Spotlight on San Diego Science at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center on Tuesday, January 12, 2016 Presents The Dolphin’s Secret by Dr. Jim Rohr (scientist) and suggested lessons by Zamaria Rocio (teacher)Leonardo Home Page hitp://legacy:mos.org/sIn/Leonardo/LeoHomePage. html ene Day Steals WW | uaeeaGh Eze tence | Gee Who was Leonardo da Vinci? ‘+ He had a ean eye and quick mind that lec him to make important scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas. | + Howas a gantie vegetaran who loved animale and despised war, yet he werked as 2 miliary ‘engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. + He was one of the greatest painters ofthe laian Renaissance, yet he left only a handful of ‘completed paintings, Before you explore this site. you may want to rea the ‘Tntroductory Letter to Teachers Explore this site and learn about this fascinating scientist, ___ inventor, and artist. ___ ‘Aresource fr teachers and students developed by the Museum of Science, Boston forthe Science Learning Network ‘Since Laenng Mewar ema: slog og! © 1997 The Museum et Stones lof ina » Dain cate te "cm Front » Heya coeaty » mney eee 1/10/2016 2:05 PMBye Dropper Cartesian 1of2 Inup://w ow stevespanglerscience.com’lab/experiments/eye-dropper-c se[ents) Eye Dropper Cartesian Diver Isitmind control or just aclever science trick? Is it mind controlor just a clever science trick? It's a classic science experiment using an eye-dropper, a soda bottle filed with water, and some great showmanship. Explore the science of Cartesian divers while amazing your friends with your telekinetic powers. Yeah, right! {( This experiment is named after Rene Descartes (1596-1650), a French scientist and mathematician who used the diver to, demonstrate gas laws and buoyancy. Materials * Aplastic soda bottle with a cap * Aglass eye-dropper = Water Experiment 1LFill the plastic soda bottle to the VERY top with water. 2.Fillthe glass eyedropper 1/4 full with water. You may need to experiment with the amount of water in the pipette to make it work. 43.Place the eyedropper into the soda bottle. The eyedropper should float and the water in the bottle should be overflowing. Seal the bottle with the cap. 4, Squeeze the sides of the bottle and notice how the eyedropper (called a diver) sinks. Release your squeeze andit floats back up to the top. 5, Squeeze again and observe the water level in the eyedropper (It goes up). 6.Practice making the diver go up and down without making it look like you're squeezing the bottle. ‘Amaze your friends with your ability to make the eyedropper obey your commands! V10/2016 2:22 PM.ye Dropper Cartesian Diver - The Lab Innp:/ww.stevespanglerscience.convlab/experiments/eye-dropperc.. How Does It Work? Squeezing the bottle causes the diver to sink because the increased pressure forces water up into the diver, ‘compressing the air at the top of the eyedropper. This increases the mass, and density, of the diver causing it tosink, Releasing the squeeze decreases the pressure on the air at the top of the eyedropper, and the water is forced back out of the diver. Additional Info Learn how to make a Ketchup Cartesian Diver (experiment/00000090). Use our SQUIDY Cartesian Divers (http://wwwstevespanglerscience.com/product/1163} (even In the Dark (nttp:/verstevespanglerscience.com/product/1161)). Make a game using Hook Cartesian Divers (http://www-stevespanglerscience.com/product/1164). Ste. e Spangler SCIENCE )!rstvespnaterscence const ©Copyright 2015 Steve Spangler Science 2of2 1/10/2016 2:22 PMCartesian Diver Demonstration Sheet htp://chemed.chem purdue.edu/demos/demosheets/1,2.heml 1.2 The Cartesian Diver Chemical Concepts Demonstrated: Density, pressure, Boyle's Law Demonstrat + A medicine dropped is partially filled with water and placed in 2-L bottle of water. * The bottle is filled and capped, and the sides of the bottle are compressed and released. before compression after compression ? Observations: When the bottle is squeezed, the medicine dropper falls through the water. When the pressure is cased, the dropper begins to float again. Explanation: ‘The Cartesian diver demonstrates the concept of density asa function of mass and volume. In the bottle's uncompressed state, the medicine dropper floats because there is not enough mass in the volume of the medicine dropper to make it sink (i.e. its density isn't great enough). It is mostly air, and this air is much less massive than the water surrounding it. The mass of the dropper and the small amount of water inside of it doesn't contibute to the total mass (and, as a result, the density) enough to make the diver sink. When the walls of the bottle are squeezed, the pressure increases inside the bottle. This added pressure decreases the volume of the gas in the bottle, including the gas in the medicine dropper. This is Boyle's Law, When the volume of the gas inside the medicine dropper decreases, the space left behind is filled with water (which is more massive than air). As a result, the mass inside the medicine dropper has increased substantially, but the volume has remained the sime. More mass in the same amount of volume yields a greater density. The density of the diver increases to the point where it is now greater than the density of the water surrounding it. The Cartesian diver sinks. lof 1/10/2016 2:23 PM.ecienwce BOB (3 MAKE A CARTESIAN DIVER! YOU WILL NEED: ‘Aclear ONE liter plastic soda bottle and cap (not the big 2 liter bottle) ‘+ Aball point pen cap that does not have holes in it + Some modeling clay (‘sculpey" works too) WHAT TO 00 1. Remove any labels from your bottle so that you can watch the action, 2. Fill the bottle to the very top with water. 3, Place a small pea-size piece of modeling clay at the end of the point on the pen cap. (see drawing) 4, Slowly place the pen cap into the bottle, modeling clay ond first, (some ‘water will pill out — that’s okay) It should just barely float. Ifit sinks take some clay away. Ifit loats too much add more clay. 5. Now serew on the bottle cap nice and tight. 6. Now for the fun part. You can make the pen cap rise and fall at your com- mand. Squeeze the bottle hard — the pen cap sinks...stop squeezing and the en cap rises, With alittle practice, you can even getit to stop right in the middle. HOW DOES IT WORK? Impressive, but how does it work? This eaxperiment is all about DENSITY. When you squeeze the bottle, the air bubble in the pen cap compresses (gots, smaller) and that makes it more dense than the water around it. When this happens, the pen sinks. When you stop squeezing, the bubble gets bigger again, the water is forced out of the cap, and the pen cap rises. It it doesn't work: play around with the amount of clay and be sure the bottle is filled to the very top before putting on the cap. ‘Soy Sauce Diver: That's right, next time you go to your local Chinese Food restaurant, ask for a packel of soy sauce (the kind they use for take out orders) Don't open it~ just put itn the bottle the same way instead of the pen cap. ‘When you squeeze the bottle the air bubble inside the packet compresses and become more danse. The bubble in the packet makes it rise and fall just Eke the pen cap, This sometimes works with ketchup and mustard packs too. Have funt MAKE IT AN EXPERIMENT: ‘The project above is a DEMONSTRATION. To make it a true experiment, you can try to answer these questions: 1. Does the size of the bottle affect how hard you have to squeeze the make the diver sink? 2. Does it matter if the bottle is not filled all the way with water? 3. Does the temperature of the water affect the density of the the diver? GET SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS AND SCIENCE FAIR IDEAS AT WWW.SCIENCEBO8.COMAsk & Experiment Physlesuest Physles@Home AseaPhystest ‘Aatvy Books video Contests Einseingome Adopts Physist Discover BOs Wee CHAO central eam how vour world works ec http://www physiescentral.comfexperiment/physicsathome/cartesian.. ‘Sewing Kit Cartesian Diver Here's 2 tveinite version of» demanstaten that’s bean delhi ince ts come sos, we aed le about the Behavior ffs i ‘his te camonstate mpovant sncepte nos prsnur ana Bueyany. What You Need What to Do 1th Botte with wate a he way te the meu, ce te hme open site ona ontop atthe water note tak. tven though Femme Rate onthe Stace thanks toe ar trapped unde {ng laah i ogo the tamale ts set esl bucyony, hare teres | rough ae Wapped uncer te kee talk Tsay take em ns buk the eps sea igh. Hse, wee trying ta make sre the ony ar tne 4. Squeeze he toile ght and wate what happens ‘What the thimble should look ke placed atthe tp ofthe Bote What's Going On? fhe thimble wane more than te thmble zl. Thats becuse the Dyan force {depends an the volume ord deny he gud displaced ines water weigh Unie the mlecls nu the molec in a us ean be pushed tgetnar Frey soy. fr example. the vole of ballon gepends onthe wr presse of ‘hums st but you ek at theta em beim wn you stereo Inovbe abe fo se thot the sr Subse app under the thimble gets {Booresseg ar you suesre. When the vlume ofthat a Bubb shrinks ereugh {Satiteet dagincng the thimble weht n water gravy aereamesbuoyercy Inap./?www-physiescenteal.comexperiment/physicsathome/cartesian- tga Latest from Physics@itome Instant Phases: The ot ‘ocan tect ee YE 30 Potacieation a Home Siaeees for toe home Physics@Home by Topic coaas Compression waves 8 Sound Ect &tsonetsm Space hte Unvrse ‘hierdie eat‘Cartesian Diver - Activity - www. leachEngineering.org hups./iwww.teachengineering ory/view_activity.phpurl-collection! Hands-on Activity: Cartesian Diver Contributed by: National Science Foundation GK-12 and Research Experience for Teachers (RET) Programs, University of Houston Quick Look: Grade Level: 9 (9-12) Time Required: 45 minutes ‘This activity uses some non-experdable (reusable) ems, such as Cartesian divers; see the Materials List for detail, including a homemade alternative Expendable CostiGrp ®: USS 0 ‘This activity uses some non-expendable (reusable) tems, such as Cartesian divers; see the Materials List for detals, including a homemade alternative. Group Size: 28 Activity Dependency @: None: Related Curriculum @ Subject Areas: Physical Science Reasoning and Proof ‘Chemistry Problem Sohing Physics ‘Curricular Units: The Physics of Fluid Mecharics Lessons: Archimedes’ Principle, Pascaf's Law and Bornoull's Principle Summary Students observe Pascal's lau, ‘Archimedes’ principle and the ideal gas law as a Cartesian diver moves within a closed system. The Cartesian diver is rreutraly buoyant and begins to sink when ‘an external pressure is applied to the closed system. A basic explanation and proof ofthis process is provided in this activity, and supplementary ideas for more extensive demonstrations and independent group activities are presented. Engineering Connection ‘The concepts of Pascats law, Archinedes’ principe, te ideal gas tw ‘and the dersity-buoyancy relationship are importartin science, engineering and technology applications such as fish physiology, scuba dling ard various rene pisspher and mathenatan René Descara (N). & Caesan dover oy made submersible. Most boney ish have @ many swim bladder that enables them to control soniats 1of7 1/10/2016 2:12 PM.Cartesian Diver - Activity - www.TeachEngineering org Ingpsi//www teachengineering org/view_activty:php?url=collectiow. their buoyancy, or height in the water column, without swimming. Scuba divers use special equipment such as weighting systems, diving suts and buoyancy compensators to control thelr buoyancy. Suomersibles enable the exploration of depths ‘much greater than can be reached via satelite and shipboard technologies; these creative submersible and remotely ‘operated vehicle (ROV) inventions are necessary for researchers to explore very deep ocean communities and discover ew species. Educational Standards ® + Common Core Siate Standards for Mathematics: Math» + Intemational Technology and Engineering Educators Association: Teetnology + + Ne Generation Science Standards: Science + + Texas: Science» Pre-Req Knowledge ‘Students should have a basic understanding of Pascafs law, Archimedes’ principle, the relationship between mass, volume ‘and density, and the ideal gas law. Refer to the Archimedes’ Principle, Pascats Law and Bernoulis Principle associated lesson for information on these tops. Learning Objectives Alter this actty, students shoud be able to: + Use a Cartesian diver and interpret how it works by using terminology such as density, buoyancy and pressure, + Explain the physics of the Cartesian diver behavior based on an understanding of Pascal's law and Archimedes’ principle Materials List ‘This activity is prosented as a cass acti using one Cartesian diver setup, but it can easily be expanded with more materials so that groups of four students or individual students each have an actiity setup. ‘To perform this activity as a class, the following materials are needed: * Toller clear plastic soda bottle with cap, filed with water (soda bottle costs ~$2 or free in recycling bin) * bowl of water + Cartesian diver, available at science teaching supply stores, such as the pre-made single Cartesian diver shaped like 2 squid (#°1-2000) for $2.95 from Arbor Scientific at Htp:/Awww.arborsci.com/single-cartesian-diver ‘+ meter sticks, or other way to measure the classroom dimensions in metric units ‘+ Cartesian Divor Worksheet, one por student + (optional) if experiencing trouble with squeezing, or to conduct the "Trained Divers" activity extension, use a pressurizing pump to pressurize the *-Iter bolo, such as the individual pressure pumper (#P1-2050) for $3.25 from ‘Avbor Scientific al hitp:www. arborsci.cominividual-pressure-pumper ‘To have students/groups make their own Cartesian diver setups, each noods: + tlter clear plastic soda bottle with cap, filed with water + bowl of water ‘Cartesian diver, available at science teaching supply stores, such as the pre-made squid-shaped diver described above, or the do-it-yourself super diver kit (#P1-2000-01) with plastic pipettes and other parts and instructions (and € pressure pumper) to make 30 divers from Arbor Scientific at hitp:www.arborsci,com/super-diver-kt; alternatively, ‘obtain your own parts, such as plastic pipettes and weights (nuts, wire), or condiment packets (see below) to make as many divers as you want How to construct your own Cartesian diver(s) from pipettes, nuts and wire: 20f7 1/10/2016 2:12 PMCartesian Diver - Activit 30f7 www.TeachEngineering org hitps://www.teachengineering org/view_activity php?url=collection + Cut a plastic pipette so that the length ofthe tube protruding from the buib is about 1 inch long. + Place the metal nut around the tube, or wrap some metal wire around the tube to act as a weight. How to prepare your own condiment packet Cartesian civer(s): + Ask students to bring to class, or obtain at restaurants or cafeterias, various small plastic conciment packets, such 1s those for ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, soy sauce, plum sauce, etc. + The best Cartesian divers are neutrally buoyant so test the packets ina bowl of water to observe their buoyancy in ‘order to determine which work best as trustworthy divers, Introduction/Motivation ‘Who wants to take a guess at how much the air inthis classroom weighs? (Listen to a few student answers ard then move ‘on, To caicuiate how much the air in this classroom weighs, we need to determine a few things. Who knows what information we need in order to begin? (Listen to student answers until all correct answers have been stated. Write the correct answers on the classroom board.) That's right, we need to know the volume of the classroom—that means we reed to know its length, width and height measurements. What else? Thats right, we need to know the density of air at room temperature, ‘Who will volunteer to measure the lenath, width and height ofthe classroom? (Choose three to six volunteers to measure the classroom dimensions in metric units.) Who wants to volunteer fo calculate on the board how much the air weighs? (Choose a volunteer to work the problom on the board. Draw on the board a table tied, “Densities of Various Gases" and include any gases you wish, such as the Table 1 example.) Gas Density (kg/m?) ‘ 1.293 air20°C 1205 ‘atbon dloxide OC 1977 carbon dioxide 20 1.242 [iydrogeno°c 0.0888 nitrogen 0°C 1.2506 nitrogen 20° | 168 | [oxygen oc 1429 oxygen 20°C 3331 “able 1. Densities of various aos, ‘conytatt (An example calculation using L = 15.86 m, W= 13.4 mand H= 3,68 m as classroom dimensions results inthe following volume, mass and weight volume (V) = L* W* 16.85 m) * (13.4 m) * (8.66 m) = 777.35 m? * density (p) = (777.35 m?) * (1.205 kgim®) = 938.71 kg woight (149 = M * gravity (q) = (€36.71 kg) (9.81 mvs) 189,09 N~ 2,000 pounds!) (Verify the student's calculations because the weight of air in each classroom wil be different than the example caleuation Provided because it depends on the room size. Ask students what they think about the weight of the air in the room) Who remembers the relationship between mass and volume? (Listen to student answers and guide them into a conversation about the air in the classroom and the density relationship.) [Now that we know how much the air around us weighs, imagine how much the water around a scuba diver weighs! What do scuba divers have to help control the pressure from the surrounding water? Think about Archimedes’ principle and buoyancy. What do scuba divers have that controls their buoyancy? (Expected possible answers: Scuba divers use ‘weighting systems, diving suits and buoyancy compensators to control buoyancy) \What are some examples of engineered devices that can dive deeper than scuba divers? (Expected possible answers: ‘Submarines and remote operated veticies (ROVs or 'robots"). How are they able to dive deeper than scuba divers? (Answer: Thay are designed to withstand higher pressures.) What are submarines and ROVs used for and why are they important? (Possible answers: They are essertal to helping us investigate deep-water regions that humans are unable to 1/10/2016 2:12 PMCartesian Diver - Activity - www.TeachEngineering org haps: //www:teachengineering ory/view_activity:php?url=collection 40f7 survive; they can reach depths much greater than satelite and stipboard technologies; they enable exploration of abysmal ‘ocean communities and the discovery of new species.) ‘Who has heard of a Cartesian diver? (Listen to student answers.) The Cartesian diver is named after the French phitosopher, mathematician and scientist René Descartes who lived 1896-1650. It is interesting that the Cartesian diver is named atter Descartes, when in fact it was Galileo's student Raffaclo Maggiotti who discovered the Cartesian diver, which he intially named the "Cartesian Devi.” The French refer to the Cartesian diver as "ludion,” which means actor, jester or ‘wandering entertainer. Does aryone know what quotation Descartes is famous for saying? (See if any sludenis know. Then write the correct arswer on the board: I think, therefore | am") Thirking about the definition for "ludion,” many people suggest that the Cartesian diver is named after Descartes because it makes you thik! Who would have known? Vocabulary/Definitions buoyancy: The abilly of an object to float in a liquid. How to Run Smmuatons __Teacring Resources About DONATE TODAY contine “Tipe for Using PRET Wats Now? PHET is suppor by. Ful stataton Browse Aces out PRET ~ (One ata Time Share your Actes ur Team Theresa Neth ae \wortshops Research on PET Staareey + oestom ‘oubesheating eee Faas Traelte snuations nd our aber sponsors Translate the website lncudng edvetors ie you comers — MOORE ‘oe oe NVIOUINE English | ‘| Bosanski | HESES | TERRES | Cesky | Dansk | Nederlands | Eesti | Suomi | Frangals | Galego | garkngern | Deutsch | EXaquad | Magyar | Bahasa Indonesia | Raliano | EEE | B01 | goss | Kurd | Maxenowout | ATT | Norek bokmdl [Norsk nynorsk | | Portugués | Portugués co Brasil | Romana | Cpnckn | Espafol | Espafol intemacional | wu | Turkce | Yapamesea | Tiéng Wet curbieg © | newsieter® | theus @ | watch us® | folow ss | pin us @ ‘NO2016 University of Colorado, Some rahis reserved ofl 16/2016 4:21 PMMove only 2 toothpicks so the penny will be in the glass (cup).Move only 2 poles of the goal post so the football with be between them.Brainteasers - Interactive Learning Sites for Education Home) Math imathtini) Language Als languoge-artanin) Science fclence at ease grab rnin) Teacher Toole teacherfolhini)— Musi muslim Brainteasers WeWoune ceo a sre 1 of3 Inup://interactvesites.weebly.conv’brainteasers. tml Soca Studies (aocabetativg hen) Aryannen) Tying Pyeng ea batiatcniensaney, ‘tp meshneadonah contdesemvement eo) 1/4/2016 9:51 AMResources: Background on Leonardo da Vinci http://legacy.mos.org/sIn/Leonardo/LeoHomePage.htm| Sewing Kit Cartesian Diver (from Physics Central) http://www. physicscentral.com/eperiment/physicsathome/cartesian Hands-on Activity: Cartesian Diver https://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection Eye Dropper Cartesian Diver http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/eye-dropper 1.2 The Cartesian Diver http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/demosheets/1.2.html Densities of Some Common Gasses http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html A Great Place for Activities-( got an easy Cartesian Diver activity) http://sciencebob.com National Geographic: Atmospheric Pressure http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/atmosphericResources (continue): Tree House Weather Kids- Under An Ocean of Air Pressure http://extension. illinois.edu/treehouse/airpressure.cfm ?Slide=1 Science Interactive Learning Sites for Education http://interactivesites. weebly.com/science.html Interactive Simulations for Science and Math- Free (PhET) http://phet.colorado.edu Brain Teasers http://interactivesites.weebly.com/brainteasers.htm| Recommended Book for Brain Teasers (More than 850 Puzzles!): Entertain Your Brain (ISBN 978-1-4027-4794-6) Edited by Ella Harris & Caroline Christin Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. New YorkEnglish Language Arts Standards » Science & Technical Subjects » G. hhtp://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RST/6-8/ English Language Arts Standards » Science & Technical Subjects » Grade 6-8 PRINT THIS PAGE Standards in this strand: CCSSELALLITERACY.RST.6:8.2 CCSSEL AL ITERACYRST.6-8 2 CCSSELAAITERACY RST 6.8.3 CCS ELALITERACYRST.6-84 COSSELALITERACY RST 6-85 ITERACY, CCSSELALITERACY RST.E-B.7 CCSSELALITERACY RST 6-88 CCS ELALITERACY.RST.68.9 COSSELALLITERACY.RST6-8.10 Key Ideas and Details: TIPU vi Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. (CCSSELALITERAGY RST 6-82 TTP JWI CORESTANDARDS ORGEL/AITERACY/RST/f-0/28 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text. distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. (CCSS.FLACLITERACY.RST. 6-8 9 (HTT PUAN WW CORE STANDARDS ORG/ELA-LITERACY/RST/6-/9/) Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. Craft and Structure: (CCSS EL AL ITERACY, RST 6-84 (HTTPUAW WW CORESTANDARDS ORG/FI Al TERACYIRST/6-8/44 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6-8 texts and topics. cs -AS(ITTPUAM RUE Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to an understanding of the topic CCSSELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8,6(HTTP/AW\ DARDS ORG/EL AL [TERACY/RST/6- BA Analyze the author's purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an 1 of2 1/10/2016 1:44 PMEnglish Language Arts Standards » Science & Technical Subjects » G... Intp://www-corestandards org/ELA-Literacy/RST/6-8/ 2of2 experiment ina text. Integration of Knowledge and Idea: 2uirreww ITERACYIRSTHO Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (eg,, in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). (COSS FLA-LITERACY.RST.6-8,8 [HTT PUAWWWW.CORESTANDARDS ORG/FLA-LITERACY/RST/6-B/B/) Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research findings, and speculation in a text. (CCSSELA-LITERACY RST.6-8.9 HTTP JAVVAWN CORESTANDARDS ORG/ELA-LITERACY/RST/6-8/9/) Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity: CCSSELA-LITERACY RST 6-8 1OUUTTE: ORESTANDARDS ORG/EL A ITERACY/RST/6-£/104 By the end of grade 8, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 6-8 text complexity band independently and proficiently. 1/10/2016 1:44 PM.