Chapter 10: Gases

Pressure
Atmospheric
Pressure
STP
Density
Root-MeanSquare
Effusion
Diffusion

Force per unit area on a surface

Gases in the atmosphere exerting pressure on the surface of
the earth through collisions
Standard Temperature and Pressure
Grams per Liter
The speed of a particle with average kinetic energy
Escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole into an evacuated
space
Speed of gas molecules throughout a space

Boyles Law (P& V)- The pressure of a fixed quantity of gas at constant temperature
is inversely proportional to its volume
Charles Law (V&T)- The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure is
directly proportional to its kelvin temp
Gay-Lussacs Law (P&T)- The pressure of a fixed quantity of gas at constant volume
is directly proportional to its temperature
Avagadros Law (V & n)- The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number
of moles (at constant temperature and pressure)
The Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
Daltons Law of Partial Pressures- The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the
sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases
PT + PA + PB +
PT + nART + nBRT +
V
V
Density
d = PM
RT
Partial Pressure & Mole Fractions
PA = XAPT where X =

mol A
total mol

Collecting Gases Over Water

PT + Pgas + PH2O
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. Gases consist of particles in constant, random motion.
2. The volume of the particles is insignificant compared to the total volume of
the gas

3. Attractive and repulsive forces are insignificant

4. Collisions between particles are elastic (No net loss in KE)
5. The average kinetic energy (KE) is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature (kelvin)
Average Kinetic Energy
KE = 1mu2
2
KE = 1mV2
2
Formula for Root-Mean-Square Speed (RMS)
u =

3RT
M

Grahams Law of Effusion

rA =
rB

MB
MA