Chapter 6: Electron Structure of Atoms

Electromagnetic
Radiation
Wavelength
Frequency (v)
Quantum
Photon
Photoelectric Effect
Orbitals
Ground State
Excited State

C=

Energy with wave characteristics

Distance between successive points on identical waves
The number of waves that pass a given point per second
The smallest quantity of energy that can be absorbed or
emitted as EM radiation
A quantum of light energy
When high energy light strikes a metal surface and electrons
are emitted from the metal
A region of space in which an electron has a high probability
of begin found
When an electron s in the lowest energy state possible
When an electron moves to a higher energy level

Wavelength in nanometers
C = The speed of light ( 3.00 x 108 m/s )
Increasing Wavelength
Decreasing Frequency and Energy
Gamma Rays X-rays
Radio

Ultraviolet

Visable

Infared

Microwaves

E = hv
E = energy of a photon
(s-1)

h = Plancks Constant = 6.626 x 10

-34

Js

v = frequency

Bohr Model of the Atom:

-

electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus

an electron in a specific orbit has a specific energy
energy is absorbed or emitted when electrons move from one energy level
to another

Energy of an electron in a Hydrogen atom

E = -2.18 x 10 -18 J (

1/ n2

Electron transitions in a Hydrogen atom

E = -2.18 x 10 -18 J [(1/nf2) (1/ ni2 )]

The Wave Nature of Matter:
De Broglie proposed that the electron could have a particular wavelength as it moves
around the nucleus

Wavelength in meters
m = mass in kg

Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle:

There is a limitation on how precisely we can know both the position and momentum
of an electron

mv

h
4

Quantum Mechanic Model:

-

We cannot specify the exact location of an electron around the nucleus

Instead, we specify a region of space in which there is a high probability of
finding an electron at a given point in time.
Electron density relates to the probability of finding an electron (high
electron density = high probability)

Bohrs Model
Mechanical Model

Quantum

Main / Principle
E level

Sublevel/
Subshell

1
2
3

Max.
# of electrons

# of orbitals
(regions of
space)
1

p
s

3
1

6
2

d
s

5
1

10
2

10

14

Electron Configurations:

Aufbau Principle- Electrons fill orbitals of lower E first

1s
2s

2p

3s

3p

3d

4s

4p

4d

4f

5s

5p

5d

5f

6s

6p

6d

7s
Hunds Rule :
For orbitals in the same sublevel, the lowest E is attained when electrons are placed
in different orbitals with the same spin first