FLUOROACETATE TOXIC

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Amirul Syafiq Bin Abu Bakar.

Lee Yan En
Norashikin Binti Abdul Rahim.
Wan Izmalini Binti Wan Mahmud
Fatin Norafiqah Binti Aripin.
Nurhazirah Binti Mohd Shukri.
Zahira Binti Zainal
Hazirah Binti Abdul Wahab.

Fluoroacetate
Toxic
A man was found having
nausea, vomiting and
abdominal pain, sweating,
confusion and agitation
follow. His next of kin told the
triage that he accidentally
swallow a rodent poison,
which he thought it is some
kind of candy placed on the
kitchen table. The lab results
were positive for
fluoroacetate toxic.
As a pathology researcher,
you have to explain the whole
situation (biochemically) to a
bunch of industrial trainees in
your pathology lab.

Convertion of FA to FC

FLUOROACETATE TOXIC
Sodium fluoroacetate @ 1080
poisons.
Derivatives of acetic acids.
Found in plants (Australia, South
America & Africa) as a defense
mechanism towards pest.
Use as metabolite poisons.
How fluoroacetate spread : inhalation, skin & ingestion.

 Physicals properties:
odorless, colourless, dissolve
easily in water.
Taste: like sodium salt

Krebs Cycle (normal)

1. Acetyl CoA + OAA Citrate

Citrate synthase]
2. Citrate Isocitrate
Aconitase]

[Hydration :

[Dehydration :

1. Fluroacetate + CoASH Fluoroacetyl CoA

2. Fluoroacetyl CoA fluorocitrate [use Citrate
synthase]
3. fluorocitrate Isocitrate
Aconitase]

[inhibit by binding to

REACTION IN KREBS CYCLES

What are the impacts?

Is the process reversible?

Krebs cycle needs sufficient amount of oxygen to
proceed
Fluoroacetate causes patients to have symptoms
such as hard to breathe, which will cause less intake
of oxygen
Krebs cycle will be inhibited
Due to ATP depletion, It will also inhibit high-energy
consuming reactions such as gluconeogenesis.
Gluconeogenesis is the reverse process of Glycolysis.
Therefore, the process cannot be reversible when
fluoroacetate is taken.

EFFECTS

Glutamate will less produced, [Ammonia] increase,

urine increase.
Results in accumulation of citrate in the blood,
depriving cell of energy.
ATP cant produce , inhibit high energy consuming.
Fluoroacetate poisoning caused significant decrease
in ionized calcium and severe metabolic acidosis
with increased levels of lactate and pyruvate.

Treatment?
http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest16_e.htm
treatment for sodium fluoroacetate poisoning is mainly
symptomatic.
If ingested, vomiting should be induced immediately followed by
gastric lavage with two to four litres of tap water and instillation of
15-30 g of saline cathartic.
Monoacetin (glyceryl monoacetate) 0.5 mg/kg should be injected
IM every half hour for 12 hours varying the injection sites.
Artificial respiration with the assistance of oxygen may be
required.
Calcium gluconate, 2-3 g per day in 10% solution may be given
IV.
To control convulsions barbiturates (preferably phenobarbitone or

Treatment
1. Symptomatic treatment
Is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects
its symptoms, not its cause.

2. Vomiting
Remove any toxin (FA) that ingested by the patient.

3. Saline cathartic
Increase fluidity of intestinal contents by osmotic
forces and indirectly increases motor activity (liquid
feces).
Known as salt, epsom salt, used to produce
evacuation of the bowel.

4. Monoacetin
Monoacetin prolonged average survival time to 166 min
Metabolic acidosis was aggravated in monoacetintreated animals.

5. IM (intramuscular therapy)
Within muscle
Injections here usually have faster rates of absorption of
medication.

6. Artificial respiration
Methods that causes air to flow in and out of a person's
lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or ceases, as
in respiratory paralysis, drowning, electric shock,
choking, gas or smoke inhalation, or poisoning.

7. Calcium gluconate
Treat a certain muscle disease. Take medication by
mouth with food.

8. IV (intravenous therapy)
Within veins
The fastest way to deliver fluids and medication
throughout the body.

9. Control convulsion barbiturate

Barbiturates are medicines that act on the central
nervous system and cause drowsiness and can control
seizures.
Barbiturates are in the group of medicines known as
central nervous system depressants (CNS). Also known
as sedative-hypnotic drugs, barbiturates make people
very relaxed, calm, and sleepy.

Name of group members

Responsibility

Amirul Syafiq Bin Abu Bakar

Involved in group discussion

Lee Yan En

Presentation: Treatment

Norashikin Binti Abdul Rahim.

Presentation Slides
Presentation: Effects

Wan Izmalini Binti Wan Mahmud

Presentation Slides
Presentation: Mechanism of
fluroacetate

Fatin Norafiqah Binti Aripin.

Presentation Slides
Presentation: Introduction

Nurhazirah Binti Mohd Shukri.

Presentation Slides
Presentation: normal Krebs cycle

Zahira Binti Zainal

Presentation: Characteristic of
fluroacetate

Hazirah Binti Abdul Wahab.

Presentation: Treatment