RTS-SAREK USER MANUAL

Cooling & Heating Load Calculation

4th Edition

2013. 6. 1

The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea

() RTS-SAREK
RTS-LOAD .

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Copyright2006 ()
() (Copy)
.

RTS-SAREK USER MANUAL

2006 11 1
2013

6 1 4

635-4 902
: (02)554-8571~2, 568-7853
http://www.sarek.or.kr,

FAX : (02)552-3929

E-mail : hvac@sarek.or.kr

RTSSAREK Version RTS-SAREK Ver.1.0 2006 12 12 S/W

.
RTS-SAREK RTS ASHRAE Fundamental(2001)
(Heat Balance)
. RTS TFM, CLTD/CLF , TETD/TA
.
RTS
. RTS
. RTS
, , ,
TFM TETD/TA .
, ,
.


ASHRAE RTS
RTS-SAREK , ASHRAE
Handbook
.

. RTS-SAREK
,
.
RTS-SAREK
.
2006. 12.12 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 1.0
Software
2007. 04.09 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 1.2
Open
AHU Fan (SF/RF) : , A3/A4
Manual / Sample Output : AHU (Fan, Output), Load-Ut/AH-Sel
2008. 01.09 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 2.0
. W kJ
- : SA , .()
2008. 03.10 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 2.1 (Excel 2007)
(Activate,Page Setup )
PatternColor, (AH-Sys, AH-Sel)

Excel 2007 (2003 )

- Label , Top/Left Margin 0
, Projout
2008. 05.15 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 2.5
Open TextBox (Room, AHU, FCU )
Version Data
- Room : 20 100 (990)
- AHU / FCU : 5 20 (180)
- , , CopyPicture(, Diagram, Graph)
2009. 10.15 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 2.6
16 , Azimuth, Tilt .
2010. 09.01 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 3.1
Data file *.xls *.rts

Solar (2009 ASHRAE Fundamental )
- 365
- Solor Azimuth() , Surface Azimuth 360
Sol Air Temperature (2009 ASHRAE Fundamental )

- Load Calculation Applications Manual, 2009
2011. 09.15 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 3.3
Room 1,600
IAC=1
2012. 09.21 ; RTS-SAREK Ver. 3.6
Windows Windows7
, 2009 ASHRAE Fundamental Data
RTS-SAREK Ver. 3.1 . Ver.3.3, 3.6
.
, Ver 4.1 2013 3
PsyChart-SAREK Duct/Pipe
.
, Up-version
.

1. ...................................................... 1
1.1 ................................................... 1
1.2

.......................................................... 3

1.3 ....................................................... 3
2. ........................................................... 4
2.1 .............................................. 4
2.2 (RTS) ............................................ 9
2.3 (RTS) ....................................... 10
3. ...................................................... 30
3.1 ............................................... 31
3.2 .................................................... 32
3.3 ............................................... 33
3.4 .................................................... 35
3.5 ..................................... 36
4. ..................................................... 40
4.1 ...................................... 40
4.2 Mirae98 ............................................. 40
4.3 LOADSYS ............................................. 44
4.4 HCL ................................................. 47
4.5 TRANSYS ............................................. 52
5. .................................................................. 62
6. ............................................................... 62

1. 2005 ASHRAE, Fenestration (Solar Data)

2. Program Manual (RTS-SAREK Ver. 4.1)
3. Program Manual (RTS-LOAD Ver. 4.1)
4. RTS-SAREK / RTS-LOAD Sample
5. M-Size Manual
6. 2005 ASHRAE Fundamentals Ch. 30 Whole Building
7. / DATA
8. 2009 ASHRAE, IAC Values
9. Upgrade

RTS-SAREK

1.
1.1
LCC

.
ASHRAE 1967
TETD/TA , 1972
(Conduction Transfer Function) (Room
Transfer Function) TFM(Transfer Function Method) .
1977 TFM
CLTD/CLF , 1992
CLTD/CLF CLTD/SCL/CLF .
,
.
, ,
,
, .
TETD/TA 1967 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals

. TETD



,
TETD/TA .

CLTD/CLF 2 TFM TETD/TA

1
,
( ) (q=UAt)
. , .

CLTD/CLF .
.
TFM, TETD/TA, CLTD/CLF
.
.

.
.

RTS-SAREK

CLTD/CLF LOADSYS", HCL
, CLTD/SCL/CLF 98
.
,
.
2001 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals RTS(Radiant Time
Series) HB(Heat Balance)
. RTS TFM, CLTD/CLF ,
TETD/TA HB .
TFM
(Conduction Time Series) TFM
(Radiant Time Series) ,

. , ,

.
RTS

. ,
TFM , ,
,
.
2005 ASHRAE Handbook RTS 2001 ASHRAE Handbook
Fundamentals ,

. ASHRAE Handbook
. RTS
, , TETD/TA
TFM ,
CLTD/CLF
.

.
, " "
2001 ASHRAE RTS
RTS-SAREK ,

.

RTS-SAREK
1.2
() ASHRAE RTS RTS-SAREK

(1) 2001 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals RTS(Radiant Time Series)

.
(2)
.

()
(1)
,
.
(2) 98, LOADSYS, HCL, TRNSYS 2005 ASHRAE
Handbook-Fundamentals Multi-room
.
(3) .

()
(1) ,
.
(2) .

1.3
RTS HB
. RTS TFM , CLTD/CLF ,
TETD/TA .
RTS
. RTS

. 1997 ASHRAE
HandbookFundamentals CLTD/CLF .
3

RTS-SAREK

RTS , , ,
TFM TETD/TA ,
.
-
-
-
RTS 24 ,
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coefficient) .
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100% .
(series)
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2.
2.1
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RTS-SAREK
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5

RTS-SAREK

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(2) :
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(3) :
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(4) : 1

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RTS-SAREK

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2.1 Thermal Storage Effect in Cooling Load from Lights

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24
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24 , RTS
HVAC .
(1) : 2.1 .

.
7

RTS-SAREK
. 2.2 (8 )
12 (20 )
.
.
(2) :
, .
.
.
( , , )
.
2.1 Fraction of daily temperature range

Version 2.7 : Toh = Tpeak Daily Range x Fraction ( 2.1 )

Version 3.1 :
ACoef = Array(0.562917, 0.29319, - 0.03482,
-0.00059, -0.00167, 0.00128, 0, 0.00044,
-0.00167, 0.00059, -0.00018, 0.00009)
BCoef = Array(0.3848108, -0.0835246,
-0.0005893, 0, -0.0004341, -0.0008333,
-0.0009651, 0, -0.0005893, 0.0001912, 0.0003418)
pi = 4 * Atn(1)
Temperature = ACoef(0)
If (Hour < 0) Then Hour = Hour + 24
For i = 1 To 11
Temperature = Temperature + ACoef(i)
* Cos(2 * pi * i * Hour / 24) + BCoef(i - 1)
* Sin(2 * pi * i * Hour / 24)
Next i
Toh = Tpeak - Daily Range x Temperature
2.2 Design condition for Atlanta, GA, USA
-- 2005 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamental Chapter 28 Table 1
8

RTS-SAREK
2.2 (RTS)
ASHRAE Fundamentals (2002) RTS(Radiant Time Series) HB(Heat
Balance) , .
RTS TFM, CLTD/CLF , TETD/TA
. RTS
, RTS
, .
RTS , , ,
TFM TETD/TA .
,
( 2.2). RTS
24
. (series coefficient)
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RTS (, , , , , )
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,
.
.
(1) 24 .
(2) .
(3) ,
RTS .
(4)
.

RTS-SAREK

2.2 Origin of difference between magnitude of instantaneous heat gain and

instantaneous cooling load.

2.3 (RTS)
()
( , ,
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) . ,
24 , 48 .
HB RTS .
2 .
(1) (, , )
(2) .
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.

,
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.
10

RTS-SAREK
()
2.3 RTS . RTS ,
, ,
(TFM TETD/TA) .
.
(1)
(2)
(3)
RTS 24
.
. (series
coefficient) .
.
,
.
100% . (series)
. 2.4
(U-factor)
3 CTS .

(Sol-Air Temp.)

(Conduction
Time Series)
/

Solar,
Non-solar(,
, , )
RTS

2.3 Outline of RTS method.

11

RTS-SAREK
2.5
(U-factor) 3 (CTS) .
2.6 RTS .

2.4 CTS for Lightto Heavy Walls.

2.5 CTS for Wallswith Similar Mass and Increasing Insulation.

12

RTS-SAREK

2.6 RTS for Light to Heavy Construction.

()
RTS (, , , , , )
.

(1) 24 .( ,
(CTS) )
(2) .( 2.3
)
(3) ,
RTS .
(4)
.

,
.

.
(
) .
13

RTS-SAREK
2.3 Recommended Radiative/Convective Splits for Internal Heat Gains

()
.
.

. 2.4 .
, .
Direct beam solar heat gain : q b = AE D SHGC()IAC
Diffuse solar heat gain
: q d = A(E d + E r )<SHGC> D IAC
Conductive heat gain
: q c = UA(T out T in )
Total fenestration heat gain : Q = q b + q d + q c

A = window area, m2
E D , E d , and E r = direct, diffuse, and ground-reflected irradiance
SHGC() = direct solar heat gain coefficient as a function of incident
angle
<SHGC> D = diffuse solar heat gain coefficient (also referred to as
hemispherical SHGC)
T in = inside temperature,
T out = outside temperature,
U = overall U-factor, W/(m2 K)

14

RTS-SAREK
IAC = inside shading attenuation coefficient, (1.0 if no inside shading
device)
2.4 Solar Equations
Solar Angles
Apparent solar time, AST

AST = LST + ET/60 + (LSM LON) / 15

Hour angle, H

H = 15(hours of time from local solar noon) = 15 (AST 12)

Solar altitude,

sin = cosL cos cosH + sinL sin)

Solar azimuth,

cos = (sin cosL cossinL cosH) / cos

Surface-solar azimuth,

Incident angle,

cos = cos cos sin + sin cos

Where
ET = equation of time, decimal minutes

L = latitude ( )
LON = local longitude, decimal degrees of arc ( - , + )
LSM = local standard time meridian, decimal degrees of arc, = -135
LST = local standard time, decimal hours
= solar declination,

= surface azimuth,

= surface tilt from horizontal,

horizontal = 0

Direct, Diffuse, and Total Solar Irradiance

Direct normal irradiance E DN

If > 0

E DN = (A / exp(B / sin) CN

Otherwise,
Surface direct irradiance E D
Ratio Y of sky diffuse
Diffuse irradiance E d

E DN = 0

If cos > 0

E D = E DN cos

Otherwise,

ED = 0

If cos > 0.2

Y = 0.55 + 0.437 cos + 0.313 cos 2

Otherwise,

Y = 0.45

Vertical surfaces E d = CY E DN
Surfaces other than vertical E d = C E DN (1 + cos )/2
Ground-reflected irradiance E r = E DN (C + sin ) g (l
cos)/2
Total surface irradiance E t = E D + E d + E r

Where
A = apparent solar constant,

B = atmospheric extinction coefficient

C = sky diffuse factor

CN = clearness number multiplier for clear/dry or hazy/humid locations. 0.9 ~1.15

E d = diffuse sky irradiance

E r = diffuse ground-reflected irradiance
g = ground reflectivity
Values of A, B, and C are given in 2.5 for the 21st day of each month. Values of
ground reflectivity g are given in 2.6.

15

RTS-SAREK
2.5 Extraterrestrial solar irradiance and related data

Version 3.1
Equation of Time : Eqn. 1.5.2 from 'Duffie and Beckman, Solar Engineering
of Thermal Procsses, 1980
n = 2 * 180 * (DayofYear - 1) / 365
ET = 229.2 * (0.000075 + 0.001868 * Cos(n) - 0.032077 * Sin(n)
- 0.014615 * Cos(2 * n) - 0.04089 * Sin(2 *n))
Solar Declination : 'J.W. Spencer, "Fourier Series Representation of the
Position of the Sun 'Search, Vol. 2, No. 5, p. 172, 1971.
n = 2 * 180 * (DayofYear - 1) / 365
= 0.3963723 - 22.9132745 * cos(n) + 4.0254304 * sin(n) - 0.387205
* cos(3n) + 0.05196728 * sin(3n) - 0.1545267 * cos(3n)
+ 0.08479777 * sin(3n)
2.6 Solar reflectances of foreground surfaces

16

RTS-SAREK
SHGC
. IAC .
( , SHGC) ()
. ,
. ,

,
SHGC .
.

. ,

.

Horizontal

Vertical

PH

Room
PH1
SH

PV
H

SW

PL1

2.7 Non-uniform exterior shading.

(1) Equations for External Shadowing of Inclined Surfaces

Incident angle:
= cos-1 (coscossin + sincos)
Vertical surface:
V = cos-1 (coscos)
Horizontal surface:
H = cos-1 (sin)

(2) Vertical projection profile angle

= tan-1 (sincos / cos) ;
For > 90

A SL = 0 and A SH = A
17

ll< 90

Room

RTS-SAREK
Vertical surface: V = tan-1 () for 90 > ll > 270
Horizontal surface: H =tan-1 (sin / tan) for all

(3) Horizontal projection profile:

Angle: = tan-1 {(sinsin - coscoscos) / cos}
for ll< 90
Vertical surface: V = tan-1 (tan / cos)

for

90 > ll > 270

Horizontal surface: H =tan-1 (cos / tan) for

90 < ll < 270

(4) Projection length and Sunlit / Shaded areas

Length of shadow from vertical projection: S W = P V l tan l
Length of shadow from horizontal projection: S H = P H l tan l
Sunlit areas of the fenestration: A SL = [W-(S W - P L1 )][H-(S H - P H1 )]
Shadedareas of the fenestration: A SH = W L - A SL

,
= solar azimuth
= solar altitude
= surface solar azimuth
= surface tilt angle

P V = vertical projection depth

P H = horizontal projection depth
W = fenestration product width
H = fenestration product height
R W = width of opaque surface between fenestration product
andvertical projection

R H = height of opaque surface between fenestration product and

horizontal projection

A = total projected area of the fenestration product

= angle of incidence
= horizontal projection profile angle
= vertical projection profile angle

()
18

RTS-SAREK

. (composite assembly)
,

. , ,
,

.
(1) :
q/A .

q
= E + h (t t
A
t

=
E t = , W/m2
h o = , W/(m2 K)
t o = ,
t s = ,
= (hemispherical emittance)
R =
, W/m2

t e ,

q
A

h (t t
o

t =t
e

E R
t

R 63
W/m2, =1 h o =17 W/(m2K)
(R/h o ) 4K.
R .

. ,

19

RTS-SAREK
. , R = 0
.
Version 3.1 .

t =t
e

E
h

rad_correction

rad_correction = (7 / 1.8) * Cos(tiltR)

If radiation_correction < 0 Then radiation_correction = 0
Tilt 90 , Rad._corr "0" , Tilt 0 , 7/1.8 3.89
Max.
(2) : Example Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
4K,
0K R/h o .
2.4 .
(3) : Example Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
/h o . , 0.026
0.052
.( ,
)
.
,
.

()
RTS (CTS) .
.

i ,q n

U A (t

e ,q n

rc

,
q i,q-n = n , , W
U = , W/(m2 K)
A = , m2
t e,q-n = n ,
t rc = ,
23
.

20

RTS-SAREK

q =c q
q

+
i ,q

cq
1

i ,q 1

cq
2

i ,q 2

cq
3

i ,q 3

+ +

c q
23

i ,q 23

,
q q = , W
q i,q = , W
q i,q-n = n , W
c 0 , c 1.... =
2.7 2.8 .

. ,
. 24
(U-factor) ,
(CTS) .
. 2.7
2.8 2.9
. (, CTS)

.

()
,
. .

q = U A (t t )
b

,
q = , W
U = , W/(m2 K)
A = , m2
t b = ,
t i = ,
t b t i . ,
8 28 . ,
. , ,
, t b t i 3K
.
.
21

RTS-SAREK
()

.
2.7 Wall conduction time series (CTS)

22

RTS-SAREK
2.7 Wall conduction time series (CTS) (continued)

23

RTS-SAREK
2.8 Roof conduction time series (CTS)

24

RTS-SAREK
2.9

Thermal properties and code numbers of layers used in wall and roof
descriptions for 2.7 and 2.8.

25

RTS-SAREK
2.10 Surface conductances and resistances for air

2.11 Emissivities and absorptivities of some surfaces

26

RTS-SAREK
Version 3.1 Data :

Solar Absorptance Values of Various Surfaces

()

. , , ,
.
. ,
.
. .
.

. , , , ,
"/ " .
RTS HB /
, "/ "
HB . ,
(, , , , , )
23
. 2.3 "/ "
.
RTS RTS
.
. RTS -
. RTS
. , r 0
27

RTS-SAREK
r 1 .
RTS
.
Q r, = r 0 + r 1 q r,-1 + r 2 q r,-2 + r 3 q r,-3 + ... + r 23 q r,-23
,
Q r, = () (Q r ), W
q r, = , W
q r,-n = n , W
r 0 , r 1 , etc. =
RTS
.
.

. , RTS
. RTS

. , RTS
.

2.12 Representative nonsolar RTS values for light to heavy construction

28

RTS-SAREK
2.13 Representative solar RTS values for light to heavy construction

2.14 RTS representative zone construction for 2.12 and 2.13

RTS , (,
) (solar) RTS,
( )
(nonsolar) RTS . RTS , ,
, , . ,
(, )
nonsolar RTS . (source)
. , ,
solar nonsolar RTS 2.12, 2.13
. 2.14
.
, HB RTS .

29

RTS-SAREK

3.
ASHRAE, Fundamentals 2005 , Chapter 30
Cooling and Heating Load Calculation RTS(Radiant Time Series)
.
1
,
. , 95 %
95 % .
1
,

.

,
.

,
.
(, , , , , )
(CAV, VAV, CAV-With Reheat, FCU, PAC,
Radiator, OAHU, HVU, Heat Recovery )
,
,
, / Communication
.
,
,
,
.
Air Balancing
.
Room
/ ,
, AHU, Room
.
Room , Room
, Room
. ,
.

30

RTS-SAREK
3.1
, 3.1 .
3.1
No
1

/ Data

Solar
Gain

Heat

2009 ASHRAE HoF, Ch. 14

t e = t o + E t / h o rad_correction

- Sol Air Temp.

2

: 50

: t oh = t o D. Range x temp.

: -50

- Glass

Glass : 15

K = 1/( i + d 1 / 1 + d 2 / 2

- Wl / Rf / Pt

R/W/P : 40

K
+ o)

CTS

Wall/Roof : 35 / 19

2009 ASHRAE HoF Ch. 18, Table

16, 17

RTS

Zone : 24

2009 ASHRAE HoF Ch. 18, Table

19, 20

Glass
- SHGC
- IAC

Qb = AE D SHGC()IAC
Direct/Diffuse/
Conduction

Qd = A(E d + E r )<SHGC> D IAC

Qc = KA (To Ti)
Q = Qb + Qd + Qc

Wall/Roof

/ CTS

q I,q-n = KA(t e,q-n - t rc )

q q = c 0 q i,q + c 1 q i,q-1 + c 2 q i,q-2 +
c 3 q i,q-3 +

(, )

Q p = Uf x Pnos x (Psh + Plh)

Q L = B.F x Uf x Lld,
Q E = Eld x Uf

6,7,8

(, G/R/W)
/

10

Q r, = r 0 q r, + r 1 q r,-1 + r 2 q r,-2 + r 3
q r,-3 + .. + r 23 q r,-23

11

Part.

Q pT = KA (Tb Ti)

12

Q IF = 1.2 x V x (Ent o Ent i )

13

/ ,
, ,

Q T = 9 + 10 +
Qc + Q PT + Q IF

14

(G/R/W),

Q h = KA (To Ti)

31

Q IF = 0.335 x V x (Tout Tin)

RTS-SAREK
3.2
()
Main .
- Main : RTS-SAREK(00_v0.0).xlsm (Visual 6.0 )
- Sub

: kvalue.mdb

( )

() Flow Chart
RTS-SAREK Flow Chart 3.1 .

3.1 RTS-SAREK Flow Chart

()
(1)

: /
32

RTS-SAREK
(2) : 15 ~ 30 DB
(3) Cooling Load : 24
(4) : 32 bit Windows 7, 7 SP1, Windows XP, Microsoft Excel 2010
(5) : SI

()
(1) (Room) : 1600
(2) AHU, : 190 /
(3) AHU, : 180
(4)
- (CAV AHU )
- (VAV AHU )
- (FCU )
- + (FCU + CAV AHU )
- + (FCU + VAV AHU )
- (CAV AHU with Reheat )
- (OAHU HVU )
- (PAC )
- / (Radiator / Convector)
- (Heat Recovery )

3.3


.

()
- /
- (K-Value)
-
-
-

33

RTS-SAREK
()
- /
- Projection
- /
- Room

()
- / Peak Load
- Zone Peak Load
- Block Peak Load ( , )

() AHU
- Zone /
- Zone Peak Load
- ( // )
- RSHF /
-
-
- /
-
-

()
- Zone /
- Zone Peak Load

()
-
- Motor

()
-
-

34

RTS-SAREK
3.4
()


.
- Room
- Room
-
, ,
, .

()
//

.
( , , )
//
.

.

,
( , , , )
Air Balancing Sheets
.

, Sheets
( ) .
()
ASHRAE RTS


.

35

RTS-SAREK



.

, Sheets ,
.

3.5
() /
(1)
,
.
- : , , , 9

(2)
, , , , Clearness, Ground
Reflection , ,
. Room ,
,
Room .
- : 1 ~ 12
- : 2 (, , )
- : , , /
Radiant(%)
- : ,

(3) /

// Room
.
- Glass

: K , AC( ), Radiant, SHGC

36

RTS-SAREK
- Wall/Roof/Partition : Wall/ Roof CTS No., Radiant, Absorptance,
Conductances

- : /
- :

() Room
(1) Room
/
. ,
, / /
.
- : Room No, , , Room
- : / , RTS Zone

- : ,
- : , ,
- : /// Azimuth, Tilt, , Projection

(2) Room Data
Room Data

.
- : , , RTS Zone,
- : / ,
- / : / Room Data ,
(3) / Output Sheets
, Sheets Projection 24
.
- :
- Output Sheets

: / Sheets

- Projection : Glass Shading 24

37

RTS-SAREK

()
5
.

(1)
, , ,
.
(2)
Room
, , Room
.
6 , , , , ,
.
- Room :
.
(3)
/ , ,
. (T), ,
( ), (Reheating)
.
(4)
, . ,
.
-

() /
(1)

38

RTS-SAREK
Room , Zone

.
(2)
, ,
/ ,
.

()
/ Block Peak Load , Zone
,
. Room
.
() Sheets
Microsoft Excel Sheet , /
(1 ), Room (6 ), (5 ), (5 ),
(3 ), (3 ) 23 .

39

RTS-SAREK

4.
4.1
RTS 2005 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals Page
30.1 "Whole-Building Example" .
2 Shell and Core Type
. 5
ASHRAE Chapter 30 Example .

4.2 Mirae98
()
Mirae98 ASHRAE, 1992 Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual
CLTD/SCL/CLF Method ASHARE
CLTD/SCL/CLF Table Generation 1998 .
Mirae98 RTS-SAREK 4.1
/ , /
, Internal Heat Gain ,
4.1, 4.1 ~ 4.8 .
4.1

W
A

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

98

339

285

285

285

285

339

395

450

535

646

786

952

RTS

648

604

564

534

513

501

493

591

502

527

566

620

98

285

309

365

505

615

756

867

952

1,007

1,007

1,037

1,007

RTS

550

519

498

501

526

571

629

692

754

805

844

868

98

200

168

168

168

168

200

233

298

380

464

561

644

RTS

390

364

341

322

308

298

294

297

310

334

369

411

98

168

200

266

331

399

446

478

496

511

528

528

528

RTS

303

289

282

292

312

341

373

402

427

444

459

467

98

326

326

375

466

557

697

828

968

1,198

1,519

1,831

2,110

RTS

405

564

732

898

1,055

1,194

1,344

1,637

2,122

2,616

2,956

2,890

98

388

602

855

1,153

1,413

1,619

1,704

1,704

1,665

1,619

1,582

1,497

RTS

976

1,620

2,100

2,361

2,409

2,251

1,943

1,652

1,487

1,367

1,239

1,077

98

170

170

195

242

289

362

478

644

811

978

1,119

1,192

RTS

214

294

379

464

558

706

967

1242

1454

1558

1521

1308

98

264

409

576

718

790

790

790

790

790

790

790

765

RTS

773

1,130

1,251

1,192

1,032

866

802

782

763

728

671

589

NW

SE

L
L
(1)

NE

SW

NW

A
SE
L
NE
L
(2)

SW

40

RTS-SAREK

5,915

6,597

9,302 11,545 13,403 15,143 11,929

98

15,434 17,741 18,226 17,026

RTS

8,929 11,379 12,592 12,504

7,166

7,710

14,365 12,737 11,796 11,025 10,074

9,364

8,246

4,769

11,369

7,321

6,263

4,805

9,932

9,236

8,694

8,109

98

3,353

4,099

4,826

5,550

6,654

8,749 10,433 11,468 11,467 10,605

9,099

4,032

RTS

1,983

2,584

3,150

3,731

4,302

5,289

6,650

7,757

8,283

8,009

6,795

4,735

98

9,664

9,169

7,737

6,683

6,546

6,646

6,451

6,129

5,642

5,375

4,758

2,684

4,894

4,792

4,539

4,135

3,558

2,738

RTS

6,884

6,929

6,215

5,313

4,951

4,905

98

5,668

5,688

5,994

6,859

7,979

9,100 10,526 12,206 13,326 14,497 15,058 15,312

RTS

1,026

2,619

4,841

7,326

9,784 11,975 13,672 14,710 14,980 14,430 13,088 11,048

98

28,140 28,140 28,140 28,140

28,140 28,140 28,140 28,140 28,140 28,140 28,140 28,140

RTS

25,400 26,222 26,678 26,952

27,044 27,136 27,136 27,226 27,318 27,410 27,500 27,592

98

40,415 40,415 40,415 40,415

40,415 40,415 40,415 40,415 40,415 40,415 40,415 40,415

RTS

33,256 35,402 36,594 37,308

37,548 37,786 37,786 38,024 38,262 38,500 38,740 38,978

98

26,925 26,925 26,925 26,925

26,925 26,925 26,925 26,925 26,925 26,925 26,925 26,925

RTS

24,500 25,226 25,630 25,872

25,952 26,034 26,034 26,114 26,196 26,276 26,356 26,438

98

137,060 141,133 142,987 144,252 144,961 148,018 152,241 150,550 160,595 163,822 162,550 138,429

RTS

109,412 119,897 126,919 131,485 134,260 136,951 139,963 143,914 147,051 147,863 146,068 136,493

SO LAR ( GLASS : NW )

SOLAR ( GLASS : SE )

MIRAE98

RTS

MIRAE98

RTS

20,000
18,000
16,000

25,000
20,000

14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000

15,000
10,000
5,000

SOLAR ( GLASS : NE )
MIRAE98

:0
0

:0
0
18

:0
0

:0
0
11

10

8:
00

9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

9:
00

4,000
2,000
-

8:
00

7,457

19

TOTAL

5,072

:0
0

4,152

:0
0

3,175

17

RTS

:0
0

7,940 17,709 20,950 21,648

16

SW

9,421 10,097 11,782

15

8,786

:0
0

NE

7,639

:0
0

6,487

13

SE

5,301

14

98

:0
0

NW

12

SOLAR ( GLASS : SW )

RTS

MIRAE98

14,000

12,000

12,000

10,000

10,000

RTS

8,000

8,000
6,000

6,000

4.1

41

:0
0

:0
0
19

18

:0
0

:0
0
17

16

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0
15

14

13

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0
12

11

10

8:
00

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0
19

18

17

16

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0

15

14

13

12

11

10

:0
0

9:
00

2,000

8:
00

2,000

9:
00

4,000

4,000

RTS-SAREK

CONDUCTION(WALL(1) : NW)
MIRAE98

CONDUCTION(WALL(1) SE)

RTS

MIRAE98

1,000
800
600
400
200
-

RTS

:0

19

:0

:0

18

:0

:0

17

MIRAE98

800

:0

16

:0

15

:0

14

:0

13

:0

12

:0

11

00

:0

CONDUCTION(WALL(1) : SW)

RTS

MIRAE98

10

CONDUCTION(WALL(1) : NE)

9:

8:

00

8:
00
9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
-

RTS

19

18

17

:0

16

:0

0
:0

0
:0

15

14

0
:0

0
:0

12

13

0
:0

11

8:

9:

00

:0

19

:0

18

:0

17

:0

16

:0

15

:0
14

:0

13

:0

12

:0

:0

10

11

00

9:

8:

00

200

:0

400

10

600

00

600
500
400
300
200
100
-

4.2 WALL-1

CONDUCTION(WALL(2) : NW)
MIRAE98

CONDUCTION(WALL(2) : SE)

RTS

MIRAE98

4,000

RTS

3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
-

3,000
2,000
1,000

8:
00
9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

8:
00
9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

CONDUCTION(WALL(2) : NE)
MIRAE98

CONDUCTION(WALL(2) : SW)

RTS

MIRAE98

2,000

RTS

1,500

1,500

1,000

1,000

500

500

9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

8:
0

8:
00
9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

4.3 WALL-2

42

RTS-SAREK

PEO PLE

LIGHTING

EQUIPMENT

4.6

MIRAE98

160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000

4.8
43

:0
0
19

:0
0
18

:0
0
17

:0
0
16

:0
0
15

:0
0
14

:0
0
13

:0
0
12

:0
0
11

10

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0
19

:0
0

:0
0

RTS

180,000

9:
00

18

17

4.7

TOTAL

8:
00

18

17

16

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0

RTS

15

14

13

:0
0

:0
0

:0
0

12

11

10

:0
0
19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

8:
00

:0
0

2,000

23,000

:0
0

4,000

23,500

:0
0

6,000

24,000

:0
0

8,000

24,500

:0
0

10,000

25,000

:0
0

12,000

25,500

:0
0

14,000

26,000

:0
0

16,000

26,500

:0
0

27,000

9:
00

MIRAE98
18,000

16

RTS

27,500

9:
00

15

ROOF

MIRAE98

8:
00

14

13

12

11

4.5

:0
0

8:
00

4.4

:0
0

19

5,000

24,000

:0
0

10,000

24,500

:0
0

15,000

25,000

RTS

:0
0

20,000

25,500

:0
0

25,000

26,000

:0
0

30,000

26,500

:0
0

35,000

27,000

:0
0

40,000

27,500

9:
00
10
:0
0
11
:0
0
12
:0
0
13
:0
0
14
:0
0
15
:0
0
16
:0
0
17
:0
0
18
:0
0
19
:0
0

28,000

8:
00

45,000

9:
00

MIRAE98

28,500

:0
0

RTS

10

MIRAE98

RTS-SAREK
()
(1) Peak Time 16:00 .
(2) 98 RTS-SAREK 10% .
()
(1) Peak Time 16:00 .
(2) 98 CLF 1 , RTS-SAREK ZONE
RTS
.
(3) (//) Solar Data / Sol-Air temperature
RTS-SAREK . RTSSAREK ,
/ RTS
.
()
98 RTS-SAREK ASHRAE
Data
. ,

.

4.3 LOADSYS
() LOADSYS
LOADSYS ASHRAE 1985 Handbook of Fundamentals
, CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature
Difference) 1985 ASHRAE Handbook Chapter 26
.
() LOADSYS RTS-SAREK

44

RTS-SAREK
(1)
(:Watt)

08:00

09:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

RTS-SAREK

109,412

119,897

126,919

131,485

134,260

136,951

136,963

LOADSYS

145,176

145,067

144,642

146,103

146,891

149,406

151,692

132.7

120.9

113.9

111.1

109.4

109.1

108.4

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

RTS-SAREK

143,814

147,051

147,863

146,068

136,493

LOADSYS

157,274

161,770

164,312

162,406

139,428

109.4

110.0

111.1

111.1

102.2

20:00

4.9 Cooling Load Profile Comparison

)

17:00
LOADSYS RTS-SAREK 11% .

) Peak 12:00~18:00 108%~111%

8~11% LOAD SYS .

(2)
45

RTS-SAREK
( : 17 )
No.

RTS-SAREK

LOADSYS

32,968 W(100%)

50,886 W(154.8%)

: 357.5

Wall

8,379 W(100%)

3,301 W(39.5%)

: 829.0

Roof

14,430 W(100%)

11,733 W(81.3%)

: 1,251

28,410 W(100%)

28,130 W(99.0%)

: 210

35,500 W(100%)

48,479 W(136.5%)

: 40.4 kW

26,276 W(100%)

26,921 W(102.4%)

: 26.9 kW

Peak 17
LOADSYS .

RTS-SAREK

) , , ,

100%

) RTS-SAREK LOADSYS 10%

.
()
RTS RTS-SAREK
LOADSYS
.
8~11% 10% LOADSYS
. TETD CLTD
10% . , CLTD(LOADSYS) TETD 10%
.
1970 TETD 2005 RTS-SAREK 15~20%
.

46

RTS-SAREK
4.4 HCL
() HCL
HCL ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals (1981) Ch.26 CLTD/CLF
1992 S/W
S/W .
, 16 , DATA MASTER DATA
, Error Check , Zone/Room Data
.

() HCL RTSLoad
(1)
4.10
HCL(CLTD ) Peak 15%~17% .
HCL(CLTD ) Peak .

RTS

RTS vs. CLTD ()

CLTD

134.6%

200,000

WATT

140.0%

123.8%
115.5%

115.3%
112.6% 113.0%

116.4% 117.1% 115.6%

111.6%

105.5% 120.0%

100.0%
100,000
80.0%
0

60.0%
08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

4.10 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD )

(2)
4.11 Peak
HCL(CLTD ) 50% .

47

RTS-SAREK
HCL(CLTD ) SC=0.43
RTS-SAREK(RTS )
RTS

RTS vs. CLTD (GLASS)

CLTD

60,000

200.0%
180.3%

WATT

50,000

146.2%

141.7%
121.7%

40,000

117.9%

151.8%

148.1% 155.6%

137.6%

125.1%

160.0%
113.8%

120.0%

30,000
80.0%

20,000

40.0%

10,000
0

0.0%
08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

4.11 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD )

(3) Wall
HCL(CLTD ) 4.12
SAREK(RTS ) 70~75% .

Peak

RTS-

A~G Type HCL(CLTD ) RTS-SAREK(RTS )

RTS

RTS vs. CLTD (WALL)

CLTD

WATT

10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0

82.2%

08

70.6%

09

63.8% 60.5%

10

11

63.0%

72.2%

75.0% 72.4%

14

15

68.9%

62.4%

17

18

67.6%

12

13

16

90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%

4.12 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD ) Wall

48

RTS-SAREK
(4) Roof
HCL(CLTD ) Peak RTS-SAREK(RTS )
4.13 80% . Wall Type
HCL(CLTD ) RTS-SAREK(RTS )
.
RTS

RTS vs. CLTD (ROOF)

CLTD

WATT

112.7%

20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0

120.0%

102.3% 94.0%
87.8% 81.6%

76.8%

100.0%
72.8%

68.8%

80.0%
60.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

4.13 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD ) Roof

(5) Lighting
HCL(CLTD ) Peak RTS-SAREK(RTS )
4.14 125~130% . HCL(CLTD ) 24
CLF=1.0

RTS

RTS vs. CLTD (LIGHT)

CLTD

60,000

137%

133%

130%

50,000

WATT

140%

129%
128%

128%

128%

127%

126%

125%

40,000
30,000

120%

20,000
10,000
0

100%
08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

4.14 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD ) Lighting

49

18

RTS-SAREK
(6)
HCL(CLTD ) 4.15 Peak RTS-SAREK 106%
. Lighting CLF 1.0

RTS

RTS vs. CLTD (Person)

CLTD

130.0%

18,000
17,000

120.1%113.0%
109.4% 107.3%

WATT

16,000

106.6% 106.0% 106.0% 105.3% 104.7% 104.0% 103.4%

120.0%
110.0%

15,000

100.0%

14,000

90.0%

13,000
12,000

80.0%

11,000

70.0%

10,000

60.0%
08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

4.15 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD )

(7)
HCL(CLTD ) 4.16 Peak RTS-SAREK 103%
. HCL(CLTD ) 24
CLF=1.0 .

RTS
CLTD

RTS vs. CLTD (EUIPMENT)

WATT

30,000
28,000
26,000
24,000
22,000
20,000

110%

107% 105% 104% 104% 103% 103% 103% 103% 102% 102%

120.0%
100.0%
80.0%
60.0%

08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

4.16 RTS-SAREK(RTS ) HCL(CLTD )

50

RTS-SAREK
(8)
- Peak 16:00 4.2 .
4.2 Peak (16:00 )

COOLING LOAD(W)
RTS-SAREK

HCL(CLTD)

Glass

32,476

49,305

Roof

14,980

11,508

Wall

7,819

5,663

Sub-Total

55,275

66,476

People

14,928

15,628

Light

38,262

48,488

Equipment

26,196

26,919

Sub-Total

79,386

91,035

12,390

12,453

147,051

169,964

RTS-SAREK

Exterior
Load
(SEN)

+11,201

+6.6%

+11,649

+6.9%

Interior
Load
(SEN)

LATENT(People)
Grand Total

15.6%

- (SOLAR/ TRANS, ) HCL(CLTD ) RTSSAREK(RTS ) 7% . S/W HCL

RTS-SAREK
20%~30%
- (, , ) HCL(CLTD ) 24
100% RTS-SAREK(RTS ) Time Series
CLTD 7% .
- HCL(CLTD ) RTS-SAREK(RTS )
10% .

51

RTS-SAREK
4.5 TRANSYS
()
(1)
.

4.28 ,

4.17 ,

3 m .
1 , 1 . 1,480
1,820 mm (5.8 W/ K) .
.
-. : 32, 70%, 9( ), -12, 70%()
-. : 0.2 /(radiant ratio=60%),
-. : 25 W/(60%), 25 W/(30%)
-. : 26, 50%(), 20, 40%()
-. : 8

52

RTS-SAREK
- : 1.989 W/m2 K
- : 0.450 W/m2 K
- : 5.740 W/m2 K
(2)
.
RTS-SAREK .
- (, )
- (, ) ()
-
TRNSYS 26, 50%
.
)
1 (57 m3/h)
. (8~20 ) 4.4
. RTS-SAREK
.

)
RTS-SAREK TRNSYS
.
53

RTS-SAREK
)
TRNSYS
.
.
,

. RTS-SAREK

TRNSYS .

TRNSYS
. 4.5
54

RTS-SAREK
. TRNSYS
TRNSYS
() . 4.5 .
4.5 RTS-SAREK ,
5 .
(3)
RTS-SAREK MS Office
.
TRNSYS
. ,
TRNSYS
.
RTS-SAREK TRNSYS
.
- ,
-

- TRNSYS .
- RTS-SAREK TRNSYS RTS-SAREK
, ,

() ASHRAE
(1)

.
(ASHRAE Fig. 12)
.
, .
- : 25.47
- : Atlanta, GA
- : 7:00~ 7:00, 440 W
- : 8:00~ 5:00, 10.76 W/
- : 23.9, 50%

55

RTS-SAREK
(2)

(Brick Wall) (Spandrel wall) .

4.6 ASHRAE Fundamentals Ch. 30 Table 18
.

56

RTS-SAREK
U=3.24 W/m2K 2 TRNSYS16.0 IIsibat Library U
.
. ASHRAE
TRNSYS16.0 IIsibat
3 W/m2K 17 W/m2K ,
(Absorptance) 0.35 0.75 .
(3) Single room
ASHRAE Fundamentals
TRNSYS16.0 .
RTS-SAREK
, .
24
ASHRAE Fundamentals
TRNSYS16.0 .
(4)
4.18 TRNSYS16.0 RTS-SAREK
. TRNSYS16.0

RTS-SAREK
.
RTS-SAREK ,
. TRNSYS 16.0 (
)
TRNSYS16.0 .

57

RTS-SAREK
(5)
RTS-SAREK (overhang)
, ,
. TRNSYS16.0
. 4.19
.
4.18 4.19

.

(6)
RTS-SAREK
. TRNSYS16.0
58

RTS-SAREK
RTS-SAREK 4.20
.

59

RTS-SAREK
, RTS-SAREK
TRNSYS16.0
.
4.7
RTS-SAREK

TRNSYS16.0

3
831

4
828

[W]

329

352

[W]
[W]

265
1,346

265
1,098

[W]
[W]

2,771

2,543

706

704

[W]

[W]

RTS-SAREK -7.3
22.2 . 4.8 .
,
.

4.8
[W]
[W]
[W]

RTS-SAREK

TRNSYS16.0

1,787
704
2,491

1,641
683
2,324

(7) whole building

single room .

60

RTS-SAREK

whole building single room

TRNSYS16.0
. TRNSYS16.0 RTS-SAREK
RTS-SAREK Loadsys, Mirae98
.

61

RTS-SAREK

5.

.
Engineer ASHRAE
CLTD/CLF , CLTD/SCL/CLF
LOADSYS, HCL, 98
. ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook
. ASHRAE
2001 Heat Balance RTS , 2005
.
2006 "
"
ASHRAE RTS
RTS-SAREK . RTS-SAREK
ASHRAE Handbook ,
.
RTS-SAREK Sample RTS-SAREK
. RTS-SAREK
, ,
RTS-LOAD
. 2005 ASHRAE
Handbook, Fundamental 30 (HB) (RTS)
31 (Cooling Load Calculation)
.
" "
RTS-SAREK ,

.

6.
(1) Load Calculation Applications Manual, Jeffrey D. Spitler, ASHRAE, 2009
(2) ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, 2001.2005, 2009.
(3) ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, 1989, 1993, 1997.
(4) Faye C. McQuiston, Jeffrey D. Spitler, Cooling and Heating Laod
Calculation Manual, Second Edition, ASHRAE, 1992.
(5)CLTD/SCL/CLF Table Generation Program, ASHRAE, 1992.
(6) , , , 1986.

62