ChanikanTangjitmungmun,Gam

NatthaTheevarajirasab,Nut
SuthidaTermthong,Pufai
PimployChankiew,Pim
Dec18,2015

IodideCrystals

Abstract
Therecrystallizationwasprocessedbythecombinationoftetramethylammonium
+
iodide(Me
N
I
),0.6gofiodine,and12mLof95%ethanol.Thereactantswereheatedand
4

cooledafterward.Wegotthepurplecrystalsby(CH
)
NI+I
to(CH
)
NI
whichitisa
3
4
2
3
4
3
tetramethylammoniumtriiodidewith
32.98%yield
.

Object/Purpose
Thepurposeofthisexperimentwastoobserve

therelationshipbetweenthestructure
andcolorofthecompound.

Introduction
Polyhalogenionispolyatomicofhalogensonly.Itcouldbeclassedintotwoclasses
whichisisopolyhalogenandheteropolyhalogen.Theisopolyhalogenhavebothcationand
anion,butthisexperimentwasfocusedontheisopolyhalogenanion,whichistriiodideand
pentaiodide.Theyarecomposedofsameelement,butdifferentnumbersofiodinewhich
produceaneffectofdifferentstructures.Triiodideiscomposedofthreeiodineatoms,while
pentaiodidehasfiveiodineatoms.Asshowninthefigure(1)istriiodide,andfigure(2)is
pentaiiodide.

(1) Structureofthetriiodideanion(2)Structureofthepentaiodideanion
Therearemanymethodstopurificationcompoundsuchascentrifugation,distillation,
evaporation,andrecrystallization.Oneofthegreatpurificationlaboratorytechniquesisto

recrystallize.Thistechniqueuncontaminatedsolidsbytakingadvantageofthedifferent
solubilitypropertiesofcompounds.Itremovestheimpuritiesoutandgetonlythepure
compoundbyheatthesolutiontodissolvingcompoundandsolvent.Todissolveiodinewith
ethanol,addingtetramethylammoniumwillmakeitbecomefastertoattachwithorganic
compundasethanol.Asshowninthefigure(3)isthestructureoftetramethylammonium.

(3)structureoftetramethylammonium
Whenthesolutioniscooleddownandbecomecrystalsthatturnupduringthe
cooling,ithastobeseparatedtogetonlythepurecrystalsbyusingsuctionfiltration.Itsa
techniqueforseparatingthesolidfromtheliquidmixture,whichallowsagreaterrateof
filtration.Thesuctionfiltrationthefastapplicationofreducedpressurepourstheliquid
mixturethroughthefilterpaperinaBchnerfunnel.Whiletheliquidmixtureisdrawnby
forcesthroughthefilterpaperinagravityfiltration.
Inthisexperiment,weusedthe0.6gofiodidetodothecrystallisation.

Procedure
1. Prepare50mLbeaker,weighingpaper,spatula,andstirringrod(glassstick).
2. Puttheweighingpaperonthemassscaleandsettozero.
3. Weight0.5gtetramethylammoniumbyusingaspatulaandaddinthebeaker.
4. Breaktetramethylammoniumclumpsbyusingstirringrod.
5. Weigh0.6giodinebyusingspatulaandaddintothebeaker
+
6. UseastirringrodtobreakdowntheMe
N
I

7. Add12mLof95%ethanolbyusingagraduatedcylinder
8. Heatitonthehotplate.Donotmakeittoohotandbeingcarefulbecauseitboil
easily.
9. Dothisuntildissolved.
10. Makesurethattheliquidmixtureisalldissolved.
11. Takethebeakeroutandwaituntilitbecomecrystal.Donotdisturbit.

12. Whencrystalhasformed,putontheicebathtomakeithasmorecrystals.
13. Duringcrystalization,setupthesuctionsiltration.
14. Placethecrystalstosuctionsiltration.
15. Washthecrystalsbyhexane.
16. Openthevacuumfiltrationtosuckliquidoff.
17. Repeatsteps1516fivetimesuntilliquidhasnocolour.
18. Bringthecrystaloutofthesuctionsiltration.
19. Setthewatchglassonthemassscaleandsettozero.
20. Putthecrystalonwatchglassbyusingspatula.Weightthecrystalsandrecordit.
21. Replacethecrystalintoepitube.Andputtheremainderonthewaste.

Data/Results
Thetableshowstheamountofcompoundsthatuseinexperiment
TetramethylammoniumIodide

0.5g

Iodine

0.6g

FinalproductMe4NI3

0.71g

Figure(4):Theweightofcrystalwas0.71grams.


Figure(5):12mLofEthanolmixwith0.5goftetramethylammoniumiodideandMe 4N+I
Calculations
0.5g
201g/mol

=2.49 10

0.6g
126.904g/mol
0.71g
455g/mol

YieldofTetramethylammoniumIodide
3

=4.73 10 YieldofIodine
3

=1.56 10 Yieldoffinalproduct

Discussion
Somecompoundshavethesamesubstanceswithdifferentproperties,becauseof
differentamountofelements.Thecolorofcrystalalsodependsontheamountsofiodine
added.Iftheamountsofiodineis1.3g,thecolorofcrystalisgreen,whileifadding0.6gof
iodine,thecolorispurple.Accordingtotheresult,thecrystalsareallinpurplewithoutany
green,becausepurplecrystalswilloccurbeforegreencrystals.Theiodineiscombinewitha
+

Tetramethylammoniumpentaiodideandform(CH 3) 4N I3 ,whichcausespurplecolor.
ActualYieldistheamountofpercentactuallyobtanedfromareaction.Theoretical
Yieldistheamountofprductthatwouldresultifallthelimitingreagantreacted.
ActualY ield
PercentYield= TheoreticalY
ield 100%
3

PercentYield=
1.5610 3 100%
4.7310

PercentYield=32.98%

Toisolatethesolutionbyusingsuctionfiltrationisfasterandmoreefficientwayto
filtratingthecrystals.Meanwhile,thegravityfiltrationistheoneusetoremovesolid
impuritiesfromanorganicliquid,whilethesuctionfiltrationisusetocollectadesiredsolid.
Forexample,thecollectionofcrystalsinarecrystallizationprocedure.
IodineislessreactivethanotherelementsintheHalogengroupandtakestimeand
noteasilytodissolve.Ithasahighatomicnumber,lowtoxicity,andeasilyattachwith
organiccompounds.Addingtetramethylammoniummakesiodinebecomefastertoattach
withethanolwhichisoreganiccompund.Thereactantswasheatedduringtheproceduretobe
easiertodissolve.However,usingothersolventmightgeneratedifferentresult.

Conclusion
+
The0.5gtetramethylammoniumiodide(Me
N
I
)with0.6gofiodineispurifiedby
4

crystallizationmethodinto0.71gandthepercentyieldofcrystaloftetramethylammonium
pentaiodideis32.98%.Duetotheresultsoftheexperiment,thecrystalcolorispurple.Itcan
beassumedthatdifferentbondingstructuresofsameelementcausethedifferentcolorofthe
resultant.

References
1.PolyhalogenCompounds.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
<http://www.learnnext.com/nextgurukul/wiki/concept/CBSE/XII/Chemistry/Polyhaloge
nCompounds.htm>
2.Vacuumfiltration.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
<http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~bacher/General/30BL/tips/vacuum.html>
3.RecrystallizationTechnique.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
<https://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/equipment/recrystallization.html>
4.SuctionFiltration.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
<http://www.chem.yorku.ca/profs/hempsted/chemed/equipment/suction.html>
5.Recrystallization.(2013,October2).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
<http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Solut
ions_and_Mixtures/Case_Studies/RECRYSTALLIZATION>
6.TheAdditionofIodinetoTetramethylammoniumIodide.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,
2015,from

<http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/j150502a025>

Tasks
1.Abstract:NatthaTheevarajirasab,Nut
2.Object/Purpose:ChanikanTangjitmungmun,Gam
3.Introduction:ChanikanTangjitmungmun,Gam
4.Procedure:NatthaTheevarajirasab,Nut/ChanikanTangjitmungmun,Gam
5.Data/Results:SuthidaTermthong,Pufai
6.Calculations:SuthidaTermthong,Pufai
7.Discussion:PimployChankiew,Pim/SuthidaTermthong,Pufai
8.Conclusion:NatthaTheevarajirasab,Nut
9.References:PimployChankiew,Pim