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Vol. 96, No. 9

Monthly

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Awake! (ISSN 0005-237X) is published monthly by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.;
L. Weaver, Jr., President; G. F. Simonis, Secretary-Treasurer; 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483, and
by Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Canada, PO Box 4100, Georgetown, ON L7G 4Y4. Periodicals Postage Paid
at Brooklyn, N.Y., and at additional mailing oces. 5 2015 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.
Printed in Japan.

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