)JI ~


    cafa !-{oofa on the wall. ~ ~ cafa
    Ciisi on my bill, at my expense. lA ~
    ~I cafa hal-xasim. Gladly, with
    pleasure.
    2. in accordance with,
    according to you. JU-1 ..G ~ caza
    gadd l-baal to a limited extent. (prov.)

    $L:l- ..U ~ ..!..l.k- J

    ....L.o

    midd riilak cafa

    gadd 1-/;laafak. As you make your bed


    you must lie in it. ~ ~ cafa
    keefak slowly, carefully. ~ ~~
    ~ 'imsi ca[a keefak. Walk (or
    drive) slowly and carefully. 3. about,
    on, concerning. ~L... ~I ~ ~
    }Jica cafa l-ga{Jiyya saacteen. He
    talked about the case for two hours. L; i
    y4..:... ~ 'aana s-ca[ayya minna? Why
    I sh~uld I care about him? yl....:.- .?
    cafa /;lsaab on account of, on behalf of.
    4. against.~~ I)~ ~y/;laCi
    cafeek fi gyaabak. He talks about you
    in your absence. (prov.) ~ .JL.l.A .?
    !.Jy} cafa haamaanyafarcoon! You
    can't pull the wool over my eyes. You
    can't fool me. (prov.) "':-:!..UI ~ ..fi-1
    Y~l .11.r':' .:.r- 'ees cafa o-oiib min
    (Jraa{ li-ncaya?! lit., "What harm can
    the fart of a ewe do to the wolf?!" 5.
    for, over, about. ~ ~ ~ -::.. ~
    ymuut cafa fils. He will die for a
    penny . .)L.. j ~~i ~ ~ yibCi cafa
    'ayyaam zamaan. He cries over the
    good old days.

    ~i 'acfa (elat.) 1. (with .:..r-- min)


    higher, more elevated than. 2. (with
    fall. n.) the highest, most elevated.

    JLs-

    caali 1. high, tall, elevated. 4.9 _,1


    WL&. {oofa caa/ya high wall. ~\.&. oJ~
    cmaara caa/ya tall building. JL&. ~
    yibal caali high mountain. 2. high,
    inflated. JL&. ./'-" sicir caali high price.
    3. loud, strong (voice). JL&. -::.. .rP $DOt
    caali loud voice. J~ ..b...;, (Jag{ caali
    high pressure. 4. high-ranking, exalted. 4....:lL&. uJ:;) wa{Jiifa caalya high
    position. ~\.&. 4>.- J;) daraja caalya high

    443
    degree.

    1-l)arb. The French colonized Lebanon


    after the war.

    ..;~ t"t cmbr


    ~

    cambar var. of frS' canbar. See


    under .J ":' ut cnbr.

    [ t"
    J

    cmj var. of cmg. See under


    emg.

    ~,.

    t"t cmd
    .l...o.IU tcammad

    1. to do s.th.
    intentionally. ~..:.#- y~ ..L...u tcammad
    yicoib ca[eena. He intentionally lied to
    us. 2. to intend. ri..U ~..:.#- ~) ..L...u
    ._,.LJI tcammad W-cayyab ca[eena
    jiddaam
    n-naas He intentionally
    insulted us in front of people.
    ..L..o..$1 ctimad VIII (with J.;- cafa) to
    depend on, rely on. . ~ J.;- ~I
    p.-JI ~ .4..::.oU )' ctimid cata nafsak. Ia
    tictimid cafa 1-geer. Depend on
    yourself. Don't depend on others.
    ~ camiid p. I...L.s- cumada 1. general
    (mil. rank). ~ ~_; Jl c}.} trqffac 'ila
    rutbat camiid He was promoted to the
    rank of general. 2. dean. ~~ ~
    camiid 1-kulliyya the college dean.

    I~

    camdq,n (adv.) intentionally,


    deliberately. l..l..-.s- \..1.1_,_... sawwaaha
    camdan. He did it on purpose.
    .)~1

    crimaad (v.n. from VIII ...L...::&-1


    crimad) reliance, dependence. ;)~)'I
    ~~ ~ fi-ctimaad cala n-nafs
    self-reliance. ;)~\ JIJJI wraag
    ctimaad credentials (of a diplomat).

    ..; f"

    cumur p. _;W.I cmaar 1. age (of a


    cam cumrak? How
    person). ~ !l _,...sold are you? ;;,;,__. ~ c.,?~ cumri
    sittiin sana. I'm sixty years old. 2.
    life, lifetime. 21 ..Y _;L.w=-)'1/i-cmaar
    b-yadd illaah.
    lit., "One's life,
    lifetime, is in God's hands." approx.:
    I'll take my chances. He passed away;
    it's God's will.

    r5'

    o.)L-os- cmaara p . ..r-W. camaayir building. .....A.:--)1 J.;- .:_,.;.J W. d"!) ._,._,1.; ;)Y"'
    jawwad fluus w-bina cmaarteen ca[a
    s-siif. He saved some money and built
    two buildings on the seashore .

    .)L-os- camaar (no recorded p.) chain or


    rope to which the anchor of a merchant vessel is tied.
    IJI~

    cimraan construction, building,


    development. ~ Jl~ U _r ~ fii
    l)arakat cimraan
    hni. There is
    constmction activity here.
    ~ Jl....t.A.o micmaari architectural, struc<.? _;~ ._,.~ muhandis
    tural.
    micmaari architect.
    J~l sfiCmaar (v.n. from X .,-:-1
    stacmar) colonization, colonizing .

    ~J~I sfiCmaari 1. imperialistic. 2.

    imperialist.

    o..r""

    mistacmara p. -aat colony,

    settlement.

    ~f"t cmg

    cmr
    ~~

    stacmar

    to colonize.
    y .-J-1 ~ JW IJ~I ~ _,AJI
    1-faransiyyiin stacmaraw /ibnaan cugb

    J-o.S' cumg (common var. ~ cumj)


    depth, deepness. ~~I J-S' ~ cam
    cumg 1-biir? How deep is the well?

    444
    L...;~

    camiig (common var. ~


    camiij) deep. ~ p. biir camiig deep
    well.

    one of our agents . .JL......:....I ~ camiil


    sfiCmaar agent of imperialism.

    J-u

    J~t cmJ

    macmal p.
    tory, plant.

    J-.os-

    c;mal (~ ycamil) 1. to do s.th.


    rj'.>UI j...&- Cimall-laazim. He did what
    was required. o..L.f>.- ~ c;mal jihda.
    He did his best. 2. to make s.th. j...&o cimal gahwa. He made coffee.

    mucaamala (v.n. from III j.o\.$>


    caamal) I. treatment. ~j tl..t...... ~\.$>
    caamalni mucaamala
    zeena. He
    treated me well. 2. (p. -aat) business
    dealings.

    III to treat, deal with.


    rl.r->-'-! ~L.s. caamalni b-f:ztiraam. He
    treated -me with respect. L. r_r-ll !II~ ,y
    t~ .<L.:.l..\.$> min oaak 1-yoom rna
    caamalta. callaax. Since that day I
    haven't dealt with him. He's a liar.

    J.ouu

    caamal

    tcaamal

    .;..\5".r=JI

    VI

    J~l sticmaal (v.n. from X ~I

    stacmal) use, usage . .J ).A.I JL......:..-1 t~


    mamnuuc sticmaal 1-haaran. The use
    of the horn is prohibited.

    J.oLs-

    caamil p. J~ cummaallaborer,
    worker. ~-lWI l) j.oL.s. ~ yistagil
    caamil fi 1-baladiyya. He works as a
    laborer for the municipality. .J ju
    JL-..JIJ J----..-..ll gaanuun [_carnal
    w-[-cumaal labor law. JL...Ji y :r-f:zizb
    f-cummaal the labor party.

    to deal, trade. L.

    ~ 41J j.ot....:; rna nifCaamal

    wiyya baC{J s-sarikaat. We don't deal


    with some companies.
    ~I stacmal

    X to use, utilize. ':i


    o.JWI J-.:-..-; Ia tistacmiJ s-sayyaara.
    Don't use the car.

    ~J~t cmfg

    J-.os-

    carnal I. work, employment. l.l.,.


    .Jl1..:--=JI ~ .:..r-- haaoa min carnal
    s-say(aan. This is the work of the
    devil. 2. (p. J~i 'acmaal) operation,
    deed. as"_r.ll J~i 'acmaal s-sarika the
    company operations.
    ~

    camaliyya p.

    -aat operation
    (med.).
    .;..I _1 11 o~
    f:zijrat
    [-camaliyyaat the operating room.
    ~ ~ c;mal camaliyya. He had an
    operation.
    ~

    cum/a p. -aat currency (in


    ~ ~ cum/a ~acba

    circulation).

    hard currency.
    ~

    camiil p. "':J.-s. cumala agent.

    Jot..... macaamil fac-

    a...l.a~A.~

    J.oLs-

    ,y ~IJ waaf:zid min cumalaana

    J~ cimlaag p. Ul~ camaalga 1.

    giant. 2. huge, gigantic.


    ~~t

    cmm
    ~

    camm (('"":! ycimm) to be or become


    prevalent, general, to prevail, spread.

    ~ rJL.-JI y _r--=l-1 ~I ~ ~

    cugub-ma
    ntihat
    /-}}arbs-salaam
    camm. After the war had ended, peace
    prevailed.
    ~

    cammam II to make generally


    known (and applicable). r---" r.j_,ll
    r.IJ...UI J...S' ~ ~..cl,.l .J jL.ill 1-waziir
    cammam 1-gaanuun 1-yidiid cala kill
    d-dawaayir. The minister made the
    new law generally known and applica-

    445

    'u,.t cmn

    ble to all the departments.

    IJ~

    camm p. rl-.;1 cmaam 1. paternal


    uncle. V"_r.ll ,J lylS' J~>- J ~ cammi
    w-xaafi caanaw ji 1-cirs. My paternal
    and maternal uncles were at the
    wedding. ~ 0-~l 'ibin cammi my
    cousin (on the father's side). ~ ~
    bint cammi my female cousin (on the
    father's side). 2. master, employer.
    ~ cammi my master (said by a
    domestic servant).

    Jordan).
    y

    u,.t

    ..~~ cmaani

    1. characteristic of
    Oman. J~ ~ _,.l luumi cmaani
    Omani lemons. 2. (p. -yya, -yyiin
    Omani person, Omani citizen.

    lj ,.t cmy
    ~I

    ncima VII to be or become


    blind, lose one's eyesight. _r.:-$" Jl_.:,
    ~IJ ~aar Cibiir w-ncima. He became
    old and went blind.

    ~ cimma p. t:!L.s- camaayim holy


    man's turban (symbol of piety).
    (prov.) ~~ ~~J ~~ J~~
    b-n-nahaar
    camaayim
    w-b-1-leel
    xamaayim. Fair without and foul
    within. (lit. "In daylight they are
    turbans, i.e., holy men with turbans,
    and at night they are garbage, i.e.,
    rascals, knaves, etc.").

    ~J4S' cumuumi public. '-$" _,.,.s- J _,At


    talafoon cumuumi public telephone.

    r~ caamm 1. public. J~~l o)jJ


    LWI wazaarat 1-'asgaall-caamma the
    ministry of public works. a..~ ~~
    f:zadiiga caamma public garden, park.
    a.....WI ~I l-ma$lal:za [-caamma the
    public welfare. 2. general. ru J...;,_.
    mudiir caamm director general.
    ...;'~ caammi p. rl_y cawaamm
    common man, ordinary person.
    illiterate person. f. ~\s. caamiyya.

    1.
    2.

    cmn

    !JW. cmaan l. Oman (the Sultanate of


    Oman). 2. Al-Ain and vicinity, the
    Al-Ain
    area. JL...s. 1..i .r--" sirna
    cmaan. We went to the Al-Ain area.

    camma p. -aat l. paternal aunt. 2.


    lady (of the house), mistress. ~
    cammati my lady (said by a domestic
    servant).

    cammaan Amman (capital of

    cima blindness.

    camay f. ~ camya p. J~
    cimyaan l. blind. ..,._...lAJI ~ camay
    l-ga!b blind of heart. 2. bli~d person.
    (prov.) l...!.~ JWI ..J:.! J_,....JI [-cawar
    been z-cimyaan baasa. The one-eyed
    man in the country of the blind is king.

    ut

    en
    ,jS' can (prep.) 1. about, on. y-

    o.;;.,.... J

    ~~ ~~ rammasta can oiic 1-ga{Jiya.

    I talked to him about that matter. 2.


    away from, off. ~ J..::. ~ I,J---->'IJ
    raal:zaw can diirattum. They went
    away from their country. _rjl y- ~~
    'ibcid can s-sarr. Keep away from evil.
    3. out of, due to. L....,b.:. y- l.l.a. ~r
    sawweet haaoa can xa{a. I did that by
    mistake. J.--..+>-- .:.,rs- can jahil out of
    ignorance. uP')L_,:.l ~ can 'ixlaa~

    446

    ut
    IJ
    faithfully, out of sincere concern. , f
    4 J can ragba willingly. 4. as
    protection from, against. ~ ~ ':J
    ~I ~ /aabis casma can s-sams.
    He's wearing glasses as protection
    from the sun. 5. per, for. J~.) a........?_):. JS" ,y- xamsa diinaar can kill nafar
    five dinars per person. o?- ~.)
    r~ JS ~ ~J.) difaCf casara dirhim
    can kill yoom. I paid ten dirhams for
    each day. ~_):. .:.rs- can {ariig by way
    of, via. 0-:!~1 ~_):. ~ 0-LJ ..::..> }L
    saafart landan can tariig 1-bal}reen. I
    traveled to London by way of Bahrain.
    ~ut cnb

    ~ cinab grapes (coll.).

    Ju ~~

    f-cinab gaali. Grapes are expensive.


    J __,_..ll J ~ ~ fii cinab fi s-suug.
    There are grapes in the market. ~_r..::.l
    ~ stireet Cinab. I bought (some)
    grapes. ~ ~ l}abbat cinab a grape.

    '

    .;~ut cnbr
    ~

    canbar (coli.) ambergris.

    .;~ut cnbr
    ~

    canbar p. f.L:.&. canaabir storehouse. ~.) J dS'" _r:jl f.L:.&. canaabir


    s-sarika fi dbayy. The company
    storehouses are in Dubai. ~~ ~IS'
    kaatib f-canbar the storekeeper.

    '".;~ut

    cnbr

    p-:S- canbar Anbar (name of a slave).


    (prov.) J~ y:-i p:.>- canbar 'uxu b{aaf.
    Two peas in a pod.

    .:.1 u ut cntk
    ~ cantiika (invar.) old, antiquated.
    ~ oJ~ sayyaara cantiika old car.

    ~ L....!LA1

    ta.ffaaya

    cantiika

    antiquated ashtray.

    u.Juut

    cntwt

    ~~

    cantuut

    p.

    ~L:.&.

    canaatiit

    clitoris.

    Jut

    end
    ~

    cannad II to be or become stubborn, to insist. 0 y.i r":}..S


    J ..~,;.&.
    cannad w-ma simac kalaam 'ubuu. He
    got stubborn and didn't obey his
    father. .U~ c_J.r- l'l ~ cannad 'ilia
    yruul} ysuuffa. He insisted on going to
    see her.

    e:-r \. .

    .Uls- caanad III to disobey, oppose,


    resist. !.I.J-!jJ .:..L.-i ..uL.....; ':J Ia tcaanid
    'ummak w-'ubuuk. Don't disobey your
    parents.
    ~

    cind 1. (with foiL human n.) with.


    U JL>.- ..L..;>. oJl::---11 s-sayyaara cind
    yaarna. The car is (parked) at our
    neighbor's. _r-j_,ll ~ ~..dl t-tindeel
    cind 1-waziir. The foreman is with the
    minister. 2. (with foiL suff. pron.) to
    have. ..L.>.-1 J u"_r--1; o...L._:.&. cinda jluus
    waayid. He has a lot of money.~..~,;.&.
    J-j _p- .!U cindi lak xabar zeen. I have
    good news for you. LGJ y J l.i~ IJ\>..
    jaw cindana w-soolafna. They came to
    our place and we talked. ~ ~~ ~
    bitna cindahum lee/a. We stayed
    overnight at their place. 3. (with foll.
    non-human n.) at, near, by. ~I ..~,;.&.
    cind 9-9iig at the time of distress . ..~,;.&.
    4.....>.-\J-1 cind 1-J:zaaja at the time of need,
    in an emergency. o)j) ~ o}.i-.JI
    ~ J\3-1 s-safaara cind wazaarat
    1-xaarijiyya. The embassy is near the
    foreign ministry.

    447
    ~ caniid 1. stubborn, obstinate. 2.
    stubborn person.

    ~ ~ut. cndg

    J.L:&- candag (coil.) red mullet.

    s. -a a

    red mullet.

    ,jUt.

    cnz
    ~

    canz p . .:,:.>- cinaz nanny goat. ~I


    _r-JI .,S~ yo t-tees huwa oakar f-canz.
    A billy goat is the male of a nanny
    goat. (prov.) ~ ~l)..j L.. _r.Jif_canz
    ma ttaafic siggha. approx.: He's one
    who refuses to see his own faults.
    (prov.) o...,-:!jJI ~I ~ ~I _p canz
    1-yibal t/:zibb t-tees 1-gariib. approx.:
    Variety is the spice of life.
    ~~ut. cngd

    cny

    ~ cina (~ycani) to mean, to have


    in mind. ~r')\5:l14-1 ~~)wee tcani
    b-hal-kalaam? What do you mean by
    these words?
    ~

    ycani

    1. that is, in other words.

    ~~ ':tl) ~~ ~.b:.~ ~ycani

    b-taaxoiina b-t-tiib walla b-l-ga$b. In


    other words, you take him (as a husband) by hook or by crook. 2. (parenthetical remark, approx.: then, therefore) U""_,1; ~i ~ U""_f'i -4) 'ariid
    'acarris. ycani 'abgajluus. I would like
    to get married. Therefore, I want
    money.

    Jll

    cankabuut p . ..,S~ canaakib

    ~~ cinaaya (with.....,.., b-) taking care


    of, caring for. J~4 ~l;,JI f-cinaaya
    b-1-yihhaa/ taking care of children .
    .:r-..lii)~ ~l;,Ji J-cinaaya b-1-waaldeen
    taking care of parents.

    canguud p . ...Y~ canaagiid cluster (of grapes). (prov.) J~ L..


    ._..a..L>- J_,....A:! ~~~ 'illi ma y(uul
    f-canguud yguul l:zaami{J. Sour grapes.
    ~..J~~ut. cnkwbt

    spider.

    u..Jut.

    ti ut.

    ~I ctina
    VIII (withy b-) to take
    care of. ...L..>.-IJ ~ ~ yictini
    b-$il:z/:zata waayid. He takes good care
    of his health.

    .) p

    ..;.J~

    entitled "Alms (tax) in Islam."

    cnwn

    iJ~ canwan

    (0 ~ ycanwin) to

    address. as'_r.ll r--'-~ ..:. y) Yl ~


    kitab
    1-xatt w-canwana b-'asim
    s-sarika. He wrote the letter and
    addressed it with the company's name.
    iJI~ Cinwaan I. address. ~ .!..11p-

    su cinwaanak? What's your address?


    2. title (of a lecture, a book, etc.) JIY-"-!
    bi-cinwaan entitled, by the title of. ~
    r"j._, 'i I ~ ;; lS"}I J IY-"-! ry,:ll ;;_rP ~ fi i
    mul:zaa{Jara 1-yoom bi-cinwaan z-zakaa
    fi 1- 'islaam. There is a lecture today

    macna p. JL.... macaani meaning,


    sense. ~~I U. ~ ~ su macna
    hac-calma? What's the meaning of
    this word? L.....[5:J1 ~ ~ b-kill
    macna c-calma in every sense of the
    word. ~ .U Lo ~ l:zaCi ma Ia
    macna meaningless talk. L..) .j: ~
    ~~ _r-1 s-macna tiyi w-ma tmurr
    ca[eena? What do you mean by
    coming and not stopping at our place?
    ~

    Jot chd
    ~

    tcahhad V 1. to promise. L.. -4-JU

    448
    4~

    o.,......

    ~~

    tcahhad rna ysawwiiha


    marra ()aanya. He promised not to do
    it again.
    2. to undertake, obligate
    oneself, pledge oneself. fi ji_;AJI
    .?~ ._;,}'il 1-gazzaaz tcahhad ygizz
    l'ar(J baaCir. The surveyor undertook
    to survey the land tomorrow. 3. to
    guarantee, take on oneself. U --4'U
    tw~ rcahhad lana b-1-mab/ag. He
    guaranteed us the (sum of) money.

    .uwu

    tcaahad VI to vow, make a


    mutual pledge. '-:--"':!~ 0 ~ IJ~L.u
    tcaahdaw yibguun f:zabaayib. They
    vowed to remain dear friends.
    ~

    cahd l. pledge, promise. 2. (with


    y b-) knowledge. ~ L.. 'I$ c.,?-'-#cahdi bii, rna yca/lix. To my knowledge, he doesn't lie. 3. time, era. 0
    ..L.f.JI .!JI~ ji oaak f-cahd during that
    time. ~I
    wali 1-cahdthe crown
    prmce.

    JJ

    o~ cuhda (withy b-) in the charge


    of, under the care of. ~I~ JSf
    ~~ ~
    twakkal cafa !!a
    w-xa/!i kill sayy b-cuhdati. Trust in
    God, and leave everything in my

    J-5 J>-)

    charge.
    ~

    machad p . ..u.L.... macaahid institute. t..?~":/1 ~ machad 1-'ingiliizi


    the English language institute.

    o.Uw mucaahada p. -aat treaty.


    ~

    mifCahhid p. -iin contractor,

    supplier.

    .; ., t.

    chr

    o_J"l&- caahira p. -aat prostitute, harlot.


    [ ,J

    t,

    cwj see under l.j J t cwy.

    ..S.Jt cwd
    .)L$ caad (:J f i ycuud) to return, come
    back. :Jls. ~I o~J trayyeenaa 'ileen
    caad. We waited for him until he
    returned.

    l. to repeat. Lt. ..l,:.tt.i 'Y


    !{>I.....S::.ll Ia rciid hal-kalaam! Don't
    repeat these words. 4~ o_,.. .di J.ll ~
    cud i/li gi/ta marra Oaanya. Repeat
    .)L$ caad (yciid)

    what you have said again. ~I :J~


    caad n-na(Jar to reconsider. ~LA.ll
    ~I J )2JI :J\; 1-gaa(Ji caad n~na(Jar
    ji 1-ga(Jiyya. The judge reconsidered
    the case. 2. to return, send back, give
    back. ~WI J->- J~IIJ:JW. caadaw
    li-f:zyuul f:zagg $-$aayig. They returned
    the bracelets to the jeweler. oJ:J~
    ~ caadoo 1-s-sijin. They sent him
    back to jail.

    .) y

    cawwad II 1. to return, go back.

    ~ ~ ~

    :Jy)

    (_.JLll

    0 ~I

    stigal ji 1-xaarij w-cawwad cugub


    xams siniin. He worked abroad and
    returned after five years. ~ ,:,r :J y
    cawwid min hni. Go back from here.
    2. (with J.>- cala) to make s.o. get used
    to s.th., accustom s.o. to s.th. oJ:J _y
    ~I _;....jl J.>- cawwadoo cala n-nass
    1-fajir. They made him get used to
    getting up at daybreak.
    .)~ tcawwad V to get accustomed to,
    to accustom onself to. ~I;JI ._;.~ :J _yU
    ?L:... tcawwad ydiss z-zaam mit'axxir.
    He got accustomed to going to work
    late .
    .)uul ncaad

    VII

    1. to be returned,

    back. ~WI J-> lyl...tjl J~l


    li-byuul ncaadaw bagg $-$aayig. The

    taken

    449

    an early age is good.

    bracelets were returned to the jeweler.


    2. to be repeated.

    ~l.s

    caayid (act. part. from.)~ caad) p.


    -iin having returned. !ll..; i f ~~ J .f
    tawwni caayid min naak. I have just
    returned from there.

    ~y
    cuud p. .)l_,..s:-1 cwaad 1. (wood)
    stick. .) _,...JI ~ citir f-cuud kind of
    incense. (prov.) .)\.:.:..) ~ .)y j) kill
    cuud fii dJcaan. approx.: Nothing is
    perfect. Every gem has a flaw. 2. lute.

    ~ muciid p. -iin 1. teaching assistant (in a university or a college). 2.


    repeater (in a class) I,.L.,. l) ~ .J-'"
    ~~ huwa muciid ji haaoa $-$aff.
    He's repeating this class.

    ~ _,..s. cood (invar. adj.) f. o.) y cooda 1.


    big, large. .) _,....JI ~I li-msiid f-cood
    the big mosque. 2. old. o.)_,.s- a... .r}:turma cooda old woman.

    ~ _p

    mitcawwid (act. part. from V.) yU


    rcawwad) used to, accustomed. .) yo:...r"L.=... JA-:JI ._;..~ mitcawwid ydiss
    s-sugul mit'axxir. He's used to going
    to work late. L...JI~)I ~ .)~
    mitcawwid cafa r-raoaala He's used to
    profanity.

    ~\.so caad (with preced. or foll. imp.)


    then, therefore. ~ 1'~ !~J.) !ll.l.
    !.)u haak dirhim! ya/!a cal/imni caad!
    This is a dirham for you! Tell me then!

    4?~\.so caadi
    j U ._,.., y

    1. regular, ordinary. ~i

    ,,pu ..:r-}4 'abga baanziin

    caadi, muum mumtaaz. I want regular


    gasoline, not premium. (,>.)~ ~ s~}y
    caadi ordinary thing. 2. (p. -yyiin)
    simple, plain, ordinary (person).
    ,_p~ ~ SUX$ caadi simple person.
    0~~ c;yada p.
    -aat I. clinic, infirmary . .:,L(..
    l) o.)~ ~ ~U.
    hal}:tiin t/:ta$$il c;yaadafi kill mukaan.
    Nowadays, you'll find a clinic in every
    place.
    2. physician's office . ...:-.;.- J
    J ~ ~ JL.....U ,.i---""..UI JuJ J~l
    -((o.)L.....:-JI ri/:tt s-sbeetaar w-gaal
    d-daxtar, "tacaal suufniji [-ciyaada."

    JS'

    I went to the hospital and the doctor


    said, "Come see me at my private
    office."
    L.....:>.- J\>. o.)~ ciyaada
    xaarijiyya outpatient clinic.
    ~~~

    ctiyaad getting accustomed.

    ~j ~' .:.r-- _,_...aJt ~ .)~~~


    fi-ctiyaad ca[a $-$OOm min $-#gar
    zeen. Getting accustomed to fasting at

    ~lao

    ,j.J

    mictaad

    = . )~

    mifcawwid.

    cw<.1

    .!IL.s. caao (~ ~ ycuuo): !1'~ ~ _,.s-i


    'acuuou b-1-laah!
    (used when
    something evil, shameful, etc., is
    mentioned) God forbid! God save me
    from that! Heaven forbid! lit., "I seek
    refuge in God."

    ~~ ciyaao: !1'~ ~~I [-ciyaaou


    = !1'~ ~ .r-s-i 'acuuou
    b-1-/aah!
    b-1-/aah!

    .J.Jt cwr

    JY cawwar II

    to injure, hurt. o~ JY
    ,_;....:.:,) cawwar yadda w-fannaS. He
    injured his hand and resigned. !I..J""!
    4-JJY bass! cawwarta. Enough! You
    hurt him. J Jyt: if"'J raasi ycawwirni.
    I have a headache.

    J.J-111 tcawwar

    V to be injured, to get

    450
    a loaf is better than none.

    hurt. ._;.:.;J o~ ..:...oJyU tcawwarat yadda


    w-fannas. His hand was injured and he
    resigned. J~ J ~}~I ~ C l..1 taa/:1
    ca1a 1-'ar9 w-tcawwar. He fell to the
    ground and was hurt.

    JA---!._yJ tacwii9 (v.n. from ._)P_J--Scawwap) act of compensating, reparation. oJl..J-1 ~ ..}2--!._yU tacwii9 can
    1-xasaara compensation for the loss.
    ~_,..:!~ ~LJ., taalab b-t-tacwii(J. He
    demanded compensation.

    JY

    cawar p. JIJY ciwraan f. oJY


    coora 1. one-eyed, blind in one eye.
    2. one-eyed man. (prov.) ..J:-! J_,...JI
    ~~ 0~1 1-cawar been z_cimyaan
    baasa. In the country of the blind, the
    one-eyed man is king. (prov.) oJ_,JI
    Jj ~i ~ ~ 1-coora tcayyib ca[a
    'umm zirr. The pot is calling the kettle

    J.Jt cwj

    JL.s- caaf(~yciif) to feel disgust at


    s.th., detest s.th., have an aversion to
    s.th . .Uu ~I ~ cift illi gaa1a. I felt
    disgusted at what he had said. ~
    ~...lll J o.:ll...JI ~~ cift oiic 1-caada
    w-haddetta. I detested that habit and
    gave it up.

    black.
    ) l y cawaar

    I. pain (esp. stomach

    pain). 2. injury.

    J .Y coof(v.n.) disgust, aversion .

    .).Jt cwz

    ~.Jt cwg

    jl.$ caaz (jfi. ycuuz) to be needed, to

    be lacking. ~ ~j~ L. !.& ..L...J-1


    1-/:tamdu li-lldah! -rna ycuuzni sayy.
    Praise be to God! I don't need anything. ~...l;-.- J---i J L...;. j~ oJl:-----JI u
    has-sayyaara ycuuzha rang yidiid.
    This car needs new paint.
    ~ '-"" ,J

    cwsj

    ~.Y

    coosa}

    (coli.)

    boxthom,

    boxthom plant.
    ~.Jt cwp

    Jl' y

    cawwa9 II to compensate, recompense. ~~ )_,_.JI ~ -.::..,;:. y a5""_rjl


    ~\...p s-sarika cawwapata can 1-cawaar

    illi $aaba. The company compensated


    him for the injury he had suffered.

    Jl' y

    J_,..s.

    coog disease, ailment, malady.


    ~..:U .Y ~ su coogak? What ails you?
    t..f ~ .j.Y coogi ba$ari. My eyesight
    is failing.
    ~.Jt

    cwm

    rl.$

    caam (r .J-A!. ycuum) 1. to swim.


    ~~ ~ ~ J...l......A; tigdar tcuum hni? Can
    you swim here? 2. to float. .__bj..i
    t_fUI J _,..._.; ~ ~ 1-/;la{ab ycuum. foog
    1-maay. Wood floats in water.

    ry

    cawwam

    II to set afloat, to float

    s.th.

    ry

    coom (v.n. from~\.&. caam) swim-

    ming.

    rl.$

    caam p. rl_yi 'acwaam year. !JI) j

    ~L..JI Ji

    oaak 1-caam in that year.


    ~L\.11-caam 1-maa(Ji last year.

    cawa9 compensation, recompense, indemnity. (prov.) ~J ~ _,_.JI


    :i
    _k II l-cawa9 wala 1-ga{Wa.

    ("!L,s. caayim (act. part.

    Something is better than nothing. Half

    floating.

    from~\$.

    rWI

    caam)

    t:!u ~..,? _p-S' kubri caayim

    451
    tacaawan) cooperation. wJWI ~
    ~I majlis t-tacaawun 1-xaliiji the
    Gulf Cooperation Council.

    floating bridge.

    uJt

    cwn

    IJLs caan (~ yciin) to help, assist,


    aid. ~ J,1 'a!!a yciinak! G~d help
    you! op.$JI ~WI 1..- Js- ~ .iill 'a/fa
    yciinak ca1a ha1-caay1a c-Cibiira. God
    help you with this big family.

    V::N' muciin supporter, helper: assistant


    (said only of God). ~I r .iii I 'a!faah
    huwa 1-muciin lit., "God is the
    supporter." approx: God will provide.
    !~ L.,! J,1 L.,! ya 'a{faah ya muciin!
    (said in time of distress, or when
    lifting a heavy weight, pushing an
    object, etc.).

    4JJls caawan III to help, assist, aid.


    ~ J J..L..;....:JI LA ~ i '-i' JLA; .J..LZ tigdar
    tcaawinni 'asiil ha.~-$anduug? Can you
    help me carry this box?
    4JJLIU tcaawan VI to cooperate, help
    each other. JS 41J wJ~ .Jl>..J ._}Y""
    ..l..>-IJ xoos rayyaa1. yifCaawan wiyya
    kill waa/:zid. He's a good man. He
    cooperates with everyone. wJt..:; ~ j'J
    ~I ~ J-:-:- 'J laazim nifCaawan
    1ajil nxa!!is s-sugul. We have to help
    each other in order to finish the work.

    ~J'--1

    tacaawuni cooperative. ~
    ~ JW
    jamciyya
    tacaawuniyya
    cooperative society .

    OJt cwh

    u\&.

    caaha p. -aat (bodily) defect,


    physical handicap.

    p\$.

    4JJA' macuuna

    ~Y' cweena

    0 y coon.

    = 0 y coon. 1il1

    ~.Y 4

    !~ ya cweent a!!a ca1ee! approx.:


    He'll want God's assistance for that.

    4JJLIU tacaawun (v.n. from VI 0 JLA;

    cwy
    (c.,?~ycawi)

    to howl (dog,
    wolf, jackal). c..?~ 0L..S"" ~~ c-ca1b
    caan ycawi. The dog was barking.
    0t.s.y. .JLS 4.>'J '-:?~ wlS"" ~..u' o-oiib
    caan ycawi linna caan juucaan. The
    wolf was howling because it was
    hungry.

    4J _r coon (v.n. from


    caan) 1. help,
    assistance. l) w~ .iill 0 ~ ~\$. 0 ~
    ! ~ y c;nda caay1a Cibiira. 'a! fa ykuun
    fi coona! He has a big family. God
    help him! 2. (p. wly-i 'acwaan) helper,
    supporter. _r-j}l wly-i i f y. huwa min
    'acwaan 1-waziir. He's one of the
    supporters of the minister.

    Jt

    I.Sy c;wa

    to seek help. ~
    ~ ~ ...L...>-IJ J--5"' .U~ lil:zyatin
    gaanma. kill waa/:zidyistaciinfii. He's
    a man with an irresistible appeal.
    Everyone goes to him for help.
    IJU.:....,.,I stacaan

    ~~

    '.i -' t.

    cwy

    4S y

    ciwa

    ~I c.,? y

    (c.,?~

    ycawi) to bend, twist.


    ciway 1-ga9iib. He bent

    the rod.
    I.S_J-AJI nciwa VII to be or become
    bent, twisted. ~_,.ul o.Jl:--)1 ~\$..)
    ~..UI ~ daccaamaat s-sayyaara
    nciwyat b-sabab d-dacma. The car
    bumper got bent because of the
    collision.
    ~

    caway p. c.,? y cuuy f.

    ~y

    cooya

    452

    1. bent, crooked, twisted, not straight.


    (prov.) <.$_,..>- ..,_..Kli -.,....;~ oanab c-calb
    caway. A leopard cannot change his
    spots. 2. winding, twisting. ~Y 6..:...- .J
    rasta caoya (paved) winding road.

    ~c.j

    w-wataniyya. There are religious and


    national holidays. '-"'_,....1):.1 ~ ciid
    1-yiluus accession day, coronation day.

    jc.j t cyz
    ~ ciyaz (~ ycayiz) 1. to be or become weak, lack strength. ~ .J~ L.
    ~ ........:.'J J J..L;..,a.]l ma yigdar ysii!
    $-$anduug linna ciyaz. He can't lift the
    box because he has become weak.

    cyb

    J;- cala)
    1. to call s.o. bad names. y\.&. J ~ J~
    ~ haawasni w-caab calayy~. He
    quarreled with me and called me bad
    names.
    yL.;. caab (~ yciib) (with

    cayyab

    II 1. (with

    J;- cala) to

    w-l-ca$a b-yadda. cayyaz. His beard is


    grey and the cane is in his hand. He
    has grown old.

    make fun of s.o. ~ ~ i\j ~\J,.I


    .......:.,.:.i 1-yaahil gaam ycayyib cala 'uxta.
    The child started to make fun of his
    _Jib
    sister. 2. to insult. L# '-:--:-"
    L.....__::, )~) huwa lli cayyab caleena
    w-haawasna. He's the one who
    insulted us and quarreled with us.

    cayz deficit, shortage. l) ~ ~


    fii cayzfi 1-miizaaniyya. There's
    a deficit in the budget.

    Jll

    ~1_;:11

    j~ cayuuz p . ..r.~ cayaayiz m. ~


    seeba p. yl~..__.:;, suwwaab
    1. old
    woman, elderly lady. 0 j~ ~
    ~I J _,_...., cift cayuuz ji suug
    s-simac. I saw an old lady in the fish
    market. 2. old, elderly. j~ 0 ..r
    burma cayuuz old lady.

    ceeb p. y ~ cyuub I. defect,


    blemish.
    2. shame, disgrace. ~
    !~ ceeb caleek! Shame on you!
    J

    c.j t cyd
    4
    cayyad II to celebrate or observe
    a feast.~\ J G..l:>- cayyadnaji 1-ceen.

    _r.-~

    caayiz (act. part. from~ ciyaz)


    1. weak, feeble. rU:. JL>.- .J rayyaal
    caayiz feeble man. 2. (with .y- can)
    unable to do s.th. jA.-:JI .y- r\.&. caayiz
    can s-sugul unable to work.

    We celebrated the feast in Al-Ain. l>.~1 ~ 0 ~ 4 ) ya w-cayyad


    cafeena ji cud l-l:zayy. He came and
    celebrated the Pilgrimage Feast with

    us.

    cud p . ..:.~i 'acyaad feast, festival,


    holiday. L>L,a...) 4
    cud rum{Jaan the
    Ramadan Feast, Lesser Bairam. 4
    ~I cud {J-{Jil:ziyya (also known as

    o~ miciyza p. -aat miracle (esp. one


    performed by a prophet).

    ~I 4

    cud l-l:zayy) the Pilgrimage


    Feast ' Greater Bairam. d......;.,;.
    - .. ..:.W.i
    .. w..
    ;;
    _b))
    fii
    'acyaad
    diiniyya

    cayyaz II to age, grow old . ...:.)..

    ~ . o4. L.,a.Ji) ~ lil:zyita beer)a

    I.)"J

    c.j

    cys

    ciis (coli.) camels


    bacaariin s. f.:"-! biciir.

    JLcj t

    J-}-"!

    cys

    JA.S caas (~ yciis)

    1. to live, be

    453

    alive (for a period of time), live in a


    certain manner. 4.;,__..., yl J-l.s- caas
    'imyat sana. He lived a hundred years.
    o.J-!i or-" L-.!1) ..}\...s.. caas Wi.Y.Ya murf
    'ubuu. He lived with his step-mother.
    ..!.llo J-l...s- caas malik He lived like a
    king. 2. to make a living, exist. 4..!.L.....
    ~ 0_,1..-;. lfJ.:li L. .jl...J-1 ..L_j ~

    ~~t cyj

    JL$. caaf (~ yciij). See under ...i J t


    cwf
    J~t cyl

    cayal (conj.) therefore, for that


    reason, then. y..UI CJ) \... '~ cayal,
    ma truu/:1 d-daxtar. Therefore, you
    won't go to see the doctor. L... '~

    macaasa cala gadd 1-/:laal. ma 'adri


    sloon yciis. His salary doesn't go far. I

    _?~ ~ J..L....Z cayal, ma tigdar


    tiStagil baaCir. Then, you cannot work

    don't know how he makes a living. 3.


    to reside, dwell . .:.r-..rs- ~ y. ~ ~
    4.:....-- cw ji bu (Jabi cisriin sana. I lived
    in Abu Dhabi for twenty years .... J-lscaaS... long live ... !..1,!\j ~I J-ls- caas
    s-seex zaayid! Long live Shaikh
    Zayid! !!l..l,!l ~Is- caasat 'iidak! (said
    to s.o. who has handed you s.th.) lit.,
    "May your hand live long." f. ~\s.
    !!l..l,!l caasat 'iidic!

    tomorrow.

    caayla p. Jh&- cawaayil family.


    o~ ~Is- o~ cinda caayla Cibiira. He
    has a large family. J-I_,.JI J>- 0~ ll.,.
    haaoa mukaan /:zagg f-cawaayi/. This
    4~

    is a place for families.

    j-:&- cayyif p. J~ cyaa{ child. t \. .

    cyaa! saalim Salim's children. o...L..:sJy cinda cyaa{ waaydiin. He

    ..J-:!...1.>.-IJ

    cees (coli.) rice.?~ /:labbat


    cees grain of rice. ..!.lr J ~ ~
    kaleet cees w-simac. I ate rice and fish.
    ~~ ~~ ~~ f-cees nistirii
    b-c-Ciis. We buy rice by the (canvas)

    has many children.


    J~ cayyaal p. ;;J~ -a male dancer. f.
    L:;.\.,U

    people with living expenses.


    ~

    cusa life, living.

    :?IN macaas salary, pay, stipend.


    ~

    maciiSa life, living.

    cw9.

    0 ~.I- ;;J~I

    with swords, daggers, and rifles.


    ('~

    cym
    ~

    caymi p. ~ c;yam (less


    common va.r. cajmi p. cijam) 1. a
    Persian. ~./' ~ L. . ~ caymi.
    ma yitkallam carabi. He's a Persian.
    He doesn't speak Arabic. 2. illiterate,
    unlearned person.

    ~~t cy(J
    ~U.:......I

    naccaasa p. -aat.

    W-WIJ ~IJ ~4 [-ca.Y.Yaala


    yargu$uun
    b-s-seef
    w-l-xanyar
    w-1-bindigi.Y.Ya. Male dancers dance

    sack.

    ca.Y.Yas II to support, provide for.


    _r--U.)I ~ a.... _.P.1 1-l:zukuuma tcayyis
    1-fagiir. The government helps poor

    J~

    stacaa9

    X. See under J&Jt

    IJ~

    caymaan

    cajmaan) Ajma.n.

    (common

    va.r.

    454

    U(j t

    cyn
    ~

    cayyan

    .;.. ':.II ~
    (_-::------'

    II 1. to appoint, assign.
    1..5
    ~
    - )) l_k_. o~

    cayyanuu

    rnataarzi hagg s-seex. They appointed


    him a bodyguard for the Shaykh. 2. to

    specify, designate. ~~I


    LJ:..S~i cayyan-li illi yabgiini ;ayiiba. He
    specified what he wanted me to bring.
    ~

    tcayyan V 1. to be appointed,
    assigned. ~J.WI l) jl_r.i ~ tcayyan
    gazzaaz ji 1-baladiyya. He was
    appointed a surveyor in the municipality. 2. to be set, fixed, designated. i y.
    ...w., ~ Lo if~\ yoorn f-cirs rna
    tcayyan bacad The wedding date
    hasn't been set yet.
    ~ ceen p. J ~ cyuun 1. eye. ~I

    L,>-l..o 4
    1-bint cyuunha ~aahya.
    The girl's eyes are sound. The girl has
    good eyesight. !~IJ U'l__,.jl ~ cafa
    r-raas w-f-ceen! or !~) ~\J ~
    cata raasi w-ceeni! Gladly! Willingly!
    (a reply to a request). L. ul.;. L. \..1:?
    ...:...,..~ ceen rna saafat rna /aarnat (prov.)
    seeing is believing. 2. water spring.
    (., )..i.....Y .J:-? ceen caoaari famous water
    spring in Bahrain. 3. (stove) burner.
    J ~ t-'!) ii u ~ cuula 'urnrn 'arbac
    cyuun four burner stove. 4. name of
    the letter t_ c.

    tacyiin (v.n. from II\..;:? cayyan)


    1. (p. -aat) assignment, appointment.
    ~i o~):-1 l) <.::.~ J..L.p ~~ u~
    tacyiinaat 1-mucalfimiin ~adarat ji
    1-yariida 'ams. The teachers' (school)
    assignments were published in the
    newspaper yesterday. 2. specification,
    designation. ~ J J~ b-duun tacyiin
    at random.
    IJ~ cayaan (invar.): J~ ~L;. saahid
    cayaan eyewitness.

    IP.J" rncayyan (p.p. from II \..1:? ca.Y.Yan)


    1. appointed, set, fixed. l) ...J ~
    yiit-la fi wagt rncayyan. I
    came to him at an appointed time. 2.
    having been appointed, assigned. ~
    ~ rncayyan mucallirn. He has been
    appointed as a teacher. 3. certain,
    specific. ~~ '-"" L>...::.i J> 0:>. \;;.s! .:)
    ~ c:.;"')..J, y nihin rnihtaayiin hagg
    'asxaa~
    cindahurn
    rnu'ahhalaat
    rncayyana. We are in need of people
    who have certain qualifications.
    ~ ...::...,j J

    (j (j t cyy
    ~ cayya

    II (with.:.;:- can) to refuse.

    j-.-JI ~ ~ cayya can 1-carnal. He


    refused to work. (with foil. imperf.) to
    refuse to do s.th. \.j~\J ./::"-! ~ cayya
    ysiir wiyyaana. He refused to come
    with us.
    1.$~ cayaay see under [

    [t cjj.

    t
    oJ

    It gaad

    See under IJ~J qby.

    .)L$. gaad over there, there. .)\S:. C.JJ


    ruul) gaad. Go there. ~ . .)l_&. C.JJ
    !~ Jf. ruul) gaad. xa!!ni b-ruul)i! Go
    away! Leave me alone.

    jlt gaaz
    jLS. gaaz (common var. qaaz) p. -aat
    gas.

    ~~t gbS

    .;.:Jt gtr
    op

    gitra p. p gitar men's headcloth.


    op gitra w-cgaa! headcloth and
    head band (known as the head gear;
    the JL...G; cgaa! holds the 0p gitra in
    place).
    J~J

    ,. .:;, t gtm
    ~

    ~ gabbas II to go very early in the


    morning. ~I ..}~ .:r.,l ~ ygabbis
    leen ydiss s-sugul. He leaves at dawn
    when he goes to work.
    ~

    gubsa 1. early morning. 2. in


    the early morning. ~~ ~I ._;,~
    ydiss s-sugu/1-gubSa. He goes to work
    at dawn.

    ~~t gbg

    gatam f. ~ gatma p. 0~
    gitmaan 1. dumb. 2. mute.

    66t gOO
    ~gaO() (~ygiOO) to bother, upset,

    trouble. 0l-i)ll c..;u ~~ t.jh haaoi


    1-muski/a
    tgiOO
    1-'insaan. This
    problem bothers people. !..!.1>- J,; ..:..;.; ":}
    Ia tgiOO
    ruul)ak! Don't bother
    yourself. Y~ ~~ ~ minu IIi
    gaOOak? Who upse-t you?

    W gabga p. -aat light meal, usually

    ~!..Ail

    taken late at night.

    ~ giOOa (v.n. from


    trouble.

    Jy:i:- gubuug late night.


    ~ gubun loss. (prov.) ~ ~~
    ~ !.l~y. ..:..-:11_, 1-l)ayy yil)yiik
    w-1-mayyit yziidak gubun. lit., "A
    living person gives you (new) life and
    a dead person makes your loss
    greater." o}.::. -ll (..)~I~~ 4....!~
    $aaba gubun /een stira s-sayyaara. He
    got a raw deal when he bought the car.

    'i~t gby
    gabi (more common var.

    ..:_&.

    gaOO) bother,

    .; .Jt gdr

    u~t gbn

    nga()() VII pass. of..:_&. gaOO.

    qabi)

    ;J...S:. gidar (,;~ ygadir) to act treacherously toward s.o., doublecross


    deceive. !.1,;..l..io:! l.S ~ ,~..L.p y .J-"
    haaoa muub $idiij, tara ygadrak. This
    is not a friend; I warn you he will turn
    on you. ~ ,;..l..._$. gidar biina. He
    deceived us.

    IL

    .r..JS.

    gadiir p. 01,;..1.&- gidraan 1. pool,


    pond of rain water. 2. stream, brook.
    ;IJ...S:. gaddaar p. -iin

    deceitful. .l.:.:.l

    456
    !)...L......AJI ,J---' ..!JJ~ 'ixio baalak min
    l-gaddaar! Beware of deceitful people.

    ':? Jt

    gdy

    ~.SJS.

    gida (c.?~ ygadi) to become, turn


    into. L..f.>.J) rJ~J 0~ ..:;,..J...j:. ~\
    l-bint
    gadat
    Cibiira
    w-laazim
    nzawwijha. The girl has become old,
    and we will have to marry her off.
    i.SU gadda II I. to give lunch to s.o.
    ~..~.&. ~i) L.... .J..lll .:.r-- \)L.:,. J~l
    fi_cyaaf
    yaw
    min
    l-madrasa
    w- 'ummhum gaddattum. The kids
    came from school and their mother
    gave them lunch. 2. to treat s.o. to
    lunch, buy lunch for s.o. r_r-11 .oJ~L...
    ~\..~.&.) saacadta l-yoom w-gaddaani. I
    helped him today and he treated me to
    lunch.

    country. J' _,1; ._}P-J ?


    j>-- ~ Y }.U... cJ-> garrab laji/ yistagil w-ytarris
    fluus f:zagg hala. He left his country in
    order to work and send money to his
    family.

    y _jU tgarrab V =

    y .}- garrab

    II.

    y ~I stagrab X to be surprised. t;i


    ..__;\j~ ,y .....,., .,;.::....i 'aana 'astagrib min
    fa$arrufaata. I am surprised by his
    behavior. ~..U '0~\.s:. c;.l.P> .y _;.::.-.; '1 Ia
    tistagrib haaoi caada gadiima. Don't
    be surprised. This is an old custom.

    ..f garb west. y

    }Jil-garb the West.


    . . .,., _;-AJIJ J _rjl s-sarg w-l-garb east and
    west. y .}- Jli- samaal garb northwest
    (n.). -LWI y .}-garb l-balad west of the
    city.
    y

    .r-.i'

    garbi

    I. (as n.) westerly wind.

    I.SJ.iU tgadda V (common var. V L)...IZ

    .....Jl>-) ~ .J~ Iyo ~ ~jJ\1-garbi yiyiib

    tqadda) to have lunch. ? ) r-=1- ~..w


    tgaddeena /af:zam w-cee. We had meat
    and rice for lunch. (prov.) .Y L)..W'
    ~ ~ L.. ~ tgaddafii gabil-ma
    yitcaSa fiik. The early bird gets the
    worm.

    hawa baarid w-f:zaaff. The westerly


    wind brings cool and dry weather. 2.
    (as
    adj.)
    occidental,
    Western,
    European. 3. Westerner, European.

    ~ I..Jt graam

    yl~

    r'..f graaam p. -aat gram.


    U,;...Jt

    gr'n

    I)T_;J gur'aan

    (common var. qur'aan)

    Quran.

    "':'..Jt

    ~.}- gurba absence from one's home-

    land.

    grb

    y _;J; gurab (y fi ygarib) to set (sun,

    graab p. 0~.}- girbaan crow,


    raven. (prov.) ..:.,.\j L. J /' yi}JI -))
    ~WI lo fi li-graab marag mafaat
    $-$ayyaad. It's a worthless thing.

    1..:-!...f gariib p. -iin, ~.}- guraba 1.


    stranger, foreigner, outsider. ~
    o~~ ...c.-i o~ L. . ~.}- huwa gariib.
    rna cinda 'af:zad ysaacda. He's a for-

    moon). \s-.P> u---=JI y ~ ..,r- mila


    tgarib s-sams hini? When does the sun

    eigner. He doesn't have anybody to

    set here?

    ~.}-

    _;J; garrab

    II

    to go to a foreign

    help

    _;J;i

    him. 2. strange, foreign. ~


    fibs gariib strange clothing.

    'agrab (elat.)

    1. (with ..:.r- min)

    457
    more unusual than, stranger than. 2.
    (with foll. n.) the most unusual, the
    strangest.

    y _jll 1-magrib I. (more common var.


    li-mgarb) sunset. '-::-... ~WI y _,.;J.I
    li-mgarb s-saaca sitta. Sunset is at six
    o'clock. y _,.;.il o':>l..,.. $a1aat li-mgarb
    the sunset prayer. 2. at sunset. \.j .r"
    y _r-Ail sirna li-mgarb. We left at
    sunset. 3. y )J.11-magrib I. Morocco.
    2. northwest Africa.
    ,.,r.~

    magirbi p.

    ~JU...

    magaarba I.

    person from Morocco. 2. Moroccan,


    from Morocco. 3. North African. 4.
    person from North Africa.

    J"':'.Jt grbl

    yourselfl

    0~ gurra:

    first day of the month.

    JJ.rN magruur p. -iin -'-IJ ~ JJ_,;....


    magruur b-nafsa waayid He is much
    taken with himself.

    .i.Jt grz
    j;S- garraz

    II (common var. II j}
    qarraz) to get stuck or plunged . ..:... j_);J-..o )ll) o}-~-...JI garrazat s-sayyaara fi
    r-ramil. The car got stuck in the sand.

    VM.Jt grs
    '-""_rS. giras (....,..~ ygaris) to plant.
    J\.kll tJ~ J_,k ~ ~ 1_,..... ):- girsaw
    siyar ca1a tuu1 saaric 1-mataar. They

    j-!~

    planted trees along the airport road.

    garba1 (j..!fi ygarbil) I. to


    bother, irritate s.o. ~):- ~ _r.-JI/-ba;d
    garbalni. The cold bothered me. .iill
    !.!..L.4fi 'a!!a ygarbilk! Damn you!

    ~.Jt grs

    God's curse be upon you! 2. to sift,


    sieve. ..r.---JI ~):- ......_.. )-1 !-burma
    garbalat /-burr. The woman sifted the
    wheat.

    ,.) e.

    J.,j7 tgarbal (J._Ayitgarbal) pass. of


    J.j:- garbal.
    ~~ garbala (v.n. from J.):- garbal)
    I. bother, irritation. 2. sifting.

    .;.;t grr

    L.!:o ~gada p . .._}1):- graas bottle.~


    ~ U ):- catni garat bebsi. Give me
    a bottle of Pepsi-Cola.
    . 0
    gr,

    J' ;S- garap p.

    ._,.;,1~1

    graap thing,
    P?Ssession, belonging. l) J ..!.L.;:.I ):-I
    !.iill 0L.....I limm graapak -fi maanillaa! Gather your things and go away!

    ,Jt,Jt grgr
    ~~ gargar ():- fiygargir) to gargle .

    ~ garr (fi

    ygurr) to deceive, mislead.


    t"')...>.. 1..5~ ,ok !.!~ 'j laygurrak
    maphara, tara callaax. Don't let his
    appearance fool you, because he's a
    liar.

    J-S

    ~' 0):- gurrat s-sahar the

    gtarr

    ceited.

    He gargled with water and salt.

    o~~ gargara (v.n.) gargling, gargle.

    ~.Jt grg

    J.;--S-

    VIII to be or become con-

    !~ Jf. ~ 'j

    b-ruul:zak!

    ~ J <;\..$. ):-):- gargar b-maay w-mi//:z.

    Don't

    be

    Ia tigtarr
    taken

    with

    girig (J ~ ygarig)

    1. to be
    drowned, to go under. J..l.i ..b- \... J J ):~L11 .:.r" ~ girig w-mal:zl:zad gidar

    458

    yintasla min 1-maay. He drowned and

    l:i..Jt

    nobody could pull him out of the


    water. 2. to sink. ;; ?WI y _,.;:. .Ju_,kll
    ..:.-..j _);- J

    !-(uufaan

    'J.J,.} garya (less common var. qarya) p.


    i..f ~ garay village. ~)i ;; piw:> ~) ~
    l) hiili garya ~agiira 'a8ariyya
    j,. bu pabi. Hili is a small archeological

    pirab 1-baaxra

    ~ .J---!

    w-grigat. The storm hit the ship and it


    sank.
    3. to be flooded, immersed,
    submerged. _r--kil .:.r--- -:..-j _);- t)_,_;jl
    s-sawaaric grigat min 1-mutar. The
    streets were flooded by the rain.

    village in Abu Dhabi.

    .;j

    t gzr
    J_j-S- gazir I. (common var. ~ cumg,

    J _;J;-

    cum}) depth, deepness. ~I J:f ~

    garrag II 1. to drown s.o, cause


    s.o. to drown. u _);- .JU_,kll t-tuufaan
    garraga. The storm drowned him. 2.
    to sink, cause to sink. ..:.-.j _);- 4....oi_,.;JI
    ;; ?WI 1-gawwaa~a garragat 1-baaxra.
    The submarine sank the ship.

    .JlJ.f' gargaan

    1. drowned. 2. sub-

    merged, flooded.

    J J L.J; gaarig p. -iin swamped, snowed


    under. y..._..:JI l) J.J\i. gaarigji s-sugul
    swamped with work.

    is the Gulf here? 2. gist, essence. J}


    o~l gazir 1-ga~iida the gist of the
    poem.

    Jjt

    gzl

    Jp

    gizal (J)t.! ygazil) to spin . ..:..> __;--.;.1


    ._.j ):- J j )..;-->'- j .J--P stirat ~uuf xaruuf
    w-gizlata. She bought sheep's wool
    and spun it.
    ..:.L; J~ Y-J ._:1 y f.. J _,...JI l) ~ J)..ij b)

    garram

    I. to fine, impose a

    II

    fine on s.o. ~ .J~ ~I

    l?" _);-

    ~LQJI

    1-gaapi garramni 'imyat dirhim. The


    judge fined me one hundred dirhams.
    2. to charge, dock s.o. l) ~i bl
    ~ Y' }<!. ~..UI 'ioa 'abteet ji d-dajic
    ygarrmuunak. If you don't pay on
    time, they will charge you.

    r~

    tgarram
    garram.
    ~1.}-

    \s-J> cam gazir 1-xa/iij hni? How deep

    Jj~ gaazal III to court, flirt with s.o.

    ~.;t grm

    r_ri;-

    gry

    pass. of II i ~

    garaam love, infatuation, passion.

    u=-J! 'ioa tgaazil bint fi s-suug


    yzixxuunak w-ywadduunak s-sijin. If
    you flirt with a girl in the marketplace,
    they will arrest you and put you in jail.

    J _j--S-

    gazal
    I. yarn, spun thread.
    (prov.) ~I J.r-JIJ J_,__i J} j\_. j
    j ~ zamaan
    'awwal t~awwal
    w-1-gazal nga{ab $UUj Times change.
    Things are no longer the same. 2.
    (v.n. from III JjU. gaazal) flirtation.
    J_;JI? sicr 1-gaza/love poetry.

    ~1.}- garaami (adj.) love, passionate.

    Jl;s.

    ~1_);- ~

    deer. ~ ji_;....JI ~ /a~am 1-gazaal


    [ayyib. Venison is delicious. f. '.llj -a

    gi$$G garaamiyya love

    story.
    Ll_j- garaama p. -aat
    penalty.

    1. fine.

    2.

    gazaal p. 0~ ):- gizlaan gazelle,

    female gazelle.

    459

    .Jjt

    gzw

    ritual ablution (i.e., to wash the whole


    body, esp. after intercourse). r,...J
    ~ \... ~ ~I guum gtisil gabil-ma
    f$alli. Go cleanse yourself before you
    pray.

    I.S,;..S- gaza (t.;~ygazi) to raid, attack,


    carry out a tribal expedition on,
    invade. J5 ._:..,.1_:.:. J r--+i.)- ~I ~~
    ~1~1 oiic 1-gabiila gazattum
    w-xaoat kill graappum. That tribe
    raided them and took all their
    possessions. ._:.., j---S:- ~~lJ,.I C:!~'
    C
    _I:.L.\ ~ Jl_,....__....\11
    1-bapaayic
    1-jaabaaniyya gazat 1- 'aswaag fi
    1-xa/iij. Japanese goods have invaded
    the markets in the Gulf.

    J;J-

    gazu
    attacking.

    (v.n.) raiding, invading,

    OJ.f- gazwa (n. ofinst.) p. -aat a raid, a


    tribal attack.

    J '-"" t

    gsl

    J-S gisal (~ ygasil)


    t.r- ~ ~J.u J~

    to wash.
    ygasluun
    hduumhum kill subuuc. They wash
    their clothes every week.

    J...-$:. gassal

    1. to wash thoroughly.
    JS'~ ..u; J A.....:.,!...\,! I J-.-S:- gassal 'iideena
    w-gicad yaakil. He washed his hands
    and sat down to eat. (prov.) J-j J-)
    ~ yJ ~ ~IJ o.__.L. ~ ..uj yJ

    J y.l-.a.! z-zeen
    zeenin law gicad min
    manaama w-s-seen seenin law gassal
    b-$aabuun. A leopard cannot change
    his spots. 2. to wash, bathe s.o. or a
    corpse. V"~I ~ V",r-ttll J ~
    ygassluun 1-micris lee/t [-cirs. They
    bathe the bridegroom on the wedding
    night. o_,.....;.;~ J ~I 1}-J:- gassalaw
    l-mayyit w-difnoo. They washed the
    corpse and buried it.
    ~I

    gtisal

    VIII to perform major

    4JL...j:. gassaala p. -aat washing machine. ~ J5 ~ 4.1L...&. ~ ~U.


    ha/l:ziin t/:za$$if gassaala fi kill beet.
    Now, you will find a washing machine
    in every house.

    J..-AA

    magsal p. j....\.A... magaasil sink,


    washbowl.

    '-"" t gsm
    ~ gisam (~ygasim) (less com-

    mon var. qisam)

    1. to divide, split.
    ~ U.O,r---AJI ~ gisam /-gar$
    gismeen. He divided the loaf of bread
    into two pieces. 2. to will destine
    '
    '
    foreordain. U r---..:i ,JwJ .s.j~ ,21
    t.;.l......S 'a!faah,
    subl:zaanahu wa
    tacaalaa, gisam lana Cioi. God, be He
    praised and exalted, willed it this way
    for us.
    ~ gassam

    II to divide, distribute.
    ~ C ~_; '.11 ~ gassam l- 'arbaal:z
    caleena. He divided the proceeds
    among us.
    ~ tgassam
    gas sam.

    V pass. of II ~

    ~_i5isim (common var. gisim) 1. (p.


    ~l-il 'agsaam) section, department. 2.
    part, section. ~ gismeen two parts.
    3. (p. ~ _,_....;1 'igsuum) shape, figure.
    (prov.) 'i_,..J JU_,:. ~ J..U.I 'iy-J ~ _,_....;1
    (.>l.S:JI 'igsuum loola li-hduum xirfaan
    loola 1-kalaam. Fair without and foul
    within.

    460

    4-.J gismo (v.n. from r-i gisam) 1.

    ooola b-'alf dirhim? magsuus. Did


    you buy those for a thousand dirhams?
    You have been cheated. 2. adulterated. ._;~ ~ baliib magsuus
    adulterated milk. ..}~ ~j zibid
    magsuus adulterated butter.

    dividing, splitting.
    2. destiny, fate
    (foreordained by God), lot. J-=~) d............j 'il/i bi~al gismo w-na~iib.
    What has happened is foreordained by
    God.

    JJI

    t gsy

    1,? V"'

    :.

    -.r"\! gaasi (less common var. gaasi)


    I. harsh, severe, cruel. ~l! ~u

    gaa(Ji gaasi harsh judge . .J~ Js- ~l!


    gaasi cafa cyaafa. He's harsh with his
    kids. 2. hard, solid, stiff. p L>"l!
    pi gaasi mi()/1-biyar hard as roc-ks.
    ;.

    :.

    . ..

    V"' V"' t gss


    ~

    gaS (._;-..;.: ygi.SS) I . to cheat,


    swindle. J J-! )I ._;-..;.: . <~.....:..A t,S _r..;. I \... rna
    'asliri minna. ygi z-zibuun. I won't
    buy from him. He cheats customers .
    ._f---i- G '1 J L_,.,_j '1 I 0
    nijab ji
    li-mtibaan linna gaSS. He passed the
    examination because he cheated. 2. to
    adulterate, dilute. JS'~I ~ ~\1.. ~
    UL. fii mataacim tgi.SS 1-'akil maalha.
    There are restaurants that adulterate
    their food.

    e-i.

    ~I

    ngass VII pass. of ._;..i- gaS.

    ..f-S-

    giss (v.n. from ._;..i- gass) fraud,


    swindling. ~ ,:r y y tl..l::LIJ _r;JI
    t,S J..LJI 1-giss w-1-xidaac muub min
    siimat li-bdiwi. Fraud and deception
    are not among the attributes of Bedoums.

    J-L.::.S.

    gassaas p. u~ gassaasa, -iin


    cheat, swindler, cheater.

    J- ~

    magsuus (p.p. from

    ._;..i- gas)

    I. having been cheated. ~_r.-;.1 ..:.....ii


    ~ ~ ~ ).:>

    ..;

    ~V"'t

    wJl, 'j )~ 'inta stireet

    ....

    gsm

    ~ gasiim p. ~ giSSam, -iin 1.


    inexperienced, untrained. y...;J~ ~
    gasiim b-s-sugul inexperienced at
    work. 2. greenhorn.
    :.

    .; ~ V"'

    .t. gsmr

    ~ gasmar (~ygasmir)

    1. to

    kid s.o. ~t,>JS y r '~ ...:_..j( 'inta


    tgasmir, muub Cioi? You are kidding,
    aren't you? 2. to make fun of s.o .
    .._,..UI \1...\...i J ~ gasmarni jiddaam
    n-naas. He made fun of me in front of
    the people.

    'i~t gsy
    ~ gisa ( ~ ygasi) to faint, lose
    consciousness. J _,__JI 0 ~ gisa fi
    s-suz1g. He fainted in the marketplace.
    I)~ gasyaan fainted, unconscious.

    0~

    c lb taab gasyaan. He fainted.

    ~~e.. g~b
    ~ gi~ab (~ yga$ib) to force,

    compel. ~ ..:r.l [.)fS ~ gi~abha


    tizzawwaj 'ibin cammaha. He forced
    her to marry her cousin.
    ~I ngisab

    VII pass. of ~
    gi$ab . .?~ CJ.r!- ~I ngi$ab yruul;
    baaCir. He was forced to go tomorrow.
    ~I gti$ab

    to rape, ravish.
    I 6. ,a-C.\.....:,')~?- o~ sijnoo

    casar

    VIII

    siniin linna gfi$abha. They

    461

    jailed him for ten years because he had


    raped her.
    ~ gtzyb (v.n. from ~gi~ab)

    force, compulsion. ~ ~ gtzyb


    canni in spite of me, against my will.
    ~~ b-1-gtzyb by force . ..::..~ L. l~l
    ~~ ~ ,...,_J:J~ 'ioa ma yat
    b-{-tiib, b-tiyi b-1-ga~b. If she doesn't
    come willingly, she will have to come
    by force.

    ~~t g~~
    ._..a..plJ gaa~a~ III (less common var.
    qaa~a~) to puni~h. ~'Y ~w ~~
    V".J...UI ~ ..::.. ?lj 1-mucallim gaa~a~ni

    linni ta'axxart can d-dars. The teacher


    punished me because I was late for
    class.
    ~ gi~~a (less common var. gi~~a) p.

    story, tale. L.a.i '-?..!....:,$.


    4-! ~~ cindi gi~~a b-acallimk biiha.
    I have a story to tell you. L.a.i _,_.:;,
    ~~...L:.:ll su gi~~at t-tindeel? What's
    with the supervisor?
    ~

    ..f'L.ai
    ga~aa~)

    .b

    gi~a~

    ga~aa~ (less
    punishment.

    common var.

    g{!

    ..k.S ga{! (ygi!!) I. to dip, immerse . .k.i:.


    I)

    o~

    gat{ yadda ji 1-maay. He


    dipped his hand in the water. 2. to set
    (the sun, the moon). ~~ ..:.-...,6S:.
    gattat s-sams. The sun set. ~ ..:...,6.i:.
    ga{{at ceena. He fell asleep. l.l""'i ti.:J
    r0' ~ ..:...,6.i:. L. lee/at 'ams ma ga{!at
    ceeni n-noom. Last night I couldn't
    r.,?Lll

    sleep.

    t t gtc
    t-Y gi{ac (F yga(iC) (less common

    var. ga{ac) 1. to cut, cut off, break off.


    ~ .J_,.JI ~ 'Y Ia tig{ac /-ward. Don't
    pick the roses. ~ ~~ ~ ...~>-L.
    ma}JI:zad ygaW s-siyar hni. Nobody
    cuts down trees here. o~ 0 ~ J:!WI
    1-baayig yga{cuun yadda. They cut off
    the hand of the thief. 2. to buy, get (a
    ticket). l....:.:----)1 J->- o?..t ~ gi{ac
    taokara ~agg s-siinama. He bought a
    ticket for the cinema. .:;-.;..?..t J ~~
    'ig{ac_fi taokarateen. Get me two
    tickets. 3. to break off, sever. 1_,.,..6j L.
    y ~~ ~J.JJi JJ~ ~~J ..:..u':>WI ma
    ga{caw
    1-calaagaat wiY.Ya duwal
    'oroobba s-sargiY.)Ia. They didn't sever
    relations with the Eastern European
    countries. 4. to cut off, stop, interrupt.
    L....:.s- r.,?LiiJ ~~~ l_,......k;
    gi{Caw
    1-kahraba w-1-maay canna. They cut
    off the electricity and the water to us.
    uj.J l_,......k;J o~ -~ maskiin.
    fannasoo w-gi{Caw rizga. Poor man.
    They laid him off and cut off his
    livelihood. )\...Lj L... l~l ~L...... 0 ~
    yga{cuun macaasak 'ioa ma ddaawim .
    They will cut off your salary if you
    don't report for duty. 5. to block, stop .
    .JJ.r11 ~ J:-~1 -~~ .JL....,.:. ~aar
    dacma. s-sir{i gi{ac 1-muruur. There
    was an accident. The policeman
    6. to cover,
    blocked the traffic.
    traverse. J,!U~ ~ I) a.;WI ~ gi{ac
    1-masaafa fi xams digaayig. He
    covered the distance in five minutes.

    ~ ga{{ac

    II

    1. to carve (meat).
    ~I ~ yL.,.aAll 1-ga~~aab ga{{ac
    1-la/:lam. The butcher carved the meat.
    2. to cut into pieces, cut up. a:iJ}l ~
    ga{{ac li-wruga. He cut the paper into
    pieces. 3. to wear out, tear up.

    &

    462
    ...l...,!J.>.. ..G-IJ (..)_r-.:;.1) -.....A:.- ~}:-1

    gat{ac
    1-juuti l;zagga w-stira waal;zid yidiid.
    He had worn out his shoes and bought
    new ones.

    ~ tgatta

    V (less common var.


    tgattac) pass. of II ~ gattac.
    ~I

    ngitac VII (less common var.


    1. to break, tear, snap. ~I
    j:-.-AJI ~ ngitac l;zabl 1-ga~iil. The
    clothesline broke. 2. to stop. ~\.1.1 ~I
    ngitac 1-maay. The water stopped
    flowing. 3. to be cut off. .;WI~~
    ngitac 1-macaaS. The salary was cut
    off. ~ j.J ~~J J ~ fannasooni
    w-ngitac rizgi. They laid me off and
    my livelihood was cut off.
    ngitac)

    ~ gaW (v.n. from~ gitac)

    1. cut-

    ting off, cutting, breaking off. 2. buying, getting (a ticket). ~ )"'ll:JI ~


    ~~ gaW t-taoaakir cugb 9-f)uhur.
    Buying tickets is in the afternoon. 3.
    selling (of tickets). _?"'l..li ~ ~
    sugli gaW taoaakir. I sell tickets. 4.
    breaking off, severing. . ::.Aj')WI ~
    gate t-ca{aagaat breaking off relations.

    L.bi gWa p.

    ~ gitac (less common

    var. gitac) piece, portion. _r.->- ~


    gi{Cat xu biz piece of bread.
    ~ mga((ac (p.p. from II~ gartac)

    (less common var. mga((ac) 1. broken,


    broken in many places. ~ ~~
    sariit mga((ac broken, much broken
    (cassette) tape. 2. tom up, worn out.
    ~ ~ J..J...J> hduum mga(!aca tom up
    clothes.

    F J y. juuti mgarrac worn

    out shoes, tom up shoes.

    ,J

    g(w
    ~ gatta

    J:S-

    II

    to cover. .J...LA.ll
    ~1 ~ ~ J.-:-.- "Y gat{i 1-jidir lajil
    yistiwi 1-/al;zam. Cover the pot so that
    the meat will get cooked.
    ~

    tgat{a

    1. to be or become

    covered. y ~~ .:.r-' J.- )~ ~


    tgat{eena b-r-ramil min 1-habuub. We
    were covered with sand from the dust
    of the storm. 2. to cover oneself,
    cover up. ~ ~ !v"' j pll !J~ haak
    1-barnuu~! tgattafii. Take the blanket!
    Cover up with it.

    i l i gata p. J~ gityaan cover, lid.


    (prov.) oL..k.i:- ~ J .J...l.-...i jidir w-ligi
    gataa. A man is known by the company he keeps. Birds of a feather flock
    together. (lit., "A pot and it found its
    lid.").
    ~ mgatta (p.p. from II ~ gatta)
    1. covered. ~ .J..J..A.ll 1-jidir mga{ta.

    The pot is covered. 2. veiled, obscure.


    ~._.,.....6-- 4-P- J 0 _)-1 1-l;zurma weehha
    mgatta. The woman's face is veiled.

    ~~t gf)b
    ~

    gif)ib (~ ygaf)ib) to be or
    become furious, angry, irritated. oy.i
    ~ ~ 'ubuu gif)ib cafee. His father
    became furious with him. ~ ~
    ~ L.. ygaf)ib caza ma miiS. He gets
    mad for nothing. He gets mad at anything.
    ~ ga(Jab

    (v.n. from~ gi{Jab)

    1. anger, indignation.

    ~~ ~L...

    saact 1-ga(Jab time of anger. 2. wrath,


    rage,

    fury.!~

    .11

    ~ ga{Jab a/fa

    463
    cafeek! May the wrath of God be on
    you!
    IJ~ gapbaan mad, furious, indig-

    nant. o..U J ~ u~ gapbaan cafa


    wilda mad at his son. ~ u~
    gapbaan cafayya mad at me.

    .)Jt.

    e..

    g[w

    ~ gifa ( ~ ygaji) to doze off, fall


    asleep. ~J ~~ Js- v--k .u~ u\5'"
    Caan faCbaan. yi/aS cafa /-kanaba
    w-gifa. He was tired. He sat on the
    sofa and dozed off.

    o_,.AS. ga.fwa (n. of inst.) p. -aat nap, cat

    g{r

    ,;-AS;

    gifar ( fo- ygafir) to pardon, forgive. y ,_;.lll A ~I .J-'1> .ih1 'a!!aah


    huwa IIi ygajir o-ounuub. It's God
    who pardons sins.
    ~I stag[ar

    X to ask (God's) forgiveness . .ih1 ~i 'astagjiru !!aah. I


    ask God's forgiveness.

    J~ gafuur forgiving (esp., of God)=

    JW. gaffaar.
    J~ gqffaar = J_,AS:. gafuur.

    iJI_rAS; gufraan (v.n. from ~ gifar)


    pardon, forgiveness.
    J~ mag[uur (p.p. from

    ft gifar):

    ..J J_,....A;J.I/-mag[urr lahu the deceased,


    the late ...

    J ...it,

    ,J t.J

    gjl

    ~ gajla inattention, heedlessness. ~


    L.W. fi gajla suddenly, surprisingly.

    t) LS" Cinna fi gajla. We were


    inattentive. 4..W. ~ cata gajla all of a
    ~

    sudden, unawares.
    IJ~ gajlaan unaware, inattentive,

    heedless. ~I ~~ ~ u~ ..::...-S
    Cint gajlaan can
    1-gapiyya. I

    oiic

    wasn't aware of that problem.


    ~ mgaffal l. easily duped, gullible.
    2. sucker, simpleton.

    nap, doze. 0_,AS:. ~


    ga.fwa. I fell asleep.

    ":' J e..

    ..;_,,b:.

    XQOaf Ceeni

    glb

    gilab (~ygalib) 1. to beat, be


    victorious over s.o. o.? ol).~-- I) l..i _,#
    ~..LA.II galaboona fi mubaaraat kurat
    1-gadam. They beat us at the soccer
    match. ~6.....-s'')UI I) ~ J...\...Z tigdar
    tgalba fi 1-mu/aakama? Can you beat
    him at boxing? 2. to get the best of,
    get the better of s.o. f'-J. ~ yWI
    ~I 1-ga~~aab ga/abni b-stcr 1-/al)am.
    The butcher got the best of me on the
    price of the meat.
    ~ tgallab

    V (with ~ cafa) to
    overcome, surmount. ~ . .ih ...LJ-1
    ..;..~_,.......JI J.S ~ 1-l)amdu li-1/aah.
    tgallabt cafa kill ~-~ucuubaat. Praise
    be to God. I have overcome all the
    difficulties.

    ~i 'aglab (with foil. n. or pron.)


    most of, the majority of. u~ \11 ~i
    'aglab l- 'al)yaan most of the time.
    ~i 'aglabhum most ofthem. ~i
    ~I 'aglab 9-(Jann most probably,
    most likely.

    ~i 'aglabiyya

    l. (with the article


    prefix Jl !-) the majority. IJ\.>.. ~\11
    1-'aglabiyya yaw. The majority carne.
    Most of them carne. 2. (with foil. n. or

    464
    pron.) most of, the majority of. ~i
    vUI 'aglabiyyat n-naas most of the
    people. ~i 'aglabiyyattum most of
    them.

    ~ gal/at II to cause s.o. to make a


    mistake .....,.A.......J . . 4 ~!~I 'iskit!

    gallattani

    b-li-l)saab. Shut up! You


    made me make a mistake in comput-

    y~ gaalib (act. part. from~ gilab)

    ing.

    1. having
    beaten, having been
    y. huwa
    victorious over s.o. ~ISlli gaalibni. He's the one who has
    beaten me. 2. winner, victor.

    ~ galat

    Jll

    y _,....l.u mag/uub (p.p. from~ gilab)


    having been beaten. y _,..w1 ~}
    fariiggum 1-magluub. Their team is the
    one that has been beaten. y }ill ~_;All
    1-fariig 1-magluub the losing team.

    ~Jt glj
    ~ gal} difficult, hard, complicated.
    ~ ~1\...1.

    hal-gapiyya galja. This


    problem is difficult. ~ ...::... JL.,..:. o\.,).1
    1-l)ayaa ~aarat galja. Life has become
    complicated. J-1.':- 0L>:.. mukaan gal}
    difficult place to get to.

    IJJt_

    I. (adj. invar.) wrong, in-

    correct. .h..l$:. o.;-i numra galat wrong


    number . ..6.......1$. yl_,.....,.. jawaab gala(
    wrong answer. 2. (n.) wrongdoing,
    s.th. wrong . ..k.lS:. c.S.r- sawwa gala{. He
    did something wrong. He made a
    mistake. .h..l$:. ~ ~ jii sayy gala{.
    There's a hitch somewhere.
    ~ galta p.

    .1')\..j:.i 'aglaa(, -aat


    mistake, error. o~ ~ galta Cibiira
    big mistake. ~ galtati. (It's) my
    mistake.

    iJ\....kU:. galtaan mistaken, wrong, in


    error. C\..o._.jl d...;... ~ iJ 0 L.,6.1S:. L.; I
    'aana
    galtaan w-'atfub minnak
    s-samaa/:1. I am mistaken, and I ask for
    your forgiveness.

    glfa

    ~ galfa (common var. lA..[j galfa) I.

    fresh water spring in Ajman. 2. Galfa


    (water) bottling company.

    Jt glt

    ~Jt gig
    ~ ga/lag
    !~

    .:.r--

    II

    I. to close, shut. Jll-

    YWI gallig l-baab min

    faplak! Close the door, please! .!.WI


    ~ !-bank gallag. The bank is closed .

    ..b.J$:. gilat (~ ygalit) (common var.

    2. to be or become full (of s.th.)

    gilit) I. to make a mistake, commit an


    error, be mistaken. y\...J.I L) ..::..,6li:. \.i i
    'aana glitt ji li-bsaab. I made a

    ..!,l..

    Js-

    mistake in computing. 2. (with


    cafa) to be disrespectful, impudent to

    14 ,-

    4lC:. ~')l.!ll

    gallagat b-s-simac.

    8-8allaaja

    The refrigerator

    was full of fish.

    JJt

    gll

    disrespectful to him; he's older than

    ~I stagall X 1. to take advantage


    of, exploit. ._p_j)1 ~I stagal/
    1-mawgif. He took advantage of the

    you. o...Hi ~ .bJJ;. gilit ca[a 'ubuu. He

    situation . ..b-IJ

    was impudent to his father.

    ma/;l/;lad ysaarka. yistagill kill waa/;lid.

    s.o.

    ca[ee;

    d...;...

    pSi ~~ ~ 'i Ia tgalit

    'akbar

    minnak

    Don't

    be

    jS' ~

    -~J~ ~l.o

    465

    No one enters into partnership with


    him. He takes advantage of everyone.
    2. to utilize, make a profit, invest
    profitably. ;; J..r.JI .J~~ ~ 4... _p-1
    1-~ukuuma tistagill ma~aadir 0-0arwa.
    The government is utilizing the
    resources of wealth.

    Gold is expensive today. 2. dear,


    beloved. ;;._)WI ~ binti 1-gaa/ya my
    dear daughter. - <,?.J....;S. ;;.._)~ ~ binti
    gaalya c;ndi. My daughter is dear to
    me.

    C:?Jt

    ~ gila (~ ygali) 1. to boil. <,?i.ll

    J~i stiglaal (v.n.) I. exploitation,

    1-maay gila. The water has boiled.


    2. to cause to boil, make s.th. boil.
    "-!~ ~ H <,?Lll ~I 'igli 1-maay
    gabil-la tiraba. Boil the water before
    you drink it.

    taking advantage of s. th. 2. utilization,


    investing profitably.
    ~~~ stiglaali I. exploitative. 2. (p.
    -yyiin) exploiter.

    JJt

    [~t gmj

    glw

    ~ gila ( ~ ygali) to be or become


    expensive, high priced. ~I ~l.S0
    ~ takaaliif 1-maciia gilat. The cost
    of living has become expensive.
    ..:.-...1&- .;~........... \'I l-'ascaar gilat. Prices
    have risen.
    ~ galla II to raise the price of.

    I_#
    'ascaar

    ..:.>1}.:----.JI .JL-__....i
    gallaw
    s-sayyaarat. They have raised the
    prices of cars.
    ~ gala high prices of things, high
    cost. ":}.._j. l) L:,;...Lll d-dinyaji gala. We
    are in a period ofhigh cost of living.
    .;~.. . . . . \'I l) ":}....j. ~ fii gala fi 1-'ascaar.
    Prices have risen.

    ~i 'agla (elat.) 1. (with ,:r- min)


    more expensive than. L.r-" Ji-i ~j.JI
    a.....,a..JI o-oahab 'agla min l-ji9(Ja. Gold
    is more expensive than silver. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most expensive. ~j.JI
    ~0~W1 ~i o-oahab 'agla l-macaadin?
    Is gold the most expensive metal?

    JLS.

    gaali

    gly

    I. expensive, high-priced.
    ( .r-)1 J~ ~j.J\ o-oahab gaali 1-yoom.

    .;oU

    gaamij (dark) color. ~LJ:. J_,J


    loon gaamij dark color.

    ,;

    ~e.. gmr
    ~

    gumar (.r~ygamir) to faint, lose


    consciousness. l) ._?.J \11 ~ C 1.1J _,...s.
    J _r-11 gumar w-taa~ cafa l-'ar9 ji
    s-suug. He fainted and fell down in the
    marketplace.
    ~~~

    gamraan having fainted, lost


    conscwusness.

    ':?j f' t

    gmzy

    ~ jW gammaazi p. _r-~ gimaamiiz

    1. weather vane. 2. wind sock.

    ~~e.. gmm
    ~~ gmaam (coil.) clouds. s. -a.

    tiut

    gnc

    ~ ganca p. -aat ship with two sails,

    oval in shape, and about one hundred


    feet long.

    Jut gnd
    ..U gand (common var. qand) p. ~ _p

    466

    gnuud solid sugar in the shape of a


    cone.

    u.Jut gndn
    IJJ..W ganduun p. ~f-.)W ganaadiin
    sugar bowl, sugar bin.

    J~ut gn$1

    J---a.:i

    gun$u1 (less common var.


    gun$ul) p. J..-L;j ganaa$i1 consul.
    ;; .HJ J~ ~I 1-gun$U1 ca{aani
    wiiza. The consul gave me a visa.
    ~ gun$uliyya (less common var.

    gun$uliyya)
    consulate.
    _1 ,a4\i
    ~~ ../:il 1-gunsuliyya 1-'amriikaaniyya the American Consulate.

    .) .but gn{r
    ~ gan{ar (~ ygan{ir) to contract,

    bid. r-A;.) 0 _r:l.. ~ o;L....JI ~ p


    gan{ar yibni li-cmaara ca1a ma1yoon
    dirhim. He contracted to construct the
    building for a million dirhams.

    _p.. mgantir contractor.

    ~ ganiima p. ~\..:$. ganaayim spoils,


    plunder, loot.

    uut

    gnn

    1J jU gaanuun (less common var.


    gaanuun) p. ~1; gawaaniin. ~
    0 _,;Ull kul/iyyat 1-gaanuun the college
    of law.

    (jut

    gny

    gina

    (~

    ygani) to enrich, make


    rich. oU :ii1J ~ y twaffag w-'a!!a
    ganaa. He was successful and God
    enriched him.

    .._sJ;- ganna II (common var. qanna) to


    sing. Y~ ~ minu yganni? Who's
    singing?
    gtina

    VIII

    I~IJ ~ ~ ~

    ~~

    gtinam
    VIII to seize (the
    opportunity), take advantage of. ~~
    L.o _;jl gtinam 1-.[ur$a. He seized the
    opportunity. ~~ .)y.- J a_.,} ~~
    gtinam fur$at wujuud s-seex. He
    seized the opportunity ofthe Shaikh's
    presence.
    ~ ganam (coli.) sheep, goats. s. a....J:.
    gnama. ~ ~ lal;am ganam lamb,
    mutton.
    r~ gannaam Ghannam (prominent
    Kuwaiti family).

    gaanim

    ~~

    ,.ut, gnm

    {I.J.

    saalim w-gaanim safe and sound.


    {\S. J L... j...o J Wi$al saalim w-gaanim.
    He arrived safe and sound. 4...i\S. ~
    li}Jyatin gaanma very nice man, man
    with an irresistible appeal.

    successful.

    (LS. J

    tL..

    to become rich.

    J4 ~~} frasaw

    nhaali fi byuuttum w-gtinaw. They


    carpeted their homes and became rich.
    ~~

    stagna
    X (common var.
    staqna) I. to become rich = VIII
    ? ' gtina. ~\J ..L.:>.-IJ V'_,lj .).r>jawwad jluus waayid w-stagna. He
    made a lot of money and became rich.
    2. (with .:f can) to do without. ;..l.ii L.
    o}-:~-JI ~ ~i ma 'agdar 'astagni
    can s-sayyaara. I cannot do without
    the car. 3. have no need for, be in no
    need of. d,j\.......L>- .:f \~\ stagnaw can
    xadamaata. They had no need for his
    services. They laid him off.

    467
    ~gina (common va qina) 1. singing. 2. wealth, richness.
    ~ gani (common var. qani) p. ~~

    'agniya,
    wealthy.

    -yyiin

    rich,

    prosperous,

    ~~ 'ugniya (common var. 'uqniya) p.


    J~i 'agaani, 'aqaani song.
    ~

    mganni (common var. mqanni) p.


    -yyiin, ~ mqaniyiin singer. f. ~
    -ya, maqanniya singer.

    .JJt

    gaar (~ ygiir) (with J>- ca[a) to


    invade, attack, raid. ~ ..;.._;U. ~~
    G f-~ 1-gabiila gaarat ca[a diiratna.
    The tribe invaded our (Bedouin)
    homeland.
    L.....;# I).JL._S, .r---'IJ..UI
    d-duwaasir gaaraw caleena. The
    Dosari tribe attacked us.
    .)l.$

    gaar (common var. qaar) p. 01_r-S-.


    giiraan, qiiraan I. cave, cavern.
    .)l.$

    o.)U. gaara (common var. qaara) p.


    -aat raid, attack.
    jawwiyya air raid.

    ~y.

    o_;lJ:. gaara

    gwry

    4i.)_,&. guuri (common var. I.}_;} quuri)


    p. I.})}; gawaari tea kettle.

    (jJJt

    gwzy

    4i j_,&. guuzy (common var. I.} j} quuzi)


    1. (p. !..})}; guwaazi, l..}jl} quwaazi)
    little lamb,

    gaa$ (~~ yguu$) 1. to dive,


    plunge, submerge. (,?lll cJ ~~ gaa$ fi
    1-maay. He dived into the water. 2. to
    become stuck (in the sand, mud).
    J----)I cJ ..;........oU:- o_;l,:...--ll s-sayyaara
    gaa$al fi r-ramil. The car became
    stuck in the sand. 3. to dive for pearls.

    ~I ~)

    Jl ~~ .J~ ~1/-gee$

    yigdar yguu$ 'ila 'ar9 1-ba/:lar. A pearl


    diver can dive to the bottom of the sea.
    gawwaa$ (more common var .
    ~ gee$) p. ~1_,1; guwaawii$,
    ~~ gaa$a pearl diver, diver.
    ~gee$ = ~1_,1; gawwaa$.
    ~~~ gawwaa$a p. -aat submarine.

    'i ~Jt

    gwty

    ~ ~ guu{i (more common var. ~;


    guuti). See under 'i .JJ gwty.

    CJJt

    gwy

    '-?JU gaawi

    p.
    handsome. ~)~ L
    beautiful woman.

    -yiin beautiful,

    .r- l:zurma gaawya

    ":~'it gyb

    gwrl

    "iu..J_,&. goree/fa p . ..;...~_;}; -aat gorilla.

    (j.JJt

    ~l.$

    ~I,..S.

    gwr

    J.JJt

    ~Jt gw$

    spring lamb.

    2. (coll.)

    stuffed lamb (known as ~ mfattab


    among the Bedouins).

    yl.$ gaab (~ygiib) (common var.


    qaab) (with ,:,;->-can) 1. to be absent,
    be or stay away from, to disappear.
    ....A.-,aJI ,y- y~ gaab can $-$aff He was
    absent from class. y\.$:. . ol..l..a>- L. rna
    /:la$$alnaa. gaab. We didn't find him.
    He disappeared. 2. to set, go down.
    ~I ~U:. gaabat s-sams. The sun
    went down. JWI ~ yU:. gaab can
    /-baa/ to slip one's mind.
    ~ geeb: ~1/-geeb the unknown,
    the supernatural. 21 ~l ~~ ~ L.

    468

    ma yic[am b-1-geeb 'ilia 'a{{a. Only


    God is clairvoyant.

    geeba p. -aat absence. J ~ "Y


    ~~ Ia t{awwil 1-geeba. Don't stay

    away for a long time.


    ~~

    giyaab (v.n. from ....,_;U:. gaab)

    absence, ~eing away . ....,_;l...::A)IJ .J~I

    1-l:zu(Juur w-1-giyaab attendance (and


    absences).
    ~~ giyaabi (adj.) in absentia.~
    15-W l:zukum giyaabi sentencing in

    ~bsentia. ~L.:-':- L.S"~ mu/:zaakama


    giyaabiyya trial in absentia.

    geer (common var. qeer) 1. other


    than, except, else. I~ ~ ~ catni
    geer haaoa. Give me something other
    than this. t.? .r)- geeri other than me. \..
    I~ ~ L..i....L:s- ma cindana geer haaoa.
    We don't have anything except this.~ _r.:--S:. V" _,..h .~

    p . . ,_;y

    t_?:U.

    haaoi

    muub jluusak. fluus geerak. This isn't

    gaab)
    I. absent. .....A.-.a.JI ~ ~U:.
    gaayib can $-$aft absent from class. 2.

    your money. It's someone else's


    money. 2. another, other, different.
    ..L....>-IJ ~ geer waal:zid another one,
    someone else. i Y- .r)- JW tacaal geer
    yoom. Come another day. 3. (an interrogative used in replying to a question
    or statement, approx.:) wasn't it, what
    else but, could it be anything but. ~
    Y.?~ J \...U
    J U J-11 yo geer huwa lli
    gal-li tacaal baaCir? Wasn't it he who
    told me to come the following day?

    person who is absent. (prov.) ~WI


    o~IJ o.J..l.J:. 1-gaayib ciara wiyyaa. The
    absent party is not so faulty.

    changed. I have to go to work at eight.


    2. to be replaced. ..L>-Iy. ~~~ IJ~
    ~i gayyaraw t-tindeel b-waa/:zid
    'al:zsan. They replaced the foreman
    with a better one.

    gaayib (act. part. from ....,_;U:.

    ~l.J.

    ..J(j

    tgayyar. /aazim 'adiss s-sugul s-saaca


    8amaan. The work schedule has

    gyr

    )U. gaar (.JLA:! ygaar) (common var.


    qaar)
    I. to bejealous.oyi.y.JIA:!
    ~I ygaar min 'uxuu c-Cibiir. He's
    jealous of his older brother. 2. to be
    zealous, vie (for). ~ J ~ .JIA:! ygaar
    cafa watana. He's a zealous patriot.

    ..:::S

    YJ'~ ~ Lo ~ ~ geer huwa rna

    baga ycarris? What else but that he

    gayyar II (common var. qayyar)


    I. to change, alter, make different. r}
    ~ )...\..1> .r)-) ~I guum isbal:z w-gayyir
    hduumak. Go take a bath and change
    your clothes. !;WI .r)- gayyir t-taayir!

    didn't want to get married. 4. not,


    non-, in-, etc. f.?.JJ~ .r)- geer paruuri
    not necessary, unnecessary. J ~ ~
    geer macguul unreasonable, not
    reasonable. JL..... _r.:---.S- geer maali

    2. to exchange. L..

    nonfinancial. J.-U ~ geer kaamil


    incomplete.

    Change the tire!

    o~i ~i .~}-:-ILP. ~ maycajibni


    hal-juuti. 'abga 'agayyra. I don't like
    these shoes. I'd like to exchange them.
    ~ tgayyar

    0L1 ~L..JI ~I

    1. to be changed.

    r')

    J'.)i rj'i .pu z-zaam

    o~

    giira (v.n. from .JU:. gaar)

    1.

    jealousy. 2. zeal, vigilant care.

    JZ. '/\,..
    i. gy_
    .0
    J;U, gaa{J (~ygii{J) to anger, make

    469
    s.o. angry. "-..iu ~ ~U:. gaa(Jni bta$arrufaata. He made me angry with
    his behavior.

    ~ mgayyim (act. part.) cloudy,


    gloomy. ~ ~..UI d-dinya mgayyma.
    It's cloudy .

    ..l;L$1 gtaa(J

    VIII to be or become
    angry, to get mad. ~~) J5'" ,y .1;~
    yigtaa(J min kill waaf:zid. He gets angry
    at everybody.

    f"<j

    t gym
    ~

    gayyam II to be or become
    cloudy. ~ ~..UI d-dinya gayyamat.
    It got cloudy. The sky got cloudy.

    geem (coil.) clouds. s. -a.

    u<j t_ gyn

    iJ:? geen name of the letter t_ g.


    <:F<:Ft

    ~l$:.

    gaaya p. -aat object, objective,


    intent, purpose. ~WJ lal-gaaya
    extremely, very. ~WJ ('""+'" muhimm
    lal-gaaya extremely important.

    'J IJ faa/
    J u faa/

    IJ faa
    name of the letter'-' f

    l,j faa

    ..; ,J u I J

    faatwr

    oJYU

    faatuura p.
    invoice, bill.

    ~1_,.;

    fuwaatiir

    ..; I J faar
    JU faar p. Jl_p-t jiyaariin mouse.
    (prov.) ).; 4 ..,_.JI }:UJI y\.S:. ~ Ia gaab
    While the eat's
    1-gatu 'ifcab ya far.
    away, the mice will play.

    UM..; I J faars

    '-""JU faaris, as in ._.,. . _;u :J'"j.._,_ blaad


    faaris. Persia, Iran.
    1. Persian, the Persian
    language. 2. Persian, characteristic of
    Persia. 3. (p . ._.,....}furs) a Persian.

    ..,.,u

    faas p. J' ~ fuus ax, hatchet.


    J'L...i.ll, ~ yistagil b-1-faas. He
    works with an ax.

    rUM I J faas
    Fez (city in Morocco).

    tJI,j faa/a light meal, snack (usually


    eaten late at night).

    J (j uI J
    Ll:JI,j

    faanyl
    faaniila p. -aat tee-shirt, under-

    J.J I J famvl
    JJu faawil

    foul, penalty (in games).


    faawil cafeehum penalty
    against them. j_,u ~? {Jarbatfaawil
    penalty kick (in soccer).

    J)u

    ,:.J,:.Jff

    wl!

    fa'fa' ((}4 yfa'ji') to stammer.


    ~")l5:J1 J (}4 yfa'ji' ji 1-kalaam. He
    stammers.

    ..; (j..; ~ J fbryr

    faasst

    ~l,j faasisti

    1. fascist, fascistic. 2.

    a fascist.

    'I J ,J VO I J faa~wly
    ~ -"""l,j faa~uulya

    .t-1~ fabraayir February . .1~ y. _r-l_r..i

    fabraayir huwa sbaat.

    ~\All 1-faasistiyya fascism.

    ~yu

    faa!

    ' UM I u . faas

    u UM t}M I J

    "J IJ

    shirt.

    ~ Jl,j faarsi

    '-""l,j faas

    fortune, sign, omen. J \...ill ~


    jital:z /-faa/. He predicted the future .
    JL...i.ll .1L,k; gattaat /-faa/, JLA.!I C b
    fattaal:z /-faa! the fortune-teller. (prov.)
    I..:.Llu ~J 1il1 Jufaal a!!a walafaalak!
    (approx.) Contrary to what you have
    just said, I hope things will tum out to
    be good.

    ~baat.

    .:..:.J
    (coli.) beans. s. ~

    l:zabbat faa~uulya.

    February is

    fit

    ~ fattat II to break into small


    pieces. _;..,...JJI ~ J ci . j-)-1 ..hA; ~ /a
    tgi!! 1-xubiz. fattita w-ca!ii li-tyuur.

    471

    Don't throw away the bread. Crumble


    it and give it to the birds.

    tfattat V pass. of II ..:...a fattat.


    ..:.....:.U ~~ ~-~axar tfattat. The rock
    ~

    broke up into fragments.


    ~

    fatiit (coli.) s. -a dish consisting

    of small pieces of bread, meat, and


    meat broth. (common var. ~

    ~ fitab (~yfatib) 1. to open.~

    fitab d-diriiSa. He opened the

    window. 2. to start, open. yl->- ~


    ~I .) !I j--!.-- fital;na l}saab miStarak
    fi /-bank. We opened a joint account in
    the bank. ..LoG- ".r- .) 0l5' ~ ~ fita}J.
    dikkaan fi markaz l}aamid. He opened
    a store in Hamid Center. 0l5' t_;L!JI
    ~ ~J..WI ~~ )..L....o s-saaric caan
    masduud. 1-baladiyyaftibata The road

    was closed. The municipality opened


    it. 3. to tum on. (,>111 ~ jita~1 1-maay.
    He turned on the water . .J:!~I )I ~ fita}J.
    r-raadyo. He turned on the radio. l.l.A
    JL..JI ~ haaoa yifia~t 1-faal. This
    person tells people's fortune. '-~I
    ~~ ~ 1-filjil yifia}J. s-sahiyya. Hot
    pepper stimulates the appetite. 4. to
    conquer, capture (a city). ~ ~~
    ~J.ll /-jed fitab 1-madiina. The army
    conquered the city.
    ~

    fatta}J.

    II

    1. to open. ~

    .!.WI

    ~ 4;;-l-JI ~J ~ 4J;.L-JI

    /-bank
    w-ybannid

    yfatti}J. s-saaca casir


    s-saaca Ointeen. The bank opens at ten
    and closes at two.
    !~

    2. to bloom, open (flowers).


    ~ ~ ;_,JI /-ward yfatti}J. fi

    ~u

    faatal:z III to approach, speak to .


    ~IJ L. <.f"""! 't.~ _,i~ dl.i faatal:zta
    b-1-maw{Juuc, bass rna waafag. I
    brought the subject up with him, but
    he didn't agree.

    nfital:z VII pass.

    of~ fita/:z.

    ~~

    Jtb

    ~;...UI

    .)

    r-rabUC. Flowers bloom in the spring.

    ~~

    baOiiO).
    c~~

    lookout!
    ~)I

    r.- fattil:z

    ~ '~ ~

    ceenak, fatti/:z cyuunak!

    Open your eyes! Be careful! Be on the

    ftita}J. VIII to open, inaugurate.


    J LA=>-\' I ~I "-#) J _,.,a;-~ ~ J ._r-J)I
    r-ra'iis rabbab b-1-bu{Juur w-cugba
    ftita}J.
    li-l:ztifaal.
    The
    president
    welcomed the attendance and then he
    opened the ceremony.
    ~ fati~z (v.n. from~ fitab) 1. opening. 2. starting, opening (a bank account). 3. turning on (water, radio,
    etc.). 4. conquering, capturing (a city).
    ~ ~ muna{J{Jamat fatib the
    Palestine
    Liberation Organization
    (PLO).

    C. L::S fattaa}J., as in JLA.ll r_ 'ci fattaal:z


    /-faa/ the fortuneteller.
    ~W fattaal:za p. -aat 1. can opener,

    bottle opener. 2. corkscrew.

    C. L;;A.o mifiaab p. ~LA.. mafaatiil:z 1.


    key. yWI r_\....::A.. mifiaal:z 1-baab the
    door key. 2. switch (el.) 4~1 r_I.:A..
    mifiaal:z 1-kahraba the electric switch.
    C.~~ ftitaal:z (v.n. from VIII ~I
    ftital:z) opening, inauguration. C l.:;;:;l
    JU> \'1 ftitaal:z li-l:ztifaa/ the opening

    of the ceremony.
    ~~ faati/:z (act. part. from ~ fital:z) 1.
    having openend s.th. ~~;...UI ~l.i .y
    man faatil:z d-diriisa? Who has opened

    472

    the window? 2. conqueror, victor. 3.


    (adj.) light (color). ~Li ~ xapar
    faatil:z light green. ~lt 0) loon faati/:z
    light color.

    ,_;..::.AJ tafiiis (v.n.) search, inspection.


    J~~ fil

    j..::j fit a/ (~ yafiil) 1. to braid, plait.


    LA~ ..:....J;:j ~I

    1-bint fialat sacarha.

    ~l! faatl:za p. ~lj fawaati/:z begin-

    The girl braided her hair. .1 ~~

    ning, start. ~ Ult faatl:zat xeer


    beginning of a good time, good start.
    4iWI 1-faatil:za name of the first sura of

    ~ ~ lS r

    the Quran.

    c__,...:A.o mafiuul:z (p. p. from ~ fital:z) 1.


    open, opened. c~ ~_,All 1-guuti
    mafiuu/:z. The can is open ......,.A~I !~~
    c.fo diss! 1-baab mafiuul:z. Enter! The
    door is open.
    2. open, open for
    business. ~fo Jl,.............~l 1-'aswaag
    maftuul:za. The stores are open. 3. on.

    Yc._,....::A.- (,>Lll ~lee 1-maay maftuul:z?


    t~~ ftx
    4;od fatxa p. -aat I. ring, usually worn

    on a toe. 2. wedding ring.


    .;~~fir

    jJ fitir p. J'cilfiaar the span between


    the extended thumb and the index
    finger (used as a unit of measurement).
    -aat period, interval of
    time. ojJ J ojJ 0:-! been fatra w-fatra
    p.

    from time to time.

    ~~J fis

    Js-

    cafa) to look for s.o. or s.th. Js- ?


    C. l....=.JI fattis ca[a l-miftaa~. Look for
    the key.

    minhum !:zabil. He braided the threads


    and made a rope out of them. 2. to
    twist together. ~~ J-a fita/
    1-l:zableen. He twisted the two ropes
    together.
    ~

    fitiila p.

    Jb fitaayil wick (of a

    lamp or a candle).

    JL::i fattaal

    p. J.....lj~;; fataat/a, -iin one


    who spins pieces of string to make
    ropes, cordmaker, ropemaker.

    ~ fit an (~ yafiin) (with ,}>- cala) to


    tell on s.o. ~ ~fitan ca[ayya. He
    told on me.- r-..lll ...L..:s- ~ uG fitan
    cafayya c;nd 1-mudiir. He told on me
    to the director.

    L,-j

    ~ fitan

    fitna p.

    discord, dissen-

    sion.

    .:.>u

    fattaan

    I. (adj.) captivating,

    charming. .Jl:! I.Atr. jamaa/hafattaan.


    Her beauty is captivating. 2. (n. p.
    -iin) informer, slanderer, talebearer.
    ,J.;J J

    ~ fattas II l. to search. o_,.;..:; J oy>- j


    zaxxoo w-fattasoo. They arrested and
    searched him. ~~ lp fattasu !-beet.

    They searched the house. 2. (with

    Jfilalli-xyuut w-sawwa

    u~~ fin

    Why is the water on?

    ojJ fatra

    Ja

    ftw

    ~i 'afia

    IV

    to give a formal legal

    opinion. ~14-1 -?i ~I /-mufti 'afta


    b-has-sayy. The mufti gave a religious
    opinion on this thing.

    loS_,....:;! fatwa p. t? )L.:a fataawi formal


    ruling on a religious matter.

    tt~

    473

    rJ-A-o

    entered the room.


    4. to unscrew,
    loosen. ~ ~ rUI J}:....JI ..!.l.Ai l~l
    ..._;PJ \11 'ioa tficc s-sikruu, 1-jaam ytiil:z
    cafa 1-'ar{J. If you unscrew the screw,
    the glass will fall to the ground. 5.
    (with ,y min) to rid s.o. of s.th., put an
    end to s.th. ~~ u. .:r-- 1-.j.ficcna
    min hal-muski/a. Put an end to this
    problem.

    mufti official interpreter of


    Islamic law.
    ,J~~ jjr
    ~ fajjar

    II

    to explode s.th. I_J~


    They exploded

    4..W fajjaraw gumbula.


    a bomb.

    ~ tfajjar V 1. pass. of II
    fajjar.
    2. to burst forth, gush
    erupt. ~I ~ ~ JJ.}--! ~
    batroo/ yitfajjar min 1-biir. I
    petroleum bursting forth from
    well.

    _,.,...;
    out,

    cift
    saw
    the

    ~I

    nfzjar VII to explode, burst, go


    off. ...:...>~I ~I 1-gumbu/a nfijrat.
    The bomb exploded.
    ~ fajir daybreak, morning twilight.

    "

    {i{i U

    c,v

    JCC

    clJ face p. .!.1\5:.; ftaac jaw, jawbone.


    ~ J f i ~ facci ycawwirni. My jaw
    hurts.
    tjOC~ fo..~
    ~fil:za~ (~yafo..a~) to examine

    s.o. (med.) rL..ii j~ J~:t J y..UI ~

    ~I J'-'~

    J~\ l) fil:za~ni d-daxtar w-gaal

    ~~ ydiss ~ugul 1-fajir. He goes to

    laazim 'anaam fi s-sbeetaar. The


    doctor examined me and said that I
    had to be hospitalized.

    _,..,.,..A.ll 1-fajir at daybreak.


    work at daybreak.
    J~l

    nfijaar p. -aat explosion.

    J~~ jjl

    ~I nfil:za~

    VII

    pass. of ~

    .fil:za~.

    jJ.J fzjil

    (coli.) radishes. J _;A; L. .:)~J)I .U J_,...A; \~1 ni/:zin ma ncarf


    1-fzji/; ngul-/a r-rweed.
    We don't
    know fzji/; we call it rweed.

    'lili J .foe
    lo!J.J face

    (~ yficc)

    Shaikh.

    2. to take apart, disassemble.

    1. to settle (a
    quarrel, a dispute). ~l J'-'l_,....bl ~ L.
    ~~ mayjicc li-hwaas 'ilia s-seex. No
    one can settle the fight except the
    ~ ~ ~ ~lll $face 1-maakiina

    lajil yna(19ifha. He took the engine


    apart in order to clean it. 3. to open.
    o~~ ._}~ J ...,A.-:11 ..!.U face 1-baab
    w-dass 1-l:zijra. He opened the door and

    ~ fal:z~ examination, check up


    (medical or physical).

    ~C~ fo..m
    ~ fabam (coli.) charcoal. s. ~
    fo..ama piece of charcoal. (prov.) y y
    ~ o~y jS"" ~J ~ ~ jS"" muub
    kill bee{Ja sbama wala kill sooda
    fo.ama. You cannot judge a book by its
    cover.

    ttJ fxx
    ~ faxx p.

    t W fxaax bird trap. ~

    1..1-J~ ~\...., J ~I ni~ab 1-faxx w-~aad


    ca~fuureen. He set the trap and caught
    two birds.

    474

    t~t~ ftft

    ,:,t~ fto

    .W faxo p.

    ~Wiftaao, ~ ~ ftuuo.

    1.

    thigh. 2. leg (of meat) . ..W ~_r..!.l


    J J.r'- stireet faxo xaruuf I bought a
    leg of lamb. 3. (p. ~I....>.J fuxaayio)
    subdivision of a tribe. ~ ..w i f r
    ~ huwa min faxo bani tamiim. He
    belongs to the Tamim tribe.

    . .
    .;r;~ ftr

    _ri....O:J tfaaxar VI (withy b-) to boast


    about. o,)I..J.>..~ .f"'"~ yitfaaxar
    b-'aydaada. He boasts about his
    ancestors.
    _#lftixar VIII

    VI .f"'"W tfaaxar.

    _r;d faxir (v.n.) 1. glory, pride, honor.


    2. boasting. _rj 0 J~ b-duunfaxir, ~
    ~ b-layyafaxir without boasting. 3.
    s.o. or s.th. to be proud of. Ll> .....,_..s;-':1
    Li,)~ ~ o~I /aacib hal-kuurafaxir
    blaadna. This soccer player is the
    object of our country's pride.
    1.$,# faxri honorary. i..fi _rj ..r)J ra'iis
    faxri honorary chairman.
    J~l

    ftixaar (v.n. from VIII ~~


    ftixar) I. boasting, begging. ~ L.
    J~l y y i..?J.J. 1JL..A.! i..?J.J. 01 ma
    yfakkir 'inna haaoi 'ihmaal; haaoi
    muub ftixaar. He doesn't think this is
    negligence; it's not boasting.

    ,..;C~
    . . ftr

    JW fuxxaar (coiL) pottery.


    ~I ~ ~ JG:...;

    ~ly

    .Y

    .:..r-- fii muwaaciin

    min fuxxaar fi matbaf f-ceen. There are


    utensils of pottery in the Al-Ain
    Museum.

    ~ faxfaxa

    arrogance, haughtiness.
    1-faxfaxa xi#a
    seena. Arrogance is a bad quality.
    ..!.U ~ l...o ~I 1-faxfaxa ma tliig
    lak. Arrogance doesn't become you.
    ~ a.....l,a;.:. ~I

    ~t~ ftm
    ~

    faxim magnificent, impressive,


    stately. ~~I Ll> hal-ga.~ir faxim.
    This palace is magnificent.
    Lo~ faxaama (title of respect usually

    given to a prime minister) . ..r)J t.W


    ~IJj_,JI faxaamat ra'iis 1-wuzara. His
    Excellency the Prime Minister.
    <)J~ fdn

    4JI.U faddaan p. c.):!,) I~ fadaadiin (land)


    square measure, approx. 4,200 m2 .

    'i J~

    fdy

    !.SoU jida (i..fiJ..A.o yifdi) to sacrifice for or


    to. L>- IJJ ~ \..;,;.bJ I.$ .J.A:, LlS'"' killana nifdi
    wa{arma b- 'arwaal:ma. We all sacrifice
    our souls for our country.
    ~~L..Qj tfaada

    VI to avoid. JJL>.
    J..U L. !.)"'"'! .)J-1 (_),)~ }:zaawal yitfaada
    1-xa{ar bass ma gidar. He tried to
    avoid danger but he couldn't.
    ~.U

    fida (v.n. from LS..U fida) sacrifice.


    ~)1 LS..L...t ..::..>L. maatfida 1-wa{an. He
    died for his country.
    '-?JI..U fdaawi p. -yya 1. one who sacrifices himself (for his country). 2.
    commando, guerrilla, member
    fedayeen. 3. bodyguard.

    of

    '[.JU. frj

    [_..,.i jiraj (C.~ yafrij) to relieve, cause

    475

    to come to a happy ending. 4>-} 11


    ~ 'al/afirjaha caleena. God relieved
    us. God caused things to come to a
    happy ending for us.
    [.) farraj

    = c_} firaj.

    [.~ faraj (v.n. from c_} firaj) relief,

    happy ending. .illl ...L:-1 c_.;--AJI 1-faraj


    b-yadd 'a!!a. Relief is in God's hands.
    (prov.) c.~' c_l.....=A... ~~ ~-~abir
    miftaal) 1-faraj. Patience is the key to a
    happy ending.
    'I'

    [.J~ frj
    ~) firiij

    p. 0\..>..} firjaan neighborhood, quarter or section of a city . ..;...;i


    ;1 .r- .._r>- ~_,..i.JI ..:.-S; .:.r-- 'inta min
    tirakt 1-jiriij l)atta marr rna tmurr.
    Since you left the neighborhood, you
    haven't even come by for a visit.

    ~ )farl)a

    (n. ofinst.)joy, mirth.

    IJ~)

    farl)aan happy, joyful, glad.


    !0l>} ...U...:. s-gadfarl)aan! How happy
    he is! 0l>-} 0LS" ,~ ~L..... saactin
    cifta, caan farl)aan. When I saw him,
    he was happy.
    J.;J frd

    .) ) fard p. ::.J} fruud pistol.


    .) ~ mfarrad single, lone. ::. ...,.Al.~
    b-li-mfarrad by retail. Lo PlJ..4 C:i'
    : . ...,.Al.~ ~ nbUC b-1-jumla; rna nbUC
    b-li-mfarrad. We sell wholesale; we
    don't sell retail.
    ~.J J.;J frdws
    ~J.)_,...All 1-jirdoos Paradise. U'J::. .;--AJI
    ~IJ 1-firdoos w-n-naciim Paradise

    and (God's) blessings.


    .;.;J frr

    c.;J Jrb
    C.~ firal) (c_~ yifral)) to be happy,

    c:

    delighted, glad. l) ~ ...il


    u:l c)
    0G..;:... )II firal) leen simac 'inna nijal) fi
    li-mtil)aan. He was happy when he
    heard that he had passed the
    examination.

    c_) farrab II to make happy, delight.


    ~} 0~)'1l)

    "--->Li.

    najaaba fi
    li-mtibaan farrabna. His passing the
    examination made us happy.
    C.~ farab 1. (v.n. from c_} firab)
    happiness, joy, gladness. ~ _pk ~I LA
    c.~'~ hal-xabar tawarni min
    1-farab. This news made me jump for
    joy.
    2. (p. c'_,...;i 'afraab) wedding
    celebration. r
    c) r-"~ Cindahum
    farab 1-yoom. They have a wedding
    celebration today.

    H'

    .)~ farrar

    II to show around. ~.l.,.:.


    ~..llll) 6......_jJ}J dJ~ xaoeeta
    b-sayyaarti w-farra~ta fi 1-madiina. I
    took him in my car and showed him
    around the city.

    jJI ftarr VIII 1. to wander around, go


    around. ~ J-.a>- Lo J ~l...:.A J ~ _.r...tl
    ftarr hni w-hnaak w-ma ba~~~l sayy.
    He wandered around here and there
    and didn't find anything. 2. to spin.
    ~ ($J::.I Lo .~ Lo ..r.L::JIIL haaoa
    t-taayir rna yiftarr. rna dri s-bii. This
    tire doesn't spin. I don't know what's
    wrong with it.

    o~

    farra p. -aat 1. revolution, turn,

    spin. ~~..LII ~ o_,...; ~ cam farra fi


    d-dagiiga? How many revolutions per
    minute?

    476

    _;-A.o rnafarr escape, flight. _)..- y \... rna


    fii rnafarr. There's no way out. It's
    unavoidable.
    '.,J,J""" fr z

    j_;J firaz (jfi yafriz) to stake boundaries (of a lot), to set apart. J j} ji_}JI
    .j:>}:ll 1-gazzaaz firaz-li l~'ar9. The
    surveyor staked the boundaries of my
    lot.
    r.

    .J.J '-" frz

    :;.;-A

    jiras (...}A yafris) 1. to provide


    (e.g., a house) with things like rugs,
    cushions, pieces of furniture, etc.
    ~\ ...}~ rj':l ~\ .Y" v _,..ll 1-micris
    huwa lli laazirn yafris /-beet. The
    bridegroom is the one who should
    furnish the house. 2. to prepare a bed,
    spread out the bedding. j>-- ':1 .J ...:......:. )
    ..1.i .r. frisat-la lajil yargid. She prepared
    the bed for him so that he might sleep .

    j____. ~\ .J-..K o.)J~ ....._,.~\

    :;_;J fad (v.n.) furnishing. ~~ J-)


    v ~\ ~ Jars !-beet ca[a 1-micris.

    ha8-8allaaja baarda killi.S. 1-l:za/iib


    farraz. This refrigerator is very cold.
    The milk turned into ice.

    :;1.;-J fraas

    j_;J farraz

    II to turn to ice, freeze. ~

    't,JJJ .J '-". frs


    ~\faras

    1-bal:zar hippopotamus.

    ~} fariisa p . ...,...:I) faraayis

    (of a wild animal).

    1. prey

    2. victim . ..:....dJ

    <L.....::!-41 ..:.r.,...; ~} wugcat fariisa been


    'iideena. She became his victim.

    ~J} furuusiyya I. horsemanship. 2.

    chivalry.

    is the bride-

    1. mattresses, bedding. 2.

    .J-A.o

    rniftaris predatory. v ]-U 0\r.-J:zayawaan rniftaris beast of prey.

    t,JJJ .J '-" frs

    ~J l! ~~ blaad faaris Iran, Persia.


    ~) l! faarsi 1. Persian.

    ~I} faraasa p.

    -aat butterfly.

    :;1.;-J

    farraas p. ~)} faraariis, -iin


    1. office custodian. ......A..J;.r ~ J..l..<>
    ~._}I~ ...__l ~ $idj kill muwa{J9af
    yibgaa-la farraas? Is it true that every
    employee wants an office custodian?
    2. doorman.

    ~.;J

    /r$

    ~} fur$a p . ._r>} Jura$ opportunity,

    ~Jl! faaris p. JL...} fursaan knight.


    ~

    Furnishing the house


    groom's responsibility.

    bed.

    ~_;J faras p. If'\~ I fraas mare. v}

    ~.;J frs

    r..s"" J lj ..6:- xatt

    faarsi Farsi script. 2. a Persian. 3. the


    Persian language, Farsi. ~ r..s"" Jlj ~
    titkallarn faarsi? Do you speak
    Persian?

    chance. L..:>_,..iJI ~~ ntihaz l-fur$a. He


    seized the opportunity. ~.h !.1.1"""""
    ~_iU i j

    ':1

    JU,

    L.. ~} taal curnrak haaoi

    fur$a rna laazirn tfuutak. May you live


    long, this 1s an opportunity you
    shouldn't miss.

    !;,.) J fr9
    fira9 (J:> ~ yafri9) 1. to suppose, assume. ~ . J ~ ..:.L-A.; ,_J )I

    JP .;J

    ~ ~ ~ i j':l 'ifri9 nafsak rnukaani.

    su

    laazim tsawwi? Suppose you were in

    477

    my place. What should you do? 2. to


    impose. o~..l>.- "-:--:!l..rP ..:,...__.p} .....

    _p.,

    1-bukuuma fra9at 9araayib yidiida.


    The government has imposed new
    taxes. <1.....,0} ~\ ~ l..i....A> haaoa sayy
    'a!!a .fra9a. This is something God
    ordained to us.

    J' jJI ftira9 VIII = .f} fira9.


    J' .;J far9 p . ..?)~ furuu9 1. duty,
    religious

    r-1-----

    J-.5' ~ .._,P~ o'.>L..a.ll

    duty.

    ~-~alaa

    far9 cafa kill muslim.

    Prayer is every Muslim's duty. 2. one


    of five obligatory prayers. 3. assumption, supposition, hypothesis. ~
    ... GI . f~ cafa far9 'inna ... on the
    assumption that. ..

    A...P} fur9a p . . f } fura9 harbor, small


    seaport. 6........0 _;JI

    .:..r- "-:--:!)

    ..::.......- .J ~~

    s-safiina risat gariib min l-fur9a. The


    ship laid anchor near the harbor.
    ~}

    farii9a p.

    ~\}faraayi9 relig-

    ious duty, religious obligation.

    t.;J jrc

    t.} farrac II to uncover (one's head),


    take off one's op gitra or hat.

    t..rAJ tfarrac

    V to branch, branch out,


    spread in all directions. t_A ~ ~

    t~ L...,. ~ J

    fii siyar yitfarrac


    w-siyar rna yitfarrac. There are trees
    that branch and (other) trees that don't
    branch.

    t.~

    mfarric (act. part. from II t_}

    farrac) having uncovered one's head.

    u.Jt.JJ frcwn
    .:J ~} farcoon p. 4...,_;s.\} faraacna
    Pharaoh. (prov.) Jy} ~ JL..\....t. ~
    cafa haamaanyafarcoon. You cannot
    pull the wool over my eyes. You
    cannot fool me.

    t.;J frg

    t_yJ

    firag (t_~ yafrig) 1. to be or


    become empty. ~} jL...A..I\ ...::..>l..;l_,.k.pi
    'u~tuwaanat l-qaaz frigat.
    The gas
    cylinder became empty. t_} (,S'lll ~'U
    taanki l-maay firag. The water tank
    became empty. 2. to be or become
    vacant. [_).J .~.!.WI~ jl} ~ J ~}

    -..,..-l.b i..L_j .frigat wa9iifat gazzaaz fi


    1-baladiyya. ruub gaddim talab. A job
    for a surveyor was vacated in the municipality. Go submit an application.
    3. to be or become free . . u)-L... Jy...;...
    ~ ~L-JI t_~i masguul ha/biin.
    'afrig s-saaca xams. I'm busy now. I
    will be free at five o'clock.

    t_yJ farrag II 1. to empty. ~'U t_}


    ~ J--"" 'j (,S'lll farrag taanki 1-maay
    lajil yna99fa. He emptied the water
    tank to clean it. !!.\~ t_~ farrig
    maxbaak! Empty your pocket. 2. to
    pour out. (,S'lli t_} farrig 1-maay. Pour
    out the water. 3. to unload. 4....) _,$01

    branch office. 2. branch, twig.

    ...::..>L.,._;}JI 0 ~fi u)-LA. 1-kuuliyya


    halbiin yfarrguun 1-/ooriyyaat. The
    coolies are now unloading the lorries.

    ,_f'} farci subsidiary, sub-, secondary.

    t_.;.As

    t..;J

    fare p. t_J~ fruuc

    I. branch,

    y } as"'~ sarikafarciyya subsidiary


    company. ~} 4..J:.!ajnafarciyya subcommittee.

    tfarrig V 1. p.p. of II t_}


    farrag.
    2. to devote oneself, apply
    oneself. _?'-'. o~; ~ <$i ~ t__riji
    'atfarrag l;agg 'ayya sayy triida

    478
    baaCir. I will devote myself to
    anything you want tomorrow.

    t_I..,..J

    faraag 1. free time, leisure. 2.


    empty space, emptiness.

    t_JUfaarig 1. empty, void. ~}j 6..1~


    btaala faarga empty bottles. t_J\.j ~
    /:laci faarig empty talk. 2. vacant,
    unoccupied. t_JU ~ beet faarig
    vacant house. G }; ~ J wa(Jiifa
    faarga vacant job.
    3. not busy,
    unoccupied. ~u t_JU L..;T 'aana
    faarig hal/:liin. I am free now.

    t_} firag):
    mafruug mina having been
    settled, finished. L+o t_J.)-- a.L<...::.il \..p;
    hal-muskila mafruug minha. This
    problem has been settled.
    t.J~ mafruug (p.p. from

    -. . .:.,. LJ~

    ~..)~ frg

    J ,;J firag (J fi yafrig)

    tasud Divide and conquer. 3. to


    disperse, scatter. J~l 1_,-..j)
    farragaw 1-jumhuur. They dispersed
    the crowd. JL_.. )IU} farragna
    z-zamaan. Time has separated us. 4.
    to distribute. ~ C:-!)1 J _,_..; ~I
    ~L..J.I /-bank farrag r-rib/:l cafa
    1-musaahmiin. The bank distributed
    the interest among the shareholders.

    JJU faarag III to leave s.o. or s.th.,


    depart, separate from s.o. or s.th. J}j
    }\..... J .J.A faarag hala w-saafar. He left
    his family and traveled.

    J ~ tfarrag V to be or become separated. 0-:!...~>.-IJ <J"u l_,_i )j y _rll ~


    cugb 1-/:larb tfarragaw naas waaydiin.
    After the war, many people became
    ~ J ~ tfarrag
    separated.
    samlahum. They were disunited.

    1. to be different. ..;::--A=LI ~ J ~ ~I 1-maktab


    yafrig can 1-/:lafiiz. A maktab is
    different from a /:lafiiz . ..L>.-IJ J ~
    yafrig waayid It differs quite a bit. 2.
    to make a difference. J )j L. ma tafrig.
    It doesn't make any difference. ~Jp
    s-tafrig? What difference does it
    make?
    3. to be less (by a certain
    amount). }$ ~ J fi yafrig xamsa
    keelu. It is less by five kilograms. It's

    a} firga p. J} firag 1. band, orches-

    five kilograms short.

    tra. 2. team.

    J..,..!

    II I. to distinguish, dif-

    J-!.} fariig p. Lt} furaga, J} firag. 1.

    ferentiate (between). J...lZ L- \~ j ~


    ~ J ~ ()neenhum toom; ma tigdar
    tfarrig beenhum. Both of them are
    twins; you cannot distinguish between

    team (of players). oJ~I ~} fariig


    1-kuura the soccer team. 2. lieutenant

    farrag

    them. 2. to divide. '-"'_,Jill L...;# J}


    farrag cafeena li-jluus. He divided the
    money among us.

    ..1.-..J

    J ~ farrig

    Jpiftirag VIII

    = J)j tfarrag V.

    J_;J farg p. J J} fruug difference . ..:.,..ji


    G~

    J}..,; \... ~JI_,>-l \..;IJ 'inta w-aana


    'ixwaan; ma fii farg beenaatna. You
    and I are brothers; there's no
    difference between us. o_r:..s. ~ J )ll
    L-..)o- L-..)o- J
    l-farg been casara
    w-xamsa xamsa.
    The difference
    between ten and five is five.

    ct;

    traffac
    general. J J i ~} ~J J1
    'ila rutbat fariig 'awwal. He was
    promoted to the rank of lieutenant
    general.

    479

    Ji) fraag farewell, departure. (prov.)


    ~ .UI} fraaga

    ciid. Good riddance.

    ~,.)~ frk

    !l_r! Jirak (!.I~ yafruk) to rub. ~\),.1


    . . _; y. !.1 ~ 1-yaahil Jirak cyuuna. The
    child rubbed his eyes.

    !l) farrak II intens. of !.1} Jirak.


    UJ~..J~ frkwt

    ~ ') farkoot p. -aat overcoat.

    U..J~ frn

    IJ.;-! firn p. 01} fraan 1. oven. C \.>.....UI


    0_,..ill ,y e:llb o_,; d-diyaay tawwa taalic
    min 1-jirn. The chicken has just come
    out ofthe oven. 2. bakery. _r.>- ..:....:_p...:;.l
    0 _,....;.!1 .:..r-- .JL.:.- stireet xubiz f:zaarr min
    1-jirn. I bought hot bread from the
    bakery.
    I.)AJ

    U,; ~ frns
    W) faransa France.
    ~) faransi 1. French, characteristic

    of France. 2. (p. -yyiin) Frenchman.


    3. French, the French language.~
    ~~} titkallam faransi? Do you
    speak French?
    J.)~ frw
    -'~ faru (coli.) fur. J} ...:..> ~ kuutfaru
    fur coat.

    o-'~ jarwa p. -aat overcoat (made


    from sheep skin and lined with wool).
    ,j,j ~ fzz

    ;J

    jazz (~ yjizz) l. to stand up. u)


    leen rammasa s-seex,
    jazz. When the Shaikh talked to him,
    he stood up. 2. to wake up. ~ _,jl ,y }

    _.;. .; ,pi . . . . ._. )

    jazz min n-noom. He woke up.


    t,j~ jzc

    (.} fizac (t.~ yifzac) (with J /-)to go


    to s.o. 's aid, go to help s.o. ljl.S""
    .J t.} oyi ._,....; ,<l..i y.~ 0 J~.T- caanaw
    yriiduun ya(Jribuuna, bass 'uxuu
    fizac-la. They wanted to hit him, but
    his brother came to his aid.

    uI u vu ~

    fstaan

    IJI.::.....,.j fustaan p. ~W fasaatiin (more


    common var. __:, _rj,j nafnuuf) woman's
    dress.
    .,) l.)M~

    fsd

    J-jfisad (~yafsid) 1. to spoil, go


    bad, become rotten. ~I ..1...-.! fisad
    1-f:zaliib. The milk spoiled. 2. to be or
    become corrupt, bad. ul.J..I ,y ..1...-.!
    ~L..o ~I fisad min 1-jamaaca IIi
    $aaf:zbahum. He became corrupt because of the people he associated with .

    ..L...J fassad II 1. to corrupt, spoil s.o.


    o..l...-.! "-":...L..o $adiiga jassada. His friend
    corrupted him. 2. to mess up s.th.
    ~ J.-.5"" L# ...L.-.j jassad cafeena kill
    sayy. He messed up everything for us.
    ~ W jasaad corruption, immorality.

    ..L-.1\! faasid (act. part. from ..W fisad)


    1. immoral, wicked. 2. spoiled, rotten.
    ...L...u ~ beef) jaasid rotten eggs.

    .) VU J fsr
    ~ jassar

    ~~~I

    l..J.

    II

    to explain, interpret.

    ~ ~ .J~ t..r..k.U

    li-mtawwac yigdar yfassir-lak hal'asya. The religious man can explain


    these things to you. '-"'.J...UI W ~ ~I
    l-mucallim jassar lana d-dars. The

    480

    teacher explained

    the lesson to us.


    o~L....,WI LA ~ J...l..Z tigdar tfassir
    haf)-f}aahira? Can you explain this
    phenomenon?

    .r-AJ tfassar

    V pass. of II~ fassar.

    ~I

    stafsar X to inquire, ask. C'!IJ


    yl~l J ~iJ ~i raayi/J, 'astafsir
    w-'acrif 1-jawaab. I am going to
    inquire and know the answer.

    tafsiir (v.n. from II ~fassar)


    explanation, interpretation. 0i_;JI ~
    tafsiir 1-gur'aan interpretation and
    commentary on the Quran.

    .r-A-o

    mfassir (act. part. from II~


    fassar)
    interpreter, commentator.
    ~~~~ ~ mfassir 1-'a/J,laam
    interpreter of dreams.
    ~JMJ fig
    ~

    jisag (coli.) cartridges, bullets. s.


    ~ jisga, fliga.

    JJMJ

    fll

    J-U jisal

    people.

    J..!..41 tfassal

    V pass. of II ~ fassal.

    j..:J fasal (v.n. from~ jisal) failure,


    state of being unsuccessful.
    ~l! faasil (act. part. from fisal) 1.

    having failed, having been unsuccessful. 0~ ~~ ~ ~lj faasil fi


    li-mtil],aan. He's failed the examination. 2. unsuccessful, failing.~ ~li
    ....;L:>- faasil ji IJ,ayaata. He's no good.
    He's a failure in his life.

    t~J fox

    t;-J ju$ax (~ yja$iX) 1. to dissolve, cancel, void. ..LWI ~ /u$ax


    f-cagd. He broke the contract. 2. to
    take off (one's clothes). ....__. J..u. t---i
    ~ J ju$ax hduuma w-tsabbalJ,. He
    took off his clothes and took a bath. 3.
    to take apart, disassemble. W"lll ~
    ja$$GX 1-maakiina. He took the engine
    apart.
    ~ tfa~ .sax

    (~ yiftal)

    to fail, be unsuccessful. ...._;L:>- ~ ? .J ~ battaal.


    jisal ji l:zayaata. He's a bad person. He
    was a failure in his life.

    J-U fassal

    II I. to let s.o. down,


    disappoint s.o. ~i? L.. .Jl,.,.J J-y>xoos rayyaal. mayfassil 'a!J,ad. He's a
    good man. He doesn't let anyone
    down.

    L.. ~IJ ~I J

    ruu/:l cuuf s-seex w-s-seex ma

    .r-!- (JJ

    yfassilk. Go see the Shaikh and he will

    not disappoint you.

    2. to embarrass,

    ridicule. ~\..,Lj d_;.; !~ J ~~I


    '-"'UI 'ista/:l cafa weehak! fassalta
    jiddaam n-naas. Shame on you! You
    embarrassed him in front of the

    to take off one's

    clothes. j)'L; JLA;J ~IJ ~ ~~


    guum tfa$~ax w-isbah w-tacaal naakil.
    Go take off your clothes, take a bath,
    and come so that we might eat.
    ~ m/G$$GX (p.p.

    from II ~
    1. having been taken apart.
    ~ ~UI l-maakiina mja$$axa.
    The engine has been taken apart. 2.
    (p. -iin) naked. (prov.) ,}>- ~~J 0~.-f'
    ~ c;ryaan w-laafi ca[a m/G$$GX.

    ja$$GX)

    Two peas in a pod.

    ~~J 1$$
    ~ fa$$ first, the best. '-"'"%" ~ ja$$
    klaas first class.

    481
    J~~ ftl

    J.-.ai fi~a/

    (~ yafti/) to separate. l)
    ..:..WI~ ~'YJ~I 0~ L... ~ri
    ._,..)..L....ll fi 'amrUka ma yfa#uun
    1-'aw/aad can 1-banaat fi 1-madaaris.
    In America they do not separate boys
    from girls in schools.

    J.-.ai fa~~a/ II to interpret, explain.


    t__,..k.l.l J-!.- ~ J...L.A.i L. ..;....;i 'inta ma
    tigdar

    tfa~~il

    mi(}i/ li-mtawwac. You

    cannot interpret things like a religious


    man does. U _,.A..... ..:..~ ~ fa~~a/
    taftii/aat macguula. He gave reasonable interpretations.

    J..=Ail nfi~a/
    J.-.ai fa~il

    VII pass. of~ fi~al.

    1. (v.n. from .1-J fi~af)


    separation. 2. (p. J ~ fu~uuf) chapter
    (in a book, a play, etc.) 3. season. 4.
    semester, term.

    r.)-"J

    ~ fa~/i (adj.) semester, term.


    ~ rusuumfa~liyya semester fees.

    ~ fa~ iii p. J:L.a.i fa~aayi/ platoon


    (mil.), squadron.

    J.aA- maftal p. j...:>U.. mafaa~il joint.


    J...:..aAi taftiil I. (v.n. from II ~
    ja$$a/) interpretation, explanation. 2.
    (p. -aat) detail.
    ..J~J ft.r

    ~ fitar (~ yaft.ir) to break the fast:


    eat and drink after a fast. as.L... ':?'
    ~Ls-"' 0 J_,.J:aA.; 'ayya saaca tfatruun hni?
    What time do you break your fast
    here? 'awwal saw naflir cafa tamir
    bass. We break our fast with dates
    only.

    ;-1d fattar

    I. to cause s.o. to break his

    fast. ~ (,?UI y ~ surb 1-maay


    yfattir. Drinking water breaks the fast.
    ~ ~ .J?..l.:ll t-tadxiin yfattir bacad.
    Smoking breaks the fast also. 2. to
    allow s.o. to break his fast. p..UI

    J-L> 4'1 L..-__,k;


    /inha

    d-daxtar fattarha

    ~aamil.

    The doctor excused her


    from fasting because
    she was
    pregnant.

    _,.....bj fitir: _,..k.AJI

    ~ cud 1-.fitir (also

    known as 0l....,::a.. J ~ cud rumpaan)


    Lesser Bairam, feast of the end of
    Ramadan.
    ~ futuur (v.n. from ..r-k fitar) 1.
    breaking one's fast at sundown during
    Ramadan. 2. the first meal after the
    daily fast in Ramadan.
    ~ mift.ir not fasting (adj.). ~\...p

    ..;....;i

    ~r _,....-:ll ~ 'YIJ 'inta $aayim walla

    mift.ir 1-yoom? Are you fasting or not


    fasting today? ,_Ja-v ~ ~ mift.ir
    /inni mariip. I am not fasting because I
    am sick.

    I.J"' .b J fts
    ~ fitiisa p. ~L,b.; .fitaayis dead
    animal, carrion, animal carcass.

    ~i 'aft.as 1. (p. u...6 Juts, ~


    futsiin) flat-nosed person. 2. flat and
    wide nose. u...6i ~ xasim 'aft.as flat
    nose.

    ~~J ft.m

    ~ fitam (~ yuft.um) to wean.


    ~ o~ .:,lS ~~I~ ft.imat
    'ibinha leen caan cumra sanateen. She
    weaned her son when he was two
    years old.

    ~lld ft.aam (v.n.) weaning.

    482

    ~lu..i
    r~ maftuum (p.p.) weaned, having
    been weaned. maft.uum walla bacda?
    Is he weaned or not yet?

    c~~ fo~
    ~ ji(Ja~ (~ yif.oa~) to expose,

    disclose or uncover s.o. 's faults or


    offenses. V'l.-01 ri..U r 6-.,;a; jipa~~um
    jiddaam n-naas. He exposed them in
    front of the people.
    L~.

    "i

    fapii~a p.

    ~L.,;a; fa(Jaayi~

    disgrace, scandal.
    ~~~

    fo(J

    L..l=i ji(Jpa silver (coiL).~


    ~yuul

    (if) J~

    (min) fiMa silver bracelets.

    ~ fiMi silver, silvery.~

    0) loon

    fiMi silver color.


    t~~

    ~ fa(JW I. horrible, disgusting,


    atrocious, hideous. ~ ~..f"' jariima
    fapUCa horrible crime. 2. excellent,
    splendid. L...Ja; ~Jij ~.r':' (Jarbat
    zaawya fa(JWa excellent comer kick
    (in soccer).

    ~i 'afoac (elat.) 1. (with i f min) a.


    more horrible, disgusting, etc. than. b.
    more excellent than. 2. (with foil. n.)
    a. the most horrible, disgusting. b. the
    most splendid.
    J~~ fol

    ~ Jap(Jal II to prefer.. _r:-b ...:...i)1


    [)) ~i 1-wagt mit'axxir. 'afa9{Jil
    'aruul). It's getting late. I prefer to go.
    ($u.ll Js- o_,.Ajl ~i 'afa9{Jill-gahwa
    cafa c-caay. I prefer coffee to tea.

    tfa(J(Jal V (only as imp., approx.

    meaning:)

    please,

    ~ c~ YWI

    1-baab maftuub.

    tfa(J{Jal. The door's open. Come on in!


    ~ fa(Jil 1. favor, grace. ~ J.ai Jl
    'ila fa(Jil cafayya. I owe him a favor.
    Y~UI
    ,..!.lL,;aj i f minfa(Jlak, cam
    s-saaca? What time is it, please? 2.

    r-S

    ~~ ~ .:r- ~ I.L. jS" kill haaoa


    ~a~~alta min fa(Jl a!!a. I have gotten
    all of this, thanks to God.

    joe

    yourself, be my guest, come in. '~


    ~J----'1 tfa(J{Jal, starii~. Please, sit
    down. JJi ~i !~ tfa(J(Jal! 'inta
    'awwal. Go ahead! You first. I~
    !JL.I tfa(J{Jal! 'is'al! Go ahead! Ask!
    II~ .jJ~ J-S\11 1-'akil baariz.
    tfa9{Jlu! The food is ready. Help
    yourselves! !~?U ~:~-,.,..!.1 ~ tfa(J9/i
    'israbi caay! Here, have some tea!

    go ahead, help

    ~ fa(Jii/a p. JWa.i fa(Jaayil virtue,


    good quality. ~ J..L....ali J _,J goo/
    ~-~idj fa(Jiila. Telling the truth is a
    virtue. Y~~J ';iiJ ~ ~?L haaoi
    fa(Jii/a walla raoiila? Is this a virtue or
    a vice? ~~ ~L,.:. ~aal)ib 1-fa(Jii/a
    His Holiness, His Eminence.

    ~i 'afoal (elat.) 1. (with -:r min)


    better than, more desirable than. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the best, the most desirable.

    ~f 'afoaliyya precedence, priority.


    ~~ ~ l?i ~ ~i U if\JI ~
    gapiyyat 1-'am in /aha 'af.oaliyya ca[a
    'ayya ga(Jiyya ()aanya. The problem of
    security has preference over any other
    problem.

    J..."l.i faa(Jil distinguished, eminent, respected. J..Dlt t Is. caalim faa(Jil distinguished scholar.

    483
    JJ:t~ fow
    ~~ fapaa' space, empty space,

    cosmos. ~l.....,;:z.A)I ..UI.J raa'id 1-fapaa' the


    astronaut.

    Je. ~tel

    ~ fagiir

    j..d ficil p. Jw ficaayil, Jwi 'afcaal


    deed, action. !~JL......JI W. .r-!- su
    ha[-jicaayil?! What deeds are these?!
    JU.l~ b-[-jici[ indeed, actually, really.
    U"~ ~ !j.UJ~ b-[-jicilf yabi ycarris.
    Yes, i~deed! He wants to get married.
    ~~~) ~ 'j.UJ~ b-[-jici[, yiit
    wiyyaahum. Actually, I came with
    them.

    ;w fie/an

    yl!ll (.J_;..j ~ ~I yaa 1-fagir leen


    tazawwaj fJ-fJaanya. He became poor
    when he married his second wife. P
    r;) fagir damm anemia.

    j.UJ~ b-[-jicil.

    Ju.! faccaal active, effective. Jw ~


    cupufaccaal active member.
    ~U faaci[ (act. part.) I. having done

    s.th. ~~~L.a. ~U _r:-- minu faaci[


    has-sayy? Who has done this thing?
    2. (p. -iin) doer, perpetrator.
    ~~~~ fgaag

    Jl.a& fgaag (coil.) pied weatherer. s. -a.


    .J~~ fgr

    _rAj faggar II to make s.o. poor, impoverish s.o. L. ~~ 0 ~ .:>LS"...UI L.a.


    or.--4 ~ J f i had-dikkaan faggara
    linna ma year/ keefydiira. This store
    made him poor because he didn't
    know how to manage it.

    .;-dl

    ftigar VIII to become poor. ,y


    _,..A;:.tl 0_,_> i .!l }-..;, L. u-~ min yoom-ma
    saarac 'uxuu ftigar. Since the day he
    entered into a partnership with his
    brother, he has become poor.
    ~ fagir poverty, impoverishment. \..>..

    I.JU fagaara

    I. poor.
    .r.---Ai ..___;':} t)~l ~ ~ ytirr fi
    s-sawaaric linnafagiir. He begs on the
    streets because he's poor. 2. pauper.
    3. simple (person). Jb .J -~ J~ Le
    p-Ai ma yguul sayy. rayyaal fagiir. He
    doesn't say anything. He is a simple
    man.
    p. -iin,

    ~i 'afgar (elat.) I. (with .:..r-- min)


    poorer than.
    2. (with foll. n.) the
    poorest.
    IJM~~ fgs
    ~ figas (~ yufgus) to hatch.
    ...:.-..U J ~I ~ 4>.-l>.-...tll ..;_,...)j.J rgadat

    d-diyaaya ca[a 1-beepa w-figsat. The


    hen sat on the egg and it hatched.
    ~ faggas II = ~ figas. ~ ~~
    /-beep faggas. The eggs hatched.

    t~~ Jgc
    ~

    fagic (common var. fugue)


    mushroom (coli.). s . ......U fagca .
    ..)~~ jkr

    .;-5J fakkar

    II to think over, meditate,


    reflect. ~
    ~I .!ll~ ...:....1&. 0Y /een
    Cal/amfa b-0aak S-Sayy gaam yfakkir.
    When I told him about that matter, he
    started to think it over. ~ ~ .r- 0Y
    ~ ~b- ...;I ~ o).~.J1 leen yirkab-la
    sayyaara yfakkir 'inna /:laakim bald.
    Whenever he drives a car, he thinks
    he's a ruler of a country. J ~ L.
    0--:!j ~ L.. G~ yi_,....J:-1 ma ciraf
    1-jawaab linna ma fakkar zeen. He

    rli

    484
    didn't know the answer because he
    didn't think hard.
    ~I ftikar

    VIII to think, be of the


    opinion. \..:.:. ..;I ~i 'aftakir 'inna ya. I
    think he has come. ~/i -...J ~~
    fitkarta 'amriiki. I thought he was an
    American .

    .;5J fikir

    thinking, reflection, meditation. ~ !J ~


    su fikrak? What do you
    think? CL.::..JIJ ......._.1JJJ4 l...P> ~ fikirha
    b-d-diraasa w-n-najaa~. Her mind is
    on studying and passing (the examination).

    o~ fikra

    p.
    thought, notion.

    fikar,

    -aat idea,

    d d J jkk (more common var ..fCC). See


    under 55 .J fCc.
    ~I

    ftakk VIII (with if min) to get


    rid of s.o. or s.th. ~ ~I ftakkeet
    minna. I got rid of it. u ,:,--- ~~
    u J} ftakkeena min hal-war(a. We

    got rid of this problem.

    ~ fakka escape, outlet. ~ _,s'L..


    maakufakka. There's no escape.
    majkuuk (p.p. from~ fakk) I.

    open. !J~ yWI !~ tfa9(Jfal!


    l-baab majkuuk. Come in. The door is
    open. 2. loose. !J~ )~ sikruu
    majkuuk loose screw.

    .>d J jkh

    fit

    ~ filat (~ yaflit) to come lose,

    escape, get away. 'J.j .}.J-1

    ruJJ

    fit

    ~flit

    '~JJ

    insecticide, bug spray.

    flj

    t li faalij paralysis.
    t_fo

    mafluuj paralyzed, stricken with


    paralysis.

    y~JJ flj
    c_ ')\.....;i 'ajlaaj,

    .J....!.j

    L.. 1~1

    J\.;,.1; filjaan

    brook, little

    stream.

    ~JJ fie
    ~ filka Filka (more common var.
    filca) (Kuwaiti Island, known as a
    historical site).

    cJJ

    fib

    fallaab p. -iin, ~JU jilaalii~


    farmer, peasant.

    e,">U

    tJJ

    fix

    t:-li

    jilax to run away. ;J, .rJI ,y ~


    jilax min s-sirta. He ran away from the

    police.

    '-"" J J

    jls

    ~ fal!as II

    to be or become bankgo broke. ~ d.5"' r=JI ..:.-t


    U"L.JI ~ U. ~I U"_,.._LAJI fallasat
    s-sarika b-sabab li-fluus illi /aha ca[a
    n-naas. The company went broke because of the money people owed it.
    rupt,

    1.i faakiha p . ...s'lj fawaakih fruit.


    \u J 4..J.

    flew away.

    ~ falaj (common var. ~fa lay) p.

    o~ mufakkara p. -aat I. datebook.


    2. diary.

    !l.f,io

    ~ c.>~ 'ioa rna tsidd 1-~abil zeen,


    tara yajlit. If you don't tie the rope
    well, let me tell you, it will come
    loose. J\.1 J 1.$~ if ..:.J; filat min yaddi
    w-taar. It slipped out of my hand and

    485
    ~ fils p. 1..1"_,li j/uus 1. one fils coin

    = 1/1000 dinar in Bahrain or 11100


    dirham in the U.A.E. 2. (p. only)
    money. (prov.) l..l"J~I ~I..!".,..WI
    li-fluus tyiib [-caruus. Money talks.
    (lit., "Money brings the bride.").
    J'')Ul 'iflaas bankruptcy. ~i a5"" _rjl
    u )L-...) 4-----")Ul s-sarika 'ac[anat
    iflaassa
    w-saarat. The company
    declared bankruptcy and left.
    ~ miflis bankrupt, insolvent, broke.

    3.....-.La.. a5""~ sarika mifilsa insolvent


    company. ~ ~~ ~ c..ii J _pi 'acuuf
    'inta miflis 1-yoom. I see that you are
    broke today.

    u(j ~ <.J-1' J ~

    j/styn

    ~ falastiin Palestine.

    J.h

    1.! falastiini l . Palestinian, char-

    of Palestine. r-~1 ~
    6
    1.;11
    muna()()amat t-ta/:zriir
    1-falastiiniyya the P.L.O. 2. (p. -yyiin,
    -yya) a Palestinian.
    acteristic

    ~ <.J-1' J ~ .f/sf

    ' o lA1 tfalsaf (0


    I h ytifalsaj) to
    pretend to be a philosopher. ~
    !~ ~ 'j !...:...5:.....1 bass iskit! Ia
    titfalsaf b-l:wcyak! Enough! Be quiet!
    Don't pretend to be such a philosopher
    in your talk!
    4A......,Ij falsafa philosophy.

    J .;-!) faylasuuf p.

    u....._.")U falaasfa

    philosopher.

    open.
    2. to split open. ~ !)L. )1
    r-rummaan fa/lac. The pomegranates
    have split open.
    ~~ nfi[ac VII = II~ fa/lac to split

    open.

    4A1i fa/ca p. -aat crack, split.


    J~J~ .fl.fl

    J....ili filfil

    (coli.) 1. pepper . .) _,...i jAli


    filfil 'aswad black pepper. J~ J..-ili
    filfil l:zaarr hot pepper.
    2. green
    peppers. s. ~ filifla, jAli ~ /:zabbat
    filfil.
    dJ~ .flk
    l!,.l...ij falak (no known p.) circuit, orbit

    (of celestial bodies) . ..!.l.lAJI


    1-falak astronomy.

    cilm

    ~ filka (more common var.filca).


    See under a,J .J.f/c.

    JJ ~ .f/1
    u falla

    (invar.) wonderful, terrific,


    splendid. w ~Jij ~..r"' ()arhat zaawya
    falla wonderful comer kick (in
    soccer). ~,..WI ~ Ut ~ bintifallafi
    J-cuzuum. My daughter is terrific in
    science. Ut JLJ.- 4#- cazeehajamaa/
    fall a. She is of terrific beauty.

    ~J~ j/m

    ~ filim p. ~")Ui 'aj/aam 1. film, roll of


    film. 2. movie, film. a..lJjl J-j ~ y fii
    filim zeen /-lee/a. There's a good
    movie tonight.

    uJ ~fin

    tJ~ j/C
    ~ fa/lac II 1. to cause to crack open.

    IJ~ j/aan f. -a so-an

    ()-()alj fa/lac 1-garsa.


    The ice has caused the bottle to crack

    such. !)"'j..___s. '1 J !)";A.j'1 Ia .flaan wala


    cillaan. nobody, not a single person.

    W jJI

    cU ~I

    486
    ~":JJ

    fulaani (adj. of 0)\; flaan) 0)\;


    ~')WI jlaan 1-fu/aani John Doe. 0l5J.I
    ~')WI 1-mukaan 1-fu/aani such and
    such a place.

    .; 'i u uJ

    fntyr

    ~ fintiir p. ~La finaatiir flamingo.

    u[ul..i

    fnjn

    !J~

    finjaan (more common var.


    finyaan ). See under ul.j u.J fnyn.

    ~"'uJ fndg

    J..U fundug p.

    J~La

    fanaadig hotel,
    inn. JJi 6........>.- J~ J..L.._;j fundug daraja
    'uula first class hotel. 0 pi J..G
    fundug /-hilton the Hilton Hotel.

    J "'uJ fndt
    Jlu findaal (coli.) sweet potatoes.

    s.

    -a.

    .;ul..i

    fnr

    JW fanaar p. -aat lighthouse.

    <.JMuJ

    fns

    ..;..J Janna II 1. to resign. J;>- y..:.;.1


    ~) ~ ~ dS'rJI staga/ J;agg

    s-sarika xams siniin w-fannaS. He


    worked five years for the company and
    resigned.
    2. to fire, discharge s.o.
    (from work). <J-!.j ~ L..... ..:."j o~
    fannasoo linna rna yistagil zeen. They
    fired him because he didn't work well.
    ~

    tafniis (v.n.)
    discharge (from work).
    ~

    dismissal,

    mfannis (act. part.) 1. having


    resigned. ~Lll iL..JI ~ .J-'b huwa
    mfannis f-caam 1-maapi. He resigned
    last year. 2. having fired, discharged
    s.o. W_,5:!1 ~~ _r-A ~..dl t-tindeel

    huwa li-mfannis 1-kuuliyya. The


    foreman is the one who fired the
    coolies.
    ~

    mfannas (p.p.) having been fired.


    ~ W ~ ~ xamas kuuliyya
    mfannasiin. Five coolies have been
    fired.

    "'uJuJ Jnlnd
    I..L...o.l.:i finlanda (common var. 1-Lll.i
    fillanda) Finland.

    uul..i fnn
    ~

    tfannan V to be versatile, to be
    inventive. ~_,.,..:)1 ~ ~ ~.,? JLA.ll u
    hal-gaari yitfannan fi t-tajwiid. This
    reader
    is versatile at Quranic
    recitation.
    ~ fann p. 0 ~ fnuun art.

    j '-"'J..l.:

    yidriss fann. He's studying art. ~


    ~~ fann t-tajmiil the art of cosmetics. ~I 0 ~I L...... J..Lo madrasat
    li-fnuun 1-jamiila the school of fine
    arts .
    ~ fanni 1. technical. 2. artistic. 6.:-- _,l

    y /awl;a fanniyya artistic piece of


    work.
    iJ Wfannaan artist.

    J(juJ

    fnyl

    ~ faniila p. -aat undershirt. ~]..!:.1


    uwl>- ~) ~ stireet faniilteen

    w-xams haafaat. I bought two undershirts and five shorts.


    u(ju~ fnyn
    !J~ .finyaan (common var. Jy
    .finyaal; less common var. 0L....a
    .finjaan) p. ~U fanaayiin small
    porcelain cup. o_ni 0~ jinyaan gahwa

    487
    cup of coffee, coffee cup.

    .u..J fhd

    .L.fi fahad

    p. .)_,.... .fuhuud I. leopard,


    panther. 2. Fahad (male's name). -4-f
    ~lfahad f-caskar Fahad Al-Askar
    (Kuwaiti singer and man of letters).

    VA' .J ..J fhrs


    if~ fahras p. V"'J4-i fahaaris index,
    table of contents.

    ~..J fhm
    ~ jiham (~ yifham) to understand.
    ~i J..ui L.. ~I..L,.,. ..::....t._,......, ~ lees

    sawweet haaoa? ma 'agdar 'ajhamk.


    Why have you done this? I can't
    understand you.
    ~ fahham II to make s.o. understand or see, to instruct s.o., to explain
    to s.o. V"'J...UI ~i \.iT !.WI :..J ..:..1i
    git-la:
    "'igcid! 'aana 'afahhimk
    d-dars." I said to him, "Sit down! I'll
    make you understand the lesson." L..
    ~ J-"' J->.- '1 ~ J-l.Z ma tigdar
    tfahhma lajil huwa caniid. You can't
    make him see things because he's
    stubborn. l>.- L.. J-) ~_; fahhimni lees
    maya. Explain to ~e why he hasn't
    come.
    ~U,; tfaaham

    VI I. to come to an
    understanding, come to an agreement,
    reach an understanding. ..t...Ui \.l,.:. lf"!
    ~U:.i bass xa!!na nigcid nitfaaham.
    Let's just sit down and come to an
    understanding. ~L._.ij [)J !~ ..:,_;j
    ~~~J 'inta mxabbal! ruul:z tfaaham
    wiyyaahum. You are crazy! Go and
    reach an understanding with them. 2.
    to communicate with each other.

    oJU.)'~ ~w .~

    J-"'

    ~~al)iih

    huwa gatam. tfaahamna b-1-'isaara.


    It's true that he's mute. We communicated by gesture.
    ~~ ftiham VIII
    I. to understand,
    comprehend s.th. ~~ ,_.;. ~~ L..
    ~ ma ftihamt su lli yabgii. I didn't
    understant what he had wanted. 2. to
    learn, find out. .WI '--"'j.S' .:r ~~
    o~ us::...._.;... J e:--JIJ ftihamt min
    kalaama 'inna waagic fi muskila
    cibiira. I learned from what he said
    that he was involved in a big problem.
    ~~

    stafham

    to inquire, ask.
    ruul) stajhim
    can hal-ga{Jiyya. Go inquire about this
    case.
    ~~ U.

    ,:,;-s- ~~

    (.JJ

    r-+'

    ~ fahim (v.n. from


    fiham) under~ ~'- .)---" suu' fahim
    standing.
    misunderstanding.
    ~l...Qj tafaahum (v.n. from VI ~l..A.i
    tfaaham)
    mutual
    understanding,
    mutual agreement.

    r-+'

    ~ faahim (act. part. from


    fiham~
    I. having understood s.th. ~U ..:,_;1
    ~V"'J..LJI 'intafaahim d-dars? Have you
    understood the lesson? 2. knowledgeable, competent. ~U ~U gaa{Ji
    faahim knowledgeable judge.
    ~.J-&A.o mafhuum (p.p. from

    r-+' fiham)

    I. understood, having been underIL haaoa sayy


    stood. i ~

    .r-

    mafhuum. This is an accepted fact. 2.


    certainly, sure, of course, fine. 'i~
    .) y Jl>.- J c..il lf"! majhuum, bass 'inta
    rayyaa/ cood. I know, but you are an
    old man. i .J+All!-majhuum it is said, it
    .wl i ~~
    is known that... ,?'-!

    -.sL>.

    488

    1-ma.fhuum 'inna yaay baacir. It is said


    that he's coming tomorrow.

    .J6..J .fhw
    ._;aU faahi (invar.) 1. light, faint
    /:lamar faahi light red.
    (color). ~\,;
    2. weak, flat-tasting. ~u t,?U caay
    faahi weak tea.

    '

    . fwt

    ~.JU

    ..:,.,u faat

    r~ ~ y.fuut) 1. to go, pass.


    oj tawwafaat minni. He just
    went by here. ~I..U ,y ~\,; faat min
    giddaami. He passed by me. ~} ~
    tfa{J(Jal .fuut. Please, go ahead. ! ~ _;
    !.1 ~ ,_,. oL~I .fuut! 1-baab mafkuuk.
    Come in! The door is unlocked. 2. to
    pass, go by . ..::....i_,ll ~\,; faat 1-wagt. The
    time has passed. -..........~I ~\.j faatatni
    1-.fur~a. I missed the opportunity. ~\.j
    o,~-L..kJI faatatni t-taayra. I missed the
    plane. (prov.) ~L.. ~\.j Jll 'illifaat
    maat. Let bygones be bygones.
    (prov.) ~~ L.. o'.>I-,.JI ~ ~I 'illi
    yibga ~-~a/aa ma tfuuta. Where there
    ~ ~u

    is a will there is way. ~\.j Jll ~~


    s-sahar illi faat the past month, last
    month.

    ..:,.,_,J fawwat II 1. to cause to go by,


    cause to pass. ~ a..... ~I ~ ~ 'i Ia
    tfawwit 1-fur~a cafeek. Don't miss the
    opportunity. 2. to allow to pass, allow
    to go by. r.j)l ._:, ~i ~i ~_;
    fawwitni. 'abga 'asuuf 1-waziir. Let
    me in. I want to see the minister. 'i
    !.l..l-,! ,:;--- ~I ~ ~ [a tfawwit s-sag[a
    min yaddak. Don't let the job slip
    away from your hand.
    ..:,.,lj fawaat (v.n. from~\,; faat) pass-

    ing, lapse. 0\J~I ~I}~ gabilfawaat

    1-'awaan before it's too late.


    y

    ~.JU

    .fwt

    ..:,.,_,J .fuut p. ~l_;i 'afwaat foot (unit of


    measure). ~ _,...; 6.::.-... U._,k p-l.l 1-meez
    tuulha sitta fuut. The table is six feet
    long.
    C.J..J fwb

    C.u faab

    (c_~ y.fuub) to boil. t,?ll.l cu


    faab 1-maay. The water boiled. (,>ll.l
    t,?L....::. ($.)-""' C.JJ c.~ 1-maay yfuub.
    ruub sawwi caay. The water is boiling.
    Go make some tea.

    c_,J

    II to boil s.th. t,?ll.l c}


    ~ t,?u.ll V 'i ~ fawwib 1-maay
    gabil-la tbutt c-caay fii. Boil the water
    before you put the tea in it.
    fawwab

    uf"..J.J ..J Jwrmn


    IJ-1'J} foorman p. -iyya foreman,
    supervisor. .:..r----J} ~ yistagil
    foorman. He works as a foreman.

    j,J ..J fwz


    jU faaz (j~ y.fuuz) 1. to win, be
    victorious. ~~~~ jU Jll ,y man illi
    faaz oal/:ziin? Who is the one who won
    this time? 2. (with J.>- cala) to beat
    s.o., defeat s.o. ju ~} J ~~~ l.r.J
    ~ licbaw 1-fariigeen w-fariigna
    faaz caleehum. The two teams played
    and our team beat them.

    j_J--J fooz (v.n.) winning, victory,


    success. ~~l>.;:;'jl .) j_,....AJI 1-fooz fi
    li-ntixaabaat winning the elections.

    ). U faayiz (act. part.) 1. having won,


    having been victorious. 2. winner,
    victor. y.\AJI ~} fariigna 1-faayiz. Our
    team is the winner.

    489
    ~,~ fwt

    U,} fouta p. .k_,...;1 'ifwat bath towel,


    towel.
    ~,~ fw9

    .._jP _,_.! fawwa9


    II
    to authorize,
    empower. ..;..WkJI J-.:U. c} y -.!.1..,;:. _,; P
    minu fawwa9k
    twaggic haoeel
    t-talabaat? Who authorized you to
    sign these requests?
    .._jPJU faawa9
    ~ly .:lip:....... I

    III to negotiate with.

    .js- d... _,s:J.-1

    ~ Ju 4.5"" _rjl

    L,,H.l$:. s-sarika faawa9at 1-/;ukuuma

    cafa stiiraad mawaadd gioaa'iyya. The


    company negotiated with the government about importing foodstuffs.
    ~} faw9a

    disorder, confusion,

    chaos.
    ~_JAJ tafwii9 (v.n. from II .._?_,..J
    fawwa9) authorization, empowerment.

    4...PJW mufaawa9a (v.n. from III .._? Ju


    faawa9) negotiation.
    ~,~ fwg

    faag (J~yfuug) (with Js- cafa)


    to be superior to s.o., to beat s.o. (in
    sports, studies, etc.).
    ~ Ju
    ~L-ll ~ L.r?~\ jaag cafa kill
    l-mistarkiin ji 1-musaabaga. He beat
    all the participants in the contest.

    Ju

    J--5'"

    J_,..AJ tfawwag v
    /

    Js- cafa) =
    Js- u _,A; lf"!

    (with

    ~ ,ju faag cafa . ..;..,~

    LIJ".l.l1 ~ ~ binti tfawwagat cafa

    banaat $affha ji d-diraasa. My


    daughter beat her classmates in school
    studies.
    J~ foog (prep.)

    1. above, over. Jj

    .._?J ~\ foog l-'ar9 above the ground.


    j-o-:.JI J _,..J foog n-naxal doing very
    well, living very comfortably. 2. on,
    on top of. _).I J _,; foog 1-meez on top
    of the table, on the table. oJ~l J _,;
    foog s-sayyaara on top of the car. 3 .
    beyond, more than. ~U. J _,..J foog
    (aagti beyond my ability . ..l:ll J j foog
    /-/;add boundless, unlimited. J _,-.j \>..
    ..,...;:, . . ~. .'~\ yafoog 1-'imyat nafar. More
    than one hundred people came. 4 .
    (adv.) up, upstairs, above, on top . .:.r
    J _,....; minfoog from up (there). J j c_\J
    raal; foog. He went upstairs. ,y 1~1
    J _,..J btida min foog. He started from
    the top. J...L.:>- J _,...; foog l;adir upside
    down.

    ,..FJ} foogi

    located higher or above,


    higher, upper. ~ _,..JI JJ...LJI d-door
    1-foogi the uppe; floor. \l..i.._... ~i L.
    ~ _,..JI ~i ma 'abga haaoa; 'abga
    i-Joogi. I don't want this; I want the
    upper one.
    ~l.i} foogaani = -} j foogi.

    Jy.-A:.o mitfawwig (act. part. from V


    J ..,_.o; tfawwag) excellent, outstanding
    (person).

    'J,~

    fwl

    J_,..J fuul (coli.) fava beans.


    fuul suudaani peanuts.

    "J,~

    Jl.:l r

    J;

    fwl

    J_,..J fuul comprehensive, complete,


    full. ~ J_,....; L,?..J..:.>. cindifuul biima. I
    have comprehensive car insurance.
    Y' J.J~ fwl

    JJ \j faawil see under J .J I .J fa awl.

    490

    ll._j

    fy

    Jl#._j fyd
    ~U faad (~ yfiid) I. to benefit, help,
    be of use, be useful, helpful,
    beneficial. ~~J !.I~ l.l.J haaoa
    yfiidak waayid. This will help you a
    lot. ~ Lo .._j r.,? ~ L. ~ s-ma
    tsawwii-la ma yfiid. No matter what
    you do for him, it doesn't do any
    good. 2. to inform, let know, notify.
    .U~ L... ~ !.l.yi ~ xa!!ni 'afiidak
    b-sayy ma rcarfa. Let me inform you
    of something you have no knowledge
    of. o~-l:>:- .:..Lo _,L..c. u~~,; J G. ya
    w-faadna b-mac[uumaat yidiida. He
    came and let us in on new bits of
    information.

    ji I. at, in. ~I ~ fi /-beet at home.


    a......... J..U.I ~ ji 1-madrasa at school. ~
    !.I~ fi maxbaak in your pocket. J

    ~~ fi 1-l:zagiiga in fact.1ill

    0L.i

    ~ft

    'amaan 1-/aah! Good-bye! (lit., "in


    God's protection"). .]::-->- ~ ji xeer
    (adv.) (living) in abundance, (living)
    comfortably. 2. on. ~L:ll r.,?:a ~fi
    haaoi 1-munaasaba on this occasion.
    0~ ~ ~ fi xamsa niisaan on May
    5. 3. within, during. ~ e:_W-1 .l....j ~ j':i
    ~~i ~ laazim tsidd 1-mablag fi
    xamsat 'ayyaam. You must pay back
    the money within five days. 4. times,
    by, multiplied by. 0;-1'")\.;" 4:..-.. ~ ~
    xamsa fi sitta (}alaa(}iin. Five times six
    is thirty. o? ~ }-A ~ o_rd-1/-/:zijra
    xamsa mitir fi casara. The room is five
    meters by seven (width and length).
    ~ fii

    ~l.4:...,.,1

    to benefit, profit.
    oJL..-:!1 .:r- ..L>.-IJ ~\A::.... I stafaad waayid
    min t-tijaara. He benefited a lot from
    trade.

    I. there is. o y fii gahwa.


    There's coffee. ~ y L. mafii sayy.
    There's nothing. 2. there are. '-"'lj y
    J _,_.JI ~ ~~J fii naas waayid fi
    s-suug. There are a lot of people in the
    marketplace.
    ~ ~JLS' kaan fii I. there was.

    y 01.5'

    o* kaanfii gahwa. There was coffee.

    o~ ~ 0L..S" L... ma kaan fii gahwa.

    There was no coffee.

    2. there were.

    J _,...JI ~ ~.r J ~l>.- J y 01.5' kaan fii


    rayaayiil w-l:zariim fi s-suug. There
    were men and women in the marketplace.

    .;ucjJ Jytr

    ft:& feetar p. -iyya pipe fitter.

    stafaad X

    'afyad (elat.) I. (with .r min)


    more useful, beneficial than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most useful, beneficial.

    .LJi

    Q..l!U faayda p. ~I.} fawaayid I. usefulness, benefit, advantage. ~o-4\.AJI


    su l-faayda? What's the use? ill\...
    o~U r.,?i l~ ma lakfiiha 'ayy faayda.
    You don't have any (material) benefit
    in it. 2. interest (on money) ~~
    y';;l ~; 4......J.. o~U ~ 1-bankycati
    faayda xamsa fi 1-'imya. The bank
    gives a 5% interest.

    ~ mufiid useful, beneficial, advanta-

    geous .

    .. ..

    ($j($J fyzy

    l.t_r.i fiizya physics.

    491
    ~~~ fy{J
    ~U faa{) (~ yfii{J) to overflow,
    flow over, run over. J:>Li (,$UI ~\;;

    taanki 1-maay faa{). The water tank


    overflowed.
    i.J~ faya{Jaan (v.n.) 1. overflowing,

    flowing over. 2. (p. -aat) flood.


    ~U faayi{J (act. part.) having over-

    flowed. ~ li ~I n-nahir faayi{J. The


    river has overflowed. ~li t)_,....:JI
    (,$Ll~ s-sawaaric faay{Ja b-1-maay. The
    streets are flooded with water.

    J~~ fyl

    J.j fiil p. JL;JI fyaal elephant.


    ti.JU~~ fynry

    1$H ftenari p. t$.J\.;j fanaari refinery,


    oil refinery. (,$ ..l.....i"-t,; I :, (,$ _;....;. "'-J fi i
    feenari fi 1-'al)madi. There's an oil
    refinery at Ahmadi (in Kuwait).
    Ot,j~ fyo
    ~1_; fuwaayih

    rumor. ':J
    ._,-! ~li (,$h IJ~ _r-X Ia ddiir baa/!
    haaoi faayha bass. Don't worry! It's
    only a rumor.
    4-.+.IA faayha p.

    A.eifti see under 11...Jfy.

    I..L..J qada (common var. I~ gada)


    lunch.

    ~~a qaaf

    JU qaaf (less common var. gaaf)


    name of the letter J q.
    ~ .J ,.

    a qaamws

    j~ qarraz

    '-"'_JoOW qaamuus (less common var.


    gaammuus) dictionary. ~f' V'_,..u
    '-? ~i qaamuus carabi 'ingiliizi
    Arabic-English dictionary.
    ..J~a qbr
    ~

    qabir (less common var. gabir)


    grave, tomb. ~I .:.r" ~} ~ ~ o_,a~
    difanoo fi qabir gariib min /-beet.
    They buried him in a grave near the
    house. ~..UI ~ ~I ~ qabir n-nabi fi
    1-madiina. The tomb of the Prophet
    (Muhammad) is in Medina.
    o~

    maqbara (less common var.


    magbara) p . .r.U.. maqaabir cemetery,
    graveyard.
    '~~a qby
    ~ qabi (less common var. ~ gabi) p.

    -yyiin l. stupid, foolish. ~ LA ~


    qabi rna yiftihim. He's stupid. He
    doesn't understand. 2. stupid person.

    J.:;, a qtl
    J..:i qital

    (more common var. gital).


    See under J .:a~ gtl.

    ~J

    (j

    a qds.

    Ja

    ~..Ja qrz

    See under r.JM .1 ~ gds.

    qdy

    ~~

    tqadda V (common var. V c..>-W


    tgadda). See under I.J .1 gdy.

    II (common var. j~
    garras). See under ,j.Jt,grz.

    (j ..J J qry. See under I.J .J ~ gry.

    ,. a qsm. See under


    (j
    a q$y. See under I.J
    ~

    ~ r.JM

    JuJ

    t gsm.

    ~ ~ g$y.

    qnd
    ~

    qand (common var. ..ci- gand). See


    under .1 ut gnd.

    (j

    uJ

    ..JOJ

    qny

    See under I.J u gny.

    qhr

    _r+i qihar

    (~ yiqhar) 1. to annoy,

    irritate, upset. ...L.>.-IJ ~ ~ qiharni


    waayid. He annoyed me a lot. 2. to
    sadden, grieve. ~ J JL>..:;... ';;I ~ ~
    ~..UIJ fisal fi li-mti/:l.aan w-qihar
    waaldeena. He failed the examination
    and made his parents sad.
    ~I nqihar

    VII 1. to be or become
    annoyed, irritated, upset. 51~ o.;;...L;. 0Y
    ~~ ~~ leen Cal/amfa b-oank S-Sayy
    nqihar. When I told him about that
    matter, he got upset. 2. to be or
    become saddened, grieved. IJ~I
    JL....>..;...'j\ ~ ~ .s_j'j ~..UIJ nqahraw
    waa/deena linna fisal fi li-mti/:l.aan.
    His parents became sad because he
    failed the examination.

    qahar (v.n. from~ qihar) grief,


    sadness. ~I ;.r-- ..:..L.. maat min

    493

    1-qahar. He died of grief.

    b-qahar
    unwillingly.~ o.l,.:.\; ...:..A.tiJ waafagat
    taaxoa b-qahar. She agreed to take
    him (as husband) unwillingly.

    o~L..Jll

    1-qaahira (less common var.


    1-gaahira) Cairo. \.:...._.j .fJ o~L..All l...:> J
    ril:zna 1-qaahira w-twannasna. We
    went to Cairo and had a good time.

    (j.JJlJ qwry
    ~J} quuri (common var. <.$;~ guuri)

    p. <.?}r-J qawaari, <..?)~ gawaari tea


    kettle, teapot.
    (j~JJ qwzy
    ~j~ quuzi (common var.
    guuzi). See under .:,_,e_gwz.

    (j J J qwy. See under l,j _, ~ gwy.

    .J 'i J qyr. See under .J l,j t gyr.

    <.?j~

    ~.J~.J I~ kaawcwk

    .J I~ kaar

    .)\.S' kaar p. -aat job, business, voca-

    !)~JIS' kaawcuuk (coil.) rubber,

    tion. oJ~~ ~~) JLS:J1 !II~ ~..u


    haddeet
    oaak
    1-kaar w-stagalt
    b-t-tijaara. I quit that job and became
    a businessman.

    caoutchouc.

    ~ ,J .J I ~

    'i J ,J I ~

    JJIS' kaawli p. -yya vagabond, tramp.

    . .

    ulu~

    kaaruuk

    broiled on a skewer. yl$" ~ kaleet


    I ate kabob. y~ ~ _yL.
    kabaab.
    maacuun kabaab kabob dish, dish of
    kabob.

    baby cradle. j-:-JI J->- !I )JlS' ~~~


    stireet kaaruuk /:tagg f-cayyil. I bought
    a cradle for the baby.

    ~IS' kaasi (coli.) tiles. s. -yya. ~


    ~t5:.JI l:!~l

    .:.to:'~

    1. cupboard. y
    ~~ J ~l.r fii muwaaciin fi
    1-kabat. There are pots and pans in the
    cupboard. 2. wardrobe. J .v )..u ..b.
    ~I /:taft hduuma fi 1-kabat. He put
    his clothes in the wardrobe .

    kaagd

    .U:.LS kaagid (coli.) paper. s. -a p.


    .J..J.I__,s'" kawaagid sheet, piece of paper.
    ...IS:.U <.j.J..:.s. \... ma c;ndi kaagid. I don't
    have paper. il>. ...IS:-\5"' kaagid jam sand-

    paper.

    I~

    kaaf

    JIS' kaaf name of the letter !I k.


    I.J ,. I ~ kaamraa

    l...e--IS' kaamra p. -aat camera.


    u.Ju I~ kaanwn

    iJyL.5 kaanuun, as in J} ~_,.;U


    kaanuun 'awwal December. J~ ~_,.;IS"'
    kaanuun 8aani January.

    kbt

    ~ kabat p. -aat

    WI ,y 4il \... cugub-ma

    ntiheena min 1-bina slireena 1-kaasi.


    After we were through with the
    construction we bought the tiles.

    .lt I~

    kbaab

    "-:A.$' kabaab (coli.) kabob, meatballs

    ~ J.Jl.S' kaaruuk p. ~)" kuwaaariik

    t,J elM I ~ kaasy

    kaawly

    .lU~

    kbd

    ~ kabd (more common var. cabd) .

    See under ..1 ~ tl cbd.


    .J to:' ~ kbr

    ~ kubar (~ yikbar) 1. to grow,


    become large and big. \....) ..::.; ~ ~~
    4-- )f. J _,_II CJ} /-hint kubrat w-ma
    truu/:t s-suug b-ruul:z/:ta. The girl has
    grown and she won't go to the marketplace alone. J~ ~ i j'J) ..::.; ~ ~~
    _r.-S"i ~ caaylatna kubrat w-laazim
    nintagil 'ila beet 'akbar. Our family
    became too big and we have to move
    to a larger house.

    495

    uud

    ,;-:5

    ~ takbiir (v.n. from II ~ kabbar)

    kabbar II 1. to make big, large,


    enlarge, amplify, widen. ~I U ~
    ..~.,__:,.IJ kabbarna /-beet waayid.
    We
    made the house very big. ll, ~ l~l
    ~~
    ~~ 'ioa tkabbir haaoa
    f-caks cam ykallifni? If you enlarge
    this photograph, how much will it cost
    me? 2. to praise, glorify (God). IJ~
    ~~ o)L...:, 1_,1.....) kabbaraw W-$al/aw
    $alaat $-$ub/:z. They praised God and
    prayed the morning prayer.

    1. enlarging, enlargement, amplifying.


    ~J~4..........i'-~~l ~takbiir
    f-caks ykallifxamsa dirhim. Enlarging
    the photograph costs five dirhams. 2.
    praise, glorification (of God).
    3.
    saying, p--S'i 11 "'a!!aahu 'akbar. "
    God is the greatest.

    r-5'

    ~ tkabbar V

    1. to be enlarged. \..p.
    ~ L..... ~I haf-caks ma yitkabbar.
    This photograph cannot be enlarged.
    2. (with ~ cafa) to be overbearing
    toward s.o. ~J ~ ~ ~ Ia
    titkabbar cafa rabcak. Don't look
    down upon your people.

    ~ mukabbir (act. part. from II ~


    kabbar) p. -aat amplifier . ..:..> _,....JI ~
    mukabbir $-$OOt loudspeaker.

    u (j.J ~ d kbryt
    ~~ kabriit (more common var.
    cabriit). See under .:;, IS ..J ":" ti cbryt.
    1.)-'l ~

    ~ kabiisa: ~
    leap year.

    ,;-:5

    kubur (v.n. from ~ kubar) I.


    size, largeness. 2. old age .. ~ -:J _;J
    0 ~) 0 _r;-S' Lr" ~
    tguuliin seeba.
    s-cafeena min kubra w-zugra. you
    say, "An old man." We have nothing
    to do with his old age or youthfulness.
    His old age and youthfulness are not
    important to us. 3. age. j:J-1.) ...:...-;(
    ~ !J ~ 'inta oall:ziin s-kubrak? How
    old are you now? !o~ ~ _y JL>.. J
    rayyaal cood s-kubra! What an old
    man he is!
    ~ kabiir, Cibiir p. )_,f kbaar I. big,

    large. .r:-f ~ beet Cibiir big house.


    2. old . .r:-f JL>.. J rayyaal Cibiir old
    man. o_r--$J1 ~ binti c-Cibiira my
    oldest daughter.

    _pSi

    'akbar (elat.) 1. (with if min)


    bigger, larger than. 2. (with foll. n.)
    the oldest, the biggest.

    d kbs
    L

    sana kabiisa

    1..1"'y.lS" kaabuus nightmare, incubus.

    ~ makbas p . ....,....,LS::... makaabis


    packing house for dates.

    '-"'~ makbuus (common var.


    macbuus) 1. cooked rice (usually with
    meat and raisins). 2. (p.p.) having
    been pressed or squeezed.

    ~~d kbs
    ~ kabs (more common var. cabS).
    See under Ji. ":" ti cbS.
    I..)AJ J ~ d

    kbws

    kabbuus p. ~L:S' kabaabiis


    (Western) hat. V'y.5J1 ~ L. J. nil:zin
    ma nilbis 1-kabbuus. We don't wear
    Western hats.

    1.)"'_,_$

    uud ktb
    ~ kitab (~ yiktib) 1. to write
    down, write, record. ~l......i ~~ 'iktib

    496

    'asaamiihum. Write down their names.


    ...s..rl~ ~~ ~ kitabt 'asmi
    b-t-carabi~ I wrote my name in Arabic.
    .h.__,.:.. .J ..::_.$' kitabt-la xa(t. I wrote him
    a letter. 2. to leave s.th. in one's will,
    bequeath. ~ ~I ~WI .!..U ~
    ~\ kitabt-lit li-bnaaya lli cafa
    s-siif. In my will I left you the building

    store .

    ~l..S"' kaatib 1. (act. part. from ~


    kitab) having written. ..h...;L.i ._,..;LS y.
    huwa kaatib 1-xatf. He's the one w~o
    has written the letter. 2. (p. . . ,.A..S
    kittaab) a: author, writer. b: clerk,
    clerical employee.

    ~ kattab II to make write. ~


    v .J...L..J\ J.--.5' kattabna kill d-dars. He
    made us write the whole lesson.

    o.:J ~ maktuub (p.p. from~ kitab)


    foreordained, predestined.
    (prov.)
    y Jri-" -.....;s. L. y _,....:Sll 1-maktuub ma
    canna mahruub. Whatever will be,
    will be. (lit., "What's written cannot

    ~I nkitab VII pass. of~ kitab.

    be avoided.").

    on the beach.

    o.:Jl." ktaab (common var. kitaab) p.


    ~ kutub 1. book. yl:SJI ~i 'ahil
    li-ktaab people who have sacred
    scriptures, usually, Christians and
    Jews. 2. business letter.
    ~l;S"

    J u d ktf

    '!J ud

    See under .J u 7i ctf

    ktly

    .)5 kitli p. JI.::S"' kataali teakettle.


    f"ud ktm
    ~ kitam (~ yiktim) to conceal,
    keep s.th. secret. .J...I..O.: \.... -~ .J JAi ~
    ~~ ~ Ia tgul-la sayy. .. ma yigdar

    ktaaba (common var. kitaaba)


    (v.n. from ~ kitab) writing, handwriting. ~L:>:.ll ~) ~I _,A.)\ .._j ~ L. ma
    ycarf li-graaya wala li-ktaaba. He

    yiktim s-sirr. Don't tell him anything.

    can't read or write.

    He can't keep a secret.

    W.

    (l..S"' kaatim:

    katiiba p. '-:-:!\.::5"' kataayib battal-

    ion, regiment.

    the muffler.

    ~ maktab p. ._,..;l5:.. makaatib 1.


    office. ~ ~UI ~~ .)..J....: ydiss
    l-maktab s-saaca tisic. He enters the

    kept secret.

    office at nine o'clock. -4p-JI

    maktab

    l-bariid the post office.

    2.

    bureau.

    ~ maktaba p. -aat !.library.?


    ;;__,._..~\

    sity

    maktabat 1-yaamca the univer-

    library. ~~ .:..,--- 0!-!l....:S"' ~

    ~ _,JI tsallaft ktaabeen min l-maktaba

    1-wataniyya. I borrowed two books


    from the national library.

    2. book-

    ...::..>

    _r-:JI fiS' kaatim ~-~oat

    ~~ maktuum (p.p.) 1. concealed,


    2. classified (e.g., letter,
    correspondence, etc.).

    ,;6d k()r

    ;5 ki()ar (~ yak8ir)
    ful. \;;_.;j\ .)

    fo

    1. to be plentiJW.\ li-x(iaar tak()ir

    ji s-sita. Vegetables become plentiful


    in the winter. 2. to increase, multiply.

    ~ .J--!i 0L ~...u.. JS ki()ar cadad


    sikkaan 'abu (iabi. The population of
    Abu Dhabi has increased a lot. (prov.)

    4L

    ...::..>

    ;s ~~ cL.b \~['ioa taa~

    497
    1-biciir kiOrat sicaaciina. When it
    rains, it pours. Misfortune comes in
    groups.

    J5 ka()()ar

    II 1. to increase, augment,
    make more of. ~ (,>WI l) }:.!JI ?
    kaOOir s-sakar ji c-caay /:zaggi. Put a
    lot of sugar in my tea. _r-.'ll ~..;.#- ? 11
    'a!!a ka()()ar cateena 1-xeer. God gave
    me a lot of wealth. .!...UL:...i ,;r 11 ?
    ka()()ar a!!a min 'am()aalak. May God
    allow more of the likes of you. 2. to
    overdo s.th., to go to extremes. fo ':}
    !~")l..5JI Ia tka()()ir 1-ka/aam! Don't talk
    so much.

    )LS:J tkaaOar VI to multiply, grow in


    number. (,>~ l) ~ _,.......-.1 ;~ C. L..:.,...U\
    d-diyaay yitkaa()ar b-surca ji
    haaoi 1-mazraca. Chickens multiply
    quickly on this farm.
    "-....J;..J)\

    ~I stakOar X to consider excessive, regard as too much . ...::..>~I


    ~\ stakOart s-sicir.
    I thought the
    price was too high. ;; }"!...J1 ~ .fo.-1
    stakOar calayya s-sayyaara.
    He
    thought I didn't deserve the car.

    ;.5 kiOir amount. pJI i..2> L:,~ catni


    hal-kiOir. Give me this mu~h.
    J-i
    ~} ~ gul-li s-ki8ir triid. Tell me
    how much you want. (prov.) _;.S
    .JL-J-1 ~ )~\ ki8ir t-takraar
    ycallim li-/:zmaar. (lit., "Repetition

    teaches donkeys.").
    ~ kaOiir
    J (Z.J

    See .J.:,.IJ waayid under

    wjd.

    a;.5 ka()ra

    abundance, large quantity,


    great number. o~ b-ka8ra in
    abundance. (prov.) ~l>.....';JI ~ o_;s:JI
    l-ka8ra tgalib s-sajaaca. Numbers

    beat bravery. Strength in numbers.

    _;.51

    'ak()ar (elat.)
    1. (with ,;r min)
    more than. I~ ,:.r- _;.Si 'akOar min
    haaoa more than this. _;S'~I Js- cata
    l-'ak8ar most probably, most likely.
    ~ j'YJI ,;_r _;S'i 'ak8ar min 1-/aazim more
    than necessary. 2. (with foil. n.) the
    most, most of the. ~ j:JI _;S'i 'ak8ar
    1-kuu/iyya most of the coolies.

    ~j5i 'akOariyya majority. ~_;S'~I


    J..~ y. .Y'

    1-'ak()ariyya mawjuudiin. The


    majority are present. ._,..LJI L:!_;S'i
    'akOariyyat n-naas most of the people.

    cc~ kl:zl:z

    t;5'

    kal:z/:z (~ ykil:z/:z) to cough . .:>\5'"

    PJ ~ J~/'

    caan marii(J
    w-ykil:z/:z. He was sick,
    running a temperature and coughing.
    w-m~axxan

    ~ kal:zl:za

    1. (v.n.) coughing. o..~..:.&


    hS c;nda kal:z/:za gawiyya. He has
    a bad cough. 2. a cough.
    ~j

    Jc~ kl:zl

    ~ kal:zl:zal

    II to put kohl on one's


    eyes, beautify (eyes) with kohl. ..:...bS
    0 _;----! ~) 4 .r.? kal:z/:zalat cyuunha
    w-tlacat barra. She put kohl on her
    eyes and went out.
    (prov.) ~
    L....t.~ ~ yibga ykal:zl:zilha
    camaaha.
    He wanted to improve
    things, but he made them worse.

    ~ tkal:zl:zal V to beautify the eyes


    with kohl. of. ...:......11 J ~ tkal:zl:zalat
    w-tzacat barra. She put on eye makeup and went out.
    ~ kul:zul (coil.) kohl, eye cosmetic.

    J~ kuhuul (coli.) alcohol.

    498
    ~ kf:tee/a p. -aat 1. well-bred she-

    camel. 2. thoroughbred mare. (prov.)


    ~ ~ ~I t. ~ baac li-k/:teela
    b-casa lee/a. Penny wise and pound
    foolish.

    tt~ lcxx

    t::;5 kixx (invar.) (baby talk)

    u.JU..J~ krtwn

    1J_j.}' kartoon (coll.) heavy paper, thin


    s. -a sheet of 0 ~..?
    cardboard.

    kartoon.
    .,)..) ~ krd

    4$~.;5 kurdi 1. Kurdish. 2. (p . .)\_?i


    'akraad) Kurd, person from Kurdistan.

    Icky! It's

    dirty. Don't touch it!

    ..J..J~ krr

    .J .J ~ kdd

    ).;5 karrar II to repeat, do again, do


    repeatedly . .W_;i
    J_?.; ':} Ia tkarrir
    il/i 'aguu/a. Don't repeat what I say.

    J.5 kadd (~ ykidd) to work hard,

    JJI

    labor, toil. J...S ~ ~ ~ leen


    yistagil ykidd kadd. Whenever he
    works, he works very hard.

    J~ tkarrar
    karrar.

    JS kadd (v.n.) toil, labor, hard work.

    ..;"' kiddas

    mule.

    ~..}' kirsi p. <$""\~ karaasi chair. y


    ~I <) ~ ~ J ~ fii kanaba

    I.L.S'"J l.i...S" kaoa w-kaoa. See under

    w-kirsiyyeen fi /-may/is. There are a


    sofa and two chairs in the living room.

    coy.

    u .j~ kOb
    .....,.Jj$' kioab, etc. See under ":' ,j ti cob.

    ~..J~ krs
    ~.;5 kars p . ..;

    cj uI..J ~ kraany

    belly.

    ~I.}' karraani p. -yya clerk. ~


    Jl~

    IJJ-J..J' karboon carbon. IJ_J-J.~ J JJ


    warag karboon carbon paper.

    .,5

    kart p. -aat, ..:.. J~ kruut card.


    ..:.. }JI lh V';1 'itris haaoa !-kart. Fill
    in this card.
    ..::.J

    belly, pot

    U'Jj--A

    w..?

    r..? J:.iL.....) karsa matruus cees


    w-laf:tam w-simac w-ma dri s-bacad.
    His belly is full of rice, meat, fish, and
    I don't know what else . ..}~ y.i 'ubu
    kars glutton, heavy eater.

    krbwn

    u..J~ krt

    J_,s kruus

    .:.L-; 1.-J-. J ~

    yistagil karraani. He works as a

    clerk.

    U,J ~..) 4!J

    J.?'

    '-""..) ~ krs

    I:S~ kOaa
    ~ ,jti

    pass. of II

    )~ mkarrar (p.p. from II J.?'


    karrar)
    having
    been repeated,
    reiterated.

    ~.,~ kds

    ~JS kidiis p . ..; kuds,

    U .}' kara p. -aat stomach.

    t..J 4!J

    /crC

    kraac p. -iin, JU.~ kircaan


    lower leg and foot of a sheep or cow
    (esp. as food).

    t,.I_;-S'

    499

    'I I ~ .J ..d

    krfaay

    l.tli kirfaaya p. -aat bed. r_rll 0.r->


    .Ml......t~ ~ l;.ijrat n-noom fiiha
    kirfaayteen. There are two beds in the
    bedroom.
    ~.J..d krm

    ~.;5 kiram (r ~ yikram) (with J.;


    cafa) to be generous to s.o. ~ \.j .f.:-"
    l....;#- r~) sayyarna cafee w-kiram
    cafeena. We went to visit him (in his
    home) and he was generous to us.
    ~.;5 karram II to honor, treat with
    respect (and food) . .J~I 0y~ y _,.JI
    J-carab ykarrmuun 1-xu{{aar.
    The
    Arabs honor guests.1il1..!)..,. ~ ~b ~
    karramtana; karramk a!!a. You were
    extremely nice to us; may God honor
    you.

    ~~ tkarram v (with J.; cafa) to


    show &enerosity to s.o. ~ ~ r~
    <L...p.- J Jll ~ ~ ~ tkarram cafeena
    b-kill sayy; bayya(J a!!a weeyha. He
    was very generous to us; may God
    make him happy. ~ ! .!l.,.....s- JLb
    ~ .!l.J~ ~ r~ {aal cumrak!
    mumkin titkarrarn ca[eena b-soorak?
    May you live long! Will you honor us
    with your decision?
    ~.;5 karam generosity, magnanimity.

    r~~ .:.1-.JJ 6

    y ~I

    f-carab
    mashuuriin b-1-karam. The Arabs are
    famous for (their) generosity.

    'L-oi.J' karaama

    nobility,

    honor,

    dignity.

    (t""t.J'

    kariim p. -iin, L. ~ kurama 1.


    generous, magnanimous.
    ~ J~l
    ~~ w~ .)~ li-bdiwi mashuur

    b-'anna kariim. A bedouin is known


    by the fact that he's generous. 2.
    noble, eminent, distinguished. ~~
    J":J.>. \II kariim 1- 'axlaag noble-minded.
    ~ ~~ kariim ceen (euphemism for)
    one-eyed.
    ~_;S'i 'akram (elat.)

    1. (with .:.r- min)


    more generous, etc., than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most generous, etc.
    ~If! 'ikraamiyya p. -aat bonus.

    u(j .:, u.J ..d

    krntyn

    ;if

    karantiina p. -aat quarantine


    (place in which people under
    quarantine are kept) . ..:.~ ~ ~~ oJ~ J
    lp-J' o~ waddoo 1-karantiina linna
    cinda koleera. They took him to the
    quarantine because he had cholera.

    :i

    6.J ..d krh

    of

    karah (o ~ yikrah) to hate, detest,


    loathe. ~~ cj ~~ o~ yikrah
    s-sugul fi 1-leel. He hates work at
    night.

    o.;5 karrah II to make hate, cause to


    hate. o41 ~ ~ 0;l ~J....p Js- ~ J1;
    (Jail y}J.aCi cafa $idiiji leen !dzrrahniyyaa. He kept saying bad things about
    my friends until he made me hate him.
    o~I nkarah VII pass. of o~ karah.
    .........A.i o~ ~ o~l nkirahyacni karrah
    nafsa.
    "nkirah " means he made
    himself hated.
    o.J' kurh (v.n. from o~ karah) hatred,
    hate. ~ .:.r" 0 ~~ 1-kurh min siimta.
    Hatred is one of his qualities.

    OJ~ makruuh (p.p. from o~ karah)


    hated, detested, hateful.

    500

    I.:' I)..)~ krhb

    lower the price.

    ~.;! karhab (less common var. ~~


    kahraba) electricity .
    ~ JlS:.li u,
    (,)L- J ~.? <I...J hal-rnukaan baciid
    laakin fii karhab w-rnaay. This place
    is far, but it has electricity and water.

    .:.fJ

    .JJ ~ krw

    oJ.rS' karwa p. -aat wage, fare, charge.


    J..A.li U, y y j.-WI oJ.? karwat 1-caarnil
    rnuub hal-gadd. A workman's wage
    doesn't go far.

    f" .J.; ~ krwrn

    J.rS'

    kroorn chrome. l) J.:.W.... ~


    .r-')1 ~ J i J~l J-!..o J~ fii
    rnacaadin fi cayrnaarn rni8illi-kroorn
    w-l}iyar 1-rnarrnar. There are metals in
    Ajman such as chrome and marble.

    f" 'i.; ~ kryrn

    uJ kreerna p. -aat pudding (made of


    milk, eggs, and sugar).
    U(jJ~ kryn

    J,..;! kreen p. -aat crane (machine).


    I.:' l,jM ~ ks b
    ~ kisab (~ yiksab). See l:'!J
    ribab under C":"J rbb.

    (J II.:' u

    I,)M ~

    l)t:

    5'

    .;~~ ksr

    ,;-5' kisar (~ yaksir) I. to break,


    shatter, fracture. iUI ~ kisar
    1-jaarn. He broke the glass. 2. to break
    (fig.) (,) _).l_:..:. .r-5' kisar xaa{ri. He
    made me sad. l) ~L:A)I ~ )l_r-S
    J---- ~)II J~ kisar r-ragarn 1-giyaasi
    fi sibaag 1-'irnyat rnitir. He broke the
    record in the I 00-meter dash.
    .;-5'

    II I. to smash, shatter.
    _rS kassar gfaa~ 1-rnaay.
    He smashed the water glass. 2. to
    break up. .JS"I,j )' u-! j_,):-1 _rS kassir
    1-jooz bass Ia taakla. Break the
    walnuts and don't eat them.
    kassar

    (,)Lll ._r>'"j..,S

    ~ tkassar pass. of II _rS kassar.

    ~I nkisar VII I. = V ~
    tkassar. 2. to be defeated, destroyed.
    ~I y _r---=- l) ~l_rll ~I ~I
    nkisar 1-jee li-craagi fi barb 1-xaliij.
    The Iraqi army was defeated in the
    Gulf War.
    3. to go bankrupt, be
    broken. 45' ~I w ..r--<.il nkisrat
    s-sarika. The company went bankrupt.

    ,;-5'

    kstbaan
    kistbaan.

    ~L....S" kasaad (v.n.) recession, depres-

    sion.

    See

    under

    uI "=".;:, JM cl kStbaan.
    Ji,jM~ ksd

    J-S' kisad (~ yiksad) to find no


    market, sell badly. 1~1 ..l.-50 ~~~ u,
    ~I ~; L.. hal-bi(Jaaca tiksad 'ioa
    rna traxxi~ s-sicir. There won't be a
    market for these goods if you don't

    kasir p. J_r----S kusuur fracture,


    break. ~I l) .r-5' kasir fi [-ca(Jirn
    fracture of the bone.

    .r.-SJ taksiir (v.n. from II _rS kassar)


    1. smashing, shattering.
    up (of nuts, etc.).

    2. breaking

    J~l nkisaar (v.n. from VII _,-S:.;1


    nkisar) defeat, rout. y _rlJ JL.S:.;1 1..0.
    JL.S':.;1 ~ L.. haaoa nkisaar laf-carab
    rna cugba nkisaar.

    This is a defeat

    501

    unparalleled by any other defeat for


    the Arabs.

    o)I-$' kassaara p.

    -aat 1. nutcracker.
    j_r= ;;.JL.......S kassaarat jooz walnut
    cracker. 2. crusher, wrecker. ;;.JW"'
    ~ kassaarat $axar rock crusher.

    )~ rnaksuur (p.p. from _r-S" kisar)


    1. broken, smashed . .)~ rl:l,.l l-jaarn
    rnaksuur. The glass is broken. 2. out
    of order. ;; .J~ \~ L.. ~lll
    l-rnaakiina rna tistagil; rnaksuura. The
    machine doesn't work; it's out of
    order.
    3. bankrupt. ;;.J~ d.5'.r=JI
    s-sarika rnaksuura. The company is
    bankrupt.

    ~ rnkassar (p.p. from II ~


    kassar)
    I. smashed, shattered. il..;.,.
    ~ jaarn rnkassar smashed glass. 2.
    broken up. ~ jy.- jooz rnkassar
    broken walnuts.

    rnkassaraat

    walnuts,

    almonds, etc.
    l..i~~ ksf

    ~ tkassaf V

    to be humiliated.
    .JUL..~:; -.5_,-.JI ~ U"UI il..li ~
    ~L,.:. tkassafjiddaam n-naas ji s-suug
    linna rna caan ~wayim. He was
    humiliated in front of the people in the
    marketplace because he wasn't fasting.

    ~I nkisaf VII 1. = V ~
    tkassaf. 2. to be eclipsed. ~I
    i~ W...UI ..:...JL.....,.,) ~I nkisfat
    s-sarns W-$aarat d-dinya f)alaam. The
    sun was eclipsed and it became dark.
    ~ kasiif

    I. useless, worthless.

    ~ ..L.>-IJ ..:.......ii 'inta waa~id kasiif.


    You are a useless person.~ i'YS'

    kalaarn kasiif idle talk. 2. bad, horrible. ~ L.ll>- f:zaala kasiifa bad
    situation, predicament.
    ~L...-5" kasacifa = ~ Ul>- f:zaala

    kasiifa misery, predicament.~~~


    .,_;L___..S"" ~_,..ill U. s-sakan ji hal-firiij
    kasaafa. Living in this neighborhood
    is misery.
    . j_,__5 kusuufso!ar eclipse. Jl.k ,J_,z
    ~I j _r->-) ._,-.:JI j _y-S" , .!.\ ~

    nguul, taal curnrak, "kusuuf s-sarns


    w-xusuuf 1-gurnar." We say, may you
    live long, "solar eclipse and lunar
    eclipse."
    JV"~ ksl

    J...-S kassal

    II to make lazy . .}--:JI L2.

    ~ has-$ugul kassalni. This kind of

    work made me lazy.

    J.-.-S'

    kasal laziness, sluggishness.


    ~I ~ ..h.__,.All ~ _rl-1 l-l:zarr fi
    l-geer) ysabbib 1-kasal. Hot weather in
    the summer causes laziness.
    w'J.-,.S' kas/aan 1. lazy, indolent. ~I;,
    .J'j._S. . ...IJ;.\.i daayman gaacid. kaslaan.
    He's always sitting down. He's lazy.
    2. (p. .:_r;,'":}._._S" kaslaaniin, ~L.......S
    kasaala) lazy person.

    J.-.Si

    'aksal (elat.) l.(with,ymin)


    more indolent, lazy, etc. 2. (with foil.
    n.) the most indolent, lazy, etc.

    1:? '-"" ~

    ksy. See under 'i '-'"' ri esy.

    u~~ leSt

    ...:.......!5 kisat (~yakSit) to go on a


    picnic, have an outing. _r:; 6.1::-l L.:..:S
    \..:...__; j)

    kisatna lee/at gumar


    w-twannasna. We went on a picnic on

    502

    a moonlit night and had a good time.

    ..::..-..::5 kassat II to take s.o. on a


    picnic. ~~ ~ ~ L. ~ led rna
    tkassitna ya yuba? Why don't you
    take us on a picnic, Dad?
    ~ kasta p. -aat picnic, outing. ~

    ~ ~ _y L: ~ .:..;->- callimna can


    kastatkum ya xuuy. Tell us about your
    picnic, brother.

    l)
    ~I J>- LI-..1.>.-IJ 4;L.;S ~ fi /-gee{}
    tba~~il kassaata waaydiin cafa s-siif.
    In the summer, you find many
    picnickers on the beach.
    ..:,L.!.,S"' kassaat p. -a picnicker.

    uI ~ u ~ cl

    kStbaan

    .;~cl kSr

    kassar (~ ykassir) to show


    one's teeth, bare one's teeth.~ l~l
    Jl...A...?- ~ 'ioa ykassir yacni bamgaan.
    If he shows his teeth, it means he's
    angry.

    _r;,.5'

    ~~cl kSs

    J.5' kass (~ ykiss) I. (withy can)


    to refrain from. JS'~I y ._;S kass can
    1-'akil. He refrained from eating. 2. to
    shrink. ~ ...,_, _,.jl u j.--Ai l~l 'ioa
    tgasil ha8-8oob ykiSS. If you wash this
    dress, it will shrink.
    L.!S' kassa p. -aat thick lock of hair.

    l)~ kistbaan (less common var.


    J~ kistbaan) p. ~L.:S kisaatbiin

    thimble.

    !~I 4--=" s-hal-kassa! What thick


    lock of hair this is! ~ y.i 'ubu kassa
    one who has thick long hair.

    ~~cl kSf

    t~cl kSx
    ~ kisax

    elegantly dressed today .

    (p yikSax) to show off,

    be boastful, brag. o..J..o..l:l:-1 <\..0 J~ ~


    kisax b-hduuma 1-yidiida. He showed
    off with his new clothes.
    'i
    ~ J ..:.LJ...oi J _;>- lii (,S"I..U !a tikSax
    jiddaami. 'aana carf 'a~lak w-fa~lak.
    Don't brag in my presence. I know
    your origin and ancestry.

    ~ kasxa

    I. showing off, bragging, boasting. ~~~ u ~J ~


    cafa wees hal-kasxa? Why this showing off? 2. elegance.
    !JL.u !JL.u
    !~I u
    tacaali! tacaali! suu
    hal-kasxa! Come! Come! You look
    elegant.

    ~l$"' kaasix p. -iin wearing elegant

    clothes. ~I.) (_,_)I ..:.U_,....;.i 'asuufak


    l-yoom kaasix. I see that you are

    ,.j_.;.S' ki,~af (~yakS if) I. to un-

    cover, unveil, remove a covering or a


    lid. ~~~J~'i Ia
    tkasfiin 1-veehic teen titfaciin. Don't
    uncover your face when you go out.
    .!.l..y ~ ':1 ._;L>- J _yUI 1-maacuun
    baarr. Ia tkasfa b-yaddak. The pot is
    hot. Don't uncover it with your hand.
    2. (with ~ cata) to inspect, investigate, examine. ~ ~ ~I_; 4.:~1
    ~I u y.)l l-baladiyya raayba tikSif
    caza
    li-byuut
    s-sacbiyya.
    The
    municipal council is going to inspect
    the low income housing. 3. (with ,)scala) to examine (medically). ~
    ~..i ~- 11 <J iL_ji i j':J Ju J J->-..l.ll ~
    kisaf cafayya d-daxtar w-gaallaazim
    'anaam ji 1-mustasji. The doctor

    503

    examined me, and said that I had to be


    hospitalized.

    ~) 01_,.....>- .::.-...:5" cint f:zarraan


    w-tkassaft. I was hot and threw off the
    covers.

    ~I nkisaf VII

    C. LC kifaaf:z struggle, fight.

    to be revealed,
    disclosed. ~ J--5" ~~ ~u
    half:ziin nkisaf kill saw. Now everything has been revealed.

    c.\. kifaaf:z.

    ,J~d kfr

    kifar (~ yakfur) not to believe


    (in God), to be irreligious, be an infidel. .1,~ ~ yakfur b-'a!!a. He
    doesn't believe in God . .:..;-- Jt....s; L..
    ~ \.1,1 ma yxaaf min a!!a; yakfur.
    He doesn't fear God; he's sacrilegious.

    .,;-AS'

    ~ kaif (v.n. from~ kisa/) 1.

    .,;-AS' kaffar II 1. to curse, to blaspheme. JLA.r 0~ ~ ~J ~


    ysibb w-ykaffir leen ykuun f:zamgaan.
    He curses and blasphemes when he is
    mad. 2. to infuriate, madden.. ~ _;5'
    !.)Ls. ..!.l...Al.>- ~ ~ kaffartani. m~ $$ik
    f:zaljak caad! You're infuriating. Why
    don't you shut up! 3. to atone, make
    amends, do penance. ~ J ~ 1~1
    ~j~ .:./' ~ ~) 'ioa tf:zijj w-l$alli
    w-l$UUm tkaffir can onuubak. If you go
    on pilgrimage, pray, and fast, you'll
    atone for your sins.

    JL..!S'

    kassaaf p. -a boy scout. _;j


    JLS nuur kassaaf search light.

    Jl..!.::S'I ktisaafp. -aat discovery.

    J ~ maksuuf (p.p. from .....L!S


    kisa/)
    l. uncovered, unveiled. 2.
    open, evident. ;u~ U .J J wruga
    makSuufa card lying face up. ~
    J ~ f:zaCi makSuuf frank -talk.
    ......; ~\s. caf-makSuuf openly. L1,:.
    J ~\s. ~ xa{{na nitkallam
    caf-makSuuf Let's talk openly.

    , e -~...

    muktasif (act. part. from VIII


    ~~ ktisa/) explorer, discoverer.

    ~ d k.Sm. See under f' JM ~ csm.

    td

    w~ mkaafaf:za =

    ~~ ktisaf VIII to discover, find


    out, detect. ~~.J"'i ~~ .:..;-- man
    ktisaf 'amriika? Who discovered
    America? Jb:. <l..il ~~ ktisaft 'inna
    muf:ztaal. I found out that he was a
    swindler.

    inspecting, inspection, examining. 2.


    (p . ......; y::.S kSuuf, -aat) report, account.
    ~ ~ kasf tibbi medical
    examination.

    r:!IS' kaafaf:z

    III to fight against, struggle against, combat. I) ..;..l_;..i.:>J.I ~tS:;


    JL.5:.. J.-.5' nkaa.fif:z li-mxaddaraat ji kill
    mukaan. We are fighting against drugs
    everywhere.

    ~ tkassaf V to uncover oneself.

    f1"

    c~d kfo.

    kcb. See under~ t ~ ccb.

    )L5

    kaafir (act. part. from _;5' kifar)


    p. _;US' kiffaar atheist, infidel, unbeliever. j\S .1,~ ifY Lo ...L>IJ
    kill
    waai;Jid ma yaamin b-a!!a kaafir.
    Anyone who doesn't believe in God is
    an atheist.

    J5'

    J~d kfl

    J.AS'

    kifal (~ yikfa/) to be responsible, liable, answerable for s.o., post

    504
    bail for s.o., vouch for s.o. 45"'.,...:JI
    ~ s-sarika tikfalni. The company
    will be responsible for me. The company will be my sponsor. ...l>Lo 1~1
    ._!.WI l.r' U"_,..Lill ~ ;..L.Z L. '~
    'ioa mal:zlJ,ad yikfalk, ma tigdar tl;za~~il
    li-fluus min /-bank If you don't have
    anyone to cosign for you, you cannot
    get the money from the bank . .J.A5"' oy.i
    r-'";:::. ~4 'ubuu kif/a b- 'alfeen dirhim.
    His father posted bail for him in the
    amount oftwo thousand dirhams.

    government.

    u~ ~

    ~ kifa (~ yikfi) to be enough, to


    be sufficient. ~~ J_,....b ~ IL
    haaoa yikfiini tuul l;zayaati. This is
    enough for me for the rest of my life.
    !~ yikfi!
    That's enough! ~~
    ~ Lo o~l ~ 'illi cateetni-yyaa
    ~a yikfiini. What you have given me
    won't be enough for me.
    ~ ka.ffa II

    ~ kafiil p. "jo.__, kufala guarantor,

    sponsor, co-signer. '~ ~~ L.. 1~1


    U"_,..J.; ~ ;..L,Qj Lo 'ioa ma cindak

    kafiil, ma tigdar titsallafjluus. If you


    don't have a guarantor, you cannot
    borrow any money. L.o,PI ~
    kafiili 1-/:tukuuma. My sponsor is the

    ~ kifa.

    ~~ ktifa VIII to be satisfied, to


    content oneself. ~ Jl~ ~I ktifa
    b-illi l;za~~ala. He was sastisfied with
    what he had gotten.

    ~lAS" kifaaya sufficient amount.

    Jt.bs-

    ~1.45"'

    cataani kifaaya. He gave me


    enough. Lo J_;; j.S\1 I i f ~ 1.45"' IJ..i,:.
    I~ xaoaw kifaayattum min l-'akil
    gabil-ma kistaw. They took all the
    food they needed before they went on
    a picnic.

    JlS' kaafi enough, sufficient, adequate.

    }..s-i .l.,.;.L.; ~

    !~l..S'" ~,]"'""'! bass kaafi! Ia


    'ak8ar. That's enough (for

    taaxio
    you)! Don't take more. ~tS'" y y I~
    haaoa muub kaafi. That's not enough.

    a.JlAS' kafaala p. -aat

    got out of jail on bail.

    cfn.

    'i~~ kfy

    ~ tka.ffal V I. to be sponsor, be
    guarantor for, to cosign for . ...l>IJ rj~
    ~ ~ ~ 1~1 ~ laazim
    ~aal;zid yitka.ffalk 'ioa bageet tistagil
    hni. You have to have a sponsor if
    you want to get a job here. ~~ ~~
    ~ r-j}IJ JL r-'";:::. 0~ /-bank
    ~ataani
    malyoon
    dirhim
    salaf
    w-1-waziir tka.ffalni. The bank lent me
    one million dirhams and the minister
    cosigned for me. 2. be responsible,
    answerable for. oJ-!iJ ;~:::. ~i ~:::.
    ~W~ ~ difac 'alfeen diinaar w'~buu tka.ffala b-1-baagi. He paid two
    thousand dinars and his father was
    responsible for the payment of the rest.

    1. pledge, deposit, collateral. 2. bail. ~I if c}1


    u~ tifac min s-sijin b-kafaala. He

    kfn. See under u....; 5

    J 6.!J

    kl

    J.5

    JS'i

    kal (less common var.


    'aka!)
    (JS'~ yaakil) 1. to eat. \...::..JI Js- oL. y~ L) cazamnaa cafa z_casa
    w-kaleena lal:zam. We invited him to
    dinner and we ate meat. y~
    su
    kaleet? What have you eaten? ..:.$ L..
    ~ ma kaleet saY.Y.
    I haven't eaten
    anything.
    (prov.) 0y~ .j J_;..j ~

    505
    ~ ..::.-.,JS' Ia zzigg fi maacuun kaleet
    minna. Don't bite the hand that feeds
    you. Be good to those who have done
    you a favor. (lit., "Don't defecate in a
    plate from which you have eaten."). 2.
    to eat up, consume. JS'l_j oJWI \....a
    ...~_:,.IJ 1-f-YY has-sayyaara taakil
    baanziin waayid. This car uses a lot of
    gasoline. This car is a gas guzzler. 3.
    to eat away, gnaw, corrode. JS' ~~
    ~~ 1-/:zala leal /-peep. The rust has
    eaten away the pipe. 4. to take, get
    s.th. unpleasant. ($i .J-" ...:...~ JS'\.j ~
    ..G-IJ Ia taakil masabbaat min 'ayya
    waa/:zid. Don't take insults from
    anyone. US"""i _r.). 4.15"" !calha geer 'akla.
    He was severely penalized. \ 4:1S'"i
    J..U.L.. 'akalitta; saacidni. I've had it.
    Help me. 5. to capture, take. ($..L:.J:.I
    0\...a;ll JS'~ 1-jindi yaakilli-l:z~aan. The
    pawn will capture the knight. JS'~
    rl.r--""" yaakil
    l:zaraam. He's very
    dishonest. ~J JS'~ yaakil riba. He
    takes usurious interest. ..:..-" ~
    Y~ lees kaleet baggi? Why have
    you cheated me out of what was mine?
    ~ J:. ~ JS leal calayya dirhim. He
    cheated me out of a dirham.

    lot of food.

    t..lS"'i 'akla (n. of inst.) p. -aat meal,


    morsel, repast.
    ~':l~ maakuulaat (p. only) food-

    stuffs, food. ~ ...:... ~ 'L. maakuulaat


    mfJallaja frozen foods. ~ ..:...~'L.
    maakuulaat mcallaba canned foods.
    ~ J d klb. See under ":' J

    liJ cl

    5 clb.

    klc

    ~ kalac p. -aat car clutch. ~.b:.


    ~I .J-!j J>- oJ~l xaoeet s-sayyaara
    l:zagg 'ubu 1-kalac. I took the car to the
    one who repairs clutches.

    '-"" J d

    kls

    ~L-.lS"' kalsaat (p. only) pairs of


    stockings.

    """Jcl

    kif

    j....)jl nwikal VII pass. of JS' leal. JS'

    ~ kallaf II 1. to cost. Y~ ~
    cam ykallif? How much will it cost?
    ~J:. ~I ~ kallafni 'imyat dirhim.
    It cost me a hundred dirhams. 2. to
    ask, require, assign. ...L.>- i ~ ~
    ~_)-----:! Ia tkallif 'al:zad ysawwiiha.
    Don't ask anyone else to do it.~
    ~~ ~~ kallafta b-oiic 1-muhimma.
    I assigned that important job to him.
    ~J--"':! ($ ~ .....A-.....lS' leal/if geeri
    ysawwiiha. Have someone else do it.
    3. to bother, inconvenience. ._o.L(; ~
    ~ JJ Ia tkallifruul:zak. Don't bother
    yourself. Don't trouble yourself.

    JSfl JS\11

    ~ tkallaf V

    J..S"i

    akkal II to feed s.o., make s.o.


    eat. a_. JJ.ll l_p-IJ L. J-:~ Jy.J:-1 -.::.JS"i
    akkalat 1-yihhaal gabil-ma raal:zaw
    1-madrasa. She fed the children before
    they went to school.
    kil/1-'akil nwikal. All the
    food has been eaten.

    Jfi

    'akil 1. eating, dining. jS'\11 of"'->


    /:zijrat 1-'akil the dining room. 2. food.
    ..t>.IJ JS'i "-::i fii 'akil waayid. There's a

    1. to go to a lot of
    trouble, burden oneself. ..L.:>:-IJ ~
    ($ ~ 0W ~ tkallaf waayid ca[a
    saan xatri. He went to a lot of trouble
    for my sake. 2. (with y b-) to be

    506

    affected, unnatural, pretentious. ~


    ~ ..L>.-IJ yitkallaf waayid b-~acya.

    He's speaking like someone who has


    put on airs.

    UlS" kulfa 1. trouble, inconvenience.


    2. cost, expense.
    3. assignment,
    requisition, task.

    J J~ takliif(v.n. from II .....A15" kalla.f)


    p. ~~ takaaliif 1. cost. ~~
    ~I takaaliif 1-maciisa the cost of
    living. 2. imposition, bother.
    ~ takalluf (v.n. from V ~
    tkalla.f) affected behavior, mannerisms, airs.

    uJJ..:l

    klft

    ~ kalfat (~ yka/fit) to caulk.


    ~ ~u ~'i iL.J-1 ~ kalfatna
    1-~ammaam

    linna

    caan ysiil. We

    caulked the bathroom because it was


    leaking.
    ~lili"' kiifaat

    (v.n.) caulking.

    ..:J J ..:J klk


    ~ kalak p.

    u% klaaka water

    bucket.

    'JJ..:l

    ka/1 (~ yki/1) to be or become

    k/1

    J5

    J5

    'agdar asawwi 'ayya sayy. huwa 1-ku/1


    ji 1-kul/. I can't do anything. He is the

    only person with authority.

    J.-.S"

    kif/in 1. everyone, everybody.


    lprov.) ~ ~ jS ki/lin ~a/iiba
    yjiiba. Like father, like son. (prov.)
    .UIJ.. ..G ~ ..___b.. .J ..l(
    kif/in ymidd
    riila cafa gadd ll;zaafa~ As you make

    J5'

    ~ cafa):

    tired, fatigued, exhausted. ~i ~


    ~ .:r.) (Jalleet 'astagi/leen ka/leet. I
    kept working until I became tired.

    YJJd

    judge a book by its cover. (lit., "Not


    every white thing is a piece of suet,
    neither is every black thing a piece of
    charcoal."). J~..> J5' Js- cafa kull ~aal
    at any rate, in any case. 2. (with foil.
    def. n. or suff. pron.) all of the, the
    whole of. I..I"L:.JI J5' kill n-naas all the
    people. yL..::S:JI jS kill li-ktaab the
    whole book. ~ yL-:501 li-ktaab killa
    = yL..::S:.ll
    killli-ktaab. \..:.lS' killana
    all of us.!'""' y.l J5' kill ubuuhum all of
    them. 3. ~1/-kull everyone, everybody. J.-.501 ~ ca/lamt 1-kull. I told
    everyone. \..>.. ~I 1-kul/ ya. Everybody
    came. ~~ ~ ~~ 1-kul/ ji 1-ku/1: L..
    ~I ~ j-.501 y .? <$i <$yi J..lii ma

    your bed, you must lie in it. 2. (with

    k/1

    J5

    o.).}-"'

    muub ku/1 bee(Ja s~ama


    wala kull sooda fo.ama. You cannot

    t.......;...,;

    kill (common var. kull) 1. (with

    J5'

    foiL indef. n.) each, every. ..b-IJ


    kill waal;zid each one. ~
    kill sayy
    everything. IJ-:!j .JL..,., ~
    kill sayy
    $Gar zeen. Everything went well.
    (prov.)
    'j J ~ ~
    y y

    J5'
    J5'

    JS"

    JS"

    J~..>

    J-.5' Js- cafa kullin

    JS' cafa.ku/1 baa!.

    =~

    L-o..lS"

    kull-ma (conj.) 1. whenever.


    ~_,...., ~ }~ l....lS" kull-ma ysaaajir
    yiji $Oobna. Whenever he travels, he

    comes to our place. 2. everything that,


    whatever, all that. <$J.....:.$.. L...l5' ~
    ca{eeta kull-ma c;ndi. I gave him
    everything I had.
    ~ kulliyya college, school (of a uni-

    versity). ~I 45' kulliyyat !-[ibb the


    college of medicine. 4k.r-=J' _I<"

    507

    kulliyyat s-sirta the police academy.


    ~I ..:;..L.__..I.J..UI ~
    kulliyyat
    d-diraasaat z-cu{ya the college of
    graduate studies.

    (esp., on the telephone).


    ~~ J ~J klye
    ~ kleeea (coli.) cookies made
    from flour, sugar, cardamom, and
    ginger. s. ~L!. -aaya.

    ~JJ~J klls
    ~ killiS (adv.) 1. very, extremely,
    highly. ~_,.. ,_;.J5' killis marii(J. He's
    very sick. ~j ..;...K killis zeen very
    good, very well. 2. very much. ~
    ._;...JS' ~~ cajabni 1-filim killis. I iiked
    the film very much. 3. (with neg.) not
    ... any. ,_r.J5' ._,.._,.J.; r.,?..J....:..;. Lerna cindi
    fluus killis, ._,.._,.J.; r.,?..J....:..;. Le ,_;.J5' killis
    rna cindi jluus. I don't have any
    money.

    ~IJ km

    ~ kam (more common var. cam). See


    under I" (i em.

    J ":' ~ IJ

    ~ kambal p.
    ket.

    J I ~ ":' ,.IJ
    ~. .h.4'

    ~ tkallam

    V to speak, talk. ~
    ~j ~f' titkallam carabi zeen. You
    speak Arabic well. !~ ';1 Ia
    titkallam! Don't talk. !~ tkallam!
    Speak up!

    41S' kalma.

    See tmder I" J 5 elm.

    fi~ kalaam 1. talk, talking, speaking.


    ~ .J L. ..!,.L.'%' ~L:;. ui 'aana saayif
    kalaamak rna Ia macna. I see that
    your talk makes no sense! !~'%' lh
    haaoa kalaam! This is just talk.~'%'
    t_.Ju kalaamfaarig idle talk, nonsense.
    2. words, statement, remark. ~
    o.J--!i (Y..S yismac kalaam 'ubuu. He

    heeds his father's words. He listens to


    what his father says.

    Ll.~ mukaalama p. -aat conversation

    J.LS' kanaabil blan-

    kmbyaal

    kumbyaala p. -aat bill of exchange, draft.

    ~J IJ kim

    ~ kallam II to talk to, speak to,


    speak with. t__,.......<:> ).1 ~~~ .:.r--&' ~
    kallamta can oaak 1-maw(Juuc. I talked
    to him about that subject.

    kmbl

    J ,.IJ

    kml

    ~ kimal (~ yikmal) 1. to be
    finished, done, completed. d..li...:JI u
    ..:..-l.S has-sag/a kim/at. This piece of
    work was finished. ~ ~ WI
    J-~ l-bina yikmal cugub sahreen.
    The construction will be completed in
    two months. 2. to be concluded, come
    to a close. oJ\....a.!l ..:...W' kim/at ~-~alaa.
    The prayer was over.

    ~ kamma/ II to complete, finish.


    ~I.J.:l JS kamma/ draasta. He completed his studies.

    c11 J ....1.;.__;;, J-S

    kamma/ sugla w-tilac. He finished his


    work and left.

    ~ tkammal V pass. of II JS
    kammal.

    JW" kamaa/ perfection . .....,-! ~ jLo..S:J1


    1-kamaa/ /i-1/aah bass. Only God is
    perfect.

    J.-L..S'

    kaamil (act. part. from ....W"

    508

    kimal) 1. complete, full. J-lS"" ~ j5"'


    kill sayy kaamil. Everything is com2. entire, whole . .:.r

    plete.

    J.-lS"" .._ja..,.,

    ~~ ~aff kaamil min li-m~alliin an

    .. ud

    ~.loS" kandeesa p. -aat condensor.

    udM<j Jud

    entire line of worshippers. ~..UI


    ~~ , 1.4- .\ ~~ li-madiina
    b-kaamilha stagbalat s-seex. The
    whole city received the Shaikh.

    '~~d

    ~..J.:S ~ L. _r.i.:LI l.ia.

    have air conditioning.


    ~.loS" kandeesa p. -aat air condi-

    kmm

    tioner.

    ~J.5...,. mkandas (p.p.) air conditioned.


    L..::.~ ul__r.--.A.:l-1 Y kill 1-bafiizaat
    mkandasa. All the offices are air conditioned.

    ~~d kmm

    4.oW'. kammaama p. -aat

    1. gas mask.

    2. muzzle.

    .)ud knz

    _r-5

    [U ~d kmnj

    yakniz) to pile up,

    U-1 ~d kmwn

    good time; he just piles up money.

    IJ~ kammuun (coli.) cumin, cumin

    y.5

    seed.

    ure.
    I.)M

    .; Jud kndr

    ~ kinas. See under f> f>

    r..j)J. kandari p. ~J...LS' kandariyya

    ~.J5:. 11 fii xa~sat kanaayis hini

    water carrier.

    cindana fi 1-kweet.

    We have five
    churches here in Kuwait.

    kndwr
    kandoora p. J.)LS kanaadir

    man's or woman's dress. ~""""'' oJJ...LS'


    L.,;.\..L.!;..) ':)\) y

    ~ -~..u

    kandoora 'asim gadiim. 8oob walla


    disdaasa l-'asim l-yidiid. kandoora is
    an old name. Boob or disdaasa are the
    new names.

    t xmm.

    ~ kaniisa p. l.f"':!L...:5'" kanaayis


    church. .) G~ ~ l.f"':!LS L..J-. y

    yoke (of a water carrier).

    r-" ':)I

    kanz p. jyS' knuuz (buried) treas-

    ud kns

    ).). kandar p. J.)lS kanaadir, -aat

    ..L..:..L:l:-1

    (?

    V" _,...1;
    rna yruub yitwannas; bass
    yakniz fluus. He doesn't go to have a

    fiddle.

    o)J)J.

    kinaz

    amass (money). ~ \~ ~ [.)r- L..

    ~ kamanja p. -aat 1. violin. 2.

    ud

    haaoa 1-bafiiz

    rna fii kandeesin. This office doesn't

    amount.

    .J-1 J

    kndysn

    ~.loS" kandeeiin air conditioning.

    ~ kammiyya p. -aat quantity,

    kndys

    I.)M (,$ J

    ..

    tu d

    ($..) d

    kncd See under

    ud

    ""t.uti cncd.

    knkry

    ~J.f.. kankari (coll.) gravel. s. -yya.

    ~.;6d khrb

    ~-*' kahraba (more common var.


    ~ _? karhab). See under ~,.1~

    509
    ..J.J~ kwr

    krhb).

    .)_,...s- kuur p. ;1_,5'1 kwaar, JlpS" kiiraan

    .J 'i -.i I ,J ~ kwaafyr


    ~ifi' kwaafeer p. -iin coiffeur.

    o.)_,5

    ~,J~ kwh

    kwt

    ~ _,5 kuut p. ..:..>1_,5'i 'akwaat 1. coat.


    ..._:, .J-1" .::... y-S" kuut ~uuf woolen coat. 2.

    jacket.

    for catching falcons).

    t'_,...s- kawwaax p. -a

    1. falcon hunter.

    2. falcon trainer.

    ~.rJ:-1 ~.J..P

    kuurya

    1-januubiyya South Korea.


    kuurya s-samaa/iyya
    North Korea.

    a.:JL.....-;JI

    ~.)_,5'

    1$.)_,5 kuuri 1. Korean, characteristic


    of Korea. 2. (p. -yyiin) a Korean.
    I.JM.J~ kws

    kwd

    kawwad II (common var. II ~ _,5'


    kawwam) to pile, pile up, stack up.
    _r-----AJ.I ~I..U 0L.L-il \J..) yS kawwadaw
    s-saamaan jiddaam 1-bafiiz. They
    piled the things in front of the office.

    .)_,5

    .) _,5.J

    tkawwad
    kawwad.

    pass. of II ..) _,5'

    kood (more common var. cood).

    See under

    (p.p.) ball-shaped,

    l...J.Jfi' kuurya Korea.

    tfi' kuux p. tl_,s'l kwaax hut, shack.


    4_:,;. fi' kuuxa p. -aat snare, trap (esp.,

    .) _,5

    .)~ mkawwar
    round .

    I '/ .J ,J ~ kwryaa

    tJ~ kwx

    J,J~

    kuura (o.? kurat as first term of


    1. ball. a..l.JI o_?" kurat
    s-salla basketball. u Jlk.ll o_? kurat
    t-taawla table tennis. o..r.Lk.ll o.? kurat
    t-taayra volleyball. 2. soccer. L...l.,.:.
    o.Jy-S" ..,..._....l; xaffna nUCab kuura. Let's
    play soccer.
    uL.;.l) p. -aat

    o.:J _,5 kuub p. yl_,s'i 'akwaab 1. cup.


    <.fW y _,5 kuub caay tea cup; cup of
    tea. 2. glass (ofs.th.). <.jl.. y _,5' kuub
    maay glass of water.
    UJ~

    bellows.

    oJ _, li

    cwd.

    .) _,5 kood p. ..)I..,.SI kwaad heap, pile .


    . )_,.)JL; b-1-kood wholesale. ..)_,.)J~ ~
    ybUC b-1-kood. He sells wholesale.
    .) ~ mkawwad (p.p. from II ..) ~
    kawwad) heaped, piled up.

    ..r_,5

    koos hot summer wind (usually


    accompanied by high humidity).

    II.JM .J ~ kwsaa
    L- kuusa (coli.) squash, zucchini. s.
    ~L..... " -ya .
    t.J~ kwc

    t.,.s'

    kuuc p. tl"l kwaac elbow. t"


    ~I kuuc !-peep kneepiece or elbow
    of a pipe. (prov.) .:.r- dS- " ..._:, f i \...
    .w:. y. maycarfkuuca min buuca. He's a
    stupid person. (lit., "He doesn't know
    his knee from his elbow.").

    """J d

    kwf

    ~~1/-kuufa Kufa (city in Iraq).

    510
    IJ~ mukaan p. JL.i 'amaakin I.
    place, site, location. 0l5:...
    l)fi kill
    mukaan everywhere. o~ 'i _,_ll 0L(.
    mukaan 1-wilaada place of birth,
    birthplace. ~j 0L.S:.. l) ~I !-beet ji
    mukaan zeen. The house is in a good

    ~d,Jd kwkb

    ~' kookab p. ~lyS' kawaakib


    star. I ..
    1\ ~lyS' kawaakib

    s-siinama the movie stars.

    J CaS u d ,J ~

    kwktyl

    2. seat, place. <~.il5:...

    r\j

    J-;S'' kook/eel cocktail. ~yS' lli>-

    location.

    l;ajlat kook/eel cocktail party.

    gaam min mukaana


    w-gaccad s-seeba f-cood. He got up
    from his seat and seated the old man.
    3. room, space . ..:,r- 0l5:... ..:.lJ \... ma-lak
    mukaan hini. There's no room for you
    here. l)\S 0L.S:.. ~ \... \..:,r- ~ J..l.Q.j \...
    rna tigdar tibni hni; rna fii mukaan
    kaaji. You can't build here; there isn't
    enough space. 4. position, rank, place.
    \~ bl <~.il5:... Y- C'\J .r-- minu raayib
    yl;ill mukaana 'ioa fannaS? Who's
    going to fill his position if he resigns?
    ...:.-..,; /' 0LS 'J L.S:.. ..::.-.:5' _,J Ioo Cint
    mukaani, caan ciraft. If you had been
    in my place, you would have known.

    ~ r-JI ~I

    CaS J.J~ kwly

    J..,.S kuuli

    p. -yya coolie, workman,

    laborer. ~ )~ J W ~I I~
    fannasaw l-kuuliyya w-saffaruuhum.
    They laid off the coolies and deported
    them.
    ~,Jd kwm

    ~' kawwam II. See under J .J 1.!1 lewd.

    u,Jd kwn
    ~JLS' kaan (more common var. caan)

    See under u.J ~ cwn.

    IJ~ kawwan II to form, produce,


    bring into being. ~ 0 j ~ ~lr. .Y
    ...:...o~l....a>- fiijamaaca ykawwnuun-lahum
    ci$aabaat. There are some people who
    form gangs. 0 _yS .JL..u J <0~ ,~\
    0 ~I 'a!/a, subl;aanah wa tacaala,
    kawwan 1-koon. God, be He praised
    and exalted, created the world.
    IJ_,5-J tkawwan II 1. pass. of II 0 yS'
    kawwan. 2. (with ,y min) to be made
    up of, composed of. ...l..,!..l:>:- ~I
    ~L-;i ~')\; .:_;-- 0 ~J 1-mat!;afyidiid
    w-yitkawwan min ()alaa8at 'agsaam.
    The museum is new and is made up of
    three sections.
    IJ~I 1-koon the world, the universe.
    0 ~I J-b:- ~I 'a!!a xilag 1-koon. God
    created the world.

    if

    ..L..J.j J

    .6...H~.o makaana p. -aat standing, posi-

    tion, rank, importance. d.jl5:_.. ..JI ~~


    ~l_,ll 0:.--! ~j

    J---K

    s-seex 'ila
    makaana
    killis
    zeena
    been
    li-mwaatniin. The Shaikh has excellent standing among the citizens.
    ~b o....;.;l5:.,. .UI ~I '-:----"\J...I 1-baasib
    1-'aali 'ila makaanta oall;iin. Computers have considerable importance nowadays.

    U(,S,J~ kwyt

    ~.,5Jili-kweet Kuwait.
    ~ kweeti 1. Kuwaiti, characteristic
    of Kuwait.
    Kuwaiti.

    2. (p.

    -yya,

    -yyiin) a

    511

    u'id

    birthday cake; the Christmas cake.

    kyt

    ..::..$' keet: ~) ~ keel w-keet such


    and such. ~ ~ Ju ..U~ CJ.J
    ~) ruul:z cuufa. gaal cannak keel
    w-keet. Go see him. He said such and
    such about you.
    I..)M '.S

    -d

    kys. See ~ !S & cys.

    ~'id ky

    ~ kee (invar.) cash, ready money.

    ~ ~..li 1.:.1 ill ~i 'abW-lak 'ioa


    tidfac ked. I'll sell you if you pay
    cash.

    J'id

    kyf

    ~ kayyaf II 1. to condition, adjust.

    o.r:J-1 I~ ~ .J..L.A; tigdar tkayyif


    hawa 1-hijra. You can condition the
    air in the room. 2. to adapt, adjust.
    .:lb ~ ~ .J..L.A; tigdar tkayyif
    nafsak hnaak. You can adapt yourself
    there.
    ~ tkayyaf V
    kayyaf.

    pass. of II ._;,.__$

    J:f keef See ceef under ....it.$ & cyf


    d<jd kyk

    ..:J-:?

    keek (coli.) cakes. s. -a. ~


    .:l)L.Ji ...L...:>- keekat ciid 1-miilaad the

    J (j 1.!.1

    kyl

    See J ltF & cyl.

    .JJ 'i 1.!.1 kylw


    .# keelu p . ..::...1_,1$ -waat

    kilogram.
    \s.L..; _,...1:5' ~ cam keelu tabi? How
    ~any kilograms do you want? _,...1:5'
    ~ keelu sakar kilogram of sugar.
    ~pi ~cam 1-keelu? How much is a
    kilogram?

    .; u i'" ,J J 'i d

    kylwmtr

    )--.4 _#

    keelumitir p. -aat kilometer.


    6.YL..JI .) }--' _,1$ ~ 6.Y _r-!1 s-surca
    xamsiin keelumitir fi s-saaca. The
    speed is fifty kilometers per hour.

    .b ,J J 'i d kylwt

    .b.#

    keeluwat kilowatt . .b _,1$ ~


    xamsa keeluwat five kilowatts.

    llj i'" lj 1.!.1 kymyaa


    ~ kiimya chemistry.

    4-SJ~ kiimaawi chemical. ........... ..l..;..o:o


    :i.:)L..$" handasa kiimaawiyya chemical
    engineering.

    ~4.J~ kiimaawiyyaat chemicals .

    disgraceful, foul. ~ .!l _,L.. suluuk


    gabii/:z shameful behavior.

    .JI~ gaar
    J~

    'I ..J I ~

    gaar (coll.) asphalt, tar.


    gaary

    IJJL>. gaari p.

    ~..?)y.

    guwaari wagon,

    cart.

    ;, I~ gaaz

    ..Jio:'~ gbr

    jl..>.- gaaz (coll.) kerosene. u~ jl.>.gaaz xaana. 1. place where kerosene


    is stored or sold. 2. gas station. jl.~l
    ~LA o4 4.i~ 1-gaaz xaana mbannda
    hal/:ziin. The gas station is closed now.

    .J

    u'I;, I ~

    gaaziino p. ..:Jir.jL>.. -waat 1.


    casino, night club. 2. coffeehouse,
    cafe. J JJ ~ J r.jlJ.I l.....> J ri/:zna
    1-gaaziino w-licabna warag. We went
    to the coffeehouse and played cards.
    ~I~ gaat

    ~~ gubur$i
    1. Cyprian, from
    Cyprus. 2. a Cypriot.

    ~ gabgaab p. -.,....;;~ gabaagiib pair

    of wooden clogs. -.,....;;~1 ._r-1 \... :)ni}Jin ma nilbis l-gabaagiib. We don't


    wear wooden clogs.

    I.:' .J ~ "':' ~ gbgwb

    ~~ n-naas hni ma y~akluun


    l-gabguub waayid. People here don't
    often eat lobster.

    Jli gaafname of the letter J g.

    I.:' I.:'~ gbb

    J ~.:"~

    4,J gubba p. -aat

    (common var.
    tamba) small ball, ball of rags.

    a.:1

    gbb

    4,J gubba p.

    ~ ~ gubru$ Cyprus.

    ..l..>.-IJ y

    ~~~ gaaf

    ..

    ~..) I.:' ~ gbr$

    y ~ gabguub (coll.) 1. lobster. 2 .


    lobster meat. s. -a. -J )5"'4 \... ,:r ._,.UI

    ..b li gaat see under J ~ gwt.

    y........ ~

    See under .J":'J qbr.

    I.:' ~ I.:' ~ gbgb

    gaazynw

    ~jL>.

    ~f 'agbal:z 1. (with 0-" min) a. uglier


    than. b. more infamous than. 2. (with
    foll. n.) a. the ugliest. b. the most
    infamous.

    ~ gubab dome (of a

    building), cupola.

    cI.:'~ gbl:z
    ~ gabii/:z 1. ugly, repulsive. ~ "'"J

    weeh gabii/:z ugly face.

    2. shameful,

    gbl

    ~ gibil (~ yigbal) 1. to accept.\...


    V"~I 0-" ~.UI ..!..1.:!.)

    ..:...,W ma gib/it oiic


    1-hadiyya min 1-micris. She didn't accept that gift from the bridegroom.
    ~~ \... ._H -~j ~J wa~Hifazeena.
    leef ma gbi/taha? It's a good job. 'Why
    didn't you accept it.~ J ~ \... \.;.;~
    ~ banaatna ma yigbalin wapi~filr
    mupiifa. Our girls don't accept the job
    of an air hostess. 2. to agree to s.th.

    513
    -~ J:, J_;;. ~.,>..L.. haaoi sruut
    $acba. rna 'agbalha. These are difficult
    terms.
    I won't agree to them. J-:i
    U41J ()r- gibil yruu/:z wiyyaana. He
    agreed to go with us. 3. to admit.~
    ~ ..,_kjl kulliyyat !-!ibb giblatni. The
    ~ollege of medicine admitted me.

    4-Yi L..

    ~u gaabal III (less common var.


    jaabal) 1. to meet, receive. ~\.... ..:...:S"
    ~u J ~~ J r ~ Cint maasi ji suug
    s-simac w-gaabalta. I was walking in
    the fish market and I met him. ~u
    "'-...:>:-) """"J gaabalta weeh 1-weeh. I met
    him face to face.
    2. to have an
    interview with s.o., to interview s.o.
    ~..dl ~u gaabalt t-tindeel. I had an
    interview with the foreman. ~u .r-.lll
    ~)1 ~~ L;>- 1-mudiir gaabalni /:zagg
    IJiic
    1-wa(Hifa.
    The
    manager
    interviewed me for that job. 3. to
    encounter, face. ~ o~ j.S'"L..;;... Ju
    ol__.j~ gaabal masaakil ka(}iira ji
    l:zayaata.
    He encountered many
    problems in his life. 4. to meet with
    s.o., get together with s.o. Jui ~ j~
    ~I U. ~ ~I laazim 'agaabil
    s-seex ca[a hal-ga(Jiyya. I will have to
    see the Shaikh about this case.
    ~l...Qj tgaabal

    VI to meet each other.


    ~ ~L.JI .?~ Jl.A.:.i ~IJ raay/:ziin
    nitgaabal baacir s-saaca xams. We are
    going to meet tomorrow at five.
    ~~~IJ ~I...A.i tgaabalt wiyyaahum?
    Did you meet with them? Did you get
    together with them?

    .._U,I

    ngibal VII to be accepted.


    ~~~ ~~ ngiblat 1-hadiyya. The gift
    was accepted. ~I ~ J-:.iil ngibalji
    1-kulliyya. He was accepted by the

    college.
    ~~ stagbal

    1. to meet, go to meet.
    stagbaltaji 1-mataar. I
    met him at the airport. 2. to receive.
    '-:?ft--"'11 JI..H..UI ~ ~~ stagbalni ji
    d-diwaan 1-'amiiri. He received me at
    the Emiri Court.
    JL...bll ~ ~~

    ~ gabil 1. (prep.) before . ._,....i ~


    gab! ams (the day) before yesterday.
    ~ ~L.JI J-:i L.:.,. ya gab/ s-saaca
    xams. He came before five o'clock.
    ~L. J-:i L.:.,. ya gabil saaca. He came
    an hour ago. 2. (adv.) before, earlier,
    previously, formerly.~~~~ yiit
    hini gabil? Have you been here
    before? ...hi ~ \.jj 'aana yiit gabil. I
    came earlier.
    La~ gabil-ma (conj.) before.~~

    J..-.... y.. L.. J-:i

    Ia tsiir gabil-ma yoo$al.


    Don't leave before he arrives.

    ~ gibla kiblah (direction to which

    Muslims
    Kaaba).

    tum to pray toward the

    J~ gubuul
    acceptance.

    (v.n. from

    J-:i

    gibil)

    ~ gabiila p. J~ gabaayil tribe.


    .r-L.!..s:.J J~ ~ Ll"'UI n-naas hini
    gabaayil w-casaayir. People here
    belong to tribes and clans.
    ~\.A.. mugaabala (v.n. from III
    gaabal)
    1. encounter, meeting.

    Ju
    2.

    interview.
    J~l stigbaal (v.n. from X~~
    stagbal) reception. J~l ~ l:zaflat
    stigbaal reception party, a reception.
    ~\i gaabil (act. part. from~ gibil) 1.
    having accepted. ~ )1 Ju y. huwa

    514

    gaabil 1-wa{Jiifa. He has accepted the


    job. 2. having agreed to s.th. y _y
    .1 J~l l.ol> J.l.i muub gaabil has-sruut.
    He hasn't agreed to these terms.

    J.L.i gaabil (common var.jaabil) next,


    coming. WWI ~I l-lee1a 1-jaab1a
    tomorrow night. J.LA.ll ~I s-saahar
    1-jaabil next month.

    yli

    gaabiliyya

    ability, capacity,

    power.
    J~ magbuu1 (p.p. from~ gibil) 1.

    having been accepted.t.$h .1J.rJI l.ol>


    Ll ~ 415" has-sruut haaoi killaha
    magbuula. All of these terms are accepted. 2. having been admitted . ..;_ji
    Y.j=:!r-:JI ~ cj 4.!~ 'inti magbuu1afi
    kulliyyat t-tamrii{J? Have you been
    admitted to the College ofNursing? 3.
    acceptable, reasonable. J~ _r.:i;- .!l _,L
    su1uuk
    geer magbuu1 improper
    behavior.

    J.U..

    large balance scale. HI ~ ..l::z.....,..


    u~l ~ butt ciis 1-cees ca1a
    1-gabbaan. Put the sack of rice on the
    steelyard. 2. weighbridge. 6..:..>-W. JS'
    0~1 ()~ j':i kill saa/:lina 1aazim
    truub1-gabbaan. Every truck has to go
    to the weighbridge.

    ..::. ..::.~ gtt


    ~

    galt (more common var. jatt).


    See under.::..::. r;,Jtt.

    J ..::. ~

    gt1

    (less common var.

    J.::i

    gital (~ yagtil) 1. to kill, murder. ~ cj oyl:i gitloo fi beeta. They


    killed him in his house. ~ J:i gita1
    nafsa. He committed suicide . .s.-.A.i J:i
    jA-!JI cj gita1 nafsa fi s-sugul. He
    worked very hard. 2. to beat up. ut5""
    o_r-J.:;J ~~IJ ~ caan yilcab
    wiyyahum w-git1oo. He was playing
    with them and they beat him up.

    J.::i

    gattal II to slaughter, massacre,


    butcher. ~ y.i JS ~ _,.1.:i gattaluhum
    kill ubuuhum. They slaughtered all of
    them without exception.

    mgaabil 1. (act. part.) from III


    J.u gaabal) a. having met, received
    s.th. b. having had an interview with
    s.o., having interviewed s.o. 2. (prep.)
    opposite, facing. JJ~I ~ J.l....Q..
    mgaabil siisat 1-batrool opposite the
    gas station. 3. in return for, in compensation for. ~ ':i J.U.. t_.fr"' ~~
    stigalt subuuc mugaabil Ia sayy. I
    worked for a week for nothing.

    ~I ngital VII pass. of

    J.:.i:-e mustagbal

    J-:i

    u":'~

    future.

    gbn

    ~ gabban II to weigh (with a steel-

    e--1'

    ..::,..')\.j ~ gabban ga!!aat


    yard).
    s-sibb. He weighed the sacks of dates.

    ~JL-:i gabbaan p. -aat

    1. steelyard,

    J:i qtl).

    J....::Al' tgattal V pass. of II J:i gattal.


    ~I y _r cj I~ 0-:!..A>.-IJ l..l"li naas
    waaydiin tgattalaw fi barb 1-xa/iij.
    Many people were killed in the Gulf
    War.

    J=i gital.
    from J=i gital) killing,

    gatil (v.n.
    murdering. J..=t G~l>- baad8at gatil a
    murder. J..=t .;..l,.. maat gatil. He was
    murdered.

    J.ili

    gaatil (act. part. from J=i gital) 1.


    having killed, murdered s.o. 2. (p.
    -iin) killer, murderer.

    515

    J_,..::a..

    magtuul (p.p. from

    Ja gital) p.

    -iin murdered, killed. (prov.) j;Lill


    J~ 1-gaatil magtuul. He who lives

    by the sword, dies by the sword.

    ":' c~

    g/:tb

    ~ ga/:tba p. yb..i g/:taab prostitute,

    whore.

    .be~ g/:tt

    one's leg according to one's quilt.").


    ...!..l.....!.t.... ...L_j ~ ....; _r-PI 'i~rifca[a gadd
    macaasak. Spend according to your
    salary. J\J-1 ~ ~ _;WI/-macaas cala
    gadd 1-/:taa/. The salary isn't much. lii
    JU...I ~ ~ ..r. ..,_.5iJ l)i ....; _ri 'aana
    'acrif 'agra w- 'aktib bass cala gadd
    1-/:taal. I know how to read and write

    only to the extent of my abilities. I..La.

    .k.....:oJ ga/:tt

    ..!J....l:.,.) ~ ~ ~yl:-1 haaoa 1-juuti cala

    I. famine . ..6........A.ll il:!i


    'ayyaam 1-ga/:tt the days of famine. 2.

    gadd riilak. These shoes fit you.

    drought, state of rainlessness.

    ..W sgadd. See under J;. s-

    Jc~ gl:zf

    JAJIA halgadd. See under o h.

    ~W gal:t/:taaji p. -iyya shirke, wood-

    chat.

    ~.u gaddad II to dry, make s.th. dry


    (e.g., meat, fruit, fish, etc.) .JL. j .y

    t~Jc~gl:zfy
    ~ ga/:tfiyya p. .Jb..i ga/:taaji, -aat
    skullcap (worn under the ;; ~ gitra

    men's headcloth).

    ..!.4..-JIJ r l .J J.:l~ l_,;l.S" U"UI min

    zamaan
    1-la/:tam

    n-naas caanaw ygaddiduun


    w-s-simac. Some time ago,

    people used to dry meat and fish.

    co~~ gd/:t
    gida/:t (c~ yigda/:t) to spark,
    make sparks. C -L~ .JL;~I ,<;-~uufaan
    yigda/:t. Touchwood sparks.

    c_..W

    ~I.U gaddaa/:ta p. -aat cigarette

    lighter.

    'JJ~ gdd
    .U gadd equal to.

    YJJ~ gdd

    !.\l.l.._, ..U y y lh

    haaoa muub gadd haoaak. This is not


    equal to that one. ~ L. ~ ~ ca{ni
    gadd-ma careeta. Give me (something)

    equal to what you have given him.


    ..L..,j ~ cafa gadd according to, in
    proportion to. (prov.) Js- -.k J ...LC_
    u\J.. ...L_j killin ymidd riila cafa gadd
    1-/:taafa. As you make your bed, you
    must lie in it. (lit., "One can stretch

    J5'

    .W gadd (coli.) pieces of dried meat or


    fish, jerked meat. s. -a.
    .JJ~ gdr

    J.U gidar (J~ yigdar) I. to be able


    to, be capable of. ~J I~ J~
    yigdar yigra w-yikib. He can read and
    write. ~- J~ L. \~ ~l>.- o.f tawwa
    yaahil bacad; mayigdar yamsi. He's
    still a child; he cannot walk. 2. (with
    ~ cata) to have power over s.o., be
    master of. ~ J~ ..b-L.. ma/:tbad
    yigdar ca[ee.
    Nobody can control
    him. Nobody can handle him. J...L_j
    ~ ~ gidar cafeehum killahum.
    He was able to beat all of them.
    J.U gaddar II l. to estimate, evaluate.
    ~ ~ J..lA.i J..lA.i tigdar tgaddir giimta?

    516

    Can you estimate its value? Lo J-..dl


    ~~~ JoWl
    J~ J..Li t-tindeel ma
    gidar ygaddir-li 1-macaas oall;iin. The
    foreman couldn't estimate my salary
    now. 2. to appreciate, esteem highly,
    think highly of. J~i J~ L.. ma
    ygaddir 'acmaali. He doesn't appreciate what I do . ....; y ;..>; J ....; JJ~ '-"'UI j.)'
    kill
    n-naas
    ygaddruuna
    wyil;tirmuuna. All the people think
    highly of him and respect him. 3. (of
    God) to predetermine, foreordain. ~
    111 J..U Ia gaddar a!!a! God forbid!

    y.l.J gadir 1. = ..Li gad 2. esteem,


    regard. '-"'L:JI ~ ~ J..U .JI 'ila gadir
    Cibiir cind n-naas. He's highly esteemed by the people. J..LAJI ~ lee/at
    1-gadir night of the 26th of Ramadan,
    celebrating the revelation of the Quran
    to Muhammad.

    )..U gadar fate, destiny.


    l-ga9a w-1-gadar
    decree.

    y.LA.liJ

    WI

    fate and divine

    o)..LJ

    gudra (v.n. from J..G gidar)


    ability, capability, capacity . .;J..U .!)~
    ~y._..:JI~ r~ Cindak qudra tguum
    b-has-sugul? Do you have the ability
    to do this work? 11 .; J~ ~ yl Jo~
    caas 'imyat sana b-gudrat 'a{{a. He
    lived for a hundred years by the power
    of God.

    J..Ui 'agdar (elat.)

    1. (with if min)

    more capable than.


    the most capable.

    2. (with foil. n.)

    )\~

    migdaar p. f-~u.. magaadiir

    amount.
    ~.W tagdiir (v.n. from II J..U gaddar)
    estimate, valuation. f-...I.Z yi
    cata

    ._p.

    'agall tagdiir at least. r-...I.Z


    cata 'ak8ar tagdiir at most.

    pi J.s-

    gaadir (act. part. from J..U gidar)


    being able, powerful to do s.th. Y y
    ~i J~u muub gaadir 'amsi. I cannot
    walk. J~L4JI 1-gaadir (one of the
    epithets of God). J~\AJI .;J~ b-gudrat
    l-gaadir by the power of God. J~u
    ~I~ gaadir cafa s-sugul. He's
    able to work. He's capable of working.
    ).)U

    )..L...A.o mgaddar (p.p. from II J..U


    gaddar) decreed, fore-ordained, predestined.

    tJM J~ gds
    V".L...AII 1-guds Jerusalem. 0 ~
    '-"'..L...AJI 0 ~~\ ...l>....--11 $alleena fi
    1-masyid l-'ag$a fi 1-guds. We prayed
    in the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
    ~J~ gdm
    ~J.i gaddam II 1. to apply, submit (an
    application). 0 ~ 0->- ~ ..:.-.,.....;
    ~..0.)1 gaddamt talab l;agg sugul fi
    1-baladiyya. I submitted an application
    for a job in the municipality. 2. (with
    ~ cafa) to give s.o. preferential
    treatment, to place s.o. or s.th. at the
    head of. ~ ~..U gaddamni calee. He
    gave me preferential treatment to him.
    y')L..,kJI ,j~ ~ ~I i..G (..)"' J..LJI
    1-mudarris gaddam 'ibna cafa baagi
    t-tullaab. The teacher placed his son
    ahead of the rest of the students. 3. to
    set ahead (a watch). i..U ~~ .J
    o...l..>-1) ~L..... \..;.j~l....., fi $-$eef ngaddim
    saacaatna saaca wal;da. In the
    summer we set our watches ahead one
    hour. 4. to gain, be fast (a watch).

    iH

    0 ~~ i...L_Aj .rL...

    saacti

    517

    tgaddim digiigteen fi 1-yoom. My


    watch gains two minutes a day.

    n.) the oldest, the most ancient.

    ~..L..G! tgaddam

    r-t...\.Qj

    V 1. to be submitted.
    ..:.-.,....l.Qj o...L..>.-IJ ...::...~ talabaat waayda
    tgaddamat.
    Many requests were
    submitted. 2. to progress, make progress. J.>..IJ ...:.,.....l.Qj ~ 4.&-UI $-$inaaca
    hni tgaddamat waayid. Industry here
    has progressed a lot. rj ...::-..,....l.Qj
    ...::...4-P~)I tgaddamat fi r-riyaa9iyyaat.
    She made progress in mathematics. 3.
    (with ~ cala) to precede, go before
    s.o. 0~ _,....; L,.? 4')1 l....:# ...::-..,....l.Qj
    fgaddamaf Ca{eena finha QUrma C00da.
    She preceded us because she was an
    old woman.
    ~..lA:....,.,\

    stagdam X to bring in, summon, ask to come. J5' i f '? r~


    L.....JI nistagdim xubara min kill
    1-caalam. We bring in experts from all
    over the world.

    ~~ gadam. See under I" ..1 r;,Jdm.


    ~~ gidiim (less common var.jidiim)

    I. old, ancient. ~..ull ~~ l-ga$ir


    1-gidiim the old palace. 4..........-_J.i ,;GT
    'aaOaar gidiima ancient ruins. 2.
    former, previous. ~..ull ~? l:zurumti
    1-gidiima my former wife. ~J.i .:..r--JL.o )I min gidiim z-zamaan from time
    immemorial. 3. (being) an old-timer.
    ~ JS ._j ~ ~o r-I..LII u rj ~J.i .rJb
    huwa gidiim fi had-daayra; ycarf kill
    sayy. He's an old-timer in this
    department; he knows everything.
    ~~~ giddaam. See j iddaam under I" ..1 r;,

    jdm.

    ~..Ui 'agdam (elat.) 1. (with i f min)


    older than, more ancient. 2. (with foil.

    ~~i 'agdamiyya seniority.

    tagdiim (v.n. from II


    gaddam). See II r..l.i gaddam.

    r..L.J

    ~...L.,Aj tagaddum (v.n. from v r....L..,Qj


    tagaddam). See V r..l.Qj tagaddam.

    ~.)U gaadim (act. part.) p. -iin I:


    having come, having arrived. r~li ..:.,..;\
    ~~) .:..r-" 'inta gaadim min ween?
    Where have you come from? 2.
    arrival, one who has arrived. 0:-"~I.A.ll
    1-gaadimiin the arrivals.
    ~..U.. mgaddim (act. part. from II
    gaddam) see II r.J.i gaddam.

    r.J.i

    ~..U:.. mitgaddim (act. part. from

    r..l.Qj tgaddam) see v r..l.Qj tgaddam.


    ,J .J~ gdw

    J..U gadu p.

    JIJ.i gdaaw (less common

    var. ~ ,;li naariila) bubble-bubble,


    water pipe. JJ.i tJ~ ~ ..r-LA,.,. tJ~ Lo rna
    yduux jigaayir; yduux gadu. He
    doesn't smoke cigarettes; he smokes a
    bubble-bubble.
    ,. .J ~ gr '. See under Ci ..J r;, gry.

    ~ I.J~ graaj
    [.1~ garaaj p. -aat. o}.~-..JI ~~ J
    (. 1_?:)1 waddeet s-sayyaara 1-garaaj. I
    took the car to the garage.

    ~.J~ grb
    y ,;J garrab II (with i f min) 1. to get
    close, cause to come near s.o. or s.th.

    4:.. "'-!_,.Qj ~> rj _?.:, fakkar fi tariiga


    tgarrba minha. He thought of a way
    that would get him close to her. 2.
    (with ~ been) to make peace among

    518
    (people), reconcile people. U:-1 y ~
    ~~ garrab been 1-gabii/teen. He
    made peace between the two tribes.
    ~ jJ tgarrab V (with ,y min) to curry
    favor with s.o., seek to gain s.o.'s

    favor. -..H...dl .:.r" y ~ ~b daayman


    yitgarrab min t-tindeel. He always
    curries favor with the foreman.

    ~ ):-1

    stagrab X 1. to regard as
    near, find as near. J--.,!pl lA ~~~
    ~ ~ stagrabat hat-tariig /aakin
    (Wt. I figured this road was nearer, but
    I got lost. 2. to come by (s.o.'s house),
    to drop in. Lil:!IJ <.S# J y ~I stagrib
    w-tgahwa wiyyaana. We are close.
    Come on and have coffee with us.
    ~ _;J gurb I. (v.n.) closeness, proxim-

    ity, nearness. y _;.ll lA ~~ .JI ~J.:~ L.


    rna dareet 'inna 1-bafiiz hal-gurb. I
    didn't know that the office was this
    near. ~ -L:! l) ,:r y .;-All ~ k- ya
    yatlub 1-gurb minni ji yadd binti. He
    came to ask for my daughter's hand in
    marriage.
    2. (prep.) near, close to.
    :L....... J..J.I y __,_.; .JlS..Lll d-dikkaan gurb
    1-madrasa. The shop is near the
    school.
    ~} girba (common var.jirba) p.

    y}

    girab water bag (made of canvas).


    ~} gariib

    I. (with .:.r" min) near,


    close to. <yS - \I .y ~} gariib min
    1-mustas.fi near the hospital. 2. close,
    nearby. o~ y _,........ ,~; oJlL.....JI
    s-safaara gariiba, muub baciida. The
    embassy is close, not far. 3. (p. ~I)
    garaayib) relative, relation. .:_r- ~
    ~I) huwa min garaaybi. He's one of
    my relatives. ~I)~ nibin garaayib.

    We are relatives.
    ~I} garaaba
    kinship.

    relation, relationship,

    ~.,Ji 'agrab (elat.) 1. (with ,y min)


    nearer, closer than, etc. 2. (with foiL
    n.) the nearest, the closest, etc.

    ~jJ tagriiban

    (common var. ~_;;


    tagriib) approximately, about. l.::}J
    .r-1-i Jl ~ .:.r-- 0.;:! L.b.!~ ~L._.., ~
    tagriiban nU$$ saaca b-t-taayra min
    hni 'ila gi{ar. It's about half an hour
    by plane from here to Qatar.

    c.;~ grb

    c_.,J

    garrab II to ebb (water). c)


    ~I garrab 1-babar. The sea ebbed.

    c_.J-il gtirab VIII to suggest, recommend. lJ, y.i .:.r" LJ,~ -.,...Jki ~ c_,r-.jl
    gtirab cafayya 'atfub yaddha min
    'ubuuha. He suggested that I ask her
    father for her hand in marriage.
    ~} gurba p. -aat ulcer.

    c_l} graab ebb (of the sea).


    c_IJ-!1 gtiraa~z p. -aat suggestion,
    proposal.
    J.;~ grd
    /:J .,J gird p . .:~ J} gruud monkey, chimpanzee, ape. (prov.) .._.i ~ l) .:~ ;JI
    Jl~ !-gird fi ceen 'umma gazaal.
    Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

    .J.J ~ grr

    garr (fi ygirr) to confess, admit.


    ..!L..; y.~ ~ L.. 1~1 'ida rna tgirr
    ycaoobuunak. If you don't confess,
    they will torture you. ~~ ~ garr
    b-oanba. He confessed to his crime.

    .,J

    519

    JfJ

    garrar II 1. to decide. (.J.T- .J}


    garrar yruul:z wi.Y.)Iaay. He
    decided to go with me. 2. to assign,
    decide on, approve. . . ,...L:s::JI .J} ....,...J..lll
    1-mudarris garrar li-ktaab. The
    teacher assigned the book. o)JJ
    ~I .J_;.; J .JWI wazaarat 1-macaarif
    tgarrir 1-manhaj. The ministry of
    education decides on the syllabus. 3.
    to interrogate. J pi 0:1 .Y .J J.Jfi 1_,11;
    pallaw ygarriruunfii teen ctiraf They
    continued to interrogate him until he
    confessed.

    headquarters.

    ~,S"L.......!IJ

    .t-.}J tagriir (v.n. from II .J} garrar) p.


    ..1-.Jl..Ai tagaariir report, account. ...,..5
    ol_,........ ~I ,y-

    sawwaa. He wrote a report about what


    he had done. _;::-.all ..~-_;.; tagriir l-m(l$iir
    self-determination.

    ~.J~ grs

    Jl_;-J girs p . ...;J} gruus piaster (1/100


    dirham).
    ~..)~ gr~

    vP;A gira~ (...r' ~ yugru~) 1. to bite .

    .)~ tgarrar

    V 1. to be decided . .J_;.;
    ~; tgarrar tarjiica. It was decided
    he'd be promoted. 2. to be set, determined, decided on . .J.r-Z \... o~ ~~
    1-manhaj bacda ma tgarrar. The
    syllabus hasn't been set yet.
    .).}::-1 stagarr X 1. to calm down,
    settle, be stabilized. c:P )1 ~ ....,..........
    .k........... }~I J _rjl ~ ~acb yistagirr 1-wapic
    ji s-sarg 1-'aw,m{. It's difficult for the
    situation to settle in the Middle East.
    2. to settle down, take up residence. \...
    ,JL....(il .!.II~ ~ ~ .J..J........j ma gidar
    yistagirr fi oaak 1-mukaan. He wasn't
    able to settle in that place. 3. (with
    ~ cata) to make up one's mind to do
    s.th., determine on s.th. ~ .J~ \...
    1$1.J ~ ma yigdar yistagirr cata raay.
    He can't make up his mind (to do
    anything).
    .)1.;-9 garaar decision, resolution. o) }

    ...;l5:,. J ,J\.5" garaara caanfi mukaana.


    He m~de the right decision. ~I ) }
    garaar 1-maf:zkama the court decision.

    _rA.o magarr headquarters. as'_rjl _;...


    magarr

    s-sarika

    the

    company

    .r-;z kitab tagriir can illi

    d' fi ~1/-bagg yugru~. Bugs bite. 2.

    to pinch.

    vP _,Ail

    ngira~ pass. of ...r'} gira~

    vP;A gar~ 1. (v.n. from ...r'} gira~) 1.


    biting, pinching. 2. (p . ...r'l} graa~)
    flat round loaf of bread .

    6...,.,} gar~a (n. ofinst.) p. -aat 1. bite,


    sting (of an insect). 2. pinch.

    vP.)lJ gaari~

    1. (act. part. from ...r'}


    having bitten. ~ ) . _; u .f
    tawwha gaar~atni. It has just bitten
    me. 2. (coiL) bugs, mosquitoes. s. -a.

    gira~)

    ~..)~ grt

    .k} gurt p . .11)i 'agraat earring.


    I.)M

    I ~..) ~ gr{aas

    '-""lJ,} girtaas (coil.) paper. s. -a. \...


    ....,..L.1} 1$~ ma cindi girtaas. I don't
    have paper. ~lk} ~ ca{ni
    gir{aasteen. Give me two sheets of
    paper.
    (prov.) ':1 J ~~ ~ ':}
    ....,..L..J:. _;.J~ Ia huwa b-c-Ciis wala
    b-1-gir{aas. He's (or It's) neither here
    It's unimportant. (lit.,
    nor there.

    520

    "He's neither in the bag nor [wrapped]


    in the paper."). 2. (p. ~I} giraatiis)
    paper bag. u"lJ, _,A! 0L.L.....ll .h...>. butt
    s-saamaan b-girtaas. Put the things in

    u.;~ grn

    .JJU gaaran III (with ~ been) to


    compare. o_,_....i .J.:--!) ~ 0}..Z 'Y Ia
    tgaarin beena w-been 'uxuu. Don't
    compare him with his brother.

    a paper bag.

    .J_;-J garn p. 0 J} gruun I. hom (of an


    animal). (prov.) ~ _All ~ rl
    4i )} lo bajjatl-bagar ca[a gruunha.
    (This thing is) impossible. (lit., "If
    cows go on pilgrimage on their
    horns."). 2. century. liiJJ J-..r.JI .J }JI
    ~ .:,-.- U.Laf' L... ~i 1-garn 1-cisriin
    rawwaana 'asya ma ctrafnaaha min
    gabil. The Twentieth Century has
    shown us things we haven't known
    before.

    .;~ gr9
    ~lp migraa9a p. ~_}.A.. migaariio

    I. can opener. o......;:.l_;l~ ~_,All ~


    fitabt 1-guuti b-l-migraa9a. I opened
    the can with the can opener. 2. nail
    clipper.

    t.J~ grc
    garrac II to make bald. ~I
    t.) li-mbassin garrac raasi. The
    barber made me bald-headed.

    t..,;J

    ~IJ

    t..,;Ji

    'agrac p. 0~} gircaan f. ~}


    garca bald-headed, bald person.
    (prov.) 0u _;JI u")J :, a.;l..-.J-1 ~
    yifCallam li-bsaana fi ruus 1-gurcaan.
    The blind leading the blind. (lit., "He
    learns barbering on bald people's
    heads.").
    J.;~ grf

    ~I u.;~ grnaa$

    V"'Li} girnaa$ p.

    ~I)

    garaanii$
    young falcon. ~~ J"Li} girnaa$
    caameen two-year old falcon.

    JJ

    U.J~ grnjl

    jAJ} grunful (coli.) carnation. s. -a.

    '(j.J~ gry

    U} girfa (more common var.jirfa).

    1_,...9 gira ~ ~ yigra)

    See under ..J.Jr:;)rf

    r.? _r-...K;l ~) yigra w-yiktib 'ingiliizi.

    ..)~..)~ grgc
    ~} gargac (c} fi ygargic) to make a
    loud noise, be noisy. J 0_,.....; fi Jl::JI
    /i-cyaa! ygargicuun tabat. The children
    are making a loud noise downstairs.

    w} gargaca (v.n.) loud noise, uproar.


    .JJ~.J~ grgwr
    garguur p. ~\} garaagiir fish
    trap (metal cage shaped like a beehive
    used for trapping fish).

    J_,J}

    I. to read. I~

    He reads and writes English. l_,.ji


    JU-1 ....l,j ~ ..r ~iJ 'agra w-aktib
    bass cala gad 1-baal. I read and write
    only to the extent of my abilities. 2. to
    recite, chant. J\~1 .:,-.- oJ.J-" I) gira
    suura min 1-gur'aan. He recited a
    chapter from the Quran. ~')Ljl ~ 1)1
    'igra ca[ee s-salaam. Kiss it good-bye.
    You won't see it again. 3. to study.
    ..?~ Jl.,;...;,.\ !J~ .,:,r-j 1)1 'igra zeen.
    c;ndak mtibaan baaCir. Study well.
    You have an examination tomorrow.

    521
    l_,j garra II 1. to cause to read. U"".J..U.I

    _r;J gisir (coiL) 1. peel, rind, skin. s.

    ~ ~~

    -a.

    !'""'I} 1-mudarris garraahum


    'imyat $ajha. The teacher made them
    read a hundred pages. 2. to teach s.o.
    U"".J..UI q } garreeta d-dars. I taught
    him the lesson.

    I_,All ngira VII pass. of I) gira.

    o_r;J gisra a peeling, piece of rind or


    skin (e.g., of a fruit), shell (of a nut, an
    egg, etc.). u-"1;-11 o_? gisrat r-raas
    dandruff.
    .J I ~ J.

    ~I) graaya 1. (v.n. from I) gira)


    recitation, reading. ~l::S01J ~I __,A.ll
    li-graaya w-li-ktaaba reading and
    writing. 2. (p. -aat) readings.

    ~JT_;J gur'aan Quran, the holy book of


    Muslims. ~~~ 0\_r---A.)i 1-gur'aan
    1-kariim the Holy Quran. ()..r:! 0LS"
    0\_,...All .:r--- ~~) ...1.>.........1 caan yruub
    li-msiid w-yigra min 1-gur'aan. He
    used to go to the mosque and recite
    from the Quran.

    '(l.j.JJ.

    JL.!J gsaar things, objects, odds and


    ends. ~ J o.JL.!.i ~ sal/ gsaara
    w-misa. He picked up his things and
    left.

    .b~J. gS{

    .k....!..i gisat (~ yagsu!) to scratch,


    nick, chip. .r.J.I ~ gi$a{ 1-meez. He
    scratched the table. ..:....b.....;. L..-1...,., )I
    "-"'.J r-ra$aa$a gsa{at raasa. The bullet
    grazed his head.

    .k...!..i gassat I. to peel off, scratch off.

    gry

    ~...Lill ~)I ~

    gassat r-rang
    1-gadiim. He peeled off the old paint.
    2. to rob, strip s.o. of his belongings.
    0 _,1..--:.;) ~ \~
    hajmaw calee
    w-gassatoo. They attacked him and
    robbed him .

    ~) garya (more common var. garya).


    See under r.j .J gry.

    ,j,jJ.

    gzz

    _;.j gazz (~ ygizz) to survey (land).


    ._;..J \11 j-Ai ~..LWI 1-baladiyya tgizz

    ~ tgassat
    gassat.

    l-'ar9. The municipality surveys land.


    ji;J gazzaaz p. -iin surveyor (of land).
    ~..LWI J-> jl_;.j ~ yistagil gazzaaz

    bagg 1-baladiyya. He works as a


    surveyor for the municipality.

    .;,JMJ.

    gsaar

    gsr

    _r;J gassar II to peel, pare, shell.


    4-lS""\j ~ j:i ~LA:ll _rJ gassir t-tiffaal)a
    gabil-la taakilha. Peel the apple before
    you eat it.

    _r.JJ tgassar II pass. of II _rJ gassar.

    pass. of II ..k.._:.j

    ~~J. g$b
    ~ gi$ab (~ yag$ib) to cut
    meat. ~~ ~ yl....a.AJI l-ga$$aab
    yag$ib 1-la~zam. A butcher cuts meat.

    ~ ga$$ab II intens. of~ gi$ab.

    r' lh ~ ~ Ia tga$$ib haaoa


    1-la}J,am. Don't cut up this meat.

    ~~ g$aaba (v.n. from~ gi$ab)


    butchering, meat cutting, butcher's
    trade.

    522
    ~L...ai ga$$aab

    p. ~L.,.it ga$$aasiib

    butcher, meat cutter. )fl ~I <,.>_r.:;.i \...


    yL.,a.ill ,y rna 'astiri 1-la~am 'ilia min
    l-ga$$aab. I buy meat only from a
    butcher.
    ~ mag$aba

    p. ~LA... magaa$ib l.
    butcher's shop. 2. slaughterhouse.

    ~(j&'~ g$b
    ~ ga$ab (coli.) 1. stalks, reeds. s.
    ~ g$uba. ~\ ~ ga$ab
    s-sukkar sugar cane. 2. gold and silver
    thread or embroidery.
    ~ ga$aba reed, stalk. ~l_,hl ~~
    l-ga$aba 1-hawaa'iyya the windpipe.

    J~~ g$d

    .L..ai gi$ad (..L...a.A:! yag$id)

    to mean,

    intend, have in mind. ~ l a ii ':.


    s-tag$id? What do you mean? L..
    ~ ...:..>..L.a.t rna gi$atf sayy. I didn't
    mean anything. u"'_,1 o~ \... J ~ ..1....a.i
    gi$ad yguul rna cinda jluus. He
    intended to say he didn't have any
    money.

    ..L....dl gti$ad VIII to be economical,


    frugal, thrifty. ~ J..lZ \... .J...,.:cij \... 1~1
    'ioa rna tigfa$id rna tigdar reus. If you
    don't economize, you can't make
    much of your life.

    ..L.d ga$d intent, intention.

    J..,a.i

    ,y- can

    ga$d intentionally . ..L.a.t 0 _,~ b-duun


    ga$d unintentionally, inadvertently.
    ~ !.\..L.,a.i_.;;. s-ga$dak? What do you
    mean? ._:.,)'~\ <,.>.J....-,aj ga$di
    1-kumbyaalaat. I mean (bank) drafts.
    o~ ga$iida p. -4\...,aj ga$aayid poem.
    ~1-,a::i\ gfi$aad (v.n. from VIII ..L.,.cil

    l. economy, economization.
    (,)""1.:- ..)L...,.ci\ gfi$aad siyaasi political
    economy. 2. economics . ..)\..,.cil u"'J~
    yidris
    'igfi$aad
    He's studying
    economics. ..)L,.:ci)fl ~ kulliyyat
    l-igli$aad the college of economics.
    gfi$ad)

    ':f~L.a::il gli$aadi l. thrifty, frugal. 2.


    economic. <,.>..)L..:ci)fl ~ _,.ll 1-wapc
    l-igli$aadi the economic situation.

    .J(j&'~ g$r
    ~ gi$ir (~ yig$ar) to be or be-

    come short, shorter. JJ!I ~~ .)


    ~ ji $-$eef 1-leel yig$ar. In the
    summer nights become shorter. ~
    JG ...L..;.-1_, <,.>y....-:.,1 .y _,...:.ll ~ gi$ir
    ca[eek 8-8oob. stiri waal}id (}aani. The
    dress is too short for you. Buy another
    one.
    ~ ga$$ar

    II 1. to shorten, make
    short or shorter. o_,..aj .J-_,k _}..J-1 U.
    hal-babil {awiil. ga$$ra. This rope is
    long. Shorten it. 2. (with J.fi) to fail
    (an examination). JL>...:..)fl J ~
    ga$$ar ji li-mtibaan. He failed the
    examination.
    3. to fall behind, lag
    behind (in s.th.). 4...::, J _,..aj ga$$ar fi
    sugla. He didn't do a good job. o_,i
    ~ \... \J-j

    JL:,.,. J

    'ubuu rayyaal zeen;


    rna yga$$ir. His father is a good man;
    he doesn't let anyone down. !~i

    . .:. > ~ L.. 'a~sant! rna ga$$art. Bravo!


    You did your best.
    ~ tga$$ar V to be shortened. U.
    ~ . .:. > y-S:J1 hal-kuut rna yitga$$ar.
    This coat cannot be shortened.

    ~ gi$ar (v.n. from _rit gi$ir) shortness, smallness. ~ _rit gi$ar na(Jar
    shortsightedness, nearsightedness.

    523
    ~ ga#r p. .J~ g.~uur castle,
    palace. ~I ~ gasr s-seex the
    Shaikh's palace . ......o...:-Ji ~ ga~r s-siif
    the palace by the seashore.
    ~ ga#ir p. -iin, .J~ g~aar short.
    ~_,b y .r-- '~ L... saa/im ga~iir,
    muub tawiil. Salim is short, not tall.

    ~ .J..I.Z .J..I.Z lo~

    oWi/-masaafa
    tigdar tamsi. The distance is
    short; you can walk. ~ ~ ga~iir
    na(Jar shortsighted.

    ga~iira;

    ~~ 'ag~ar (elat.) 1. (with u-- min)


    shorter than. 2. (with foil. n.) the
    shortest.

    .J.J-IiJ

    g~uur (v.n. from ~ gi~ir) I.


    deficiency, shortcoming.
    2. negligence, neglectfulness.

    _rPU gaa#r (v.n. from~ gi~ir) I.


    (p.
    -fin, _,.-:; gi~~ar) minor, legal
    minor. ~ oi.JJ !.1;J ..:.>L. maat w-tirak
    waraa gi~~ar. He died and left minor
    2. unable (to do s.th.),
    children.
    incapable (of doing s.th.). o.r"'l.i ~~
    yaddi gaa~ra. I am powerless. I can't
    do anything.

    tired, weary, fatigued. ~ Ji--!..11


    s-sugul ga~~a. Work made him tired.
    ~ gi~a (v.n. from~ ga~~) tiredness, weariness, fatigue. ~ ...1..>-L...
    ~~ ma/:tf:tad minhum b-gi~aaya.
    None of them works as hard as I do.
    None of them is as tired as I am.
    ~ mga~~

    p. -aat pair of scissors,


    shears. (prov.) y .JU. J.-5'J ~ J 4.)~ ..JI lil:zya w-1/:layya w-kill saarib
    'ila mga~~ Your fingers are not the
    same. Different strokes for different
    folks. (lit., "A beard and a little beard
    and each mustache has its scissors.").

    ~~~~ g~g~
    ~ ga~ga~ (yga~gi~) to cut s.th. up

    (e.g., paper, cloth, hair, etc.), cut s.th.


    into pieces. y _,_.!]I ~ ga~ga~
    8-0oob. He cut up the dress. ~
    J'u, _;.ll ga~ga~ 1-gir{aas. He shredded
    the paper.
    ~ tga~ga~ ('-'a ii ao!yitga~ga~)

    pass. of~ ga~ga~.


    .;~~ gtr

    ga{tar II 1. to distill. ~LI.I ~


    ga!{ar 1-maay. He distilled the water.
    2. to drop, drip, fall into drops. _; Y-'
    r-A' ~ i J->:- )I ..::...>-.J 14>-L.,., y Y' cYuuni
    muub ~aal)ya; ril)t laji/ 'agat{irhum.
    My eyes are not good; I went to have
    eyedrops put in them.

    ,..Y

    ~~~ g~~
    ~ ga~~ (~ygi~~) I. to cut, cut off,
    clip (s.th. with scissors). U'lb _;.ll ._ra:;
    ga~~ 1-girtaas. He cut the paper . ._ra:;
    l....,.:.,..iJi ~ LJ..
    gi-5-5-li /al:zma min
    1-faxio. Cut a piece of meat for me
    from the leg. 2. to lie, tell lies. /.:.
    ~ ~ r..S _,...; .o......;.. .:l.l~ diir baalak
    minna. tara ygi-5-5 cafeek Be careful
    with him because he will lie to you. 3.
    to incite to evil, tempt. 0~1 ~ ~
    ga-5-5 cafee s-saytaan. The devil has
    talked evil to him. 4. to make s.o.

    ~ gitar Qatar (the State of Qatar).


    ~ a..._..\.$. d....>- J..UI d-dool)a caa~imat
    gi{ar. Doha is the capital of Qatar.

    1$_,..hi g(ari (common var. gitri)

    I.
    characteristic of Qatar, from Qatar.
    ~)U ~~~:. ~.l..J. haaoi disdaasa

    524

    g[ariyya. This is a dishdash from


    Qatar. 2. (p. -yyiin) a Qatari, person
    from Qatar. o_,...$"'}I .:..r-- <,> )U lii 'aana
    g[ari min 1-wakra. I am a Qatari from
    Al-Wakra.

    u.b '-'

    ~ gi(in (coiL) cotton.~ L. JU!I


    ~ 1-gi!in rna yitfac hni. Cotton
    doesn't grow here.

    IJL..bi gattaan p. -iin cotton merchant,


    cotton manufacturer.

    o~ ga[ra p. -aat

    1. drop. ?: ,y o)U
    ga{ra min bal:zar drop in the ocean.
    (prov.) _~-..J.i;. ~ J o)U ~ o)U ga(ra
    cala gatra w-fi$bil:z gadiir. If you take
    care of your pennies, the dollars will
    take care of themselves.

    .J .b ""

    )L.-.. saafar b-1-gi(aar. He


    traveled by train.

    cat. (prov.) ~lk.- __,.k.; ga(u mataabix.


    He eats like a pig. (lit., "A cat of
    kitchens.").

    'i .b ""

    min tyuur 1-jaziira 1-carabiyya. Sand


    grouse are among the birds of the
    Arabian peninsula.

    )U ga((ar)

    distilling, distillation.
    ~ mga((ar (p.p. from II )U ga((ar)
    distilled. ~ <,>L.... maay mgattar
    distilled water.

    .b .b "" g(!

    .kJ garr (~ ygi!!) 1. to throw s. th.


    away, discard. iiJ..UI J .......ki gatta fi
    d-draam. He threw it away in the
    garbage can.
    2. to put, place. .h..;
    J_,:..--J~ .J\...L-ll
    gi!! s-saamaan
    b-s-stoor. Put the merchandise in the
    storehouse. 3. to drop s.o. (at some
    place), to cause to get off, disembark.

    )..UI

    ..L...:.? ~ J o).~-..J~ ~.b:.

    xioni
    b-s-sayyaar~ w-gi{!ni c;nd d-daar.
    Take me by car and drop me off at the
    house.

    .kJ gat! (v.n.) 1. throwing away, discarding. 2. putting, placing, causing to


    get off.

    .b ~ g!c. See under t tgr.

    gty

    I..Y ga(a (coli.) sand grouse. s. ollii -a.


    ~ __,.J I ;; .r-:! _):.I J _,_.J:. 0--' Lk.All 1-ga{a

    oJlW gattaara p. -aat eyedropper.


    ~ tag(iir (v.n. from II

    g{W

    _,..ki ga(u p. oJ\.kj g(aawa f. o_# ga(Wa

    JL....Iai gi(aar p. -aat (railroad) train.


    JL.._kA.)~

    gtn

    ~ ~""

    g(Jb

    ~ gi(Jab (~ yag(Jib) 1. to hold,


    hold fast. (prov.) ~ "') ._:lj y. ~I
    4,._;.. ~ i
    'ig(Jab maynuunak Ia yiik
    'ayann minna. A bird in the hand is
    worth two in the bush. (lit., "Hold on
    to your crazy person lest a crazier one
    comes to you."). 2. to grab, seize.

    '-"'_,....l4JI ...,_.kj gi(Jab li-jluus. He grabbed


    the money. p.ll ...,_.kj gi(Jab 1-mimbar.
    He mounted the pulpit.

    J~~ g(Jl
    ~ ga(Jla hair style. ~ tiki y.i
    'ubu ga(Jla mmassata one with a nice
    hair style.

    Jt ~

    gcd

    .LA! gicad ( ~ yagcid) 1. to sit down,


    take a seat.

    ..u;J L..>.. ya w-gicad. He

    came and sat down. ! ..~.Ail ~ tfa9(Jal

    525

    igcid! Please sit down. 2. to sit, be


    sitting. ri..G ..L...,ji ~~ 'abga 'agcid
    jiddaam. I would like to sit in front.
    o~ _r.-.A.:ll ~ L.;..W gicadna.fi 1-~a.fiiz
    nantura. We sat in the office waiting
    for him. 3. to remain, stay, dwell, live.
    Lllil ..:1-~J ~ (,/-~ ~ \..;..W gicadna.fi
    dbayy sana w-bacdeen ntigalna. We
    lived in Dubai for a year, and then
    moved. 4. (with foil. imperf.) to start
    to do s. th. V'_;..L....! ..W gicad yidris. He
    started to study. ~UI i f ....:J _,.-j L;..W
    J-)!1 ~ J1 ~ gicadna nsoolif min
    s-saaca tisic 'ila nU-$-$ /-lee/. We started
    to chat from nine to midnight.

    .L.d gaccad II to seat s.o., make s.o.


    sit down . ..,.\...)j J..W ._,.._;..UI!-mudarris
    gaccadni jiddaama. The teacher seated
    me in front of him. ~ o.J...l J ..W r--"1=
    J J~ -.....;\ _,J J 6........... _;..UI jaasim gaccad
    wlida .fi 1-madrasa
    wala inna
    o$gayyruun. Jasim entered his son m
    school although he was very young.
    ~l_Aj tgaacad VI to retire. ~\.A.ji L-I.J
    .i!JL.....:...il ~L).,.I ~I

    raayi~

    ..l..Alil ngicad

    (with ~ .fi) to be

    'atgaacad
    s-sana 1-yaaya nsaaffa. I am going to
    retire next year, God willing.
    VII

    lived in, be occupied. \ t--" J ~_;A.] I L;,


    y ~ L.. hal-jiriij WG-$X; ma yingicid
    fii. This neighborhood is dirty; it can't
    ~I ~ o..W

    gacda cala s-siif sitting by the


    seashore. 2. getting together, session.
    ~j o...L..t..i\1 . L( JL.U tacaal yammna.
    1-gacda zeena. Come to our place.
    Getting together is good.

    J::, ou 1-gicda name of

    the eleventh month of the Muslim


    year.
    ~~

    gucuud p. 01..L....:; gicdaan, ~1_;


    guwaaciid. I. mature young camel. 2.
    period of mourning or grief.
    o~ giciida p. -aat: )~ o~ giciidat
    daar housewife, homemaker.
    ~\.A...

    J....AA.o magead p.
    bench.

    magaacid seat,

    ..l&-l..AJ tagaacud (v.n. from VI ~l..Z


    tgaacad) retirement, pension. Lr--"
    ~LA.::ll sinn t-tagaacud the age of
    retirement. ~WI ~ o)L:.- ~aaluu
    cafa t-tagaacud. They pensioned him
    off. They forced him to retire.

    ..l&-U gaacid (act. part. from ..W gicad)


    I. sitting, sitting down. ~\..j ~ y.
    L.;~IJ huwa hni gaacid wiyyaan~. He's
    here, sitting with us. 2. unemployed,
    idle. ~ ~ ~ L.. . ~~ gaacid. rna
    ~Go$-$al sugul bacad. He's unemployed.
    He hasn't gotten a job yet. 3. (with
    foil. imperf.) in the process of doing
    s.th., engaged in. V'.J~ ~\..j gaacid
    yidris. He's studying. 0_,5'~ ..:1-~~
    gaacdiin
    yit~aacuun.
    They are
    engaged in a conversation.

    ~J~ gfS
    4 -~

    be lived in.

    o.L.d gacda I. sitting.

    o..W gicda: o..w.ll

    a.i gafta 1. (p.

    b. ladle.
    anchor.

    2.

    _;,w gfaaS) a. spoon.

    (p. -aat) fluke of an

    JJ~ gff

    guffa p. .....A.-.Qj gufaf, -aat large


    basket made from palm leaves.

    526

    JJ~ gfl

    J-Ai

    gaffal

    0:-J ~WI

    II 1. to lock, lock up. J.U


    ga.ffa/1-baab leen tifac.
    He locked the door when he went out.
    .JY,I j5" JAi V'J\.;1...11-~aaris gaffal kill
    1-biibaan. The guard locked up all the
    doors. 2. (with ~ cala) to block
    (one's way). ~)JI ~ J-A.i gaffal
    cafayya t-tariig. He blocked my way.

    VII to be locked, locked


    up. ..::-..J.,.i.Ajl J~l j.5" kill 1-biibaan
    ngiflat. All the doors were locked up.
    ~ Le 4.i )-1 \..& hal-xazna ma tingifil.
    This safe cannot be locked up.
    J...."il ngifal

    J-Ai

    guji{ p. jLUI gfaa!

    I. lock. 2.

    padlock.

    JUi gfaaf (common var. Jl:; gaffaa!)


    end of the pearling season (usually at
    the end of the summer).
    U!l.i gaafl.a p. j.tl_,i gawaafi! I. caravan. 2. convoy.
    ~~J~ gfaa$
    4.)1'-y.s' g{aa$ p. -aat drinking glass.

    ~J~ g{b
    ~

    gi{ab (~ yag{ib) I. to tum,


    tum over. ~~ ..,_..l;l 'igfib $-$afo.a.
    Tum the page. 2. to tum upside down,

    tum over. ft!~l ,y oJl::-- J a...s.~ ~


    ~ ~i$al dacma w-sayyaara min
    s-siyaayiir g/ubat. There was a car
    accident and one of the cars turned
    upside down. ~ JL.p Jl~ ~ .;:J
    W..UI leen simac b-1/i $Oar gi/ab
    d-dinya. When he heard about what
    had happened, he raised heaven and
    earth. 3. to invert, reverse. ~ J..LQj
    ~ J u ~~ IL tigdar tag/ib haaoa

    1-kuut w-tilibsa. You can tum this coat


    inside out and wear it. 4. to tum
    somersaults, tumble. ~ ~\.A'- ~ .y
    jii bacp !Jamaam yag/ib. There are
    some pigeons that tum somersaults. 5.
    to upset, overturn, topple. ..,.._li pi
    J...U,.I 1-ga{u gifab 1-jidir. The cat upset

    the pot.
    ~ ga!!ab II I. to stir, stir up. ~
    J~ ':1 j.S\11 ga!fib 1-'akillayi~tirig.

    Stir up the food so it doesn't burn. 2.


    to examine, study, scrutinize. ~
    ol~l L...... ~ ._,...\.l1 ga!!ab li-ktaab
    gabil-ma stiraa. He examined the
    book before he bought it.
    ~

    1. to toss and tum.


    .) ~ tgaflab
    ji 1-kirfaaya saaca gabi/-ma rigad. He
    tossed and turned in bed for an hour
    before he fell asleep. 2. to be fickle,
    changeable, variable. ~ \ .U..l.,aj 'i
    Ia 1$addga; yitga!!ab. Don't believe
    him; he's fickle.~ ;~-......... \111-'ascaar
    titgaf{ab. Prices are subject to change.
    Prices fluctuate.
    tgaf!ab

    ..UJ Lo ~ ~L... ~L; _?:]1

    ~~ ngi{ab

    1. to tum upside
    down. t?J}JI ~~ ngi{ab 1-/oory. The
    truck turned upside down.
    2. to
    change into, turn into, become.
    (prov.) ~~ J~IJ J_,...j. JJi .JL..j
    J ~ zamaan 'awwal t~awwal
    w-1-gazal ngi{ab $UUj Times change.
    Things are no longer the same. (lit.,
    "The olden times have changed and
    spun thread has changed into wool.").
    3. (with~ cafa) to turn on or against
    VII

    s.o. .:1-~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~f-j .)t$'


    caan zeen bass ngi/ab cafa $idiija
    bacdeen. He was very good, but he

    JJ~

    527

    ..LlA.! /-gird ygallid 1-'insaan.

    turned on his friend later on.

    0L-i)ll

    ~ ga{b p. y

    Monkeys imitate human beings. 2. to


    forge, counterfeit. !.! ~ l.,Q....! ..UZ ':1 Ia
    tgallid 'im(Ja geerak. Don't forge other
    people's signatures.

    _,.J.; g{uub 1. heart.


    (prov.) ~ ',$..U J ..,.JiJ ',$..UJ ~ ~
    ~

    ga{bi cafa wlidi w-ga{b wlidi cafa


    ~axar. (lit., "I worry about my son, but
    my son's heart is rocks."). J5' ,y ~IJ
    ~ waafag min kill gafba. He agreed
    wholeheartedly. ~ J...S" .:_r--- U.i*yihwaaha min kill ga{ba. He loves her
    with all his heart. (prov.) ..,.Ji ._,.J.All
    ~ y _,....; y .fliJ ~~ 1-gafb ga{b oiib
    w-e-eoob (}oob ncaya. A lion in
    sheep's clothing. ...,._lill ~u gaasi
    1-gafb cruel, hardhearted . ._,.J.All ~
    (Jaciifl-ga!b cowardly, fainthearted.
    Y~ ga{faab p. ~')\.; gafaafiib, -aat

    dump truck.
    ~"jJ ga!!aabi: ,_,r-')\.; rlr- l:zamaam
    ga!!aabi pigeons that turn somersaults.
    y'>L-AJI ngifaab p. -aat coup d'etat,
    overthrow.

    fo

    mag{uub (p.p. from ..,.Ji gi{ab)


    I. turned upside down, turned over.
    y _,.LAl~ b-1-mag{uub upside down. ':1
    y _,.LAl~ ~ ~ _,..J:-1 ~? Ia txa{{i
    1-juuti l:zaggak b-1-mag{uub. Don't
    leave your shoes upside down. 2.
    I :I\...,. ~ ...r-:-I
    wrong st"de out. y .r"""
    libas gamii~a b-1-mag/uub. He put on
    his shirt inside out. 4.S:-':}~ -.r-':1 .o..il ~
    y .,.W~ yi(Jhar 'inna laabis dlaaga
    b-1-mag{uub. It seems that he's
    wearing his socks inside out.
    y

    ~ mitga!/ib (act. part. from V ~


    tga!!ab) fickle, changeable, capricious.

    .lJ~ gld

    ...L.li gallad II I. to imitate, copy. ~ _;.ll

    ~ tagliid (v.n.)

    1. imitation.
    forging, counterfeiting.

    2.

    I$~

    tagliidi traditional, customary,


    conventional.

    t.J~ glc
    ~ galea p. t. ':>U glaac I. fortress,
    army fort. o)-! J5' ~ o~ Wi ~
    tl:za~~il gafca Cibiira fi kill 'imaara.
    You will find a big fortress in every
    emirate. 2. big rock.

    JJ~ gil

    jJ gall

    (~ ygill) to decrease, dimin-

    ish, to be or become less, little,


    smaller, fewer. r~\lll.2. ..:..J.; .r.)--1 J~i
    'acmaal 1-xeer gal/at hal-ayyaam.
    Charitable deeds have decreased these
    days. ~ .J~ ._Qji o~ .y ~ \.... ......;;.\.,...
    ~I ~ macaasa rna ygil/ can casara
    'alf dirhim ji s-sahar. His salary is not
    less than ten thousand dirhams a
    month. y.iS ~':1 ...,..u1 ~ -..:. . .,; ..::....U
    gallat giimta cind n-naas /inna Cioab.
    He lost the respect of the people
    because he lied.

    J--li

    galla/ II to reduce, decrease,


    lessen. r_,.._,ll ~\ r- J.-.U y~l
    1-ga~~aab galla! sicr 1-/a}:lam 1-yoom.
    The butcher has reduced the price of
    meat today. Y~..r"' ~1}-:!j ,y ..:..1t ~
    lees gallatt min zyaaraatak ~oobna?
    Why have you reduced the frequency
    of your visits to us? .JI_r-ll j.lA; b!

    JJ~

    528

    ~I ~

    .!L _#- 'iOa tgallill-miizaan

    yl)u{tuunak .fi s-sijin. If you shortweigh the scales, they will put you in
    jail.

    Jl,ij tgallal V pass. of II Jli galla/.


    ~I

    stagall X to be or become
    independent. '~ ~ JL.1 '~ J-!
    0L.. j .:.,-- ~I bu 9abi, taal cumrak,
    stagallat min zamaan. Abu Dhabi,
    may
    you
    live
    long, became
    independent a long time ago. : :;'j J ~I

    0:!~1

    0~ ~ri

    tJ ~

    1-'awlaad hni .fi 'amriika yistagilluun


    gab/ 1-cisriin. Youngsters here in
    America live independently before the
    age oftwenty.

    LLi gil/a (v.n. from Ji gall) lack, scarcity, shortage. ~ w gillat fahim lack
    of understanding. Jy-:.. u gillat
    sucuur insensitivity. ~ 4J.j gillat l)aya
    shamelessness, insolence. ..!..L;.... ~ w
    ~f. 0 J~ ~ gillat l)aya minnie

    titlaciin b-duun birgic. It's shameful of


    you to go out without a veil.
    ~ giliil (less common var.jiliil) 1.
    not many or much, a few, a little. o~
    ~ ~ cinda kutub giliila. He has a
    few books. J-1.' o ~ catni gahwa
    giliil. Give me a little coffee. 2. insufficient, meager, scanty, small. V"}All
    ~ r.j..LS- JJili-jluus illi c;ndi giliila.
    The money I have is insufficient.
    ~ r.j~i J..ui Lo .J# ~l......o macaasi
    giliil. ma 'agdar 'astiri beet. My wages
    are meager. I can't buy a house. 3 .
    .. 1 1: . ~l_l - 0 ~
    rare, scarce. ~
    ~ t.J>"
    .r- !.,?II\
    'illi yimsuun l)agg 1-l)afiiz giliiliin.
    Those who walk to the office are rare.
    4. (foil. by v.) rarely, scarcely. ~

    ~:::; C)) giliil 'aruul) dbayy. I rarely

    go to Dubai.

    JJf

    'agall (elat.) 1. (with ,y min) less


    than. ("""' J::; yl ,y jii 'agall min 'imyat
    dirhim less than a hundred dirhams.
    ~i ~.::..-Ah difact 'agall. I paid l~ss. 2.
    (with foil. n.) the least.~ jil ~;:;
    difaCf 'agall sayy. I paid the least. Jsj,_j~l caza 1-'agall at least. ~ L. l~l
    1.5 ~ j-.J~I ~ JS''I.. ; 'ioa ma tabi
    taakil cala 1-'agall tagahwa. If you
    don't want to eat, at least have some
    coffee. .r--lZ jii ~ cala 'agall tagdiir
    at the lowest estimate.

    4Jif 'agalliyya p. -aat minority.


    J~l stiglaal (v.n. from X ~~
    stagall) independence.

    jA::--o mistagill (act. part. from

    JA::--1

    stagall)
    separate. ~
    separate office.

    1. independent. 2.
    ~ l)afiiz mistagi/1

    JJ~ g!!
    LLi galla p. -aat large basket or sack
    (usually of dates). c::--" w ga!!at siM
    basket of ripe dates.
    ~J~ glm
    ~ gallam

    II

    to prune, trim (trees,

    bushes, etc.) ~1.:, ~I ~ rj'j


    laazim tgallim s-siyar oall)iin. you
    have to prune trees now.
    ~ tgallam V pass. of II ~ gal/am.
    ~ ga{am p. 6...o')\; g{aama, r".>UI g{aam

    1. pencil, pen. _r..->- ~ ~ yikitb


    He writes with a
    b-ga{am l)ibir.
    fountain pen. ~ b-gafam written by.
    0L........W1 ( L... ~ ~IJ)I r-riwaaya

    J u~
    .u

    529

    b-ga{am saalim 1-fagcaan. The play is


    written by Salim Al-Fag'an.
    2.
    department, section. ..::...~L-::1-1 ~
    gafam 1-/:lisaabaat the accounting
    department. .;J_r-ll ~ ga{am 1-muruur
    the traffic bureau.

    ijJ~ g/y
    ~ gifa (~yigfi) to fry.~ J:t
    gi{a bee{Jteen. He fried two eggs. J:t
    ~~ gila s-simac. He fried the fish.

    J J:t

    J:t

    ~ ga{{a II =
    gila. ~
    gaflii-li bee{Jteen
    = ~
    ~I
    'ig{ii-li bee{Jteen. Fry two eggs for me.

    ,fl tga{{a

    pass. of II

    ~ mag/a p.

    JL.A.o

    J:t ga{{a.
    magaa{i frying

    pan.
    ~ magli fried. ~ ~ simac
    magfi fried fish.

    '.;f>~ gmr
    _;~U gaamar III to gamble. J->- J _rli

    "-" p JS'

    gaamar w-xisar kill fluusa.


    He gambled and lost all his money.
    _;~l..A.a

    mgaamir (act. part.) p. -iin


    gambler.

    JW gmaar gambling. l)

    ~~_,...,.... .;L..A.ll

    'il

    li-gmaar l:zaraam fi 1-'is/aam.


    Gambling is forbidden in Islam.
    ~"j.._,

    JMt>~ gms
    J~W gmaas (common var.)) luulu)
    (coli.) pearls. s. -a. o.;U J-L...All o};.
    t....(..li tijaarat li-gmaas tijaara gidiima.
    The pearl trade is an old trade . .;.w
    if~ gmaas $inaaci cultured pearls.

    ~f"~ gm$
    ~ gamii$ p. 0L.,a.....; gum$aan 1.

    shirt. 2. gown, dress. ry


    noom night gown.

    gamii$

    l:t ,.~ gmt

    Lk.J gam{a p. -aat handful. ~ 6.,6...;


    gamtat cadas handful of lentils.
    (prov.) l?.J~ L.... ~1_, l?.J~ '-?.;~~I
    ....r'.J....>. ~ J ~ -'illi yidri yidri w-tlli
    rna yidri yguu/ gamtat cadas. Fair
    without and foul within.

    J ,.~

    gm!

    j...J gamma! II to be or become infested with lice. t-" )1 ,:r j......; "-"'.J
    raa$a gamma{ min l-wa$ax. His head
    became lice-infested from the filth.

    j.J gamuf (coli.) lice. s. -a.


    f" ,.~ gmm

    W gimma p. r-..i gimam 1. top, sum-

    ,Jf"~ gmr

    .;-rJ gumar

    p . .;Wi 'agmaar moon. _ri


    ~ gumar ceeni my sweetheart (said
    to a child). _rAJI
    {ifac 1-gumar. The
    moon rose.

    o.rJ

    went on a picnic last night and it was a


    beautiful moonlit night. 2. moonlight.

    gamra p. -aat 1. moonlit night.


    d....:..!j o~ ..:..,jl5"' _, ._,..,.i ti:J l:..:..:;.5" kisatna
    lee/at 'ams w-caanat gamra zeena. We

    mit. ~I W gimmat 1-yiba/ the top of


    the mountain. 2. summit (conference).
    a_..; ;-1_;.. mu'tamar gimma summit
    conference.

    J "':' u~

    gnbl

    4....-l,.:i gumbula, gunbula p.


    ganaabil bomb.

    J.La

    530

    .JU~ gnw

    ~u~ g~
    ~gina$ (Ayagni$) to hunt. L:...J.l:,

    il..:.i ganaa p.

    IJ":!~I oU

    tifacna nagni$. We went hunting.


    ji_;.S. ~ gina$ gazaal. He hunted a

    deer.
    ~I ~ .J-j t.fi H

    1-gana$ yistawi zeen


    ji s-sita. Hunting is good during the
    winter.

    ~L..:.i gannaa$ p. -a, -iin hunter. J..ai


    J..L.:ll 0:-1 ~j L-PI..:i t/Ja$$if gannaa$a
    zeeniin been 1-badu. You will find
    good hunters among the bedouins.

    J~u~ g~z

    J..-a.:i

    gun$ul (more common var.


    gun$u/). See under J ~ ut ~I.

    .J~U~ gntr

    )d gantar. See under.; ut gntr.


    t.u~ gnc
    ~

    ginac (~ yignac) to be or become


    convinced, persuaded . ...l!i ~ Lo ~~
    caniid; rna yignac 'abad. He's
    obstinate; he won't be convinced.
    ~ ~ ~ 0:1 ginac leen cal/amta
    b-kill sayy. He became convinced
    when I told him everything.

    ~ gannac II to persuade, convince.


    oy\J ~..LJ )l-i ~ gannacni 'asaafir
    /andan wiyyaa. He persuaded me to

    travel to London with him.


    tgannac V pass. of II

    ~~ gtinac

    ganaat s-swees the Suez

    Canal.
    ,;O~ ghr

    ~ gana$ (v.n.) hunting. ~I

    ..:..>l_r:i ganawaat canal.

    VIII =

    gannac.

    e ginac.

    uu~ gnn
    IJyL.J gaanuun (more common var.
    gaanuun). See under uutgnn.

    ,AI gihar.

    See under .;oJ qhr.

    .JO~ ghw

    4S,J-ii

    gahwa (l..}~ygahwi) to give


    coffee to s.o., welcome s.o. with
    coffee. ~ .JL..,b.;ll ~.,ni gahweet
    1-xuttaar killahum. I gave coffee to all
    the guests. t.,fi41J ~IS' Lo . Jl_nj ~~
    I,)",.._1;
    $idiiji gahwaani. rna caan
    wiyyaay fluus. My friend bought me
    coffee. I didn't have any money with
    me .
    I..S J-fA1 tagahwa (c.S ~ yitgahwa) to
    drink coffee, have coffee (with s.o.).
    L.....i41J I~ J w~ IJL>. yaw cindana
    w-tagahwaw wiyyaana. They came to
    our place and had coffee with us.
    !c.S~ ~ tfa99al tagahwa! Please
    have some coffee!

    i .J-+1 ghawa (common var. gahwa) I.


    coffee. o.,r-+i ~_r;. sribt ghawa. I had
    some coffee. 2. (p. t.fi J4i gahaawi)
    coffeehouse, coffee shop, cafe. ,;+-:!
    t.fi J~l ~ yishar fi 1-gahwaawi. He
    stays up at night in coffeehouses.

    .J~.J~ gwtr
    i ,;J} gootra (adv., invar.) 1. by force.
    0;} 4..:..o ~.1.:- xaoeetta minna gootra.
    I took it from him by force. 2. chaos,
    confusion, disorder. ~ !.1~ ii;} 6.JWI
    /-mas 'ala gootra c;ndak? Why are you
    creating this chaos?

    531
    .J,J~ gwd

    LJ-1
    I J 5- u LS~
    - ._,...)_'--

    .)W gaad (~ ~ yguud) 1. to lead,


    command. ~ _rJ.:-1 ~ ~ -4Ull 1-gaayid
    yguud li-jnuud. A commander leads
    soldiers. 2. to drive, steer (e.g., a car).
    oJ~I ~_,.._.4: ~ ~ teal/am keef

    yguud s-sayyaara. He learned how to


    drive a car.
    .) __,.J gawwad II to procure, pimp. ~
    ill J J~ ~ ._,...L..; fii naas ygawwduunlak. There are people who will procure
    for you.
    O.)l_,..l gwaada (v.n.) 1. procurement,
    pimping. 2. prostitution.
    .)l_,..l gawwaad p. -4JI_,; giwaawiid I.
    pimp, procurer. dJL)I t) -4)1_,; ~
    c}.::LI t) t}Ja$$il giwaawiidfi 1-baaraat
    fi 1-xaarij. You find pimps in bars
    abroad. 2. o~l~ gawwaada p. -aat
    madam, manager of a house of
    prostitution.

    I..J'U.J~ gws
    ~__,.J goos p . ._,...l~i 'agwaas 1. bow,
    longbow. yL..:..i J ._,..._,; goos w-nissaab
    bow and arrow. 2. arch, vault. 3.
    ~ _; (gooseen) parentheses . ..P.-- _,; l.r.:!
    been gooseen in parentheses.

    '.j ~ .J ~ gw{i
    ..):;} guuti (less common var. guuti) p.
    ~l_)j guwaa{i 1. tin, can. <..:-:!_r-.:;,1
    1L...b ~ _; stireet guu{iyyeen tamaa{.
    I bought two cans of tomatoes. 2.
    pack, packet. .r- L..S:.:,. ~ _; guuti
    jigaayir pack of cigarettes.

    t.J~ gwc

    tu

    gaac

    cindi gaac fi
    raas 1-xeerna. I own a piece of land in
    Ras Al-Khaima. 3. floor. t_ \.A.JI ~ ..UJ
    rigad cala 1-gaac. He slept on the
    floor. 4. (p. 0\..Y gUCaan) bottom. t_ t;
    ~I gaac 1-ba}Jar the bottom ofthe
    sea.

    'J.J~

    gwl

    J U gaal (J ~ yguul) 1. to say, tell. \.j i


    I..L........ ..::-J:; L.. 'aana ma gilt haaoa. I
    didn't say this. ~ ~~ <.,?l>-- y y ...;1 Ju
    gaal 'inna rnuub yaay 1-yoorn. He said
    that he wasn't coming today. J~
    !J..L.....a.ll guul $-$idj! Tell the truth!
    (prov.) ~ J~ 'J; J~ nguul 8oor,
    yguul }Jilba. (lit., "We say, 'Bull,' and
    he says, 'Milk it.'") describes s.o. who
    argues for an impossible thing. (prov.)
    ._;....G. J~ ~~~ J~ L.. JJI'illi rna
    ytuul t-canguud yguul }Jaarni(j. Sour
    g.rapes. (prov.) ~ ~~ Ju 4-0-lk Ju
    ~I gaal talligha gaal 'a!!a yifcan

    8-8inteen. Between the devil and the


    deep blue sea. Hobson's choice. !J_,;i
    'aguul! (Used to draw s.o. 's attention)
    Hey! Listen! 2. (with J /i-) to tell. Ju
    C:-:!IJ y _,..._. J gal-li rnuub raayi}J. He
    told me he wasn't going. ~.:.U Ju J-.:J
    wees gal-lak? What did he tell you?
    JU;I ngaal VII pass. of Ju gaal. ._,?
    J ~ L.. sayy rna yingaal something
    that shouldn't be said . .J J~ L.. !...b:.
    ~

    xa!!a! rna yingaal-la sayy. Leave

    him! He cannot be told anything.

    J-=.4.11J JL.All l-gaal w-1-giil, j\.A.JIJ ~I


    l-giil w-l-gaal idle talk, prattle, gossip.

    J..,_i goo!
    I. ground, earth. 2. land.

    saying.

    J\j

    (v.n. from
    ._,? JU!IJ

    Ju

    gaal) 1.
    ._,? J_,All !-goo!

    532

    saw w-[-jicif Sa.Y.Y Oaani.


    Saying
    something and doing something are
    two different things. J!ll J; ~ ca[a
    goo/ 1-maOa/ as the proverb says. 2.
    (p. Jiji 'agwaal) saying, proverb.

    JL...a.o magaal p. -aat article, piece of


    writing. o-L:!):-1 ;, jL..A.. ~ kitab
    magaal ji 1-jariida. He wrote an article
    in the newspaper. ~bl jl.Q... magaal
    'iftitaabi editorial, leading article.

    U JW mugaawala p. -aat deal,


    transaction, undertaking.
    ~lJ gaayil (act. part. from

    J!j gaal)
    ..Ll J .}-I..QJI ri

    having said s.th. ~I


    ~ ~ 'uhu 1-gaayil wild c-calb
    calbin miO/a. He's the one who has
    said, "Like father, like son." ..J J \ j l..ii
    !lb [_)_,...; ':1 'aana gaayil-la Ia truub
    hnaak. I have told him not to go there.

    JJL...A.o mgaawil contractor (usually


    building contractor).
    'I'

    J.J~ gwl
    J~

    goo! p. Ji_,5' gwaal goal (in

    sports).

    ._j':"' goo!Ci p. -Y.Ya goalkeeper.

    f-,J ~ gwm
    ~L.i gaam (~_,...A: yguum)

    I. to get up,

    stand up, rise. ! ~ ..ri>> ...J J!j gaa/-la,


    "guum!" He said to him, "Get up!"

    ~~ ._:.,..w..;) JLS::... .y ..:.-; gumt min


    mukaani w-gaccatt s-seeba. I got up
    from my place and seated the old man.
    2. (with y

    b-) to carry out, do, per-

    form. ~ly. ~ .,...Z ~ j':l laazim tguum


    b-waajbak. You have to carry out your
    duty . ...:...':}~':}\~~_;A;~~ J_;.ll
    l-firag s-sacbiyya
    tguum b-bac(J

    li-l:ztifaalaat. Popular folk troupes


    perform some of the celebrations. 3.
    (with ~ ca[a) to rise up against,
    revolt, rebel against. ~ ~u ~~
    :i_. _,.s:J-.1 s-sacb gaam cafa 1-!:zukuuma.
    The people rose up against the
    government. 4. to break out, flare up.
    ~ L. ~ ~\ 0!--! y

    _rll

    ..;_.l..j

    gamaat !-barb been l-gabilteen ca[a


    rna miis. War broke out between the
    two tribes for nothing. 5. (with foil.
    imperf.) to begin, start to do s.th. i\j
    <.../'J~ gaam yidris. He began to study.
    6. to start, begin. o".>l,aJI ...:;_.\j gaamat
    ~-~alaa. The time of prayer has come.
    ~_,.J gawwam II to make get up, make

    stand up. ~ __,..JI .:.r- ~; W"'l.l.l . :. . y


    ~oot
    1-maakiina gawwamni min
    n-noom. The noise of the engine woke
    me up. :i_.)-I ...:... ..l_.,j J .......; l5:... 0"-' ~ j
    o~ r-JI gawwamta min mukaana
    w-gaccatt 1-l:zurma f-cooda. I got him
    out of his seat and seated the old lady.
    ~ .J Li gaawam III I. to resist, oppose.

    J-<~! rJU. J~ L. J_,....5J1 1-kuuli rna


    yigdar ygaawim t-tindee/. A coolie
    cannot stand up against a foreman. 2.
    to rise up against, rebel against. ly J\j
    J~ ':11 gaawmaw li-l:ztilaal.

    They

    rose up against the occupation.

    ~yJ goom (v.n. from ~w gaam) I.


    getting up, standing up, rising. 2.
    (with y b-) carrying out, perfonning.

    3. (p. ~1_,..;i 'agwaam, ~I_,J gwaam)


    kinsfolk, tribesmen.

    Loli gaama p. -aat fathom (measure of


    length, approx. six feet).

    LlJ

    gyaama resurrection. Ll:A)i i y..

    533
    yoom
    li-gyaama
    the
    day of
    resurrection. L.ol:A]I ~ kaniisat
    li-gyaama the Church of the Holy
    Sepulchre.
    L...ol:A]I ...::...,.l....J gaamat
    li-gyaama. There was uproar, turmoil,
    and excitement.
    ~U.. magaam p. -aat 1. shrine, sacred
    place, tomb of a saint. 2. occasion. :,
    rUll l..i_.,. fi haaoa 1-magaam on this
    occasion. 3. standing, position, rank.
    c.j.J...:.s. rl....A.. .J L. ma Ia magaam Cindi. I
    don't respect him.

    ~~ tagwiim

    1. calendar. ~_,A.:ll

    c; ~I t-tagwiim 1-hijri the Hegira


    calendar, the Muslim calendar. ~_,A.:JI
    ~jJI t-tagwiim 1-garbi the Gregorian
    calendar.
    LaJW mgaawama (v.n. from III rJli

    gaawam) resistance . ..L.l:ll H-1 J->.)


    w JU.. 0 J~ dixa/1-jees 1-ba/ad b-duun
    mgaawama. The army entered the city
    without resistance. u'>lr \II ...L.P .._.. Ju,.
    mgaawama (Jidd 1-'amraa(J resistance
    to disease.

    Loli! 'igaama residence, stay.

    J..IZ L.

    Loli! 0 J..Lt ~ ma tigdar tiStagil

    b-duun 'igaama. You cannot work


    without a residence permit.

    !"!lJ gaayim (act. part. from rli gaam)


    1. having waked up. r_,...JI ,:r ~Li oj
    tawwa gaayim min n-noom. He has
    just waked up. 2. (with y b-) carrying
    out, performing, doing. ~ly. ~l....i
    gaayim b-waajba. He's carrying out
    his duty. jL...s-\14 ~U gaayim
    b-1-'acmaal charge d'affaires (dipl.)

    4li gaayma p. ~I} gawaayim


    roster.

    1. list,
    2. pillar, support . ..c.-11 ~1}

    gawaayim li-msiid the mosque pillars.


    3. menu, bill of fare. j.--S"\11 U_l.i
    gaaymat 1-'aki/ the menu.
    ~

    mustagiim 1. honest, righteous,


    upright. Jk~ Lo \~ JL.:.,.J l..i_.,.
    haaoa
    rayyaal
    mustagiim; ma
    yitbartal. This is an honest man; he
    cannot be bribed. 2. straight. ..k...:.:.
    ~ xa!f mustagiim straight line.

    {j U.J~ gwny

    4 j

    guuniyya p. ~1_; guwaani 1.


    large bag or sack (made of canvas or
    burlap). ~ _,Al4 ~~ c; j--!-j nistari
    1-cees b-1-guuniyya. We buy rice by
    the sack. 2. weight, approx. fifty kilograms.

    tj.J~ gwy

    r.i _,J giwi (LS ~ yigwa) 1. to be or become strong. c; ~ J p5 c;..U J ~u


    hall)iin wildi kubar w-giwi. Now my
    son has grown and become strong. I~!
    LS y-Z o.,.,._.!JI u ~ 'ioa tisgi halisyara tigwa. If you water this tree, it
    will be strong.
    2. to gain power,
    increase in power. LS~ I~ ~..dl
    l.S ~i J\..... J t-tindeel bida yigwa W-$aar
    'agwa. The foreman began to gain
    power and became stronger. 3. (with
    ~ cafa) to be superior to. ~} ~
    ~ ...::..>~ J.;- binti giwyat ca[a ban~at
    $a,[jha. My daughter was superior to
    her classmates.

    4S _,J gawwa II to strengthen, make


    strong. (~I) 0 JL...:ll ._.,.....b; ~_;
    .o__;;lr. o.)L.....!y. gawweena majlis
    t-tacaawun
    (1-xaliiji)
    b-ziyaadat
    miizaaniita. We strengthened the Gulf
    Cooperation Council by increasing its

    534
    budget. l~fi ~~ 'a!!a ygawwiik!
    (possible answer to o_,..AJI 1-guwwa?

    arrested him and hand-cuffed him. 4.


    to restrict, limit, confine. L.. . ~~

    How are you?).

    [ ) ) ..::... J...L.._.j

    !.S j--AJ tgawwa

    V pass. of II c..> yJ

    gawwa.

    o~ guwwa

    I. strength. Yo ~I

    1-guwwa? How are you? o_,AJ~


    b-1-guwwa by force. 2. power. oyJ
    ~lll guwwat 1-maakiina the engine
    power. J~ ~ o~ guwwat
    xamsiin b~aan fifty horsepower. 3. (p.
    -aat) armed force. ~_,.,.,. oyJ guwwa
    jawwiyya air force. ~?: oyJ guwwa
    babriyya naval force. ~ J..L:ll o~
    guwwat li-bduud the border patrol, the
    border guard. ~I ui_,Ajl 1-guwwaat
    1-musallaba the armed forces, the
    troops.
    '-,j _,J gawi p. -yyiin f. ~_; gawiyya I.

    strong, powerful. '-:? yJ JL>,. J rayyaal


    gawi strong man. ~_,.; oJ~ sayyaara
    gawiyya strong car. 2. serious, intense. ~} ~~ dacma gawiyya serious

    gayyadni.

    ma gidart
    'aruub. He restricted me. I couldn't

    leave.

    ..L.:A1 tgayyad V pass. of ...Y gayyad.

    .J...J

    I. list, record, tally. 2. restriction, limitation.

    geed

    tagyiid (v.n. from II ...Y gayyad)


    registering, registration. 2. enlist-

    I.

    ing. 3. fettering, shackling.


    ~

    mgayyad (p.p. from II ...Y gayyad)

    I. listed, recorded. 2. enlisted. 3. tied,


    fettered, shackled. 4. restricted, limited, confined.

    ~'i~ gys
    .r\J gaas (~ ygiis) 1. to measure,
    take the measurements of. t L.ill ._,..li
    gaas 1-gaac. He measured the land.
    }-" 6..:......... l) }-" ~) jl.i) 0_,J-1 ._,..li
    gaas 1-bijra w-gaal, "'arbaca mitir fi
    sitta mitir. " He took the measurements

    car accident.

    of the room and said, "Four meters by

    ~.S..,Ji 'agwa (elat.) 1. (with .y min)


    stronger than. 2. (with foiL n.) the

    six meters."

    strongest.

    cala) .to

    Draw

    conclusions

    based on this information.

    gayyad II 1. to list, enter, record,


    ...Y gayyid
    asmi wiyya 1-jamaaca. List my name
    with the group. J o..Y ol,:.Li ~
    _}---t..Lll kill sayy taaxoa gayyda ji
    d-daftar. Enter everything you take in
    the notebook. 2. to enlist. J ..:.....Y
    ~..l.J.:.I gayyatt fi 1-:;'indiyya. I enlisted
    write down. 4.s:-UI ~IJ ~~

    JS'

    1,.)""!.\J gaayas III to compare . ...,.-<\A; l~l

    ~ J~ ~ '~ 'ioa tgaayis


    beenhum,

    t~a~~il farg Cibiir. If you

    compare between (the two of) them,


    you will find a big difference.

    '-"'LJ

    gyaas (v.n. from

    .._,..u

    gaas) p.

    rS'

    3. to tie, fetter, shackle.

    -aat I. dimensions, measurement.


    ~o~l .....,..~cam gyaas 1-Mfra? What

    zaxxoo w-gayyadoo. They

    are the dimensions of the room? 2.

    in the army.
    oJ4) oy j

    infer, draw conclusions from. Js- ~


    ~..,WI l.,?.i._;.
    giis cala haa6i

    1-macfuumiyya.

    J'i~ gyd

    2. (with

    535
    size. ~ V'Y gyaas Cibiir large size.
    Y.!..l.A>- !.} ~~ V'Y ~cam gyaas 1-juuti
    /:laggak? What size are your shoes?
    V'Y 0 J~ b-duun gyaas extremely,
    disproportionately.

    riJ

    giyaasi in keeping with the


    model or norm. ~y ~ J ragam
    giyaasi (athletic) record. ~J ~
    }--- ~\ ~ I..,?""Y sajja/ ragam giyaasifi
    1-miyat mitir. He set a record in the
    one hundred meter dash.

    Jill~ gy9

    .k...J

    gayya9 II to spend the summer


    (as a holiday). if.p-JI ~ ~ ~ J5'
    kill sana ngayyi9 fi li-breemi. Every
    year we spend the summer in Buraimi.

    Ja.....J
    ~ee.f).

    gee9 (less common var. ~


    See under J i.j ~ ~yf

    Jt.j~ gyl

    J.J

    gayyal II to take a midday nap,


    take a siesta. ~)"'!) ~ 1_,1:; ~LQJ\ ...l;;:.
    c;nd 1-gaay/a gayyalaw hum w-

    bacaariinhum. At midday they and


    their camels took a siesta. lS,;;.; JW
    l..,j...l;;:. J-J)
    tacaal tgadda w-gayyil
    c;ndana. Come have lunch and take a
    siesta at our place. 0 J~ V'L:..ll ~
    0 ~J
    hni n-naas yitgadduun
    w-ygayyluun. Here people have lunch
    and take a nap.
    ~li gaayla

    1. midday nap, siesta.


    W!L4.ll ~ J ...:,.j)1 ~LA hal/:liin 1-wagt
    wagt 1-gaay/a. Now it's time for a
    midday nap. 2. midday heat.

    J-:A.-

    mgayyil (act. part. from II j.:i


    gayyal) 1. taking a siesta. J..:.L- r
    ~LA huwa mgayyil hal/:liin.
    He's
    taking a siesta now. 2. having taken a
    siesta. ~...l;;:. J...V J y tawwni mgayyil
    c;ndahum. I have just taken a siesta at
    their place. 3. will take a siesta, going
    to take a siesta. 1iJIL!.,j\ ~...l;;:. ~i
    'agayyil c;ndakum nsaa//a. I will take
    a siesta at your place, God willing.

    J
    \.J

    'ariid asrab baarid li'anni J:zarraan. I


    want to have a soft drink because I am
    hot. r_H10~ ,;)~\ ~~ ~ ~i ~i
    ~~ 'abg 'a$alli fi li-msiid [-cood
    li'an 1-yoom 1-yimca. I would like to
    pray in the grand mosque because
    today is Friday. (See also J lin under
    uuJ Inn).

    Jl /-(article prefix) the.

    \.J

    J /-

    (with foil. def. n.) J 'il-11- (with


    suff. pron. and with pron. suffix after
    v.) -1-. I. for .!Ll ~.:~i ,r..JI J_r; l~l
    ._;.L.S 'ioa tnazzil s-sicir, 'adjac-fak
    kaas. If you lower the price, I'll pay
    you cash. ~J.:~ ~ t.,?.L>- ~ lak
    cindi xamsiin dirhim. I owe you fifty
    dirhams. \p"' ~ Jl,.p ~cam $Oar-/ic
    hni? How long have you been here?
    ~ ~ t.,?i ~ L... ma lak 'ayya J:zagg
    ttigga. You have no right to hit him.
    ~l:JI o.r---lJ lil-marra 8-0anya for the
    second time. ~ ~ Ul 'ilh
    santeen tistagil. She's been working
    for two years. 2. for, in favor of, to
    the benefit of. ~~ ~ J IJ~
    sihdoo-li ji 1-ma/:zkama. They testified
    for me in court. ~~~ ~ ...::...,.::, _,.b tarrastlic-iyyaaha. I sent it for you. 3. for,
    for the purpose of. y _,_.... ~ jJI t.,?l..
    y _,-!JJ LJ?.j maay n-nall hni muub zeen
    liS-surb. Tap water here isn't good for
    drinking. L.......i )J 0..L:.l )L..... saafar
    landan lil-winsa. He traveled to
    London for pleasure. 4. to (of the
    dative). J~ r-~ L.. .U ..:.-Jj git-la ma
    ydiir baa/. I told him not to worry.
    ..:U ~ yibthaa-lic. I brought it to
    you. JJ c.,? .;-4i 'amri lil-laah. My
    destiny is up to God.

    i.J~ li-'an (usually transcribed li'an)


    because. 0\_r--->- ~~ .:~ J~ .._,., ~i ...l.:!)

    IJ

    faa

    'll Ia I. no.~ y _,.. '~ Ia, muub hni.


    No, he's not here. 2. there is no, there
    i,s not.~ ~ Ia sakk there's no doubt.
    Ail\ ~l .Jl ~ Ia 'ilaaha 'ilia !-faa. There
    is no God but He. ~ ~ Ia bidd there's
    no escape from, it's inevitable that.~
    ..?~ )l-i ~ Ia bidd nsaajir baaCir.
    We are destined to travel tomorrow.~
    0 ~~ .:,r--o y ~ ~ Ia bidd la
    li-hbuub min s-sikuun. It's inevitable
    that there will be quiet after the storm.
    V"~ ~ Ia baas there's no objection,
    there's nothing wrong. 0:->- J) V"~ 'i
    ~~\) Ia baas truul:ziin wiyyaahum.
    There's no objection to your going
    with them. ~ .!..U~ ~ ceef J:zaalak?
    How are you? V"~ ~ Ia baas. I'm fine.
    (There's nothing wrong with me.)
    ~ J ... '.l Ia... wala... neither ... nor ... 'i
    ...::...~ ~ J L....... Ia saalim wala byaat
    neither Salim nor Byat. (prov.) r~ 'i
    rG V"UI J:t; '.l J Ia ynaam wala yxa/!i
    n-naas tnaam. A dog in the manger.
    (lit., "He neither sleeps, nor lets people
    sleep."). 3. (with foll. v., expressing
    neg. command) don't. J~ r.JJ '.l Ia
    ddiir baa!. Don't worry. 4. (foll. by

    537
    perf. v.) if. (prov.) ~ c,?l.il J..-- "Y
    J_,;L...JI Ia l)i~all-maay bi{all-caafuur.
    (lit., "If there is water, ablution with
    clean dirt is nullified."). 5. (foll. a
    statement to express a question tail).
    ~"Y ,~~IJ ~ yiit wiyaahum, Ia?
    You came with them, didn't you?
    ~"Y '~ tfa{J{Jal, Ia? Come in, won't
    you? ~"Y '~ y y muub hni, Ia? He's
    not here, is he?

    ~'i laa-silki wireless.

    II .J .:. I J

    laatry

    41 _;J'i laatri lottery. <J "-" _}; J5' .r->c$..,..;')\.)1 xisar kill jluusa fi 1-laatri. He
    lost all his money on the lottery.
    ~II

    .:. ~ I J

    laastyk

    ~'i laastyk 1. (adj.) elastic. 2. (p.


    -aat) rubber band.
    u~

    IJ

    laakn

    ~ laakin but, however . .j:J Jils- Y.


    huwa caagillaakin marraat
    mxabbal. He's rational, but sometimes
    he's cr~. ~_,...)I uSJ v--i .y..j Jts"' 1_,.!.1
    ..,_._.1.JJ JL....:.- 1-hawa caan zeen 'ams
    /aakin 1-yoom l)aarr w-ratib. The
    weather was fine yesterday, but today
    it's hot and humid. ;; r ~ l~l .j:J
    c.$~~~,~~.:" /aakin 'ioa yiit
    marra Oaanya, cal/imna ya xuuy.
    However, if you come again, let us
    know, my friend.
    ~ ..:..If

    fl' ~ J I'm. See f'~,?J lym.

    ":" ":" J

    lbb

    ~ libb (coil.) seeds (e.g., watermelon,

    sunflower seeds). s. ~ libba.

    'i "':' J "':' J

    lblby

    ~ liblibi (coil.) large chick peas. s.

    -Y.)Ia.
    ~":'J lbs
    ~ libas (~ yilbas)

    I. to get
    dressed, put on, clothe oneself. ~
    e:-il' J ....... J.u /ibas hduuma w-(ifac. He
    got dressed and went out. L.... ~~
    y.,...Ajl 'i/bas hal-gal:ifiY.)Ia. Put on this
    hat. 2. to wear, be dressed in. ~I <J
    ;;.l,!..l.>.- ~ J.u J ~ J'\:Jiji 1-ciid n-naas
    yilibsuun hduum yidiida. During the
    feast (celebration) people wear new
    clothes.
    ~ /abbas

    1. to dress, clothe. ~
    J .J-:!)1 ~ u.~ labbasat cyaa!ha gabil
    r-ryuug. She dressed her kids before
    breakfast. L....j) H J' ~ 1 1 ~
    /abbasaw 1-micris gabi/ z-zaffa. They
    dressed the bridegroom before the
    wedding procession. 2. to put on, slip
    on. t._., J.rJI ~ L.Al.:ll ~ ...r~ 1
    1-micris
    /abbas
    1-bilga b-~ubic
    [-caruusa.
    The bridegroom put the
    ring on the bride's finger.
    ~I nlibas

    VII to be worn. L....


    l:......-!JI <J ~ L_.., ~~ ;;JJ..L..:....<.!!
    hal-kandoora 1-bee{Ja ma tin/ibis ji
    s-sita. This white dress isn't worn in
    the winter.
    mitlabbis (with ....,... b-)
    redhanded, in the act of. ~ _,>- j ~ .r-Ji
    4.....\.):-~ ~ s-sirta zaxxoo mirlabbf.,
    b-1-jariima. The police caught him
    redhanded.

    IJ

    .'

    538

    u luJ
    .
    lbaan
    uI uJ
    .

    J [J

    ljl

    ~LJ lbaan (coli.) gum, chewing gum

    ~~ lajil (corruption of j>--~ li-'ajl)

    ~ cific

    (conj.) in order to, for the sake of, so


    that.
    j>-- ':1 ~ J ril:zt lajil 'aakil. I
    went in order to eat. o.:>"Yu_ j>-- ':1 ~
    ycamil lajil blaada. He works for the

    (usually known as

    JW

    lbaan).
    u~J Ibn
    ~ laban

    1. (coli.) yoghurt, Iehan,


    sour milk. 2. (p. JWi 'albaan) dairy
    product. JWi ~ ma~nac 'albaan
    dairy. s. ~ lbana.
    ~W labnan Lebanon. ~JW ~ J ri/:zt
    labnaan? Have you been to Lebanon?
    ~W

    labnaani I. Lebanese, from


    Lebanon. 2. (p. -yyiin) a Lebanese.

    ~ !abba
    G~

    carried
    with all

    II to carry out (an order),


    with (a request). ~ .J ..::.-J
    labbeet-la kill talabaata. I
    out all his orders. I complied
    his requests.

    ~ labbeek!

    Here I am! At your

    request!

    of his country. ~ ~ ~

    J ~ 4 J f i j>-- ':1 cal!amta b-kill


    sayy lajil ycarf ceef yit~arraf I told
    him everything so that he might know
    how to conduct himself.

    f" [J ljm
    ~ lijam (~yaljim) to bridle, put

    the bridle on. ........._::!,. w':l ._,..!f..

    ru ~\

    L.. ~ l-baga! gaam yarjis linna

    ljama gabil-ma wakkala. The mule


    started to kick because he had bridled
    it before he fed it.
    ~ lajjam II = ~ lijam.
    ~~ ljaam p. -aat I. bridle, rein.

    U[J

    ljn

    lajna p. -aat, JlJ:. lijaan committeee, board, council. ~1)1 d..J,.tajnat


    li-mraagaba the investigating commitlajnat li-mtil:zaan the
    tee. JL..:....:.. ':11 J

    .;uJ ltr
    jJ liter p. -aat liter.
    ~ 6J Wm
    ~ la88am II to cover the lower part

    of the face, veil the face. if ~) ~


    JL:Ji la88am weeha min li-gbaar. He
    covered his face because of the dust.
    ~ tla88am

    V to cover one's face.

    .:WI lj~ L.

    __w I~

    gabil-ma

    sake

    w)

    'i~J !by
    comply

    J-51

    baagaw

    tla88amaw
    !-bank. They

    masked themselves before they robbed


    the bank.

    board of examiners, the examination


    board.

    'i [J

    ljy

    ~ liji p. ~\J:.lgaaya four-year old


    camel. ~I LJ-A pSi ;, ~I 1-gucuud
    'akbar min 1-liji. A ;, _,....:; gucuud is
    older than a

    J-:- liji.

    ccJ lM
    t laM (~ ylibQ)

    et

    I. to persist.
    ':1
    J..Gi L.. Ia tlibQ. rna

    ~W Waam p. -aat I. veil (covering the

    w41 .!..lJ '-f_,.......i

    lower part of the face). 2. mask.

    'agdar 'asawwii-lak-iyyaaha. Don't be

    539
    persistent. I can't do it for you. 2.
    (with ~ cafa) to ke~p after, pester,
    harass. ~ U lS~II_r->iJ ,-.# c.J..
    laiJ!Jat cafee, w-'axiiran stiraa-lha
    c;gd. She kept after him and, finally,
    he bought her a necklace.
    C.~! 'il/Jaal) (v.n.)
    pestering, harassment.

    insisting,

    ~cJ l/Js

    yill)as) to lick.~~.)
    daayman yill)as
    1-muwaaciin. He always licks pots and
    pans.
    lil)as

    (~

    ~l_,il ~

    1.1"F~ laal)uus food poisoning.

    ~CJIM
    ~~ laal)a{J III to notice, observe, be
    aware of. ~.c.,. ~ ~i -.# ~ ~ t..
    ma laa/Ja{Jt calee 'awa saw yidiid. I
    didn't notice anything new about him.
    ~
    J:i.,..':)\.; !.l~i ...r1 bass 'abgaak
    tlaabi{J illi Y$iir. I just want you to be
    aware of what's happening.

    Jll

    ~ laMa p. -aat moment, instant.


    !a....l2.:l la~Jt?a! Just a minute! J..bi).. J~J
    ~ trayyaaani lai){Ja bass. Wait for
    me only a moment. ~ b-la/Jt?a
    instantly.
    t..b-~ mulaal)a{Ja (v.n. from III J:i.,.. ~
    laal.za{J) p. -aat
    l. observation,
    remark, comment. 2. note, post-script.

    ..JcJ

    tw

    J~ lbaaf p. JU:l lib.faan quilt.


    (prov.) .!J.;L:l ,..Lj ~ ..!.L.J..,.,. .J ..L. midd
    rii/ak cata gadd l}J,aafak. As you make
    your bed, lie in it.

    ~cJ lbg
    ~ lil)ag (~ yill;zag) 1. to catch up

    with s.o. ~ J ~ lil;zagni


    w-sibagni. He caught up with me and
    passed me. 2. to follow, trail after. Lii
    ~~ ~ .~pi ~ .!.Lhi 'aana
    'adillak cala t-tariig. bass ill)agni. I'll
    show you the way. You just follow
    me. 3. to chase, pursue. ~ _r.ll .o.A.J..___,:.. jJ ll;zaga s-sirti w-zaxxa. The
    policeman chased him and arrested
    him.
    ~ laiJ!Jag II I. to have time for,
    have a chance to. E' )) c.J) ..:...A.:I- L.
    4s-L-.. ~ ma laiJIJagt 'aruu!J w-'arjac
    b-nU$$ saaca. I didn't have time to go
    and come back in half an hour. 2.
    (with Js- cala) to be on time. '~ 1~1
    ~ ..L..>I riJ...UI ~ ~ Lo 'ioa
    tamsi, ma tlabbig cala d-dawaam. 'ixio
    taksi. If you walk, you won't report on
    time for duty. Take a taxi. Js- ..:...A.:I~ _,il labbagt cala 1-mawcid. I was on
    time for the appointment.

    ~I ltibag VIII (with y b-) to join,

    enroll in, become a member of. ~~


    ._r.:.:l,.~ ltibag b-1-jeeS. He joined the
    army. ~,.S::.........I L:Kl~ ~~ ltil;zag
    b-1-kulliwa 1-caskariwa. He enrolled
    in the military academy.
    ~~

    mulaabaga (v.n.) pursuit,


    chase. 0:----' }fl ~ "'}..... mulaal)agat
    1-mijirmiin the pursuit of criminals .

    JWI lti}J,aag (v.n. from VIII ~~


    ltil)ag) (with y
    affiliation.

    b-) joining, entry,

    J->~ laal;zig (act. part. from J=i-libag)

    1. following, trailing after.~~~

    r-

    540
    the music for this song is a Gulf Arab.

    minu laal;gak? Who is following you?


    2. chasing, pursuing. ~ _r;1 J>- '.i ~ _rjl
    s-sirti laal;ig 1-mijrim. The policeman

    ~ laf:zin p. L.JL:li 'all;aan tune, melody.


    ~

    is chasing the criminal.

    music).

    mu/l;ag 1. (p. -iin) attache.


    1.,? .r~ ~ mull;ag caskari military
    attache. l)w.;- ~ mull;ag ()agaagi

    'i c:J

    with an irresistible appeal. (prov.)


    ~ d y_;U. JSJ ~J Y. lil:zya

    w-ll;ayya w-kill saarib 'ila mga,J.J.


    Your fingers are not the same.
    Different strokes for different folks.
    ~~ a_)- lil;yat t-tees herb, used for
    medicinal purposes.

    ~CJ Ibm
    ~

    lil;am (~ yall)im) 1. to weld,


    solder. ............,.. ~ j'.i . ~I ~I /-peep
    nkisar. laazim ta/l;ima. The pipe
    broke. You have to weld it. 2. to heal.
    ~ c_?-1 1-jarl; fibam. The wound
    healed. 3. to patch, mend. ~\(11

    L)- !l;ayya p. -aat dim. of~ /il:zya.


    small beard.

    ~~tJ lxbt
    ~

    !axbat (~ ylaxbi!) (common


    For~ laxbat,
    ~ t/axbat, ~ mlaxbit, and
    ~ mlaxbat see ~? xarbart,
    ~_). txarbat, ~? xarbata, .h..,_f
    mxarbi! and ~_;:. mxarbat under

    1-mikaaniiki fibam t-tyuub.

    var. ~? xarbat).

    The mechanic patched the (tire) tube.


    ~~ nlil;am VII pass. of~ fibam.
    ~

    laf:zam (coli.) meat. s. -a piece of


    meat. ~ ~_r.--.:;.1 stireet lal:zam. I
    bought some meat. J\.S:. rJll 1-laf:zam
    gaali. Meat is expensive. J J ? ~
    lal:zam xaruuf lamb. ~ ~ laf:zam
    ganam mutton. ~ ~ laf:zam bagar

    b ":"'Jtxrbt.

    ttJ

    laxx (~ ylixx) to hit, strike s.o.


    .J.- "-'t.Ji....o Lo ~ cugub-ma .Jfaca laxxa.

    After he had slapped him on the face,


    he hit him.

    ~l.J..lf:zaam (v.n. from~ lil:zam) weld~lJ. lal:zl:zaam

    ~tJ lxm
    p. ~U.. laf:zaaf:ziim

    welder, solderer.

    0cJ

    lxx

    t_

    beef.

    ing, soldering.

    ll;y

    L)- lif:zya p. ~ /i/:za beard. 6J\j;. ~


    lil;aytin gaanma very good man, man

    cultural attache. 2. supplement, extra


    section.
    3. (p. J--->- ')l. malaal;ig)
    appendix.
    4. annex. ;; .r-I..UI ~
    mull;ag d-daayra the department
    annex.

    y ~~ ~

    mulal;l;in p. -iin composer (of

    :, jJ

    lhn

    ~ lahhan II to compose music.

    ~ luxma p. -aat, ~ luxam stingray.

    JJI

    ~ ~~I LA .:r-J- 'illi lahhan


    hal-'ugniya xaliiji. The one who wrote

    too

    o.U laooa p. -aat delight, joy, pleasure.


    JS'~I u. l) ;;..u ~ L.. ma fiila66afi
    hal- 'a kif. This food is not delicious.

    541
    ~.U laoiio delicious. ~..U yl..$JI
    l-kabaab laoiio. Kabob is delicious.

    .Uf 'alaoo (elat.) 1. (with .y min) more


    delicious than. .:,r--- .Uf J J?l r-=l
    ( L.,...UI lal)am l-xaruuf 'alaoo min
    d-diyaay. Lamb is more delicious than
    chicken. 2. (with foll. n.) the most
    delicious.

    ~.jJ lzg

    J J-1 lizag (J ~ yilzag)

    1. to stick,

    adhere. ~I Js- ...:..J) L.. C:!l_,kll c;:a


    haaoi t-tuwaabic ma lizgat ca[a
    1-bugsa. These stamps didn't stick to
    the envelope. c_J) ,.,.s-:!Y.->- L.. .~ J)
    ~)f. lizag fiini. ma xa{{aani 'aruul)
    bruul)i. He stuck to me. He didn't let
    me go alone. 2. to affix, paste, stick.
    ~ C:!lkll J )I 'ilzag t-taabic hni. Affix
    the stamp here.

    J) lazzag II intens. of J) lizag.

    J_;.b' tlazzag

    V pass. ofll J) lazzag.

    U) lazga

    p. -aat plaster, stupe,


    mustard plaster.

    (>.j J lzm
    ~.;J lizam (~ ~ yilzam) 1. to get hold
    of, catch, grab. !\..i...l> ~)I 'ilzam haaoa!

    of this. y. J o_,.....) U.?I


    ~):-'-! ~ s-sir{a lizmoo w-huwa
    mitlabbis b-l-jariima. The police
    caught him redhanded. v _,__lA.ll ~ _)
    ~riiJ lizam li-jluus w-nhizam. He
    grabbed the money and ran away. U..
    ~ -..# ly) L. ~I lajnat t-taf:zgiig
    rna
    lizmaw
    cafee
    sayy. The
    investigating committee didn't get
    anything on him. 2. to be required,
    requisite, necessary. c; ~I ~?., yi/zam
    Get hold

    ingiliizi.

    English is required. ~.H

    r.J)I J _r;.J yilzam tsuuf 1-waziir. It's


    necessary that you see the minister. 3.
    to befall, set upon, descend upon.
    ..::,..1}:-.....JI u-- j L..;:...) lizmatna zal)mat
    s-sayyaaraat. We were caught in the
    traffic jam. 4......i ~I l,f--) J:DI l) ._,......i
    'ams fi /-lee/ lizmatni $-$xuuna. Last
    night, I got a fever. 4. to keep in one
    place, hold, maintain. ! .!..l...l,.-- ~)I 'ilzam
    seedak! Stay in your lane (said to a
    driver). .:.>L..L...JI JS' ~ ~ L... ~I U.
    hac-Ciis ma yilzam kill s-saamaan.
    This bag won't hold all the things.
    ~.:.>l.S"..UI U. l) y~ ~ _)..; .J..LZ tigdar
    tilzam l)saab fi had-dikkaan? Can you
    maintain an accounting in this shop?
    ~.r-JI ltizam VIII (with y b-) to take
    responsibility for. ~ ~ _r-JI .._,.. _rl.l
    .....A.:!.JL......a.ll 1-micris ltizam b-kill
    l-ma$aariif. The bridegroom took the
    responsibility for all the expenses.

    ~.J,;J luzuum need, necessity. ~ .,) ~ L..


    Li41J ~ mafii luzuum tiyi wiyyaana.

    There is no need for you to come with


    us. ~ .,}JI ~ cind 1-/uzuum in case of
    need, as necessary. ~ o.JJwi CJ)
    ~ .,}JI 'aruuh asaawra Cind 1-/uzuum. I
    go to consult with him if necessary.
    ~ ~~~ ~ J.rJ .!.I~ cindak luzuum
    b-has-sayy? Does this matter concern
    you? ~ J.rJ L... Lii .') Ia. 'aana ma-li
    luzuum. No. It's of no concern to me.
    It's not important to me.

    ~j ~

    laazim 1. necessary, required,


    imperative, obligatory. Li41J ~ ~ j'J
    /aazim tyi wiyyaana. You have to
    come with us. \.j\.;IJ ...}: ~ j'J y .Y' muub
    laazim tyi wiyyaana. You don't have

    542

    to come with us. Li\.:IJ ~ L... i j':i


    rna tyi
    wiyyaana. You
    shouldn't come with us . ....}: i j':i J\5'
    Li\.:IJ caan laazim tyi wiyyaana. You
    should have come with us. i j':i y y
    muub laazim. It's not important. Never
    mind. ~\J ..::..> _;:-.S- i j':i y ~ muub
    laazim. gayyart raayi. Never mind. I
    changed my mind. 2. (adj.) required,
    necessary. ij':i ~ IL haaoa sayy
    laazim. This is a necessary thing.
    laazim

    ~ jl_,..l /awaazim (p. only) necessities,

    requisites. ~I i ji_,l lawaazim /-beet


    the home necessities.
    ~J~ malzuum (p.p. from

    i) lizam) 1.
    obligated, under obligation. y y Lii
    tJ-?. J-5' _r--.A..:ll r-"'" i iJ )-- 'aana muub
    malzuum 'aximm 1-bafiiz kill yoom. I
    am not obligated to sweep the office
    every day. 2. (withy b-) responsible
    for, liable for. J\....WI~ uJ. y y lii
    J~l bl
    'aana
    muub malzuum
    b-hassaamaan 'ioa nbaag. I am not

    responsible for these things if they are


    stolen. JLWI 6..::!~ i JJ. .J.>-1) y kill
    waabid malzuum b-(Jariibat l-ma(aar.
    Everyone is liable for the airport tax.
    ~ j":}.....J. mulaazim

    p. -iin lieutenant.
    J} i j'"j.___. mulaazim 'awwal first
    lieutenant. JG i j"j._. mulaazim 8aani
    second lieutenant.

    <) U"" J lsn

    wL...J

    lsaan p. -aat tongue. a..;W ~

    cafa

    lsaana from his mouth. ~I

    JL......J J"\) ~ .lc

    c-calma

    I have
    forgotten the word. It's on the tip of
    my tongue. .JW\ J-:~ tawiill-lsaan
    naseetta.

    cafa raas lsaani.

    insolent, impertinent.

    J .bJ !if
    JkJ latta! II to make nice, enjoyable,
    pleasant. I_,..JI ~ ~I s-siyar
    ylattif 1-hawa. Trees make the weather
    nice.
    ~ tlattaf V I. pass. of -..Ak.l latta!

    }J.I ~ 1_}.1 ...A6.t tlattaf 1-hawa cugb


    1-matar. The weather was nice after
    the rain. 2. to be so kind as to, have
    the kindness to do s.th. ~ ......A....kt
    if _,.._.t ~~)
    tlattaf cafeehum
    s-seex w-cataahum jluus. The Sheikh
    was very kind to them and gave them
    money.

    pi

    ~~ tlaataf VI

    1. to be polite,
    courteous, nice. J _,.....J:.~ u-! bass
    yitlaaifuun. They are just being polite

    to each other. 2. to joke with each


    other. (,5\.:IJ -...A1~ J\5' a..il ..:.....; _r \... rna
    ciraft 'inna caan yitlaataf wiyyaay. I
    didn't know that he was just kidding
    around with me.

    ...A-kl lutf (v.n.) kindness, politeness,


    courtesy. ~ ....L..kJ \..L_., , J .f-.;-.
    maskuur, haaoa luif minnak. Thank
    you, that is kind of you. ~ b-lutf
    gently, softly. ~ ~l:IJ ~~ 'ibCi
    wiyyaaha b-luif. Speak gently to her.
    ~ latiif nice, pleasant, enjoyable.
    \.:......':Ji L) ~ ~ 1_}.11-hawa latiifhni
    fi s-sita. The weather is nice here in
    the winter. !~ ..~..i._;., yl u ha-libnayya s-gadd latiifa! How nice and
    pleasant this girl is!

    ~i 'altaf (elat.)

    1. (with i f min)
    more enjoyable, pleasant than. 2.

    543

    (with foil. n.)


    pleasant.
    ~

    the most enjoyable,

    ~ faccab

    ltm

    ~ litam (~ yaltim) to strike the


    face with the hands in grief or despair.
    ..:,....l.J a...s....UI

    ~ ..:..oWWI n-naccaasaat yilcabin.


    The female dancers are dancing.

    L) ..:..ol...

    ~I Gl ~

    0:J

    ~ /een simcat 'inna 'ibinha maat fi

    d-dacma gaamat taltim. When she


    heard that her son had died in the car
    accident, she began to slap herself.

    4....o..bJ latma (n. of inst.) p. -aat slap,


    blow with the hand on the face.
    ~t.J feb
    ~ /iCab (~ yi/Cab)

    1. tO play.
    ~I~ ~J ~ sibal:zna
    w-licabna cafa s-siif. We swam and
    played on the beach. o.J~ ~ yilcab
    kuura. He plays soccer. J .JJ ~
    \..;__;l;,.,.IJ licabna warag w-staanasna.
    We played cards and had a good time.
    2. (with y b- or ? cata) to mess
    with, toy with, fool around with . .r-;)
    ~~4 ~ ~ !..:ll~ diir baalk! Ia
    tifcab b-1-kahraba Be careful! Don't
    mess with the electricity. IJ"'L.; ~
    ~ IJ"'_,.LAJ~ J -"~ fii naas yifcabuun
    b-li-fluus /icib. There are people who
    have money to burn. lii if"'.r. ~ ~
    .!.l.r.-""i Ia tifacb b-raasi. 'aana 'axbark.
    Don't make a fool of me. I know you
    well. ;) ~ J ~ ..,_,J ficab caJeena
    w-sirad. He tricked us and took off.
    ~\ ~ ~ yifcab caJa /-bab/een.
    He plays both sides of the fence. 3. to
    act, play, perform. r-+" .J):. ~ yiJcab
    door muhimm. He plays an important
    role. 4. to dance.~ Jl.:-)IJ-cayyaal
    yiJcab. The male dancer is dancing.

    II

    to make or let play.


    r-"L..:!IJ oJyS ~ y.al faccabuuni kuura
    wiyyaahum. They let me play soccer
    with them .
    ~I nficab

    VII pass. of -.,....J ficab.


    ~ ~ L.... J \.>.. .J l.iJ. haaoa rayyaal
    ma yinlicib catee. This is a man who
    cannot be fooled. ~ ~ L. _r-il ~
    hal-meez ma yinficib cafee. This table
    cannot be played on.
    ~ Ucib

    1. (v.n. from ~ ficab)


    playing. oi)JI li .r--->- <..J""! 'LJ:!j -.,....J ~
    licabna ficib zeen, bass xisarna
    1-mubaaraa. We played well, but we
    lost the match. .JL.......All -.,-.J Ucib
    li-gmaar gambling.
    2. (p. yl.Ji
    'afcaab) play. ~~.J yl.Ji 'afcaab
    riyaa(Jiyya athletics, sports. yL....li
    ~.?'--" 'afcaab sil:zriyya magic, sleight
    of hand.
    ~ ficba (n. of inst.) p. -aat, yWi

    'afcaab

    I. game. 2. catch, trick. ~ j~

    ~ll...l> L) ~ ~ laazimfii Wbafi

    hal-ga(Jiyya. There must be a catch


    somewhere in this affair.
    ~ mafcab p. ~":}.... malaacib I.
    athletic field. o.J_,....s:JI ~ mafcab

    1-kuura the soccer field.


    ground.
    ~~ laacib

    2. play-

    I. (act. part. from ...,_..J

    /icab) having played . ....,_.s-~ .} j .J~


    o.J,..S tacbaan. tawwni laactb kuura.
    I'm tired. I have just played soccer. 2.
    (p. -iin) player, athlete. o)yS ~~
    laacib kuura soccer player. j~ ....,_.s-~
    laacib jimbaaz gymnast, athlete.

    544
    ~ ~ mafcuub

    (p.p. from~ licab)


    1. being played. "--!yJ... ;;J_,s:JI 1-kuura
    matcuuba. The soccer game is going
    on. 2. (with J ji) having been tampered with. ~ y yJ... .0\;f" j4):-1 \..2.
    hal-jihaaz xarbaan. mafcuub fii. This
    apparatus is out of order. It's been
    tampered with. 3. (with ~ cafa)
    having been tricked, fooled.

    utJ

    zen

    lican (~yifcan) to damn, curse


    s.o. or s.th. !~ 2u1 'affaah yifcank!
    Damn you! !~l2ul .y.J fican affaah
    'ibliis! May God's curse be upon the
    devil!

    L.Al tacna p.-aat curse. !~ 2u1

    d..;J

    facnat affaah cafee! God's curse upon

    him!
    ~

    [aciin, .J _,...,...L.. mafcuun cursed,


    damned. ...:.....Q...._ L..... l.f ~ !~I !.II~
    o.__.:.... ..r-""i oaak 1-faciin! cumri ma cift
    'axass minna. That damned (person)!
    I've never seen a meaner person.
    [cwz

    j~ facwaz

    (j_,....,.l. yfacwiz) to bother


    s.o. G~) Gl..>- )f. L....; jyJ [acwazna
    b-roo~aata w-yayyaata. He bothered
    us with going and comings.
    j~ tfacwaz pass. of j~ facwaz.

    o~I

    d...~ ...::.,. jyol; tfacwazt b-'as'ilta

    1-ka()iira. I was bothered by his many

    questions.

    oj~

    facwaza (v.n. from jyJ facwaz)

    yJ lagz p. jWi 'algaaz riddle, puzzle.


    ~tJ lgm
    ~ lagam p.

    rWi 'algaam (explosive)

    mme.

    j~ mfacwiz (act. part. from j~

    {acwaz)

    I. having bothered s.o.

    ~ liga ( ~ yalgi) 1. to talk inces-

    santly_, prattle, chatter. l.fi ~ L...


    ~ ~b . ~ 4...p} ma ycatiik 'ayya
    fur~a titkallam. daayman yalgi. He
    won't give you any chance to talk. He
    always talks on and on endlessly.
    ~i 'alga
    festivities,

    IV 1. to cancel (a project,
    celebrations, etc.). o)j)
    tJ_r-11 d i 4;:.\J)i wazaarat z-ziraaca
    'algal l-masruuc. The ministry of
    agriculture cancelled the project. I,.Ji
    ._:...'1L......i::>- '11 'algaw li-~tifaalaat. They
    cancelled the celebrations. 2. to abolish, annul, put an end to. di 6... __,0.1
    ;; ~~ .J ju 1-~ukuuma 'a/gat gaanuun
    l-hijra. The government abolished the
    emigration law. c_IJ)I ~ ~i ~WI
    l-gaa(Ji 'alga cagd z-zawaaj. The cadi
    annulled the marriage contract. o)j)
    ~~ ~ ~i ~w~) (Y...._;.~\
    wazaarat 1-'ic[aam w-s-siyaa~a 'a/gat
    bacp l-kutub. The ministry of information and tourism put an end to the use
    of some of its books.
    ~I nliga

    mess, disorder, confusion.

    J~i

    jt_J lgz

    JtJ lgw

    jJtJ

    has just bothered the kids. 2. bothering. \.j j_,.....L. ~I y. huwa lli mlacwizna.
    He's the one who is bothering me.

    oj

    jyJ... tawwa mfacwiz fi-cyaa{. He

    VII (pass. of~ liga) to


    be cancelled, nullified.
    AAiluga p. -aat language.

    545
    o~ lagwa

    1. (v.n. from ~ liga)


    chattering, talking incessantly.
    2.
    empty talk, aimless chatter, babbling.
    3. (p. -aat) dialect, vernacular. ;; _,...J
    0\-s. ~i lagwat 'ahil cmaan the
    dialect of the Al-Ain people
    ~...iJlft
    ~ lifat (~yalfit): )2.JI ~ lifat
    n-napar 1. to catch the eye, attract
    attention. (,>~ ..:..-......:4l ~WI L.....o.
    hal-binaaya
    liftat napari. This
    building caught my eye. ~ ~I U.
    _r-1-JI has-sayy yalfit n-napar. This
    thing attracts one's attention. 2. to
    caution, give notice to s.o. ~ ..r-J.ll
    .i; ~1.!!1

    o_r-li>> :Ju_,

    (,>~

    1-mudiir lifat napari w-gaal: "1-marra


    0-0anya nfannisk " The manager
    warned me and said: "Next time we
    will lay you off."
    ~ tla.ffat V to look around, glance

    around. Y~i Js- JJ~ Y~ ~lees


    titla.ffat? biddawwir ca[a 'al}ad? Why
    are you looking around? Are you looking for someone?
    ~lltifat VIII = ..;...Al; tla.ffat V.

    c...iJ lfo.
    ~ lifal} (~ yi/fal}) to bum, scorch,
    sear. 4.....>.- _,JI ~ )-.l-1 1_,..._.!.1 1-hawa
    1-l}aarr yi/fal} 1-weeh. Hot weather
    burns one's face.

    ...i~J/ff

    J-1 /a.ff (~ yliff) 1. to turn (left,


    right, etc.) ~ JJ )_,..UI ~ c;nd
    At the
    d-dawwaar /iff yimiin.
    roundabout
    J~

    tum right. ~ J' .HJ

    ....LJ J-~J reewis hni w-bacdeen

    /iff yisaar. Back up here and then turn


    left. 2. to go around, make a detour.
    ~ ,;r JJ ..!,.L...IJ.j 4~ (,>l.J. haaoi
    tal}wiila jiddaamak liffmin hni. This
    is a detour in front of you. Go around
    from here. 3. to roll, coil. ..J ~
    ;; J~ /a.ffeet-la jigaara. I rolled a
    cigarette for him. ~~ U. ....At "!J Ia tliff
    has-siim. Don't coil this wire. 4. to
    wrap, envelope, cover. w ....;.._jj "!J
    v---J-1_;11 Ia tliff hal-garaa{iis. Don't
    wrap these sheets of paper. j.t>\J,.I .....Al
    ,_,P j p-I~ /iff 1-yaahil b-1-barnuu$.
    Cover the child with the blanket. 5. to
    steal, swipe, make off with. cJ"_,J..i .....Al
    ~ ~ J ~pll ~1/a.ffjluus 1-jamciyya
    1-xayriyya w-sirad. He stole the money
    of the charitable organization and fled.
    6. (with ~ cala) to make a round of
    calls on, visit. ~ ...l.:&-J "'-!Jlii Js- .....Al
    la.ff cafa 'agaarba w-cayyad ca[eehum.
    He made a round of calls on his relatives and wished them a merry feast.
    ~~ lta.ff VIII 1. (with J_,....l}ool) to
    rally, gather, assemble around. L:.,.
    L.r-:!..l>.IJ ~~.,... ..J_,.... ._A....:liJ p i

    ya
    s-seex
    w-ltaff l}oola mwaa{niin
    waaydiin. The Shaikh came and many
    citizens rallied around him. 2. to
    wrap, cover oneself. ,_,P j pl~ ~1/ta.ff
    b-1-barnuu$. He wrapped himself up
    with the blanket.

    J~ laa.ff (act. part. from JJ laff)


    having turned. ~ J"!J 0LS" ~ ~
    leen cifta caan laa.ffyimiin. When I
    saw him, he had already turned right.
    2. having rolled, coiled s.th. 3. having
    made a round of calls on, having
    visited.

    546

    J...l laff :

    .j_j .1-~ jigaayir laff

    hand-rolled cigarettes.

    ~ lagl,za p. -aat pregnant animal.

    laffa p. -aat 1. turn, rotation. 2.


    coil, twist.
    ~ malaff p.

    -aat file, folder,


    dossier. ~}I ..;...L..A.I... malaffaat
    li-mwa99a.fiin the employees' files.
    J..,.b mitlaff 1. (with J~ l,zool)
    gathered, assembled around. 2. rolled
    up, rolled together.

    ~ lajlaf (~ ylaflif) 1. to grab

    up, snatch up. ~ ~ ~?i ~


    ylajlif 'awa sayy y/.la$$la. He grabs up
    anything he finds. 2. to wrap up,
    bundle up. ~p-JI .:..:-- "->- )J ....A.Li.llaflaf
    ruul,za min /-bard
    He wrapped
    himself up because of the cold.
    ~ tlajlaf ( ~ yitlaflaj) to wrap

    oneself up, cover oneself. ~ j'Y y y


    l:.:JI J ~ .....Al.J::j muub laazim titlajlaf
    -hint .fi s-sita. you don't have to wrap
    yourself up in the winter here.

    (j..JJ!fy

    Js- cafa) to

    go to see or visit s.o. ~ ~ lifa


    ca[eena. He came to see us.
    J~ laa.fi (act. part. from ~ lifa) p.

    -~iin

    having come to visit. l.:# ~'Y y.


    huwa laa.fi cafeena. He has come to
    visit me.

    u..tJ
    .

    .b~J lgt

    U ligat (~ yulgut) to pick up, pick


    out. t. ~ ~~ 0 ~ J~l/-yihhaal
    ylugtuun 1-l,zaCi b-saac. Children pic~
    words up fast. .y ~~ .hA.t' o..l$-\,; ifl
    ~I 'ummi gaacda tulgut l-/.la$a min
    z-ceeS. My mother is picking the small
    pebbles from the rice.
    ~~J lgf

    ~J~J lflf

    ~ lifa (~ yil.fi) (with

    c~J lgJ.z

    lgb

    ~ lagab p. yL.A.Ji 'algaab 1. last


    name, family name. 2. agnomen or
    cognomen. 3. title (at the end of one's
    name).

    J.al

    ligaf ( ~ yulguj) to catch, seize,


    grab. ~i L....;iJ oJ~I ~) 'irmi
    1-kuura w-aana 'algujha. Throw the
    ball and I will catch it.
    ~I nligaf VII pass. of .....uJ ligaf

    ~J~J /gig
    J.Lal!aglag p.

    Jli.Al lagaalig stork.

    ~~J lgm
    ~ laggam II: o~~ ~ laggam
    1-gahwa. He stirred the ground coffee
    into hot water
    ~ tlaggam
    laggam.

    pass. of II

    r--Al

    lugma p. ~ lugam bite,


    mouthful. a......AJ j5'Li [)~ U.:. xaf!na
    nruul,z naakil lugma. Let's go and get a
    bit to eat.

    4....-Al

    'u..tJ lgn
    ~ laggan II 1. to teach s.o., instruct
    J~i
    s.o. in s.th. ofo ~41) ~
    ~~ LA> fi_cyaa! illi yilcab wiwaahum
    ylaggnuu hal-J,zaCi. The children he
    plays with teach him these words. 2.
    to prompt. ~ ..L>-IJ ~ 0~ ~j'~

    Jll

    547

    /aazim ykuun fii waal)id ylaggna.


    There must be someone prompting
    him.
    T

    u~J lgn
    ~ ligan p. 0\.A.J lgaan 1. large metal
    wash basin. 2. food tray.

    t,i~J lgy
    ~ liga (~ yilga), ~ ligi (~
    yilga)
    1. to find s.o., s.th. J ~
    J _,___ll ligeeta fi s-suug. I found him in
    the marketplace. <~J ..:r->-i ~ .J-lA.i L.
    ma nigdar nilga 'al)san minna. We
    cannot find anything better than this.
    ~~ .J ~
    ~ .J...IZ L. ma tigdar
    tilgaa-li sigga raxii~a? Can't you find
    me an inexpensive apartment? (prov.)
    o~ ~ J .J.J.>.. jidir w-ligi gataa. A man
    is known by the company he keeps.
    (lit., "A cooking pot and it has found
    its lid."). 2. to encounter, meet, run
    into. ..........;\.,:>- :) o..L.:>,.\J JS'L:..... ~ ligi
    masaaldl waayda ji l;ayaata. He
    encountered many problems in his life.

    J~ laaga III

    = ~ liga,

    ~ ligi.

    J"jJ

    tlaaga VI to meet each other, get


    together, come together. ~ 41J ~')\;
    ~I ~ \..;.i.ijiJ ........ J..rJI tlaageena wiyya
    hal f-caruusa w-ttafagna ca[a 1-mahar.
    We met with the bride's folks and we
    came to an agreement concerning the
    dowry. L.::.JI ~ ~')..;:, Lb.:- xa!!na
    nitlaaga cafa /-Caa. Let's get together
    for dinner. ~I J_,..... ~ o41J ~')\;
    tlaageet wi.Y.Yaa ji suug s-simac. I ran
    into him in the fish market.
    ~~ nliga pass. of ~ liga. ~ L..

    ~ ~J

    j:i} ma yinligi 'utee/ raxii$

    hni. An inexpensive hotel cannot be


    found here. ~ ..c-.11 J ~l ~ L.
    y _rAil o")l..... ma yinligi 'illafi li-msiid
    cugub ~alaat li-mgarb. You can see
    him only in the mosque after the
    sunset prayer.
    ~~ laagi (act. part. from~ liga or
    ~ ligi) p. -yiin having found s.o. or
    s.th. ...........:... .:_r--->-i ~~ y .J-' muub
    laagyiin 'al;san minna. We cannot find
    a better person than he is.

    ~~J lkk

    I!.U lakk p. -aat very large amount,


    approx. 100,000. ~~J ~ ~b .#1
    )-..S"i 1-mahar iJall;iin lakkeen walla
    'ak8ar. A dowry now is 200,000
    (dirhams) or more.
    ~~J lkm

    ~ likam (~ yulkum) to punch,


    strike with the fist. y.::... J ~ ~
    ...?>.J '11 ~ C L1.) !kama cata weeha
    w-taal; ca[a 1-'ar(J. He punched him on
    the face and he fell down.

    r5~ laakam III to box with s.o., engage s.o. in a fist fight. ......s'')l; l~l
    ..!.)....,.;y.. 'ioa tlaakma ywaggick. If you
    box with him, he will knock you
    down.

    ~ lakma p. -aat punch, blow with


    the fist.

    w":At

    mulaakama boxing, fist fight-

    ing.

    r-5":At

    mulaakim (act. part. from III


    ~'i laakam) p. -iin boxer.

    u~J tkn.

    See under 0 ..:II J laakn.

    548
    ~

    ,.J

    tl

    II to shine, make shine.


    ~J ~Y ......_A:,.. ~_,.J:-1 y _,....;:, (Jirab
    1-juuti l;agga baalii.J w-lammaca. He
    polished (applied shoe polish to) his
    shoes and shined them.

    lmbr

    ~ lambar p. -aat number, numeral.

    ,.J

    Imp

    c,.J

    lampa p. -aat light bulb.

    t_ll.iammaac bright, shiny, sparkling.

    lmb
    ~ lima!; (~ yalmal;) to catch a

    raJ raJ

    glimpse of, glimpse, catch sight of.


    ;;J~I J~ ~ limal;ta ysuug
    s-sayyaara. I caught a glimpse of him
    driving the car.
    4$: laml;a p. -aat glance, quick look.
    ~"j..o

    malaamil:z (p. only) outward


    appearance, looks, features.
    ~,.J lms

    ~ Iimas (~yilmas) 1. to touch,

    feel. !iU:-1 ~ 'j Ia tilmas l-jaam!


    Don't touch the glass. 'j -~~ ..!1i )I
    ~ r-rang yidiid. Ia tilimsa. The
    paint is fresh. Don't touch it. 2. to
    feel, sense, have a hunch. <L..il ~
    y _,...JI ...L...;:> .:r--J. o...~..:.&- limast 'inna cinda
    tal;ayyuz (Jidd f-carab. I felt that he
    was prejudiced against the Arabs.
    '-""~ malmuus (p.p. from __,.J.limas)
    1. noticeable, tangible. '-"'_rl.. ~ ~
    ~L. _,..l!..LII ...:..UJWI L) fii tal;assun
    malmuus fi f-cafaagat d-diblomaasiyya. There's a noticeable improvement in the diplomatic relations. 2.
    touched, felt.

    traJ

    lammac

    fmc

    d- limac (~ yilmac) to shine, glisten,

    e:--t

    gleam.
    t........ )-1f.$l..A J-> J~l
    li-l;yuul l;agg haaoi 1-l;urma tilmac.
    This woman's bracelets are shining.

    lmlm

    ~ lam/am (~ ylamlim) to gather

    up, gather s.th . .11 JL.I L)J ..!.liL.\...... ~


    lamlim saamaanak w-fi maan-i-llaa.
    Gather up your things and goodbye.

    ra raJ

    lmm

    r lamm

    (~ ylimm) to gather, collect,


    gather together. ~ ~ J JIJJ~I
    .r.--11 lamm l-'awraag w-l:zatthum cafa
    1-meez. He gathered the sheets of
    paper and put them on the table. W
    ~_r-3-1 a ..,1.,.1 J-> ...:..W._?. lammeena
    l;agg
    1-jamciyya
    tabarrucaat
    1-xayriyya. We collected donations for
    the charitable organization. i J JL.o
    ~ ~ ~1;, .Jaar-li 'alimm
    tuwaabic casar siniin. I have been
    collecting stamps for ten years. J..dl
    ~~I t-tindeellamm 1-kuuliyya. The
    foreman called all the coolies together.

    ~I nlamm VII pass. oft lamm.

    ~I ltamm VIII to gather, come together, assemble. ~..UI ...~..:.&- lr=JI J'\.:JI
    n-naas ltammaw cind d-dacma. The
    people gathered near the (scene of the)
    car accident. J.J->" 1~1 ..:_r-:!~IJ J'L.;
    ~I naas waaydiin ltammaw !:zoo/
    s-seex. Many people rallied around
    the Shaikh.

    t lamm (v.n. from t lamm) gathering,


    collection, gathering together.

    j-=JI

    549

    lamm s-samil reunion, reunification

    ~_,.....L. malmuum (p.p. from


    lamm)
    gathered, collected, assembled.

    inflamed.

    ~"J lhj

    lahja p. -aat dialect. ~J-YI ~~


    I 6 6-.;; L.... 1-lahja li-bdiwiyya rna
    niflihimha. We don't understand the
    Bedouin dialect. ~ J_,..A; ~ J-!.mif}i/-ma nguul b-lahjatna as we say
    in our dialect.

    I f" f" J lmmaa

    Ll lamma (conj.) I. when, as, at the


    time when. ~i ..::.. '~ Ulamma
    yiit, cint 'astagil. When you came, I
    was working. 2. until, till the time
    when. \.>.. l1 ~; trayyeeta lamma ya. I
    waited for him until he came. 41>.

    'i "J

    ~ lahha II I. (with ,:r- can) to


    distract s.o. from s.th., divert s.o. 's
    attention from. d,____..\J...UI .:..rJ' _jU
    lahhaani can d-diraasa. He distr~cted
    me from studying. l~i ~ .r-..lll ...}

    C"') Ll .!lyiJ xaf!ha wiyyaak lamma


    'arjac. Keep it with you until I return.

    auJ Inc
    J-.-J lane p.

    -aat launch, motorboat.


    ~~ ..::..4...l.o......ll l.;,... J rif:ma s-sacdiyyaat
    b-1-lanc. We went to Sadiyat Island by
    launch.

    u..luJ

    o~):-1 lahhi 1-mudiir l}.atta 'aira


    1-jariida. Hold the manger's attention
    so I can read the newspaper. 2. to
    entertain, amuse, distract. JWI
    ~ ...1..:>-IJ 0 y.b;; li-cyaa! yil}.taajuun
    waal}.id ylahhiihum. The children need
    someone to entertain them.

    lndn

    IJ~ landan London.

    uuJ

    Inn

    ~ tlahha V pass. of II ...} lahha.

    IJ~ linn (conj., corruption of MSA J~


    li'an) because. See li-'an underJ /-.

    ~1/tiha VIII = V ~ tlahha.


    ~ lahu 1. diversion, pastime.
    amusement, fun.

    ~"J lhb
    ~1/tihab VIII I. to catch tire, flare
    up, burn brightly. Jrl) ~~ cl.fJI
    <Ll5"' 1-garaaj ltihab w-l}.tiraj killa. The

    ~Lib lahhaaya
    babies).

    garage caught fire and burned to the

    2. to become inflamed. j}JI


    ~~ .u.:,... 1-luwaz l}.agga ltihbat. His
    ~ lahab flame, blaze, flare.

    yl...foll ltihaab inflammation. yl..f=ll

    j}Jiltihaab 1-luwaz tonsilitis.


    ~ miltahib (act. part. from~~

    ltihab)

    1. aflame, ablaze, burning. 2.

    2.

    p. -aat pacifier (for

    ~ malha p. ~;;.... malaahi night


    club, cabaret.

    ground.

    tonsils were inflamed.

    lhy

    .JJ

    /w
    loo (conj.) if. 1. .U ~ l;41J _j.}
    Zoo tyi wiyyaana ccuufa. If you come
    with us, you will see him. C.J~ _,J
    ~l::__...j .!ll:.A loo truul}. hnaak tistaanis.
    If you go there, you will have a good
    time. .:.r-->"'i JU r.}lS 1..5 J-"' _,J loo

    _,J

    550
    sawwa Cioi caan 'al)san. If he did like
    this, it would be better. (prov.) _,J
    ....._; ~ J\.5'" ~ 1..} J--4 loo yadri cmeer
    caan sagg ()ooba. Ignorance is bliss.
    (lit., "If Omeer had known, he would
    have ripped his clothes."). (prov.)}
    plJI o..U. L. J\.5'" .!?- y loo jii xeer caan
    rna hadda t-teer. It's worthless. (lit.,
    "If it had been of any use, the bird
    would not have discarded it."). 2.
    even though, although.
    (prov.)
    C.~ JU _rJ ..!.L.o ~ xasmak
    minnak loo caan caway. Don't be
    ashamed of your folks. (lit.,"Your
    nose is a part of you although it is
    crooked.") _,J ... _,J loo... loo... either...
    or... !.II~ _,J I L } loo haaoa loo oaak
    either this or that. C.J} } ~ } loo tyi
    loo truu/:1. Either you come or you go.
    ~ _,J loo bacad or not, yet.~} bya loo bacad? Has he come or not? 3.
    I wish ... ! if only ... ! J_,+. t..?J...:,$. _,J
    !r-"'J:J loo cindi malyoon dirhim! I wish
    I had one million dirhams. 'Y} loola if
    it weren't (hadn't been) for. ~'Y}
    t.~l .:.r-- b JLS' loolaahum caan
    mitna min 1-yuuc. If it weren't for
    them, we would have starved to death.
    (j~JJ lwby

    L....:!)luubya (coli.) beans, string beans.


    ~r ~~ y}JI ~ kam 1-luubya l-yoom?
    How much are string beans today?
    L:Jlj;. y}JI l-luubya gaalya. String
    beans are expensive.~) Li~ cindana
    luubya. We have string beans.

    CJJ lw/:1
    fool) p. JW liil)aan plank (of
    wood). :J.J--"i C._,_J fool) 'aswad

    c__,J

    blackboard.
    L,-;~ /aay/:la p. ~I} /awaayi/:1 bill.

    4>-'Y
    jS"\11 /aay/:lat 1-'aki/ the menu or bill of
    fare.

    c,j..JJJ /wry
    4-j)~ /oori p. -yyaat,

    t..?).r-J /awaari

    lorry, truck.

    ,jJJ lwz
    j)looz (coiL) almonds. s. -a p. -aat.

    oj~

    looza p. j_rJ luwaz tonsil. y4-=ll


    j}JI ltihaab 1-/uwaz tonsilitis.

    JJJJ lwlw
    _,.J _,1 luulu (coli.) pearls. s. o_,J)
    luulwa. (common var.
    See under J;. f> ~ gmS).

    ~W

    gmaas.

    ~JJ lwm
    ~~ laam (r ~ yluum) to blame, rebuke,

    censure. ~ L.. ~ ~ _,t 'Y Ia


    tluumni cafa rna jacaft. Don't blame
    me for what I have done.
    ~~~ nlaam VII (pass. of r'Y laam) to

    be blamed, rebuked, censured. ~j


    ol_,_.... ~I u~ i~ \..... t..S.J--" zeen
    sawwa. rna yinlaam ca[a IIi sawwaa.
    He did the right thing. He can't be
    blamed for what he had done.

    r)loom (v.n.) blame, rebuke, censure.


    (j f>J J lwmy
    ~_,1 luumi (coli.) s. -yya p. -aat. 1.
    lemons. rHI ~ J ~..,?'" }JI 1-luumi
    raxii~ 1-yoom. Lemons are inexpensive

    today . ...:.,.~) ?- ~~~ stireet casar


    luumiyyaat. I bought ten lemons. 2.
    limes.

    55 I

    f./JJ

    ~JJ lwn

    .:J_,.J lawwan II to color, add color to.


    ? r---' )1 .J} lawwan r-rasim l}amar.
    He colored the picture red.
    .:J _,...u tlawwan V I. (pass of II .J}
    lawwan) to be colored . .J~ w I..L.a
    ~ haaoa ma yitlawwan xa(Jar. This
    cannot be colored green. 2. to be
    changeable or fickle, to shift with the
    wind. ~; L.. J.--!.o .J~ yitlawwan
    mi9il-ma triid. He is as fickle as he
    can be.

    .:J_,.J loon p . .JI}Ilwaan I. color, hue,


    complexion. ~ .J _,..J loon xa(Jar
    green color. ? .J_,J loon l}amar red
    color. ~ .J~ ~} lawwna b-loon
    bunni. Color it brown. 2. kind, sort .
    .J _,JJI u .:.r- ~ catni min hal-loon.
    Give me (something) of this kind.

    .;,_;..;, sloon (see under u.JJ~ slwn).

    ,r..}J talwiin (v.n. from II .J_,J lawwan)


    coloring.
    .:J _,....L. mlawwan (p.p. from
    lawwan) colored, tinted . .J _,!..
    mlawwan color film, color
    Li _,!.. ~')ljl g{aam mlawwana

    II .J _,J
    ~ filim
    movie.
    colored

    pencils.

    i.S_,.J

    luwa (1.$~ yilwi) 1. to bend. L.


    ~~ W. 1.$ _,Ji J..ui ma 'agdar 'alwi
    has-siim. I cannot bend this wire. 2. to
    twist, wrench . . fJ ~I ,js- .W )) o-4 t.> _,J
    luwa yadda w-waggaca ca[a 1-'ar(J. He
    twisted his arm and knocked him on
    the ground.
    I.S _,...11 tlawwa V I. to writhe . .y ~_,t
    ._;P_;-11 tlawweet min 1-mara(J. I writhed
    in pain. 2. slither, wriggle. !J.r!'
    )1 ~ t.> ~ yi...L.JI cuufl d-daab
    yitlawwa fi r-ramil. Look! The snake
    is slithering in the sand. t.> _,.L:; o.) J...UI
    ~ 0:-J d-duuda titlawwa leen tamsi.
    A worm wriggles when it moves.

    J-

    I.S _,1.;1 nluwa VII pass. oft.> _,J luwa.


    I.S.J=llltuwa VIII = VII t..>_,.l;l nluwa.

    I_,.J /iwa p. 4.!)i 'alwiya I. major gentraffac


    eral (mil. rank). l_,l ~ J Jl
    'ila rutbat liwa. He was promoted to
    the rank of major general. 2. brigade.
    l_,l ft'"i 'amiir liwa brigadier general. 3 .
    district, province.

    c!}

    ~Y... malwi (p.p. from t.>) luwa) bent,

    twisted, coiled.

    .:J_,6 mitlawwin (act. part. from V .J _,t

    ~ _,.:.L. miltuwi 1. = 1.$ _,...1.. malwi 2.


    winding, meandering. ~ !j..l; ~I

    tlawwan)

    fickle,

    I.$ _,...a.. r":J.S J_r4j 'i/:zCi cadi/! Ia tguu/

    unreliable . .J _,J:.. ~.o..# ~ JJ.A.i L. ma


    nigdar nictimid cafee; mitlawwin. We

    kalaam miltuwi. Talk straight! Don't


    beat around the bush.

    cannot

    changeable,

    depend

    on

    him;

    he's

    changeable.

    JJ

    lwy

    lwh

    o.,_J looh (elat.) common cormorant. s.


    -a p. -aat.

    I tS ~ tS J lybyaa

    - Y-

    liibya Libya.

    ~ liibi

    Libya.
    ~l_,k

    1. Libyan, characteristic of

    2. (p. -yyiin) a Libyan.~

    .:.r-

    huwa liibi min taraab/is.

    552

    your B.A. degree.

    He's a Libyan from Tripoli.

    Je~J lyf

    ue~J lyt
    ~ /eel p. -aat 1. lightbulb. ~I l..i.A.

    J-) layyaf II to scour, scrub. rj'1

    .U~

    j-:!j ~I ~

    . J )~ haaoa /-feet ma~ruug.


    baddla. This lightbulb is burned.
    Change it. 2. light, electric light. ~
    ~I sibb 1-/eet. Tum the light on. ~
    ~~ bannid 1-/eet. Tum the light off.

    laazim tlayyif /-mag/a


    zeen. You have to scour the frying pan
    well. ~ ~lS I,S"""i j.o>L,.,. ..:-..5 0Y
    leen Cint yaahil 'ummi caanat tlayyifni.
    When I was a child, my mother used
    to scrub me.

    te~J lyx

    ~ !iif(coll.) plant fibers, bast.

    ~ liix p. t_r-llyuux fishing net. ~I


    ..!.1.-.-JI

    s-simac. They catch fish in a fishing


    net.

    l,jM

    'i J

    ~ liifa p. -aat, J\,:.llyaaf luffa, bath

    0 )~ 1-/iix y$iiduun fii

    sponge, scouring pad.


    Je~J lyl

    lyst

    J-=.1 /eel night, nighttime. JJll ~ iflj


    zaami fi /-lee/. My shift is at night. ~
    }-~ lee/ nahaar day and night. y _,..
    J~ j:J ~ i j'i muub laazim tistagil
    /eel nahaar. You don't have to work
    day and night. JJll ~ Jl .A-! yishar
    'i/a nU$$ /-/eel. He stays up until midnight. (prov.) (""!U>o- J4Jlu ('"'!Los. j.Jl4
    b-1-/ee/
    camaayim
    w-b-n-nahaar
    xamaayim. Fair without and foul
    within. (lit., "During the day they are
    turbans, and at night they are
    garbage.").

    ~ liista p. -aat list, roster.

    l,jM

    'i J

    lysn

    ~ leesan p. 0-"\,:.lliyaasin driver's

    license. ~L$li,IJ ~I ~) ween


    1-leesan w-1-milkiyya? Where are
    (your) driver's license and title ofyour
    car?

    JMe~J lys
    lees (less common var. ~)
    liwees, ~)I 'ilweeS) why, for what
    reason, what for. ~ ...:.....>- J ~ lees ri~t?
    Why did you go?~ .y ~ lees min
    hini? Why from here?~ (,fo'J~I L. ma
    dri lees. I don't know why. L. ~
    ~o~l ~ lees ma cateeta-yyaaha?
    Why didn't you give it to him? J-.:)
    ~J---) ~ lees bass lees? Why (on
    earth)?

    J--)

    ~u l~cjJ ly$aan$
    ~L..4:J lee$aan$ p. -aat B.A. degree.

    \.,.a.; L..,a.Jjl ~ 0--!-J .:r-

    min ween
    ~a$$alt l-lee$aan$? Where did you get

    lee/a p. JW layaali (one) night.


    l..r""'"i U:J lee/at 'ams last night. tiJjl
    /-lee/a tonight. c.f _,...JI a.....1.:J lee/at f-cirs
    the wedding night.

    LL:J

    ..

    ,.($ J lym
    ~~ laayam III to agree with, suit, be

    good for. ~~ , ;, _,all L) ~ I,..AI


    ~)1 1-hawa hni fi $-$eejylaayim
    l-marii9iin. The weather here in the
    summer agrees with (the health of)
    sick people. J.Jll L) ~i ~"jy_ L. ma

    553
    ylaayimni 'astagil fi 1-leel. It's not
    convenient for me to work at night. Lt.
    ~~ L....o jS"")il hal- 'akil ma ylaayimni.
    This food is not good for me.
    ~~ mlaayim (act. part. from III ('"":! '1

    laayam) opportune, favorable, suitable. ~::;.... cJJ wagt mlaayim opportune time. ~'".>\... ~1..:.. munaasaba
    mlaayuma favorable occasion.

    u(j J lyn
    ~ leen (conj.) 1. when !.lL;.,.
    ~

    J....y

    [een (00$0/ hnaak callimni.


    When you get there, let me know.

    ~ ~ ~ ~.r"

    JL.u tacaal $OObna


    leen tyi hni. Come to our place when
    you come here. 2. until, till. ~ ...:......J
    ~j J~ rammasta leen gaal,
    "zeen. " I talked to him until said,
    "Fine." l>.- ~ oJ p ni{arta leen ya. I
    waited for him until he came.

    .JtjJ lyw

    aH leewa 1. Liwa, oasis in Abu


    Dhabi. 2. African dance in which men
    and women sing, dance, and beat the
    drums.

    I,.

    maa
    L...o ma (neg. part.) 1. ryll if ~ L. ~

    baacad ma nass min n-noom. He


    hasn't woke up yet. !....A.lL;s; L.. ma
    yxaalif! Never mind! It doesn't matter.
    ~ J~ L. -~.r mariio. ma yigdar
    yamsi. He's ill. He cannot walk. L..
    ~~~ CJ) J..l_ji ma 'agdar aruuh
    oalhiin. I cannot go now. (prov.)
    ~_H ~I J ~ L.. 'illi ma ycarf
    $-$agir yiswii. Don't kill the goose that
    lays the golden egg. rl)i .;~ L. .?~
    baaCir ma ydiss z-zaam. He won't
    report for duty tomorrow. L. ~ _,A.ll ~
    ~ hal-guuti ma yitbattal. This can
    cannot be opened. !u ~ L.... rna
    ga$$art! Bravo! You've done well.
    ~ .!.\~ ...}--!) wees balaak? What has
    happened to you? ~ ~~ L.. rna
    balaani sayy. Nothing has happened to
    me. ;;~ ~ L. mafii ghawa. There's
    no coffee.~\) c...J"_,.L; ~.J..:.$. L. rna cindi
    jluus waayid. I don't have much
    money. j_W-}JI lJ rW:, ~ Jts"' L. ma
    kaan fii tamaat fi li-griinhooz. There
    weren't
    any
    tomatoes in the
    greenhouse. J ~~ ~ L.. ma calee
    dyuun. He doesn't owe any money.
    (prov.) Jt; .J L. JJi .J L.
    'illi rna Ia
    'awwal ma Ia taali. Everything should
    have a sound beginning. (lit., "He who
    doesn't have a beginning doesn't have
    an end.") . ..b-l.. maMad (corruption of
    ...1.....>-i L. ma 'ahad). )...U\ l) ..b-l.. maMad
    fi d-daar. There isn't anyone in the
    house. !~ L.. ma caleek! Never

    Jll

    Jll

    mind.
    2. (rei. pron.) that which,
    which. !11UL. maasaaffa! Splendid!
    (lit., "that which God willed.").
    Amazing. 3. (with foil. rb daam) as
    long as. ~ ...:.....-~ L. ma dum! hayy as
    long as I live. ~ ~ CJJ 'c:F' rb L.
    ma daam hini, ruuh sallim calee. As
    long as he's here, go greet him.
    Lo -rna (suff. to prep. inter. part., elat.

    and certain other forms). L. .}.i gabilma ydiss before he enters. J~ ~ sma yguul whatever he says. ~ ~
    s-ma yibga whatever he wants. j-'""i
    '-.?~ L.. 'ahsan-ma cindi the best I
    have. .u_r:.; L....J.S"' kull-ma ccuufa whenever you see him.
    f,)-)J..) I~

    maars

    maaris (common var. )~T


    'aaoaar) March.

    IJ"JL.o
    ~..)I~

    maark

    U"JLo maarka p. -aat brand, make.

    oj_,JI :i...SJL. maarkat l-wazza the goose

    brand (of tea). l..A.:-.o} U"""Jl.. maarkat


    'omeega Omega brand. U"""JUI u if
    min hal-maarka of this kind.

    'i..; I ~

    maary

    ~JLo maariyya p.

    -aat trade-mark. 'j


    ~Jl.. ~ L. ~ ~ ~ Ia tistiri SQ)J' rna
    cafee maariyya. Don't buy anything
    that doesn't bear a trade-mark.

    u.Jt I~

    maacwn

    iJ _yLo maacuun p. ~ly muwaaciin 1.


    dish, plate. ~ J ~ J _yl.. maaczmn

    555

    cees w-labam dish of rice and meat.


    -......J:, ~ j 0 y-Lo maacuun zalaa{a salad
    plate. 2. (p. only) dishes, pots and
    pans. ~1}1 ~I 'igsi/1-muwaaciin.
    Do the dishes. ...,...........i ~ly ~_r.....:;.l
    stireena muwaaciin 'ams. We bought
    pots and pans yesterday.

    d-diic. Forewarned is forearmed. (lit.,


    "When we heated the water, the
    rooster ran away.")
    J (j I f" maayw

    y.\...A maayo (common var. J~i 'ayyaar)


    May. Jl>- 0~ I_,J.I y.Lo ~ l)fi sahar
    maayo 1-hawa ykuun l:zaarr. In May,

    Jlo!l If" maakw

    the weather will be hot.

    '\.o maaku (Kuwaiti) there isn't, there


    aren't. ~ ~L. maaku sayy. There's
    nothing.

    u(j lo!J I f"

    u~ f"

    )---4 mitir p.

    mtaar meter (measure


    of length or distance). Jl ~ rJ-"
    ]---' ~ ~_,.ii .:>LS"..UI min hini 'ila
    d-dikkaan tagriib miiteen mitir. From
    here to the shop, it's about 200 meters.

    .:rSI.r mawaakiin 1. engine. ~Lo


    oJl::--]1 maakiinat s-sayyaara the car
    engine. ~UI ~ bannid 1-maakiina.
    Turn the engine off. 2. machine.
    ~ (j f" I f" maamys
    ~L....o

    maamiis (Qatari) there isn't,


    there aren't. ~1_,. o~ ghawa
    maamiis. There's no coffee.

    uI f"

    miya. See under c,j f' my.

    ...; u f" mtr

    maakyn

    L:._$'\.o maakiina p . ..:r-l.5:... makaayin,

    m'w

    maanaa

    U\.o maanaa Mana (female's name


    made famous by the proverb L;l>- l.r::!
    L.;L:l ~ LiLo J been /:laana w-maana
    <]ayyacna lbaana. Caught in the
    middle. Between the devil and the

    deep blue sea).

    (j If" maay
    ~Lo maay (less common var. ~ mayy,
    y mayya) water. _,1.- -.sLo maay l:zilu
    sweet water. Lo -.sL. maay maalil:z
    salty, saline water. __,..1.. -.sL. maay
    mu(ar rain water. ;) J) -.sLo maay ward
    rose water. (prov.);) _;;, -.slll L:.:....... ~ y.
    ~..UI yoom saxxanna 1-maay sirad

    lo!J (j

    Ju

    Jl.:.,.l

    f" mtlyk

    matliik old coin of insignificant


    value. ~ ~ J (.,fo"J:.s. Lo rna cindi wala
    macliik. I don't have any money, not
    even a plugged nickel.

    c,u f"

    mtn

    ~ mitin (J...S_ yimtan) 1. to become


    fat, plump, stout. J'--'.J JS""~ <..!"'! bass
    yaakil w-yimtan. He just eats and gets
    fat. 2. to gain weight. <..!"'! t7l,b... _,k
    J...S_ L.. ga(u mataabix bass rna yimtan.
    He eats like a pig, but he doesn't gain
    weight.

    mattan

    II to fatten, make fat.


    J-...1 L.. ........s"lyJIJ J\__,a.;l.i li-xoaar
    w-1-fawaakih rna tmattin. Vegetables
    and fruits are not fattening.

    1)-o

    ~ mitiin 1. (p. -iin) fat, plump,


    stout. ~;) 'j\J ~ ~ ~ caks
    mitiin 9aciif walla dijiij. The opposite

    556

    saying, proverbial phrase. J!ll J j JscaJa goo/1-ma(}a/ as the proverb says .


    2. example. J!.o \.:.6.&. .,y..j nzeen. ca{na
    ma(}a/. O.K. Give us an example.

    of mitiin is paciif or dijiij. 2. thick.


    .Ji-- ....k>- babil mitiin thick rope.
    J~~ mOl

    J.!.-

    maOOal II 1. to act, play (a role).


    J 1r<:....__j 1 ;J:l ~ ymaOOil door
    s-sakraan. He acts the role of a
    2. to represent. ~PI
    drunkard.
    ~ ._,.. J....L:..o ...:.,....;;. )> li-bkuuma {arrasat
    manduub ymaOOi/ha. The government
    sent a delegate to represent it. 3. to
    show, demonstrate. ~; j..!.( ...5"_,L..
    suluuka ymaOOil tarbiyata. His
    behavior is an indication of his
    upbringing.

    J-=io

    maOiil equal, match. j:!.o .!.D l.


    ma-lak maOiil. You have no equal.
    J~

    t-.l:.o miOil-ma (conj.) as, just as, the


    same as. Jdl J ~ W:.. miOil-ma yguul
    1-ma(}a/ as the proverb goes. "-!..J-"'
    ..:U ...:.-.U W:.. sawwii miOil-ma git-lak.
    Do it just as I have told you.

    J:.o

    maOal p. J~!..i 'amOaal I. proverb,

    tim(}aal p. j;li tamaa(}iil statue.

    J-=:'

    tam(}iil (v.n. from II J!.o maOOa[)


    acting.

    :i ) / ' tam(}ii/iyya p. -aat play stage,


    presentation.

    muma(}(}i/ p. -iin
    representative, agent.

    J.!.a

    miOil 1. like, similar to, the same


    as. o:JI..L>.i J.--!.- miOil 'aydaada like his
    forefathers. ~ .rJ" huwa miOilhum.
    He's just like them . .!,lli.. ~~1 ~
    yitkallam 'ingiliizi miOlak. He speaks
    English as well as you do. jd4 b-1miOi/ in kind, in the same manner,
    likewise. Jd~ ~ _,ll J--~ L. .r..lll \.,.,.
    hal-mudiir rna ycaamilli-mwaMafiin
    b-1-miOi/. This manager doesn't treat
    employees the same way. jd4 U..WI
    1-mucaama/a b-1-miOi/ eye for an eye,
    the principle of reciprocity. 2. (p. J~!..i
    'amfJaal) similar person or thing, person or thing of the same kind . ...li'- J~!..i
    'amOaal fJamad people like Hamad .
    ..J\!..iJ y. huwa w-'amOaa/a He and all
    of his kind.

    ma(}a/an for example, for instance.

    1. actor.

    2.

    u~~ mOn

    wli.l

    maOaana

    p. -aat (urinary)

    bladder.
    .J~~

    mjr

    J-$.1

    1-majar (common var. ~;l.i.:A


    hangaarya) Hungary.

    f.$_;!- majari 1. Hungarian, characteristic of Hungary.


    Hungarian.
    I.)M .J ~ ~

    2. (p.

    majar) a

    mjws

    ~~

    majuus Magi, adherents of


    Mazdaism.

    ...r'y!- majuusi p . ...t'y. majuus Majian.


    ~ y!- majuusiyya Mazdaism.

    C I Cr'

    ml:zaaiJ

    r_ U: mal:zaal:z (coli.) egg yolk. s. -a p.


    -aat Ju.b\11 J->- ~j ._;.-JS' ~I(~
    mal:zaal:z !-beep killis zeen J:zagg
    1-'atfaal. Egg yolk is very good for
    babies.

    557
    ~I

    ,; I C f' m~war

    ~U:

    )~

    mal;aar (coil.) sea shells, oyster


    shells, snail shells. s. -a p. -aat.
    J

    ~LA mal;l;ad (corruption of ~i L. ma

    'al;ad). See under If" maa.

    I tf' mxaa

    ~ Cf' ml;g

    WI l-maxa Mocha (city and seaport in


    SW Yemen).

    ~I

    'iml;ag (in Bedouin speech)


    Damn it! Darn it!

    :W: mal;ga chaos, utter confusion.

    CCf' mxx
    muxx p. t L.s! mxaax I. brain. t"
    muxx l-ganam tayyib. Sheep
    brain is delicious. t-ll ._}..!..: L. ~ l..i.A>
    haaoa sayy ma ydiss 1-muxx. Thi-s is an
    unacceptable thing.
    (lit., "This is
    something that cannot enter one's
    mind.")
    2. mind, intelligence. 3.
    marrow.

    t;-o

    UCf' ml;n

    ~ ~I

    ~I

    mtil;an VIII 1. to take an


    ")~I
    examination. l) .- 6;;
    u~4)i
    mtifwnt w-~agatt ji
    r-riyaa(Jiyyaat. I took an examination
    and failed mathematics. 2. to test,
    examine. ~~)II -J l.....;.;...;..\ <...!"J...LJ.\
    l-mudarris mtil;annaji l-'ingiliizi. The
    teacher tested us in English.
    .JL..;...:.ol mtif;aan p.

    -aat examination,
    test. J~\ ~\).G.:. xaou catoyya
    mtifwan. They gave me an examination. JL.._;,._:, 'il l) ...:--.....i. nijebt ji
    li-mtil;aan. I passed the examination.

    l.j J I J f' mdaaly


    A..:) I~ madaalya p. -aat medal.

    C J f'

    JSll

    commend. ~~
    !-kill ymadl;a.
    Everyone praises him. ~I C ..L..o
    ~ ;;~ midab s-seex b-ga~iida
    nabatiyya. He praised the Shaikh in a
    vernacular poem.

    mil;a (~.yaml;i) I. to erase, rub


    out. _,1-ll i.l.A. ~~ 'iml;i haaoa s-satir.
    Erase this line (of words). 2. to wipe
    out, eradicate, exterminate. ~I
    ~i ;;~ .:_;->- ~U 1-jees mal;aahum
    can bakrat 'abiihim. The army wiped
    them out to the last man.
    ~ mahba

    C~I nmidaf1 VII pass. of C-'-" midal;.

    C..l..-4

    mad/; (v.n. from C ..L..o midal;)


    praise. ~I C-'-" mad!; n-nabi praising
    the Prophet. L,r--:!) y .J----" ~I C ..U.I
    /-mad!; l-kal3iir muub zeen. Too much
    praise is not good.

    II to erase repeatedly. 'i

    ~ Ia tmahbi hal-gadd. Don't

    erase so much.

    mdl;

    C...L.o midab (C ...U:. yimdal;) to praise,

    l.j C f' ml;y

    L..2>

    mal;l;aaya p. -aat pencil eraser.

    ~ maml;i (p.p. from ~ mil;a)


    having been erased, rubbed out. ;W5:J1
    ~ {;-calma maml;iyya. The word has
    been erased.

    Cf' ml;d

    ..\.AJI

    nmil;a VII pass. of if- mil;a.

    J J

    f' mdd
    ...L.o madd (~ymidd)

    1. to stretch out

    558
    (e.g., one's leg), extend, stretch. ~..l.o
    ~;..-..-i j>-- ~ J__,.,.. J maddeet ryuuli /ajil
    'astariil:z. I stretched out my legs in
    order to rest. (prov.) ..li ~ ..:lk J ..l.o
    ~U-

    Abu Dhabi to the full length of the


    Arabian coast.

    o..U

    ~..l,o

    mudad, -aat 1. period of time. a.:.._.. o...L...o muddat sana

    midd rii/ak cafa gadd ll:zaafak.

    mudda p.

    period of one year. 2. while. 4.1:_,1.

    As you make bed, you must lie in it.


    o...l.-.,!
    ..L...o )_;--kjl !-tarraar madd-li
    yadda. The beggar extended his hand
    to me. 2. to lay, lay out, spread out.

    o.M

    mudda tawiila long time.

    ~Jl tamdiid (v.n.

    from II ~..L....o
    maddad) extension, lengthening. -4...\1
    ...:.,._;_,ll tamdiid 1-wagt the extension of
    time.

    o..l..,!..l.;.,. .;...~ .;..t..L,. JJH' .s-_;;, sartkat


    l-batrool maddat peepaat yidiida. The
    oil company laid new pipes. 3. to sail,

    ~I..L.::.ol

    maddaw. The pearl divers sailed.

    mtidaadd (v.n. from VIII ..l:.-1


    mtadd) extension, stretching. ~1-L;..I .)scala mtidaad along, along side of.

    ~~

    o~L-o

    set sail.

    IJ...L...o ~JI_,.;JI l-guwaawii~

    maddad II 1. to extend, lengthen.


    0:--- y.. ~\ ~ IJ~..l.o maddadaw cu!fat
    f_ciid yoomeen. They extended the
    4>-L.... ~ JL>..::...~I

    ..:;..j J ~..l.o

    l_,...._.w:.J

    l-mudarris
    saaca.

    nu~~

    .r.-JI ~ OJ~..Lo

    maddadoo cala l-meez w-camaloo-la


    camaliyya. They stretched him out on
    the table and operated on him.
    ~w

    tmaddad V
    maddad

    pass. of II ~...L...o

    VIII to extend, run, stretch


    (over a distance) . ..::.;\JL.~I d..ly ~J..t>
    ~_;JI j>- Ul J _,..1 ~ ~ y. if J.::.i
    bduud dawlat !- 'imaaraat timtadd min
    ..L.::.ol mtadd

    bu (Jabi cafa tuul s-saabil f-carabi.


    The borders ofthe U.A.E. extend from

    mawaadd 1.

    substance. ~ ~~_,.....
    mawaadd bina building materials.
    W} ~~_,....... mawaadd awwaliyya raw
    materials. 2. course, subject, field of
    study. ~I_,.... ...:...)G ~ ~ fii cafayya
    8alaa8 mawaadd. I have to take three
    courses. ~..r-JI o~L.. maaddat 1-fiizya the
    physics course. 3. article, paragraph
    (of a law, contract, etc.) .:r ~\..:.JI o~UI

    The
    teacher
    prolonged
    the
    examination time a quarter of an hour.
    2. to expand, extend. .GI J _rU L.
    ~~I ~..u L. oJr:LI ma tcarf'inna
    l-l:zaraara ma tmaddid 1-/:za{ab? Don't
    you know that heat doesn't expand
    wood? 3. to stretch out, spread out.
    ~\

    ~~_,.....

    material, matter,

    feast holiday two more days. v J..Ll\

    maddad wagt li-mtil:zaan

    maadda p.

    0 _yl__AJI

    1-maadda

    e-eaaniya min

    l-gaanuun article two ofthe law.


    J..;J.

    uJ~

    mimtadd extended, outstretched.

    mdn
    IJ~ tmaddan V to be or become urbanized,

    modernized, civilized. Ll"l.i

    ~~ 0 I_,_;...U: ~...1.>.-IJ naas waaydiin


    tmaddanaw fi l-xaliij. Many people
    have become urbanized in the Gulf.
    ~...U: ..::,;\JL....~\

    0 <-:)~1 ~ mucpam

    l-garay fi l- 'imaaraat tmaddanat. Most


    of the villages in the U.A.E. have
    become quite modem.

    ~J.o madiina p. 0-l.o mudun city, town.

    559
    ~~..L.o

    <.>i .y min 'ayya madiina? From

    which city? ;; .Jy--11 ~..UI 1-madiina


    1-munawwara Medina (city in Saudi
    Arabia). ~lj ~..l.o madiinat zaayid
    Zaid City (in Abu Dhabi).
    ~J..o

    madani 1. civil, CIVIC, city.


    J..UI JlpkJI t-taayaraan 1-madani civil
    aeronautics. ~..L.o J _,;L_j gaanuun
    madani civill~w. ~..l.o 'l.r maraakiz
    madaniyya civic centers. 2. civilian
    (as opp. to military). L,i..L.o ..r--!-y,_.
    malaabis madaniyya civilian clothes.
    ~J..o

    madaniyya civilization.

    ~ d I.; !'" mraak.S

    JS'I_r maraaki 1. Marrakech (city in


    Morocco). 2. Morocco.
    ~l_r maraak.Si 1. characteristic of

    Marrakech or Morocco. 2. a native of


    Marrakech or a Moroccan.

    C[..J !'" mrjb.

    C..J ('"

    See under C':?J f" mryb.

    mrx
    ~)1!-marriix Mars (planet).

    '..)..) !'" mrr


    _;--4 marr (-"- ymurr) 1. to pass, drop in
    (on s.o. or s.th.), drop by, go through.

    i J-!. J.-5"' 0~L.::. ~ lr' .) tmurr min


    hini saabinaat kill yoom. Big trucks
    pass through here every day. ,:_y r
    \~~ marr min hini? Did he pass by
    here? ~\..:.........j) c...il_,......_; ~~~ L# r

    murr
    cafeena
    l-leela;
    nsoolif
    w-nistaanis. Drop in on us tonight; we
    will chat and have a good time. yl1

    0\....p:- o..t..>o ~ r ~ y._:JI talab


    s-sugul baggak marr cafa ciddat
    jihaat. Your job application went

    through many channels. ~L:i !.:;9L....

    r ~ masaakiin! 'ayyaam
    marrat caleehum. Poor people!

    ~ 0

    ~acba

    They have experienced hard times. 2.


    to pass, elapse, go by. ~_,.b o..L.o 0 .r
    marrat mudda {awiila. A long period
    of time passed.

    J.r" marrar II to let pass . .J/- L.. .J))\


    ~ ,:_y 0L:.J_,.l.JI 1-muruur ma ymarrir
    1-looriiyyaat min hini. The traffic
    won't let lorries pass from here.

    .r-:--'1 stamarr X 1. to continue, keep


    on, persist. ~ J.,.-JI ~ _r-:..-.-1
    stamarr yistagil 'ileen Wab. He
    continued to work until he got tired.
    ...:__....I.J.:> L) ~\) J..L.J )L... saafar
    landan w-stamarr ji diraasta. He
    traveled to London and went on with
    his studies. 2. to last, go on. ~I ~
    iL..:i c) 0 _r-:......1 cutlat [-ciid stamarrat
    'arbac 'ayyaam. The feast holiday
    lasted four days.

    .r" marr (v.n. from .r marr) passing


    by, stopping . .r <..?- . .:\L:...o..;;, L.. Jl.. j .y
    ..;--1 L.. min zamaan ma sifnaak. l;atta
    marr rna tmurr. We haven't seen you
    for a long time. You don't even stop
    by.
    ~ .r" marra p.

    -aat once, time. <..:...-:>- .J


    .:lb ril;t hnaak marra
    wal;da bass. I went there only once.
    ~ .r marrateen twice. ;;,._,;~ .; .r marra
    8aanya once more, once again. o.r ~
    ~ .:\..l._;,..) J _r-ll ~ )} L. ..:.ll ...:.J; cam

    ..r--!

    o..l._;,..) ;;

    marra git-lic ma truul;iin s-suug


    wal;dic? How many times have I told
    you not to go to the marketplace
    alone? or .:._;.-- _;.Si 'ak8ar min marra
    more than once, many times.

    tYi o.r

    560

    ~ tJ.)i o.r"J .1-~ marra 'aduux


    jigaayir
    w-marra
    'aduux sbiil.
    Sometimes I smoke cigarettes and
    sometimes I smoke a pipe. JJi l.?J.J,.
    ~~~or haaoi 'awwal marra tyi
    hni? Is this the first time you come
    here? o.r--" _r->-1J o.r--" J} '~ 4.?1 'ii
    nacam, 'awwal marra w- 'aaxir marra.
    Yes indeed, the first time and the last
    time. o)~ b-1-marra (usually neg.) at
    all, never. o)~ 4:.L!. L..... ma cifta
    b-1-marra. I haven't seen him at all.
    ~o )~ ~ Lo ~ ..!..LJ ..:.-li o.r" ~ cam
    marra git-lak? ma tiftihim b-1-marra?
    How many times have I told you?
    Don't you ever know?

    JJ.r" muruur (v.n. from _,.. marr) 1.


    passing, passage. 2. (with Jl
    1-muruur the traffic police.

    /-) ;J)I

    .;-l mamarr p. -aat passageway,


    corridor.
    .;.; ,. mrr
    .}"""murr 1. bitter.. o~l l.?J.J,. y_r.i L.
    or ma 'asrab haaoi 1-gahwa. murra. I
    won't drink this coffee. It's bitter. r
    ~I J..!.o murr miOlf-ca[gam bitter as
    colocynth. 2. (with Jl /-) hardship,
    hard time. _r--ll ~ ~ $ibar ca[a
    1-murr. He's put up with hardship. Jl~
    ...,..11 oaag 1-murr. He's experienced a
    hard time.
    I. bitterness . ...::.. ;..U L.
    l+.i ..:-,:5' ~\ o))l .y ~i ma gidart
    'afakkir min 1-maraara IIi Cint fiiha. I
    wasn't able to think because of my
    bitterness. 2. (p. -aat) gall bladder.

    ,-ai

    '-:' ~.; ,. mrzb


    ylj.J""" mirzaab p. ~)r miraaziib
    roof gutter. ylj_,...ll <J Jr- _):ail f.$Lo
    ~~

    C.J.r-J maay 1-mu(ar yanzil fi

    1-mirzaab w-yruul:z 1-biir. Rain water


    flows down the roof gutter and goes to
    the well.

    l:t.;,. mr(J
    ,jP.r" miri(J (._;P~.yimra(J) to get sick,
    become sick. .J... .y .J..>.l.. J ~.r C1.1
    ../ .r" {aab marii(J w-mal;zbad min hala

    miri(J. He fell ill and none of his


    family becan1e sick.

    ,jP.}""" marra{J II to make sick. JS'~I \.to

    oJ'.r"

    min 1-ca[gam more bitter than


    colocynth. 2. (with foil. n.) the most
    bitter. .:r-rf..; I /- 'amarreen (originally,
    the two worst things, probably poverty
    and old age). ~_,..c..;, Jl~ oaag
    1-'amarreen. He experienced many
    hardships.

    maraara

    'amarr (elat.) 1. (with .y min)


    more bitter than. ~~ .y _,..i 'amarr

    ../ ~ ha/-'akil ymarri(J. This food


    makes people sick.

    ,jP~ tmarra(J V = ._;P_,.. miri(J . ...:,....;, )


    ~.a J ~ .y..._.;JI .!.ll~ ,j--J tmarraf)t
    min oaak s-sugul. fannast w-haddeeta.
    I got sick and tired of that work. I
    resigned and let it go.

    ,jPJll tmaara(J

    VI to pretend to be
    sick, feign illness. Ji-=.!1 .;.) L. J ..)> }i
    ~.r-::JI tmaara(J w-ma dass s-sugul
    1-yoom. He pretended to be sick and
    didn't go to work today.

    ,jP,-a mara~ p . ._;PI_,..i 'amraa(J disease,


    illness.
    ~~

    marii~

    p. -iin,

    ~ _,..

    marpa. 1.
    sick, ill. ~.r ...:..-...;S' J~ y..U1 ..:..>- J

    561
    ~J

    ri~ll

    d-daxtar linni Cint marii{J

    w-m.~axxan.
    I went to the doctor
    because I was sick and running a
    temperature. 2. sick person, patient.

    ~~

    tamrii{J nursing, nursing the


    sick. ~r=JI ~ kul/iyyat t-tamrii{J

    the college of nursing.

    _r mumarri{J p. -iin male sick nurse.


    :i.....p _r mumarri{Ja p. -aat female sick
    ~

    nurse.
    ~..Jf" mrg

    ..J f"..J f" mrmr

    .;-".)"' marmar (coil.) 1. marble. 0~


    .r-" )i ~ ~ caymaan tistihir
    b-l:ziyar l-marmar. Ajman is known for
    its marble. 2. alabaster.

    U..J f" mrn

    f" 1> ..J f" mrhm


    ('-"l.J"' marham p.
    ointment,
    healing
    ointment.

    ~I/

    or

    maraahim

    soothing

    ~\.)"'

    mraaya (common var. ~/


    mrayya) p. -aat, c.}/ miri mirror.

    C l.j ..J f"

    mryl:z

    ~.)"' maryal:z
    swing s.o .

    (~..r'-

    ymariy/:z) to rock,

    ~~ tmaryal:z (~~ yitmaryal:z) to


    swing, swing back and forth. J4-J,-1
    0 ~ ~ ._:r-~u l-yihhaal gaacdiin
    yitmaryaf:zuun.
    The children are
    swinging.
    ~~.)"' maryal:zaana p. -aat swing.

    II

    to drill, train s.o.


    y')'.hJI 0 ..r'- ~~ ~I.: )I J' .J..L.o mudarris
    r-riyaa(Ja gaaCid ymarrin (-{Ullaab.
    The athletics teacher is drilling the
    students. c.}~)'~ ~I p ~ /
    marranhum ca[a l-baCi b-l-ingiliizi.
    He trained them to speak English.
    marran

    (with p
    cala) to
    practice, exercise, rehearse. ~ H
    ~I~ J~ ij~ ,~__,.,.i )L._j
    ~ ~)'~ gab il-Ia tsaajir 'amriika,
    laazim
    titmarran
    cala
    1-baf:i
    b-1-ingiliizi. Before you travel to
    America, you have to practice speak-

    wyl

    ~)-!.~ tamriin p. ..f-.JLC tamaariin, -aat


    exercise, practice, training. ._:r-)-.l
    ~l:.J tamaariin riyaa{Jiyya sports.

    l.j ..J f" mry

    J.r- marag (coil.) meat juice, broth.


    (prov.) ~ .Jz- -.; / pi ~~ 1.)!
    'ioa
    cataak s-seex marag /:zurta
    b-siliilak. Make hay while the sun
    shines.

    w.r-"

    ing English. ~I !) o.JJ~ ~ 0 .;-I


    tmarran cafa doora ji t-tamfJiiliyya.
    He has rehearsed his role in the play.

    tmarran

    f" l.j ..J f" m1ym


    ~.)"'

    Miry am (common
    female's name in the U.A.E.).
    maryam

    ~ ~.)"' maryamoo, i Y-/ maryuum dim.


    of r-'.r' maryam.

    CV" f"

    msb

    ~W timsaab p. c--'\1 tamaasiib 1.


    crocodile. ~WI t_.r--~ dumuuc
    t-tamaasiib crocodile tears. 2. alligator.

    d '-""' f" msk

    .!.L..a misak (~_yamsik) 1. to catch.

    562

    _p.__.

    seize. J ,_...JI ~ o
    ~W11-baayig
    miskoo ji s-suug. They caught the thief
    in the marketplace. 2. to hold . .:.5.-.
    o...l,! misakt yadda. I held his hand. 3. to
    keep (e.g., the accounts, the books)
    .;..~WI ~- ...l:>-IJ ~ nibga waabid
    yamsik li-bsaabaat. We need someone
    to keep the accounts.

    u~ I.)JJ,.

    ~ maskiin p. ~L..-.e masaakiin


    poor, miserable, wretched person.

    ,J I.)JJ ,. msw
    ~ massa

    II to bid s.o. good


    evening, wish s.o. a good evening.
    !~~ 11 !}L-. massaak a!!a b-1-xeer!
    Good evening!

    ~~ 'amsak IV to stop eating, start


    fasting (during Ramadan). ~ ~~~
    ~I t!) ~L..ll oa1biin nimsik s-saaca
    'arbaca ~-~ubb. Nowadays, we start
    fasting at 4:00 a.m.

    L-..a masa (less common var. "l.-..o


    masaa~ evening, night.~~ L-. masa

    1-xeer! Good evening! (less common


    than ~~~ 11 !}L-.,. massaak a!!a
    b-1-xeer!) ~}~I L..-.e masa 1-baarba
    last night, yesterday evening. l.-..o
    ~I masa 1-xamiis Thursday night.
    1-masa in the evening, at night..!).;_r:.i
    L.J..I ~ ~UI 'acuufak s-saaca sitta
    1-masa. I'll see you at six in the
    evening.

    cl..-.-' tmassak V (with y b-) to stick


    to, adhere to. ~1_;. .!.1.--C .~IJ Lo ma
    waafag. tmassak b-raaya. He didn't
    agree. He stuck to this opinion.
    ~ mask (v.n. from d-..-o misak)
    keeping (the books, the accounts).
    ;u..UI .!..L.-o mask d-dafaatir bookkeeping, accounting.

    ~L.......o

    masaa'i (adj.) evening. o...\,!_.r


    jariida masaa'iyya evening
    newspaper.
    ~L-..

    !lL...-o! 'imsaak (v.n. from IV d-..-oi


    'amsak) 1. the time of day for beginning the Ramadan fast. 2. (med.)
    constipation. c_~l !Jw ~I IJ~ duwa
    1-'imsaak f-cisrij. Camomile is the best
    medicine for constipation. ~ !JL-.1 !J~
    c;ndak 'imsaak? Are you constipated?
    ~L.......ol 'imsaakiyya p. -aat Ramadan

    calendar (showing the times of !JL-.!


    'imsaak and J# futuur).

    ~ I.)JJ

    f' mskt

    d..-..o

    mas kat

    Muskat (capital of

    Oman).
    ~ maskati
    I. of Muskat,
    characteristic of Muskat. 2. (p. -yya)

    person from Muscat.

    mskn

    :..

    I.)JJ I.)JJ

    f' ms"'"'s

    ,_;,...,. mass (~. ymiss) to wipe, wipe


    off, dust. ~1~1 ...fJ.. J~l ry. jS'
    j_,.....JIJ
    kfll yoom 1-biskaar ymiSS
    1-karaasi w-li-myuuz. The servant
    wipes the chairs and the tables every
    day. (prov.) L..; ~~ o~ J-$.-J j{~
    yaakil w-ymiss yadda b-t-toofa. Don't
    do favors for those who do not
    appreciate or deserve them. (lit., "He
    eats and wipes his hands on the
    wall.").
    t.,..,L......A massaasa

    p. -aat rag or towel


    used for dusting and cleaning.

    563

    ~~~

    m!

    .k...!..o massat

    II to comb.

    F \. . ~

    ~) o~ ~

    gabil-ma yitzac
    ymassit scara w-yitxannan. Before he
    goes out, he combs his hair and puts
    on perfume.

    Move along! You cannot wait here. 5.


    to associate, keep company. L._.. wi
    !..!.i.J!.,. ._,..w yiJ ~i 'aana ma 'amsi
    wiyya naas mi()/ak! I don't associate
    with people like you. 6. to go with,
    match . .J~Il.!IJ~l..~l\..11

    ..b......;l tmassat

    V to comb one's hair.

    ~ ~ ~ .k..;;..l

    hal-gamii$
    ma
    yamsi
    wiyya
    1-bantaluun. This shirt doesn't go with

    tmassat gabi/-la tit/ac.

    the pants.

    Comb your hair before you go out.


    .J-:!j ~ L....,.

    t--" _,ll ~I

    s-sacar

    1-wasx ma yitmassat zeen. Dirty hair


    cannot be combed well.

    .k....!..o mist p . .kL.;;.... msaat 1. comb. 2.


    clip (of bullets).
    JM~~,. msms
    ~

    mismis (coil.) apricots. s. -a.


    ~ ~ L.. ~1/-mismis ma yif/ac
    hini. Apricots don't grow here. ~_r-;:.1
    ~ stireet mismiS. I bought (some)
    apricots.
    ~

    mismisa p. -aat 1. apricot tree.

    2. apricot.

    cjdM,.

    misa (~yamsi) 1. to walk, go

    on foot.

    7. to run, work. \.... l)J~

    \~

    sayyaarti ma timsi;
    xarbaana. My car doesn't run; it's
    broken down. ~~ ~ ~ misat
    cafee 1-biila. The trick worked on him .
    ~ massa II 1. to walk s.o., let s.o.
    walk. ~ J o-4 .:.r .._. misakta min
    yadda w-masseeta. I held his hand and
    walked him. 2. to make or let go,
    send. o~ J u ~ o~ ca(eenaa
    bguuga w-masseenaa. We gave him
    what was due him and let him go.
    ~~ l) 0W .:;>- ~~>- ~ masseet
    caayilti bagg labnaan fi $-$eef I sent
    my family to Lebanon in the summer.
    3. to advance, promote, further. ~

    ~ !JA.-=JI

    msy

    :i___j"-1?

    ~ .b:.l -~

    J...\Z \.... b)

    'iOa

    ma tigd~r tamsi, ;lxio taksi. If you


    cannot walk, take a taxi. 2. to leave,
    depart. ~ L.. ....r'! -~ _)"-! \..ii 'aana
    baagi hni, bass saalim misa. I am

    staying here, but Salim has left. ._r>WI


    ~L.. ~ ~ ~

    1-paa$ misa gabil

    nuss saaca. The bus left half an hour


    ag~. 3. to go. 1iliL:.;I 1../-~ ~i .?"-1
    baacir 'amsi dbayy nsaa!{a. Tomorrow
    I'll go to Dubai, God willing. 4. to
    move along, proceed. J..u; L._.. ! ~I
    ~ .....U j 'imsi! ma tigdar toogafhini.

    J.kU

    Ia tcattil s-sugul;

    massii. Don't delay the work; get it


    ..G-1) J)i r \~ massii; huwa
    'awwal waabid. Hurry up with him;
    he's the first one. u~l .1"--" I_,J j
    ~ _,. _: . ._ J.>-- ~ nazzlaw sicir li-b{Jaaca
    lajil ymassuunha. They lowered the

    going .

    price of the merchandise in order to


    increase sales. ~- ~

    ....,........-!

    ~~ ~ huwa bass yabgi

    ymassi ma$labta s-sax$iyya. He just


    wants to further his own personal
    4. to pass, allow s.o. to
    interests.
    advance . ...,..-..! ,.Jl..;....:,.~f\ l) .:.r-j c.Sr L.

    ma sawwa zeen fi limtibaan, bass 1-mudarris massaa. He


    oL.;... <.J"J..L.l\

    564
    didn't do well on the examination, but
    the teacher passed him.
    ~Le maasa III 1. to walk with s.o.,
    engage s.o. in walking. ~L..
    maaseeta. I walked with him. 2. to get
    along with, go along with. ~11 rj~
    e;!}--J ~ 1~1 ~...Ldl laazim tmaasi
    t-tindeel 'ioaa bageet titraffac. You'll
    have to get along with the foreman if
    you want to be promoted . ..U ~ yL..
    ~ maasii cala gad cagla. Deal with
    him at his own level.

    tmassa V to stroll, take a walk,


    'ams cugub 1-ca~ir
    walk leisurely.
    tmasseena cala 1-siif Yesterday, late
    in the afternoon, we strolled on the
    beach.
    ~

    masi (v.n. from ~ misa) 1.


    walking. 2. (adv.) on foot.~~..:.>. J
    ril:ma masi. We went there on foot.
    ~ [_J) J...I.Z tigdar truul:z masi. You
    can go on foot.

    tasteless; it cannot be eaten.


    ..)~,.

    m~r

    _;-A-0 ma~ir Egypt. ~ t.....,..\s. o~WI

    1-qaahira caa~imat ma~ir. Cairo is the


    capital of Egypt.
    ~ ~ ma~ri

    1. Egyptian. 2. (p. -yiin,


    an Egyptian. l)
    ~I <J r:..r-~ ..:.t:-!~ fii ma~riyyiin
    ka8iiriin fi 1-xaliij. There are many
    Egyptians in the Gulf. 3. donkey, ass
    (old word infrequently used).

    o)JL.,a...

    ma~aarwa)

    U..J~,. m~rn

    IJI_;-A-O mu$raan p.
    intestine, gut.
    ~~,.

    rJ..JL,a.. ma~aariin

    m~~

    ~ ma$~ (~ymu$~)

    1. to suck, suck

    up, suck in, absorb. ~ ~ ~\.J,.I


    1-yaahi/ ymU$$ $Ubca. The child is
    sucking his finger. 2. to sip. J..!Z Lo
    ..__..,W~ ;; _H--Ajl ~ ma tigdar trnU$$
    1-gahwa b-l-ma~$aa~a. You cannot sip
    coffee with a straw.

    ~Le

    ._.,.a..il nma$~ VII to be sucked. ~


    ~ L..... \~ rJ...f:---"~1 l:zabbat

    masya (n. ofinst.) p. -aat manner


    of walking, gait.
    maasi (act. part. from~ misa)
    1. having walked. }--" }$ ~ L.. L.J
    'aana maasi keelumitir. I've walked
    one kilometer. 2. on foot, walking.
    ~L.. ~~ ...:......>- J ril:zt /-beet maasi. I
    went home on foot. 3. (p. ol::.,. musaa
    only) infantry.

    yl.e maasiya p. ~1_,... mawaasi cattle,


    livestock.

    .
    c~~

    m~x

    t:-Pl...a

    maa#x tasteless, flat, needing


    ~ Lo lt:-"L.. ~~ ~ hal-cees
    salt.
    maa$ix; ma yinwikil. This rice is

    JS'

    1-'asbiriin tinbilic; ma tinrna$$. An


    aspirin tablet is to be swallowed; it
    shouldn't be sucked.
    ~I rnta~~

    VIII to absorb, suck up.


    oJrl---1 ~ l~l ;; JWI s-sayyaara
    1-bee{Ja tirnla$$ 1-/;araara. White cars
    absorb heat.
    ~ rna$$) 1.
    sucking, sucking up. 2. sipping.

    ...f2-0 rna$$ (v.n. from

    4...,a... rna$$a (n. of inst.) p. -aat a sip.


    ~L.,a.o rna$$GG$a p. -aat 1. (drinking)
    straw. 2. lollipop, sucker. 3. pacifier.

    565

    IJ"'l.o maa$ p. -aat magnet.


    .J

    . ~ f'"

    IJ...U14, ma{jmi{j l:zaljak b-had-duwa.


    Rinse out your mouth with this medicine.

    m${r. See under .J ~ ${r.

    J~f'" m$1

    j-Ao ma$il p. J~i 'am$aal

    I. serum.

    2. plasma.
    ~!'"~!'"

    m$m$

    ~ ma$ma$ (~yma$mi$) I.
    to suck on. ~I .J ~ .J ~ U"li .y
    fii
    naas yl:zibbuun yma$im$uun
    [-ca{jim. There are people who like to
    suck on bones. 2. to neck, kiss and
    caress. ;;.J~I:,? .JJ a. aC:...:r-...~.&-U
    gaacdiin yma$im$UUn fi s-sayyaara.
    They ~e necking in the car.

    .J

    . f'"

    m(r
    mu{ar (~ yim(ir) ~...UI ...:_, _):...
    mutrat d-dinya. It rained. _;-kl \... ..5'
    ...1...>.-IJ hini ma tim{ir waayid. Here~ it
    doesn't rain a lot.

    _A.

    .):.- mu{ar rain.

    oJL...6,. mattaara p. _r--bi.,b... ma{aa{iir,


    -aat canteen, flask. ~.J ;;.JL_k...
    mattaarat rabat hot water bottle.

    ti j..J . f'"

    m{rzy

    ~ jJI..k.o ma{aarzi p. -yya bodyguard.


    .fr--"'':11 ~ <$j.JL..k..o ~ yistagil

    ma(aarzi cind 1-'amiir. He works as a


    bodyguard for the Emir.

    'i . f"

    mty

    ~ matiyya p. l:!i.,b... ma{aaya riding

    animal, such as a donkey or a mule.

    l: f" ~ f"

    m(Jm(J

    ~ ma(Jma(J (~yma(Jmi(J)

    ,}'
    oat: tma{jma{j (ua .;a.-J
    yitma{jma{j) to rinse out one's mouth.
    <,.>U4 ui'- :.. -; j':J l...P .:r.,...J teen
    titwa{j{ja laazim titma{jma{j b-1-maay.
    When you perform ablution (before
    prayer), you have to rinse out your
    mouth with water.

    to

    rinse out (the mouth). ~ ~

    ma{jma{ja (v.n. from~


    ma{jma{j) rinsing out the mouth

    :i i:zo i:z

    Cj ~ f'" m{jy
    ~

    ma{ja (~.yim{ji) I. to pass, go


    by, elapse. ~ .J L...) U:)> o..l.o ~
    ~_,..;.i ma{jat mudda {awiila w-ma ril:zt
    'acuuffum. A long period of time
    passed and I didn't go to see them. 2.
    to sign one's name, affix one's
    signature. ~I ? 1 :,? ~ ~I 'im{ji
    hni fi 'aaxir t-talab. Sign your name
    here at the end of the application.
    ~

    ma{j{ja

    II

    I. to spend, pass
    ~)> ..:.-.;) ~

    (time). ~p-JI ;p
    ma{j{jeena wagt {awiilfi li-breemi. We
    spent a long time in Buraimi. ....,-...!
    ..:.-.i) .J ~) .J ~ bass y[acbuun
    w-yma(J{juun wagt. They are just
    playing and killing time. 2. to make,
    cause s.o. to sign . ..:r-...L.e>U rl...\i ~
    U"_,.J; ~ L... ~ ma(J(Jeetajiddaam

    saahdeen gabil-ma cateeta jluus. I


    made him sign in the presence of two
    witnesses before I gave him any
    money.
    \.,a.~)

    'im(Ja signature, signing.

    ~L..o

    maa(Ji (act. part. from ~

    566
    1. having signed. ...:...i i ....;.r!- i
    ~ ~\.... 'acuuf 'inta maar'i hni. I see
    that you have signed your name here.
    2. past, bygone, last. ~LI.I ..:...i_,ll tjfi
    1-wagt 1-maar'i during the past time.
    ~UI t..r.--11 s-subuuc l-maa9i last
    week. ~LI.I WI s-sana 1-maar'ya last
    year. 3. (as n.) past life, history. ':J
    ._...,;:,\.... ....; J~ J~; I L . .U.:~~ Ia
    f$aadga.
    haaoa rayyaal macruuf
    mar'ii. Don't befriend him. This is a
    man whose past is known. ~Lll
    1-maar'i the past. ~ ~Lll ,:.r- ~
    s-ca[eena min 1-maar'i? Why should
    we care about the past?

    under~

    mar'a)

    t~

    me
    ~

    mac (prep.)
    1. with, in the
    company of.
    !t..')L_..jl e::;--- mac
    s-salaama! Good-bye! ._L.... \II C:: mac
    1-'asaf unfortunately. 2. in spite of,
    despite. I L C:: mac haaoa in spite of
    this, nevertheless. 3. (with suff. pron.)
    to have. ~IJ J"_,...1; .._..... macafluus
    waayid He has a lot ofmoney. 4---~..U J macha waladeen. She has two
    kids. J->- .!L...- macak l;agg. You are
    right.

    J t,j fl' I t fl'

    mcaamyl

    J=.ew

    macaamiil (no singular) coffee


    pots, cups, etc.
    \

    Jtfl' mcd

    o.W micda p. -aat stomach.


    y

    Jtfl' mcd
    4.j~

    .it fl'

    mceedi p. -Y.Ya uncouth person.

    men
    I)y.L.t

    maacuun.
    maacwn.

    u,J .J ..J .:J fl'

    See under

    uJ t,l ~

    mkr.fwn

    I)_,...JJ~

    mikrofoon p. -aat
    microphone. 2. loud speaker

    l.

    .:J .:J fl' mkk

    K. makka

    u.:l ~

    Mecca.

    mkn
    ~t 'amf;an (~_yamkin) IV to be
    possible. ~ J ")\.Ai ,~ ~i 1~1 'ioa
    'amkank tyi, 'ahlan wa sah/an. If it's
    possible for you to come, you're
    welcome. r~I ~..lll _;-ki ~.yamkin
    timtir d-dinya 1-yoom. It might rain
    today. Maybe it'll rain today.

    ~ tmakkan V to be able, be in a
    position. ~~~J C)) ..::..-.1 L.. rna
    tmakkant 'aruul; wiY.Yaahum. I wasn't
    able to go with them.

    1)~1 'imkaan (v.n. from IV ~i


    'amkan) (usually with suff. pron.)
    power, capacity, capability. y .J-""
    o-'~j ;.!.l.J ~i ~t>:..1 muub 'imkaani
    'al;a$$il-lak ziyaada. It's not in my
    power to get you an increment.
    ~o~L..J ~t>:..~ b-'imkaanak tsaacda?
    Can you help him? 0t>:..'i1 ~ l;asb
    1- 'imkaan as much as possible. C:"":!IJ
    0l.5:...'il ~ o~L..,i raayil; 'asaacda
    l;asb 1-'imkaan. I am going to help him
    as much as I can.

    1-,i~' 'imkaaniY.Ya (v.n.) possibility .

    mcz

    o~

    ut~

    ue.. cnz.

    micza

    = :;-s-

    canz. See p- canz

    ~t>:..l Y L.. mafii 'imkaaniY.Ya. It's not


    possible.

    567

    mumkin I. possible. lh -~ ~~
    ~ 'ii nacam. haaoa mumkin. Yes,
    indeed. That's possible.~ .r.):- geer
    mumkin, ~ y .)--'" muub mumkin

    ,:;5-l

    impossible. 2. (with foil. v.) maybe,


    perhaps, it's possible that . .U_pi~
    ~ _,...11 mumkin 'acuufa 1-yoom. Maybe
    I'll see him today. ~JI_;.... ..!..LILi ~
    mumkin 'as'alk su'aal? May I ask you
    a question?

    ~ mitmakkin (act. part. from V


    tmakkan) (with .y min) proficient
    in, having s.th. under control. _riA
    ~~'il.:.r-- ~ huwa mitmakkin
    min 1-'ingi/iizi. He's proficient in
    English.

    J.i.

    [ ll,j 1!1 f" mkyaaj


    [.. ~ mikyaaj make-up.

    tiJ f"

    mlc

    cl.Lo milac (..:.Jl(yamlic) (less common


    var. milak) 1. to own, possess, have.
    J..---)1 ~ ~~ "---:!WI ~- yamlic
    /i-bnaaya IIi ca[a s-siif He owns the
    building on the beach . .:,?"' ..1.:>-IJ ~ L..
    ~~) ..!.lie_ Lo

    mafii waa/:lid hini ma


    yam/it wala sayy. There isn't anyone
    here who doesn't have anything. 2. to
    contract a marriage, marry (a woman).

    0~) 0~ l_,_.wll~l
    ~_?I ~~ 'ioa ttafgaw yimilcuun
    w-ysajjlnuun z-zawaaj fi 1-ma/:lkama
    s-sarciyya. If they come to an
    agreement, they contract the marriage
    and record it in the Islamic court. 3.
    (with ~ cafa) to marry. ..!..l.l... (,>..ll)
    ~ ~ ~ wildi milac cata hint
    camma. My son married his cousin.

    J CIJ..r---JI

    See also under .:.1 J f' mlk.

    cJ,.

    ml/:1
    ~ malla/:1 II to salt.

    J-:.JI ~ L.. 1~1

    ~L.....o (,.> ~ 'ioa ma tmalli/:1 f-cees


    yistiwi maa$ix. If you don't salt the

    rice, it will be tasteless.


    ~ mil/:1 (coli.) salt. s.
    mil/:I pinch of salt.

    c::L. ~ /:labbat

    ~'.>\.o

    milaa/:la navigation, shipping.


    6.>- ':>L.. 45' _.;;, sarikat milaa/:la navigation

    company, shipping company.


    ~ malii/:1 nice, pleasant, agreeable.

    ~i 'amla/:1 f. \.:...L mal/:la p. c::L. mil/:1


    grey, salt-colored.
    0l....:a>- /:l$aan
    'amla/:1 grey horse. L..:....L. Ul.i naaga
    mal/:la grey she-camel.

    e:--Li

    ~i 'amla/:1 (elat.)
    more salty than.
    most salty.

    I. (with .y min)
    2. (with foll. n.) the

    t L.o maali/:1 salt, salty, saline. tL.. ~


    simac maali/:1 salty fish.
    maali/:1 salty water.
    maali/:1 saline solution.

    t L.. (,>L.. maay

    tL.. J# ma/:lluul

    '-""' J f"

    mls

    ._,.....l.oi 'am/as f. L-1... ma/sa p. ~


    malsiin smooth, sleek.

    '-""' I J f" mlaas


    r...r":).._,. millaas p . ._,..)':>L.. milaaliis ladle,

    large spoon.

    (prov.) ~ J..cl,.~

    Jll

    ,_,.:)UI 'illi b-1-jidir ytallca 1-millaas.


    Time will tell one's good or bad
    qualities. (lit., "What's in the pot will
    be shown in the ladle.").

    .b J f" mit

    ..l:....loi 'am/at f. t.6..L. malta p. .h.l. milt 1.


    hairless,

    one with no hair on one's

    568

    face or body. L.,6.lll a.... )-1 l) 21 !lJ~


    baarak a!!a fi l-l;zurma 1-ma/ta. God
    2. hairless
    bless hairless women.
    person.
    3. featherless . .kJ...i ~L!.
    saahiin 'amlat featherless peregrine.

    &.Lo malta diarrhea.


    ~J~ mlk

    cl.,.L. milak (~.yamlik) (more com-


    mon var. milaC). See under 5J I" mlc.

    cl...La mallak II to make s.o. the owner


    of. J,:....-ll ~ ~I o1 L-..JI ~
    mallakha li-cmaara lli caza s-siif. He
    made her the owner of the building on
    the beach . ..::... .)--:'! JL...JI ~ ._. . _,5:..,1...1
    ~ li-l;zukuuma mallakat[-cummaal
    byuut sacbiyya. The government
    deeded the workers houses for low
    income people.
    ~

    tmallak V to seize, lay hands on,


    take possession of. ..:..-..J; 4.5"?I
    ~jl.i JS ..:....s:J1 a.... _,0-IJ s-sarika
    fallasat w-1-l;zukuuma tmallakat kill
    'amlaakha.
    The company went
    bankrupt and the government seized
    all its possessions.

    cl.llJ tmaalak VI
    strain oneself.
    ~ ~

    Jll

    .:r-

    1. to control, re~ .:.U~ J..U L.

    ~I ma gidar yitmaalak

    nafta min 1-ga(Jab illi huwa fii. He


    couldn't control himselfbecause of his
    anger. 2. to control, restrain (a feeling,
    an emotion). <l...!~i ..!.ll~ J..U L. ma
    gidar yitmaalak 'ac$aaba. He couldn't

    w-'araa(Ji. The university bought


    houses and land. 2. to take possession
    of, appropriate. I~! a.A.....!.JI .;..l.L..;...-. J.J.Aj
    J-$ ~.J.j tigdar tistamlik s-sigga 'ida
    tidfac keeS. You can take possession of
    the apartment if you pay cash.
    cl.,.L. milk p. !l~i 'amlaak property,
    possessions. ~ ~~ /-beet mi/ki.
    The house is mine. I own the house.
    . .. ~I)J ..::.....r-! ,J.>..IJ !ljL.i o~ cinda
    'amlaak waayid, byuut w- 'araa(Ji... He
    has a lot of possessions, houses, land ...

    cl..lo malik p. !l _,.L. muluuk king, monarch. J- ~ _,ll ~ ..t.....~l 1-'asad malik
    li-wl:zuus. The lion is the king of
    beasts.

    malika p. -aat queen. J~ ~


    malikat jamaa1 beauty queen.

    i.s::.Lo

    !l".>\.o malaak p.

    ~~')\.... ma1aayka angel.

    ~ malaki royal, kingly . .}Jll J")-1


    1-l:zaras 1-malaki the royal guard.

    ~ milkiyya

    I. ownership. ~

    ,_)PJ ~~ milkiyyat 1-'ar(J land ownership.

    2. title (e.g., of a car), deed (of property). t.$l\.IJ ~ ~I ~ cafni


    1-leesan l;zaggak w-1-milkiyya. Give me
    your driver's license and the title of
    the car.

    !l"'}....o mal/aak p. -iin landowner, land


    proprietor.

    ~ mamlaka p . .!llll mamaa1ik kingdom.

    control his temper.

    cl.IL..o

    lo!JIQ." "' stamlak X 1. to buy, acquire


    by purchase. .:;..J~ ~I ~L:I:-1
    ~I)J 1-yaamca stamlakat byuut

    ../JL.....o

    maalik p. !l')l... millaak,


    owner, proprietor.

    -iin

    maalki l. belonging to the


    Malikite school of Islamic theology.

    569
    ~UI '-:-"'.ill 1-maohab 1-maalki the

    Malikite school of thought.

    2. a

    Maliki.

    !l _,....u mamluuk p. d,)U mamaaliik


    white slave, mameluke.

    JJ ~

    mll
    ")......,. mulla p. o_,J)I.... malaalwa mulla (a
    person versed in religious matters).
    ~

    JS"' ~ t_,k... ':JI) )\.... ~ ...._,.s:J-1

    li-/:lkuuma
    tcayyin mulla walla
    m{awaac ji kill msiid. The government
    appoints a mulla or a m{awwac m
    every mosque.

    <.J

    w~

    mn

    0--" min (prep., with foiL vowel minn-)


    I. from, away from, out of. ._,.IJ .y l..il
    ~I 'aana min raas l-xeema. I'm
    from Ras Al-K.haima. o_r::- Wf ~
    C..JU-1 .:r-" tyiina 'aya ka8iira min
    1-xaarij. We get many things from
    abroad. _r..oi;ll .y e:ll' tifac min 1-/:tafiiz.
    He came out from the office. (prov.)
    ~I ~ J..-:>-1.:> 0-") ~I ~I .r. ,J--' min
    barra 'a!!a 'a!!a w-min daaxil yiclam
    'a!/a. Fair without and foul within . .:\\.:...
    minnaak = .:IL..o. .y min hnaak from
    there. -s---' minnii = ~ 0--" min hni
    from h~re. y _,1;.... ~I
    e:ll' tilac min
    1-ficba magluub. He came out of the
    game defeated. c....J\ .y ~ J~ ~I IJJ.:,:.
    ~ ..)~ xaoaw 'imyat dirhim min 'alf
    dirhim. They took one hundred
    dirhams out of one thousand dirhams.
    2. since, for, from. L..;\) i _,...,]1 .:11~ 0--"
    ~/' min oaak 1-yoom w-aana marii{J.
    I've been ill since that day. ,_}~ 0--"
    I~ JL,.JI o_,.-=:l-1 min das 1-/:tijra,
    fi-cyaa( siktaw. Since he entered the
    room, the kids have been quiet. .;r Li\
    l.ll... j 0-" 'aana hni min zamaan. I've
    been here a long time. ~) l.ll..o j .y
    ..:J..:.:?L__; miz zamaan w-nibin
    naa{riinak. We've been waiting for
    you for a long time. (YIJ) i _r-11 .y min
    l-yoom w-raayi!1 from now on. ~
    ~'-?JS y )--'" '~ r:..r--- ciftak min gabil,
    muub Cioi? I've seen you before,
    haven't I? j..J> J .y \.;,. yaa min wahal.
    He came early. 3. from, against.~
    Ul l) ~ )IJ 1 l) )-1 .y ;; p nilbas
    gitra min !-barr fi !-gee() w-l-bardfi
    s-sita. We wear a headcloth to protect
    us from the heat in the summer and the

    :.r,

    t,S J ~ mly. See I.Y"Ju Irs.

    i.

    mn

    .:.r" man 1. (inter. pron.) who? which


    one? ~yl.)l ..L.:.Y 0--" man cind 1-baab?
    Who is at the door? ~..:....i\ .y man inta?
    Who are you? ~~ mant? Who are
    you? ~ manti? Who are you (f.s.)?
    2. (rei. pron.) he who. (prov.) .y
    J..-)-1 0--" _;.-4.:: yUJI ~ man cap(Ja
    d-daab yangiz min l-!wbil. Once
    bittten, twice shy. (lit., "He who has
    been bitten by a snake fears a rope.").
    (prov.) 4-il..a.i-f ~ e~ 1 ~ 0--"
    man f:tabb li-Syara f:tabb 'ag~;aanha. He
    who loves me loves my dog. 3. (inter.
    suff. pron.) whose, who, whom. o)"!""'
    ~LS..L_,. .:.r--' sayyaarat-man haa6i?
    Whose car is this? ~ G-.:!J.:,:. r:..r--- v P
    jluus-man xaoeet? Whose money did
    you take? ~ .b...J-1 ~ )>
    'il-man
    rarrast l-xatt? Who did you send the
    letter to? ~c:....JI I~ J-1 'if-man haa6a
    !-beet? Whose house is this? .y J>~~I I.L.., bagg man haa6a l-ga~ir?
    Whose palace is this?

    .:ril

    570

    cold in the winter. ;~I .:r '+"'" J ~


    ga{fa weeha min li-gbaar. He covered
    his face to protect it from the dust. 4.
    through, by. ~;..UI .:.r-- ..;~ dass min
    d-diriisa. He entered through the
    window. 5. than (with the elative) l.lA
    .!ll~ .:.r-- .:r-->""r haaoa 'a}J,san min oaak.
    This one is better than that one. ~ j':l
    ..!.L,.. p5""i r ~-..% ~ /aazim tismac
    kalaama; huwa 'akbar minnak. You
    have to heed his words; he's older than
    you. 6. by. ~~ .:r ~I .!L-o misak
    1-}J,anas min oee/a. He held the snake
    by the tail. 7. because of, due to, for.
    ..!.,L. l.lA j5" kill haaoa minnak. This is
    all because of you. _rll .:r ~i ;..Ui L.
    ma 'agdar 'amsi min 1-}J,arr. I can't
    walk because of the heat. t.yl:-1 .:r ..:...ol..
    maat min 1-yuuc. He starved to death.
    ~ L...,. ...L.i .:r-' ~ ficabt min
    gadd-ma miseet. I got tired from
    walking so much. 8. when, whenever.
    ..J ~ j.-<JI ~ .:r min yl:zaCi, /-kill
    yismac-[a. When he talks, everyone
    listens to him. 9. made of, of (material), consisting of. r-.r- .:r ~
    gamii$ min }J,ariir shirt of silk, silk
    shirt. ~~ .:.r-- {1.>- xaatim min oahab
    gold ring.

    CUf

    mnl:t
    ~

    minl:za p. ~ minaf:z grant,

    donation.
    \.

    CUf

    mnx

    t Lo.o manaax climate


    'I'

    CUf

    mnx
    L.:.o manaax (no known p.) pasture
    land, grazing land. (prov.) L. o.,A!
    bgarat manaax lazy person who lives

    as a parasite of others.

    ,.J tj J uf mndyl
    ~..L;.t mandiil

    p. J-~L;... manaadiil
    handkerchief. j.-...-J.: Lo JL>.-)I ~LP>
    ~..l:..o half:ziin r-rayyaal ma y}J,amil
    mandiil. Nowadays, men don't use

    handkerchiefs.
    j<)~

    mnz
    p manaz p. -aat crib, cradle.

    t.u~

    mnc
    ~ minac (8yimnac) I. to prohibit,

    forbid. _r-A.:ll L) ~..dl I~ mincaw


    t-tadxiin ji 1-}J,afiiz. They prohibited
    smoking in the office. _,A-ll .:r o~
    L..).,.:.I..UI ;; )jJ .:.r-- J~H ':ll mincoo min
    s-safar 'ilia b-'ioin min wazaarat
    d-daaxiliyya. They prohibited him
    from traveling except with permission
    from the ministry of the interior. 2. to
    prevent, hinder. ,y oyw. ~;; _? ..i; & L.
    J_,..>-..UI ma gitac taokara; mincoo min
    d-duxuul. He had not bought a ticket;
    they prevented him from entering.
    ~')l.:l-1 ~J...L..o $id} 1-mi/}J, yimnac
    1-l:zala? Is it true that salt prevents
    rust?

    eli'

    ~LA

    maanac III to object, oppose,


    offer resistance. ~W. Lo ~..J-:!j JL:.,.;
    rayyaal zeen; ma ymaanic. He's a
    good man; he won't object.
    ~L.
    ~ maanac b-zawaag binta. He was
    opposed to his daughter's getting
    married.

    c'J..r.

    ~~

    mtinac VIII (with ~ can) to


    stop, abstain from, refrain from. ~ 1
    0:->-...l:ll ~ mtinac can 1-tadxiin. He

    stopped smoking.

    571

    i..,s.\.:.4

    manaaca immunity .
    oidd

    ._? _,---11 manaaca


    immunity to disease.

    1-marao

    maanic (act. part. from C:::" minac)


    mawaanic 1. objection. L.
    ~L. t.f..!....:.>- ma cindi maanic. I have no
    objection. ~tiL. t.?i !.1~ cindak 'ayya
    maanic? Do you have any objection?

    (P mamnuuc (p.p. from C:::" minac)


    forbidden, prohibited, banned. L.P.'-..L:ll
    t-tadxiin mamnuuc. Smoking is
    forbidden. No smoking. t_,:.l J.)""'..l.ll
    d-duxuul mamnuuc, J _r"'-..l.ll t_,..._:..(
    mamnuuc d-duxuul. No admittance!

    t,_.:.t

    uu~

    ~ly

    2. preventive, preventative. ~I ~L.


    maanic 1-/:zala rust preventative. ~L.
    ~_,1 )I maanic r-rutuuba moisture
    protection. 3. contraceptive.

    6_,j

    (~

    yminn) 1. to bless s.o.


    ~ ~ .:..r- .11 'alfa mann caleena
    b-nicimta. God blessed us with His
    grace. 2. to desire the return of s.th.
    4-_,; ~ .:..r"" ~)c.!"_,1 Li~ cataana
    fluus w-cugba mann cafeenajiiha. He
    gave us money and then he wanted it
    back from us.
    ~L.o

    uu~

    mnn

    .:r" mann p. L!L:.... mnaan measure of


    weight, approximately 24 kilograms.
    J--,JI t.? ~ LS L!L. j .:;--- min

    J~

    zamaan Cinna nistiri z_cee b-1-mann.


    A long time ago we used to buy rice

    by the mann.
    'I'

    uu ~

    mnn

    .:r" mann (with suff. pron. beginning


    with a vowel) not. L"I.J .:r' manni
    raayi/:z. I'm not going. j .J\$. ,;r manni
    caarifk. I don't know you. ;;,_.,~,;.,. ~
    ~Lil;IJ mannicyaaya wiyyaana? Aren't
    you (f.s.) coming with us?

    .Ju ~ mnw

    mnn

    .:r" mann

    pleasure.

    ~L..o

    p.

    2. pleasure, gladness. ~
    b-kill mamnuuniyya with great

    obligation.

    ...L.,;o ul.:..,.

    = ~
    if man
    huw? Who? Who is it? ~F y minu
    yitkallam? Who is speaking? J- )o y
    ~ .U1 ~ minu {arras-lie l-xatr? Who

    .P minu (interr. pron.)

    sent you (f.s.) the letter? ~..,.,WI~ y


    minu cind l-baab? Who's at the door?

    ..).JU ~ mnwr
    J.P manwar p . .J)L:..,. manaawir man-

    mannaan p. -iin one who gives

    s.th. and then wants it back or expects


    an equivalent in return, Indian giver.

    of-war, battleship.

    t.j u~ mny

    ..rJ.

    mamnuun-lak. If you do this, I' II be

    !manna V to wish. J5' ..:ll ~i


    'atmannaa-lak kill xeer. I wish you
    the best. Li\.:1) 0 ~ ~ tmanneetta
    tkuun wiyyaana. I wished she had been
    with us. ;;~\.,.___]\ .:..U ~ nitmannaalak
    s-sacaada. We wish you

    grateful to you.

    happiness.

    ~ y.l mamnuun I. (as a reply to .J~


    maskuur)

    You're

    welcome!

    2.

    grateful, thankful. 0 _,....)i 'I~ t.? yJ l~l


    ill 0 _,...:..t 'ioa tsawwi haaoa, 'akuun

    y.l mamnuuniyya

    1. gratefulness,

    _;:?-

    mina

    Mina (holy place near

    572

    Mecca). ~ 0 .J---> Jf.. rj'l [. L>..J-1


    1-'Qijjaaj /aazim yruu'Quun mina.
    Pilgrims must go to Mina.

    owe.

    J.+af 'amhal IV (more common var.


    J+.o mihal). See J+.o mihal.
    J+' tmahhal V to proceed slowly and

    y
    minya wish desire. ~ 4?
    o_;~;) minyatta t~iir daxtoora. Her

    carefully. .,r.--ll cj J..-+E tmahhal


    s-seer. Drive slowly and carefully.

    wish is to become a doctor.

    maniyya 1. destiny, fate. ~


    J-=i ..;... _,.J.. maniyyata ymuut gatil. He's
    destined to be killed. 2. death. -l:! ~I
    .11 1-maniyya b-yadd a!!a. Death is in
    God's hands.

    J...- mahal (v.n. from J+.o mihal or IV


    J-+-i 'amhal) slowness, ease. ~ Jsca[a mahlak Take your time. Take it
    easy. ~ ~ ~~ 'imsi cafa
    mahlak. Walk slowly. Drive slowly .

    .J f' mhr

    4.lf.e muhla p.

    -aat delay, grace period.


    4J ~i J.>--') t.r.- ~ ~ ca{ni
    muhlat subuuc lajil 'afakkir fiiha. Give
    me a week's time in order for me to
    think it over.

    ..r+- mahar

    p . .J.J-+" muhuur dower,


    bridal money. .JJ~ L.. ~~~ yu.ll
    JU. ~I 0'1 [.IJ)I s-saabb oal'Qiin ma
    ydawwir z-zawaaj linn 1-mahar gaali.
    Young men nowadays don't want to
    get married because the dower IS
    expensive.

    I,..

    f' mhmaa
    ~

    mahma (conj.) 1. whatever,


    whatsoever. J~ ~ '~ Yy
    muub ~abiib, mahma yguul. It's not
    true, whatever he says. 2. however
    much, no matter how much. '~ \...
    ...:.J J~ ~ ma yigtanic, mahma
    baawalt. He cannot be convinced,
    however hard you try. d.~_r..-::.i ~~.J
    ~ ~ raayif:z 'astiriiha, mahma
    kallafat. I'm going to buy it, no matter
    what it costs. 0L.. )I JL..b ~ ,.!)pi
    'anturc, mahma taa/ z-zamaan. I'll
    wait for you, however long it takes.

    o.N muhra p. -aat filly.


    oJlt- mahaara (v.n.) skill, skillfulness.
    .J'IU maahir skillful, expert. cj .;"L..
    4..iLJI maahir fi li-bsaana. He's
    skillful at giving haircuts. o_;_p' ....,..s-'1
    .r'L.. laacib kuura maahir skillful
    soccer player.

    uI ~.J f'

    mhrjaan

    IJ~.N mahrajaan p. -aat festival,


    celebration.

    Jf'

    mhl

    J.+a

    fi

    mihal (j-+( yimhil) to grant a


    delay, give s.o. time. ~ o.M ~I
    ~ Jll ._,.,)AJI J....i t;iJ 'imhilni m~dda
    basiita w-aana 'asidd li-fluus illi
    cafayya. Grant me a short period of
    time and I'll pay back the money I

    u,.

    mhn

    Lf.o

    mihna p. 0+'" mihan profession,


    occupation, vocation. ~ ~~~
    ~.r-!" t-tamrii{J mihna sariifa. Nursing
    is a respectable profession.
    ~

    mihani

    vocational, industrial.
    ~I ~_;..l:ll _?'.r markaz t-tadriib

    573

    1-mihani the vocational training center.


    ~.JI'" mwb

    y _,...... muub (less common var. .Y' muu,

    ...,_.... mub) (neg. part.) not. y .J--' lyl-1


    1-hawa muub zeen 1-yoom.
    The weather isn't good today. y y
    .J.....>..IJ muub waayid not very much, not
    a whole lot. ~ y y muub hini not
    here. J.J.......o y y muub :jidj not true.
    ~ y .Y' !..::...5:.....1 'iskit! muub suglak.
    Shut up! It's none of your business.
    _?~ y y 'r~~ 1-yoom, muub baaCir
    today, not tomorrow. y y <../"~I U.
    oL......:..o .:.r-->""i .:.::-;t':J hal-micris muub
    laagyiin 'a/:lsan minna. We cannot find
    a better bridegroom. y y J ... y y
    muub... w-muub neither... nor y y
    !ll......:..ol> y .)--"' J ~ muub hini w-muub
    hnaak neither here nor there. ~ .J~ y .Y'
    .JL>- y .Y' J muub baarid w-muub l)aarr
    neither cold nor hot. (prov.) j5"' y .Y'
    4..........>J o~y j5"' Y.Y'J ~ ~ muub
    kill beei]a bama w-muub kill sooda
    fo.ama. You cannot judge a book by its
    cover. (lit., "Not every white thing is
    a piece of suet, nor is every black
    thing a piece of charcoal.").

    r_,...)I .J-:!j

    oG y.~ IJ~I

    stammarraw
    ycaoobuuna leen mawwatoo. They
    continued to torture him until they
    killed him. L...ly.UI .:r-- 4.......-i.i u y
    mawwat nafsa min d-diraasa. He
    killed himself studying .. ~ ~ ~
    ~ ~ u y y/:libb bint camma.
    mawwat nafsa ca[eeha. He loves his
    cousin. He almost killed himself for
    her. y..L..ll JL!. .J;l .........t.i u .Y' mawwat
    nafsa /een caaf d-dubb. He played
    dead when he saw the bear. .o..#- IJ.l.,.:.
    u _,....r.. (.,>l_ri xadu cafee traay ymawwit.
    They gave him an examination that
    was awfully tough. (prov.) uu Jll
    uL. illi faat maat. Let bygones be
    bygones. (prov.) ':J! u-"'- L.. _r;l-1 .J_rll
    _r---i"- e-eoor !-/:lamar ma ymuut 'ilia
    /:lamar. A leopard cannot change his
    spots. (derog.) (lit., "A red bull dies
    only as a red bull.").
    ~\..o.:......ol stamaat X to defy death, risk
    one's life . .:r- t U..UI l) lyl.=.....l ~ _,.J:-1
    ~..lll li-jnuud stamaataw ji d-difaac
    can 1-madiina. The soldiers risked
    their lives defending the city.

    'I

    ~.J-0 moot death. 1il1 ~ u ).1 /-moot


    b-yadd a/fa. Death is in God's hands.

    U.JI'" mwt
    ~Lo

    maat (u y.ymuut) to die, become


    dead. ~ ~ ~ uL. maat gabil
    xams siniin. He died five years ago.
    1)_,s:J1 ,y ul..o maat min 1-koleera. He
    died of cholera. u _r-'.. . ~ ..::.......;., ...,...>.:
    4-#- yl:zibb hint camma. ymuut caleeha.
    He loves his cousin. He would die for
    her. ty!,-1 ,y ul..o maat min 1-yuuc. He
    starved to death.
    ~ .J-1

    oyJ .Y' ~

    mawwat II to kill, put to death.

    4..J_,.- moota (n. of inst.) p. -aat certain


    kind of death, demise .. J~ JG,. .J t5"'
    ~~ u .Y' ul..o caan rayyaal battaal.
    maat mootat c-calb. He was a bad
    man. He died like a dog.
    ~

    mayyit

    l. dead, deceased. !.1 y.i

    ~~ 'ubuuk tayyib? Is your father

    alive? ~ 1ii1J '':J Ia, walla mayyit.


    No, he's dead. ~~ ':JIJ ~ tayyib
    walla mayyit? Is he dead or alive?
    ......; _,.....;ll ,y ~ mayyit min 1-xoof He's

    574

    scared to death. 2. (p. dyl mwaat,


    ..;...l_,.....i 'amwaat) dead man, deceased
    person. !Glyl r- ..r. ~I 'a!!aah yirl;zam
    mwaatna! God bless the souls of our
    dead!
    .; ~ ,J f" mwtr
    ~yo

    mootar p. ~1_,... muwaatir, -aat


    vehicle, esp. a pickup truck. ~ ; }I
    ~j ~ L.. J 1-mootar catiij w-ma
    yistagil zeen. The car is old and
    doesn't work very well.

    J 'i J .J f"

    mwdyl

    ~~yo

    muudeel p. -aat model. t.,?~


    ~ J a.:;__., J~ _,. . ; J~ cindi sayyaara
    muuddeel sitta w-tisciin. I have a
    1996-model car.
    j,J f" mwz

    j_J--4 mooz (coli.) bananas. s. -a p. -aat.

    i HI JU. j__,J.I 1-mooz gaali 1-yoom.


    Bananas are expensive today. G-,!~1
    j_,.._. stireet mooz. I bought (some)
    bananas. l..w..ll ~ .:.;;; jy ~ kaleet
    moozteen cugb !-gada. I ate two
    bananas after lunch.
    ~.J

    f" mws
    ~_J--4

    muus p. u-lyl mwaas l. pen2. straight-edged razor. ~


    U'}~ yl;zassin b-1-muus. He shaves
    with a razor. 3. razor blade.

    knife.

    ~ (.j ~ .J f" mwsyg


    ~yo

    muusiiga music.

    ~yo muusiigi musical. ~ _,... ;J..i;...

    l;zajla muusiigiyya concert.


    )~yo muusiigaar p. -iyya musician.

    t.J f"

    mwc

    t. L..o maac (t:f_ymW) to melt, dissolve.

    t. L.. ~I J-S kill ().()alj maac. All the


    ice melted. t.,?Lll .) t. L. ~I s-sakar

    maac fii 1-maay. The sugar dissolved


    in the water.
    (_,..... mawwac II to melt, dissolve,
    liquefy s.th. 0~W1 0 y y._ ~~ ~ ()fi
    ha/-ma:jnac ymawwcuun 1-macaadin.
    In this factory, they melt metals. t.Y
    t.,?Lll .) e:-il-1 mawwac 1-mi//:z fi 1-maay.
    He dissolved the salt in the water.
    t~-Lo maayic (act. part. from

    t. L. maac)

    melted, dissolved.

    'J ,J f"

    mwl

    J.,...

    to finance . ..._.}J-1
    ;;~ ~JL..:.... J_,..l li-l;zkuuma tmawwil
    masaarW ka()iira. The government
    finances many projects.
    mawwal

    II

    JL.o

    maal p. Jl_,......l mwaal 1. wealth,


    affluence.
    2. property, possessions.
    ..____. _,s:J-1 JL. maal 1-l;zukuuma the
    government property . ..:...> J~w . ._.
    ..__llyl 1-l;zukuuma :Jaadarat mwaala.
    The government confiscated his
    possessions. JLriJ raasmaal capital.
    3. (particle indicating possession or
    ownership) JL. o).~-.JI t.,?iJ. haaoi
    s-sayyaara maali. This car is mine.
    ~~~ ~ .y JL. maal man has-santa?
    Whose bag is this? Who does this bag
    belong to? 4. for, for the purpose of.
    il...b JL.. f.:" meez maal {acaam dining
    table. 0 .J-:!j-41; JL. L_.r:-:ji 'anteen maal
    talafizyoon TV antenna.

    .f-J-1

    JLo
    y\...

    maali I. monetary, financial.


    ~l_,b tuwaabic maaliyya revenue

    575
    stamps.
    2. fiscal. WL.. a..:_.. sana
    maaliyya fiscal year.

    close to him?

    u~ mawwan II to supply with provisions to s.o. ~ ~ .:>~I .J _r.. ~I

    :L....:JI.o

    maaliyya finance, monetary


    affairs. a.,!\.11 o)jJ wazaaratl-maaliyya
    the ministry of finance.

    -.......; y.b; 1-jees ymawwin li-jnuud b-kill


    sayy yil)taajuuna. The army provides
    soldiers with anything they need.

    J-.!-"

    tamwiil (v.n. from II J.J-"


    mawwal) financing. .:.r-s- JJ_;..-. .:.ro
    ~tJ~I LA> j...!.,.C man mas'uul can
    tamwiil
    hal-masruuC?
    Who's
    responsible for financing this project?
    r

    u~ tmawwan V pass. of II .J.J-"


    mawwan. ~\ ...;.......>- ~ ~ Li _,.c
    tmawwana b-kill sayy l)agg 1-kasta.
    We supplied ourselves with everything
    we need for the picnic.

    J.J~ mwl
    Ji_,.... mawwaal p. ~Jiy mawaawiil

    :UY' muuna provisions.

    song or poem, often sung to the accompaniment of a reed pipe.

    ,J-J..-" tamwiin (v.n. from II .Jy


    mawwan) food supply. .:r-.,.C ;SI.J"
    maraakiz tamwiin food supply centers.

    J.J~ mwl

    J_,....

    muul (adv.) 1. never. J..l...a,! L..


    J y J _,_.4]1 ma naddig /-goo/ muul. He
    never believes what's said. Lo '-'"'.,_1;
    J.J---" ~ jluus ma cinda muul. He
    doesn't have any money.~_,..::.i L.. """"-!
    ~Jy bacad ma 'acuufic muul? Will I
    ever see you (f.s.) again. 2. exactly.
    Jy t}...:.ll Js- ~ beeti cafa s-saaric
    muul. My house lies exactly on the
    street.

    I 'i f" ,J f" mwmyaa

    c)'

    'if"

    my

    Y miya (common var. ;;,..-1 'imya) one


    hundred.
    f" mybr

    o.fr.f' meebara p. -aat darning needle.

    mwn

    IJI.o maan (.J fiymuun) (with

    [._,..... mooy (coli.) waves. s. -a p. -aat.


    ~ ~ r-1' ~~ .:.> _,..::.-4 L.. ..!J.....L....Ji
    s-simaamiic ma ydissuun 1-bal)ar
    1-yoom b-sabab 1-mooy. The fishermen
    won't go to sea today because of the
    waves.

    ..J~'.j

    L:-ay muumya mummy.

    u,J ~

    (j,J f" mwy

    Js- cata)

    to be on close terms with s.o., be a


    good friend to s.o. '~...l>.- r--L- ly.l>.~~ J~ ..w..i ~ .JL....Ji ~ .)~
    yaabaw mudiir yidiid, yitsaddad cafa
    t-cummal. fii 'aJ:wd ymuul cafee? They
    brought a new manager who is strict
    with the workmen. Is there anyone

    u'i f"

    myt

    mayyit. See under u J

    i"

    mwt.

    ..; I .J 'i ~ mydaar


    JI.L..:-o miidaar p. _r--=>l..,.. mayaadiir
    fishing line, fishing rod. J..Li l...:.5'

    ~JJIJ .1 y.)-~ ~ '_r--=>W4 Cinna


    n~adig b-1-mayaadiir, yacni b-li-xyuur
    w-d-dijiij. We were fishing with lines,

    576

    feature, characteristic.

    rods and nets.

    uI oJ 'i fl

    ~ tamyiiz (v.n. from II

    mydaan

    1. differentiation. ~ J J~ b-duun
    tamyiiz unintentionally. 2. discrimination, favoritism. 1.,? ~ _r.:-l. tamyiiz
    cunsuri racial discrimination.
    3.
    app.eal (jur.) ~ ~ maf:tkamat
    tamyiiz highest appeal court, court of
    cassation .

    ~14

    miidaan p . .:.r-~1.:-- mayaadiin 1.


    square, open space.
    2. field (of
    contest), arena. JWI Jl~ miidaan
    s-sibaag the race track, the race
    course.

    '..J'} fl

    myz

    mayyaz II 1. (with .Y.:! been) to


    distinguish, differentiate. r i J...L,ji \...
    ~)II L;H rna 'agdar amayyiz been
    li-Oneen. I can't distinguish between
    the two. 2. (with .y- can) to consider
    better than. ~..,._ J..JI .:f ~ Y. ~ J..LQj'
    tigdar tmayyiz bu (Jabi can d-doof:ta?
    Would you consider Abu Dhabi better
    than Doha?

    j'-:;.ol mtiyaaz (v.n. from VIII Jl-~.1


    1. distinction, honor. ~
    jL..,;..o~ JL....,..,;:... )II nija/:t ji li-mti/:taan

    mtaaz)

    jW mumtaaz

    VIII (withy b-) 1. to be


    distinguished, be marked by. ~ y.
    t:......:JI ~ .:.r.} U:.l-*' jl.:.( bu {Jabi timtaaz
    b-hawaaha z-zeen ji s-sita. Abu Dhabi
    is distinguished by its good weather in
    the winter. 2. to distinguish oneself.
    u JG'~ jl.:.( }.JI ii 'umm n-naar timtaaz
    b-'aa8aarha. Umm al-Nar distinguished itself by its antiquities. 3.
    (with ~ cata) to surpass, excel, be

    better than. UL...>.: ~ ~ ..:.>)I..::.. I


    mtaazat cafeehin killahin b-jamaalha.
    She surpassed all of them in beauty.

    o_r.---o

    miiza p. -aat distinguishing

    1. outstanding, excel-

    lent, exceptional. jL.:.l ~l.k taalib


    2.
    mumtaaz outstanding student.
    premium super. )IIJ ~.,?~~ J-)\_, ~
    ~ jl__;,t tabi
    baanziin caadi walla
    mumtaaz? Do you want regular or
    premium gasoline?

    jl.-:.DI mtaaz

    c>.

    bi-mtiyaaz. He passed the examination


    with distinction.
    2. concession,
    franchise.

    ..r.J.

    tmayyaz V (with ~can) to be


    distinguished, be distinct from. ~
    U\,;;. Y- ..._;~ o~ ~ yitmayyaz can
    geera b-'anna lif:tyatin gaanma. He's
    distinguished from other men because
    he's a very nice guy.

    r.- mayyaz)

    r.

    .; 'if"

    myz

    y meez p . .j.r-- myuuz, -aat l. table.


    il..J:, JL. r. meez maal tacaam dining
    table. 2. desk.

    'J 'if"

    my!

    jl...o maal (,Y_ymiil) 1. (with J /-)to


    be more in favor of, incline, tend, have
    a liking to. ~l.r-lJ )1\J I_;.;Jj j:.C tmiil
    lis-sagra walla lis-samra? Are you
    more m favor of a blonde or a
    brunette? ,y _;..S"i ..:.>L:-.a\e)l ~i L;i
    i y-l.JI 'aana 'amiil lir-riyaa{Jiyyaat
    'ak8ar min z_cufuum. I tend to like
    mathematics more than science. 2. to
    tend, incline, have a tendency. J _,J

    577

    J:>L,.,.ll ~ u _,kJI loon t-roofa ymiil


    lil-bayaa(J. The color of the wall tends
    toward white. ! L,;-Lil ~ ..:JLo maalat
    cafeek d-dinya! May evil befall you!

    J..-:..o mayyal II 1. to make s.o. sympathetic, favorably disposed, inclined.


    .ul ~ J.>-- }I ..l..>.- I) i fy-1.0 ~ .._j .rP
    ~iraf
    ca{eeha fluus waayid lajil
    ymayyilha 'ila. He spent a lot of
    money on her to make her like him. 2.
    to tilt, incline. c}fl. 1.5; 'C_,lll J,.C }i{a
    tmayyil 1-loob, tara yoogac. Don't tilt
    the board, or it'll fall down.

    .}.. L-' tmaayal

    VI to sway, swing. ~

    .J ~- ~ .J ft~

    .,.

    J(j I" my!


    ~ miil p. JL,..-1 myaal mile.

    L) sittiin miil ji s-saaca sixty


    miles per hour. Jo.- ..,_.I :UL.. masaafat
    i'myat miil distance of one hundred
    miles.

    f"(jf" mym
    ~'"="'

    ~ meel p. J..r--- myuul (v.n. from JLo


    maa[) leaning, inclination, disposition.

    .}.LA maayil (act. part. from JLo maal)


    I. leaning, leaning over, bending
    down. Jill lp. c..r. burj biiza 1-maayil

    miim name of the letter r m .

    I u(j f" mynaa

    jii naas
    yitmaayluun leen yimsuun. There are
    people who sway as they walk.
    to one's side, gain favor with s.o . .r-..UI
    ~ ).1 ~ ~ JJL>- l-mudiir
    baawal yistamiil bac9 li-mwa(J9ajiin.
    The manager tried to win over some of
    the employees.

    Jo.- ~

    ~L..JI

    cf'L..;

    J~i stamaal X to win over, bring

    the leaning tower ofPisa. 2. bent, not


    straight. ...J..u:. ~J-L.. J-) lees maayil?
    caddla. Why is it bent? Make it
    straight.

    miina p.

    ~~_,...

    mawaani harbor,

    port.

    .J(j f" myw


    o.J-:'" mayoo p . ..;.;l..>. ..r--- -haat woman's
    bathing suit.

    ''i 'if"

    t-..r"

    .,.

    myy

    mayy, ;;.__,... mayya (more common


    var. 0\... maay). See under c; 1f' maay.

    'i 'if"

    myy

    ;;,;. miyya (more common var . ..,_. miya,


    ..,_.I 'imya). See under c; f' my.

    u
    J 'I ..J I u naaryl
    J..JW naariil (coll.) coconuts. s. -a.
    (..J~I .:.r-" o.).Jy..-:. J.JUI n-naariil

    nistawrida min 1-xaarij. We import


    coconuts from abroad.
    t...4.JU naariila p. -aat hubble-bubble,

    Persian waterpipe. ~~.Jli ~.) .!.l..,.,..scumrak duxt naariila? Have you ever
    smoked a hubble-bubble?
    l,jM

    I u naas

    '-"'U naas. See under '-""c),. 'ns.


    l,jM ,J ~

    u naamws

    '-"'_,-L......i

    naamuus
    l. (p. ~1_,.;
    nuwaamiss) prize money (for a camel
    race or horse race). L.:! cJ".rUI ~\.;...j
    ~L,.ib.:. tistaahal n-naamuus ya xalfaan.
    You deserve the prize, Khalfan. 2.
    honor, integrity. ~ ~c..J"yL o...~...,_;$. L..
    ~L_:,.,. )I c.J:-! ~ ~ ma c;nda
    naamuus; yxa!!i binta tistagil been
    r-rayaayiil. He hasn't got any honor;
    he lets his daughter work among men.

    'I I u naay
    '-iU naay p. -aat kind of flute without
    mouthpiece.

    U,J J 'I I u naaylwn


    ~J}!W naay/oon nylon. ~fiG~

    gamii$ naayloon nylon shirt.


    ~~u nbt
    ~

    nibat (~ yanbit) l. to grow.


    uP }11 t?.L. ~ ~ L.. t.J) z-zaric ma
    yanbit fi haaoi l-'ar9. Plants do not

    grow in this soil. 2. to sprout, germinate. uP}Jic;.l.J. ~ ~J} ~I J~l


    t..r.-" ~ ~ 1-bioir illi tizracaji
    haaoi l-'ar9 yanbit cugub subuuc. The
    seeds you plant in this soil will sprout
    in one week.
    ~

    nabta p. -aat seedling, shoot.

    ~Y

    nabaat (coli.) plants, vegetation.

    ,j~u nbO
    ~

    nabiio wine.

    .)~ manbuuo (p.p.) p. -iin outcast,


    pariah.
    ..J~U nbr
    ~

    minbar p. _r.G manaabir pulpit.


    s-seex $icad 1-minbar.
    The Shaikh ascended to the pulpit.
    ~I ..u..,... ~I

    :. u u

    l,jM

    nbS

    j:-;J nibas (? yanbis) 1. to dig up,


    tmearth. -JG' ~Lc(.. ~ o_,....;.;.) J o_ij I~
    nbasaw gabra w-difanoo fi mukaan
    fJaani. They dug up his grave and
    buried him in another place. 2. to
    bring out into the open, reveal. t..?l.t.
    ~ ':J ~~ yl.,;aj haaoi ga9aaya
    catiija; Ia tinbissa. These are very old
    problems; don't bring them out into
    the open.

    J-;1 nabbas II 1. to keep digging up,


    keep unearthing. I.}J...-P ~ J.-19all
    ynabbas 9iddi. He kept digging up
    things against me. 2. = ~ nibas

    579
    .b~u nbt

    ~ nabati (adj.) colloquial, not


    literary. ~ _r-:;. sicir nabati colloquial poetry.
    ~~u nb{J

    ,jA-:J nabu{J pulse, hearbeat. ~ _p>-...UI


    Ju J ~ d-daxtar jass nab{Ji
    w-gaal m~axxan. The doctor felt my
    pulse and said I had a fever.

    nibac (~ yinbac) to spring, originate, flow. ~I .:..,--o ~ _.r-+11 U.


    han-nahir yinbac min 1-yibal. This
    river originates in the mountain.
    nabic spring, source.
    nabic spring water.

    t ~u

    C:i

    <,?L. maay

    nbg

    ~Li naabiga p. ~lj nawaabig genius,


    distinguished person.

    nabig (coli.) lotus fruit. s. -a. _r:r..-:;,


    ~ ~ ~I siyar n-nabig yi(lac hni.
    Lotus trees grow here.
    J~u nbl
    ~ nabiil I. (p. -iin) noble.~ JL;l

    'insaan nabiil noble person. 2. (p.


    nubala) aristocratic, highborn.

    nbh

    II 1. to remind. ~ ~
    ~ o~l:!)l ..,._!.1 nabbahta cala (alab
    z-ziyaada l;zaggi. I reminded him of
    my request for an increment. 2. to
    4

    nabbah

    warn, caution. ~ L.. "-+.-i ~ .,t ~


    Ia tluumni. nabbahta rna
    yinbis 1-maw{Juuc. Don't blame me. I

    t...r-"'}I

    nab bah.

    ~~

    ntibah VIII to pay attention. !~I


    ntabih! jiddaamak sir{a.
    Pay attention! There are policemen in
    front ofyou. ~ '~ l~l'ioa tintibih,
    tiftihim. If you pay attention, you'll
    understand.
    alertness, awareness.
    ~

    tanbiih (v.n. from II ~ nabbah)


    1. warning, cautioning. 2. notification,
    notice.
    o~l ntibaah (v.n. from VIII ~I
    ntibah) attention.
    ~ mintabih (act. part. from VIII ~I
    ntibah) 1. paying attention. 2. alert,
    watchful.

    .J~U nbw

    ~~u nbg

    j)~u

    a~ nabaaha (v.n.) 1. intelligence. 2.

    nbc

    4-3 tnabbah V pass. of II

    out the

    ;J, ~ ..!.LI..U

    t ~u

    warned him not to bring


    subject into the open.

    ~ nabi p. ~i 'anbiya prophet. ~I


    ~ n-nabi mu}J,ammad Prophet
    L .....:-/~;1 ..;P) ~6
    l;
    Muhammad.
    falas(iin 'ar{J 1-'anbiya. Palestine is the
    land of the Prophets.
    '-?~ nabawi (adj.) of or pertaining to

    Prophet Muhammad.

    [uu

    ntj

    ~ nitaj 1. (imperf. ~ yantij) to


    result, be a result (of s. th.) .t_ _;~..; ~

    ~ ~ L.. l;zaCi faa rig. rna nitaj sayy.

    Empty talk. There were no results. ~


    ~t. \-..:>..~I ~1.) .:.r-- ~ nitaj sayy min
    oaak li-jtimaac? Has anything resulted
    from that meeting?
    yintij)

    to

    produce,

    2. (imperf. ~
    make,

    yield.

    580
    -L..:>:-1_, j_,J---! ~ ..:..IJL.)'I 1-imaaraat

    manufacturing.

    tintij batrool waayid The U.A.E.


    produces a lot of oil. ~ ~~ U.
    ~ly. ha/-ma$nac yintij juwaati. This
    factory makes shoes. ~I l) .._;:.J \11
    ~ .J-! l) .._;:.J\11,:;-- _;Si ~ 1-'arp.fi
    f-ceen tintij 'ak(}ar min 1-'arp .fi bu
    pabi. The soil in Al-Ain has a greater
    yield than the soil in Abu Dhabi.

    [. \.:.::.......1 stintaaj (v.n. from X ~~

    ~I

    stantaj X to conclude, deduce,


    ._,.., _,...,. ~I .!.Lo'.>\5' ,:;-- ~~
    ~lyo stantajt min kalaamak 'innak
    muub mwaa.fig. I concluded from your
    talk that you weren't in agreement.
    infer.

    :U::._,.6.:.:.11 ~} l~l l...i.._.,.

    J5"

    )..l.Qj

    ~j

    tigdar tistantij kill haaoa 'ioa


    gareet 1-max{uu{a zeen. You can
    deduce all of this if you read the
    manuscript well.
    ~

    natiija p. ~t::; nataayij I. ~esult,


    outcome, consequence. ~ Ai.IIL:;..;I
    ~j 0l....:>.:;.. ')I l) nsaaf!a natiijatk .fi
    li-mtil)aan zeena. I hope your
    examination result will be good.
    }.._.... \II J_r--; ~j') ~u a....__.
    li-l)kuuma gaalat,
    "laazim tinzil
    1- 'ascaar. " The government said,
    "Prices have to go down." J _y!.j Ll:,:.
    ~~ xa!!na ncuufn-natiija. Let's see
    what happens. ~ -}JI ~ l}...i.._.,.
    haaoi natiijt illi yiskar. This is the
    consequence of those who drink. 2.
    use, benefit. ~ 1.)1 ~ 4...J Le
    ~ . o~l_, ma fii natiija 'iOa baceet
    wiyyaa.
    caniid
    You won't get
    anywhere if you talk to him. He's

    pi

    stubborn.
    ~ ~1 'intaaj (v.n.

    production.

    from

    ~ nata}) 1.

    2. producing, making,

    stantaj) inference, conclusion.


    ~

    mintij (act. part. from~ nataj)


    1. having produced, manufactured. 2.
    productive.

    ..J.:, U

    ntf

    i...A::l nita/ (~ yantif) I. to pluck, pull


    out (feathers). ~1.>....1.11 ~J ._A.:j nitaf
    rii.f d-diyaaya. He plucked the feathers
    of the chicken.

    i...A::l nattaf II = .....,A:; nitaf


    ...A::.:J tnattafV pass. ofll J=.i nattaf

    J _p mantuuf (p.p. from ._A.:j nita.f)


    plucked, pulled out (feathers.

    'i,::., U n(}y
    ~ ni(}ya p. -aat female. ~I ~
    a.....,..,..JI ni(}yat c-cabs /i-ncaya. The
    female of the ram is the ewe. ~~
    ..:.. J )'I l) _.?.lll .b:.~ L. ~ .L,:.lj n-ni(}ya
    taaxio nU$$-ma yaaxiO 0-0akar fi
    1-'irO. The female gets half of what the
    male gets in inheritance.
    ~[u njb

    ~ najiib p. -iin, Lj,. nujaba 1.


    noble, high-minded person. 2. (adj.)
    noble, high-minded.

    C[u nib
    ~ nijab (~ yinjab) 1. to pass (an
    examination) . ..LJ-1 ,01>..;;..~1 j ~

    '

    "

    ni}abt fi li-mtil)aan, 1-bamdu


    lil-laah. I passed the examination,
    praise be to God. o_,...1.>: ,~ L. ~
    oy.L>.- cugub-ma nijal), catoo jaayza.
    After he had passed, they gave him a
    ~

    581

    prize.

    -J ....,--ull '

    ;.

    all

    c::-4 ~ .)-!

    bu cali nijal:z la~-~aff


    l-xaamis fi l-madrasa l-layliyya. Abu
    Ali passed the fifth grade at the night
    school. 2. to succeed, be successful.
    ~i ..:,~ o};o:..=l\ -J
    nijal:zfi t-tijaara
    linna 'amiin. He succeeded, did well in
    business, because he was honest .
    L.J:lll ...___... .J..UI

    r:!

    .1 ..LJ.I

    ,~ _,...6)-1

    JijJ

    ~ ~I

    f-camaliyya nja}:zat w-zaal l-xatar


    canna, l-l;amdu lil-laah. The operation
    was a success and he was no longer in
    danger, praise be to God.
    ~ najjal:z II to pass s.o., let s.o.
    succeed. ~ ._,....J..UI ~ 'J-j y Jl>.- L.

    ma jaawab zeen, bass l-mudarris


    naJja}:za. He didn't answer well, but
    the teacher passed him.

    c_ ~ najaal:z (v.n. from


    passing (an
    ! .JL___;..,_-;.. ~I

    r:! nijal:z)

    examination).

    1.

    .!) ).P---'

    -J c._ L__,.,.j~

    mabruuk
    b-n-najaal:z fi li-mtil:zaan! Congratulations on passing the examination . ..i.:,.:.
    li. ;;_,.,. .J;;, ~ xao bass darajat najaal;.
    He took only a passing grade. 2.
    success. Gl:>- ,J ..__,_li. '-:--:-----" "--..:.il..i
    'amaanta sabab nujaal:za fi l:zayaata.
    His honesty is the reason for his
    success in his life.

    J[u njd
    ~~

    stanjad X to appeal for aid,


    ask for help . ..;:.;~\ ~;i J J;;, ~
    4.......&-~1 ~ r----' ~I ~ bac{J duwal
    'afriigya stanjadat b-hay'at 1-'umum
    b-sabab 1-majaaca. Some African
    nations appealed to the United Nations
    for aid because of the famine.

    ~ najd Najd (region in Saudi Arabia),

    the Arabian Plateau as opposed to


    jG...>- l:zijaaz Hijaz, the western region
    of Saudi Arabia.

    i.iJ4..

    najdi 1. characteristic ofNajd.


    2. (p. -yyiin) native ofNajd. 3. (n., no
    known p.) kind of goat or lamb.

    o~ najda 1. (v.n.) aid, help, support.


    2. (p. -aat) squad, such as a police
    squad. t_.r--11 wJLi o.L:..:.ll n-najda
    twalif 1-misric. The police squad issue
    violation tickets to speeders.

    ..J[U njr
    ~ nijar (more common var. _;;, niyar).
    See under ..J 'i nyr.

    )~ najjaar p. .,r.--->.-li. najaajiir


    carpenter. ~ rl...1 JL... ~ ~ ~)
    .JL....>..JI wa~~eena cafa meez maal
    tacaam cind n-najjaar. We ordered a
    dining table from the carpenter's shop.
    oJ~ njaara (common var. o.J~
    nyaara)
    1. carpentry.
    2. wood
    shavings.

    J[u

    njl

    ~ nijiila p.

    JU. najaayil

    1. palm
    seedling, palm shoot. 2. young palm.

    f" [U njm
    ~ najim p. r~ njuum male movie
    star.

    movie star.

    1. p. r~ njuum female
    2. (p. -aat) star (more

    common var.

    f' r.;

    najma

    niyma). See under

    unym.

    J[U njw
    ~ nija (~yinja) (with .y min) to
    escape

    (s.th.), be saved, be rescued

    582
    suicide because she married someone

    from s.th . .::..> ).1 .y \j. nija min /-moot.


    He escaped death.

    else.

    ~ na;ja

    J~l nti~aar (v.n.) suicide, commit-

    II to save s.o. (from s.th.),


    rescue, deliver. ~U. JL.U) <0~ ~I
    .::..> ).1 .y 'a!!a subbaanahu wa tacaalaa
    najjaani min !-moot. God, may He be
    praised and exalted, saved me from
    death. ~I '::Jl ~I ~ .y ~ L. ma
    ynajjiik min hal-mu~iiba 'ilia /!aah.
    Only God will save you from this
    calamity.

    ting suicide .

    ,jcu

    j~

    ~cu n~s

    '-"'Lsi nu~aas (coli.) copper.

    L..; Jf-)

    V"'L.>...:.J~ ~

    'arizoona tistahir
    b-n-nu~aas. Arizona is famous for
    copper. _;...oi V"'tj. nu~aas 'a~far brass.

    :. 1"'

    ~'-u

    u~u net

    nhs

    J'~l n~aas VII to escape, run away .

    nicat (~ yanCit) to put food

    into dishes. L:...\Aj') JS'il ~ ~ .r


    ~1urumti niCtat !- 'akil w-tgaddeena. My
    wife put the food into dishes and we
    had lunch.

    J'~

    ucu

    min~aas

    runaway.

    n~t

    W.

    ._;.U-1

    ,d...b _r--'JI o_,....>- j zaxxoo


    s-sirta, bass n~aas minhum. The
    police arrested him, but he escaped
    from them.

    ..::-5..;

    J C0

    -aat.

    u 1"'
    '-u nhn
    .
    ~ nib in. See under r uuc bnn.

    1. sculpturing,

    sculpture. 2. stonecutting.

    1. sculptor.

    2. stonecutter.
    nbr

    cu

    nbw

    V to move or go far
    away. )1 <J o\;) ~l$.- .y- ~ tnabba
    can yamaacta w-taah fi !-barr. He
    went far away from his group and got
    lost in the desert.
    tnabfla

    VIII to commit suicide.

    op-J- G..>.- J) ~"} ~I

    tazawwajat

    ,J

    ~~ na~baat p. -a, -iin

    ~~ ntibar

    n~l

    ~ na~al (coli.) bees. s. U n~ala p.

    for the unknown soldier.


    ~ na~t (v.n.)

    1. (adj.) fleeing,
    2. (p. -iin) fugitive, run-

    away.

    ni~at (~ yin~at)

    to chisel,
    sculpture. o~I ~ 4...C""'I l_,.:i n~itaw
    'isma cafa li-~xara. They chiseled his
    name on the rock. <,;S"...l.J:.i J>- Jt;I l_,.:i
    J~l nhitaw tim8aal ~agg 1-jindi
    1-majhuul. They sculptured a stature

    .; CU

    min~aaz p. ? G minaa~iiz

    mortar (vessel).

    o~ najaa (v.n. from \j. nija) escape,

    deliverance, salvation. u _,_11 .y oWl


    n-najaa min /-moot escape from death.

    n~z

    geera.

    He

    ntibar linha

    committed

    tneeba

    VI 1. to speak literary

    Arabic. 0 ~ ~

    U'l_j

    .Y fii nao

    583
    galiiliin yitneel:zuun. There are a few
    people who speak literary Arabic. 2.
    to philosophize. !~~\...;.~bass
    caad titneef:za! I've had enough of your
    philosophizing! Don't pretend to be
    such a philosopher any more!

    1- 'imaaraat UCab (Jidd muntaxab gi{ar.


    The U .A. E. national team played the
    national team of )a; gi{ar.

    .Jtu

    _j. nixar (~yanxir) to gnaw on s.th.,


    eat away at s.th. ~I a.__. _,...JI J-.!.o .JA

    ~ nal:zu grammar.

    0~1 J ~ huwa mi()/ s-suusa lli


    tanxir fi 1-liif:zaan. He's like a termite
    that gnaws on planks of wood.

    4j~ nal:zwi poetry in literary Arabic.

    ~ _,...:;, ....,... y

    'c; _yi

    IJ..., haaoa nal:zwi,

    muub sicir naba{i. This is literary


    poetry, not colloquial poetry.

    Jtu

    ~ tnaxxa1 V pass. of II

    ~I

    ntixab VIII 1. to elect. o~I


    ~ J ntixboo ra'iis. They elected him
    president. 2. to select, choose, pick.
    ~ Jll ~I ntaxib illi tabgii. Select
    the one you want. Select whatever you

    want.
    ntixaab p. -aat election.

    ~ muntaxab

    (p.p.) 1. having been


    elected. ~I ~)I r-ra'iis
    1-muntaxab the president-elect. 2. (p.
    -aat) selected team (in sports).~
    _r-k:; ~ ~ ~ ...;..JIJL. ~I muntaxab

    naxxa1.

    ~ naxaf (coli.) date palms, palm


    trees. s. a.....l.i nxafa p. -aat. (prov.)
    ~ ~ JWIJ aJ.;i J_,k J):JI t-tuu1
    {uu1 nxafa w-1-cagif cag-! $Xafa. The
    mind of a child and the body of a man.
    (lit., "The height is that of a date palm
    and the mind is that of a young
    goat."). j->.JI J .)s foog n-naxaf doing
    very well, prosperous.
    ~ munxu! p. ~\..;.. manaaxi/ sieve.

    .Jtw

    ~tu nxb

    nx1

    ~ naxxa! II to sift. ~I cJ.;t


    naxxfat t-tal:ziin. She sifted the flour.

    ~U naal:zya p. ~1__,.; nawaal:zi 1.


    region, section of a city, province. l)
    ~l.JI .!.1...:!~ ji oiic n-naal:zya in that
    region. ~l.i JS .:.;-- min kill naaf:zya
    from everywhere. 2. aspect, viewpoint. ~l_,jl J.--.5' ,J---' min kill
    n-nawaal:zi in every respect. ~ l..i .y
    ~\.. c;~ L. ,\..ii min naaf:ziiti a"ana, ma
    c;ndi maanic. As for me, I have no
    objection. ~ __,.;t; ~l.i .y min naal:zya
    gaanuuniyya from a legal standpoint,
    de jure. ~\,;' ~\..j .:.;-- min naal:zya
    ()aanya on the other hand.

    y~l

    nxr

    nxw

    ~ nixa ( ~ yanxa) to arouse the


    sense of honor. ~ L. ,o\.:.:...:.j I::Ol ioa
    tinxaa, ma yga$$ir. If you arouse his
    sense of honor, he won't let you down.

    ojt naxwa (v.n.) sense of honor, pride,


    dignity. o~ ~L,.:. .ail$:. !-)-lil:zyatin
    gaanma. $aal:zib naxwa. He's a good
    man. He's an honorable man.

    li tu

    nxy

    ~ naxxi (coil.) (common var. naxxiy)


    chick-peas. s. -yya. ~ 41) ~ ~~
    n-naxxi nitbaxa wiyya Iaham. We

    584

    uJ.

    one who fluffs the cotton of mattresses, pillows, etc.

    cook chick-peas with meat.


    ~Ju

    ndb

    y..L.::.il ntidab

    VIII to authorize,
    empower (s.o. to do

    Ju

    r.w

    nidam (~~ yindam) (with ?


    cafa) to be sorry for. olr JJI JY ~..l,j
    nidam cala lli sawwaa. He felt sorry
    for what he had done.

    commission,
    s.th.). _r--1 Jll .) 4b:. "--=-!..l:il L p 1
    l-hukuuma ntidbata yma88ilha fi
    l-mu'tamar.
    The
    government
    authorized him to represent it in the
    conference.

    rJ...;J tnaddam

    = ~...l,j

    nidam. olr
    ~~) sawwaaha w-tnaddam. He did it
    and was sorry.

    y...L..;.A mandab, as in y...L:.il y~ baab

    l-mandab Bab Al-Mandeb (strait


    between SW Arabia and Africa).

    ndm

    ':! J u ndy
    ~p\.i

    naada III 1. to call, summon s.o.


    t_,_...., }I 0 L.JS:;) ~~\..; naadeeta
    w-tkallamna fi 1-maw{Juuc. I called
    him and we talked about the subject.
    2. to call out, shout to s.o. ~ .y ..::~Li
    naadeeta min baciid. I called out to
    him from a distance 3. (with JY cala)
    to invite s.o. to s.th. L.JI ~ r~~Li
    naadeenaahum cala 1-casa. We invited
    them to di1mer.

    y J..L:.o manduub p. -iin delegate,


    representative. y )....L..:..o ~ _). :\...PI
    d5'.r-=:JI ._:..,u~l .) ~ l-hukuuma
    tarrasat manduub yma88ilha fi
    jtimaacaat s-sarika. The government
    sent a delegate to represent it in the
    company meetings.

    y..L::.:.o muntadab (p.p. from VIII y..L:il


    ntidab) delegated, commissioned.
    ,; J

    u ndr

    ~ J..L...,j

    nadwa p. -aat convention,


    conference.

    )~ Li

    naadir I. rare. .; J~l.i :J\.:.- haala


    naadra rare case. J~l__j J..u... macdan
    naadir rare metal. 2. (p. -iin) excellent
    person. L.. J~\_j naadir-ma rarely,
    seldom. ~ ~L..JI ~ ...l,j) L. J~l__j
    naadir-ma
    'argid gabil s-saaca
    8nacas. I rarely go to bed before
    twelve (midnight).

    JJu ndf
    J..u nidaf (...)~ yandif)

    ~~U

    naadi p. '-:?~'_,....; nawaadi club,


    clubhouse. (.,;S~UI 0 ~ rcasseenafi
    n-naadi. We had dinner at the club.
    ~~\ (.,;S~UI n-naadi s-siyaabi the
    Tourists' Club. ~~J (.,;S~L...i naadi
    riyaa{Ji athletic club. J.:)l (.,;S~Li naadi
    1-biic the Beach Club.
    ..) j

    u nor

    to fluff or

    JL nioar (J~ yinoir) to vow, make a

    tease, comb (cotton). J->- ~I ...)..\.i


    ~_;:-:jl nidaf 1-gu(un hagg s-sibriyya.

    vow, pledge (a sacrifice) to God .

    He fluffed the cotton ofthe mattress.


    ~..k.u naddaaf p. -iin, ~~1..\.i nadaadiif

    ..Ll) ~l.,;.,. l~l ~ ~j_j ._:.., ).i; noarat


    tiobab cabs 'iOa yaabat 1-mlad. She
    vowed to sacrifice a ram if she had a
    baby boy.

    585
    1. to warn. o/' ~
    ~IL '-:?~ L... .!.L..;J.lii cam marra
    'anoartak ma tsawwi haaoa? How
    many times have I warned you not to
    do this? 2. to give notice to s.o.,
    notify s.o. 4.A..-:JI !.I~ u J.lii 'anoarna
    nitrik s-sigga. He gave us notice to
    vacate the apartment.

    J.l..Ji 'anoar

    IV

    offering (to God).

    !- 'ascaar nzalat swayyat. Prices have


    gone down a little. 6. to stay, take
    lodging. \J; Y. CJ) ~ J.? .J..J ween
    tinzil leen- truul) bu (Jhabi? Where do
    you stay when you go to Abu Dhabi?
    Li~ J} nizal cindana. He stayed with
    us. 7. to come into (the market), come
    in season, appear. <,?\),.I ~ 1 J.?- ~ 1
    1-yil)l)
    yanzil
    s-sahar
    1-yaay.
    Watermelons will come to the market
    next month.

    'inoaar (v.n. from IV J.lii 'anoar)


    p. -aat warning.

    Jj-i nazzal II 1. to unload. ~I l:J j


    '-:?J_,lll ,y nazzalna s-sakar min 1-loori.

    J..i.J nioir (v.n. from J.l; nioa~) 1. vow,


    solemn pledge. 2. (p. JJ....l_j nouur)
    JI.Li!

    J ju

    no!

    J.i..J naoil p. Jl.lil noaa/ rogue, rascal,


    knave.
    J.)u nzf
    ~} naziifbleeding, hemorrhage.

    J .)I.)

    nzl

    J _;.. ; nizal (J.?- yanzil) 1. to go down,


    come down, descend. J _,; i f J j nizal
    min foog. He came down from upstairs. J_;.-; ,4>-L... ~ <\._.j P Lo ...,--A.ccugub-ma ni{arta nu~~ saaca, nizal.
    After I had waited for him for half an
    hour, he carne down. 2. to get off,
    disembark, get down. u\S') ~ ..:.J j
    _,i-ll nizalt cind wakaalat s-safar. I got
    off at the travel agency . .J..)WI 1) }
    oJ L.k.ll
    u._.. nizlaw li-msaafriin min
    {-{ayyaara. The travelers deplaned. 3.
    to land, come down . ..:.J} L.. ~ 0}.::.b.li
    {-{ayyaara bacad ma nzalat. The plane
    hasn't landed yet. 4. to fall. J.?- L..
    ls-A ...L>.-IJ ~ ma yanzil mu{ar waayid
    hni. It doesn't rain much here. 5. to go
    down, fall, drop. ~~ c.J j JlA- \11

    We unloaded the sugar from the truck.


    J _,.......JI l) ,::...\~..J....-..11 J:,L..J., 1) j nazzalaw
    {amaa{ s-sacdiyyaat ji s-suug. They
    took the Sadiyat tomatoes to market.
    2. to lower, decrease, lessen. J) .r-:
    . -11 Jl.......l' ynazz1uun 'as c aar
    Jl.,a... J l) r-1
    1-labam ji rum(Jaan. They lower the
    prices of meat during Ramadan. o) j
    ~I_? Jl _r-...l...o i f nazzaloo min mudiir
    'tla karraani. They demoted him from
    manager to clerk. 3. to cause to get
    off, disembark, dismout. o).4.....JI to:! j
    nazzilni yamm s-safaara. Drop me
    near the embassy. ..r"'- T l) ~_p.JI l_,j j
    t_JL...:JI nazzalaw [-cibriyya ji 'aaxir
    s-saaric. They had the passengers get
    off at the end of the street. 4. to take
    down, bring down. d J J..L:.,a.]l ..:.J j
    nazzalt ~-~anduug tabat. I took the box
    downstairs. JL.d-1 ~ ,y- ...U }I ..:.J j
    nazzalt l-walad can (Jahar li-b~aan. I
    took the boy down from the back of
    the horse. ~I .:.r-- o~ _r..ll J j nazzal
    l-parda min s-sams. He let the curt~in
    down because of the sun. J.r-: 4i.ll
    !. ;,eli ~ 'a!!a ynazzil cafeek
    1-ga(Jab! May God send his wrath

    586

    down upon you! 5. to land, put ashore


    (troops). o~):-1 ~ :>~ I_,_Jj
    nazzafaw jnuud cafa 1-yiziira. They
    landed soldiers on the island. 6. to put
    up, lodge, accommodate. ~..L:>- l.i) j
    t_.r--" o~ nazzaloona ctndahum
    muddat subuuc. They put us up at their
    place for a week. 7. (with
    cafa) to
    reveal, send down (a revelation to a
    prophet). ~ l.i~
    -:>T_;JI J) ~I
    'a/fa nazzal 1-gur'aan cafa sayyidna
    mu(wmmad God revealed the Quran
    to our prophet Muhammad.

    LWI J:_i..J.~\Jfi f-etid n-naas yruuf:zuun

    1-muntazahaat
    w-1-f:zadaayig
    f-caamma. During the feast holiday,
    people go to parks and public gardens.
    y~u nsb

    1..:--"\.i naasab III 1. to become related

    give up, relinquish. __;, _rJI ,y- J).:.; ~I


    1-malik tnaazal can f_cars. The king
    gave up the throne. 2. to give in,
    yield. Jj~ Lo \~ caniid; ma
    yitnaazal. He's stubborn; he doesn't

    to s.o. by marriage. ~ c_IJ.r. o~l.i


    naasabnaa b-zawaaj bintana. We
    became related to him by marrying our
    daughter to him. ~l.i ~I ..JJ) wild
    s-seex naasabna. The Shaikh's son
    married into our family. 2. to suit s.o.,
    be comfortable for s.o. L:,......j}I u
    ~~~ hal-wagt ynaasibk? Does this
    time suit you? 4>-L.JI ~i ~l: L.
    ~ ma ynaasibni 'aniss s-saaca
    xams. It's not comfortable for me to
    get up at five o'clock. 3. to be commensurate, compatible, in keeping
    J'WI
    with. ~ '-:---"'~ Lo \JLJ..i ...U
    l-macaas cafa gadd l-f:zaal; ma ynaasib
    sugli. The salary isn't much; it's not
    commensurate with my job.

    give m.

    1..:--"w tnaasb

    JJ} nzuul (common var. nuzuul) (v.n.


    from J ~ nizal) 1. descend, descent,
    dismounting, getting down or off. 2.

    naasab.

    landing.

    u~ )I

    Js:-

    Js:-

    J_r-..-1

    to lower oneself,
    condescend . ..L:>-i ~\) ~ J_;.:.::. Lo ma
    yitnazzal yi/:I.Ci wiyya 'af:zad He won't
    lower himself to talk to anyone.
    tnazzal

    JjL:J tnaazaal VI 1. (with ,y- can) to

    Jij--il

    'inzaal

    (military)

    landing,

    Js:-

    VI

    ~~ ntisab VIII (with

    bj 0 nzh

    Jt 'ila)

    be relative to, be related to s.o .

    1. to
    ...li"-

    Jl ~

    f:zamad yintasib 'ila


    r-rmeeGaat. Hamad is a relative of the

    Rumaithy family.

    mvaswn.

    pass. ofiii ......,........li

    2. to join, become

    affiliated, associated with.

    Jt ~~

    ~}I ~~L......;

    'ila naadi

    ntisabt

    ulj nazaaha (v.n.) honesty, purity,

    1-muwa(Jt)afiin.

    integrity.

    employee's club.

    A...!.} naziih above reproach, blameless,

    ~ nasab p. yL.ii 'ansaab lineage,

    honest.

    descent, ancestry. ~ 0--' ~


    !~
    ".') s_cafeena min /:lasaba

    op

    muntazah p. -aat park, recreation

    ground. . :..Jl. ...<2> .rJI 0 ~)f..

    __,....LJI

    ~~

    joined

    the

    w-nasaba! What have we got to do

    587

    with his lineage and ancestry!

    married?

    4._...; nisba p . ....,_...; nisab 1. rate, ratio.


    ~ nisbat 1-jahi/ the illiteracy
    rate. .:...).1 ~ nisbat /-moot the death
    rate. 2. proportion. ~_r.- ~ nisba
    mi'awiyya percentage. Jl ;)'j)~\ ~
    ._}-.&-..!.>- j[ .:.r-_r:..s.. ~~ IL 4) .:..WI
    nisbat 1-'awlaad 'ila 1-banaaat fi
    haaoa ~-~aff cisriin 'ila /:ldacas. The
    proportion of boys to girls in this class
    is twenty to eleven. Jl ~4
    b-n-nisba 'ila with regards to,
    concerning, regarding. Lo 'Jl ~4
    ~L...... <.,?J.......:.; b-n-nisba 'iii, ma cindi
    maanic. As far as I am concerned, I
    have no objections.

    ~L:.o munaasib appropriate, suitable,


    proper. ...,_....,\..:... ..:.-.i) wagt munaasib
    appropriate time.

    J-+:1:-1

    ~ nisiib p. '"-:-:!l......i nisaayib in-law,


    relative by marriage.'~ j>.- J '~
    U..l:.&- L>.- nisiibi, rajil binti, ya cindana.
    My son-in-law (my daughter's husband) came to our place. j>.- J '~

    ~j JG.. J ,~\ nisiibi, rajii ixti,


    rayyaal zeen. My brother-in-law {my
    sister's husband) is a good man.

    ~i 'ansab (elat.) 1. (with ,y min)


    more suitable, proper than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most suitable, proper.
    a.._....L:.o munaasaba

    1. suitability,
    appropriateness. 2. (p. -aat) occasion.
    ~L:ll <.,?.h 4)fi haaoi 1-munaasaba on
    this occasion. o~ ~\..:... munaasaba
    saciida happy occasion. ~\.:..J:".

    b-munaasabat on the occasion of.


    ~) ~I.:J:". b-munaasabat tarjiica on

    tUMu

    nsx

    The teacher didn't pass him


    because he had copied from his friend.
    ~

    nasx (v.n.) copying.

    ~ nusxa p. ~ nusax copy.

    !..1-l:.&yr-_;.:ll .:.r-- 4~ 4>....-.; cindak nusxa


    Oaanya min t-tagriir? Do you have
    another copy of the report? ~ ~
    j-..:>~1 nusxa tibg 1-'a~i/ an exact copy
    of the original.
    .JU'i'U nsr

    ,;-J nisir p. J~ nsuur eagle.

    o~

    JUMu nsf
    ~ nisaf (~ yansif) 1. to blow
    up, blast s.th. _,..J,-1 I_,A-i nisfaw 1-jisir.
    They blew up the bridge. 2. to swoop
    down, dive down on. oJ~l -..:a-.; _r-:ll
    n-nisir nisaf 1-/:labaara. The eagle
    swooped down on the sand grouse.
    ~ nasf(v.n.) blowing up, demolish-

    ing.

    JL-.J nassaaf p. -aat tip-truck, dump

    J '-"" u nsl

    Incidentally,

    mita
    when

    did

    carrast?
    you

    get

    nisra p. -aat small piece of meat

    given to an eagle, eagle morsel.

    the occasion of his promotion. ~L:l4

    b-1-munaasaba,

    yinsax) to copy

    ~idiija.

    b-1-munaasaba incidentally, by the


    ~~ _r ~ ,~L:l~

    (b

    (s.th.). ~...~..p ,y ~ ~'j ~ \... v"J.Jl\


    1-mudarris ma najja/:la linna nisax min

    truck.

    way.

    nisax

    J--1..:1 tnaasal VI to reproduce, propagate, multiply. ~.r--!

    J-.-l:;j Jl_r--A)I

    588

    l:fiiraan
    titnaasal
    reproduce rapidly.

    b-surca.

    'atnaasa 1-rnaw(Juuc, bass rna gidart. I


    tried to ignore the matter, but I
    couldn't.

    Mice

    nasi/ offspring, progeny. ~.JJ.


    1......J1
    tahdiid
    n-nasil birth control.
    .....
    .

    .,.1---J

    J~

    ~~ ntisa VIII to be forgotten.


    ~ L__. ~Y""

    hal-li sawweeta rna


    yintisa. What you have done cannot be
    forgotten.

    rnansuul hair that has been

    combed.

    ,. t.JM

    u nsrn

    IJI.:--J nisyaan (v.n. from

    4-i nasrna p. -aat breath of fresh air.


    ~ nasiirn wind, breeze. ~1 ~

    nasiirn 1-ba/:zar sea breeze .


    nasiim /-barr land breeze.

    t.JM

    .:.J1 ~

    ut.JM u nsns
    ..,..~

    nisnaas p.
    long-tailed monkey.

    ~L-.;

    nasaaniis

    l.jt.JMU my
    ~

    nisa, nasa (~ yinsa, yansa) 1.


    to forget. _r.....A;I-1 ~ C. L...:Al1 ~ niseet
    1-m(fiaa~z .fi 1-bafiiz. I forgot the key in
    the office. o_r:l-.1 ~~ ~ ~ Ia tinsa
    oiic 1-l;azza. Don't forget that appointment. 2. (with foiL imperf.) to forget
    to do s.th . .k.j..1 ..}_):.i ~ niseet
    'a(arris 1-xaf{. I forgot to mail the

    JllA

    nisa)

    forgetfulness, oblivion.
    :. . nsb
    .t.JMU

    nisab (~yinsab) (with ~fi)


    to stick, cling, adhere (to).~~
    ~1 ~~ nisbat fiini otic ,:rnuskila.
    That problem stayed with me .
    ~u

    naasab III to cause problems,


    trouble to s.o. ~ . o~ ~1 ~ Ji
    ~G gul-li su IIi tibgaa. Ia tnaasibni.
    Tell me what you want. Don't cause
    me trouble.

    ~L:.i

    tnaasab VI (with 41J wiyya)


    III ...,_.;,li naasab.

    letter.

    nisab (n. of inst.) trouble, annoyance. (prov.) ~ ~ Jl....o y _), l.A~


    bageenaaha tarab $aarat nisab. A
    wolf in sheep's clothing.

    ~ nisba p. -aat problem, difficulty.

    nassa II to make or cause s.o. to


    forget. ~o ;-:1--1 ~~ !.IL-.i jJ1 y. su IIi
    nassaak oiic Hwzza? What made you
    forget that appointment?
    ~L:.i

    tnaasa VI 1. to pretend to have

    forgotten. J JL>- ...;-! '(.r")~ ~ .?~


    .s-" ~ oakkarta b-1-maw(Juuc, bass

    l:zaawal yitnaasaa. I reminded him of


    the subject, but he pretended to have
    2. to ignore, be or
    forgotten it.
    become oblivious to s.th. ~ Jl....:>-

    ~ J..w G ...r-! 't~)I lS""'wi l:zaawalt

    yL-,;,.i nissaab p. ~L:,.j nisaasiib

    arrow. yl___;:.j J '-"',.:; goos w-nissaab


    bow and arrow.

    JJMu

    nSd

    ..l.....!..i nisad (~ yansid) to ask for


    help. ~ G

    l~t

    ida tinsida rna


    yga$$ir. If you ask him for help, he
    won't let you down.
    o...L.!:..;j

    ..L....!:II.J naasad III to appeal to, implore


    s.o. ~ J _,.l:i;L.s:: ~1)1 ..L.!:. Li ...r--})I

    589
    ..:.r---' ~I r-ra'iis naasad li-mwaatniin
    yf:zaafouun cala 1-'amin. The president

    JMJMu
    J--J

    appealed to the citizens to preserve


    peace.

    o.L...!J

    ~-~abaaf:z.

    I get up at six in the


    morning. 2. (with .:.r-- min) to leave.
    o~I ,:.r-- ~ nass min 1-f:zijra. He left
    J
    the room. 3. to stand up. ~I

    nisda p. -aat 1. appeal for help.

    .:r

    nsr

    ~J

    ~ nisar (~yansar) 1. to broadcast, spread around . ..;... ~ ub)'l


    J~ ~\ 1- 'ioaaca nisrat 1- 'axbaar. The
    broadcasting station broadcast the
    news. 2. to publish. yl.:S' .._,..J..U\ _r:.;,
    ...L.:!..l>.- nisar 1-mudarris ktaab yidiid.
    The teacher published a new book.

    l) ~L:JI ifL..i..;... _r:.;, o.J..:_):-1


    1-jariida nisrat 'asaami n-naajif:ziin ji
    li-mtif:zaan. The newspaper printed the
    .:Jl..,;..,.:;:...")fl

    names of those
    examination.
    ~~

    who passed the

    o~ nasra p. -aat publication,


    periodical. ~J o~ nasra rasmiyya
    official publication . .J~i 0_r:.;, nasrat
    'axbaar newscast.
    1 L.::...:.A minsaar p. ~L:.... manaasiir saw.

    naasir (act. part. from

    rammasni s-seex w-nasseet.

    The Shaikh talked to me and I stood


    up.
    ~

    :. nst.
    V"U
    ~ nassat II to invigorate, energize.
    .:JL.___:,)'I ~ ~~ 1-masi ynassit
    1-'insaan. Walking invigorates people.

    ~ tnassat V to be or become
    energetic and strong. ..h...;;..;.:j ~ I~!
    'ioa titmassa titnassat. If you walk
    around, you'll get some energy.

    .b.....!Ji 'ansa{

    ntisar VIII pass. of _r:.;, nisar.

    ~Li

    nass (~ yniss) 1. to get up. ~i

    C WI -=.-.... ds-L..JI 'an iss s-saaca sitt

    2 request for information.

    .JdMu

    nss

    _r.-:, nisar)

    (elat.) 1. (with 0"' min)


    more energetic, active than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most energetic, active.

    J, L.,;.; nasaat energy, vigor.

    ~ nasiit energetic, active. J~l \...2.


    ~ J--l5"' hal-kuuli killis nasiit. This
    coolie is very energetic

    J,.JMu

    nsf

    J-!..i nassaf II (common var. II ....r-:!-

    p. -iin publisher.

    1. published, made public. 2. (p. ~L.


    manaasiir) pamphlet, circular.

    yabbas) to dry, make s.th. dry. J ~


    ..___; J.J~J ~~ ynassfoun s-simac
    w-y$addruuna. They dry the fish and
    export it. ~-41 ~ nassif 'iideenak.

    mintasir (act. part. from VIII


    ~~ ntisar) widespread, current.
    d}._. ~~ J o~ L,.-)-Lll 1-madaaris
    mintasra fi 1-'imaaraat. Schools are all

    Dry your hands.

    over the U.A.E.

    bath and dry yourself with this new

    J~

    mansuur (p.p. from

    _r.-:, nisar)

    tnassaf V to dry oneself. ~


    o~~l 6.......1 _,Ajl~ , o
    J tsabbaf:z
    w-tnassaf b-hal-fuuta 1-yidiida. Take a

    590

    bath towel.

    ~"--!.yaana,Jiib (common var. t.,?}'1

    ~U naasif(common var. JL:.-J;aaf/)

    laatri) lottery.

    dry, not wet. ~_,..)I ~l..i I_,.J.I 1-l;awa


    naasif 1-yoom. The weather is dry
    today. ~l..i ~ )..L.J,\ li-hduum naasfa.
    The clothes are dry.

    J~u nsf
    ~

    nasla cold, catarrh. ~Lp


    d...L..:...; .Jaabata nasla. He caught a cold.

    JL.!..i nassaal p. -iin pickpocket.

    .
    ,. dM u nsm

    ..;~u

    n,Jr

    ni,Jar (~ yun,Jur) to make


    victorious, grant victory to. ~ .11
    !~I 'af!a yun,Jur l-muslimiin! God
    make the Muslims victorious.
    ~I

    Ci~U nsy
    ~

    nassa II to starch (clothes, linen,


    etc.). Jl aQ ;;11 ~ '1 !a tnassi
    1-gum,Jaan. Don't starch the shirts.
    nisa (coli.) starch, corn starch.

    u n,Jb

    ._._.,.,a.j

    counsel s.o. ~~~ }~ Lo ~


    ni,Jal;ta ma ysaajir oall;iin. I advised
    him not to travel now. Lo ~I
    U""L..:.ll J-~ ~~ 'in,Jal;a ma waal;ib
    haoeel n-naas. Advise him not to
    befriend these people.
    na,Jii}Ja p. C:!L,a.; na,Jaayil;
    advice, sincere advice.

    nasmi (adj.) 1. helpful, willing


    J-...L;.;:)I
    to be of service. ,JL..:,. J ._}y
    ~ ~ J t-tindeel xoos rayyaal,
    w-nasmi bacad. The foreman is a good
    person, and he is helpful too. 2. (p.
    :i....ol..:-; nasaama) helpful person.

    ~ t,j&J

    ~ ni,Jal; (~ yin,Jal;) to advise,

    c~u n,JI;

    na,Jiib

    1. share, portion. I~

    ..:_., J ~I ~ ~

    nti,Jar VIII to triumph, be


    victorious. ~~ '-:-' __,.--;- 0 ~~I
    nti,Jarna ji l;arb 1-xaliij. We won the
    Gulf War. J..WI J-:;>:- ~ ~~ ~
    jeessum nti.~ar cafa jees f-cadu. Their
    army triumphed over the enemy's
    army.
    ~

    na,Jir (v.n. from ~ na~ir)


    victory, triumph. ~I .:..r-- _ra.;jl n-na,Jir
    min alta. Victory is from God.

    haaoa na~iibi min


    l- 'ire. This is my share of the inheritance. 2. luck, chance. ~ .J L. ma
    Ia na~iib. He's not lucky. 4-15' ~J.JI
    ~ d-dinya killaha na~iib. Life is
    only a chance. ~) ;;____; jisma

    Christian. ~ lSJL-dl ~ ~ 0
    ~I fii kaniisa l;agg n-na~aara caza
    s-siif. There's a Christian church on

    w-na~iib

    the beach.

    fate and destiny. ~ Jl.p

    Lt y. i ,y ~I l)=:-) ~) $aar jisma


    w-na~iib

    w-xatabna

    l-bint

    min

    'ubuuha. We were lucky and we asked


    the

    girl's father for her hand in

    marnage.

    ~I _rAJ na~raani p. lS ) ...,a..i na~aara

    2. an

    1.

    American or a

    European. dl_ra.;j~ b-n-na~raani

    in

    English. J"l.rJ~ ~) \~ yigra


    w-yiktib b-n-na~raani. He reads and
    writes in English.
    A..:JI~ na~raaniyya Christianity.

    591

    JL..t=il
    nti~ar)

    nti~aar (v.n. from VIII


    p. -aat victory, triumph.

    ~ J~ man~uuri

    p. fro"'\.:...

    ~I

    manaa~iir

    Mansuri tribesman, one belonging to


    the Mansuri tribe.

    '

    ~~u ~~
    ~ na~~ (~ ynu~~) (with~ cala)
    to call for, stipulate, specify. 0jl.A.ll
    ~)-1 ~ ~ ~ 1-gaanuun ynu~~
    ca[a tacliim 1-l:zariim. The law calls for
    the educating of women. ~ 0 j\AJI
    Lolil o~ 0~ rj'i ~i y
    ..;I~
    1-gaanuun ynu~~ ca[a 'inna kill 'aynabi
    laazim ykuun cinda 'igaama. The law
    stipulates that every foreigner must
    have a residence permit.
    ~

    na~~

    p. ,_r>~ nu~uu~ 1. text. 1)1


    0 jl..A.II ~
    'igraa-li na~~ 1-gaanuun.
    Read me the text of the law. 2. wording. ~~ b-n-na~~ verbatim . ..J ~}
    ~~ 0'"j.___s.'il gareet-la 1-'ic[aan
    b-n-na~~- I read him the advertisement
    verbatim.

    ~ nu~~ p. ,_r>L.a.; n~aa~ (less common


    var. ~ na~iifa p . ....A:!l,a.; na~aayif)
    half. r--"' J:J ._,a-i nu~~ dirhim half a
    dirham. ~ nu~~um half of them.
    J.)ll ...rW nu~~ !-!eel midnight. ~WI
    ~) ~ s-saaca xamsa w-nu~~- It's

    5:30. J.Jll ~ ~I ~L.JI ~ iflj


    zaami ybannid s-saaca 8nacas nu~~
    !-!eel. My (work) shift finishes at
    twelve midnight.
    (prov.) yl ~
    ~ nu~~ 1-miya xamsiin. Take it
    easy. (lit., "Half a hundred is fifty.").

    ...i~u n~f
    ~ na~iifa p . ....A:!l,a.; na~aayifhalf (a
    thing, a quantity, etc.) (prov.) LS"""""IJ
    L... ~I raaci n-na#ifa saalim. tlalf
    a loaf is better than none.

    ~ ni~fiyya p. -aat weight, approx.


    25 kilograms = Y2 guuniyya. See ~ _)j
    guuniyya under l.ju.J...S: gwny.

    JL.aJl 'in~aaf(v.n.) justice, fairness.


    ~ mun~if(act. part.) p. -iin 1. fair,

    just. 2. righteous man.

    c .bu

    ntl:z

    ~ nital:z (~yintal:z) to butt. ?.1


    c-cabs nital:z 1-xaruuf The
    ram butted the lamb.
    .__; J.r=:ll ~

    d='L:J

    tnaatal:z VI to butt each other.


    0 _,.,...b4 ._}~I li-kbaas yitnaatl:zuun.
    The rams are butting each other.
    ~ natl:za (n. of inst.) p. -aat butt,
    thrust.

    .; .b u ntr
    ~ nitar (~ yan{ir) to wait for,
    await s.o. \....:,. L... o~J oli ..;k nitarnaa
    w-bacda rna ya. We waited for him ,
    and he hasn't come yet.

    }'Li naa(ir (act. part.) waiting for,


    awaiting s.o. ~)>li ,:)-) 0\... j ,y min
    zamaan w-nil:zin naa(rinnak. We've
    been waiting for you for a long time.

    J.foLi naa(uur P

    ..r.-klj nuwaatiir
    watchman, guard. J-Jll .j J):>li ~
    yistagil naa{uur ji !-lee/. He works as a
    night watchman. 2. scarecrow.~

    ~ J f JS .) _;::--1:.\j tl:za~~il nuwaa{ir ji


    kill mazraca. you will find scarecrows
    in every farm.

    592

    .b .b U n{!
    .b_j na!( (~ ynit() to butt in, jump in.
    ~ L.

    t_,...., _,.1.1 W.

    -~

    'Y Ia tnitt.

    hal-maw(Juuc ma yxu~~ak. Don't butt


    in. This matter doesn't concern you.

    ~ .b

    u ntg
    ~ nitag (~ yan{ig) l. to speak,

    J-15"

    utter. ~ (,?i ~ J~ L. . 0~
    killis tacbaan. ma yigdar yantig 'ayya
    sayy. He's very tired. He can't say
    anything. k.SL...... ..f-) !~I 'intig!
    lees saakit? Speak up! Why are you
    quiet? 2. to pronounce. ~ ~ J..u;
    ~~~ tigdar tantig hac-calma? Can
    you pronounce this word?
    ~ nattag II to make or cause s.o. to

    speak. L..g...L..i1 ---~ JJL.i ~~~ 1-'umm


    tf:zaawil tnattig tiflaha. The mother is
    trying to make her baby talk.
    ~I

    stan{ag X to interrogate,
    question, cross-examine s.o. o~ j
    <li J4b- 2 J.= 'Y a.1 _?I o )j__,:.) zaxxoo
    w-xaooo s-sirta lajil yistantguuna.
    They arrested him and took him to the
    police station in order to interrogate
    him.
    ~ man{ig logic.
    ~ man(iga p.

    J1L:...

    manaa{ig

    ~\ nti(Jar VIII
    under ..; .b u n{r.

    ~ na(Jar l. consideration, examination, contemplation. ..::..-....i ~ --,.lkll


    _,k.JI t-talab f:zaggak taf:zt n-na(Jar. Your
    request is under consideration. ~
    ~t_,......P _,.1.1 ~ _r--kjl ~ mumkin tciid
    n-na(Jar ji 1-maw(Juuc? Will you
    please reconsider the matter? ...::........;i
    _,..1..; ~ ~I W. . J~L.....o 'inta ~aadj.
    hal-ga(Jiyya fiiha na(Jar. You are right.
    This is an unsolved problem. 2.
    eyesight, vision. _r--kjl _r.----.aj ga~iir
    n-na(Jar short-sighted. _,k.JI J-_,1 tawiil
    n-na(Jar far-sighted. 3. opinion, point
    of view. '-? _r----k ~ ji na(Jari in my
    opmwn. ~t_,...o }14. ~ _,k ~)
    su
    wujhat
    na(Jark
    b-hal-maw(Juuc?
    What's
    your opinion about the
    subject?

    o~

    na(Jra (n. of inst.) p. -aat look,


    glance.

    ~_):; na(Jariyya p. -aat

    .; ~ w n(Jr

    1. theory,

    hypothesis. 2. theorem.

    4.):;

    na(Jaariyyan theoretically.

    ,~__,1.;

    JJJ-------' '-:-' )-" LJ

    na(Jariyyaan, 'aana
    muub mas'uul. Theoretically, I'm not
    responsible.

    o).JQ.;

    na(J(Jaara.

    under ~ rP ~

    district, zone.

    = ,.,k nitar. See _;k.;

    See ~ casma

    csm .

    ~ manpar p.

    look into, examine. l) ~ (::1\J _~-..J.I

    _,bL..:.... manaa{Jir 1.
    sight, view. Li~~ lJ o_,_1>- _,bL. ..;, fii
    manaapir hilwa ji blaadna. There are

    ~) t~ }I l-mudiir raayih yanpur

    beautiful sights in our country.

    ji

    scene (of a play).

    ~ ni(Jar (~ yan(Jur) (with l)Ji) to

    l-mawpuuc

    w-ycallimna.

    The

    manager is going to look into the mat-

    ~ ~ manpara p. -aat,

    ter and he will let us know.

    mirror.

    2.

    _);L. manaa{Jir

    593
    J~u n9f

    cleaning agent, cleanser.

    ~ ni9af (~ yin9af) to be or

    become clean. I_,_.A1u _, ~ i _,...LJ.I


    li-hduum
    gasa/ittum w-ni9faw. I
    washed the clothes and they got clean.
    __y~ ~ 1::>1 ~~ ~ L.. y

    .,_.::JI u

    ha8-8oob rna yin9af 'ilia 'ioa gasalta


    b-1-yadd. This dress won't get clean
    unless you wash it by hand.
    ~ na9(Jaf II to clean, make clean,

    cleanse. i ~ JS' o~I ~ tna99if


    1-/:tijra kill yoom. She cleans the room
    every day.~~~..!). pl.l ~
    na99if 1-meez /:taggak gabil-la titfac.
    Clear your desk before you leave.
    ~ tna99af V

    pass. of II ~

    na99af

    Ulla.i na9aafa cleanness, cleanliness,


    neatness.
    (prov.) JL.(''il ,:r Ul.k.JI
    n-na(Jaafa min 1-'iimaan. Cleanliness
    is next to godliness.
    ~ na9iif p. -iin. 1. 0\.k; n(Jaaf
    clean, neat. ~ y .,.._.. '~ _, o_r-d-1
    1-l:zijra wa$xa, muub na(Jiifa. The room
    is dirty, not clean. 2. good, well-taken
    care of. ~ o}:-" sayyaara na(Jiifa
    good car.

    ~i 'an9af (elat.) 1. (with 0" min)


    cleaner, neater than. 2. better, better
    taken care of. 3. (with foil. n.) the
    cleanest, neatest. 4. the best.

    ~~u n9m
    ~ na9(Jam

    II 1. to arrange, organize, put in order . ...::..>L:lkJI JI}JI ~


    ~~I ~ na99am 1-karraani
    t-talabaat l:zasb 1-'asbagiyya. The clerk
    arranged the applications according to
    the date received. 4-i.r- ~ ~
    binti na(J(Jamat /:tijratta. My daughter
    straightened her room. 2. to regulate,
    adjust. (,?lll c..S .fi ~ ...;J)I \..i_., haaoa
    1-wilf yna(J(Jim majra 1-maay. This
    valve regulates the flow of water.
    ~ tna(J(Jam
    na(J(Jam.

    pass. of II ~

    ~I nti(Jam VIII to be or become


    well organized, well arranged. ~I
    .L..:.J..?:. ~..l.o I~ L.r.,-J ~I nti(Jam
    s-sugul teen cayyanaw mudiir yidiid.
    The work became well-organized
    when they appointed a new manager.
    .:.r-j ~ o_r-:l\...t. hal-/:tijra minta(Jma
    zeen. This room is very well-arranged.

    ~LI=.J ni(Jaam 1. regular arrangement,


    order. 2. system. ~I i\.k; ni(Jaam
    1-/:zukum the system of government.

    ~'Ua.i ni(Jaami 1. systematic, orderly.


    2. regular. I$"L.l:z.j ~ jee ni9aami
    regular army.

    ~ tan(Jiim (v.n. from II ~


    na(J(Jam) 1. arrangement. 2. control.

    ~ muna9{Jif(act. part. from II ......Ji;

    JJ.r-11 ~ tan9iim 1-muruur traffic

    1. (p. -iin) janitor, sweeper.


    _r..--.AJ-1 ~ _, ~ ~L...JI l>.- .....Lk.J.I
    l-muna9{Jif ya s-saaca xams w-na(J(Jaf
    1-/:tafiiz. The janitor came at five and
    cleaned the office.
    2. (p. -aat)

    control. 3. regulation, adjustment.

    na99af)

    ~WI nti9aam (v.n. from VIII ~~


    nti9am) regularity, orderliness. ilk:;~
    b-nti9aam (adv.) regularly, in an
    orderly manner, normally.

    594

    Lo
    man{Juuma p. -aat poem in
    literary Arabic.

    beautifully.

    uw

    naccaasa p. -aa female dancer


    (girl who dances in the manner
    described above, under ._;..A> nica.f).

    r--6

    ~ mna{J{Jam (p.p. from II


    na{J{Jam) 1. well arranged, ordered,

    tidy.
    2. regular. ~ ~ geer
    mna9{Jam irregular.
    ~ muna{J{Jma p. -aat organization.
    ~ ~ muna9{Jamata fatiiJ the

    P.L.O.

    [t.u

    ncj

    ncy.

    t. U ncs
    ~

    nicis (~ yincas) to be sleepy,


    drowsy . ..G) ~i -~ nicist. 'abga
    'argid. I've gotten sleepy. I want to go
    to bed.
    ~

    naccas II to cause to be sleepy,


    drowsy. ~ W~l u hal-'ugniya
    tnaccis. This song makes one drowsy.
    ~

    nacas (v.n.) sleepiness, drowsi-

    ness . ._:_,..GJ) ~\ ~ ~ tgallab


    calayya n-nacas w-ragatt. Drowsiness
    overcame me and I fell asleep.
    !Jl-..IU nacsaan sleepy, drowsy.

    '~t.u
    .

    u=u t.u

    J--sU

    nica (~ yincis) to refresh,


    invigorate. .:Jl-.:.'1 ~ ;) JWI u
    hal-baarid yincis 1-'insaan. This soft
    drink refreshes people.

    female dancers began to dance.


    nicii special kind of female

    ~j

    l5'-:;

    nica above).

    han-naccaasaat yanciin

    to be refreshed,

    nacas p. J' yU ncuus, _;~.A, ncaa


    coffin. L. ~ ._;..A> .j ~) -=-).\ ~
    ci.J.j ngassil 1-mayyit w-nl:zutta fi naca
    gabil-ma nidifna. We wash the dead
    person and put him in a coffin before
    we bury him.

    JitLitjl

    'incaas recovery. _;,~.A,'il o.f"'>"


    /:zijrat 1-'incaaS: the recovery room (in a
    hospital). (,P~I _;,L.....ul 'incaas
    gti.~aadi economic boom.
    ~

    muncis (act. part. from ~


    nicaS) invigorating, refreshing. l_rkl

    i _r.:-11 ~ 1-hawa muncis 1-yoom. The

    nicas (~ yancis) to dance,


    moving the hair left and right in a
    rhythmic motion. ~ L.r"lj ._:_,L.::,Wi
    n-naccaasaat gaaman yanciin. The

    dance (see

    VIII

    weather is invigorating today. ;) }-)\


    ~ l-baarid muncis. A soft drink is
    refreshing.

    nfiCaS:

    invigorated. ~\) ~\ CJJ ruu~


    isbal:z w-nfiCiS. Go take a shower and
    refresh yourself.

    ncs

    These

    nc

    ~I

    ~ nacja. See~ ncaya under l.j tu

    I.)Al

    'I'

    ._:_,L____;:,Wi

    killis zeen.

    female dancers dance very

    J tu

    net
    ~ naca[ p.

    J _yU ncuul pair of sandals.

    ~tu ncm
    ~ nicim (~ yincam)

    to be or become
    fine, powdery. ).-S"i ~ L. ~~ u.
    hal-heel rna yincam 'akBar. This
    cardamom cannot be made finer.

    595

    naccam

    II to powder,

    grind.~

    ~i o~I nacc;m li-ghawa 'ak(}ar.

    Make the coffee beans finer.


    ~i 'ancam IV (of God) 1. (with~
    cala) to be bountiful to s.o., to bestow
    favors upon s.o. \..:.# ~i ~I !~ J...J-1
    1-/:zamdu lil-laah! 'alia 'ancam caleena.
    Praise be to God! God was good to us.
    God made our life comfortable. 2.
    (with ~ cala andy b-) to give s.o.
    s.th. _r--:l~ ~ ~i ~\ 'alta 'ancam
    caleehum b-1-xeer. God made them
    wealthy. ..LJy. ~ ~i ~I 'alta
    'ancam caleehum b-walad. They were
    blessed with a baby boy.
    ~

    tnaccam V 1. to live in luxury,


    lead a life of comfort and ease. ~
    ~~ cj mitnaccmiin fi /:layaattum.
    They're living in luxury. 2. (withy
    b-) to enjoy s.th. ~ J ~ y [_).J
    ..:.;.r--1 ':1 H ~~ ruu/:1 twannas
    w-tnaccam b-/:layaatak gabil-la tmuut.
    Go have a good time and enjoy your
    life before you pass away.
    ~

    nacam (common var. ~l 'ii) 1. yes!


    _}--->-..01 -.::...;- .J '~ nacam, ribt d-dax:tar.
    Yes, I went to the doctor. !~ ~l 'ii
    nacam! Yes, indeed! Certainly! 2.
    (asking the speaker to repeat) yes? I
    beg your pardon! What did you say?
    .!,.l.;_rP ~) ~ ~ nacam? 'irfac ~ootak.
    Yes? Speak louder.
    ~ nicma

    p. ~ nicam I. b~essing,
    grace, benefaction. ~ f.?llt. !Ail J...J-1
    ~I .:.;-- 1-J;.amdu lil-laah! haaoi nicma
    min a{{a. Praise be to God! This is a
    blessing from God. 2. good food.
    a..-i .~ !~ J..J.-1 1-J;.amdu lil-laah!
    sibict. nicma. Praise be to God! I'm

    full. This is good food. 4.u Lll 'ibin


    nicma man from a wealthy family. f.
    6......u ~ bini nicma.

    tow nacaama p. -aat ostrich.


    ~

    naciim comfort, ease.

    cj

    ~\s.

    r---*"" cj o_r.?) caayis fi naciim w-geera


    ji ja/:liim. He's living very comfortably
    and others are having a bad time.
    ~I ..:.;\..:.:.,. jannaat n-naciim paradise.
    ~

    niciim (adj.)

    1. fine, powdery.

    _?.-;. Sakar niCiim fine SUgar.

    2.

    soft. ~ .r.JI u hal-bazz niciim. This


    cloth is soft.

    ~i 'ancam (elat.) I. (with ..:r' min)


    softer than.
    2. (with foil. n.) the
    softest.

    t I utu

    ncnc

    t_ I.....:.N

    nicnaac (coli.) 1. mint.


    peppermint, mint candy .

    li tu

    2.

    ncy

    ~ ncaya

    p. -aat, C. L.u ncaay ewe,


    female sheep. ~I ~~ ._r.5J1 c-cab
    oakar li-ncaya. The ram is the male of
    the ewe. (prov.) .:.;-- ~ill ~ ~l
    !~~\ ..bl_,...o 'iis cala o-oiib min praat
    li-ncaya? I (lit., "What harm can the
    fart of a ewe do to a wolf?!") A drop
    in the bucket.

    f" li tu ncym
    ~ nceem: ~

    Jl

    'aal nceem AlNeem, the ruling family of Ajman.


    ~

    nceemi Neemi, one of the ruling


    family of Ajman.

    Jtu

    ngl

    j..A;

    naga{ p.

    J_,....;u nguu!, J\.;U ngaal

    596

    bastard, illegitimate child. L.r-11 j-AJI


    !j-iJI n-naga! 'ibn n-naga{! (abusive
    term) son of a bitch! (prov.) L. Jll
    ~ oy.i ~elk. 'illi mayit[ac ca[a
    'ubuu naga{. (derog.) Like father like
    son.

    manfuux. The tire is inflated. 2.


    puffed up, conceited. W. t~
    ~~~ lees manfuux has-saki/? Why
    are you so puffed up?

    ._;.. .)

    jJu nfo
    naffao II 1. to do, perform,
    discharge. ol:!l ~ .J~ Jll ~ ynaffio
    illi tgul-la-yyaa. He does what you
    tell him to do. 2.to carry out, execute
    (a sentence). _JLA.ll t;, il~';l ~ IJ..i...ii
    ~I V"""'"i naffoaw bukm l-'icdaamfi
    l-gaatil 'ams l-fajir. They carried out
    the death sentence on the killer
    yesterday at daybreak.
    ..LQj

    ~Ju nj8

    wl.Q.j

    naffaa(:)a : :Glii ;; } . .), tayyaara

    naffaa(:)a jet airplane.

    tJu

    nfx

    ~ nifax (~ yanfix) l. to inflate, fill

    with air. ~I LJ j J u~y.:ll L>....ii


    nifaxna t-tyuubaat w-nizalna l-babar.
    We inflated the tubes and went down
    to the sea. 2. (with J.y ca[a) to blow
    on. breathe on. j>:-':} JS'~I J.y ~
    ;) ~ nifaxt ca[a l-'akil lajil yabrid. I
    blew on the food so it would get cool.
    ~I

    pass. of~ nifax.


    ~ L. ~I LA. .r-1.; taayir has-seekal
    rna yintifix. This bicycle tire cannot be
    inflated.

    ntifax

    VIII

    t Ui

    nfaax (v.n. from ~ nifax) 1.


    inflating, blowing up, filling with air.
    2. swelling (e.g., ofthe stomach).

    a._,..\..Q.j naffaaxa p. -aat balloon. J~l


    [i ... cyaa!
    yabuun
    ..;_,L__.,:. \Aj 0 ~
    children want
    naffaaxaat.
    The
    balloons.

    t}Li naafuux top ofthe head.

    t l..A.:.A

    minfaax p. ~L...o manaafix 1.


    bellows. ;)I..L..J-1 L..___i:.... minfaax

    l-baddaad the blacksmith's bellows.


    2. air pump, tire pump.

    tP manfuux (p.p. from~ nifax)

    1.
    inflated, blown up. t~ _;.l::JI t-taayir

    .L.Q.:j tnaffao

    V pass. of II

    ..i.....i..i

    naffao

    1. to be carried out, executed. ~


    bukm l-'icdaam tnaffao
    fi i. The death sentence has been
    carried out on him. 2. to carry out, do.
    ..:_,..i__.i:j ~~ .r"l}
    kill 'awaamir
    s-seex tnaffaoat. All the Shaikh's
    orders have been carried out.
    ~ .l....A.:.; il~';l

    JS

    ~ tanfiiO (v.n. from II ..i.....i..i naffao) 1.

    carrying out, execution (of orders,


    etc.). 2. doing, performing.
    ~~

    _;J U

    nufuuo authority, influence.

    nfr

    ~ nafar p. J\...iji 'anfaar, -aat person,


    individual. Jl_.iji ~ o).~.....J1 0 JIS
    caan fi s-sayyaara xamsat 'anfaar.
    There were five people in the car. \...!.
    ~ J\...iji ~ ~ 0 )-~...JI has-sayyaara
    tsill xamsat 'anfaar bass. This car
    carries five people only.

    oJ}Li

    naafuura p. ~'f nawaafiir


    fountain.

    597

    ~~u nfs
    ~

    naffas

    II to leak, let out air. l.J>

    o,b:.L_; ,..,J ') . v____.i_;_,


    - . ..1- LJ I

    II

    _}--!

    hat-taayir ynaffis. laazirn taaxoa 'ubu


    1-bansar. This tire is leaking. You
    have to take it to the tire repairman.
    ~U

    naafas III to compete, vie, fight


    with s.o . .J.>.L. h.,? _,j L....:..A.:.- ;;J_p:ll 0:!)
    <L....-!~ J~ fariig 1-kuura l:zaggana
    gawi; rnal:z/:zad yigdar ynaafsa. Our
    soccer team is strong; no other team
    can compete with it.
    ~

    tna.ffas V to breathe, inhale and


    exhale. ~ ~ ~ \~ L..... rna
    yitnaffas; yarnkin yrnuut. He's not
    breathing; he might die.
    ~W

    tnaafas VI to compete with


    each other. ~ ._,-!L.:;' ;;J.rSJI J ~
    Ll)-.)1 firag 1-kuura titnaqfas cafa
    1-bu{uula. The soccer teams are
    competing for the championship.
    ~ nafs p. ~i 'anfus, ...r'_,A:> nufuus.
    1. self, personal identity. ~i ~
    .!..I~IJ nafsi 'ayi wiyyaak. I like to come
    with you. ~ ~ ~I ctirnid cafa
    nafsak. Depend on yourself. ~ J l>.yaani b-nafsa. He personally came to
    me. 2. (with foil. n.) the same. ~
    ~~ nafs s-sayy the same thing.~
    -_)I nafs li-bnayya the same girl. 3.
    human being, soul, person. ~..UI l)
    ~ J .,..).- fi 1-madiina malyoon nafs.
    There are a million people in the city.
    v ~I ;; r-1.:> daayrat n-nufuus the
    census bureau.
    ~ nafsi psychological, mental. 4.!\..:.~ l:zaala nafsiyya psychological

    condition.

    ~ nafas p . ...r'\Aji 'anfaas l. breath.


    2. puff (from a pipe, a cigarette, etc.)

    L-.A.i nafsa p. -aat, ~lj nawaa.fis


    woman in childbed.
    nafsaani: JL......A.i
    nafsaani psychiatrist.
    ~L....A.i

    ]---:>'-.:>

    daxtar

    ...r'l....Qj nfaas period of confinement for


    childbirth.
    ~L:..o

    rnnaafis p. -iin competitor, rival

    ~~u nft
    ~

    nifas (~ yan.fis) to ruffle its


    feathers (bird), puff up. ~J ~ _r-k.ll
    t-teer nifas riisa. The bird ruffled its
    feathers.

    II to fluff, make fluffy.


    JL..b.AJI 1-gaf!aan naffas
    lana l-gutun. The cotton dealer fluffed
    the cotton for us.

    naffas

    .:_r-hAJI U

    J-.-iU

    J.A:J tnaffas V pass. of II ~ naffas.


    ,J _Q; na.fiis (coil.) popcorm.
    ~J~

    manfuus (p.p. of~ nifaS) I.


    puffed up, ruffled.
    2. disheveled
    (hair) . ._}~ ~ y.i 'ub sacar rnanfuus
    one with disheveled hair.

    .b J U nft
    ...6.......A.i naft petroleum, oil. .h.._.ij dS" ~
    sarikat naft petroleum company .

    t Ju

    nje

    ~ nifac (~ yinjac) to be useful,

    beneficial, of use to. ~ L. i..:U,


    y.--...aJI 'il .!..U L..... J.)-.ILJ. J haaoa rna
    yinfack w-hal-hiin ma-lak 'ilia ~-~abir.
    This is not useful to you, and now you
    have nothing to do except to be
    patient. ~ L. ~~ u hal-bah ma

    598

    'i J U n.fy

    yinfac. This talk is useless.


    ~~

    nt(fac

    VIII to benefit, profit,


    gain. t.J?I t.,. ,y ~I ..b-L. maMad
    ntifac min ha/-masruuc. No one
    benefited from this project.

    W:.o manjaca (v.n.


    ~\.:....

    from~

    nifac) p.
    manaafic benefit, profit, gain.

    ~i 'anfac (elat.) I. (with ,y min)


    more useful, beneficial than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most useful, beneficial.
    ~U

    naafic (act. part. from~ nifac)


    beneficial, useful, profitable.

    ~Ju nfg
    J9U naafag III to be hypocritical,
    feign honesty. _;..S'i ~4 ..b- i ~ L.
    ~ ma cift 'a!J,ad ynaafig 'ak8ar
    minnak. I haven't seen anyone who is
    more hypocritical than you are.
    ~ nafag p. JL.,d 'anfaag
    underground passageway.

    tunnel,

    nafaga p. -aat I. expense. 1..1"J...\j


    L....::.U.i ~ nidris cafa nafgatna. We are
    studying at our expense. d.....A.A..i ~
    d....-o
    cafa nafgat l-IJ,ukuuma at the
    2. alimony.
    government expense.
    6......W U ~..ti ij~ -~ tallagitta.
    laazim tidfac /aha nafaga. You
    divorced her. You have to pay alimony
    to her. 3. child support.
    i..A.Qj

    p1

    J LQ; nifaag hypocrisy.

    J!L.:.o

    munaafig (act. part. from III ._;jli


    naafag) p. -iin hypocrite.

    JJuJu nfnwf
    J ~ nafnuuf

    p. ....A::-iLA; nafaaniif
    (woman's) ornamented dress (esp. one
    made from delicate material).

    nifa (~yanfi) I. to deny. o)j_,ll


    p-J:ll ...:..-..A.i i-wazaara nifat 1-xabar. The
    ministry denied the news item. 2. to
    exile, banish. o~ of..?" Jl o~ nafoo
    'i/a yiziira baciida. They exiled him to
    a distant island.

    ._}W naafa

    to contradict, be
    contrary to. ~I l)~ d ~~ 'illi
    gilta ynaafi 1-IJ,agiiga. What you have
    said is contradicted by the facts.
    III

    ._}L;;; tnaafa III (with ~~J wiyya or C::


    mac) = _;li naafa III. ~I ~IJ .}4
    yitnaafa wiyya 1-IJ,agiiga.
    contradicted with the facts.
    ~

    It is

    manfa p. l)G manaafi place of

    exile.
    ~ manfi (p.p. from ~ nifa)

    having been denied,

    rejected.

    1.

    ;:--J-1

    J...S'

    ~l.f.-1
    l) ~ 1-xabar manfi fi kill
    1-jaraayid. The news item has been
    denied in all the newspapers. 2. (p.
    -yyiin) having been exiled, banished.
    ~ _r:..>- ~ manfi casar siniin. He's
    been living in exile for ten years.

    ~Ju nqb
    ~\..Qj

    naqaaba p. -aat union, guild,


    association. ~~ ~lAi naqaabat
    1-mucalfimiin the teachers' union. 4.;\..ii
    LJ:.-~1 naqaabat 1-muhaamiin the bar
    association.

    J~u ngd

    ..Lai naggad II to pay or give money to


    s.o. ~ J;:, ._A....li L::.WI IJ...l..A.i naggdaw
    n-naccaasa 'alf dirhim. They gave one
    thousand dirhams to the (female)
    dancer.

    599

    ntigad VIII to cntlctze, find


    fault with. ..!.1-4; .J...A:;I ,~i ..J.A.:.;.j L.. ~
    gabil-ma tintagid 'a!Jad, ntagid nafsak
    Before you criticize anyone, criticize
    yourself. ~ <,>i ~ ..L...>-1}1 ~
    yintagid 1-waa/Jid cafa 'ayya sayy. He
    criticizes people for anything.
    J.....Q;:jl

    ..I...Al nagd cash, ready money. 4.....-.... y


    JJ..Lll ...L.A..:.ll mu'assasat n-nagd d-dawli
    the International Monetary Fund.

    ..J~U ngr
    _}; nigar (_;A:.!.yangur) 1. to peck, peck
    up. y ~I ~ .J_,.b.JI t-tuyuur tangur
    li-IJbuub. The birds are pecking the
    grains. 2. to peck at s.o. <~.:...o y _;:; 1.:.1
    !.1 ~ 'ioa tgarrib minna yangurk. If
    you get close to it, it will peck at you.
    _}; naggar II to peck repeatedly.
    JL.i.:.a mingaar p.

    _;;LJ manaagiir beak,

    bill (of a bird).


    j~u ngz

    j--Ai nigaz (_;-.A.;,! yangiz) to leap, jump


    unexpectedly. (prov.) yi..L..ll ......_;,..r.:. ,y
    J-.)-1 .y A man ca(J(Ja d-daab yangiz
    min 1-/Jabi/. Once bitten twice shy.
    JM~u ng
    ~

    niga (~ yangus) to engrave,


    carve, chisel. .r-=J-.1 ~ "-...C"'I l_,....:il
    n/:litaw 'asma cafa 1-hiyar. They
    engraved his name on the rock.
    III 1. to argue with. 'i
    Ia tnaagis
    t-tindeel, tara yfannisk. Don't argue
    with the foreman or else he'lllay you
    off. 2. (with y b-) to discuss s.th.
    with s.o. t.,...a _,114-1 ~1..;i ~i 'abga
    JJU naagas

    ~ tS _,...;

    ,J-o..dl _;.;G

    'anaagisk b-ha/-maw(Juuc. I would like


    to discuss this topic with you.

    .}JW tnaagas VI to discuss, argue


    s.th. with each other. t.,...a }4 \..:...!,j\.;j
    ,:.r-d ~ J.--.5' ~.> J tnaagasna
    b-1-maw{Juuc w-oal!Jiin kill saw zeen.
    We discussed the topic with each other
    and now everything is fine.
    ~

    nags (v.n. from ._;...;.:, nigaS)


    engraving, inscription. 0_,.:.All .:.r .._;.Ajl
    ~I n-nags min li-.fnuun 1-yimii/a.
    Engraving is one of the fine arts.
    J-Ul naggaas p. -iin 1. engraver. 2.
    sculptor.

    a....!JL:.A munaagasa (v.n. from III ._;JI..;


    naagaS) l. discussion. 2. argument.

    ~~u ng$
    ~ niga$ (~ yangu$)
    l. to
    decrease, diminish, become less.
    ~L:ll l) ~ <,>Ll.l t..S_r---- mustawa
    l-maay niga$ ji t-taanki. The level of
    water decreased in the reservoir . ........, p
    /~ ....._;'} ~ fluusa tangu$ /inna
    ygaamir. His money dwindles because
    he gambles. 2. to be lacking in s.th.,
    to be missing, needing s.th. j5" <,.>~
    ~ ~ L.. . ~ cindi kill seyy. ma
    yangu$ni sayy. I have everything. I am
    not lacking anything. 3. to be lacking,
    insufficient, deficient. A
    ~\.J j)~'l
    ._:r--:!..1>.-IJ .._,.L.i y ....._;'} 1-'aki/ raayi/:1
    yangu$ linna fii naas waaydiin. The
    food isn't going to be enough because
    there are many people.

    ~ nagga$

    II 1. to reduce, lower,
    curtail. ..~>.-IJ <,>_r..;.i _,.....JI ~ bl 'ioa
    tnaggi$ s-sicir 'astiri waayid. If you

    600
    reduce the price, I'll buy a lot. 2. to
    decrease, diminish. J.Ji ...__;,L...,. I~
    r-"' J;:) nagga$aW macaasa 'alf dirhim.
    They decreased his salary by one
    thousand dirhams.
    ~I

    stanga$ X to consider s.th.


    i 1~1
    insufficient, deficient. 0 a
    ~ J ~\ 'ioa tistangi$ l-kammiyya
    rajjicha. If you consider the amount
    insufficient, return it.
    L.,dL;.o munaaga$a p. -aat invitation

    for bids on a contract.


    ~i 'anga$ (elat.) I. (with if min)
    more lacking, deficient, etc. than. 2.
    (with foiL n.) the most lacking,
    deficient, etc.
    ~U naagi$
    1. (act. part. from~
    niga$) having decreased. <.,?Lli r.S ..f--"
    ~l.....i ~L.::ll l) mustawa l-maay ji
    t-taanki naagi$. The level of water in
    2.
    the reservoir has decreased.
    deficient, lacking, insufficient. lJ>
    ~l.....i J j_,_ll hal-wazin naagi$. This
    weight is less than it should be. ~
    ~l.....i /:taCi naagi$ insulting words,
    insult.

    .b~u ngt
    ..6....1; naggat

    II to drip, fall in drops.


    ~ ~L.:.ll l) <.,?UI 1-maay ji t-taanki
    ynaggi{. The water in the reservoir is
    dripping. <.,?L_. ~ ~L.:JI t-taanki
    ynaggit maay. This reservoir is
    dripping water.
    ~ nigta p. ...b...A.i nigat 1. drop (of a

    liquid). _r>: ,:,;--- ~ nigta min ba/:tar


    drop in the ocean. 2. point, mark.
    ~ ~

    J..=- \.:A:) fariigna ba$$al

    xamsiin nig{a. Our team got fifty


    points. 3. period, full stop. 4. small
    amount. -:.r.,;~ .<.,?\... ;;.kA.; ~ catna
    nigtat maay. catsaaniin. Give us a
    little water. We are thirsty.
    t~u ngc
    ~

    1. to soak. ~I
    ~ L. ~ <.,?\... l) ~I 'ingac n-naxxi
    ji maay gabil-ma tgalii. Soak the
    chickpeas in water before you boil
    them. 2. (v.i.) to become thoroughly
    soaked. ~ .._.. ).JJ.) 6.5"pJI l) ..,...1 tabb
    ji l-birca w-hduuma nigcat. He fell in
    the pool and his clothes became
    thoroughly soaked.

    nigac

    c}J naggac
    ~

    (~yingac)

    II intens. of c3' nigac.

    tnaggac V pass. of II c3' naggac.

    mistangac p. -aat swamp.

    J~u ngl
    ~ nigal (~ yangul)

    1. to move,
    transport, transmit. <~.il.ol.... jS"' ~ nigal
    kill saamaana. He moved all his
    things. ~ J ~~I ~ ~I .:.r-- man illi
    yangul 1-'axbaar? Who is transmitting
    the news items? 2. to transfer, translocate. J;;:JI JA.i -Y....dl t-tindee! nigal
    1-kuuli. The foreman transferred the
    coolie. 3. to copy. ~~ <.,?~ ~~
    'ungul haaoi $-$afo.a. Copy this page.
    J~ 'jl

    0 (?--' J-ii

    ~I .rJ" huwa lli

    nigal minnifi li-mtibaan. He's the one


    who copied from me during the

    examination.
    4. to broadcast. W.b
    L,..J..i o')lp J fo daayman yanguluun
    $alaat 1-yimca. They always broadcast
    the Friday (noon) prayer. 5. to spread,
    communicate (a disease). ~~I

    601

    .j:>~~ 1-bagg yangu/


    Mosquitoes spread diseases.

    J.Al naggal

    II intens. of JA.i niga/.

    J-4.:1

    tnaggal V to move from one


    place to another, travel around, roam .

    ~ l.c.b . ....1.:>-IJ Jl5:.. l) ~ J~ \... rna


    yigdar yagctd ji rnukaan waa~id.
    daayrnan yitnaggal. He can't stay in
    one place. He always moves from one
    place to another. <..,~-:) J ~ y. 0"::/ ~
    yitnagga/ been bu 9abi w-dbayy. He
    travels between Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
    pJI l) ~ !..? J--WI /i-bdiwi yitnagga/ ji
    /-barr. Bedouins move about the
    desert.
    ~~ ntiga/

    VIII 1. to move, change


    residence. 4.>.- JUJI Jl Lli.:;l ntigalna
    'ila s-saarja. We move to Sharja. 2.
    pass. of j..A.; nigal. 4Lll Jl ~~ ntiga/
    'ila 1-rnaa/iyya. He was transferred to
    the finance department.
    3. to be
    communicated, spread. ~ J:>l..r"i ~
    l_,b~ fii 'arnraa9 tintagil b-1-hawa.
    There are diseases that are spread by
    a1r.

    J....ao::.o rnitnaggil

    I. (act. part. from V


    ~ tnaggal) roving, roaming,
    migrant. 2. mobile. 4.lA..:..:.. o;)l~ ctyaada
    rnitnaggla mobile clinic.
    ,.~

    u ngrn
    ~~

    ntigarn VIII (with .y min) to &et


    revenge on, avenge oneself. ~ .iill
    !~ 'a!!a yintagim rninnak! God get
    revenge on you!
    ~1.-A::il ntigaarn (v.n. from VIII ~I
    ntigarn) vengeance, revenge.
    ~U

    angry, indignant at or about. i..?J:)I \...


    e:--P_,.II W. ~ ~l..i ~ rna dri lees
    naagirn cafa hal-wa9ic. I don't know
    why he's disgusted by this situation.

    l-rnara9.

    naagirn (with ~ cafa) disgusted,

    '/~U ngy
    ~~

    stanga X to pick out, choose.


    ~ ~~ ~I stanga lli yabgii. He
    picked what he liked. l) ~ J..lZ \...
    JLS'..lll L..J. rna tigdar tistangi ji
    had-dikkaan. You can't pick and
    choose at this store.
    ~du nkb

    ~ nikab (~ yankub) to cause


    great suffering, to make miserable, to
    afflict. ._.,..L:JI ~ y )-1 !-~arb tankub
    n-naas. War causes people great
    suffering.

    ~I ntikab

    VIII

    pass. of~

    nikab.

    ~ nakba p. -aat calamity, disaster,


    catastrophe.
    Y ~ mankuub (p.p.

    from ~
    nikab) p. -iin victim (of a disaster).
    y _rll ~~ mankuubiin /-~arb the
    war victims.

    udu

    nkt

    .:-5J

    nakkat

    II I. to crack jokes, be
    witty. -=--~ ~b daayrnan ynakkit. He
    always tells jokes. 2. (with ~ ca_fa)
    to poke fun at s. o., ridicule s.o. \..;:_\.;)
    _r-..-.-..-.i;ll l) ~ J ~ daayrnan
    ynakktuun cafee fi l-~afiiz. They
    always poke fun at him in the office.

    ~ nukta p. ~ nukat joke, witty


    remark. ~ ~L.,., ~aa~ib nukta s.o.
    who makes many jokes.

    602

    J~

    '-"" ~ u nks

    J~u nkd

    ~ nakkad II

    ~ nakkas

    (with
    cafa) to
    make things difficult or miserable for
    s.o. ~ ~ ~ nakkad cafee ciista.
    He made life miserable for him. J:-.)
    ~ ~ ~ ~ lee tnakkid cafa
    halak? Why do you make life difficult
    for your family?

    II to fly at half-mast,
    lower at half-mast. ~I...L>- i"j..,y'JI I~
    .:.Uil ~ nakksaw fi-cfaam bdaad cafa

    1-malik. They flew the flags at halfmast declaring (a period of) mourning
    for the king.

    ~I ntikas VIII 1. pass. of~


    nikas. 2. to suffer a relapse. ~
    j--:!~ ~I ...,..---! -
    i ~ibbta
    tbassanat bass ntikas bacdeen. His
    health improved but he had a relapse
    later on.

    J...5.J

    nakad (v.n.) trouble, misery.


    .J....S:j ~ ~ 4LS"' ~ ciista killaha
    nakad fi nakad. His life is a multitude
    of troubles.

    ~ mnakkid (act. part. from II ~


    nakkad) making things miserable or
    hard. ~ L# J..S:.:.. ./~J ~
    yiskar w-ygaamir. mnakkid cafeena
    ciisanta. He drinks and gambles. He's
    making our life miserable.
    .;~

    u nkr
    nikar (~ yinkir) to deny, renege.
    ii..U ~ j..S ~ & ,t,>~IJ ~ ~
    ~L:ll yibta yishad wiyyaay, laakinna
    nikar kill sayy jiddaam 1-baakim. I
    brought him to testify for me, but he
    denied everything before the judge.

    .f.;

    ~~ stankar

    X to denounce,

    ..;.;L..._;")W\ ~ IJ~I
    protest.
    stankaraw gate f-cafaagaat. They

    denounced the breaking of relations.

    ~~~ nukraan (v.n. from ~ nikar)


    denial. ~I .J\_,...s:; nukraan l-jamiil
    ingratitude.

    naakir (act. part. from~ nikar)


    p. -iin denying, disavowing. ~I _?li
    naakir l-jamiil ungrateful.

    j'U

    ~ munkar p. -aat forbidden or


    reprehensible action.

    L..5:.i naksa p. -aat relapse.


    I)~

    u nkh
    ~ nakha p. -aat aroma, scent, smell.

    J J u nll
    jJ nail p. -aat faucet.

    '.; f> u nmr


    ~ nimir p.
    leopard.

    o.Jyi nmuura 1. tiger. 2.

    r
    .; f> u nmr
    ~ nammar II to number, assign
    number to. ~~~ ~ ..;,;~\)
    nammar !-talabaat ~wsab l- 'asbagiyya.
    He
    numbered
    the applications
    according to the date received.

    oj. numra p. j~ 'inmar number.

    J f> u nml
    J-' namil

    (coli.) ants s. -a p. -aat. ~~

    ~I 'umm n-namil Kuwaiti island.


    ~ y~wlib n-namla. (He's so
    stingy that) he would milk an ant. He s
    a scrooge.
    d._LJ\

    603

    u.J f" u nmwn

    '.?J4 zaam nahaari daytime shift.


    ~J4-i .........., J...l.A madrasa nahaariyya day
    school.
    (prov.) J:ll~J ~L.u:- J4JI;
    ~U>- b-n-nahaar camaayim w-b-1-leel
    xamaayim. Fair without and foul
    within.

    L~ namuuna p. ~U namaayin
    sample, specimen. 4.....i .J Li JJ warrna
    namuuna. Show us a sample. u ,y
    4.i _,....jl min han-namuuna of this kind.

    l.j f" u nmy


    ~ tanmiya 1. development. J J...L:....,.:>

    ,j I) u nhz
    __;....e.:.il ntihaz
    VIII to seize, take
    advantage of. ~ [_JJJ ~ _,..JI WI
    ~ ntahiz l-fur$a w-ruuf:z sa/lim cafee.
    Seize the opportunity and go greet
    him.

    $anduug t-tanmiya the


    development fund. 2. raising, boost.
    jl_,_..~l ..fJJ ~
    tanmiyat ruus
    1-'amwaal the raising of capital. 3.
    cultivation, breeding (of plants).
    "----:-"".;.;..J-JI

    ~I)

    u nhb
    ~

    ':fjlf:jl ntihaazi p. -yyiin opportunist.


    nihab

    (~

    yinhab) 1. to rob.
    .:WI I~ J \Jb yaw w-nhabaw !-bank.
    They came and robbed the bank. 2. to
    steal, plunder. ~~ ..f__rL JS \ri
    nhabaw kill jluus !-bank. They stole
    all the money of the bank.

    l)u

    nihag (~yinhag) to bray. JLJ-1


    li-f:zmaar yinhag
    ncaan juucaan. A donkey brays if it's
    hungry.
    Jl....>:- y. Jl..S"' J\ ~

    J I) u nhl

    nahab (v.n.) 1. robbing, robbery.


    2. stealing. J..__r;.,..~ ...,a....JI J jJ~ J ~
    ~ l..ia. ('"""'J~ ybWuun darzan 1-bee(J
    b-cisriin dirhim. haa(Ja nahab. They
    sell a dozen eggs for twenty dirhams.
    This is stealing.
    [I)

    J+o

    manhal p. _y.L. manaahil watering place, spring. J---+ll ~ ga$r


    1-manhal
    Al-Manhal
    Palace
    (presidential palace in Abu Dhabi).

    f" I)

    u nhm
    ~ nahma p. -aat song sung by a

    u nhj

    ~~ nahhaam p. -a singer, entertainer

    on a ship, esp. during the pearling


    season. ..:_.jl__. r~l ~ sag/at
    n-nahhaam maatat. The work of a
    nahhaam is gone.

    u nhr
    _AJ nahar p. J4-il nhaar river.

    J4

    nahaar p. -aat daytime, the


    daylight hours. J4JI l} iflj zaamifi
    n-nahaar. I work a daytime shift. [.f.
    J4JI bur) n-nahaar Burj an-Nahar (old
    military fort in Dubai).

    '-:?J4i nahaari (adj.) day, daytime. rlj

    r4-i

    nahhaam on a ship.

    manhaj p. C:"'L..:..,. manaahi.j


    program of study, curriculum.
    ~

    ..) I)

    nhg

    t.j I)

    u nhy
    ~

    niha (~ yanhi) to tell s.o. not to


    ( f ~4-i '.? y.i .~ (,>..l.a.
    do s.th.
    ~~~ f.$L h~aoi galtati. 'ubuuy
    nahaani can kill haaoi 1- 'asya. This is

    JS

    604
    Abdalla represented me. .._,.., y ~...L:..:ll
    ~~.._,..,~if i_r-ll
    t-tindeel muub
    hni 1-yoom. man ynuub canna? The
    foreman isn't here today. Who is
    going to substitute for him?

    my mistake. My father told me not to


    do any of these things.

    .:.r

    ~i 'anha IV to finish, terminate.


    <~........:..o...L>- lrii 'anhaw xidimta. They
    terminated his service. o....;:......L>- ~i
    o)L>....:ll 0 ~ CIJJ 'anha xidimta
    w-raa(1
    yistagil ji t-tijaara. He
    resigned and went to work in business.

    ~ ~ nawwab
    representative,

    II to appoint s.o. as
    agent, or substitute.
    ~ r.j}l . _,. , y ~~ s-seex nawwab
    1-waziir canna. The Shaikh appointed
    the minister to represent him.

    ~~ ntiha VIII 1. to come to an end,


    to be finished, terminated, concluded.
    ~ ~L..JI ~ y...:JI s-sugul yintahi
    s-saaca 8inteen. The work ends at two
    o'clock. r.-...,e..;.....
    ... ) ~
    ... ,-~1
    ___...,...- ...:.Jl__jyW\
    f-cafaagaat ntihat beena w-beenhum.
    The relations are all over between us
    and them. 2. (with if min) to be or
    become finished with, be through with
    s.th. .._,..,L...::(JI ~ ~I ntiheet min
    li-ktaab. I'm finished with the book.

    L!l::-i niyaaba (v.n. from

    1..:--!.\......j naayib p . .._,..,ly nuwwaab


    1.
    representative
    (congressman)
    m
    parliament. ....,..,l_,_jl ~ majlis
    n-nuwwaab house of representatives.
    2. vice-, deputy. ~)I "-:-:!Li naayib
    r-ra'iis the vice-president. ..r.j}l ~l;
    naayib 1-waziir the deputy minister.

    d.:~

    nihaayat 1-geet) the end of summer. 0


    4.:4-Jiji n-nihaaya finally, at last, in the
    end. o.)4-=JI ~ J ~ ~4-JI 0 ji
    n-nihaaya nija~ w-(wssal s-sahaada.
    Finally, he passed and obtained the
    certificate.

    ,.,r..Y

    nuubi p. J~j nuubaan Nubian


    (adj. and n.). J~_,JI ~ J ragsat
    n-nuubaan the Nubian dance.

    wI c; c; ~ w nhyyaan
    ~~ nhayyaan: J~

    JT 'aal nhayyaan

    Al-Nhayan (the ruling family in Abu


    Dhabi).
    ~,JW nwb

    C.JW

    nwb
    (._,...; nuub Noah. CY ~ safiinat
    nuub Noah's Ark.

    jt.Jw

    naab (.._,.., _f'!. ynuub) (with .y- can)


    to represent, act as representative for,
    substitute for s.o. L-..:>.. '11 -::.> ~ L..
    ~ .._,..,L; ~~~ .v--i rna bit)art
    li-jtimaac 'ams. cabda!!a naab canni. I
    ~U

    didn't attend the meeting yesterday.

    naab)

    representation, substitution. .:_r>- "--!~


    niyaaba can, ~ ~Y~ b-n-niyaaba
    can in place of, instead of. L... J--)
    ~~ ;;,___,y~ CJ~ lees rna truu~
    b-n-niyaaba canni? Why don't you go
    in my place?

    ~lfi nihaaya p. -aat I. end.

    .._,..,L;

    nwxo

    ;.L,;. y nooxaoa p . .i..:>.lj nuwaaxio,

    o.i..:>.lj nuwaaxoa captain of a sailing

    vessel. (prov.) ~ ..r- J ~ J-.b:. j


    nooxaoeen ytabbguun markab. Too
    many cooks spoil the broth.

    605

    1-'ajlaam illi tl)ibbha? What kind of


    films do you like? t._,..:ll U. .:..r-- min
    han-nooc of this kind, similar to this.

    ..J.JU nwr
    JU naar p. 01~ niiraan l. fire.~
    JL.\1 sabbeena n-naar. We started the
    fire. JL..; ..:.>JL....:> ~~~ Jl......\'11-'ascaar
    oal/:zin ,<;aarat naar. Prices nowadays
    have become unbearable. 2. hell. Jll
    JLJI o~ ~ 'illi yiskar ma$ifra
    n-naar. He who drinks will go to hell.
    r-+"' J\.i naar jahannam hellfire. }.:ll ii
    'umm
    n-naar
    Umm
    al-Nar
    (archeological site in Abu Dhabi). 3.
    gunfire.

    IJJU naari fiery, fire-. ~J\.i yl..Ji


    'afcaab naariyya fireworks. ~J\.i o..,...Li
    'asli/:za naariyya firearms.

    ~j

    nawciyya p. -aat quality. ~ j


    nawciyyat 1-bipaaca zeena.
    The quality of the merchandise is
    good.
    ~j ~~\

    ~.JU nwg
    Ul..i naaga p. J~ nyaag, -aat female
    camel. (prov.) ~lll ~I a:;\.; l:r jaza
    naagat 1-/:zajj o-oab/:z. He repaid evil
    with good.

    J.Ju nwl

    J_,_;

    JY nuur light, illumination. ~I JY


    nuur s-sams sunlight. J\...:S JY nuur
    kassaaf searchlight.

    nool rent money. ~.b:. J Jj L:...j~


    difacna nool w-xaoeena
    1-markab. We paid the rent and took
    the boat.

    J_J-l

    JJY nuuroo dim. of.; JY nuura Nora.

    ~)1

    oJl.:.o manama p. -aat lighthouse.


    oJJL;.o mnaawara
    maneuver.

    p. -aat (mil.)

    .1:, .J u nwt

    J, _,..; noot p. -aat, ..b~! 'inwa( bank


    note, bill. ~ J~ ~! y.i ..b j noot 'ubu
    'imyat dirhim hundred-dirham bill.

    t.J U nwc

    t_.J-i

    nawwac II to make different,


    diversity. y\1~ t..r--ii p..>-..UI J Ju
    gal-li d-daxtar 'anawwtc b-1-'akil. The
    doctor told me to eat different kinds of
    foods.
    t~ tnawwac V pass. of II t.~
    nawwac.

    t_.J-i

    nooc p. t.l_,...;l nwaac kind, sort,


    type. ~~ Jll i'.>U\11 t..f y su nooc

    II

    to rent, hire. L.l j


    ~~ ~~ J ~r nawwalna markab
    w-dasseena 1-babar. We rented a boat
    and sailed.

    nawwal

    f.J

    u nwm
    ~U naam.

    See ..UJ rigadunder .J~.J

    rgd.
    ~L:.a manaam sleep.

    (prov.) ..:r-J ..:r-)

    J----.-S- _,J ~ 0;-!JI) <~....ol.. ~ ..w.j _,J


    0 y.L..a., ;-zeen zeenin Ia gicad min

    manaama w-s-seen seenin lo gassal


    b-$aabuun. A leopard cannot change
    his spots.

    LW.I 1-manaama 1. Manama (capital


    of Bahrain).
    Ajman).

    2. Manama (town in

    ~ys tanwiim : ~G.... ~_fJ tanwiim

    magnaatiisi hypnosis, hypnotism.


    ~.J---*0

    mnawwim

    1. (adj.) sleep-

    606
    inducing. ~ ~ IJ.:l duwa mnawwin
    soporific, somnifacient. 2. (p. -iin):
    ~\.:.A.. ~ ~ mnawwim magnaatiisi
    hypnotist.

    u.Ju

    nwn

    0 j nuun name of the letter 0 n.

    He chopped the piece of wood with a


    hatchet. 2. to plane (wood).

    .J(.j u nyr

    o.Ji neera p. -aat gold coin.


    uI (j'J 'i u nysaan
    01.-.:i niisaan April.

    (.j.Jun~
    loS~

    nuwa (<.j~yanwi) to intend to do


    s.th., have s.th. in mind.
    ~ _,....,i <$ _yi
    0L..,4..J ~ 'anwi 'a$UUm kill sahar
    rum{Jaan. I intend to fast the whole
    month of Ramadan. ~ <$ _fJ t.
    o~~ ~ ...:..> ~ 1-bukuuma tanwi
    tabni byuut sacbiyya yidiida. The
    government plans to build new low
    income houses.

    u~(ju nysn
    ~ neesan (..:.r _.! yneesin) l. to aim,
    point. ....,.., ..;---PI) ~ neesin w-iprib.
    Aim and shoot. 2. (with,}>- cata) to
    aim, take aim at s.o. or s.th. ~ i j'i
    .._,; ~ '1 ~ ~~ ~ /aazim tneesin
    cafa s-sayy gab il-Ia ta{Jrib. You have
    to aim at the thing before you fire.

    J5'

    p1

    w~

    loS~ nuwa (coli.) 1. date pits. 2. fruit


    kernels, stones. s. olj -aa.

    Y(S U nyb

    .._k.JI n-niil, j...:JI A

    nahr n-niil the

    Nile.

    J 'i U nyl
    ll:i niila bluing.
    ~ niiili: loon niili light blue color.

    'f> .. u nym
    (S

    ~ nayyam

    naab p. .._,;l:-i nyaab, .._,; ~ nyuub


    1. eyetooth. 2. fang.

    }.- niyar (~yanyir) 1. to chop, hew


    (wood). ~ J..L4J~ ): niyar b-1-jadduum.

    niyaasiin)
    l.J, ~

    'Jt.i u nyl

    ~U

    '.J(.j u nyr

    ~~

    0W1

    ba$$alt han-niisaan min


    1-madrasa 1-barbiyya. I got this medal
    from the military school. 2. aim.
    LA.l,b, ~.ro) 0~ ~.b:. xaoeet
    niisaan w-9irabt taiga. I took aim and
    fired one shot.

    'asliba nawawiyya nuclear weapons.

    month ofRamadan. ~\..;\.:IJ _j. ~ .:...U \....


    ma-lak niyya tyi wiyyaana? Don't you
    intend to come with us? ~I ~ busn
    n-niyya good intention, good will. \Au
    WI ~ gaal-ha b-busun niyya. He
    said it with good intentions.

    l. (p.

    6........... J..lll ~

    ~_)-1

    4# J_J--J nawawi nuclear. ~JY :i.>..l....i


    L_:.i niyya p. l:lj nawaaya intention,
    intent, purpose. ~ JS i J-""'i ~
    0L.....,a.... J niyyati 'a$UUm ki/1 sahar
    rum{Jaan. I intend to fast the whole

    niisaan

    medal.

    II

    if nawwam II.

    See

    II ~f nawwam under ~ J unwm.


    r

    f>Ci U nym
    niyma, niima p. i .J: nyuum star.
    ~~ W.. niymat 1-gubSa the morning

    607

    star.

    'i'i U

    nyy

    4.:i niyya.

    See under 'i .J u nwy.

    II

    h-

    ha- (with foll. article prefix Ji /- and


    noun) this, ..I..A.lll..2. hal-gadd this much.
    y:::_;J1L2> has-sikil (adv.) in this manner
    this way. ~IL2> ~ .U ..:....J:; git-l~
    yagcid has-sikil. I told him to sit down
    like
    this. i~ ~ll..2. hal-ayyaam
    nowadays, these days. Li~~ J ~ \...
    i~ ~ll..2. _;:-A; ma fii fi blaadn~ fagiir
    hal-ayyaam. There are no poor people
    in our country these days.
    .A

    'I .,... haa


    I..Jb haa (inter.) 1. well! well then! !L2>
    Y~ ~ haa! s-tabi bacad? Well!
    What else do you want? _r:;.. !~ L2>
    YJ_,.....z haa yuba! su tguul? Well,
    father! What do you think? 2. yes. L2>
    ~ lii haa 'aana hni. Yes, I'm here. 3.
    (expresses surprise or amazement) oh?
    really? YL:!J~ L.. J ..U J ~\....>.. ! U> haa!
    yaabat walad w-ma dareena? Oh? She
    had a baby boy and we didn't know?

    "I .,... haa


    I..Jb haa-: !.1\A haak, fern. haac, p. ~lA
    haakum here, here you are. if _,1JI !.\lA
    haak li-jluus. Here's the money. ,!.\lA
    oJ..,.:.i haak, ixoi. Here, take it.
    '1"111

    haaoa li-ktaab zeen. This


    book is good. ..r-j .._,.,L;S"' i..U. haaoa
    ktaab zeen. This is a good book. J-:U.
    J 4 haoeel cyaafi. These are my
    children. JL. t..,?JJ. haaoi maali. This is
    mme. ~ t..,?i.....rt. haaoi lie. This is for
    you.

    ..r-j ....,A..:SJI

    haa
    lA haa name of the letter J> h.

    j 111 haao

    I..L.A haaoa f. '-?~ haaoi p. j-!..U,


    haoeel, J )~ haoool, J )~ oool, 'J )~
    ooola, ~~ oeela this, this one. i..U,

    u..; Ill

    haarn

    0) I..Jb haaran p. 0 ) r hawaarin, -aat


    car horn. ! 0 JUI J..L__; ':} la ddigg
    l-haaran! Don't sound the hom of
    your car!
    ~Ill

    haas

    ._,..lA haas p. -aat heart (playing card).

    JIll haaf
    JI..Jb haaf p. -aat under short . ..:.-,_r.-;1
    ..:..>UL2> ~ stireet xams haafaat. I
    bought five pairs of shorts.

    uI f" Ill

    haamaan

    0 LolA haamaan man's name known in

    the proverb J _,...>-} ~ JL..IA ~ ca[a

    haamaan ya far coon. You cannot fool


    me. You cannot pull the wool over my
    eyes.

    ..; .J f" Ill haamwr


    JYI....Al haamuur (coli.) groupers. s. -a

    p. -aat, _;;--Air hawaamiir. (prov.) ._P


    ~WI

    0 ~G.-

    J.Yu\ miBl l-haamuur

    jaalis ji l-baaba. A dog in the manger.


    (lit. "Like groupers sitting in the
    entrance to the fishing trap.").

    609

    ..

    uu~

    )~\ stihtaar (v.n.) recklessness,


    thoughtlessness.

    hbb

    habb (~ yhibb) to flow.~


    ~)I habb r-rii/:z. The wind blew.
    (prov.) ~ .J~i ~~ ~ 1~1 'ioa
    habbat hbuubak 'aoir canha. Get out
    of harm's way. ~.J ~ habb rii/:z. p.
    ~.J y ~ hbuub riil:z daring and
    courageous man. (:-!.J ~ ~gee$
    habb riil:z daring and courageous pearl
    diver.
    Jlo:"~

    mistahtir (act. part.) heedless,


    reckless.
    [[~

    hajj (~ yihijj) to run away,


    escape. ~
    _rjl JW. ~ leen caaf
    s-sir(i hajj. When he saw the policeman, he ran away. o:;,~ ,y ~hajj min
    blaada. He escaped from his country.

    hbd

    hibad (~yhabid) to knock out,


    throw s.o. to the ground. ~~IJ o~
    ...}:>.J ~~ ~
    hbada w-o-oarba
    {ayyal:zata 1-'ar(J. He hit him and the
    blow caused him to fall down.

    habur (coli.) boneless meat


    (usually with no fat in it). s. -a p. -aat.
    p--A

    JMI.:"~ hbs
    ~

    hibas (~ yhabis) to eat


    ravenously. ~ U'"! .~\..h.. _,1:; ga{u
    mataabix. bass yhabiS. He has a
    bottomless belly. (lit., "He's a cat of
    kitchens."). He just eats ravenously.

    J ~.:"~

    hbl

    habal p. J~ hiblaan dim-witted,


    weak-minded. .J..L...A.i L.o \}~ y .)'--"
    ~ ~ muub habal; ma tigdar
    ti(JI:zac cafee. He's not dim-witted. You
    can't fool him.
    .;~ ~

    htr

    ..J+-"1 stahtar X (withy b-) to have


    little respect for, make light of s.th. ~
    J jLA.l~ ~ Ia listahtir b-1-gaanuun.
    Don't have little respect for the law.

    J:-

    ~ hajjaj II to drive away, cause


    s.o. to flee.~ ~ J44jl ~ ~ _rll
    Ll"L:JI l-l:zarr hni fi l-gee(J yhajjij bac(J
    n-naas. Hot weather here in the
    summer drives some people away.

    .; 1.:" ~ hbr

    hjj

    '.;[

    hjr

    hijar (.r"'"+! yhajir) to abandon,


    leave behind. .......:.. .r- ~ .~ ~~...,........
    ul,:s:- J l:zaraam calee. hijar l:zurumta
    w-cyaafa.
    Shame on him. He
    abandoned his wife and kids.

    .r.-LA haajar III to emigrate. Ll"L..;


    ~.r'i J---->- J J?-4 ..:_r-:!..l.>.-IJ naas
    waaydiin yhaajruun l:zagg 'amriika.
    Many people emigrate to America.

    o~ hijra (v.n. from III _r:-~ haajar)


    emigration, exodus. o~I 1-hijra the
    Hegira
    (Prophet
    Muhammad's
    emigration from Mecca to Medina).
    o~I ~ ~ yoom 1-hijra on the day of
    emigration, esp. from Palestine. o_r:c-1b
    .J~\ hijrat t-tuyuur the migration of
    birds .
    1.$~

    hijri (adj.) pertaining to


    Muhammad's emigration. ~_r:c-lb L...
    sana hijriyya year of the Muslim era,
    dating from Muhammad's emigration.

    610
    ~

    mahjar 1. place of emigration.


    2. refuge.

    hadaf He moved in on him, took the


    ball away from him and scored a goal.

    ftlf.o muhaajir p. -iin 1. emigrant. 2.


    immigrant.
    3. refugee. J-...r""Lfll
    .:,r_ _6 1.;11 /i-mhaajriin l-fala~tiiniyyiin
    the Palestinian refugees.

    ~~

    hujuum (v.n. from~ hijam)


    1. attack, charge, assault. ~ Jl..S'
    L:!.lll ~ i y..Jt> caan jii hujuum ca[a
    1-madiina. There was an attack on the
    city.
    2. forward line, forward
    positions (in soccer, etc.) i ~ ~
    ~ yifcab hujuum yimiin. He plays
    (forward) right-in. J~ i ~ hujuum
    yisaar left-in.

    )~

    mahjuur (p.p. from ..f"'"-'1' hijar)


    abandoned. oJ~ .1-~ camaayir
    abandoned
    buildings,
    mahjuura
    condemned buildings.
    "..) [ o h.yr

    ~4o

    mhaajim (act. part. fr?m III


    r-"'~ haajam) 1. attacker, assailant. 2.
    forward (in soccer, etc.)

    ~..:?ftlA

    haajri p . ..f"'"-'1' hajar one belonging to the tribe of .i""lybll-hawaajir or


    .i""~ ~$'! bani haajir.

    I.:?ftUI 1-haajri Gulf Arabic family

    u[O hjn
    IJ~

    hajjaan p. -a (mounted) camel


    rider who patrols the desert.

    name.
    f.)t'J [

    o hjs

    UJO

    d _r.l.A haajuus p. ~l_y:. hawaajis,


    V"""!""lr hawaajiis anxiety, apprehension.
    ~[O hjm
    ~

    hijam (~ yhajim) (with~


    cala) I. (v.t.) to attack, assault.
    ~_;JI ~ ~ 1-jeei hijam cala
    1-garya. The army attacked the village.
    t"L# ~ ~ I~ hjamaw caleena
    bass galabnaahum. They attacked us
    but we defeated them. 2. (v.i.) to be
    destroyed, ruined. ~ ~ hijam
    beeta. His house was destroyed.
    ~LA

    .1

    haajam III I. to attack, assault.


    ~I ~L... U y?.-~ haajmoona saact
    s-subh. They attacked us early in the
    morning. 2. to move in on, pounce
    upon. ...J...LG~ ~) d,;... .; J~ 1 .b:- J ...r,~
    haajma w-xao 1-kuura minna w-sajjal

    hdb

    y..L...A hidb p. ...,.A.ul hdaab, y J...L..A


    hduub eyelash. W_,k YJ y Y J...L..A
    ~)
    hduub cyuunha tawiila
    w-yimiila. Her eyelashes are long and
    beautiful.
    \J JO

    hdd

    hadd (~yhidd) I. to throw away,


    discard s.th. o....l..A> .~ L. ~ IL
    haaoa sayy ma yinfack. hidda. This is
    something that is worthless to you.
    Throw it away. (prov.) L. .P-- y}
    _r--1JI o...L..A> loo fii xeer ma hadda !-teer.
    It's a worthless thing. (lit., "If it had
    been of any value, the bird wouldn't
    have discarded it."). 2. to leave, quit
    s.th. 6...:-iG' .;..r.b c_IJJ ~ .J.;.,.;, ..u. hadd
    sugla hni w-raa/:1. daayra eaanya. He
    left his work here and went to another
    department. ~ c_IJJ d.....-...J..LI.I..u
    ...L.al

    611

    demolish, destroy. .r-~1 ...:....,....u. ~..1.4)1


    ~..l.ill 1-baladiyya hidmat 1-camaayir
    1-gadiima. The municipality tore down
    the old buildings.

    hadd 1-madrasa w-raah yistagil. He


    dropped out of school and went to
    work.
    3. to release, set free, tum
    loose. oy.~l Lo ~ o)..u. haddoo
    cugub-ma stajwaboo. They released
    him after they had interrogated him.
    ,;.;-kJI ~..u. haddeet t-teer. I set the
    bird free. ~..b:- WI ...::..>..U haddat
    li-bnayya jadiilatta. The girl let her
    braid down.

    ~..I.Al

    ~4 thaddam
    haddam.

    haddad II to threaten . ..:;.... ..r .:...u.


    J'Y-kl~ haddad ~wrumta b-t-talaag. He
    threatened his wife with a divorce.
    J:Al~ ~.:...u. haddadni b-1-gatil. He
    threatened me with death.

    I' J J

    I)

    hidim garment, item of clothing.


    p. i J..u. hudum clothes .

    nhadd VII pass. of ..u. hadd.

    ~I..L..A

    haddaam destructive . ...::..>\JL.........';.


    0\..U. sicaaraat haddaama destructive
    slogans. ;;,__.\..u. <.?.:>~ mabaadi
    haddaama destructive ideology.

    hdd

    IJLo..I.Al hadmaan p. -iin

    hdr

    I)

    Jj)

    hdf

    J..L..A hadaf p. jl..ui 'ahdaaf I.


    purpose, aim, goal. <.?iS <..f""'! ~~
    j...L...ol> J J~ caayi.\: bass Cioi b-duun
    hadaf He's living just like that,
    without purpose. 2. goal (in sports)
    ~..u. ~ sajjal hadafeen. He scored
    two goals. 3. target. ,y j..Jl,\ .._,..,L,o
    ~ . wab 1-hadafmin baciid. He hit the
    target from a far distance.

    uJ

    I)

    hdn

    LJA hudna p. -aat, J..u. hudan truce,


    armistice.
    J

    I)

    I)

    hdhd

    ..L...AJA

    hidhid p. ...LJ>I..U. hadaahid

    hoopoe.

    Ji..L....A~ haddaaf p. -iin sharpshooter,

    {j J I J I) hdaawy

    good shot (esp. in soccer and other


    sports).

    ~ JI..I.Al

    f" J I) hdm
    ~JA

    hidam (r~ yhadim) to tear down,

    I. dizzy. 2 .

    seasick. c..fD J c..fD CJT- JLS' JI...UI


    JLo..u. ...::..> ~ l.ii) d-daaw caanyruul)
    Cioi w-Cioi w-aana ~irt hadmaan. The
    boat was moving this way and that
    way, and I became seasick.

    .1-..I.Al hidiir grunt, sound of a camel.

    pass. of V i..u

    ~.l.Jl

    ~1..\.Al hdaad: ,:,\..Jl,\ rtei 'ayyaam li-hdaad


    the days when camels are in heat.
    .; J

    ~-41 nhidam VII to collapse, fall


    down . . _,. , y 4------L...i J~ ...::....,..~\ oJ~I
    j-:!j fi-cmaara nhidmat li'an 'asaassa
    muub zeen. The building collapsed
    because its foundation wasn't good.

    ~.l.Jl

    ..~.fil

    haddam II intens. of i..u. hidam.

    hidaawi p. -yya bodyguard, esp.


    one for the Shaikh or the Emir.

    'i J~

    hdy

    t..>J....A hida (<.?~ yhadi) 1. to lead s.o.

    612
    \

    on the right path. ~-4:! 41 .IJI.f- l.(J~


    ~~ .!l ~J daayman sakraan. 'alfa
    yhadii w-yitrik s-sikir. He's always
    drunk. Hopefully God will guide him
    and he will give up drinking. 2. to
    give as a gift. oJ~ JI..U. ~~ s-seex
    hadaani sayyaara. The Shaikh gave
    me a car as a gift.

    yharrib muxaddiraat. They executed


    him because he was smuggling drugs.
    ~ .J"'i1 tharrab V 1. (with ,y min) to
    dodge, evade . . . .,. . ~ ..L.>-IJ ~J ~i \...
    ~ JJ---11 .:r" ma 'abga wala waa/:lid
    yitharrab min 1-mas'uuliyya. I don't
    want anyone to dodge responsibility.
    yl_rl:-1 .:r- . . .,. . ri r If"! o\JL si'alnaa
    bass huwa tharrab min 1-jawaab. We
    asked him, but he evaded the answer.
    2. pass. of II y /b harrah.

    ~JA

    hadiyya p. ~l..u. hadaaya gift,


    present. 4. 0:->- _;; ~..u. ..!.U c.$~
    cindii-lic hadiyya tifra/:liin biiha. I
    have a gift for you that will make you
    happy. ~~ ~..u. hadiyyat f-ciid the
    feast present. ~')L..J.I ~ ~..u. hadiyyat
    cud 1-miilaad the Christmas present,
    the birthday present.

    (,j

    J I> hdy

    4j.J...A hidi ( l..lf:! yihda) to calm down,


    become calm. l..u.l If! ~~ ~i ._;...,)
    ~_,_.....::. lees inta ca.~abi? bass ihda
    swayya. Why are you nervous? You
    just calm down a little.
    ~J-Ib

    ~)LA

    haarib 1. (p. -iin) fugitive,


    runaway. 2. (adj.) fleeing, on the run.

    mharrib (act. part. from II~/'


    harrah) smuggler.
    IJM ..J 1> hrs
    ~,;A

    hariisa 1. dish of meat and


    wheat.
    2. sweet pastry made of
    semolina and sugar.

    J.JJ 1> hrwl

    JJr

    harwal (J)~yharwil) to jog,


    trot. ~I ..? rY- y IJ) )A-! J'lj ~
    fii naas yhariwluun kill yoom caza
    s-siif. There are people who jog every
    day on the beach.

    huud (v.n.) quietnes, calmness.

    b-huud quietly.

    4j~

    hadi (adj.) p. -yyiin quiet


    (person). ~~ u----;. .<.f.J....A J~ J
    rayyaal hadi. yarmis b-swed. He's a
    quiet man. He speaks quietly and
    slowly.

    ''-:'J.

    hizab (y ~ yhazib) to call s.o.


    bad names. U"'l.:JI ii..G ~/' hizabni
    jiddaam n-naas. He called me bad
    names in front of the people.

    1-haadi the Pacific Ocean.


    howl

    JJ.iA haoool. See under .j 1o haao.

    '-:'J 1>

    hrb

    hzb

    ~ _j-1&

    4j~U haadi: c.f~UI ~~ 1-mu/:liit

    JJ jo

    1>

    '-:'.; 1>

    hzb

    ~ _j-1& hazzab.

    II

    t) wallam II and jJ

    ~..;-A harrah II to smuggle . .t,':} oy.J.s.

    barraz II are more common. See under

    ul)..lS y ~ 1,)\..5' CjdmOO linna Caan

    ~J.J wlm and,j.J":' brz, respectively.

    613
    ~
    .).)

    .,:, r.JM ~ hst

    hzz
    j-A hazz (ftl yhizz) I. to rock, jolt (to
    and fro) . ...G.r. j:..-l' ~J;tS:.ll ...;..y. ~\11
    4J,Ak /- 'umm hazzat 1-kaaruuka /ajil
    yargid tif/aha. The mother rocked the
    cradle so that her baby might fall
    asleep.
    2. to shake, jiggle. A l'
    o~~ Ia thizz li-syara. Don't shake
    the tree. 3. to shake, jiggle . ........,,J y.
    hazz raasa. He shook his head. oJ~l
    o.JL-....ll ...;:... j-----A !-tayyaara hazzat
    li-cmaara. The plane shook the
    building.
    ~~

    nhazz VII pass. of y. hazz.

    ~ hast (invar.) there is, there are.


    neg . ._;.....:,.. Lorna miis there isn't, there
    aren't. ..:.--Jto o_,....; gahwa hast, ....:..-...t.
    o~ hast gahwa. There's coffee.
    ,.~~

    ~ hi(Jam (~Y,_ha(iim) to digest.

    ..:r-j J:YI ~ \... JS"l'l V. hal-'aki/ rna


    yha(ima 1-batin zeen. The stomach
    cannot digest this food very well.
    ~1

    VII

    pass. of

    ..... ..... ~ hff

    htazzat fi-cmaara. The


    building shook. ....J _,..;l-1 .:r- ..r---"1 htazz
    min 1-xoof He trembled with fear.

    ~ haff (.....A.+.!yhifj) to blow or move


    air with a fan . ..:r-j I_,J.I ~ \... 6...411 V.
    hal-mhaffa rna thiff 1-hawa zeen. This
    fan doesn't blow air well.

    oj-A

    4....At-

    o;L...JI...;:... ?1

    hazza (n. of inst.) p. -aat tremor,


    shake. ~) ojA hazza 'ar(iiyya = Jl) j
    zilzaal earthquake.
    hzl

    JJ-A

    hazali comical, fmmy. '-::-1 y. ~~JJ


    riwaaya hazaliyya comedy. J_;.....ol> j!.(
    muma()()i/ hazali comedian.

    f".i ~

    nhi(iam

    hi(Jam.

    pi htazz VIII (v.i.) to shake, tremble.

    J.i ~

    h(Jm

    hzm

    r.J--A hizam

    (~ ..;-+.! yhazim) to defeat,


    vanquish.
    oJ~l J ~L___;_.. y.
    hizamnaahum ji 1-kuura. We defeated
    them in soccer.

    r~~

    nhizam VII 1. to be vanquished,


    defeated. u .rJ.I ~~ J ~ ~ ~~
    nhizam jeesum ji oiic 1-macraka.
    Their army was defeated in that battle.
    l. 11 ._j~ <.J:'
    I
    2. to run away, f1 ee . ....s-f'""'
    ~ -*' leen caaf s-sirti nhizam. When he
    saw the policeman, he ran away.

    mhaffa p. -aat hand fan made


    from tree leaves. ~~ ~ mhaffat
    n-nabi butterfly.

    'J ~

    hi

    j-A hal inter. par


    or-no question. ~~ ~..U.I J---"'
    hal-mudiir hni? Is the manager here?

    YJ~ hi

    JI.A (ha- plus article prefix). See ...Jb ha


    under o h-.
    I J ~ hlaa
    '":J..A hala! Welcome! !~ "'}VJ> ha/a biik!
    Welcome to you! !~ r J "')..J. hala
    w-marhaba! You are welcome (to our
    place, here, etc.)

    to!.IJ ~ hlk
    cl...lA hilak

    (~

    yhalik)

    I. (v.i.) to

    614
    die, perish. )-1 ,y ~ ~IJ raay/:liin
    nhalik min 1-harr. We're going to die
    from the heat. JA--!.ll ,y ~ hilakt
    min s-sugul. I'm dead tired from work.
    2. (v.t.) to ruin, annihilate. ~I ~
    hilakni 1-masi. Walking ruin~d me~
    ~.11~- ,\ stahlak

    2. crescent, half-moon. ? \II j')l.J.I


    l-hilaa/1-'abmar the Red Crescent.

    JJ o

    _,...lA haluw hello, hi.

    ~.,

    hm
    ('-" hum p. of y. huwa I. they (m.)
    (less common var. ~ humma, r-"'i
    'uhum). 2. (suff. to n.) their.
    cyaalhum their kids. 3. (suff. to v. or
    part.) them. t""~ cataahum. He gave
    them. t""41J wiyyaahum with them.

    rAY

    stahlak)

    J J.,

    ~.,

    hmb
    ~

    hamba (coil.) mangoes. s. ~


    hambaa. ~ JK' ~~ l-hamba killis
    tayba. Mangoes are very delicious.

    hll

    J...A

    hall (~ yhill) 1. to appear, come


    up. J~l jJo hall 1-hilaal. The new
    moon appeared. _;111 jA halll-mu{ar.
    Rain fell. 2. to begin.. 0~ J k jA
    r~ rj'i hal sahar rum!)aan. /aazim
    n~uum. The month of Ramadan began.
    We have to fast.

    Ji' hal/a/

    II 1. to chant 1'1 'il .Jl 'J Ia


    'i/aaha 'ilia !laah. There is no God but
    He.
    2. to rejoice, shout with joy.
    1_,..w, J I~ J ..U J t""G,. yaahum walad
    w-hallalaw w-tabblaw. They had a
    baby boy and they rejoiced and beat

    [~0 hmj
    ~

    hamaji
    1. (adj.) savage,
    barbaric. 2. (p. -;yiin, ~ hamaj)
    barbarian.

    ~o

    ~~.,

    /aazim ccuuf 1-hilaal. If you want to


    know the beginning of the Hegira
    month, you have to see the new moon.

    hms

    him as (~ yhamis) to whisper.


    J~~ ~ himas b-ioni. He whispered
    m my ear.

    I. new moon. ~ 1~1


    ~ rj'i c.?.rJ.I ~I J} j ~

    i0a bageef (Carf 'awwaf S-Sahar f-hijri

    name of the letter

    ', the glottal stop.

    J~ hilaal
    1

    hmz

    o~ hamza p. aat

    the drums.

    j')UI j

    _,..L.

    haluw /:lamad. ceef baalak?


    Hello, Hamad. How are you? !~ p
    haluw biik! You are welcome (here).
    Nice meeting you .

    ~~I stihlaak (v.n. from X ~I

    1. consumption, usage.
    ~\.WI ~1)1 ~~I stih/aak l-mawadd
    1-gioaa'iyya the consumption of foodstuffs. 2. exhaustion.

    ~ .L r

    ~ ~~

    to consume, use

    up, exhaust. If-)~ ~ oJl:---]1 \A


    ...L:>:-IJ has-sayyaara tistahlik baanziin
    waayid. This car consumes a lot of
    gasoline. ~I J5' ~I stahlakna
    kill t-tabiin. We used up all the flour.

    hlw

    J~o

    hamsa p. -aat whisper.

    hml
    ~ himal (~ yihmil) to neglect.
    ~ly. ~

    .w'J

    o~ fannasoo linna

    615

    himal b-waajba. They laid him off


    because he neglected his duties.

    waayid. When we were in Abu Dhabi,


    he went to great lengths on our behalf.

    J~J 'ihmaal (v.n.) negligence. <.,?.h

    hamm p. i _r-J> hmuum !. co?cern,


    worry, anxiety. ~\.J.) ~I ~
    hammi 'axaf/i$ diraasti. My concern is
    to complete my studies. J-L.::. -~
    ~ ~ maskiin. saayil hamm Cibiir.
    Poor man. He's burdened with worry.
    2. grief, sadness. ~I ,y ? ba/:zar min
    1-hamm sea of grief. ~I ,y ..:.;L. maat
    min 1-hamm. He died from grief.

    Jwl -~ haaoi galtati. 'ihmaal


    minni. This is my mistake. I am negligent.

    'f> f> ~

    hmm

    ~ hamm (~ yhimm)
    !. to be
    important, of consequence, to matter.
    ..J [).J~ L.J -~ L..... rna yhimm. 'aana
    ba-ruuf:zla. It doesn't matter. I'll go to
    see him. 2. to concern, affect. ~ l.h
    ~ L. haaoa sayy rna yhimmak. This
    is something that doesn't concern you.
    _w,.\) ~ ~I ~ ma$laf:zta
    s-sax$iyya
    thimma waayid. His
    personal interest concerns him a lot.

    I. zeal, eagerness.

    2.

    ~i 'ahamm (elat.) I. (with ,y min)


    more important than. 2. (with foil. n.)
    the most important.
    ~i 'ahammiyya importance, significance. ~i u L..... rna Ia
    'ahammiyya. It's not important.

    ~I

    nhamm VII to be very unhappy,


    become distressed, concerned . .:.J ~\
    ~(.; ~ ...:..,L....:.,. .o.....:;...? nhamm leen
    l:zurumta yaabat bint 8aanya. He was
    very unhappy when his wife gave birth
    to another baby girl.

    ~ muhimm (less common var.


    mhimm) important, significant. -J ~I
    ~I c_IJ.r-JI 1-muhimm ji z-zawaaj
    1-maf:zabba. The most important thing
    is marriage is love.

    ~I

    htamm VIII I. to worry, be


    concerned . .!.l~IJ Lii -~ '} Ia tihtamm.
    'aana wiyyaak. Don't worry. I'm with
    you. <.,?~ J.:.. ~~ ~ 'i .Jl, _r-..U '}
    Ia ddiir baa!. la tihtamm b-ga(Jaaya
    mifJil haaoi. Don't worry. Don't be
    concerned about cases like these. 2.
    (with J /-) to pay attention to, take
    notice of s.o. or s.th. -~ ~ '}
    ..G.-IJ ~ Ia tihtamm la-l:zacya. yilgi
    waayid. Don't pay attention to his
    words. He talks on and on endlessly.
    3. (withy b-) to go to great lengths on
    behalf of s.o. ~ ~~ ~ y. l) l.:S" .:.J
    ..G:-1) teen Cinnaji bu (Jabi htamm biina

    himma

    effort.

    .,

    muhimma p. -aat mission,


    important task. ~L. ~.) ~
    muhimma diblomaasiyya political
    mission.

    f> f> ~ hmm


    ~

    hamm also, too, in addition. <...J".J-4


    yidris hni
    w-hamm yistagil fi !-!eel. He studies
    here, and he works at night also.

    HI l) ~ ~) ~
    u~

    hn
    ~ hin p. of ~.?"' hiya 1. they (f.). 2.
    (suff. to n.) their _;,~ cyaa!hin their

    616

    kids.

    3. (suff. to v. or part.) them.

    ~~ ca{aahin. He gave them. ~~IJ

    ''i uo hny
    l.:.A hanna II 1. to congratulate, express good wishes to. 4->-~ ~
    hanneeta b-najaa/:la. I congratulated

    wiyyaahin with them.


    ~I

    uo

    hnaak

    him on his success. ~~ t""l....:.A c.'J


    raal:z hannaahum b-f-ciid. He went and
    gave him his best wishes on the
    occasion of the holiday. 2. to make
    happy, delight. .!Jj~ ~ 21 a!!a
    yhanniik b-l:zayaatak. ,God make you
    happy in your life . !Ail\ .!.\~...;,..,. hannaak
    a!!af (response to ~ haniyyan) May
    God make you happy.

    .!ll...:A hunaak (common var. hnaak)


    there, over there, in that place. ~ J
    !JG ri/:lt hunaak. I went there. Y y
    .!.1~ y .J--' J ~ muub hni w-muub
    hnaak neithe; here nor there. ~
    !JG t/:la$$la hnaak. You'll find him
    over there.
    J

    uo

    hnd

    ~ haniyyan (said to s.o. who has just

    ~If-hind India.

    eaten or drunk water) I hope you


    enjoyed it. I hope it would bring you
    good health.

    i.jJ...;.A hindi 1. (adj.) Indian, characteristic of India. ~J.:../A J-# cees hindi
    Indian rice. ~~~ oJI.A-JI s-safaara
    1-hindiyya the Indian Embassy. 2. (p.
    ~ p hnuud) an Indian.
    (.)" J

    uo

    handasa (v.n.) 1. engineering.


    L...J.:../A U"'J..L...:! yidris handasa. He's
    studying engineering. 2. geometry.
    ~IJ yL......J.-IJ L__..~l 1-handasa
    w-li-/:lsaab
    w-1-jabir
    geometry,
    arithmetic and algebra.
    d~

    muhandis

    (common var.

    mhandis) engineer. ~..Lo U"'..l.-.+muhandis madani civil engineer.

    uo hndws
    j.J.....:.A

    mhanni p. -yiin congratulator,


    well-wisher.
    y

    'i uo

    hny

    w..L:A

    p. J~ tahaani congratulation. Cl>...J4 ~~ tahaaniina


    b-n-najaal:z
    (Please accept) our
    congratulations on your success.

    hnds

    d.J-;.A handas (.J"~ yhandis) to


    design, engineer. ~oJL-ll ~~ U"J.:../A y
    minu handas oiic fi-cmaara? Who
    designed that building?

    (.)" .J J

    ~ tahniya

    hindoos (coli.)

    !..?' JJ.:../A -i Hindu.

    hni (common var. hini, 'ihni) here,


    in this place. ~\..::...._. U"UI ~ hini
    n-naas mistaansiin. Here the people
    are happy. ~ ~) trayyeeta hni. I
    waited for him here.

    .J o hw
    _JA huwa (less common var. huw, 'uhu,

    huwwa) p. ~ hum he.


    ~.JO hwb

    y _JA hoob! stop! (said to a driver).


    Hindus.

    s.

    J,J o hwd
    ~ _J-A

    hawwad II to slow down . .!,.L.U.i

    617
    :. _r--JA -~ jiddaamak feet. hawwid.
    There's a traffic light in front of you.
    Slowdown.

    ~ J_J~>

    hwr

    J.J-16 hoor p. JI.J_,.....,. hooraan shallow


    marsh. .r-.JI .J.J-"' hoor [-canz region in
    Dubai.
    l.j.; .J ., hwry
    huuri p. c.$).>--"' hawaari small

    boat.

    j.J., hwz
    j.JA hooz p. -aat water hose.

    rjU.J .> hws


    1.1'.J-A hawas desire, liking. c.?.J....:.s. Lo
    ~4 .fy> ma cindi hawas b-s-sugul.

    '.

    I don't like to work.

    ~.J.,
    ~

    hws

    _,u haawas

    III I. to quarrel with


    S.O. ~ )l.o> ._,.....-! ol...el) ~j j>-- 'i ..::...>- .J
    ri~t
    lajil 'atkallam wiyyaa bass
    haawasni. I went to talk to him, but
    he quarreled with me. 2. to fight,
    argue, quarrel with s.o. 'i ..T''"j.._;,:..
    ~ .:.r- ~ )~ xa(aa\~ Ia thaawisni
    min fa(Jlak. It's all over. Please don't
    fight with me.
    ~ JA hoosa

    J4o

    hws

    hoos (coli.) goats, sheep. s. ~l.o>


    haaysa p . ._?-ly- hawaayis goat, sheep.

    litter, howdah.

    'i J.J-16

    l,jM .J .,

    ~.J-A

    hwdj

    [_ ~ JA hoodaj p. C :.ly- hawaadij camel


    .;.J~>

    with me.
    y :.

    fight, quarrel.

    mhaawis (act. part.) having


    quarreled with s.o. r ....,? ~_,.... \.,. lii
    ~ J4-- ~~ 'aana ma sawweet sayy.
    huwa IIi- mhawisni. I haven't done
    anything. He's the one who quarreled

    J.J., hwl

    J.J-A

    hawwal II to exaggerate, oyeremphasize, magnify. ~\11 J~ L(l:.


    daayman yhawwil /- 'asya. He always
    exaggerates things. ;;JUI ...:...Jy> ._;-)
    ~..L:ll !II~ Jllees hawwalt 1-mas'a/a 'ila
    oaak 1-l:zadd? Why did you magnify
    the matter to that degree?

    J..LA

    haayil amazing, astonishing,


    extraordinary. ~l.o> o.J.,S ~.r" (Jarbat
    kuura haayla amazing soccer kick.
    J-u ~ xabar haayil astonishing
    news. _}.LJ ..:..:.L>- !:zaadi() haayil
    extraordinary event.
    u.J~> hwn
    ~Jl...A haan (.:> ~ yhuun)
    1. to be or
    become easy, simple. 'il J *- ...,?
    l...i......J. kill sayy yhuun ilia haaoa.
    Everything will become easy except
    2. (with ~ cata) to be or
    this.
    become easy for s.o. J *- ~~W _,J
    ~I ~ lo tsaacidni yhu~n ca[ayya
    s-sugul. If you help me, the work will
    be easy for me. 3. (imperf. ~ yhiin)
    to humiliate, treat s.o. with contempt
    or disdain. ~ . u ()~ 'i Ia
    truu~-la. yhiinak. Don't go to (see)
    him. He'll humiliate you . ..._;~_o,
    ~ :.'i )I ri..L_"i
    1-mucal/im haana
    jiddaam wlaad ~affa. The teacher
    humiliated him in front of his
    classmates.

    J5'

    rl

    1J.J-A hawwan

    II

    (with

    J>- cala) to

    618
    make s.th. easy or simple for s.o. 0 y.
    \.j~L.., ..:,":} ?IL:#- hawwan ca[eena
    s-sugul linna saacadna. He made the
    work easy for us because he had
    helped us.

    IJJ 4 thaawan VI to be lax, careless,


    negligent. Ale : 0J4 w':l o~
    fannasoo linna thaawan b-sugla. They
    fired him because he was lax in his
    work.

    IJ Lf.i I nhaan

    VII

    to be humiliated,
    insulted. U"L:.ll rl..u 04-il nhaanjiddaam
    n-naas. He was humilated in front of
    the people.

    -J.:1b hayyin easy, simple.


    hayyin easy work.

    0;A ~

    sugul

    1ilA! 'ihaana p. -aat insult.

    ''i .JII

    1. weather. Yr _r-ll I_,A.I J$'


    ceef 1-hawa 1-yoom? How is the
    weather today? Jl,;... J .J\.;... I_,A.Il-hawa
    ~aarr w-~aaff. The weather is hot and
    dry. 2. air. _r-ll ..b:-IJ ly. ~ fii hawa
    waayid 1-yoom. It's very windy today.

    'i .JII

    hwy

    1.5.J-A hawa (c..>~ yihwa) to love s.o.


    ul*- yihwaaha. He loves her. ~
    ul*- ga/bi yihwaaha. I love her very
    much. My heart bleeds for her.

    ..

    hay'a p. .::...~ -aat organization,


    association, gro).lp. o..l..:>..:il r---~1 ~
    hay'at 1-'umam 1-mitta~da The United
    Nations Organization. ~L. ~~ ~
    hay'a diblomaasiyya diplomatic corps.

    "':' t,j II hyb


    ~lA

    haab (y~ yhaab) 1. to be afraid


    of s.o. or s.th. Y~ 'Y : 6..1 ~ git-la:
    "Ia thaab." I said to him: "Don't be
    afraid." yYJ 'Y J J y; 'Y Ia tbuug w-la
    thaab. If you don't steal, you won't
    have to be afraid of anyone or
    anything. 2. to respect. U".J.M ~..l:s
    o\..J y.~ 0-:!j J--K' cindahum mudarris
    killis zeen. yhaabuuna. They have a
    very good teacher; they respect him.

    [.LA haaj (C:"*- yhiij) 1. to become


    furious, angry. C.~ .JL.,.:, Jl~ ~ 0Y
    leen caflamta b-lli $aar haaj. When I
    told him about what had happened, he
    became furious. 2. to be or become
    stormy, rough, to run high. ly. ~ 0\S"'

    (. u .r~liJ

    ..b:-IJ caan fii hawa waayid

    w-1-ba~ar

    haaj. It was very windy and


    the sea became stormy.
    ~

    hayyaj

    ~ ~

    II 1. to arouse, excite.
    xinnatta hayyajatni. Her

    perfume aroused me. 2. to stir up,


    provoke, agitate. 0l5" .r"\..:JI ~ yl,b.

    hawa (v.n.) love, infatuation.


    IJ~ 4...J Lo c..> _,...J.I 1-hawa ma-la duwa.
    Love is incurable. ~ly. ~ c!IJ waagic
    ji hawaaha. He's in love with her.

    l.l"L..:JI ~ xi(aab cabd n-naa$ir caan


    yhayyij n-naas. Nasir's speech used to
    stir up people.

    hy

    1.5.)--A

    ($II

    ~t,j II hyj

    hwy

    ly.A hawa

    ,_ t,j II hy'

    hiya (less common var. hiy) p. Jb


    hin she.

    thayyaj V 1. to get excited,


    stirred up. ~ 'Y ....L.....JJI 'igcid Ia
    tithayyaj. Sit down. Don't get excited.

    619
    2. to become aroused, excited. ~
    Li~f- ~L__.;, ~ thayyaj leen saaffa
    ciryaana. He became aroused when he
    saw her naked.

    ,JMej t~

    ~ L.. ~

    gahwa b-duun heel ma


    f$iir. Coffee without cardamom cannot
    be coffee.

    'i J 'i tl

    hys

    ~ hiili Hili (town in Abu Dhabi

    ~I.A haaysa. See under rt.P-.Jo hwS.

    J d 'i tl

    famous for its historical ruins, esp.


    tombs of kings and sovereigns).~
    ~ y. l) -..;i -..; hiili garya 'a(}arij,ya
    fi bu (Jabi. Hili is an archaeological
    village in Abu Dhabi.

    hykl

    YY

    ~ haykal p.
    hayaakil l.
    temple, place of worship. J~ ~
    haykal sulaymaan Solomon's Temple.
    2. skeleton. 3. framework.

    J'i tl

    hyl

    hyly

    heel (coli.) cardamom.

    J)~ o~

    u'i

    t1

    hyn

    IJLA haan, .J::J> hayyin, etc. See under


    u.J" hwn.

    u 'i uI .J

    .J w

    J w 1. and, plus. ~ J L saalim


    w-xmayyis Salim and Khmayis. ~ Jlj J
    w-taali? And then what? What
    happened next? ~ [. ~ L.. J ~ ~ \.ji
    'aana git-lak w-ma yi/:ttaaj bacad. I
    have told you and that's it. ~
    ;; ~ ~ J xamsa w-xamsa casara.
    Five plus five is ten. 2. while, as,
    when. ~ ..J-'1' J ~ cifta w-huwa
    yabCi. I saw him while he was crying.
    1..}"~f ...:......5 L.;iJ ;;.Jl::--- ~..) dicamt
    sayyaara w-aana cint mreewis. I hit a
    car while I was backing up. 3. (in an
    oath or exclamation) by. !.11J w-a!!a!,
    !.11 J->- J w-/:tagg a!!a! by God! in the
    name of God! (,?.J..)I L.. .11J w-a!!a ma
    dri. By God, I don't know. Honestly,
    I don't know.

    C I.J

    waa/:t
    ~~J waa/:ta p. -aat oasis. ~pll 4.>-IJ
    waa/:tat li-breemi the Buraimi Oasis.
    ~l_,ll J...G fundug 1-waa/:ta the Oasis
    Hotel.

    ..) I.J waar

    J'J

    waar p. -aat yard (measure).


    .r. !):!)) ~~~ stireet waareen bazz. I
    bought two yards of cloth.

    u .J 1.!.1..) I .J

    waarkwt

    .J

    dM I.J

    waasr

    ,.,.._;,lJ waasir
    screw).

    ~:--::HJ waaneet p. -aat pickup, small


    truck. 0~? 0LS" ~~J waaneeti caan
    xarbaan. My pickup was out of order.

    ,J I,J waaw

    J'J waaw name of the letter J w.

    'i ,J I ,J

    waawy

    ":?J'J waawi p. -yya jackal.

    ..) 'i I ,J

    waayr

    fi'J waayir p. -aat wire.


    ..) '-:' ,J wbr

    f.J wabar (coil.) camel hair.


    J U,J wtd

    watad p . ..)lj Ji 'awtaad (common


    var. ..)lj) wtaad) eole, stake. (from the
    Quran) ~bU} bL..i} Jl),.l ~
    wa-jacafna
    1-jibaa/a
    'awtaadan
    'awtaada. We (God) made mountains
    to be poles. We made mountains to
    serve as poles.
    .UJ

    p. -aat washer (of a

    J'

    .; U,J wtr

    yJJ watar p . .JL.;} 'awtaar (common


    var. .J lj J wtaar) 1. string (of a musical
    instrument). 2. hypotenuse (geom.) .
    ~6,J w8g

    Ji J

    ~.fi'JlJ waarkoot p. -aat overcoat.

    waanyt

    wi8ag (.j, y. yuu8ig) (with y b-) to


    trust, have confidence in s.o. J.ll ~
    <~. . .! ~} \o~ careeta 1/i yibga~; 'uuOig
    bii. I gave him what he wanted; I trust
    him. <~.....! ~ y. yuu8ag bii. He's trustworthy, reliable.

    621

    rJJ

    wa88ag II to authenticate, certify


    (a document) . .:;---- .;.lib~ J.ly rj~
    ;;}..0-..ll laazim twa88ig sahaadaatak
    min s-safaara. You have to have your
    certificates
    authenticated at the
    embassy.

    J-Jy

    twa88ag
    wa88ag.

    pass. of II

    J.lJ

    Oiga trust, confidence. ~ y a.Z .!..1.1


    lak Oiga.fii? Do you trust him? Do you
    have confidence in him? ._,..A.:)~ ~
    Oiga b-n-naft self-confidence, selfreliance. ~ J..L.,a..o ,y IJ..., .:..Jf ciraft
    haaoa min ma~dar Oiga. I knew this
    from a reliable source.
    a.....GJ

    :i

    9)J wa8iiga p. ~GJ wa8aayig

    document, record. ~G"_,JI .:?.r markaz


    l-wa8aayig the document center. ;u_;J
    ..:;.>L....,..,.J...Llt,
    wa8iiga b-d-darajaat
    transcript (of school grades). ~ p
    ('""""'~IJ ~I Jl ;u_;J ca(ooni w~Oiiga
    'inni stagalt wiyyaahum. They gave
    me a document certifying that I had
    worked for them.
    J~ mii8aag

    p. '-';....;1_,... mawaa8iig
    charter, pact, covenant. r-\11 ~ J~
    mii8aag hay'at 1-'umam the Charter of
    the United Nations.

    J--Jy

    taw(}iig (v.n. from II ~ J


    wa(}(}ag) 1. authentication, attestation.
    ;;~~~ H _; taweug s-sahaada
    authentication of the certificate. 2.
    strengthening, consolidation. ~ y
    ..:.>U')WI taw(}iig f-cafaagaat the

    strengthening of relations.

    u.!JJ

    wen

    J J wa(}an p. 0~Ji 'aweaan idol.

    ~J

    waeani p. -yyiin heathen, pagan.

    ~J wa8aniyya paganism.

    ~~.J wjb

    '":-'!"J wijab (~ y. yuujib) (with Jsca[a) to be one's duty to do s.th., to


    become obligatory to s.o. \_}-b. y _,...
    r__,.-jl 4#- '-:-"'") muub l:zaamil; wijab
    ca[eeha ~-~oom. She's not pregnant;
    it's her duty to fast.
    '":-'!"J wajjab II to be courteous or
    hospitable toward s.o. . \.;~ IJI>.- ~
    ...L......>.-IJ ('"""""'~ J hali yaw cindana.
    wajjabnaahum waayid. My relatives
    came to our place. We were very
    courteous and hospitable toward them.
    ~ .r---"1 stawjab
    X 1. to merit,
    deserve, be worthy of. L...... 4..\l-11
    _;....Si r~l '-:-"'" ~ 1-mas'ala ma
    tistawjib
    htimaam
    'ak8ar. The
    problem
    doesn't
    merit
    more
    2. to require,
    consideration.
    necessitate. !.1 J~ '-:-"'" ~ L.. I.L.
    haaoa ma yistawjib l:zu(JUurak. This
    doesn't require your presence.

    ~ J wajba p. -aat: rW. ~) wajbat


    tacaam meal, repast. JS'~ .~t,b.. )a;
    r_r-:-11 .) ..::.>~) ~ gatu ma(aabix.
    yaakil xamas wajbaat fi 1-yoom. He
    eats like a pig. He eats five meals a
    day.

    1..:-'!"'J waajib 1. (with Js- ca[a) (it's)


    incumbent upon s.o., necessary for s.o.
    to do s.th. ~ r-Li C.J) ~ '-:-"'"\)

    P' waajib

    cafayya 'aruul:z asallim


    cafa s-seex. It's incumbent upon me to
    go to welcome the Shaikh. 2. (p.
    -aat) duty. ~ ~'J I.L. haaoa

    622
    waajib ca[eek It's your duty. J_,A.>- U
    ...:.A-~IJJ lana ~guug w-waajibaat. We
    have rights and duties.
    J

    [.J wjd
    IJ\..1,:1;J wijdaan conscience.

    ...L..?,-IJ waajid (more common var.

    waayid). See under .li.j..J wyd


    ~~yo

    mawjuud
    I. present, in
    attendance, around. lj ;) y. y ~...dl
    _r...J-1 t-tindeel mawjuudji 1-~afiiz. The
    foreman is in the office. ;) Y"" y y y
    ~I lj muub mawjuudji !-beet. He's
    not at home. 2. located, situated. J.J
    ~;;;) y. y JL.._(; JY:. ween xoor fakkaan
    mawjuuda? Where's Khor Fakkan
    3. (p. -aat) stock, asset,
    located?
    supply.

    t[.J wjC
    ~J

    wujac (r:::- y.. yoojac) to hurt, pain.


    IJ..UI :.r- 4.A>.- y.. ~ batna yoojaca min
    d-duwa. His stomach is hurting from
    the medicine. ~ y.. ~\J raasi
    yoojacni. I have a headache.
    ~J

    wajjac II (more common var. II


    JY cawwar). See under ..J..Jt cwr.
    ~

    twajjac V (more common var.


    V JyJ tcawwar). See under ..JJt cwr.

    t::-"J wujac pain, ache.


    ~[J wjh

    ~ jiha p. -aat l. direction. ~i l)


    ~o}..i__.J\ ~ ji 'ayy jiha s-safaara?
    Which direction is the embassy? 2.
    side. yhl ~~ .:.r-- c.'J raa~ min (Hie
    1-jiha. He went from that side. ~ if
    JL-..:JI min jihat s-samaal from the
    north. 3. point of view, aspect. if

    ...::...oy):-1

    e:;r. min jimW l-jihaat from all

    points of view. ui ~ if minjihati


    'aana as for me, as far as I am
    concerned.
    ~ J wajih

    see weeh under o i.j ..J wyh.

    ~J

    wijha: ~~) wijhatna(Jar


    point of view, viewpoint.

    JC.J w~d
    ..L.;o-J wa~~ad

    II

    I. to unite, unify,

    make one. ...:...o\JL...~\ IJ...L.>- J tr---=J 1


    s-syuux wa~~daw 1-'imaaraat. The
    Shaikhs united the Emirates. 2. to
    standardize. ~Lll ...::...o~ J ~y.JI ;; )jJ
    wazaarat
    t-tarbiya
    wahbdat
    l-manaahij. The ministry of education
    standardized the programs of study. 3.
    to, declare God to be , one. ~I 0:1
    Ail I )It ut )')) :J~ Ail\ ..L..>- y.. leen
    !-muslim ywa~Md a!!a yguul: "Ia
    'ilaaha 'ilia a!la. " When Muslims
    declare God as a single entity, they
    say: "There is no god but He."
    ~

    twah}wd V pass. of II ...l...>-)


    wa~~ad. Y-c-"'1 JL,o) ...::...o\JL.~\ ...:...o...L..>- j
    o..L.:>d.l ~_rJI ...:...o\JL,.~\ twa~badat
    l-'imaaraat w-~aar 'asimha 1-'imaaraat
    [-carabiyya 1-niitta~da. The emirates
    were united and their name became the
    United Arab Emirates.

    ~I tti~ad VIII

    (v.i.) to unite, be
    united, form a union. ...::...ol)_. ~I ...::...o...lil
    tti~dat
    1-'imaaraat. The emirates
    united.
    ~~ J wi~da

    l. unity, oneness. o...l..>- J


    y ~I wi~dat z-carab the unity ofthe
    Arabs. 2. loneliness, solitude. ~
    .
    6,._>- ).f. L.J:_\~
    o...L.>- )1 yQibb l-wil;da.

    623

    daayman bruul;a. He likes loneliness.


    He's always by himself. 3. (p. -aat)
    unity, group. J-):.1 .:.r ..::..>1-G- J wil;daat
    min l-jee army units, military units.
    ~J

    wal;iid (adj.) only, sole. Ls-i\


    ..L,>- _,.ll 'ibni l-wal;iid my only son.~
    ;;~ _,.ll binti l-waf1iida my o~ly
    daughter. ~ _,.ll ~I s-sabab
    l-wal;iid the only reason. ..l,>-_,.ll ~
    ~ ~ Ls----I.J~ j-S'i hammi l-wahiid
    'akammil diraasti ya yuba. My only
    concern is to complete my studies,
    father. ..L,>- _,.ll d...!:.JJ wariifJa l-wal;iid
    his sole inheritor.
    ~UI 'ittil;aad (v.n. from VIII ..Lil
    ttibad) unity, union. ~_,..JI JJ..UI ~til
    'ittifwad d-duwal[-carabiyya the unity
    of the Arab States. yJL1JI ~ul
    'ittifwad r-rullaab the students' union.
    .l>'IJ waal;id fern. o..G-IJ wal;da I. one

    (numeral)

    2. someone, somebody.
    ol:l Jl....l= ...L>-IJ waabid cataani-yyaa.
    Someone gave it to me . .:.r ..G-IJ ~\.>..
    "-..) _,s:J1 yaani waal;id min 1-kuuliyya.
    One of the coolies came to (see) me.
    r-+-' ..L>-IJ waal;id minhum one of
    them . ..L..>-IJ JS' kill waafiid. everyone,
    everybody. _rll .:.r ~- .J..LO., L. ..G-1_,.!1
    l-waabid rna yigdar yam$i min 1-l;arr.
    One cannot walk because ofthe heat.
    3. (in inter. and neg. sentences) ..G-i
    'al;ad anyone. ~~ ..G-l 0 fii 'al;ad
    hni? Is there anyone here? ..G-i ~ L.
    mafii 'al;ad. There isn't anyone.
    ~

    mittabid united, combined.

    ;;..L.......:>..:I L....:-!.rJI ..::..>\).-"~I l-'imaaraat

    f-carabiyya 1-mittabda. The United


    Arab Emirates.
    o..l........:>..l ..::..>L...: ~)I
    1-wilaayaat 1-mittabda. The United

    States.

    ~C..J wi;S
    ~ _,::.......>1

    stawl;as X 1. to feel lonely.

    ..::.-..:S' .o r-..l.ll

    ~).f.

    ~~

    l,? ~ .f--1

    stawl;ast ji oiic d-diira. Cint b-ruubi. I


    felt lonely in that town. I was by
    myself. 2. (with J /-) to miss s.o.
    ~/i l,? ~ ~ .:U ~ .f--1
    stawl;asnaa-lak teen Cint fi 'amriika.
    We missed you when you were in
    America.
    ~J

    wal;s p. ,_}~ J wl)uus wild


    animal, wild beast. ,_}y _,.ll .:.r 0~1
    ~I :,? ~).\ (J-(Jibyaan min li-wl;uus
    l-barriyya fi l-xaliij. Deer are among
    wild animals in the Gulf.
    ~J
    ~J

    wai;Si wild, savage. ..::..>U_r-:>l;ayawaanaat wai;Siyya wild

    animals .
    ~J

    wal;siyya brutality, savagery.

    ~ Ji 'awl;as (elat.) 1. (with if min)


    more untamed than, etc. 2. (with foil.
    n.) the most untamed, etc.
    ~p

    mitwal;l;is 1. wild, barbaric,


    savage. 2. (p. -iin) barbarian, savage.

    J C..J

    wbl

    J:--J wal;al (coli.) mud.


    ,; C..J wxr
    ~J

    waxxar II 1. to get out of the


    way, move aside . ..::..> ~ J....;o,- ~ ..::..>? J
    y--1..l9 .:.r--- waxxart laji yfuut min
    giddaami. I got out of the way so he
    could pass by me. 2. (v.t.) to get s.th.
    out of the way, move s.th. back.? J
    ..:1;.J~ waxxir sayyaaratk. Move your
    car out of the way.

    624

    y twaxxar
    waxxar.

    market. ~_,...i .:r- ~.u U 1..5~ J ~..U J


    wlidi
    waddaa-lna hadiyya min
    'amriika. My son sent us a gift from
    America. 2. to take s.o. or s.th. to
    some place, convey . ._., J.UI J~l ~~ J
    waddeet fi-cyaa! 1-madrasa. I took the
    children to school. d.-.-)1 J y "-=!~ J
    waddeeta suug s-simac. I took him to
    the fish market. ~ .s..#- ~~ y \... ._;..) lees
    rna twaddiini calee? Why don't you
    take me to it? .s..#- ~~ J waddeet ca[ee.
    I sent for him.

    V pass. of II _,...>- J

    .J .J,J wdd

    ~ J widd desire, wish. ~lil:!IJ ~ J) !.\~ J


    widdic truubiin wiyyaana? Would you
    like to go with us? $ _,..:. i 1.pJ widdi
    'asuujic. I would like to see you.
    1.$~ J

    widdi (adj.) friendly, amicable.


    ca[aagaat widdiyya
    friendly relations.
    ~~ J ..:_,L_j~

    ~~~J

    wdaad love, friendship.

    ~~~J

    waadi p.
    river valley.

    .J,J wdc

    t.._ ~ J waddac II to say goodbye to s.o.,


    bid s.o. farewell. _}..111 l) A...S-~ j G. J
    u---i ribna nwaddcaji 1-mataar 'ams.
    We went to the airport to see him off
    yesterday. }\..-..o ...:,'.} ,:r~ JJ Jl>.- yaani
    w-waddacni linna msaajir. He came
    and said goodbye to me because he
    was going away.
    t.._ I~J wdaac (common var. wadaac)
    farewell, leave-taking.

    f.j

    ~~

    'w.lJ
    .

    diyya blood money.

    won

    0~ J waooan

    II (common var. II J~i


    'aooan). See under u,j ~ 'on.

    0~

    m'aooin p. -iin muezzin, one who


    calls to prayer.

    w.J,J

    won

    0~ J wioin p. .) J~ J -,vouun. See under

    u:, ~

    'on.

    I.;,J wraa

    See under 'i.; .J wry.

    f' '/ u J .J wrtym

    t_ ~ ~ mistawdac p. -aat warehouse,


    depot (mil.). h.Li t~ _r.--- mistawdac
    'aslil:za arms depot.

    r-}JJ warteem overtime. o..r.I..JI

    ~i;.

    .J

    L..:-i~ or-b J ~ CJJ -~JJ ~ L.. fi


    haaoi d-daayra rna fii warteem. ruub
    cuuf daayra 8aanya. In this department there is no overtime (work). Go
    look for another department.

    ''i .lJ wdy


    wadda II 1. to send. W IJ~L.,.:.
    o_r.----5J1 oJ~ JJ ...L__,.\J $aadaw simac
    waayid w-waddoo c-cabra. They
    caught a lot of fish and took it to the

    widyaan valley,

    .JJ wdy

    t_ ~ _J--0

    mwaddic 1. (act. part. from II


    t ~ J waddac) having said goodbye to
    s.o. d.:~ ~ ,;,>.~ y lii 'aana mwaddca
    gab! swaJYa. I said goodbye to him a
    short while ago. 2. (p. -iin) people
    saying goodbye.

    J~~ J

    -.>~ J

    t!J J.J

    wre

    I!J JJ wiri8 (~ JY. yuura8) to inherit.

    625
    ~I ~

    ..:r.;.JL...? Q

    ~..l..,.2j J

    wirifJ
    cmaarteen caza s-siif. He inherited two
    buildings on the seashore.
    .J)

    export.
    ~ JIJ

    waarid p. -aat import ....:.A:l )J


    ..;.,\.J.:.L__.,., J
    waaridaat W-$aadiraat
    imports and exports.

    ..!:.1JJ warrafJ II to leave, bequeath,


    will. .s'')l....i J5' ~.J) oy.i 'ubuu warrafJa
    kill 'amlaaka. His father left him all
    his property. ~ ~ ..!L'.JJ .!l.J"""-!i 'ubuuk
    warrafJk sayy? Did your father leave
    you anything?

    ~ Jy.-o

    Q .J)

    UIJJ wiraafJa

    wirafJ inheritance.
    heredity, hereditary,

    transmission.

    ~ .:,r--b o~ .:P.J~ tawwna


    mistawirdiin caara tann ceeS. We
    have just imported ten tons of rice. 2.
    (p. -iin) importer.

    ..f _,..

    mara() wiraafJi hereditary disease.


    ~JJ

    wariifJ p. G .JJ wurafJa heir,


    inheritor. ~J ~iJ .U~ G .J}I
    l-wurafJa
    cyaa!a
    w-'ummhum
    wakiilattum. The heirs are his children
    and their mother is their guardian.

    ..!:.11.;--J turaafJ heritage, legacy. OIJ-11


    t-turaa(} f_carabi Arab heritage.

    ~_;JI

    .!\ J.JJ wruuc 1. thigh. 2.

    hip.
    wrd

    ~ J.f"-"1

    X to import. ~ .Jy.-:,
    J........>..IJ JJJ-1 .J...L.,a.j J o..l:>.-IJ ~i nistawrid
    'asya
    waayda w-n~addir batrool
    waayid. We import many things and
    export a lot of oil.
    stawrad

    ~ J.J--0 mawrid p. ~ )J-" mawaarid


    mcome, revenue.
    ~I~ I

    J..J.J wrd
    ward (coli.) s. o.:..JJ warda p. -aat
    1. roses . ...::....:)\ I.JJ
    .:.>WI ~ ~ .J) .Y
    fii ward fi l-bistaan illi wara !-beet.
    There are roses in the backyard. 2.
    flowers.

    Jll

    4$~ JJ

    wardi (adj.) pink, rosy . ..;...;l..S'


    C.$.:>_)).)\.:___; ~'i
    caanat laabsa
    fustaan wardi. She was wearing a pink
    dress .
    ~..J.J

    wrs

    ..,rJJ

    5..J.J WrC

    'J..J.J

    'I'

    ~ JJ

    -..JIJJ wiraafJi hereditary. JI.JJ

    !.IJJ wire p.

    mistawrid I. (act. part. from X

    .:..J_r-.....1 stawrad) having imported. Li y

    ..!:.1JJ wirfJ inheritance, legacy.


    AiJJ wirfJa p.

    stiiraad w-la$diir import-

    stiiraad (v.n. from X ~ .J_,::.-..1


    stawrad) import, importation. ~l_r.::..-....1

    warras

    II to dye (clothes, etc.)


    ~ J..U.I J'.J.J-!. ~I .r"' J' .J)\ li-mwarris
    huwa lli ywarris li-hduum. A dyer is
    the one who dyes clothes.

    .,rJJ wars (coli.) dye, coloring.


    ..,rJY mwarris dyer.

    :.
    I.JM..J.J
    wrs

    U JJ wara p. -aat workshop.

    ~.).J wrg
    JJJ warag (coli.) p. JI.JJi 'awraag,

    1. leaves, foliage. J .JJ


    __,.,...:JI warag s-siyar the tree leaves. 2.
    paper. ~L:S::.ll J-->- J .JJ warag l:zagg
    JI.JJ wraag.

    626

    li-lctaaba writing paper. 3. (playing)


    cards. L:.....it:.....l_, JJJ ~ licabna warag
    w-staanasna. We played cards and had
    a good time.

    front. IJ) 1-wara backward, to the rear.


    IJ_,.._J ~ J rijac li-wara. He went
    backward. He backed up.

    U JJ wruga p. -aat I. leaf. 2. piece of

    ~IJ)I ~WII-baab 1-warraani the rear

    ~IJJ warraani (adj.) rear, back, hind.

    door. ..r-JI J->- ~IJ)I J~ )I r-ryuul


    1-warraaniyya hagg f-canz the hind
    legs of the nanny goat.

    paper, sheet of paper.


    &.

    4JM lji.J ..J .J wrnys


    ~ JJ

    '..J..J.J
    . wzr

    warniis (coli.) varnish.

    ..J .J ..J .J wrwr

    oJJJ

    warwar p.
    revolver, pistol.

    JJJJ

    wizra, )jJ wzaar p. JjJ wizar,


    -aat loincloth (usually worn under the
    oJJJ.:S" kandoora man's dress).

    JJIJJ waraawir
    '!'

    '/..J.J wry

    ..J..J.J wzr

    'JJ wara 1. (prep.) behind, in the rear

    .;-!)J waziir p. IJjJ wuzara (cabinet)

    of, at the back of. IJJ ~1}-:--"' ._Ajy ~


    ~WI fii mawgif sayyaaraat wara
    li-bnaaya. There's a parking lot
    behind the building. ~(,>IJJ ._Aj\J ~
    lees waagif waraaya? Why are you
    standing behind me? ~IJJ yL. ...:...,;15'
    caanat maasya waraahum. She was
    walking behind them. IJJ ,y min wara
    (a) from behind, from the back of.
    oJt..-JI IJJ ,y {ilac min wara li-cmaara.
    He came out from behind the building.
    ~WI IJJ ,y
    [ilac min wara 1-baab.
    He came out from behind the door. (b)
    from, resultant from, caused by.
    !JIJJ ..:..r--- L..!.ll kill 1-masaakil min
    waraak. You are the cause of all the

    mtmster.
    ~JL:ll ~jJ
    waziir
    1-xaarijiyya the minister of foreign
    affairs, the secretary of state. ...r-JJ
    IJj_,_JI ra'iis
    1-wuzara the prime
    minister. IJj_,JI ~ may/is 1-wuzara
    the council of ministers.

    e:ll'

    e:ll'

    problems. ~)-1 IJJ .:r- ~ WI ~


    hal-masaakil tyi min w~ra 1-hariim.
    These problems are caused by women.
    2. (adv.) behind, at the back, in the
    rear. IJJ JL.. saar wara. He walked
    behind. ri.D ..Ldl J~ .IJJ ~ ') Ia
    tagcid wara. tacaal w-igcid giddaam.
    Don't sit at the back. Come and sit in

    oJIJJ

    wazaara, wizaara p. -aat


    mmtstry. J\.i.____.;;. ~I o)jJ wazaarat
    1-'asgaa! the ministry of (public)
    works. J JHI o)_jJ wazaarat 1-batrool
    the ministry of petroleum. o)jJ
    ~ JL:ll wazaarat 1-xaarijiyya the
    foreign ministry, the department of
    State.
    6......___).>.L>JI o)jJ
    wazaarat
    d-daaxiliyya the ministry of the
    interior. 4.;.\1 o)jJ wazaarat t-tarbiya
    the ministry of education. 4>-IJ)I o)jJ
    wazaarat z-ziraaca the ministry of
    agriculture. ...::.;")L.,.:.I}.I o)jJ wazaarat
    l-muwaa$alaat
    the
    ministry of
    communications.
    0 Jj
    II o)jJ
    wazaarat s-su'uun the ministry of
    (social) affairs. jL;J \II '0 )jJ wazaarat
    1-'awgaaf the ministry of endowment.

    627
    ~I o)j)

    wazaarat t-taxtiit the


    ministry of planning. J..LJI o)jJ
    wizaarat [-cadi/ the ministry of justice.
    ~)ljJ wazaari ministerial. <,>)j)
    tacdiil wazaari cabinet reshuffle.

    J-..L.U

    having been delivered. t j y .J.:p-JI


    1-bariid mwazzac. The mail has been
    delivered.

    l)jJ wzn
    wuzan (0 j.J-!. yuuzin) to weigh,
    .:..........;;. ~
    . I " L.......)o. J UJ
    . T
    weigh out. v--'aazin-li xamsa keelu ceeS. Weigh out
    for me five kilograms of rice.
    WjJ

    jjJ wzz
    jJ wazz (coli.) geese. s. oj) -a p. -aat.

    t.jJ wzc

    Wj j l nwuzan VII pass. of 0 j) wuzan.

    ()J wazzac (t).H ywazzic)

    1. to
    deliver. .J.:p-JI l_y j) L.. ~ bacad ma
    wazzcaw 1-bariid. They haven't
    delivered the mail yet. 2. to distribute,
    deal out, pass out. ..::__s:- j) ;;,5' _r:-11
    ~L..ll ~ C ~.J '.11 s-sarika wazzacat
    l-'arbaa/:1 cafa 1-musaahmiin. The
    company distributed the proceeds
    among the shareholders. tjJ r-..lll
    ~ _,..,dl y'>l......k.ll ~ r.I..,J..I 1-mudiir
    wazzac 1-jawaayiz ca[a t-tullaab
    1-mitfawwgiin. The principal distributed the awards to the outstanding
    students.

    t_j_J--J twazzac
    wazzac.

    pass. of II tjJ

    Cj.Jj tawzW (v.n. from II tjJ wazzac)


    1. distribution. 2. delivery.

    t_j.J-" mwazzic (act. part. from II tjJ


    wazzac)
    1. having distributed s.th.
    ..JL:>- <Y.:-! ......;J) tj.J--"" mwazzic eariwta
    been cyaafa. He has distributed his
    wealth among his children.
    2.
    distributor. .J.:p---JI tj.)---" mwazzic
    1-bariid the mailman.
    t_j.J--0 mwazzac (p.p. from II t)J
    wazzac) 1. having been distributed.
    U. j y C. ~J ~~~ 1- 'arbaa/:1 mwazzaca. The
    dividends have been distributed.

    2.

    1. weight.
    ~cam wazin hac-Ciis?

    WjJ wazin p. 01jJ wzaan

    ~~~ ~

    0j)

    How much does this bag weigh? 0 ))


    ~ wazin eagiil heavy weight. L..
    ~ 0jJ u L.. . .s......:..o ~ ma cafeek
    minna. ma Ia wazin hini. Don't pay
    any attention to him. He doesn't carry
    any weight here. 2. weight (in boxing)
    ~)I 0 )) wazn r-riisa featherweight.
    ~...Lll 0 jJ wazn d-diic bantamweight.
    ;i,_; jJ wazna (n. of inst.) p. -aat 1. unit
    of weight. 2. weight.

    wlp.o miizaan p. J-)y mawaaziin 1.


    scale, balance. 01_r.-1.1 ~ ~~ .h,..
    butt s-santa cala 1-miizaan. Put the
    suitcase on the scale. o)_,.->- 01_r---miizaan l;araara thermometer.

    L.:.JI_r.o miizaaniyya p. -aat 1. budget.


    ~\),.1 "-.:.......JI 6...,-il.r-- miizaaniyyat s-sana

    1-yaaya next year's budget. 2. control,


    regulation. 6...,-il.r-- 0 J~ 0 ~ ni~rif
    b-duun
    miizaaniyya.
    We spend
    without control.
    WJj.J-" mawzuun (p.p. of 0 j) wuzan)
    having been weighed, weighed out.

    r.jjJ wzy
    1..5 ji_JJ twaaza

    VI to get into trouble.

    628
    1.$ _,.........i_p. ~J.) L... J ~jly twaazzeet

    w-ma dareet s-asawwi. I got into


    trouble and didn't know what to do.

    .
    cv.u.J

    wsx

    See t ~ .J W$X.
    ~ V.U.J

    ~Ji 'awsac (elat.) 1. (with 0'" min)


    wider, more spacious than. 2. (with
    foll. n.) the widest, most spacious.

    t""'J waasic wide, spacious, extensive.


    ~IJ t}..!.JI s-saaric waasic. The street

    WSf

    See ~ ~ .J W$[.

    tv.u.J wsc
    ~J

    wisac (~ y.. yoosac) to hold, have


    room for, be large enough for. LA
    ~ ~ ~ y o..r-J-1 hal-bi}ra toosac
    xamsiin nafar. This room holds fifty
    people. L.J5'" \.:...o........ J 0L.S::l1 .!.II~ oaak
    1-mukaan wisacna killana. That place
    held us all.
    ~J

    wassac II 1. to make wider,


    more spacious .. ~ 0LS' tJUI LA
    ~ J ~...LWI has-saaric caan (Jayyig.
    1-ba/adiyya wassacata. This street was
    narrow. The municipality widened it.
    2. (with J /-) to make room for s.o.
    ..wi -4) . ~ J wassic_fi. 'ariid agcid.
    Make room for me. I want to sit down.
    3. (with ~ cala) to be genero~s
    toward s.o., to make s.o. wealthy . .\ill
    L# ~ J 'a!!a wassacha cafeena.
    God was generous to us.

    ~y

    We had enough room in the new


    house.

    twassac V 1. to become wider,


    to expand. ~...LWI ~ ...:-.,.. y tJ~I
    s-sawaaric
    twasssacat
    b-fa(JI
    1-baladiyya. The streets became wider,
    thanks to the municipality. ,::...l.~_ri.:l-1
    ..::..1}---"'il l) ...::,......... y 1-ba.friyyaat
    twassacat ji 1-'imaaraat. Excavations
    have expanded in the U.A.E. 2. to
    have enough room. )..LJI l; L:........... y
    o~..l..J:.I twassacna ji d-daar 1-ydiida.

    is wide. 6.Jt...........l_, o~ biJra ,waasca


    spacious room. ~)I c-IJ .\ill 'a!!a
    waasic r-rabma. God is abounding in
    mercy. J..L...,.:JI e:----'IJ waasic $-$adir
    patient.

    'Js..J-"yo mawsuuca p. -aat encyclopedia.


    ~V.U.J

    wsm

    1. (= t/ J wasmi) rainy
    season that lasts fifty days in autumn.
    2. tribal mark, tribal brand. 3. cauterization.

    ~J wasim

    ~L.... J wisaam p. 6....J:-' _,i 'awsima 1.


    medal.
    2. badge of honor. rL..)
    J\..b...;;,_.. 'YI wisaam li-stibgaag order of
    merit. J _,---:JI iL... J wisaam s-saraf
    Legion of Honor.

    r"" yo moosam p.

    t""""'l_y mawaasim
    season, time of the year. ~I t'"""' y
    moosam 1-ba}J the pilgrimage season.

    v.u .J v.u .J

    wsws

    4f~J waswas (....r'.J-" y.. ywaswis) 1. to


    whisper. .~1 ~ ....L.:>-i ~ Lo
    w~P. .W ....:.,...._... .J-" J ma bageet 'abad
    yismac 1-baCi. waswasit-la b- 'iona. I
    didn't want anyone to hear my words.
    I whispered (to him) in his ear. 2. to
    tempt s.o. with wicked suggestions.
    ~I ..::.,.j~ J 0~1
    ....r'.J-" J waswas-li
    s-say{aan w-ougt 1-xamir. The devil

    629
    tempted me with wicked thoughts and
    I tasted wine.

    'i I.JM .J

    wsy

    ~IJ

    waasa III to comfort, console.


    ~ o...L.JJ .:J"Y ~ly ~J ril:ma
    nwaasii linna wildafi s-sijin. We went
    to comfort him because his son was in
    jail. ~.) .o.)L,.-.. ..!.J.)L...:.- ~ ~~ .;...L.
    r-+----"ly maat 'ibinhum fi l)aadi9
    sayyaara. ril)na nwaasiihum. Their
    son died in a car crash. We went to
    offer condolences to them.

    .:r--JI

    oL...I_,.. mwaasaa (v.n.) consolation.

    Js- cafa wasak on


    of, about to . ..:..> _,.1.1 .!.1.!. J Js-

    ~J wasak:

    .!.1.!. J

    cafa wasak /-moot on the verge of


    death, about to die.

    _r-j_,ll ~

    ..!.U .k.__.. ~ ...L>-IJ ..!.U ruul)


    cuuf-/ak waal)id yitwa,s-at-lak c;nd
    1-waziir. Go find someone to intercede
    for you with the minister.

    ..1a.....J wa,s-at (adj.) I. middle (course),

    J-:-- ~ L. . !.II~ _,J l..i.A _,J


    loo haaoa loo oaak. rna fii J:zal/
    wa,s-at. Either this or that. There isn't a
    compromise solution.
    2. medium,
    average. gyaas wa,s-at medium size.
    . .k.__.. J

    ..1a.....J wi$(

    wasim tattoo, tattoo mark.

    ~..UI .k_... J

    CVO.J w,s-x
    ~J wa,s-,s-ax II to make s.th. dirty,
    filthy. <V J~ t:"') wa,s-,s-ax hduuma. He
    made his clothes dirty. ~..1:1 t:"' y "Y
    Ia twa,s-,s-ix 'iideenak. Don't get your
    hands dirty.

    twa,s-,s-ax V pass. of II t:"' J


    wa,s-,s-ax. JL:-JI .:r ~~ J5' t:"' _r; ~ J.U.I
    li-hduum titwa,s-\mx kill yom min
    li-gbaar. Clothes get dirty every day
    from the dust.
    ~

    Ja....,_,; twa,s-,s-at v (with ~ cind) to


    cause to intercede with s.o. J _,.;. CJJ

    :.
    f> I.JM
    .J wsm
    ~J

    1 VO.J w~t

    intermediate.

    .:J ,jM .J wsk


    the verge

    ~ J 4"Y uPJ~I xammeet 1-'ar(J


    linnha wa~xa. I mopped the floor
    because it was dirty. ~ J ~1_,.1.1
    1-muwaaciin wa,s-xiin. The dishes are
    dirty. t:"' J ~ 9amm wa~ix foul mouth .

    ~J

    wu,s-ax p. ..;...\..,.:..J-") wu,s-uuxaat


    dirt, filth. ~ . ..}>.)~I ~ ~) y fii
    wu,s-ax ca[a l-'ar(J. ximmha. There's
    dirt on the floor. Mop it.
    ~J wa#x dirty, filthy, foul. ~

    I. (prep.) in the middle of,


    in the center of, among. c.$J6:..=ll ?")1

    1-markaz t-tijaari wi,s-t


    1-madiina. The commercial center is
    downtown. c.,? ~I ..6..... J wi,s-t li-,s-jiri in
    2. center,
    the middle of autumn.
    middle. .k.__.. _,JI ~ . .:....J 'inta fi 1-wi,s-t.
    You're in the center.

    Jlk..-.. J wa,s-taani (common var. ~)


    I. middle, central. J J~l
    JLb- _,ll ,s--,s-anduug 1-wa,s-taani the
    middle box.
    2. medium, mediumsized. Jl.b-.. J ~ y.- ~i 'abgajuuti
    wa,s-taani. I want medium-sized shoes.

    wa,s-ti)

    Jl1z...._....)

    J.f----..

    sikruu

    wa,s-taani

    medium-sized screw.

    J:z...., Jl 'aw,s-at f. ~) wu${a middle,


    central. ..k__.. J ~I J ..,..-:.JI s-sarg 1- 'aw,s-at
    the Middle East.
    )1 ~.J"i
    'amriika l-wu${a Central America.

    J=.--..

    630
    ~IJ waa${a p. ~L....... J wa~aayit I.

    intem1ediary, interceder, sponsor. 2.


    means,
    medium. J----A.JI ~L__.. J
    wa~aayit n-nagil means of transportation. a.k,...IJ 0 J~ b-duun wa${a without
    any means. a.k,...ly. b-waa#at by means
    of. o.JL.:....::.ll a,b...._.,ly. b-waa~tat t-tijaara
    by means of trade.
    mitwa~~it I. (act. part. from V

    .b.....p

    ...6_...f twa~~a!)

    having interceded. _r
    huwa mitwa~~i!-li
    ctnd 1-waziir. He has interceded for me
    with the minister. 2. centrally located,
    central. ..:.,..I.JL... )'I 0:-! a,b...._., p a.,.,. .JL!JI
    ~WI
    s-saarja mitwa~#a been
    /- 'imaaraat 8-8aanya. Sharj a is
    centrally located among the other
    3. intermediate, medial.
    emirates.
    4.,6_.., _,:11 a_.... .J..UI cJ J".JJ.....j tidris fi
    1-madrasa 1-mitwa~#a. She is studying
    in the intermediate (junior high)
    school. 4. average, mean. a.k,... p a.,.,. .J::.
    daraja mitwa~${a average grade.
    _r-j_,.ll

    ...L.;.&.

    J .h.. p

    ti..PJ wa$/a p. -aat:

    ~ 6..A.,.:. J wa~fa

    tibbiyya medical prescription.

    Uo.PI.,.. muwaQ$afa p. -aat 1. specifi2. detailed description. l.:.b.&L._j _,....JI ~~_,...


    ca[na muwaa$afat
    n-namuuna.
    Give us a detailed
    description of the specimen.
    cation.

    ~y.-o

    mistaw$afp. -aat clinic.

    J~.J W$f

    J..o y. yoo$al)

    ~J WU$al (

    1. to arrive.
    ~...::....l,.:. J o;--:>- '-:?i 'ayy J;azza WU$alt? At
    what time did you arrive? ...:.J..p J ..?
    ~(.51:. mila wi$alt dbayy? When did you
    ~ive in Dubai? 2. to reach s.o. ~ J
    u---i ..b.....:.:. WU$alni xa!! 'ams. I rec~ived
    a letter yesterday. p.::l-1 ~ J WU$alni
    1-xabar. I received the news.

    j-PJ WG$$GI II 1. to give s.o. a ride.


    ~~}::--! .JL.kll ~.f .J~ tigdar

    J~,J w~f
    ~J WU$aj (~ y. YUU$if}

    1. to

    ~ y J...l.Qj'
    describe, depict. ~ ~~
    tigdar tuu$if-li /-beet? Can you
    describe the house to me? ~ J
    ~j ._A........p J WU$ajta WG$i/ zeen. I
    described it well. 2. to praise, credit.
    ~ o~ cJ ~ }Jl; ~~ ~ J WU$Gj
    s-seex
    b-1-karam
    fi ga$iida
    nabatiyya. He praised the Shaikh for
    generosity in a colloquial poem.

    ,.j_.pj l nwu$a/ VII

    haaoi min ~ifaat kariim 1-'axlaag. This


    is one ofthe qualities of noble-minded
    people.

    pass. of J...o J

    WU$G/
    U.,., #fa p. -aat quality, characteristic,
    trait. J')l.....>. ~I ~.? ..:.,..U,o Lr" t,fo:U

    lwG$$ilni 1-ma[aar b-sayyaartak? Can


    you give me a ride in your car to the
    airport? 2. to convey, take, bring (s.th.
    to s.o.). _r.-J-.1 J j.--..P J Jll _r huwa IIi
    WG$$01-li 1-xabar. He's the one who
    conveyed the news to me. ~
    _r-..lll J->- .U...0 y.
    _,ij kill sayy nguula
    ywG$$la l;agg 1-mudiir. He takes
    everything we say to the manager.
    Jl 0 _,..l.o J 0;-\1 0-! j WI .r-" 0 _,.....d.1- I_,11;
    ..r--::DI .J 'j J::. G~ (Jallaw yirfacuun sicr
    1-baanziin 'ileen WG$$aloo 'ila 8alaa8a
    duulaar !-liter. They kept raising the
    price of gasoline until they brought it
    up to three dollars per liter. 3. to
    connect, hook up, join. ~ J --4....l>.- ~~

    JS

    631
    ~~I 1_,1...) L... ..l.A.! ~ ,..l..>.-IJ <;L...

    (of lovers) . .!.llL.,.. J ~i 'abga wi$aalic.


    I would like to be reunited with you.

    /-beet yidiid w-fii maay waayid, bass


    bacad ma wa~$faw 1-kahraba. The
    house is new and there is a lot of
    water, but they haven't connected the
    electricity yet. ,~1 ?"h....;~ l~l
    ~~~ ill 1_,1....:> y. r-A-W rj'Y 'ioa tibga
    tista]ir s-szgga, laazim tis'alhum
    ywa~,~luu-lak 1-kahraba. If you to rent
    the apartment, you' II have to ask them
    to hook up the electricity for you.

    L....i..pi.J-0 muwaa$ala
    1. (p. -aat)
    communication,
    line of communication. ..::.o')\...__.,.,l_,il o)jJ wazaarat
    1-muwaa~alaat
    the
    m1mstry of
    communication. d'.>l..,.l_,il JL:- sibaag
    l-muwaa$alaat the relay race.
    2.
    continuation.

    J-.PIJ waa~al III to continue, go on


    with. ~/i ~ ~~.J~ J..-....IJ waa~al
    diraasta fi 'amriika. He continued his
    studies in America.

    J--.PI.J waa~il (act. part. from J..-.... J


    WU$a/) having arrived. J....IJ oy tawwa
    waa$il. He has just arrived. <;i ,.;.__ji
    ~J..-....IJ o~ 'inta 'ayya l)azza waa$il?
    What time did you arrive?

    J-.P y

    V (with Jl 'ila) to
    reach, attain, arrive at s.th. Jl W.,., y
    .h..., J j>- twa~~alna 'ila ball wa~at. We
    reached a compromise.
    twa~~al

    j-aJI tti~al VIII (with ~fi) to contact


    s.o., get in touch with s.o.

    ~L.... o..Lo

    J .JL......

    .:.r-" ~ ~i J)l>-i ;aar-li


    'al)aawil 'atta~il fiik min muddat
    saacteen. I have been trying to contact
    you for two hours. .J _,Al:J~ ~ ~I
    tti~al fiini b-t-talafoon. He contacted
    me by telephone.

    U.,., ~ila p. -aat 1. connection, link. 2.


    relationship.

    J-P.J

    wa~i/ (more common var. J~l


    'ii$aal). See J~l 'ii$aal below.

    J.J-".J WU$UU! (v.n. from J.... J WU$a/)


    arrival. J_,..., _,.!1 ~\......, saact l-WU$UUl the
    time of arrival.
    ~

    taw,~iila connection, contact

    (el.).

    JL..P.J

    wi$aa/ being together, reunion

    JL...:ztl 'ii~aal p. -aat receipt, voucher.

    Cj~.J w~y

    ~.rPJ wa$$a II I. (with foil. v.) to ask,


    request, order. LJ.. U <$~ ~ J
    ~ .rJ..$' wa$$eeta yistiri lana xamsa
    kee/u simac. I asked him to buy us five
    kilograms of fish. 2. (with ~ cala) to
    order, place an order for. ~ ...s-'"" J
    o~..b. ..::.0~ Wa$$a ca[a kabataat
    yidiida. He ordered new cupboards.
    ~ <;L!. ~ J ...::.-...,....) Wa$$eet-li cafa
    caay? Have you ordered me a cup of
    tea? 3. to advise, recommend . ...r".J..UI
    .____, .J..UI ...t..._..t.i L.. Jl........, J 1-mudarris
    wa$$aani ma 'ahidd 1-madrasa. The
    teacher advised me not to drop out of
    school. 4. to make a will. \... ~ ~ J
    ..::.ow wa$$a gabil-ma maat. He made a
    will before he passed away.

    p. ~ Ji 'aw$iya 1.
    guardian. ~ ~ J ~ huwa wa$i
    cafeehum.
    He's their guardian. 2.
    regent. ._}_rJI ~ !.$'"") Wa$i ca[a [-car
    (prince) regent.

    -.r-".J wa$i

    632
    ~J

    wa,s-iyya p. 4L.,.:.) wa,s-aaya, -aat


    will, testament. ~) !.1 _,...J \... rna tirak
    wa,s-iyya. He didn't leave a will.
    ~

    native dress.
    ~J wataniyya
    patriotism.

    l:t ,J w9'

    .}>I_J-A mwaatin p. -iin citizen, national.


    JIJL___..l ~l_y mwaatin 'imaaraati

    See':? JQ .J w9y.

    U.A.E. citizen.

    ,; .b ,J wtr
    ~ J watir p. JLJ, )\ w{aar time, era.
    G~i _).) .}'}- \..i _).) watirna geer wa{ir

    C l:t ,J

    1. clear, plain. ~~J


    ~\ J_r--:, ~ waa9i/:l mi8il nuur
    s-sams clear as daylight. 2. evident,

    obvious. ~ ~l_y ~..dl ...__;\ ~IJ


    ;;~~)I waa9i/:l 'inna t-tindeel mwaafig
    cala z-ziyaada. It's obvious that the
    foreman has approved the (salary)
    increase.

    wtn

    .}>~I staw{an X to settle, take up


    residence. ~pJI r.J ..:....:1_;.....I J-~1 ~
    baca9
    1-gabaayil
    staw{anat fi
    li-breemi. Some tribes settled in the
    Buraimi Oasis.

    .}>J watan p. Jl1} 'awtaan homeland,


    native country. d ) Jl ~ ...l:>-1) jS"'
    kill waa/:lid y/:linn 'ila watana.
    Everyone yearns for their homeland.
    I'
    gb) Jl J~_;.. ij~ J..__6
    \.ill
    1-falastiiniyyiin laazim yirjacuun 'ila
    wa(anhum. Palestinians must go back
    to their homeland. ~}I ....,..._,... l:zubb
    1-watan patriotism.
    ~ J watani 1. (p. -yyiin) nationalist,

    2. national. ~~i) ~~ ~~i ~


    ~) fii 'acyaad diiniyya w-'acyaad
    wataniyya. There are religious and
    national holidays. ~}I _rk ~
    matf:iaf gitar l-watani the National
    patriot.

    Museum of Qatar. ~}I ~ y.i ~


    bank 'abu 9abi 1-watani the National
    Bank of Abu Dhabi.
    3. native,
    indigenous. ~)

    v-W

    libaas watani

    w9l:z

    ~IJ waa9il:z

    'abbahaatna. Our time is different


    from our ancestors' time. JJ _).}I !.II~
    oaak 1-watir walla. That time has
    passed.

    w.b,J

    1. nationalism. 2.

    ~J

    ~\

    p.

    w9eehi

    J--!--

    ,!.\~

    -yya oryx.

    JLb

    ~)1

    li-w9eef:ii, taal cumrak, mi81 9-9abi.


    An oryx, may you live long, looks like
    a gazelle.
    J

    t.J

    wed
    ...L.S-J

    wucad (...!....>- y. yuucid) to promise.


    ;;~~j J ~ J..l.Y) wucadni yl:za,s-,s-il-li
    ziyaada. He promised me to get me an
    increment. o.l...,i_;j J...I.Z \... ~ ..l.Y j ~ Ia
    tuucid b-sayy rna tigdar tnaffoa. Don't
    promise anything you cannot do.
    ~~ ~ Lft>..l.Y) wucadha b-cigd
    oahab. He promised her a gold
    necklace.
    ~IJ

    waacad III =

    ..l.Y)

    wucad.

    ~lj"

    twaacad
    VI
    to make an
    appointment. J)L.':...:i) _}.L....i:.; L....;~lj
    L.....a. y. i L..r---' ~I ~) twaacadna

    nitgaabal
    w-nissaawaar w-nxatib
    l-bint min 'ubuuha. We agreed to
    meet, deliberate and ask the girl's

    633
    father for her hand in marriage.
    J-S. J wacd p. .) y) wcuud promise.

    ..!.L...# ..:_r-:!..UI J-!.o ~_,ll

    1-wacd miel
    d-deen caleek. A promise is like
    something you owe.

    J-.s.~ mawcid p. ~ly mawaaciid


    appointment, appointed time. c.,?J...;s.
    e:---J 4s-L.JI j--->-..lll ~I) ...l.._;y c;ndi
    mawcid wi.Y.Ya d-daxtar s-saaca tisic. I
    have an appointment with the doctor at
    nine.

    ~ t,.J wcp

    ..la.s.J wucap (.k....&. y. yuucip) to preach.


    .) ~Y-

    rL-' 1 ,;;~ 1 J-:.i

    ,t......J..I r~
    yoom 1-yimca, gab/ ~-~alaa,
    1-'imaam yuuci9 fi n-naas. On Friday,
    before the prayer, the Imam preaches
    to the people.
    ,..rLJI

    ~~ mawcipa p. .l:i..&.ly mawaacip


    sermon.

    'i t,.J

    wcy

    ~J

    wuca ( ~y. yuuca) to wake up,


    awaken. r_r-JI r:_r ~ J oy tawwa wuca
    min n-noom. He has just woken up.
    ~J wacca II to wake s.o. up. r:_r
    ...,.._J-- 4s.L.JI ~ J ~ min fap/ak
    wacciini s-saaca xams. Please wake
    me up at five o'clock.

    ~IJ waaci p. -yiin awake, conscious.

    ~I .:.r-- ~IJ l.....ii 'aana waaci min


    1-fajir. I have been awake since
    daybreak.

    h..i.J wfd

    .aJ wajd p . .)_,; J wfuud delegation.

    .J~.J wfr

    ;AJ waffar II

    1. to save, be economi-

    J5' ._:,

    cal. ~ } y. \... ........ _,.Li


    ~ yi~rif
    kill j/uusa. ma ywa.fjir saw. He spends
    all his money. He doesn't save
    anything. 2. (with ~ cata) to save
    s.o. s.th . ..:-JJ ~}y 0 J~4 }L..
    ..b:-IJ saafir b-{-{ayyaara. twa.ffir ca[eek
    wagt waayid. Go by plane. It will save
    you a lot of time. ~y. ~~ .) jS'\11
    o.r.--- ~JL.,.a.. ~ 1-'aki/ fi /-beet
    ywa.ffir ca[eek ma~aariif ka(}iira.
    Eating at home saves you a lot of
    expenses .

    _;J y twaffar V I. to be plentiful,


    abundant, to abound. e7)1 .) } _p. ~I
    ~IJ 1-yi/:zl:z yitwaffar fi r-rabiiC
    w-1-geep. Watermelons are plentiful in
    the spring and the summer. 2. to be
    saved. ~ ~~ .) ..:WIJ r:.r } _p. ~ cam
    yitwaffar min raatbakfi s-sahar? How
    much is saved out of your salary in a
    month? ~ ':i J } r- \... ma yitwaffar
    wala matliik. Not a plugged nickel can
    be saved. 3. to be met, fulfilled.
    ~ ~y; rj':i .1 J ? l kill s-sruut
    laazim titwa.fjir fiik. You will have to
    meet all the conditions . .!..Y ) y; \... l~l
    ~ ~ \... .1 J.rJI
    'ioa ma titwaffar
    jiik kill s-sruuf ma yigbaluunak. If you
    don't fulfill all the requirements, they
    will not accept you.

    J5'

    J5'

    ~ y tawfiir (v.n. from II) J waffar)


    saving. ~,PI .3 J..l;.p ~anduug t-tawfiir
    savings bank, provident fund.

    ;Ap mitwa.ffir (act. part. from V ) y


    twaffar) plentiful, abundant.

    634

    ~~,J Hfg

    JL.....,a... J

    ~,.-W J

    waffag
    II (common var. II
    waffaj)
    1. to grant prosperity or

    success to s.o.

    r-..lll . ::.. ~) ~) 2u1

    'a!!a waffagni W-$irt 1-mudiir. God


    granted me success and I became the

    ~anager. ~Y-J ~ ~ ;1- 2u1 'a!!a


    yir9a ca[eek w-ywa.ffifk May God be
    pleased with you and make you
    successful.
    2. (with 0:-! been) to
    reconcile, make peace between. ljlS'
    ~ L.O JJ ~ ~~J ~~j

    caanaw
    zacfaaniin wiY.Ya baca9 w-waffagna
    beenhum. They were angry at each
    other and we made peace between
    them. L...IJ'.lliJ y......;J10:-! ~Y ~

    $acb twaffig been s-sugul w-d-diraasa.


    It's difficult for you to reconcile
    working with studying.

    III (common var. III


    waafaj) 1. (with ~ cafa) to approve,

    J-!IJ waafag

    sanction s.th. ~IJ ~..dl

    authorize,

    'awwal

    taariix miilaada ywaajig


    rum9aan. His birth date

    coincides with the first ofRamadan.


    7. to correspond to, be equivalent to.

    ~"_>U) ..1.>-l) ~ly. ~l.J:-1 Ul Jl.,a..J JJi


    ~ 'awwal rum9aan s-sana 1-yaaya
    ywaafig waa}Jid w-ealaaeiin enacas.
    The first of Ramadan next year
    corresponds to December 31.
    J-!ly twaafag

    VI (common var. VI
    twaafaj) 1. to match each other. LA.
    J--JI_t:j L.... Jl_r---J~II hal-'alwaan rna
    titwaafag. These colors don't match.
    2. to get along together, agree with
    0_,.Q;I_,:; 1~1
    each other. ~ ~ ~

    J5'

    j-:!j

    'ioa tiwaafguun kill sayy yistawi

    zeen.

    If you get along together,


    everything will be good.

    ~~

    ttifag

    VIII

    to agree, reach an

    agreement.

    ril

    ~ l...:...WIJ Li J)L..::..i

    ssaawarna w-ttifagna ca[a 1-mahar.

    t-tindeel waafag ca[a

    We deliberated and agreed on the


    dower. .....,.,_,J.; !.\..l....:.$:- L.. u---1 , ~I .:_r-j

    z-ziyaada. The foreman approved the

    ...1....>.-IJ zeen ttafagna, bass ma cindak

    increase (in salary). 2. (with foil.


    imperf.) to agree to do s.th . .p ~IJ
    Li41J waafag yaji wiyyaana. He agreed
    to come with us.
    3. to suit, be
    agreeable to s.o. ~ly. L.. y......;JI L.A.
    has-sugul ma ywaajigni. This work
    doesn't suit me. 4. to agree, concur

    jluus waayid. Fine, we agree, but you

    o~L___:)i ~

    with s.o. ~

    J5' ~ ~1} .J~L..o ~i

    'inta $Gadj. 'awaafgak cafa kil/ sayy.

    don't have a lot of money.


    ~y tal-lt:fiig (v.n. from II~) wa.ffag)

    success, prosperity. ~yll 2u1 ~ cafa


    !!a t-tawfiig. Success is given by God.

    2ul .:.r- ~ l) ~_; tawfiigi}i sugli


    min 'a!!a. My success in my work is
    given by God.

    You're truthful. I agree with you on

    4....A!Iyo mwaafaga (v.n. from

    everything.

    waafag)

    5. to agree

    with, be

    beneficial for s.o. ~ly. L.. IJ..UI L.A.


    had-duwa
    ma
    ywaafigni. This
    medinice doesn't agree with me. 6. to
    coincide

    with.

    JJi ~ly. o~~ ~Jl_j

    1. agreement.

    III J.SIJ
    2. approval,

    consent. Lil>.-) ojl>.-t J->- ~ ..::.-o..U


    L..UI_,ll gaddamt talab }Jagg 'ijaaza
    w-yatni li-mwaafaga. I submitted an

    application
    approved.

    for

    leave and it was

    635
    JUiil ttifaag (v.n. from VIII ~I ttifag)
    agreement. JL_Ajlf~ b-li-ttifaag by
    (mutual) agreement.
    :i....,JUiil ttifaagiyya p. -aat agreement,
    treaty, pact.

    ._;.jl_,.. mwaafig (act. part. from III~~)


    waafag) (common var. mwaajij) 1.
    having approved, authorized s.th.
    o.)~)i ~ ~1_,... ~...L;:)I t-tindeel
    mwaafig ca[a z-ziyaada. The foreman
    has approved the increase (in salary).
    2. (adj.) in agreement. ~1_,... \jj 'aana
    mwaafig. I agree.

    ~...:.......i) <.S'!fi 'ayya wagt? At what time?


    L(l.) . ..:....j) o..L..:s- L.. rna cinda
    wagt. daayman masguul. He has no
    time. He's always busy. I,S"'"i J..ui \...
    .r=-L.. ..:.-J)1 rna 'agdar 'ayi. 1-wagt
    mit'axxir. I can't come. It's getting
    late . ..::...:;}I ~ ca[a 1-wagt on time.l)
    ..:.,_j)1 ~ fi nafs 1-wagt at the same
    time. L.......::i) wagt-ma when, at the time
    when. J--) ~J.JI ..;...;U ~ J L-:.i)
    wagt-ma ril;t caanat d-dinya lee!.
    When I went, it was nighttime.

    J_,.;...-.;...

    y tawgiit time, reckoning of time.

    ~ ~y

    .L..,All U-!.

    tawgiit ~eefi daylightsaving time. Js!'l ~_,:ll ~ l;asab


    t-tawgiit 1-mal;alli according to local
    time.

    father, God bless his soul, passed


    away on the day of the holiday.

    .___...::Ji y
    mwaggat
    temporary,
    provisional. ...::..-...:;_,... J J...L...>.- jadwal
    mwaggat temporary schedule.

    'i J,J

    w.fY

    twaffa

    to die, pass away .

    ~ y ,._...,..1- ~I '<.S'Y.j 'ubuuy,


    'a!!a yirl;ama, twaffa yoom t-ciid. My

    J ..f--"1

    stawfa

    to receive in full.
    stawfeet
    1-mablag minna b-1-guwwa. I received
    the full amount from him by force.

    ;; _,A)~

    .s.........;,.

    t-----W-1

    ~_,:..-....-I

    'JJ wafa, wufa loyalty, faithfulness.


    o'JJ wafaa (v.n. from v ~ y twaffa) p.
    ..;_,l,j) wafayaat death, passing away.
    ~J wafi p. L.:-! )j 'awfiya true, loyal,
    faithful. l)) J---:...\.....:> ,~idiij wafi true
    friend.
    ~Ji 'awfa (elat.) I. (with ,y min)
    more loyal, faithful than. 2. (with foiL
    n.) the most loyal, faithful.
    ~IJ waafi full, complete.

    l)l) ~

    mablag waafi full amount.

    u~.J wgt
    ~J wagt p .

    ..;_,u)i

    'awgaat time. l)

    t ~,J

    wgc

    t-!

    J wugac (ci y.. yuugac) 1. to fall


    down, drop ......... 1J JyU) -? J '11 ~
    wugac ca[a [-carp w-tcawwar raasa.
    He fell down and his head was injured .
    .,--<.;1) <$..!..: .:..,.-'
    J y-LI.I!-maacuun
    wugac min yaddi w-nkisar. The dish
    fell down from my hand and broke. 2.
    to fall. ,:r ...G:-1) ,;h.- y.. \...rna yuugac
    mu{ar waayid hni. Not much rain falls
    here.

    c!)

    c!)

    c!

    t-iJ

    waggac

    II

    1. to cause to fall.

    uPJ'J\ ~~))~I~\)~,)
    dicamt raaci s-seekal w-waggacta ca[a
    1-'ar(J. I hit the cyclist and knocked
    him down on the ground. ~ 1_,...:;)
    y ~I l) ..;_,IJL....J. waggcaw tisic
    tayyaaraat fi 1-l;arb. They downed

    636

    nine planes in the war.

    2. to drop.
    ~~J J y-t__ll ~ J waggact
    1-rnaacuun w-nkisar. I dropped the
    dish and it broke. 3. to sign . ._,.J.bJI (:} J
    waggac t-talab.
    He signed the
    application. ~ c!y.. L. rna ywaggic.
    yab-5urn. He can't sign. He makes a
    4. to cause to sign.
    fingerprint.
    ~ _,.1.1 ~ ~ J '-:-"'~1 li-rnbaasib
    waggac kill 1-rnuwa(J(Ja.fiin. The
    accountant had all the employees sign.

    twaggac V to be signed. JI.JJeyl


    ~y ~
    1-'awraag killaha
    twaggacat. All the papers were signed.
    t-!

    VI to quarrel, fight,
    dispute (with each other). L. ~ l.:....;l_f
    ~
    twaagacna cafa rna rniiS. We
    quarreled about nothing. ~ t5 J~ L.
    c}l_iJ J-~1 rna yindara lees 1-gabaayi/
    titwaagac. It's not known why the
    tribes are fighting each other.
    t-!ly twaagac

    U J wagac p. -aat l. a fall. 2. battle,


    combat.
    ~ y rnawgic p.

    c}ly rnawaagic place,

    location, site.

    c-Jy

    tawgW l. (v.n. from II ~ J


    waggac) signing. JI.JJeyl cj y tawgW
    l- 'awraag signing of the papers. 2.
    endorsing, endorsement. ...::...~1 cj y
    tawgW
    S:-seekaat endorsing the
    checks.
    3. (p. c-Jiy tawaagW)
    signature.

    t-i'J

    waagic 1. (act. part. from~ J


    wugac) having fallen. -.?J eyl ~ ~IJ
    waagic cafa l- 'ar(J. He has fallen

    down. 2. fact, matter of fact. ~1)1


    1-waagic the facts, the truth. ~1)1 ~fi
    l-waagic in fact, as a matter of fact.

    J~,J wgf
    ~ J wugaf ( ...:Uy.. yoogaj) l. to stop,

    come to a standstill. ~_,k.JI ~ l) ..J


    wugaf fi nu.J.J !-tariig. He stopped in
    the middle of the road. ~ J ~\.....
    saacti wugfat. My watch has stopped.
    ~ ...;..._;y.. J..J .Jlkll J:>- '-"""WI 1-paa.J bagg
    1-rnataar ween yoogap Where does
    the airport bus stop? 'J J-.;; ,._A.jJi
    ~ ~ :U.).ll L..:..JI CJ~ 'oogf,
    gabil-la truub. f-casa !-lee/a ca{a Ciisi.
    Stop, before you go. Dinner is at my
    expense tonight. 2. to stand up, rise .
    ._A.j} ,JI_;........ JLi U:lleen tis'al su'aal,
    'oogaf When you ask a question,
    stand up. ~~ ~ _r.. U:l ...:U Ji 'oogaf
    leen yrarnrnisk s-seex. Stand up when
    the Shaikh talks to you. 3. to place
    oneself, take one's stand . ...l:--- l) lyt! Ji
    ..G-IJ 'oogfu fi seed waabid. Stand in
    one line. 4. (with ~IJ wiyya) to stand
    up for, support, gack. JL>.- J ~..dl
    JL-.11 ~~J ~ y. U.:.b \.r-:!J t-tindeel
    rayyaal zeen; daayman yoogaf wiwa
    f-curnmaal. The foreman is a good
    man; he always stands up for the
    workmen.
    ~ J waggaf II 1. to stop, bring s.o.
    or s.th. to a stand still. ;;.JWI ...:U y 'j
    ~ Ia twaggif s-sayyaara hni. Don't
    stop the car here. 2. to park (a car).

    ~I I.JJ -J.J~ ~J waggaft


    sayyaarti wara !-bank. I parked my car
    behind the bank. 3. to cause to stand
    '
    to place in an upright position. J..u;
    ~.:..L.....I.J ~ .._u y tigdar twaggifcafa
    raasak? Can you stand on your head?
    ~- ~ J jA>U-1 ..::.-.....Qj J waggaft
    l-yaahil w-xal/eeta yarnsi. I stood the

    637
    child up and let him walk. 4. (with .;rcan) to suspend, prevent s.o. from.
    j-.JI .;r- o_,Aj J waggafoo can [-carnal.
    They suspended him from work. 5. to
    position, station, place.J:o ~ 1_,...uJ
    .r.j)l ~ y~ ~ waggafaw sirti
    ca[a baad maktab 1-waziir. They put a
    policeman at the door of the minister's
    office.

    J.i y twaggaf V pass. of II ...J


    waggaf.

    'i~J

    4....J_,,

    wgiya p. -aat unit of weight,


    approx. Y2 kilogram.
    C~J wkb

    r:lJ wakiib p. r:!J wikkab impudent,


    insolent. ~J ..LJJ walad wakiib
    impudent boy.
    ~IS'J wkaaba impudence, insolence.
    ..J~J wkr

    .}'J wakir p. J\.5"Jl wkaar bird's nest.

    J.iJ wag[ p . ._jlj Ji 'awgaafreligious

    ....;uJ \II o)jJ


    endowment, wakf.
    wazaarat 1-'awgaaf the ministry of
    religious endowments.
    UiJ wagfa p. -aat 1. stop, halt. 2.
    position, stance. 3. eve of a religious
    festival. JL.;a..J ..l..# 6....Aj J wagfat c;;d
    rum{jaan the day preceding the feaset
    of breaking the Ramadan Fast.

    J _,JJ wuguuf (v.n. from J.iJ wugaf)


    I. stopping, stop.
    rising.

    2. standing up,

    J.i y mawgif p. ....Ail_,.. mawaagif 1.


    stopping place, (bus) stop. 2. parking
    lot, parking place. 3. position, stand,
    opinion.
    J-jiJ waagif (act. part. from ....DJ
    wugaf)
    1. standing, upright.
    2.
    standing still, motionless. 3. (p. -iin)
    bystanders, onlookers. ~IJ y J\.5"
    (JL.:.ll J_,.b ~ caanfii waagfiin ca[a
    tuu/ s-saaric. There were bystanders
    along the street.

    J~JA mawguuf (p.p. from ....DJ


    wugaf)

    I. detained, held in custody.

    2. (p. -iin) person under arrest.

    wgy

    !.?;S'J wakri p. oJ\.5"J wkaara young


    peregrine.
    \

    J~J wkl

    J-.S'J

    wakkal
    II 1. to au~orize,
    appoint as agent.~ oj~l C:;! 1 ~J
    wakkalni 'abW s-sayyaara bagga. He
    authorized me to sell his car. 2. to
    engage s.o. as legal counsel. ..:.-.15'J
    ~ el~ if~ wakkalt mbaami ydaafic
    canni. I engaged an attorney to defend
    me.

    J-5j

    twakkal V 1. (with y b-) to act


    as counsel for (a case). ~~J if~ 1
    ~I ~~
    ~ li-mJ:zaami waafag
    yitwakkal b-oiic 1-ga{jiyya. The
    attorney agreed to take that case. 2.
    (with .;r- can) to act as counsel for s.o.
    .y jS'~ JiiJ waafag yitwakkal canni.
    He agreed to defend me. 3. (with~
    ca[a) to trust in, put one's confidence
    y twakkal ca[a 'a!fa.
    in. 11 ~

    JS

    JS

    Trust in God.

    J-1J wakiil p. "YS'J wukala


    vice-. .r.JJ

    1. deputy,

    J-$J wakiil waziir deputy

    minister. ;; )jJ
    undersecretary

    J.$'J

    wakiil wazaara

    of State.

    ..r-&J J.$' J

    638
    ~..,.--=JI

    wakii/ ra'iis s-sarika the


    company vice-president.
    2. representative, agent. ~_r!JI ~J wakiil
    s-sarika the company representative.

    LJlS'J wakaa1a p. -aat 1. agency.

    ~IS'J

    J~ \II wakaa1at 1-'axbaar the news


    agency.
    2. power of attorney. 3.
    deputiship, proxy. uiS'}4 f-j) waziir
    b-1-wakaa1a acting minister.

    J~.J wk1

    J5J

    wakka1 II = II j)i 'akka1. See


    under J ~ ~ 'k1.

    I J.J wlaa
    ~J

    wala (contraction of w-la) 1. nor,


    and not. ~~~ 'Y J l.i....2. 'Y Ia haaoa wala
    oaak neither this nor that. lh ~ L.o
    ~b 'Y J ma yabi haaoa wala oadk. He
    doesn't want this or that. 2. not even,
    not as much as.~ 'Y J c.,?J..:.>. L.o ma
    cindi wala matliik. I don't have even a
    plugged nickel. 'Y J \j...l..p L.o J J...li b. J
    ~ ril;na nl;adig w-ma $idna wala
    smica. We went fishing and didn't
    catch a single fish. L..l5" 'Y J J J u L.o
    ma gal-li wala calma. He didn't say to
    me even one word.
    J

    J.J

    wid

    time ago, a midwife was the one who


    helped women in their delivery. 2. to
    generate. 0 J..L.J y.. j...;; c:..r- ~ 0LS
    ~..UI j) J>" 4~ caan $acb min gabil
    J;agg kill
    ywallduun
    kahraba
    1-madiina. It was difficult some time
    ago to generate electricity for the
    whole city.
    3. to cause, breed,
    engender. 'Y J~ ~ ulr. ~IJ UI...L.,4.ll
    j)L....!..,.. ..Uy $-$adaaga wiY.Ya yamaaca
    mi8il ooo1a twallid masaakil. Making
    friends with people like these causes
    problems.

    ..L.J y twa/lad

    to be caused,
    engendered. J..+:l:-1 c:..r- ..U_yJ j)w.ll ~
    ha1-masaaki1 titwallad min 1-yahil.
    These problems are caused by
    ignorance.

    ..1...Jiy twaa1ad

    VI
    reproduce, propagate.

    to multiply,

    ..U j l nwilad VII to be born.

    ~J

    ~..:.;...LJ _,.;I

    ween nwilatt? Where were


    you born? c.,?)~ L) u..U j l nwilatt fi
    dbayy. I was born in Dubai.

    ...LJJ walad (less common var. wild) p.


    ~ 'Y Jl wlaad,

    1. son, child. c.,?...U J wlidi

    my son. Ail\~ ..LJ J wild cabda!!a


    Abdallah's son. 2. boy. d ~ J\1

    ..UJ wilad (..04 yaalad) to give birth to

    ~ ~ 0yl~) 0~ )~ ~'Y)\ ~.l.A.

    a child, bear a child. u..U J Ls--" .r2;, ...L-J-1 ,..U J ~L>.- J J;urumti ~lidat

    taal
    cumrak,
    haoeel
    wlaad
    yithaawsuun w-yi$$aall;uun b-surca.
    May you live long, these are boys who
    fight each other and make up fast.
    (prov.) .J!... ~ ~\
    wild c-calb
    calbin mi81a. Like father like son
    (derog.). 3. jack (in cards) .

    w-yaabat walad, l-J;amdu li-llaah. My


    wife gave birth to a baby boy, thanks
    to God.

    ..UJ wallad II 1. to assist in childbirth.


    ..Lly ~\ ~1..01 ~l.S' J}-dl .Jl...A )ll)
    a.....__. .)-1

    ji z-zamaan 1- 'awwali caanat


    d-daaya illi twa/lid 1-J;urma. A long

    ..u)

    o~ ~ J wilaada birth, childbirth. oL.S:..


    o~'Y_rll makaan 1-wilaada birth place.

    639
    o.:l~_,JI ~.JL.;

    taariix 1-wi/aada date of

    birth.

    J......J .}'" mawlid p.

    ..Uiy mawaalid

    birthday (of a prophet).


    mawlid
    n-nabi
    the
    (Muhammad's) birthday.

    ~I ..UY'

    ~ J wafac

    Prophet's

    l.jJ~

    ~~ miilaad 1. birth. 2. time of birth.


    .)~ ~

    or passionately in Jove with. I) ~ _;


    uly. twa/laC fi hawaaha. He fell
    madly in Jove with her.

    miilaad birthday
    celebration. .)~\ ~ ciid 1-miilaad
    Christmas. .:l')\..,l.l ~ gab/ 1-miilaad
    before Christ, B.C . .)~\ ~ baed
    1-miilaad after Christ, A.D.

    JJJ

    4 y tawliid (v.n. from J.J J wallad) J.


    delivery, assistance at childbirth. 2.
    3.
    act of generating (electricity).
    causing, breeding, engendering.

    JJJ

    w//

    JJ wall (interj. expressing surprise or


    astonishment) how strange! how odd!
    ~l.i.....a. .JL.D ~ !JJ wall! ceef $aar
    haaoa? How strange! How did this
    happen?
    I J JJ wllaa
    ~ J willa see under

    .,J JJ

    wllh

    ~JJ,. '1/h.

    ~JJ wlm
    ~ J wallam

    II (more common var. II

    j_r. barraz). See under j.J '":-' brz.

    ~IJ waalam III 1. to suit, fit. ji-;JI \...:.


    ~~J:! Lo has-sugul ma ywaalimni. This

    work doesn't suit me. 2. to be similar

    o.UIJ waalida p. -aat mother.

    tJJ

    J J ,. 'II.

    .fii1J wa!!a see under

    .UIJ waalid father . ..J.!J.ll_,ll/-waaldeen


    one's parents.

    ~,J _}'" mawluud (p.p. of J.J J wilad) 1.


    having been born. -......J.-1 ry.. .) _,JY' r
    huwa mawluud yoom 1-yimca. He was
    2. (p. ..L.-)1_,..
    born on Friday.
    mawaaliid) age group, age classes,

    wlf

    JJJ wi/fp. J~J wlaaf -aat valve .

    ciid

    I$~~ miilaadi 1. relating to the birth


    of Christ. 2. after Christ, A.D. a.:....
    t.P~ ~i sanat 'alfeen miilaadi the
    year 2000 A.D. ~.:l')\,..o d.;__. sana
    miilaadiyya year of the Christian era.
    ~~ 4..:.......... sana hijriyya year of the
    Muslim era, Hegira Year.

    = t.S .)-"' hawa. See under

    hwy.

    to. ~I.J ~ ly.. ~I.J raaya ywaalim raayi.


    His opinion is similar to mine.

    ~J waliima p.
    banquet.

    JJJ

    r- ~ J

    walaayim

    wlw

    members of an age group . ..l,:lly .y y.


    ~ J _..,
    ;J ._L..Jj huwa min

    _,..J J

    mawaaliid 'a/f w-tisic imya w-xamsiin.


    He's one of the 1950 age group.

    'aaxoa walaw tint mibtaaj-la. I won't


    take it even though I am in need of it.
    (prov.) .o....ai J~ _,J J !.I f."'" j\.;:l--1 ~ cati
    1-xabbaaz xubzak walaw baag nU$$G.

    wfc

    c}y twa/lac

    walaw (conj.) even though,

    although. ....J ( ~ ..:.-.:S _,J J o.b:.i Lo rna

    V (with l)fi) to be madly

    640

    approx.: You get what you pay for.


    (lit., "Give your bread to the baker
    although he may steal half of it.").

    ':? J.J

    wly

    JJ walla II

    I. to flee, escape . .:J

    JJ ,~ _,.....::JI jL....;:, leen caaf s-sir{i,


    wall;. When he saw the policeman, he
    fled. !J.J-:! ..J.,:. .o~ L. rna nibgaa.
    xaf!a ywalli! We don't want him. The
    hell with him! 2. ~I ~ Jf L. ~
    !~) ~ lee. rna twalli? stihi ca[a
    weehak! Why don't you get lost?
    Shame on you!
    3. to appoint as
    governor, ruler, etc . ..u)l j&- ~b- o~)
    wallaa baakirn ca[a l-balad. He
    appointed him governor of the city.

    J_,..s twalla

    V I. to be in charge of, be
    entrusted with. ~1)1 J) y. u"li ~ fii
    naas yitwalluun li-rnraagaba. There
    are people who are in charge of
    surveillance. 2. to come into power,
    take over the government. J l1 ~I
    ~ ~ j_;; ~I j_,..; o~ s-seex
    faa! cumra twalla l-fwkum gabil casar
    siniin. The Shaikh, may he live long,
    came into power ten years ago.

    J..f"-"1 stawla X

    (with ~ cafa) to
    control
    of, take

    capture, seize
    possession of. L.;.UI ~ J_,:...-1 J-):.1
    !-jed stawla ca[a l-rnadiina. The army
    captured the city. ~I ~ J.r----1
    stawla cafa 1-bukurn. He came into
    power. u')l.i ~ 1)~1) 0~

    'arnrak? Who is your legal guardian?


    ..y...JI JJ wali [-cahd successor to the
    throne, crown prince. 2. saint, man
    close to God (in Islam). l,:l)'i1) ~'J1
    1-'anbiya w-1-'aw/iya prophets and
    saints.
    ~~J wilaaya p. -aat I. state . ..:...~~)!
    ;;~1 1-wilaayaat 1-mittabda the

    United States. L.; J..T-) ~ ~) wilaayat


    'arizoona the State of Arizona. 2.
    sovereignty.

    JJi 'awla (elat.)

    I. (with .:.;-- min)


    more worthy, deserving than. 2. (with
    foil. n.) the most worthy, deserving.

    J..J--O

    maw/a p. Jl.r mawaali master,


    my lord . .ilJ1 -"" I.,?~ Y' mawlaaya huwa
    !!aah. My master is God.

    Jp

    mitwalli (act. part. from V


    twalla) entrusted, in charge.

    u-u u.J

    J;

    wns

    ~J

    wannas II to entertain, amuse,


    show a good time . ..G,.\J .._r, y. ....WI ~
    hal-muma(}(}i/ y.vannis waayid. This
    actor is very entertaining. Jl::JI ~.i,.:.
    r 6"
    ;)) o.r--J.I
    xaoeet li-cyaa/
    l-muntazah w-wannasittum. I took the
    kids to the park and showed them a
    good time.

    ._rJ y twannas V to have a good time.


    enjoy oneself. L..._; j J ..:r-~1 L>- J
    ri~ma

    fannasoo w-stawlaw cafa 'arnlaaka.


    They fired him and confiscated his
    property.

    1-babreen w-twannasna. We
    went to Bahrain and had a good time.
    LPUI
    J- \. :. . . . . . JP nvannasnafi n-naadi.
    We
    enjoyed ourselves at the
    clubhouse.

    JJ

    ._rJL:........o mistaanis (act. part. from X

    wali p. W} 'awliya l. legal


    ~ rninu wali
    guardian. ~~.r-"j

    JJ

    ._,.-i\.:.....1 staanas). See under'-"" u,. 'ns.

    641

    :.
    I.)MUJ wns

    .fJ J wins p. -aat winch.


    UUJ wnn
    ~ J wann (0 .J--!. ywinn) to moan, groan.
    ~ _,ll .y 0 y. ywinn min 1-wujac. He's

    moaning in pain.

    i.fiJ J waniin (v.n.) moaning, groaning.


    UJUJ wnwn
    ~ _,_J J wanwan (0 Y:, y. ywanwin) to
    moan repeatedly . ..:...itS'J ~/ ..::...;.-\.1.
    0 ~ y (aa}Jat marii{Ja w-caanat
    twanwin. She fell ill and was moaning
    repeatedly.

    "":' ~ J whb
    ~J

    wihab ('-:-"' y. yoohib) to donate,


    give, grant. ~~~I ~ r-"' J) 0 _r-1... '-:-"' J
    wihab malyoon dirhim }Jagg 1-'aytaam.
    He donated a million dirhams to the
    orphans.
    ~

    hiba p. -aat present, gift, donation.


    ,:,r- y 0"U. haaoi hiba minni lit.
    This is a present from me to you.

    .!..LJ

    ~uJ wahhaabi p. -yyiin Wahabi,


    Wahabite.
    ~Y' mawhiba p . ....,...._.,1__,... mawaahib
    talent, gift. ~}I ~ ~ y o..l.:>- cinda
    mawhiba ji 1-muusiiga. He has a talent
    for music. ~~ .:..;-- y y c?j_p, haaoi
    mawhiba min affa. This is a gift from
    God.

    ~_J-AY'

    mawhuub (p.p. from ~)


    wihab) talented, gifted. y .J-'b y (L....... J
    rassaam mawhuub talented draftsman.
    ~~J whg

    J.AJ

    wahhag

    II to confuse, mix s.o.

    Jll

    up. J.>l'y. o41 c..li


    'illi gilt-li-yyaa
    ywahhig. What you have told me is
    confusing.

    JAy twahhag

    V pass. of II wahhag.

    f"~J whm

    r-AJ

    wahham II 1. to give s.o. a false


    impression. ~ J ~I .J-'b . ~J) L.
    ~ ~~~ rna dareet. huwa lli
    wahhamnni b-hal-'asya. I didn't know.
    He's the one who gave me a false
    impression of these things. 2. (with 01
    inna) to make s.o. believe that. ~)
    0-:!j c4' _,ll 01 wahhamni 'inna 1-wa{Jic
    zeen. He made me believe that the
    situation was good.
    ~I

    ttiham VIII to accuse, suspect s.o.


    ~ ~I v--1 , .J-'b .:.r- J ~ L. rna
    ciraf man huw, bass ttihamhum
    killahum. He didn't know who it was,
    but he accused all of them. j:.QJ~ o~l
    ttihmoo b-1-gatil. They accused him of
    murder.
    ~ tuhma p. ~ tuham accusation,
    charge. v--1 '-?j_p, ~ .::.-!)--"'"' L. ..::..._ji
    ~ 'inta rna sawweet sayy. haaoi bass
    tuhma. You haven't done anything.
    This is only an accusation.

    ~J waham p. ~l...o> Ji 'awhaam

    1.

    wrong impression, delusion, fancy. 2.


    hallucination.
    ~J

    wahmi
    1. imaginary.
    2.
    fictitious. ~ J ~ sax$iyya
    wahmiyya fictitious character.
    ~41

    ttihaam (v.n. from VIII ~~


    ttiham) p. -aat 1. accusation, charge.
    2. indictment.
    ~

    mittahim (act. part. from VIII~~

    642

    ttiham) 1. (with y b-) accusing or


    having accused s.o. of s.th. ~ lii
    J y.J~ 'aana mittihma b-1-boog. I'm
    accusing him of stealing. ~~ oy:- j
    J y.J~ 4 --&-" zaxxoo linhum
    mittahmiina b-1-boog. They arrested
    him because they accused him of
    stealing. 2. (p. -iin) accuser.

    Poor me! I can't sleep nights.

    U(jJ wyn
    ~J ween

    where, what place. .:.r-J


    ~a..._,..}.~\ ~ J ween ri};,t 1-baar};,a?
    Where did you go yesterday? c.$ J~\ \....
    ~ J-J ma dri ween hum. I don't know
    where they are. ~o Jl_:...JI ...:......QjJ J-J ween
    waggaft s-sayyaara? Where did you
    park the car? J- J . !.1 W..::. L. o...L.o U J \...p
    ~ ~ $Gar-/ana mudda ma cifnaak.
    ween Cint? We haven't see you for
    some time. Where were you? J-J .:r
    min ween = ~ mneen from where?
    ~...:.-.ii ~ mneen inta? Where are you
    from? ~c..?L..:.,. ~ mneenyaay? Where
    are you coming from? L..P. ill~
    ~o J~l
    mneen-lak has-sayyaara?
    Where did you get this car? J-J c..ii
    !0-:!J ~ J 'inta ween w-huwa ween!
    What a difference between you and
    him!

    ~ mittaham (p.p. from VIII ~I

    ttaham) (with y b-) having been


    accused of s.th. j:AJ~ ~ mittaham
    b-1-gatil. He has been accused of
    murder.
    mitwahhim mistaken, wrong. r
    J~ .U _r...J.J ~ -~p ~ huwa bass
    mitwahhim. Ia ddiir-la baa!. He's just
    mistaken. Don't pay attention to him.
    ~p

    J(j.J wyd
    ~IJ

    waayid (less common var.


    waajid) I. (adj.) l) 0-:1...~>.-IJ U"l_j 4...J
    J _,_...JI jii naas waaydiin ji s-suug.
    There are many people in the marketplace. 2. (adv.) very . .:r-j ...1>.-\J waayid
    zeen very good.

    ..

    j(.$ .J wyz

    ~J

    ween-ma (conj.) wherever. ~J


    o~IJ C.J) 'C.J.I- ween-ma yruu};,, truu};,
    wiyyaa. Wherever he goes, she goes
    with him.
    ~(jJ wyh

    oj!.J wiiza p . .Y-J wiyaz visa.

    ~J

    weeh p. o.?-" J wyuuh face. ~I


    !~ J ~ sti};,i cafa weehak! Shame
    on you!

    dM(j.J wys
    ~J wees see ..fi. i 'ees under ~ l.j ,.

    ys.
    Jt.j.J wyl
    ~J wee! (usually with suff. pron.)

    distress, woe. !~ ~J weeli


    cafeehum! Poor fellows! I'm so sorry
    for them. !o~J ~ ya weelaah! Poor
    me! J.-)JI ~ui J..L..9i L. !o~J ~ ya
    weelaah! ma 'agdar anaam 1-leel.

    ....

    (.$ (.$ J wyy

    lt.IJ wiyya with. ~~~ 41J ~i ~i


    'abga 'ahci wiyya cabda!!ah. I would
    like to speak with Abdalla . ..:...->- J
    ~~~\) ril;t wiyyaahum? Did you go
    with them? !.\~\) \_ji ,J_,..A.; l.l- s-ma
    tguul, 'aana wiyyaak. Whatever you
    say, I'm with you.

    ll.j yaa

    .; J

    4 ya (vocative and exclamatory part.


    used in addressing s.o. or expressing
    admiration or surprise) !~ ~ ya
    ml:zammad! Muhammad! !~l..l.lJ \..!
    ya wild c-calb! You son of a bitch! I.!
    !~1~1 .J--!1 ya 'ibn 1-l:zaraam! You
    bastard!
    L: ya 'ummi! (respectful
    form of address to an old woman) (cf.
    k.-'. yumma! Mother!). ~ \..! ya yuba!
    Father! !~I ~ ~ !~ .J""' J -y.,_;. L: ya
    hala w-marl:zabaa! ya l:zayy a{{a!
    Welcome! !J..r-> \..!ya l:zasrati! What
    a pity! ~ \..!ya l:zeef(expression of
    surprise or sorrow). !lh ~ ~ \..!
    ya l:zeef tcamil haaoa! I'm sorry
    you've done that! How could you have
    done that? !~.J \..!ya rabbi! my God!
    !0
    , . ~ I.! ya x~uy! Brother! My brother!
    .ill~.! ya{{a see under "J J ~ '!/h.

    \,_.i

    "11.j yaa
    ~yaa name of the letter'-:? y.

    uI ~ ll.j

    yaabaan

    w~\.)1 1-yaabaan (less common var.


    0~\J.I!-jaabaan) Japan.
    ~~~ yaabaani
    J~l.>.

    jaabaani)

    (less common var.


    I. (adj.) Japanese.

    "---:,.; ~ \.: ;;}-:-'"" sayyaara yaabaaniyya


    Japanese car. 2. (p. -yyiin) a Japanese.

    f' J 6 ll.j yaa8wm


    Wj~ yaa8uum

    t ll.j

    J.f"'~ yaaxuur p. _r.->-ly. yuwaaxiir


    (more common var . .J~L:.,. jaaxuur).
    See under .JJ I rz_jaaxwr.

    c.)M

    lt,j yaas

    ..r4

    yaas: vi.!~ bani yaas Bani Yas


    (name of a prominent tribe in the
    U.A.E.). v~ ~ ~ $iir bani yaas
    island in Abu Dhabi.

    ul.j ('" c.)M ll.j

    0 yl>. jaa8uun) nightmare.

    yaasmyn

    ~~ yaasamiin (coli.)

    (bot.).

    s. -a.

    1. jasmine
    2. jasmine (perfume).

    ~WI J~ ~ r-)-1 lr"' ..L>.-IJ


    waayid min 1-l:zariim yitxannanin
    b-cu(uur 1-yaasamiin. Many women
    wear jasmine perfume.

    CJ J

    I l.j yaafwx
    t)~ yaafuux (less

    common var.

    t}L:.,. jaafuux) p. &ly. yawaafiix top


    of the head.

    UJ~ I l.j yaagwt


    ..::J}~yaaguut (coli.) sapphire. s. -a.

    JJ ('"I l.j

    yaamlw

    _,.l.o~ yaamlo p . ._:.,1_,1..\.: -waat rail at the

    poop of a ship.

    UJ c.)M ult,j yaanswn


    w_,....;~yaansuun (coli.) anise, aniseed.
    ~ l.j ~

    (less common var.

    yaaxwr

    ult,j

    yaan$yb

    ~~yaana$iib lottery.

    644
    ~ ~ yibal l:zafiit Mount Hafit

    o l'i yaah

    o4 yaah (common var.


    under o 1r;jaah.

    ob jaah) see

    ~~'i ybb

    yabbab II to utter long drawn and


    trilling sounds by Arab women as a
    manifestation of joy.
    UM~(,j ybs

    yibas (~ yeebas) to be or
    become dry. u;l ~~ l) ~I 0 ~
    ~j ~) ~ yl:zuttuun 1-cinab ji
    s-sams leen yeebas w-y~iir zibiib.
    They put grapes in the sun until they
    dry up and become raisins.
    ~

    yabbas II to dry, make s.th. dry .


    ..0.
    II 0~ ljL..S" 0--:!y.AJI ri l)
    (.Ju...U 4.....--i )J...l.,.:z,!J ji 'umm 1-giiween
    caanaw
    yyabbsuun
    s-simac
    w-y~addruuna lal-xaarij.
    In Umm
    Al-Qaiwain they used to dry fish and
    export it overseas. J...\J.I ~ ~ _r.ll I_,.!. I
    1-hawa 1-yoom yabbas li-hduum. The
    air today dried the clothes.

    pass. of II ~

    yabbas.
    ~i 'aybas (elat.)
    1. (with if min)
    drier than. 2. (with foiL n.) the driest.

    1. dry, dried out, arid.

    ~I J"'!l:! l_rJ.I 1-hawa yaabis 1-yoom.


    The weather is dry today. l..)"'"'!l:! p..>xubiz yaabis dry bread. ~~ ~ J...L.J.I
    li-hduum yaabsa. The clothes are dry.
    ~~ u-") 'ar{l yaabsa arid land. <~.....~IJ

    J"'!4 raasa yaabis. He's stubborn.

    J '-:' ti

    mountainous, hilly.

    ~ yabha p. -aat forehead. if ci./'

    ~ cirafta min yabihta. I recognized


    him from his forehead.

    ,.u'i

    ~4 yaabis

    ~ yibali

    O~(j ybh

    ~ tyabbas

    (near the city of Al-Ain).

    ybl

    ~ yibal p. J~ ybaal mountain.

    ytm

    ~ yattam

    II

    to orphan, deprive of

    parents. ~-l>.-IJ JY>-- ~ y ..,..J-1


    1-/:larb yattamat yihhaal waaydiin. The
    war left many children fatherless and
    motherless.
    ~ tyattam V to become an orphan,
    to be deprived of one's parents. ~
    J.-.Ab 0\5" u;l tyattam leen caan tifil. He
    became an orphan when he was a
    baby.

    ~ yatiim p. ~ yutama, r~i 'aytaam


    orphan.

    ~l.-=:~1 )~

    daar 1-'aytaam

    orp~anage. )~ ~ ~ J~ 0 ~ t_~
    r~~l tbarrac b-malyoon dirhim l:zagg
    daar 1- 'aytaam. He donated one
    million dirhams to the orphanage.

    CCti

    ybl:z

    yibl:z (coli.) watermelons. s. -a p.


    -aat. C:-"=! ~_r.-..::.1 stireet yib/:l. I bought
    some watermelons. 0).-u ~ J ~~
    1-yil:z/:l raxii$ hall:ziin. Watermelons are
    cheap now. ul..t.: ..;_,')\..j ~~I stireet
    ()alaa() yib/:laat. I bought three watermelons.

    JMct~ yl:zs
    ~ yal:zs see under ~ C r;jl:zS.

    645
    ~ cj C'i yl;ym
    ~ yal;iim (more common var.
    jal;iim). See under f' r:. r_}/;m.

    ' J Jcj ydd


    .J

    li ~ 'yd.

    ydd

    yadd p . .:.IJ.>..i 'aydaad grandfather.


    .J-""! i .J-"' t.> .J....>.. yaddi huwa 'ubu
    'ubuuy. My grandfather is my father's
    father. t.>..l.>.- ..!.>.- yadd yaddi my greatgrandfather. (prov.) .JY _;.,11 ..!.>.- yadd
    1-bagar Boor. Do not boast of your
    ancestors. \_;.:.IJ.>..i 'aydaadna our
    forefathers.
    ..1....;1:-

    t.> _,__ )

    iik yadda p. -aat grandmother.

    "'

    J Jcj

    ydd

    ~..L:o:-

    yaddad

    1. to renew. Li.:.J.>..
    o),. . . .JI ,]-"- ~I yaddadna 1-biima
    l;agg s-sayyaara. We renewed the car
    insurance. <..} ~ )_,..->.- ...:..>.:...!.>.- yaddatt
    jawaaz safari. I renewed my passport.
    2. to renovate, remodel, modernize.
    o\_;.:.J.>.. ~~ ..:..-........Ji /-beet catiij;
    yaddadnaa. The house is old; we
    renovated it.
    ~4 tyaddad
    yaddad.

    II

    pass. of II .:..J....>..

    ..l....i.k yidiid new, recent.~ .J lS_r-..:;.1


    ...L..,J.>.. stiraa-la beet yidiid. He bought
    himself a new house. ...L..,J.>.. .:_r-- min
    yidiid (adv.) anew, from the start.

    t Jcj

    ~..Jcj yrb

    (coli.) scabies. y ?.1


    1-yarab y~iib
    1-bacaariin marraat. Camels are
    infested with scabies sometimes .

    y y-.- yarab

    J.J.. yadd. See -41 'iid under

    "J Jcj

    haaoa 1-yidic xaa{i. This branch is


    empty of fruit.

    ydc

    t_ ..L:o:- yidic p. t_)J.>.. yduuc branch of a


    tree. .J_,_....s:.._. I~ o~I t_.J....>.. jidic
    li-syara haaoa maksuur. This branch
    of the tree is broken. JL> t_..Lhl I..L..

    ..;.;\.r---" J-.JL..,)I ~

    J~.r:-

    yarbaan infested with scabies.


    1-bacaariin yarbaaniin.
    The camels are infested with scabies.
    ~~_;>.- J-.J\...,JI

    Y .r:-i 'ayrab

    t.J ~..) cj

    L!\.;.r- yarbaan.

    yrbwc
    ~l.r-

    (J-!.1- yarbuuc p.
    jerboa, desert rat.

    yaraabW

    J..J cj yrd
    ~lr. yaraad (coli.) = jaraad (coli.)
    locusts. s. -a.

    ..)..) cj yrr See also,; r_,; r-}rjr.

    r. yarr (fiyyurr) to tow, drag along.


    C I~I ,]-"- L...,.) _;>.- . ...:..-.lk..; <}.J l,...--.
    sayyaarti tcattalat. yarrooha l;agg
    1-garaaj. My car broke down. They
    towed it to the garage .. J )~\ .), '1
    ...l,.-:;. Ia tyurr ~-~anduug. siila. Don't
    drag the box. Carry it. o.:. pll .r- yarr
    1-parda. He drew the curtain.

    _j-1 nyarr
    ~~

    VII pass. of .r- yarr .

    ytarr

    VIII

    to ruminate. ! j _,.:;.

    ~ ~\ cuuj! 1-biCiir yiytaar. Look!

    The camel is chewing its cud.


    _;-:?;" yarr (v.n. from

    .r- yarr) towing,

    dragging along.

    of. yarra p. -aat (earthenware) jar.


    )\f. yarraar p. -a at drawer (of a desk,

    646
    (with ~ eafa) to sit on, e.g., a chair,

    etc.)

    u I.S .J I.S

    --

    at a table. lS""'""' }JI ? __,-kl ~


    tfa(J(Jal iilis - eafa 1-kirsi. Please sit

    yryt

    ~J4 yareet

    = ...:...:)L..._. yaleet if only.

    ~~~i J...L_ji ~J~ yareet 'agdar


    'a}JaaCiiha! I wish I could talk to her.

    --

    .J ,J I.S .J I.S yrywr

    JJ-!..)'1. yaryuur p . ..r./r- yaraayiir shark.


    .J....$' .:r' <l....i )i>- 4 Lo ~I ~j

    J Y-..r.JI

    zeet s-simac ma yaaxouuna min cabd


    l-yaryuur. They don't take cod liver
    oil from the liver of a shark.
    .l

    t'J

    ycd

    0...1.&-\.t yaacda p. ~IY- yuwaacid goat.

    ,.t'i ygm
    ~

    yigam (~ yiigam) to gulp. ~


    op---:ll ...T'-y..S yigam glaa~ l-biira. He
    drank the glass of beer in one gulp.
    ~ yigma (n. of inst.) p. ~ yigam
    gulp. ~ l) 0_;.;-:.!1 ~ ....,.., ~ sirib
    botil 1-biiraji yigmateen. He drank the
    bottle of beer in two gulps.

    U~'J yfn
    ~ yifin p. J ~ yfuun eyelid. ~ ~
    i __,_jl u _/- L. yfuuni ma crafat n-~oom.
    I couldn't sleep.

    .l

    J 'i

    yld

    ~ yild (coli.) leather. b.

    ,jy juuti

    yild leather shoes. b. ~l>.- jaakeet


    yild leather jacket. '--' ))-\ b. I~
    ~laxaw yild l-xaruuf They skinned the
    lamb.
    I..)AJ

    J l.j

    yls See also u-uJ r;,Jls.

    ~ yilas (~ yiilis) 1.

    = ..l...:9 gicad.
    See also J...:9 gicad under J t ~ gcd. 2.

    down on the chair. ...}_rJI ? u--kyilas eafa f-ear to sit on the throne,
    acceed the throne . ...}_,.JI ~ ~ ..:.illl
    1-malik yilas cafa f-ear. The king sat
    on the throne. The king acceeded to
    the throne.
    ~ yallas

    II
    1. = II ..l...:9 gaecad.
    See II ..,L,j gaccad under J t ~ gcd. 2.
    (with ?
    cafa) to seat s.o., e.g., on a

    chair, at a table, etc. ...}_,.JI ~ u-kyallas cafa f-ears to crown s.o. o_,_k
    ...}_,...,JI ? yallasoo cafa f-earS. They
    crowned him king.

    '-"'_,....6:- yiluus (v.n.

    from~ yilas) 1.

    sitting. 2. sitting down. ? J"_,...k


    ._}_,...,JI yiluus cafa f-ear accession to
    the throne. u _,_l.J:-1 ...l...,:>- ciid l-yiluus
    accession day, coronation day.

    may/is p. u-IU.. mayaalis 1.


    living room. \Y o~J ~~~I
    s-sigga .fiiha may/is w-}Jijrat noom.
    There are a living room and a bedroom
    in the apartment. 2. council. ._,-is;
    <..> J~\ may!is s-suura the council of
    state. .:r--~11 ~ may/is 1-'amin the
    security council. t u..UI ~ may/is
    d-difaac the defense council. ._,-is;
    ~..tWI may/is 1-baladiyya the municipal
    council. t.r.-=JI ~ may/is s-syuux
    the senate. IJj)l ~ may/is 1-wuzara
    the council of ministers. 3. board,
    commrsswn. o)..))'\ ~ may/is
    1-'idaara the board of directors.

    ~L:o:- yaalis (act. part. from ._,-.1-:yilas) sitting, sitting down.

    647

    'f> f>l.j ymm

    .; f>l.j ymr
    ~ yamir

    (coll.) embers, burning coal


    or charcoal. s. o_r. yamra, p. -aat.

    t f>(j

    ymc See also

    tyammam V to substitute dirt or


    sand for water in ablution. ~ L... 1~1
    ~ L... ~ ~ rj~ ,(,GL,. 'ioamajii
    maay, laazim tityammam gabil-ma
    f$alli. If there is no water, you have to
    use sand (or dirt) before you pray.

    I" r:.Jmc.

    yimac (~ yiimac)
    l. to
    C:!-" ..r-.lll
    assemble, call together.
    ~ _,ll
    1-mudiir
    yimac
    kill
    li-mwappafiin. The manager called all
    the employees together. 2. to collect.
    1~1 J->" ..!"_,J.; I~ yimcaw fluus
    }Jagg s-suhada. They collected money
    for the martyrs. ..;..JL_s.~ 0 ~
    yiimacuun tabarrucaat. They are
    collecting donations. 3. to add, add
    up. ~~~~~
    ~ yimact kill
    1-'acdaad. I added up all the figures.

    JS

    f> f>l.j ymm


    ~

    yamm (prep.) next to, beside, near.


    <./- JW tacaal yammi
    w-cal/imni b-lli $aar. Come sit next to
    me and tell me what has happened.
    (,>~~I 01~..1..11 r- ~I l-ga$ir yamm
    d-diiwaan 1-'amiiri. The palace is near
    the Emiri Court. ~I r- ~; ri}Jt
    yamm s-seex. I went to see the Shaikh.
    r- .:.r- min yamm on the part of, from
    the point of view of. _;,;ly \.jj '-,/- .y
    min yammi, 'aana mwaajig. For my
    part, I agree.
    JL...,.:. Jl~ ~)

    J--5"

    t! yammac

    II 1. intens. of C:!-" yimac.


    to save (money), amass, pile up.
    ~ <.S~I) ...G.IJ J' _rli
    yammac
    fluus waayid w-stirac beet. He saved a
    lot of money and bought a house.
    2.

    e:r.

    Uft(j ymn

    L.l:- yimac 1. male's name. 2. ~I


    1-yimac, ~\ r~ yoom 1-yimac
    Friday, on Friday. a._,.J..1 r~1/-yoom
    1-yimac. Today is Friday. 3.M.'- j5" kill
    yimca, ~ r~ JS kill yoom yimca
    every Friday. ~I ;;")~__..,.:, $alaa(
    1-yimca the Friday (noon) prayer.

    ~1/-yaman Yemen.
    ~ yamani I. of Yemen, characteristic of Yemen. ~ ~ xanyar yamani
    Yemeni dagger. 2. (p. -yyiin, ~
    yamaniyya) a Yemeni, a Yemenite.

    ~ yimiin right, right side. !~ .b:.


    xio ymiinak! Bear to your right! ..:...::A)
    ~I Js- laffeet cala 1-yimiin. I turned
    right. ~I ~ -4pJI ~ maktab
    1-bariid cala 1-yimiin. The post office
    is on the right. ~ Js- ~ yilas cala
    yimiini. He sat on my right.

    e::---'Y.

    ~~ yaamic p.
    yawaamic
    mosque, esp. one in which the Friday
    (noon) prayer is performed.~_,.JI ~\),.1
    1-yaamic [-cood the grand mosque, the
    big mosque.
    4A.o~ yaamca

    p. -aat university

    J f>(j ym/
    J=3:' yimiil beautiful, pretty, handsome.

    .J 'i I

    ul.j

    ynaayr

    ,~-I:J.yanaayir

    January.

    648

    J f.S.. ~ j

    uf.S..

    ~.?:"

    UU'i

    J0

    ynzbyl

    yanzabiil (coli.) ginger.

    ynn

    yann

    to be or become insane.

    Q~l>- ~ ..:_,L.,. l+!l .t.....il ~ ~ ~

    oJ~ yannat leen smacat 'inna 'ibinha


    maat fi haadi8 sayyaara. She went
    insane when she heard that her son had
    died in a car accident. ~ ~U. ~
    .:.r" '~~ J )~ J _,_JI leen caaffafi
    s-suug b-duun daffatta, yann. When he
    saw her in the marketplace without her
    aba, he went out of his mind.
    ~ yannan II to make insane or
    crazy, madden. ~I~ J~ Jy.J,.I
    ~ y;>:- U-:~ll 1-yihhaal yfacbuun fi
    !-beet 1-yoom. yannanuuni. The
    children are playing in the house
    today. They drove me nuts.~ L!.Lr.
    jamaalha yyannin. Her beauty drives
    people crazy.

    .}.-1 nyann VII

    I ,:_r yann.

    ,j-?.' yinn (v.n. from .:.r" yann)

    I.
    3.

    insanity, madness. 2. delusion.


    (coli.) demons, devils. u-J-IJ ~'jl
    !-'ins w-1-jinn humans and demons.
    ~ yinni p. J y. ynuun genie, jinni.

    .<~.....J

    ~ Lo

    ma cafeek minna.
    maynuun. Don't pay attention to him.
    He's crazy. 2. (p . .J::.il?. mayaaniin)
    mad man, lunatic. oJ~ J ~
    ~----u~l
    maynuun.
    xaooo
    f-ca~fuuriyya. He's a mad man. They
    took him to the lunatic asylum.
    (prov.) .s.....;,.. ~i ~ 'j .!.L _r?. ~~
    'ig(Jab
    maynuunak Ia yiik 'ayann
    minna. A bird in the hand is worth two
    in the bush. (lit., "Hold on to your
    crazy person lest a crazier one comes
    to you.").
    ~i 'ayann (elat.) I. (with ,y min)
    more insane, crazier than. 2. (with
    foll. n.) the most insane, the craziest.

    J ~'I

    yhl

    ~~ yaahil

    1. (p. J4= yihhaal)


    child, baby, youngster. of. J ~ JY.'
    1-yihhaal yfacbuun barra. The children
    are playing outside.
    2. (p. -iin)
    ignorant, uneducated person. \... .~\.:.:.
    ~ yaahil.
    ma yiftihim. He's
    ignorant.
    He doesn't understand.
    ~ 'Y J ifi 'Y .~l>.- yaahil. Ia yigra
    wala yiktib. He's illiterate. He neither
    reads nor writes.

    J.J~'! yhwd

    yanna p. -aat, L>~ ynaan 1.


    beautiful garden. ~~I IJJ wara
    !-beet yanna. There's a beautiful
    garden behind the house. 2. paradise,
    heaven. ~\) U-1!-yanna w-n-naciim
    paradise and the blessings of God.

    yahuud (coil.) Jews. s. '-P ..~'+' -i.


    f. L..!~.*- -iyya. ~ilS}--aJIJ~..~~'
    yL...:5JI 1-yahuud w-n-nasaara 'ahl
    1-kitaab. Jews and Christians are the
    people of the Book (i.e. people who
    have sacred scriptures).

    .:..r- yann) = .:..r-

    t.J(j ywc
    (Y. yuuc (v.n. from t l>.- jaac) hunger,

    ~~ ynuun (v.n. from

    yinn.
    ~ ~ maynuun I. (adj.) crazy, insane.

    ~~

    starvation.

    tY-' ..:..r--- wL.

    maat min

    649
    ca[a gadd 1-l;laal. A coolie's daily
    wage is not much. ~ L.. .J Ju oy.i
    .r-j V'JJ....t. L... l.ll4.J!. 'ubuu gal-lama
    ycatii yoomiita 'ioa rna yidris zeen. His
    father told him that he wouldn't give
    him his daily allowance if he didn't
    study hard .

    1-yooc. He starved to death.


    .;,~_p.-

    yuucaan p. -iin hungry, starved.


    ..L:>:-IJ ~J ~\; y.- ..::..:5' Cint yuucaan
    w-kaleet waayid. I was hungry and ate
    a lot.

    ..JJ(j ywr
    ~l_r.-->.- yiiraan neighbor.
    JL.:.. J Li }~ yaarna rayyaal zeen.
    Our neighbor is a good man. (prov.)
    !.l)~ ~ !.l JL..:.. yaarak Oumma daarak.
    Your neighbor is more important than
    your home.

    )1-:o!- yaar p.

    .r-j

    JJ(j ywl
    Jl_p.- yawwaal p. ally.- -a male dancer.
    {,$ J J {,$ ywly

    - 4-_p.- yuulya July.

    f'J(j ywm

    r.H

    yoom p. ~~i 'ayyaam l. day.


    ~ .J!. !.l~ ..::,.__L,. yilast hnaak
    yoomeen. I stayed there for two days.
    ~4i 4.:;..... ~ cugub sittaJ ayyaam in six
    days. ~;ll ~ ~ yoom 1-xamiis on
    Thursday. ~~I 1-yoom today. (prov.)
    ~ ~~J ..!.U ~ J~ yoom lak w-yoom
    ca[eek. Laugh one day, cry the next. 2.
    (conj.) when, the day when = L.. ~ .J!.
    yoom-ma. ~...U\ ~ .,..._.;;, <,>lll ~ L.. ~ .J!.
    yoom-ma $GXXanna [-maay sirad
    d-diic. Forewarned is forearmed.
    ~y, yawmi

    daily. "-:--.J!. o~.i"' jariida


    yawmiyya daily newspaper.

    y y, yoomiyya (adv.) I. daily, every


    day. L:--.J!. ~ ~ yifta$il fiiha
    yoomiyya. He contacts her daily. 2. (p.
    ..:..y.J!. -yyaat) daily wage, day's pay.
    JU-1 ...l.i Js- J_,s:JI 4..:--.J!. yoomiit 1-kuuli

    ywny
    .. u..J4ei-y,yuunya
    June.

    {,$

    'i'i

    {,$

    yy
    1-:o!- ya (less common var.ja)(0yiyi,
    yaji) I. to come, come to. u-'1 ~ l>.
    ya gab/ ams. He came before
    yesterday. \.~,. ~ !.? mita yiit hini?
    When did you come here? ..:..L..>.
    4.>.- Ju.JI yat s-saarja. She came to
    Sharja. p.1J ~L.:.. yaayni w-stika.
    He came to me and complained. 2.
    (with foil. imperf.) to come in order to
    do s. th. V'J~ l>. ya yidris. He came to
    study. V'_,...1; ~ !.lL.:.. yaak yatlub
    jluus. He came to you to ask for
    money. 3. to befall, descend upon.
    o..l.>.-IJ '-:-:!UI -iL.:.. ~ ,c;~L.AJI ~
    bageet 1-faayda, bass yatni l-ma$aayib
    waayda. I was out to make a profit,
    but (instead) my disasters struck me.
    ~l_j)I Jl...>. Lo ...,-...! J~ ..:.....:5' cint
    tacbaan bass rna yaani r-rgaad I was
    tired, but I wasn't sleepy. o~WI ~l>.
    v---i yatha [-caada 'ams. She had her
    period yesterday. 4. to come to, come
    one's way. J <,>..U J .:.r" .:,r-j p>- .;t>.
    ~.J"i yaani xabar zeen min wildi fi
    'amriika. I received good news from
    my son in America. U. .:.r" ~ Y,
    ~tJ~I su yiik min hal-masruuc?
    What do you get from this project? L..
    ~\.) Jl o~~j -iL..:.. rna yatni zyaada

    650

    'ila oall)iin. I haven't gotten a raise up


    to now. 5. (with Js- cafa) to fit, be
    big enough.

    ~ ~ L. ~_,.J:-1 LA

    hal-juut rna yaji ca[e-ek Th~se shoes

    waa

    L-!1 -waa- (with suff. pron.): ~41 ~


    cateeta-waahum. I gave them to him.

    ":J 'i 'i wb

    are too small for you.


    ~ yawa (n. of inst.) p. -aat

    l'i'i

    1.

    coming, arrival. Y~ ,J-!.) 0-' min


    ween yawatta? Where did she come
    from? 4-i~ J ~ !t4--) '":J..A 4 ya

    hala w-mashala! yayyatkji mukaanha.


    You are welcome! Your arrival is
    timely.
    2. visit. ~ o.r.:r ~
    yayyatkum caziiza ca[eena. Your visit
    is precious to us. 0:-- y.. !~I LA~)

    !.._,-..! wees hal-yayya! yoomeen bass!


    What a (short) visit this was! That's no
    visit! Two days only!

    ~~

    yaab

    (~

    fetch. L......J...U.I .:.;--o

    yiyiib)

    1. to brin,

    JWI

    ~ yibt

    fi-cyaa! min 1-madrasa. I brought the


    kids from school. ~~

    J.r->-

    \..J. yl.:.,.
    yaab !aha l)yuul oahab. He brought
    her gold bracelets. 2. to give birth to,
    have (a child) . ..U J ~b.- Ls-" .r l:zurumti
    yaabat walad My wife gave birth to a
    baby boy. 3. to come up with. L. I~!

    ~ ~i .?~ V"'pi ~ 'ioa rna


    tyiib lijluus baaCir 'astiki cafeek If
    you don't come up with the money
    tomorrow, I \\.ill sue you.

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