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    German Insignia of WWII

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    German Insignia of WW II

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    Ruffy81
    German Insignia of WWII

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II EDITED BY CHRIS BISHOP AND ADAM WARNER GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II Edited by Chris Bishop and Adam Warner CONTENTS Death's Head Nuremberg Rallies SA Storm Troopers Hitler Jugend Party Colours Luftwaffe The Fiihrer’s Bodyguard Medals and Orders Nazi Porcelain Party Favours The Nazi Eagle SS-Polizei NSKK SS-Documents Nuremberg Memories Hitler as Icon Panzerwaffe German Army SS Cuff Titles Infantry Equipment Reich Labour Service Foreign Legions Schutzstaffel Personalities Party Art Nazi Daggers Nazi Education The Swastika The Iron Cross Nazi Media Foreign Nazis Reich Security Civilians in Uniform Party Members Index 10 16 20 24 28 32 36 68 72 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 DEATH'S hMERD The piratical skull and crossbones or Totenkopf has become infamous as a symbol of the SS. But for Germans, the Death's Head has a much older history, rich in military associations. Left: Kurt ‘Panzer’ Mayer was the Above: igh-wing Feikorps volunteers, Youngest divisional commander in the played a major part inthe politica! 58 Seen hore 263 Sturmbanntuhrer on Unrest which followed Germanys NCO:pattern ‘crusher field cap with an Froikorpe unit adopted the Deaths ta Prussian style Totenkopf head as @ symbol EATH’S HEADS were associated with the SS from the beginning of the Nazi period. T n-tiny formation which was Hitler's yguard wore them, 0 Uisingush the chosen elite rom the brawling mass of ownsirted SA stormtroopers, itopfe adorned the smart tif of Hitler's Leibstandarte-SS guard during he pty allics ofthe 1930 sill being worn atthe end othe war, as camouflaged SS soldiers m: las futile defence of Berlin saint the ning might the Red Army, But it was as hosen symbol of the jerbande ~ the acentraion camp guards ~ that the Death's Head acquir haifie associat MILITARY SIGNIFICANCE However, the Totenkopf was not chasea for its ghoulish pearance: rather it was a way linking the SS with famous nifty units of German history Asa symbol of mortality, tho sll and erossbones can be feund on graves and headstones all over the world, Itis also an ancien military symbol, since wars absolute and allows no falf measures between defeat or ‘ictory. For the soldier, the Death's Head carries tw smessiges ~ death or glory and iteonsequently became the cap badge or insignia of élite formations which were pre to fight to the death HISTORICAL SYMBOL th century the Prussian bovyguard uniforms with a badge on their fur busbies, memory of King Fredrick Wiliam I The Deaths Hen Hussars were among the Prus feaees which proved decisive on te feld of Waterloo. Troop from Brunswick also wore their ‘own version of the Deaths Head, GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II ‘Above: Although many brave men fought under the Totenkopt. ‘also presided over some of the Wark most shameful dood = when 8 troops massacred more than 70 americans at Matmédy During World War I a nurnbe ff German army units used the Totenkopf as symbol, notably the Ist and 2nd Battalions of Tnfanury Regiment 17 und the id Battalion of Cavalry Regiment 13, Inthe last year of he war, Stormtroopers and flamethrower units also went into battle under the Death's Head, as dd the first German ank nits, As a result the Death's Head was to become the standard insignia of German soured troops daring World 1 chaotic conditions prevailing in Geemany at the end of World War I, 2 number c Freikorps units painted crude Death's Heads on their helmets ind Vehicles. The first Nazi unit to wear the symbol was the Stosstrupp Adolf Hitler, the leader's personal body guard established in 1923, which was to evolve into the SS. By ust the Totenkopf they associated themselves not only with élite fighting units, bu also with those hey saw as holding the frontline in the struggle Bolshevism and So. WAR SURPLUS Initially the SS used war surplus nal Prussian examples ofthe 0 pattem Totenke todo so until 1934 when the ewly expanded German army established its frst Panzer unit, Panzertnuppen wore a black uniform, pink edged collar patches dnd an aluminium Deaths Head in the Prussian pattern. It was then thatthe SS evolved ind continued version used by the army Other military units to sport Deaths Heads during World War Il included the army Sth Cavalry the Lattwaife's Kampfgruppe 5. Lett: Sepp Dietrich rose through the SS from being 8 street thug to command lan Army Group. Hels seen herein winter geor with 9 188epatter Totenkopt on fi fur hot TOTENKOPF » OF THE SS hen the Stosstrupp Adolf Hitler was formed in the mid-1920s as Hitler's body guard they adopted a black cap and distinct themselves apart from the brown ranks of the SA. The cap eagle held a Totenkopf in ite claws rather than the red, black and white national cockade, ‘As the party expanded, the bodyguards provided the nucleus for 2 number of small protection squads which provided a party- wide security force. These ‘Schutzstaffeln quickly became known as the SS. Originally, the SS used ‘the traditional Prussian pat- ‘tern of Death’s Head, but in 1834 anew design with a jaw bone was adopted to distinguish the SS version from those used by the ‘Wehrmacht. This was ini- tially made in coated Below: The first Deaths Heads tused by the SS were originally ‘manufactured during World War for some of the toughest, hardest fighting unite of tho Kolser’s army. These included Storm iroopers, early tank erews, ‘and flamethrower troops bronze, but later appeared in stamped aluminium, in zine alloy, in cloth and and in woven aluminium thread for the 1943 pattern com- | bat caps. The Totenkopf also appeared on the SS ‘trumpet banners, on drum on $$ rings, on daggers and on flags. As the SS expanded it split into two. The Waffen-SS fought as sol- diers in Russia, Italy and north west Europe, The Allgemeine or General $5 was the home. based service, and included the sinister $8-Totenkopf- verbande (SSTV} who pro- vided the guards for con- ‘centration camps and later for extermination camps. The SSTV provided much ‘of the manpower for the Totenkopf field division which was formed in 1939. Whereas most of the Waffen-SS wore the SS runes on the right collar patch and their rank on the ther, the men of the Totenkopf division wor the Death’s Head on thei collars and as a cuffband to show their different origin, RMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II NE OFTHE key | Marxists, olshevists, pacifists, | and party members. The SA | Hall) Hitler gave the same images of the the Treaty of Versailles, the | (Sturmabreilung or assault speech four times to audiences Noremberg Rallies | Weimar Republic, France and | detachment) was on eall fora | of 2,000. is of massed ranks | Soviet Russia, modest parade. Briefly known ‘of Storm Troopers, This image was created in ‘on its foundation in 192] asthe HITLER BANNED SS men and Nazi | large part by Leni Riefenstahl’s_| party's ‘Gymnastics and Sports | For his part in the 1923 Beer Party officals powerful film Trivmph des | Division’, the SA was the Nazi | Hall Putsch, Hitler served nine framed by hundreds of red, Willens (‘The Triumph of the | paramilitary wing, intended 1o | months of a five year sentence White and black swastika Will") which recorded the 1934 provide the movement with an__| in Landsberg am Lech pris banners, the whole assembly | rally. However, it does not offensive street fi force. | Party membership was greatly echoing tothe roar of thousands | reflect the modest beginnings of | At the urging of Julius reduced after the Putsch, and ‘of voices shouting “Sieg Heil”. | the annual Nari party Streicher, the second rally, in| after his release Hitler was The other abiding image is of | gatherings, August 1923, was held at banned from politcal activity in Adolf Hitler's sweating face The rallies were known as Nuremberg. This included a two | most major cities, so the next slistening in the stage lighting, | Parteitage or Party Days. The | hour parade by $0,000 Storm | rally in Weimar was not holding his listeners spellbound first was held in Munich in 1923 | Troopers and at the until July 1926, as he rants against Jew and attracted 20,000 spectators | Ausstellungshatle (Exhibition This was the first rally to be Bolow: Adolf Hitler addroseos ‘more than a quarter of @ milion followers atthe 1833 rally the frst after the Nazis came to power PARTY SPECTACULAR The incredible spectaculars which took place at Nuremberg have gone down in history as the definitive pre-war face of ee the Third Reich. “ GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IT “wat Party Days, the marriage between the NSDAP and the ;, beople is consummated anew, year after year.” “Swastika on our helmet, black-white-red ) armband, = Sturm abteilung Hitler is our name” Early SA Fighting Song * baa oe rae a oe oe ro eS = 7 a Cd s ot rs Pp Bi pee ation of the banners with the blood of martyrs: the Blutfahne Probably the most revered symbol in ‘iene Rach the Bstoone wos Ove othe Regarded as aholy je, tas plac keeping of the SS in _ 1925, and Jakob Grimminger was appointed | Feldzeichon or banners of newly-formed SA | units and SS Standartan. These almost lina ritual which resembled the bles military colours in Christian armies, Hitler acted lke a high-priest. Holding the Blood Banner in one hand and the new standard a the other, ‘transmitted tothe other By holding the two flags in contact for a few seconds, Blutfahne made a ‘mystic connect batween the new Nazi units and the fighters | and martyr ofthe early days of the movement. al would remain one of the most ‘the Nuremberg ceremon ‘Above: The fist four party Felzeichen or ‘aetild standards re paraded on ‘Munich's Marstld in 1928 Loft Hitler consoeratos aw Felden in ‘quasteligious ‘erameny by touching them with the Blutfahne. Aight: The Biutahne twas in the keeping of the SS, and was Corfod Ll is disappearance at the end of the war by “akob Grimminger: Below: The four original standards were the fist ‘fmany: each represent Standarte of the SS or the A GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IT “Above: From 1934 the ‘eich Labour Service played an important role ‘St Nurembor: this the “army of Labour’ on parade atthe 1935 ral. Fight: Members of the Motorised SA poss through the ancient Streots of Nuremberg: Aftor the 1936 rally tis ‘organisation became the SKK National soxialitische iattatverkorps or Nazi ‘motor corps) Below: Although vast eutnumbered by the SA, the block shirted SS wie tobecome much more Induortiat in National Socialist Germany. Leni Riefenstahl deployed 30 cameramen and bad spec trackways and elevators by produce dramatic shots of rally, The film which emerged is probably the most powerful piece of propaganda ever created. It tuned Hitler into a ‘Wagnerian hero, arriving by aireraft through towering clouds, Riefenstahl’s ‘memorable images included massive torchlight processions, the unfurling of 21,000 flags and the sight of 50,000 men of the Reichsarbietsdienst standing with their shovels glitering in the sun. “Triumph of the Will received National State Prize, \d medal of the Venice estival and a Grand Prix (OF the French government atthe Paris Film Festival ANTISEMITIC LAWS Hitler took the opportunity of the 1935 rally to present the Nuremberg Lavis on race and citizenship. Directed primarily atthe Jews, they made clear to the rest of the world the true character of the new German government. For the first time the armed forces paraded tanks, armoured cars and airerat, In 1936 in a rally with the theme ‘Honour and Freedom’ there were more military parades. A year later in ranting speech Hitler told his audience thatthe Third Reich ‘would “last fora thousand The final and greatest Nuremberg rally was held from September 5 to 12, 1938. Each day was dedicated to a separate theme: Welcome, Congress of Labour, Fellowship, Politics, Youth, Storm Troopers, and finally the Armed Forces. The rally incorporated all the ‘accumulated experience of past years with parades, banners, reviews, speeches, torchlight processions and fireworks. Over fone million people attended and hundreds of reporters from throughout the world covered fan event which seemed like a triumph, but was in reality the requiem for the Reich, rey iepart UD babel ft GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IT SA STORM TROOPERS The brown-shirted stormtroopers of the Cl Sturmabteilung, or SA, were the shock troops of the =| National Socialist movement. Their task was to deal with enemies of the party — violently, if necessary. HE SA WAS THE ineaparatng them into a single cegansation. Or the ‘Sports andl Division ~ par Gemany under the terms of th Above: n the early days SA tniforms lacked consistency mbes often wearing the 08 edges but with the adetion of 2 ‘and black Swastia Left Adolf Hitler stands ‘trroundied by his falta! folowers: young brownshirts imonding the NSDAPS Furerschule, or leadership choo! Most have the rank of Sthartihrer or borseharfvor GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IT Above: SA Stabechet Ernst Rohn works in his palatal ofc. Rohm was & former army officer ‘who In 10 years built the ‘ap froma band of Street thugs ta two- Inilien-strong force with Smbitions fo replace the ‘Gorman army. Right: Sonior SA officers march through the had evolved into a range of untrm clothing for ‘st ocasions. Below: Once the Na camo ta power the. tas unleashed on their ove. Hore a storm trooper stands guard rested ina night raid. ‘ost wil be sent to ‘Concentration camps. SA STORM TROOPERS: Above: The SA stressed sports as an important part of ‘raining, Members of the SA and the NSDAP competed for the 8A Sports Badge st official meetings, and officials ‘wore the insignia of the SA Sports Bodge Assocation. Below. This tunic belonged to SA Obergrunpentibrer {Goneral) Wilhelm Helfer A World War veteran I took part in the 1923 Putsch, and was the 14th holder ofthe flood Order. seen here on the right breast pocket_On the left pocket are the Black Wound Badge left} War Mert ross n Siver Ipottom), 1933 Brunswick Rally Badge ight) and the NSDAP Gold Party Badge of Honour (cp) Above: The brownshirt worn Below: Insignia of SA Standarten bi ssarfhror (NCO) of 497, based in Wosiphalla. The unit Surstondorte 2 Dietrich Eckart, was named after Ludwig Themetal gorget was worn by _Kriekmann, an early Nazt fighter fandard besrers. Named after He dad In 1923 during tho Aled ‘nef the founders of the Nasi aecupation of the Rul drowning movement the unit wae given While trying te swim a river to thee by Hider fn 1937. tscape lrom a Belgian patrol ry GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR I HITLER JUGEND HE HITLER Youth was founded in 1926 by Kur Gruber. A branch of the SA. it was he NSDAP, and its Formation reflected the popularity of youth movements all 0 P he 1920s and 1930s. It received official 1926 Reich Party Congress it was there that Julius coined the name Hie often abbreviated 1 Tn 1931, the 24-year-old Baldur von Schirach was and in 1933 appointed its lea it absorbed all other youth movements in Germany. The only exceptions were a numer ‘of Catholic groups, which were banned in 1936, In April 1939, a Jugenddiensiverordeung 0 ‘Youth Service Order” made From tiny beginnings in 1926, the Hitler Youth grew with the Nazi party to become the dominant organisation for German children and teenagers. Bolow right: The Bund deutscher Made! ~ League ‘of German Girle— was the emaleequivatent to the Fier Youth, Fight: One of the ‘most evocative ofall Images of the Hitler ‘Youth ie that of ‘gumpeter sounding @ fanfare st party Below: The ‘youth’ days at the annual Nuremberg rales were amongst the most enthusiastically {ttonded of ail Youth fas important co Hitler and the Nacis— ‘you earch them young and Impresstonable, you hnave a convert frie ership in the HU for military service. They were taught to dive, to fly elders, to handle small craft 0 shoot, and ‘were trained in small unit teties, With the outbi older HI met into fre fightin protection duties, fe Tor military service, By the end ‘of September 1939 more than a million Hitlerjugend were helping with the war effort. Most of the HU leaders joined the fighting services Baldur von Schirach entering the army’s elite Grossdewtschland infantry BOYS INTO BATTLE From 1943, with the war tur ‘against Germany, the HJ entered ‘combat ~ primarily crewing ant raft guns, However, the most radical move came when 17- and wen the 12th 1-year olds were ‘opportunity to serve in th SS Panzer Division Hit he division fought fanatically in Normandy, suffering 60% killed, ERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II ‘Above: Military traning was a key part ofthe ils activities. The bays were introduced to It young: these arett- and Ta-year old pimpte ofthe Jungvolic wounded of missing in under a ‘month, By the end of the war from the BAM were servi Flak units, and some foug antitank gunners outside Vienna. (Others took part in the fierce but hopeless defence of Berlin inst the Russians. Indeed, the Hitler Youth Figured largely in the last occasion Hitler was seen in public. On April 20 1945 ~ the d from the Fulerbunker to present Pabrer’s bifthday — he emer Iron Crosses toa group of 14 rea-old HJ boys. T back undergrou Below: Any innocence which the Hitlrjugend may hove had was Tost in the fires 2f war By the ond ofthe conflict HJ members were ‘manning ant.atoraft and anti. tank guns, Rghting on all ronts CHILDREN OF THE REICH HJ and the BAM had region the wearer belonged. theic own distinetive uni-__The lower slaeve also carried badges indicating skis and forms and insignia, Gi short brown jackets, ful black skirts, whi rneckerchiefo, white socks and pockotod mustard-coloured black shoes. Boys wore brown tunic with black trousers and shirts and shorts with black peaked cap. The swastika also neckerchief and a black belt appeared on the handle of an with eross strap. HJ member's most treasured “The Hd swastika appeared —_possossion, his dagger. The ‘white diamond with —_bayonet-stylesheathe knife tips at top and bottom. On bore the motto Blut und Ehre- ands this appeared on a ‘Blood and Nonour’ With over ‘diamond, with a narraw 20,000,000 being manutac- ‘through the tured, more Hitler Youth dag: centre of the red band, gers were made than any Epaulets and a tiangular ‘ther edged weapon of tho badge sewn onto the loft Nazi period. ‘sleeve indicated to which HJ Below: The uniform of a Hitior Youth Gebiettihrer Regional {sader) from Bevaria The extra gold ping under the trianguler Lunt badge ineatas 2 Tradition Unit, which had been in txistence since before 1983. The two pocket insignia are the War Iterit cress and the Golden Leaders Sports Bauge, awarded ‘annually for success in the Decathlon GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II PARTY COLOURS The Nazi Party spread octopus-like tentacles through every aspect of German society. However, surprisingly few of the millions of Party members actually wore the NSDAP uniform. Above: An unusualy cheerful Adolf ‘iier introduces Benito Mussolini to a Offs wore known: LL MEMBERS of the SS and the SA to the RAD nd he Hitler Youth ne wearing of specifical NSDAP uniforms was limited to Poltischen Leiter der NSDAP ‘THE FUHRER STATE he Fuhrer was the supreme erste is op of pany hierarchy. The Reich heads of party mations and of affiliated or supervised organisations of the ofa Gav, Ortsgruppenteiter longest serving party members ‘marched each Year PARTY COLOURS - GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IL GOLDEN PHEASANTS OF THE NSDAP hile the Reichsleiter were concerned mainly with policy, ‘the Hohoitstragar, from the Gauleiter down, were the {aco of the Party that ordinary citizens would see most often. The Gauleiter was the political leader of the largest subdi sion of the State. He was charged by the Fuhrer with political, ‘cultural, and economic control over the life of the peopl which he was to coordinate with the National Socialist ideol- ogy ‘The Fuhrer himself appointed all Gauleiter and Kreisleiter, iter and al other political leaders within the ig (Party Directorate) down to the grade of Gauomtsleiter, the head of subdivision of the party organ sation within a Gau, ‘The Hoheitstrager and Reichsleitung together constituted ‘the powerful group of leaders by means of which the Nazi party reached into the lives of the people, consolidated its control over them, and compelled them to conform to the National Socialist pattern. For this purpose, broad powers ‘wore given them, including the right to call upon all party machinery to effectuate their plans. They could requisition the services of the SA and of the SS, as well as of the HJ and the NSKK, Belo: A aroun of party sini, Ani-lockwie fom top et hey include: party photographer armband Imotal plaque’ ‘raph ‘offic permtt number) gold eap insignia post 1938): NEDAP press, Iroacl editor's armband, ultband worn by assistant o Relehsolter, Ieisgericht cuffband war by legal oficial working In a town court: a hula’ colar patches parade belt made rom golden woven cauiotd on a brown veivet backing: and a Heichslofter’s armband frlginaly Issued to Martin Bormann GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR 11 LUFT WAFFE In the six years from 1933, the Luftwaffe §& grew from absolutely nothing to become one of the largest, best-equipped and most powerful air arms in the world. HE EARLY LUPTWAFFE ‘out into the open in 935 when Hier oven the limits imposed on he Teaty of Ve already had Latwatfe proved © unit, especially whieh was the support of an construction jobs about 200,000 in raining, and a massive 900,000 man ant-airraft guns of the Reich's ar d Fight: Fighter ace Adolph Galland waits in Topped by the typealy jaunty Luftwatfe cap. 8 The summer service cap is @ ‘ustommade example by ‘rel’ ‘ne of prewar Berlin's bast Iatters. The original Fiegerdoleh ar pilot's dagger was introduced forthe DLV Deutsche’ Verband), but Goering liked it 20 much he approved is use for the Lutwatte in 1935. This 8 a Second:patterm dagger, Introduced in 1837. This fxample was manufactured by the Solingen rm of Acoso. The Spanish Gross in Bronze with Swords wae awarded for bravery firing the Spanish civil war, and campaign medal Let: The Lufewratte Corps of Engineers Drovided the fight Engineers fr Luftwaffe Bombers and ansports The rank Collet patches include {hose for (etockwtse from left an Gheringeneu Heuptingenior anc Stabsingenteur Senior Right: A plot's bad wrist compass, pilot's ‘rristwatch and? Togbook rest on 2 iWi0-ora map of northeest France and ‘the Engish Channel Loft: The Luftwatfe ‘controled # signiticant umber of ground! troops, including, neatly 2 milion Flak ersonnal. The Ferman Goering Combat division Was formed in North Africa in 1942, whore was, loos totally destroyed. Reformed fst Panzer division in 1383 wae heavily Involved in the talon campaign LUPTWAFFE GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IL CAVALRY OF THE CLOUDS 1e Deutsche Luftsports Var. ‘band (German Alr Sport Asso- ciation) was the body by which lunder the Treaty of Versailles, ‘mombers wore a blue uniform, with distinctive rank badges. When the Luftwaffe camo into the open in 1935, most ofits tadre personnel had come from the DLV, and it made sense to ‘adopt the DLV uniform and Insignia for the new air force, “The uniform was similar to that of Britain's Royal Air Fores though few RAF officers wore the riding boots and brosehes which were part of the Luftwatfeoff- cer's kit! ‘Things wore much loss formal ‘on operations, with other ranks ‘wearing a simple cotton dil uni- orm of black coveralls. Aircrew ‘wore 9 lightwaight version of ‘hole tunie oF the comfortab Fliegorbluse, a short jacket with concealed buttons designed to be worn under the fying sult Paratroop combat uniform Included s loose camouflage smock and jump boots. Below: A fourpocket officers wie ‘arrios a Hauptmann’ (Captains) insignia witha pilot's Badge on tho let breast pocket The ower Below: The uniform tune with ‘white lps was only worn by ‘General officers In informal fall ‘dross, undress and walking-out tniform. This tans originally in pelonged to Generalmajor Above: Three postcards of Cunwatte Knights Cross holders, produced by Heinich Hoffmann, Fogether with three colour cards ‘of Luftwatts subjacts by the artist ini ara ere ‘popular heroes in Germany, an ‘hese cards wore avidly cllocted by the ehilaron of the period. LUFTWAFFE Above: The Luftwaffe dress sword was ofa lat ‘medioval/early renaissance pattern. Many were ‘made in the traditional stee! town of Solingen, ‘ut this example was manulaetured by Gebriider Heller in the town of Martenthal Left: Luftwaffe Fallschimiigor or paratroopers ‘ore the frst airborne forces to soe action ‘dropping in Norway, Belg and Holland However losses in the great parachute assault on Crete were 9 high that oven though the island was captured, paratroopers were never again, Used in their designed role Instead, they were Used as alte ground troops. This group has an airy helmet fate vernon eked te Luoate gle and Swastika deca!) 2 gravity knife ‘suitchblade, «jump qualfcation badge and an ‘ammunition bandolior Left: One of the most Characteristic tems Inthe oftware officer's uniform Inventory was the peaked ‘invariably with the im Telded down fighter pilot See and braid identifies this as 9 Ganerafs cap, which is ‘shown along with brocade parade bolt breast eagle ‘ind 9 Goneralaberst’s colar fabs: Lowerranking officers Wore a similar cap without the gold braid lane The standard Citwatfe NCO’ exp was ‘similar but with lose expensive adornments, The Yellow piping around the Espindicates that the Wwearar was fight crew. The Soldbuch beneath was the German soldiers identity card and service record. This GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR IL THE FUHRER’S BODYGUARD $i Easily the most visible of all of the many branches of the Nazi party, the SS grew from being a small, black dad elite guard in the 1930s to an army of immense fighting power at the end of the War. Above: Members of SS Panzer Division Das Reich rest after the battle to retake Kharkov in i942. By this me, most of thelr ‘equipment is similar to thet worn by the Wenrmacht, though they retain thelr Waffen $S Insignta and hes Loft: Standard bearers of he Leibtandat on ‘parade. They are wearing the field groy uiform {Ssued to armed SS units in 1838. HE HISTORY of the s into distine phases. Formed a curity force to keep order at party then the Fubrer's| lage exganization in the 1920 By the time Hitler eame to however, it had grown to ard 25,000 men, though this in the ocean compared the millions of SA members BLACKSHIRTS: Aer 1933, the SS general’ SS initially took onto! of the police and security faye. t was also responsible for wininisering the rapidly nomic empire ani took a leading role in svetigating and promot Himmnler’s racial theories. The Allgemeine SS retained th characteristic black unifor lor afer other SS branches had wiched to grey. Separate from tl 8, the Totenkpfiverbande were the camp guards, and have been rast responsible for horrible reputation the SS has the end oft SSSOLDIERS ‘The Waffen SS or arme tablished to provide byalty to the Party and the Filer. Originally looked on with distrust by the army, as it as absorbed into the regular anmed services. Inthe early days. embers retained t ich had been bred ighting spirit. However, all: in that fanaticism tasslated into war crimes, since fanatics are more prone to raat than ordinary soldiers But as the war weat on, it tecame harder to distinguish the SS fiom the soldiers alongsid ‘whom they served, AE = I GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II Orders, medals and honour insignia were extremely important symbols in the Third Reich, Easily recognisable, the decorations on a uniform provided an instant history of the wearer. EDALS, AWARDS and secon sant part in military antry. Special bad the Third Reich Party was almost infinite Aight: Stuka plot Hans Ulich Rude! was the ‘mast highly decorated German soldier of the ‘arn 2830 combat missions he destroyed ‘more than 800 Soviet tanks He was awarded the Knights Cross with Golden Cakleaves {the only recipient), Swords and Diamonds baie gunher wears the German Cross in Gold. 6 ons have always played Bight Gonorel Fits Bayeren a a Ati Korps Obertoutnant: He wears» Koights (Gross, an trv rst Class, a wound fig ands tank assautbetge In addition to military awards from World War I there were rms, orders, medallions and s 1 commemorate special sions such as the Nuremberg Rallies and the Olympic Games of 1936, Everyone in any kind of iii position wore a ixinotve uniform, trom the armel forees and the SS through the any, the Hitler Youth and the Sto the Postal Service, the Fire Service, the Railway Police ye German Red Cros. With those uniforms they ually distinctive ran which immediately identified tir position in society and within their own 0 Pury symbols were very important, especially those worn by the Alte Kameraden who had teen part of the struggle sinc the carly days MILITARY MEDALS Asith other armed Fore ven Tor courage in the fice enemy. The most ingortant was the Eisernes Krew oe ron Cross, awarded in two elesses, I is estimated that sound five million Second-Class tn half & million First Class trosses were awarded durin World War IL For conspicuous gallantry or ‘standing leadership in battle te Fuhrer also instituted a new Jas ofthe eross. Only 7,300 sof the Ritferkrens oF ‘Cross of the lron Cross warded, and holde became instant heroes. The Knight's Cross made provision cs, with additional enoted by Swords; Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds; and (uniquely to Hans ich Rudel) Golden Oakles Swords and Diamonds The other military awards ot commonly worn were the war and combat badges, awarded to1roops who bad completed 2 cettin number of assaults or 0 ad been on active service for a specified period of time GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR I COMBAT AWARDS Loft: Luftwaffe Fallschirmiager badge, issued to qual t Luftwaffe pilots badai rded to those successfily GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR II ERMAN ARTISTS and crafismen ha always boon amongst the nest prod of European porcelain, During the Thin! Reich, such names as Meissen and Nymphenbar were joined by another producer ~$S-Porcelain Allach, located on the outskirts of Munich, The Allach factory wa stated in 1933 a the instigation of Reichsfubrer $5 Heinrich Himmler. Originally privately owned, the Allaci Factory was one ofthe fist industrial enterprises tak cover by the SS when the Back Corps’ began build up its economic interests Unlike other SS businesses, transferred to the WVHA, the main economic office of th SS, but remained under @ control of Himmler's own, office, the Perso Reichsfulver SS. With the finan of the $8, the Allach factor: ould tract some of the 1p craftsmen of the time away fom established firms like Rosenthal and Meissen DACHAU WORKERS Later, during the war, th factory was able to make w Fits proximity to Dachau concentration camp as a source of cheap labour for heavy manual work However, the factory was no a slave-labour enterprise Ii the SS sword maker which was established within Dachau itself Allach’s output included a number of Naz items but it was far from being th only porcelain factory producing such Commemorative plates plaques, cups, goblets and statuettes were sold in fu numbers to the general public by all of the major rmunafactaner Designed by sculptor Ottmar Obermeter the Ailseh figure of The Fence tas one ofthe few places the factory sold with 2 ‘seule or unglaced finish, In i961, Prague arte balnted a portrait of FRainhard Hoydrien with ‘example ofthe Allach Fencer in the Background, fs reference tothe SD. leader's Interest in the sport ‘Above: SS Porcelain Allach produced ‘large numberof animal figures, ‘dogs being 2 particular specialty. but dogs wore not the only figures produced this bear ls modelled on the animal featured on the coat of lms ofthe city of Bartin. Such itores were sold to the general puble through retailers of fine poresain ‘Above: Himmmers persona Interests ‘nGerman and Germanic history tncouraged most ofthe major ‘oat factories fo procise ures inspired by foktore. This armpe froduced by te leading finr ot contol nthe 10 fopresent a traditional hitore {ire tnown asthe Bamberg Relter tthe ‘Bamberg Fder” Histor oures wore very mucin vogue dhring the aery years ofthe rd Ach and they 2d very wel NAZI PORCELAIN GERMAN INSIGNIA OF WORLD WAR I Above: A candlestick designed by Carl Diebitech forthe SS factory is ‘ypieal of the domestie products produced at Allach t incorporates @ nie sum moti Below: Allach bow produced for the Reichsfihrers quests at the 1987 Feichspartottag. Apples were much favoured for such bowls: the SS ‘reereation of pagan rituals placed great emphasis on son worship, and ‘red spplos were even as symbols of the Suh ‘Above: flower vase manufactured by the old-estabished Bavarian firm of Nymphenburg it was made to\commemorate the towne of Pacing, Grosshadern and Feldmoching becoming part of Munich. Bolow: An Allach porcelain plate produced as 2 commemorative item for the ulfest tne pagan Vale festival celebrated by the Sin place of Chrstrias) Manufactured late n 1943, th plate fs of very high quality, With the moulded eagle in the centre being particularly Ane. PARTY FAVOU RS ‘Unite most en War Combat decorations and tried fo compensate by wearing arty awards. Her, the Freichsuhrer sports two of the ‘most important Nazt ‘decorations the Party Badge In Goid at the contro of hie ot breast pocket and the ribbon of the Blood Ordor only worn by. those who took part in the 1928, Boorhall Putseh =n his ight buttonhole. The medel beneath the party badge Isa bronze Sports qualfication badge. Almost every the Third Reich - even the ci ones - had their own uniforms. And wherever uniforms are worn, you will also see a lot of medals, orders and decorations. about There for lo good conduct, and ‘medals for beari children, Avards en Jong party membership, and for

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