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13

(1) : , 6-7,
.
(2) Thucydides, BOOKS V-VI, Loeb Classical
Library, Harvard.
(3) ,
, , 1981.
(4). W. Gomme, Andrewes A., Dover . J: A
HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ON THUCYDIDES.
Oxford University Press, 1945-1981.
(5) Ulrich Wilcken:
, , . 1976.
(6) J. . Finley: THUCYDIDES, Oxford
University Press, 1942.
(7) D. Kagan: THE PEACE OF NICIAS AND THE
SICELIAN EXPEDITION, Cornell University
Press, 1974.
(8) S. Hornblower: THUCYDIDES. London Duckworth, 1987.
(9) J. B. Bury & R. Meiggs:
, .
1981.
(10) Jacqueline de Romiily: THUCYDIDES AND
ATHENIAN IMPERIALISM. Oxford University
Press, 1967.
(11) Jacqueline de Romiily: ,
"To ", , 1995.

,


"RHEINUBUNG"
1941.




"BISMARCK"


,

.

BISMARCK




1939,

,
.



,

.

, ,

.

,

1940,
.

Wehrmacht

,
.

(
)
,

11
21 .


,
.
,

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.,. ...
,.
,.,.
....
;....
....

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.



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,

19

.

.


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"
,


.


,


,

. " "Graf Spee"
(
)
,
"Berlin,
, . ,
,

.
,



. 3
1941

"Bismarck" ,
"Anton" "Bruno",

.


Luftwaffe.

Scharnhorst" "Gneisenau"


.

,

.

,
59 22
.

 "Prinz
Eugen",
"Admiral
Hipper",
1938

. 14.000 t,
209 m 21,9 m.

8 in
115,7kg.

,
,


Spitfire 21
1941
,


Bismarck1'



.

'



. ",Bismarck"
27 1941.

"Berlin"

Rheinubung (" ").
"Bismarck",
24 1940
46 ,

.
"Bismarck" "Scharnhorst" "Gneisenau",
(
138%
) ,

.
"Bismarck"
1941 ,
,
. , ,


,


.

( ,

).
"Bismarck"
"Rheinubung".

"Prinz Eugen"
,

.

. "Scharnhorst"
,
,
6 1941


"Gneisenau" ,

.


,
.
5

,
"Bismarck" "Tirpitz"

.

"Bismarck"

.

.


"Berlin'.
Prinz Eugen"
,
1.400 .

18


,

.


20 .

, ,

,
"Gotland".

, .
20 -

17

To "Bismarck"
"Prinz Eugen

9
,
,
.



.

"J

.



. To "Bismarck"

, "Prinz Eugen" , .

"Hood", 42.1001,
1920 9
(1922), &,
9 9 .

. 1930
.

TO BISMARCK REVELL
1/570

To "Bismarck" "Tirpitz"

' .

.
24 1940. 18
1941
"Rheinubung". 27 1941
490 km .

131 ,

23 ,

.

.
42,2 cm (
: Nilco/Revell, .
163, , 17342, . 2109889800).
.

,

.


,
.






"" .

.

.
,



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(
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,

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,

,

, .



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.

;
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,
" '

BISMARCK:

Bism arck
, T irp itz,
,

,


.
Bism arck 1936
Blohm & Voss .

.
1939
.
.
35.000 t , Bism arck
50.955 t (). 251 m, 36
m 9,33 m.
136.200 hp 12 Wagner
,
30,1 kts,

.
.

Bism arck

.
.

11 in.
16 in ( )

,
.
Bism arck SK
380mm/L47 ( 15 in),
, (A n to n B runo)
(C aesar D ora), 1.100 t

36.510 m
800 kg 25 .



10,5 m . Bism arck
840 15 in.

500 kW 690 kW. SK 150mm/L55.
105mm/L65.16
37mm/L83 12 20 mm.

Arado 196,
.
Bism arck
.
40% St 95 St 70.
Krupp
, .
360 mm
30 mm .

1.016 kg
11 km.
,
,
80% .
Bism arck
90%
.
Bism arck
,
.
,
200
500 . , , ( )
, 8.294 t . Bism arck 8.330 km 28 kts, 12.300 km 24 kts
15.800 km 19 kts.
103
1.962 .
.
: 21
.
Bism arck
.

19

^.


,
-
1
"Hood"
.

"PrinzEugen"
"Rheinubung".

20

,

1941,
,
"King George V".

RAF.

.


,
.

Norfolk"
.
"Suffolk".

" 1.600 km

.

.


Spitfire

. 13.15 21
"Bismarck"
"Prinz Eugen .


18.00.

:



.
,

: . 70 m.
.
".
RAF
.


:
. .

RAF



. "
", . "
10 ".



"Bismarck",

. , 22 ,


,
"Weissenburg"

,
"Bismarck",
1940
, .

,
.
.

Bismarck"
"Prinz Eugen
,


.
,


.
,
,
-


.

,

 " B I S M A R C K

'Suffolk'
Norfolk"

\
'

To "Hood"
"King George V", "Repulse1
"Victorious"

"Victorious"

^ To "Rodney"

"Prinz Eugen'

"Repulse1

'R odney1

Bismarck" /
\

To "Bismarck"
\
Catalina \

"Ark Royal'

^ "/

"Bismarck"
, .

"H ood"
. .
270
.

.
.


.


,

".

1940

,
.

, ,

, "Suffolk" "Norfolk,
-. ,
10.0001,
8 in
31 kts.
: Norfolk"

, "Suffolk"
Type-284,
360
27 km
.
-
, 'Arethusa'
"Birmingham" "Manchester".



,



.


. 21 Hood1

.

.
"Prince of

22

Wales" .
6 "King George V",

.

"Victorious 23.0001, 25
"Repulse,
15 in,
"Aurora", "Galatea", "Hermione", Kenya",
"Neptune" .

"Bismarck" "Prinz Eugen"


.
,

.

,




.


.
22

.

.

;
Maryland

. 19.15

1.390 km.


25 kts. "Bismarck" "Prinz Eugen"

.

"Norfolk"
"Suffolk"
.
" ",
, "
,

,
".
19.22 23
"Suffolk"

.



.
-

14 in ",Prince of
Wales"
Bismarck"
.

. To "Bismarck"
! "Suffolk"

.

.
Bismarck" !


"Hood"


.



.


,

Norfolk
"Suffolk" .
.
",
,
,
,
28 ,
,

".


"Rheinubung"
22 ,
!

23
,
"Hood"


"Prince of Wales"

.

.


.

28 kts

.
05.37 " !"
.
:


, .
.
Hood"

,

.
"Hood".
, 262 m,

"Bismarck.
33% .
, "Bismarck".
( 95 mm,
203 mm "Bismarck)

. "Hood" 15 in
, 872 kg
30 km 30 .

,


.


("
",
),
"Prince of Wales (
1.640 ),

.
"King George V",
,

.

(
)
35.0001,
10 14 in (

)
'5 in. -V
_ 6. <~ 722 kg "King George V" .
.. 40 .

"Prince of
.'.'ales'


Cammell Laird

!
227 m,
31,7 m 28 kts.

. .

jv ia

.


jpyicFKO

"Prince of
Wales"
1941

.

"King George V"

'
,

.

Bsmarck"
.
.


'Hood", 24.200 m
05.52.
: * , 50
.

. "Bismarck"
.

: - "Prinz Eugen" . c c jo io
. ,

;. ,

0/
"Bismarck"

.

"Prinz Eugen"

"Hood"
, 4 in.
.
To "Bismarck" , 05.55.
,


"Hood" ,
.

"Bismarck".
,
"Prince of Wales"
. To "Prince of 1.000 m .
Wales "Bismarck*, "Hood" ,
"Hood

. Prinz Eugen"
. "",
05.53, .
.
: " 1.
.
: " ".
21.000 m
"Bismarck" : "!
!'1.
:
" " .
- "Hood" -

23

24

Bismarck",
06.00.
15 in
"Hood"
.


. "Prince
of Wales"


"Hood".

, .
95 1.324 "Hood"
.

"Prince of Wales

.
"Hood"
.

.
13.700 m (
20 ) "Prince of Wales"
: 15 in


,
.

.
"Prince Eugen"

5,25 in
400 1
.
06.03 "Bismarck"
"Prinz Eugen" "

"Prince of Wales"
.



, "Prinz Eugen"
"Prince of Wales"
15 .

"Prince of Wales"

-,

,

,
06.09
.
, "Prince of Wales"


.

"Bismarck"
.

.
"Bismarck"
.

"Prince of Wales"
,



-


.

TO "BISM ARCK"
31,5
"Bismarck" .
52

.
. "Bismarck"
.
"Prince of Wales"
No 2

2.0001.


,
"" 3

1.000 t
.


.


,

"Normandie".
"

", , "

.
,
, 08.01,


28 ,
".

"Hood"

.

.
.
-
,


.

"King George V" (
"Prince of Wales"),
"Repulse"
"Victorious".
"Ramillies" 31.000 t (
15 in),
-127,
.
, "Revenge",

,

"Bismarck".

. "London"
"Edinburgh"
.
"Rodney" 37.7801,
16 in,

,
-

___________ i

"Bismarck",
"Rodney"
"Nelson"


,

.

,
180

"Bismarck". 4
,
,
WS-8B
.


, '
.


""
,
Ark Royal",
"Renown"
"Sheffield.
"Dorsetshire"
SL-74
.


"Bismarck
, ,
, '
.
U-556,

,
!
24 Norfolk"
"Suffolk" ( "Prince of Wales" )

,
,
.


,


.

, Suffolk"
. 18.14 "Bismarck"

180
,
30 km .
"Prinz Eugen"
(
)

.

"Bismarck
.
Swordfish
" " .
, ,


"Bismarck" -

25
.

"Bismarck".

,
(
).



.
Swordfish
.

(
240 km),

Swordfish.
,

"Victorious".


- ,
.
To Suffolk
Bismarck
,


.

.
25 . 03.00.


,

25


.

,

,
.


30 (!) .

,

Bismarck
.
Bismarck
()

.

26

Suffolk
Bismarck
.


.
-

,
.
.

330
!
Bismarck
!.
,
,
, .

, .

,
Bismarck,
Hood, ;.
25
.




.



.
To "Revenge" , "Victorious, "Prince of
Wales" "Repulse"
. To King George V"
Rodney

,
,

To "Bismarck" "Prince of Wales"

06.08 24 1941.

"Bismarck" "Prinz Eugen"
.
"Prince of Wales'' .

.


.





. ,
,
,
Catalina

, .

. Catalina
209
,

.


. 10.30 26

120 .


!

. Bismarck
,

.

1.100 km .

 ,


Suffolk",

Bismarck".

.
Bismarck
8.0001 6.500 t.
Hood Prince of Wales
2.0001 ,

1.0001 No 2.
28 kts
1.0001 24
1.200 km.
,

,

20 kts.

Bismarck
. 210 km



Luftwaffe

.
.


,
,

Swordfish

"Victorious" .

,
"Prince of
Wales",

.

Bismarck
.

Bismarck ,
.
Renown
Hood,
Swordfish Ark Royal

.


Swordfish .
Bismarck
Catalina,

. , -

.

.

.

Bismarck, Sheffield

!

.

Ark Royal
.
. '
15 Swordfish 19.10.
.
Bismarck

. Swordfish

,

.

20.47,
.
Swordfish
,
.
Bismarck
.

38 .
Bismarck
. =
.

.
.

.
. .
Swordfish .
Bismarck>=
.


10 .


,

.

.
300 kg TNT
Bismarck
10

.

27


. 0


,
.



.
Bismarck 3 kts.

. ,

,
.
.


.
21.40
:
, .


.

:
.
. ,
.

. :

.
.

To "Rodney" () 16 in.
"Bismarck" .

,
, "Bismarck" 27 .
"Rodney" "King George V"
.

Bismarck
01.20 ,
Cossack, Maori, Sikh, Zulu
Piorun.


16 .
.


Bismarck.

,



.
Rodney King George V
08.45, 118 ,
Bismarck

.

600

To "Bismarck"
, "Caesar" Dora",
. 10,5 m FuMO 27
.

,
Bismarck

!
7 .
08.47 Rodney

20.100 m.
King George V.

10 kts, Bismarck


Rodney.


.
, ,
Bismarck

. 08.54 8 in
Norfolk
.


. 09.02
16 in Bruno

Rodney (

)
Anton.

.
14 in
.
Bismarck
. 09.30
.

 "Bismarck"



.

.

Bismarck

. King George
V

:

80% 23 40%.
Rodney,
20 kts,
.
16 in
Bismarck .
10.15 .


Rodney, -,
4.000 m
,
16 in
.
10.23, 36
,
.


(
)


.
Bismarck 6 Dorsetshire,
.
Bismarck
.

Bismarck.


15
.
,
,




.




.




.
Bismarck
10.36 27 1941.

115 , .
Bismarck


.

.
( ,
,
)


.
Bismarck


. 9 1989
, ,

,

115
"Bismarck" 2.200
.

Dorsetshire '.

4.750 m
(
)
24.
Bismarck 4
,

.
.

.

29

(1) R. Cartier:
,
, 1964.
(2) C.S. Forester: SINK THE BISMARCK!.
Bantam Books, 1963.
(3) E. Gray: HITLERS BATTLESHIPS. Naval
Institute Press, 1992.
(4) E. Grove: SEA BATTLES IN CLOSE-UP. Ian
Allan, 1993.
(5) R. Humble: HITLERS HIGH SEAS FLEET.
Baliantine, 1971.
(6) G. Koop & K.P.Schmolke: BATTLESHIPS OF
THE BISMARCK CLASS, Greenhell. 1998.
(7) B. Baron von Mullenheim-Rechberg:
BATTLESHIP BISMARCK, Birlinn. 2001.
(8) G. Rhys-Jones: THE LOSS OF THE
BISMARCK, Cassell, 2000.
(9) WAR ON THE HIGH SEAS. Time-Life Books.
1991.
(10) M.J. Whitley: GERMAN CAPITAL SHIPS
O F WORLD WAR TWO, Cassell. 2000.
(11) M.J. Whitley: BATTLESHIPS OF WORLD
WAR TWO, Cassell, 2001.
(12) R. Winklareth: THE BISMARCK CHASE.
Naval Institute Press. 1998.


..,. ,

1973

(15-18 )

.

,

.

1973, "
" ( ), 6

, 0
, ,
( ),
, 1967.
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(1) Martin van Creveld: COMMAND IN WAR.

Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Massachusetts and London. England.
(2) :
,

, , 1977.
(3) Michael C. Jordan: THE 1973 AR AB
ISRAELI WARS, 1997.
(4) home.freeuk.com/henridecat/Operation
Stronghead, 17th October 1973.

(1) ,
, 168
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.

(1) Ken Bradley: INTERNATIONAL BRIGADES

IN SPAIN 1936-39, Osprey - Elite Series,
London, 2000.
(2) A nthony Beevor: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR,

53

1936-39, Cassell, London, 1982.

(3) Patrick Turnbull: THE SPANISH CIVIL
WAR 1936-39, O sprey- Men at Arms.
London, 1978.
(4) Chris Henry: THE EBRO 1938. Osprey Campaign Series, London, 1999.
(5) Gabriel Jackson: THE SPANISH
REPUBLIC AND THE CIVIL AR.1931-39.
Princeton U niversity Press. 1972.
(6) : TO Y
, .
, 1965.
(7) Anthony Livesay: GREAT B AU LE S
O F THE WORLD, Michael Joseph Limited.
London, 1987.
(8) :
(
),
, , 2001.
(9) Edouar Bobrowski:
,
" ", .188,
1984.

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.

1,
1307
-

(1) Malcolm Barber: THE TRIAL O F THE

TEMPLARS, Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge, 1978.
(2) Malcolm Barber: THE NEW KNIGHTHOOD.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1994.
(3) :
, . .
(4) David Nicolle: THE CRUSADES. O sprey
Publishing, Oxford, 2001.
(5) David Nicolle: KNIGHT O F OUTREMER.
O sprey Publishing, Oxford, 1996.
(6) Joshua Prawer: CRUSADER INSTITUTONS.
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980.
(7) Jonathan Riley-Smith (editor): THE
OXFORD ILLUSTRATED HISTORY O F THE
CRUSADES, O xford University Press. Oxford.
1995.
(8) Steven Runciman: A HISTORY O F THE
CRUSADES, Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge, 1954.
(9) Kenneth Setton: THE PAPACY AND THE
LEVANT, The American Philosophical Society,
Philadelphia, 1976.
(10) Kenneth Setton: A HISTORY O F THE
CRUSADES, Univerrity of W isconsin Press.
Madison, 1969-1990.
(11) Desmond Seward: THE MONKS O F WAR.
Penguin Books, 1995.

j
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0 20 .
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1) .
2) - (1904-1905)
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(1) BrookerPaul: TWENTIETH-CENTURY

DICTATORSHIPS: THE IDEOLOGICAL ONE-PARTY
STATES, New York University Press, January 1996.
(2) Collected Works in Memory of Grand Duke
Constantine Constantinovich, The Council of All
Cadet Union Abroad, Paris, 1962.
(3) Constantinovich Gavriil, Grand Duke, IN THE
MARBLE PALACE, FROM THE CHRONICLE OF OUR
FAMILY, Chekhov Publishing House, New York, 1955.
(4) Conte Arthur: LES DICTATEURS DU XX SIECLE,
ed. Robert Laffont, Paris, 1984.
(5) : , .
, , 1980.
(6) :
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(8) A.:
, . , , 1972.
(9) Paleologue Maurice: AN AMBASSADOR'S
MEMOIRS, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1923.
(10) THE PENGUIN ATLAS OF WORLD HISTORY,
London, 1978.
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