Pathophysiol

ogy
Cyntia Dasuki
1061050004

 Hypovolemic shock refers to a medical

or surgical condition in which rapid
fluid loss results in multiple organ
failure due to inadequate circulating
volume and subsequent inadequate
perfusion.

 The human body responds to acute

hemorrhage by activating the following
major physiologic systems: the
hematologic, cardiovascular, renal, and
neuroendocrine systems.

The hematologic
system
Acute severe blood
loss

Activating coagulation
cascade & contracting
bleeding vessels

Platelets are activated

form an immature clot

on the bleeding source
damaged vessel
exposes collagen
causes fibrin
deposition and
stabilization of the clot

The cardiovascular
system
increasing the heart
rate
increasing
myocardial
contractility
constricting
peripheral blood
vessels

This response occurs

secondary to an increased
release of norepinephrine and
decreased baseline vagal tone

Also responds
by,
redistributing
blood to the brain, heart, and kidneys and away
from skin, muscle, and GI tract.

The renal system

stimulating an increase in
renin secretion from the
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Renin converts
angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I

converted to angiotensin II

Angiotensin II has 2 main effects,

both of which help to reverse
hemorrhagic shock,
vasoconstriction of arteriolar
smooth muscle, and stimulation
of aldosterone secretion by the
adrenal cortex.

The neuroendocrine
system
causing an increase in
circulating antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
ADH is released from the posterior
pituitary gland in response to a decrease
in the sodium concentration

ADH indirectly leads to an increased

reabsorption of water and salt (NaCl) by the
distal tubule, the collecting ducts, and the
loop of Henle.

Reference
Paul Kolecki. Hypovolemic Shock.
Medscape. 2012. Downloaded from
http://emedicine.medscape.com
/article/760145-overview#showall