Handbook - FibeAir IP-20G Advanced Training Course T8.0 Ver1 PDF

Ceragon Course Handbook
COURSE HANDBOOK
Commissioning | Installation | System Configuration
FibeAir IP-20G Training Course

Updated for T8.0
Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com or contact us at training@ceragon.com

Trainee Name:
_________________
www.ceragon.com
Copyright 2012 Ceragon Networks Ltd.
July 2015
cts.ceragon.com
Introduction to Radio Systems
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
Radio Relay Principles
Parameters affecting propagations:
Dispersion
Humidity/gas absorption
Multipath/ducting
Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
Rain attenuation
Modulation
Proprietary and Confidential
Page 5
Digital Transmission Systems
Radio Relay Principles

f1
RF Signal
f1
Path Terrain
A Radio Link requires two end stations
A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz
Page 6
High and Low frequency station

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Full duplex
Localsite
Highstation
Remotesite
Lowstation
Rx(f1)=11000 MHz
Tx(f1)=11000 MHz
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

Low station means: Tx(f1) < Rx(f1)
Standard frequency plan patterns

Only Low stations can interfere High stations
Frequency reuse:
Low 1,3V
1,3H
Tx
High
Low
1,3V
Tx
Tx
1,3H
High
Tx
1,3H
Tx
Reduced risk for overshoot
Frequency shift:
1,3H
Tx
1,3V
Tx
2,4V
Tx
2,4H
Tx
Reduced risk for overshoot
Tx
Tx
1,3H
Tx in upper part of band

Tx in lower part of band
Page 7
Tx
Preferred site location structure
Radio Principal Block Diagram
Input
signal
Z'
Digital
Line interface
E'
Modulator
A'
B'
Transmitter
RF Tx Filter
Branching
Network(*)
C'
D'
Feeder
TRANSMITTER PATH
Feeder
Branching
Network(*)
RF Rx Filter
E
Receiver
Demodulator
RECEIVER PATH
Page 8
Digital
Line interface
Output
signal
RF Principals
RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves
(EMW) propagated through space
EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)
The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -
Wave Length
c
f
where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)
Microwave refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:
300 MHz ~ 1 meter
10 GHz ~ 3 cm
RF Principals
We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude
using this animation
10
Page 9
Radio Spectrum
11
Parameters Affecting Propagation
12
Page 10

Dispersion
Humidity/gas absorption
Multipath/ducting
Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
Rain attenuation
13
Parameters Affecting Propagation Dispersion

Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded
because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)
have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:
Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more
14
Page 11

Atmospheric Refraction
Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical
characteristics of the atmospheres is called Dielectric Constant.
The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &
humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease
with altitude
Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the
wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend
downwards, following the curve of earth
With Atmosphere
No Atmosphere
15
Wave in atmosphere
16
Page 12
Parameters Affecting Propagation Multipath

Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver
with different amplitude or phase
Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies
Direct beam
Delayed beam
17
Parameters Affecting Propagation Duct
Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with

vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:
Remain within the duct
Follow the curvature of the Earth
Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not
present
Duct Layer
Duct Layer
Terrain
18
Page 13
Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and

Rain
Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters
mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)
Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.
As a raindrop increases in
size, its shape becomes more
oblate, with its largest
cross-section facing the
oncoming airflow.
Large rain drops become

Increasingly flattened on the
Bottom;
very large ones are shaped
like parachutes
19
Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading

Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice
Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz
Signal quality degrades
Represented by dB/km parameter which is related the rain
density which represented mm/hr
Rain drops falls as flattened droplet
V better than H (more immune to rain fading)
20
Page 14
Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading
Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation
21
Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone

3rd
2nd
1st
TX
RX
1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen therefore, their path is longer
3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect
beam
4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created
Duct Layer0
Terrain
22
Page 15
Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone
Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out
of phasein the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phasein 3rd zone,
they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on
Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.
When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept
free of obstructions.
In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel
zone should be kept free.
23
Example: First condition
24
Page 16
RF Link Basic Components Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)
25
RSSI Curve for RFU-C
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
-30dBm
-60dbm
26
Page 17
-90dBm
Main Parabolic Antenna Types
Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is not
normally possible due to poor front to back ratio.
High performance antennas (HP)
Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using
frequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.
High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)
Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using
frequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.
Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)
Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using
frequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.
Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)
Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using
frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.
27
Passive Repeaters
Plane
reflector
Back-to-back
antennas
28
Page 18
Link Calculation Basic Example (in vacuum)

Lfs
TSL
Lfsl
Ga
Ga
RSL ReceivedSignalLevel
Lw
Lb
TSL Transmitted Signal Level

Lfsl Freespaceloss=92.45+20logx(distanceinkmxfrequencyinGHz)
Lf
Lf Filterloss
Lb Branchingloss
Lw Waveguideloss
RSL
Ga Antennagain
RSL=TSL+GaLfsl+GaLwLbLf
29
Atmospheric attenuation
Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz
Aa a d
[dB]
Parameters in a:
Frequency
Temperature
Air pressure
Water vapour
30
Page 19
Objective examples
Typical objectives used in real systems
99.999%
Month: 25.9 sec

Year: 5 min 12 sec
99.995 %
Month: 2 min 10 sec

Year: 26 min
99.99%
Month: 260 sec

Year: 51 min
Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability
31
Modulation
32
Page 20
Modulation
Modulation
Analog
Modulation
Digital
Modulation
AM - Amplitude modulation
FM - Frequency modulation
PM Phase modulation
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying

FSK Frequency Shift Keying
PSK Phase Shift Keying
QAM Quadrature Amplitude modulation
33
Digital modulation
1
1
ASK
Modem
0 1
1
1
modulation changes the amplitude to the analog

signale.1 and 0 have different amplitude.
PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted

signal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .
Modem
1800 phase shift

1
1
FSK modulation is a method of represent the two

binary states 1 and 0 with different
spcific frequencies.
Modem
F1
F2
F1
F1 F2
F1
F1
34
Page 21
QAM Modulation
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation
(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)
The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number
of modulation states used.
In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)
alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique
modulation states
In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128
QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
4QAM 2bits/symbol
8QAM 3bits/symbol
16QAM 4bits/symbol
32QAM 5bits/symbol
64QAM 6bits/symbol
128QAM 7bits/symbol
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM
2048QAM
8bits/symbol
9bits/symbol
10bits/symbol
11bits/symbol
35
Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?

This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points
in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly
The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are
reduced
Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol

Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise
36
Page 22
Constellation diagram
In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be
selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.
Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of
interference and distortion in a signal.
37
8 QAM Modulation Example

We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110
DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)
Bitsequence
Amplitude
000
Phase(degrees)
None
001
None
010
pi/2(90)
011
pi/2(90)
100
pi(180)
101
pi(180)
110
3pi/2(270)
111
3pi/2(270)
How does constellation diagram look?
38
Page 23
4QAM VS. 16QAM
16QAM
4QAM
39
2048 QAM
40
Page 24
Bandwidth vs. Modulation
2-PSK
4-PSK
Modulation
Complixity
Increases
Bandwidth
Decreases
8-PSK
16-QAM
64-QAM
41
Signal / Noise
Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
BER<10-13
BER0
BER=10-6
BER=10-3
Signal
Noise
Signal
S/N
Noise
42
Page 25
Power
S/N
Power
Power
Noise
Power
Signal
S/N
Signal
S/N
Noise
BER Impact on Transmission Quality

10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
BER change ratio vs. Noise is

dependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
10 -6
10 -7
BER
10 -8
-75
-72
-69
Receiver inpu t level [dBm ]
-66
43
RSL Vs. Threshold

RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30
Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin
-73
Threshold level BER=10-6
BER>10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-96
-99
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)
K Boltzmann constant
T Temperature in Kelvin
B Bandwidth
Time (s)
44
Page 26
Thank you
45
Page 27
Page 28
Introduction to Ethernet
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
Local Area Network (LAN)
Network Devices
OSI Layers
Ethernet Frame
VLAN concept
Page 29
The Local Area Network (LAN)
Network Devices
The various devices used to build a data communication network can be classified into type of
equipment depending on how Ethernet packets are forwarded.
ROUTER
BRIDGE / SWITCH
HUB
Page 30
Functions of OSI layers

OSI model layers
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Type of communication: e-mail, file transfer, web browsing

Encryption, data conversion: ASCII to EBCDIC, BCD to binary et.
Starts, stops sessions. Maintains order

Ensure delivery of entire file or message
Network
Routes data to different LANs and WANs based on network addresses
Data Link
Transmits packets from node to node based on station address
Physical
Electrical signals and cabling (physical medium)
Protocols in OSI layers

OSI model layers
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS, SNMP

SSL, SFTP, IMAP, SSH, Jpeg, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, MIDI, mp3
VARIOUS APIS, SOCKETS

TCP, UDP, ECN, SCTP, DCCP
Network
IP, IP Sec, ICMP, IGMP
Data Link
Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP, FDDI
Physical
Coax, Fiber, Wireless
Page 31
Ethernet frame
OSI and TCP/IP model

TCP/IP model
OSI model
layers
OSI model
layers
Application Protocol
Application
Presentation
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
Layer2,5
Network
Interface
P
SFD
MAC
EL
VLAN
MPLS
IP
Presentation
DATA
Session Protocol
Session
Transport
Application
Presentation Protocol
MPLS
Layer2,5
MAC
DataLink
Physical
SFD
Size in bytes:
Preamble
Start frame Delimiter
= Destination + Source MAC Address
Ether Length/Type
Virtual local area network
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Internet protocol
MAC
12
SVLAN
SVLAN
TCP
UDP
FCS
C-VLAN
C-VLAN
Session
TCP/UDP
DATA
Transport
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Network
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Layer2,5
MPLS
E
L
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
DataLink
MPLS
E
L
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
Physical
20/40
20/8
Transmission control protocol

User datagram protocol
Frame check sequence
Page 32
46-1500
L2
L3
10
Page 33
L4
UDP Header
TCP Header
11
Inter-frame gap
Ethernet works in Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 2,5
12
Page 34
TCP Protocol
13
Transmission Control Protocol
A TCP packet walks into a bar and

says, Id like a beer.
The bartender replies, You want a
beer?
The TCP packet replies, Yes, Id
like a beer.
14
Page 35
Transmission Control Protocol
15
TCP- Segment format
16
Page 36
TCP- Control field
17
TCP- Connection establishment using three-way handshake
Active
open
Passive
open
seq: 8000
UAPRS F
SYN
Connection
opened
seq: 15000
ack: 8001
nd: 5000
U A P R S F rw
K
AC
+
SYN
seq: 8000
ack: 15001
UAPRS F
rwnd: 10000
ACK
Means no data !
seq: 8001 if piggybacking
18
Page 37
TCP- Numbering System

The bytes of data transferred in each connection are numbered.
Numbering starts with an arbitrarily generated number.
The value in the sequence number field of a segment defines the

number assigned to the first data byte contained in that segment.
The value of the acknowledgment field in a segment defines the

number of the next byte expected to be received.
19
TCP- Data Transfer
Send
request
seq: 8001
ack: 15001
UAPRSF
Data
bytes: 8001-9
Send
request
Receive
000
seq: 9001
ack: 15001
UAPRS F
Receive
Data
bytes: 9001-1
0000
seq: 15001
ack: 10001
Send
request
UAPRS F
Data
17000
bytes: 15001-
seq: 10000
ack: 17001
UAPRS F
rwnd:10000
Connection Termination
20
Page 38
TCP- Connection termination using three-way handshake
21
TCP- Congestion Control:

Slow start, exponential increase
1
cwnd
RTT
2
cwnd
RTT
4
cwnd
RTT
8
cwnd
22
Page 39
TCP- Congestion Control:

Congestion avoidance, additive increase
23
TCP- Congestion example
24
Page 40
TCP- Calculating maximum throughput of one TCP stream
TCP window size [Bytes] = Bandwidth [bps] * RTD [Sec] /8
* Example:
TCP ideal window size = 1*109*30*10-3/8 = 3.75MBytes
25
VLAN concept
Page 41
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept
Imagine that you have a network and three different customer

Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3
NETWORK
27
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept
VLANs are created to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers
in LAN configurations
The most common protocol used today in configuring virtual LANs is IEEE 802.1Q
28
Page 42
OSI and TCP/IP model

TCP/IP model
OSI model
layers
OSI model
layers
Application Protocol
Application
Presentation
Application
Internet
Layer2,5
Network
Interface
P
SFD
MAC
EL
VLAN
MPLS
IP
Presentation
DATA
Session Protocol
Session
Transport
Application
Presentation Protocol
Session
TCP/UDP
DATA
Transport
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Network
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Transport
Network
MPLS
Layer2,5
DataLink
SVLAN
C-VLAN
MPLS
E
L
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
DataLink
C-VLAN
MPLS
E
L
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
Physical
20/40
20/8
Physical
SFD
MAC
SVLAN
Size in bytes:
12
Preamble
Start frame Delimiter
= Destination + Source MAC Address
Ether Length/Type
Virtual local area network
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Internet protocol
Layer2,5
MAC
TCP
UDP
FCS
Transmission control protocol

User datagram protocol
Frame check sequence
29
Ethernet frame
30
Page 43
46-1500
Untagged Ethernet Frame
FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver
Preamble+SFD
DA
8 Bytes
SA
6 Bytes
Length/Type
6 Bytes
2 Bytes
DATA+PAD
FCS
46 - 1500 Bytes
4 Bytes
(32-bit
CRC)
Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes
Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)
31
Tagged Ethernet Frame

Additional information is inserted
Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes
4 Bytes
Preamble+SFD
DA
SA
VLANTAG
TPID=0x8100
Length/Type
TCI
PTAG
TPID = Tag protocol ID
TCI = Tag Control Information
CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator
DATA+PAD
3 Bit
CFI
1 Bit
32
Page 44
VLANID
12 Bit
FCS
Tagging a Frame
VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096:

212 = 4096
VID 0 = reserved
VID 4090-4096 = reserved
VID 1 = default
(dedicated for IP-10s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)
After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over
ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
33
TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

TPID in tagged frames in always set to
0x8100
It is important that you understand the
meaning and usage of this parameter
Protocoltype
Value
TaggedFrame
0x8100
ARP
0x0806
QinQ(CISCO)
0x8100
QinQ(othervendors)
0x88A8
QinQ(othervendors)
0x9100
QinQ(othervendors)
0x9200
RARP
0x8035
IP
0x0800
IPv6
0x86DD
PPPoE
0x8863/0x8864
MPLS
0x8847/0x8848
ISIS
0x8000
LACP
0x8809
802.1x
0x888E
34
Page 45
Q-in-Q
Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted
Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes
Preamble+SFD
DA
TPID=0x88A8
PTAG
3 Bit
SA
4 Bytes
4 Bytes
S VLAN
C VLAN
TCI
Length/Type
TPID=0x8100
CFI VLANID
1 Bit
DATA+PAD
TCI
PTAG
CFI
VLANID
3 Bit
1 Bit
12 Bit
12 Bit
35
Thank you
36
Page 46
FCS
IP-20G Overview
July 2015
Version 4
Agenda
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family
Network topology with IP-20G
IP-20G Introduction and Highlights
IP-20G Front Panel Description
IP-20G Block Diagram
Page 47
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

IP-20G
IP-20N 1RU & 2RU

IP-20E
IP-20S
IP-20GX
IP-20C
IP-20
Platform
IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A

Available only for US & NA market
IP-20LH
FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011

Ethernet + Optional TDM
Ethernet Only
IP-10E
IP-10G
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
IP-10C
Compact
All-Outdoor
IP-10Q
Nodal
Nodal
Aggregation
Optimized for Full GE

Multi-Carrier pipes
Ultra-high density
Optimized Solution for Any Network

Page 48
FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20G)

Ethernet + Optional TDM
Ethernet Only
IP-10E
IP-10G
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
IP-10C
Compact
All-Outdoor
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
IP-20G
IP-10Q
Aggregation
Optimized for Full GE

Multi-Carrier pipes
Ultra-high density
Optimized Solution for Any Network

Network Topology Example (Tree)
1+0
1+1
C
C
2+0
IP20N
C
1+1
IP20N
C
C
1+0
IP20N
C
1+0
2+0
IP10G
1+0
2+0
C
IP20N
IP20G
IP10G
Page 49
IP20G
IP-20G Introduction
IP-20G hardware characteristics:
6 x 1 GE interfaces total
2 x dual mode GE electrical or cascading interfaces (RJ-45)
2 x GE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)
2x GE optical interfaces (SFP)
Optional: 16 x E1 interfaces
Single or dual radio interfaces (TNC)
Single or dual power-feeds (-48v)
Sync in/out interface
Management interfaces
Terminal RS232 (RJ-45)
2x FE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)
External alarms interface
RFU-C/Ce, RFU-HP (1Rx or 2Rx), RFU-Ae/Aep support
IEEE-1588 TC
IP-20G maintains high capacity, with up to 1024QAM modulation in its first SW release (T7.7),
and up to 2048QAM from SW release T8.0
IP-20G Highlights
Optimized tail/edge solution supporting seamless integration of radio (L1)
and end-to-end Carrier Ethernet transport/services (L2) functionality
Rich packet processing feature set for support of engineered end-to-end

Carrier Ethernet services with strict SLA
Integrated support for multi-operator and converged backhaul business

models, such as wholesale services and RAN-sharing
Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency

High precision, flexible packet synchronization solution combining SyncE
and 1588v2
Best-in-class integrated TDM migration solution

Specifically built to support resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links,
scaling to GE capacity
Future-proof with maximal investment protection

Supports RFU-Ce for modulations up to 2048QAM.
Page 50
Reference Configurations
IP-20G Dual Modem Activation
A single-carrier IP-20G unit with dual-modem hardware can be converted via

software upgrade to a dual-modem unit
10
Page 51
IP-20G IDU Cascading with Dual Modems
A dual-modem IP-20G in an East-West configuration, with a cascading link to a pair

of IP-20G units
A cascading connection between these two units enables hybrid Ethernet/TDM traffic
to pass among all three units
11
IP-20G Chained Network
12
Page 52
IP-20G Ring with Spur
A ring consisting of three IP-20G nodes connected via 1+0 radio links, with a spur to
a fourth IP-20G node
All of the IP-20G units in the ring utilize dual-modem configurations, except for the
node at the bottom in the figure
13
IP-20G Aggregation/POP Site
14
Page 53
IP-20G Front Panel Description
15
FibeAir IP-20G Front panel description

Passive cooling
(Fan-less design)
1RU
16 x E1/DS1s
(optional)
MDR69 connector
External
Alarms
(DB9)
2 x FE
Management via
splitter cable
2 x Dual-Mode:
(RJ45)
GE Electrical or
Sync in/out
Cascading
(RJ45)
(RJ45)
Terminal
(RJ45)
2 x GE
Optical
(SFP)
1 or 2 RFU
interfaces
(TNC)
Power
-48V DC
(Single-feed &
Dual-feed options)
2 x GE
Electrical
(RJ45)
Purpose-built for tail/edge nodal sites

Same features/capabilities as IP-20N/A Aggregation Nodes
16
Page 54
SM- Card
The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-
Card is embedded in the SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card

Cover is necessary to ensure that the units software and configuration is
maintained.
Contains only software with configuration
17
Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G
FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical
connector on the front panel (MGMT).
If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight or
cross) can be connected to the MGMT interface.
To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.
Port Status LED The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMT
interface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface.
18
Page 55
E1/DS1 - Interface
Optionally, FibeAir IP-20G can be ordered with an MDR69 connector in which 16

E1/DS1 interfaces are available (ports 1 through 16).
In SW 7.7. is E1 option only available
In SW 7.9. also DS1 option available
The E1/DS1 interface has the following LEDs
ACT LED Indicates whether the TDM card is working properly (Green) or if there is
an error or a problem with the cards functionality (Red).
E1/DS1 LED Indicates whether the interfaces are enabled with no alarms (Green),
with alarms (Red), or no interfaces enabled (Off).
19
Radio Interfaces
In 7.7 is supported only single radio carrier.

In 7.7.5 is supported 2x 1+0 East / West Terminal
In 7.9 is supported 2+0 XPIC
In 7.7 is supported only RFU-C (up to 256QAM) and RFU-Ce (up to 1024
QAM)
In 7.9 RFU-HP, 1500HP, RFU-A supported
In 8.0 release is supported 2+0 ABC
The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (100 m/300 ft),
Belden 9914/RG-8 (300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector
(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the IDU.
RFU-C / RFU-Ce
RFU-HP / 1500HP
RFU-A
20
Page 56
Radio Interfaces - LEDs

ACT Indicates whether the interface is working properly (Green) or if there is
an error or a problem with the interfaces functionality (Red), as follows:

Off The radio is disabled.
Green The radio is active and operating normally.
Blinking Green The radio is operating normally and is in standby mode.
Red There is a hardware failure.
Blinking Red Troubleshooting mode.
LINK Indicates the status of the radio link, as follows:
Green The radio link is operational.
Red There is an LOF or Excessive BER alarm on the radio.
Blinking Green An IF loopback is activated, and the result is OK.
Blinking Red An IF loopback is activated, and the result is Failed.
RFU Indicates the status of the RFU, as follows:
Green The RFU is functioning normally.
Yellow A minor RFU alarm or a warning is present, or the RFU is in TX
mute mode, or, in a protected configuration, the RFU is in standby mode.
Red A cable is disconnected, or a major or critical RFU alarm is present.
Blinking Green An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is OK.
Blinking Red An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is
Failed.
21
Power Interfaces
FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power
interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power redundancy).
The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage and includes reverse
polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the
system remains shut down.
The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage
alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage
alarm is triggered if the power goes above the allowed range.
There is an ACT LED for each power interface.

The LED is Green when the voltage being fed to the power interface is within range,
and Red if the voltage is not within range or if a power cable is not connected.
22
Page 57
Synchronization Interface
FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 synchronization interface for T3 clock input and T4 clock output.
The interface is labeled SYNC.
The synchronization interface contains two LEDs, one on the upper left of the interface and one
on the upper right of the interface, as follows:
T3 Status LED Located on the upper left of the interface. Indicates the status of T3 input clock,
as follows:
Off There is no T3 input clock, or the input is illegal.
Green There is legal T3 input clock.
T4 Status LED Located on the upper right of the interface. Indicates the status of T4 output
clock, as follows:
Off T4 output clock is not available.
Green T4 output clock is available.
Blinking Green The clock unit is in a holdover state.
23
External Alarms
IP-20G includes a DB9 dry contact external alarms interface. The external alarms
interface supports five input alarms and a single output alarm.
The input alarms are configurable according to:

1 Intermediate
2 Critical
3 Major
4 Minor
5 Warning
The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories.
24
Page 58
Terminal Interface
FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 terminal interface (RS-232). A local craft
terminal can be connected to the terminal interface for local CLI
management of the unit.
Bits per Second 115,200

Data Bits 8
Parity None
Stop Bits 1
Flow Control - None
25
IP-20G Block Diagram
26
Page 59
Unique Feature Set

ACM42048QAM
ExtendedModulationsRange
(11 ACMpoints)
Frequencybands
642GHz
10,20,30,40,50,60MHz(FCC)
Widerangeofchannels
7, 14,28,40,56MHz(ETSI)
1+0
2x1+0EW
System Configurations
1+1HSB
2+0XPIC
2+0ABC
TrafficAwareSmartPipe
TrafficManager
Multi Service,CarrierEthernet2.0Switch
RadioConnection
RFUC, RFUCe,1500HP,RFUHP,RFUA
27
Thank You
28
Page 60
Radio Frequency Units

IP-20G
V1
December 2014
Agenda
Radio Frequency units for IP20
RFU Selection Guide
RFU-C
1500HP / RFU HP
Split Mount Configuration and Branching
New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
Split Mount Configurations
Page 61
Radio Frequency units

Standard Power
FibeAir RFU-C
High Power
FibeAir 1500HP SD
FibeAir RFU-HP
The following RFUs can be installed in a split-mount configuration:

FibeAir RFU-C (642 GHz)
FibeAir 1500HP (611 GHz)
RFU-HP (68 GHz)
The following RFUs can be installed in an all-indoor configuration:

FibeAir 1500HP/RFU-HP (611 GHz)
The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft),
Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector
(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.
FibeAir Radio Frequency Units

Standard Power (Max 24 dbm)
6-42 GHz
FibeAir RFU-C
7-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth

QPSK-2048QAM
Very Compact
Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm)
6-8 GHz
FibeAir RFU-HP - 1RX
FibeAir 1500-HP/SD

Low Loss Chaining
QPSK-2048QAM
High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-11 GHz
QPSK-2048QAM
Low Loss Chaining
Dual RX with IFC (Single Rx available for 11GHz)
Page 62
RFU Selection Guide
RFUHP
1500HP
(6 11GHz)
(68GHz)
RFUC
(6 42GHz)
RFUCe
(6 42GHz)
SplitMount
AllIndoor
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2
Character
InstallationType
Configuration
PowerSavingMode
Modulation
N+0(N>2)
SDsupport
(IFC,BBS)
BBS
(BBS)
(BBS)
AdjustablePower
Consumption
QPSKto256QAM
512 to2048QAM
1500HP 1RX for 11GHz supports channel bandwidth 10-30 MHz

RFU-HP does not support 56 MHz channels at 11 GHz
IFC at 40MHz is supported only for the 11GHz frequency band
RFU C
Page 63
RFU C
6-42GHz
Standard RFU C
Support up to 256 QAM modulation
Premium RFU-Ce
Support up to 1024 QAM modulation
RMC-B is required for radio link with IP-20N
Main Features of RFU-C:
Frequency range Operates in the frequency range 6 42 GHz
More power in a smaller package - Up to 26 dBm for extended distance, enhanced
availability, use of smaller antennas
Configurable Modulation QPSK 1024 QAM
Configurable Channel Bandwidth 7 MHz 56MHz
Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs
Supported configurations:
1+0 directandremotemount
2+2 remotemount
4+0 remotemount
Efficient and easy

Example of RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct
Page 64
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0 Configuration
Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, and
replacing on the circular
transition).
OMT Installation Example
Note: RFUs are at sub 11GHz band

10
Page 65
1500HP / RFUHP
11
Main Features of 1500HP/RFU-HP
Frequency range:
1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz
1500HP 1RX: 11GHz
RFU-HP 1RX: 6-8GHz

Frequency source Synthesizer
Installation type Split mount remote mount, all indoor (No direct mount)
Diversity Optional innovative IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP), as
well as BBS Space Diversity (all models)
High transmit power Up to 33dBm in all indoor and split mount installations
Configurable Modulation QPSK 1024 QAM
Configurable Channel Bandwidth
1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz
RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 7-56 MHz

System Configurations Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC, N+0, N+1
XPIC and CCDP Built-in XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Canceller) and Co-Channel Dual Polarization
(CCDP) feature for double transmission capacity, and more bandwidth efficiency
Power Saving Mode option - Enables the microwave system to automatically detect when link conditions allow it
to use less power (for RFU-HP)
Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) Up to 20 dB dynamic range
ATPC (Automatic Tx Power Control)
RF Channel Selection Via EMS/NMS
NEBS Level 3 NEBS compliance
12
Page 66
1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
13
1500 HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
14
Page 67
RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
15
HP Comparison Table
Feature
1500HP2RX
1500HP1RX
RFUHP
FrequencyBandsSupport
6L,6H,7,8,11GHz
6L,6H,7,8,11GHz
6L,6H,7,8GHz
Notes
ChannelSpacingSupport
Upto30MHz
Upto30MHz
11GHzversionfor
40MHz
Upto56MHz
SplitMount
AllarecompatiblewithOCBs
frombothgenerations
AllIndoor
AllarecompatiblewithICBs
SpaceDiversity
BBSandIFC
BBS
BBS
IFC IFCombining
BBS BaseBandSwitching
FrequencyDiversity
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2
N+1
N+0(N>2)
HighPower
RemoteMountAntenna
PowerSavingMode
Powerconsumptionchanges
withTXpower
1500 HP (11 GHz ) 40 MHz bandwidth does not support IF Combining. For this frequency, space diversity is only available via BBS.
16
Page 68
Split Mount Configuration and Branching
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
Outdoor Circulator Block OCB The Tx and the Rx path

circulate together to the main OCB port. When chaining
multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx
signal and so on (uses S-bend section). For more details,
refer to 1500HP/RFU-HP OCBs
Indoor Circulator Block ICB All the Tx signals are

chained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all the Rx
signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). The
ICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna
port.
18
Page 69
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

All- Indoor Vertical Branching
Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact
19
New OCB
20
Page 70
New OCB Outdoor Circulator Block

The OCB has the following main purposes:
1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.
2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )
3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.
4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.
21
New OCB Components
RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB,
and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU
contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without
removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every configuration.
DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB is
connected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.
Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)
Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) When chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) 1+1
Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is 0.7
dB
U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables
fast and easy installation.
22
Page 71
1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration
23
N+0/N+1 Configuration
24
Page 72
2+0 XPIC
25
Split mount applications
26
Page 73
Split mount applications 4+0
S-Bend
27
Split mount applications 4+0 SD
DCB
28
Page 74
DCB
S-Bend
U-Bend
Thank You
Page 75
IP-20G Installation Guide
July 2015
Version 2
Agenda
Electromagnetic Fields, ESD and Laser Protection
General Requirements for Packing and Transportation and
Environment
IP-20G Rack Installation
Rack Installation
Grounding the IP-20G
Replacing SM-Card
Power Cable
Mechanical Specifications
Earth Bonding of Equipment
IP-20G to RFU-C connection
Antenna Installation
RFU-C Installation
Page 77
High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields!

Exposure to strong high frequency electromagnetic fields may cause
thermal damage to personnel. The eye (cornea and lens) is easily exposed.
Any unnecessary exposure is undesirable and should be avoided.

In radio-relay communication installations, ordinary setup for normal
operation, the general RF radiation level will be well below the safety limit.
In the antennas and directly in front of them the RF intensity normally will
exceed the danger level, within limited portions of space.
Dangerous radiation may be found in the neighborhood of open waveguide

flanges or horns where the power is radiated into space.
To avoid dangerous radiation the following precautions must be taken:

During work within and close to the front of the antenna; make sure that
transmitters will remain turned off.
Before opening coaxial - or waveguide connectors carrying RF power,
turn off transmitters.
Consider any incidentally open RF connector as carrying power, until
otherwise proved. Do not look into coaxial connectors at closer than
reading distance (1 foot). Do not look into an open waveguide unless
you are absolutely sure that the power is turned off.
ESD & LASER

ESD
This equipment contains components which are sensitive to "ESD" (Electro
Static Discharge). Therefore, ESD protection measures must be observed

when touching the IDU.
Anyone responsible for the installation or maintenance of the FibeAir IDU
must use an ESD Wrist Strap.
Additional precautions include personnel grounding, grounding of work
bench, grounding of tools and instruments as well as transport and storage
in special antistatic bags and boxes.
LASER
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than
those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
The optical interface must only be serviced by qualified personnel, who are
aware of the hazards involved to repair laser products.
Page 78
General Requirements
Transportation & Inspection
The equipment cases are prepared for

shipment by air, truck, railway and sea,
suitable for handling by forklift trucks and
slings. The cargo must be kept dry during
transport and storage.
It is recommended that the equipment be

transported to the installation site in its
original packing case.
If intermediate storage is required, the

packed equipment must be stored in a dry
and cool environment, and out of direct
sunlight, in accordance with ETS 300 0191-1, Class 1.2.
Check the packing lists and verify that the

correct equipment part numbers and
quantities are in the delivered packages.
Page 79
Packing & Transportation

The equipment is packed at the factory, and sealed moisture-absorbing bags
are inserted.
The equipment is prepared for public transportation. The cargo must be kept dry
during transportation.
Keep items in their original boxes till they reach their final destination.
If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in dry
and cool conditions and out of direct sunlight
When unpacking
Check the packing lists, and ensure that the
correct part numbers and quantities of
components arrived.
General Requirements
1. Environmental specification for IDU: -5C (23F) to +55C (131F)
2. Environmental specification for RFU: -33C (-27F) to +55C (131F) high reliability
3. -45C (-49F) to +60C (140F) with limited margins
4. Cold startup requires at least -5C (23F)
5. Humidity: 5%RH to 95%RH for IP-20G
6. Humidity: 5%RH to 100%RH for RFU-C
7. IDU standard Input is -48VDC (-40 to -60VDC)
8. This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed conductor of
the DC supply circuit and the Earthing conductor at the equipment.
9. The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system
10. The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the equipment
11. A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC supply
source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.
88
Page 80
IP-20G Rack Installation
Installing the IP-20G IDU
Kits required to perform the installation:

IP-20G chassis
19 rack/ sub rack
SM-Card Cover
1x
1x
1x
Tools:
Philips screwdriver
Flat screwdriver
10
Page 81
Rack Installation
Insert and hold the IP-20G IDU in the rack, as shown in the following
figures. Use four screws (not supplied with the installation kit) to fasten the
IDU to the rack.
11
Grounding the IP-20G

Connect a grounding wire first to the single-point stud shown in the figure
below, and then to the rack, using a single screw and two washers.
The grounding wire must be 16 AWG or thicker
12
Page 82
Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card
If you should need to replace the IP-20G IDU, you must first remove the SM-Card Cover so that
you can insert it into the new IDU.
The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-Card is embedded in the
SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card Cover is necessary to ensure that the units
software and configuration is maintained.
In some cases, you may need to replace the SM-Card itself in order to upgrade the units
configuration.
To remove the SM-Card Cover:
1. Loosen the screws of the SM-Card Cover and remove it from the IDU.
13
Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card

2. In the new IDU or, if you are upgrading the SM-Card, the old IDU, make sure that there is no
foreign matter blocking the sockets in the opening where the SM-Card is installed.
3. Gently place the SM-Card Cover in its place and tighten the screws, using a Phillips screwdriver.
14
Page 83
Power Requirements
When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:
DC power can be from -40 VDC to -60 VDC.
Installation Codes: The equipment must be installed according to country national

electrical codes. For North America, equipment must be installed in accordance to the
US National Electrical Code, Articles 110-16, 110-17 and 110-18, and the Canadian
Electrical Code, Section 12.
Overcurrent Protection: A readily accessible listed branch circuit overcurrent

protective device, rated 15 A, must be incorporated in the building wiring.
Grounded Supply System: The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded

supply system. All equipment in the immediate vicinity shall be grounded the same
way, and shall not be grounded elsewhere.
Local Supply System: The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same
premises as the equipment.
Disconnect Device: A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit

between the DC supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.
15
15
Power Interface
FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or
two power interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power
redundancy). The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage
and includes reverse polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and
negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the system remains shutdown.
The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under
voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range,
and an over voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes above the
allowed range.
Make sure to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit from damage
by short or overload. In a building installation, the circuit breaker shall
be readily accessible and incorporated external to the equipment. The
maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 10 Amp, while
the maximum current rating is 5 Amp.
16
Page 84
Power Cable
17
Power cables
18
Page 85
Mechanical Specifications
19
Earth Bonding of Equipment
Copyright 2009 2013 Nera Networks AS All rights reserved.
I-79113-EN rev. A
Page 86
Typical Earthing Network

Note 1: Structure or cable riser directly connected to Station
Earth Network.
Note 2: Main Earth Bar in equipment room, connected to
Station Earth Network.
Note 3: Earth Bus Bar/Cable connected to main earth bar.
Note 4: Coax Signal Cable.
Note 5: Over voltage protection integrated in units.
Note 1
21
Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.1)

Ceragon Networks provides one
Earthing kit per feeder as standard
Earthing Kit staggered to ensure smooth,
uniform jumper transition to point of bonding.
There are three logical positions where

a Waveguide/Feeder Earthing Kit should be installed:
1.
Highest priority is at the bottom of the vertical

feeder run, on the straight section just above the
bend where it transitions from vertical to
horizontal.
Custom Earthing Kit supplied from the

Feeder Manufacturer use only kit that are
compatible.
2.
Jumper Leads from the kit should be bonded to

the Tower Structure:
- directly (bolted connection)
- via a earth termination plate (if provided)
- stainless steel angle adaptor (ANDREW)
Earth Kit on the feeder should be positioned
so that each jumper lead has a uniform smooth
transition down to the point of bonding this may
mean staggering their position as shown here.
Never intermix components from different

Manufacturers.
3.
4.
It is preferred that each jumper is bonded

separately.
Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and buried earth radial bonded to base
of the Tower Leg.
Recommended 70mm PVC Coated Conductor
SEE NEXT TWO SLIDES
22
Page 87

Second line of defence
The second position in order of priority is just before the
waveguide/feeder enters the shelter through the wall plate.
1.
Earth Termination Plate
Again it is important that the jumper lead forms a smooth

transition downwards to earth. In this case the bonding
point is on the earth termination plate mounted below the
cable bridge.
2.
It is preferred that each jumper is bonded separately. Earth

Termination Plate usually have multiple bonding holes predrilled.
3.
To shape each conductor correctly begin at the earth

termination plate and form the cable to the best transition
back to the feeder. From there you will establish the
location to fit the earth kit. Treat each earthing kit
separately.
Common Errors
Fitting or, finding the Earth Termination Plate too high on the
shelter wall often prevent achieving the required earth
jumper transition.
Earth Kit
Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and Earth Termination Plate outside
shelter.
Recommended 70mm PVC Coated
Conductor or 3mm x 25mm Copper
Tape.
Conductor / Tape should be run out
to the
Buried earth loop at a depth of
600mm.
23

The third position in order of priority is at the antenna position.
Here, the Earthing Kit is fitted on the vertical straight
section of feeder just after the transition from horizontal to
vertical.
1.
Once again it is important that the jumper lead forms a

smooth transition downwards to earth. It is usual to use the
tower structure itself as the main down conductor.
2.
To shape each conductor correctly begin at the bonding

point and form the cable to the best transition back to the
feeder. From there you will establish the best position to fit
the earth kit to the feeder. Treat each earthing kit
separately.
3.
If using a Stainless Steel Angle Adaptor this will provide

flexibility to establishing a bonding point on the tower the
Angle Adaptor does not require you to find or drill a hole in
any structural members.
The tower structure or

climbing ladder are
both commonly used
for bonding the earth
jumper.
Angle Adaptors are the
most convenient
bonding method as this
avoids finding or
drilling holes at height
in the tower.
Additional Earthing Kit:

If a customer specifies additional earthing kit to be fitted, these
would normally be positioned between the two kit installed at the
top and bottom of the feeder.
24
Page 88
ODU Earthing
EACH ODU IS SEPARATELY
EARTHED DO NOT JUMPER
BETWEEN ODU
1. SMOOTH JUMPER TRANSITION

2. SHORTEN THE JUMPER IF TOO LONG
3. SUPPORT EARTH JUMPER
WHERE NEEDED
4. BOND TO TOWER STRUCTURE.

CLAMP TYPE DEPENDENT ON
TOWER MEMBER PROFILE
RSSI
N-Type to IDU connection
EARTH TERMINAL
25
Applying the same principles to all cables
With All Cable Installations

Avoid leaving coils along
feeder cables
Avoid kinking the cable
Avoid cable loopbacks
26
Page 89
Weatherproofing
Each Earthing Kit should be protected with a waterproof weather seal
If the weather seals are not provided as part of the main Earthing Kit, they must be
ordered
Each kit is provided with an installation instruction (or, Bulletin)

Always follow the advice given in the instruction to achieve the best possible
installation
27
ODU to IDU connection
Page 90
IP-20G to RFU-C connection

The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.
TNC
N-type female
N-type male
TNC male
TNC females
29
N-type connector installation

http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=cAV_xhP3FNA
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Mo9LwdHe39M
30
Page 91
TNC connector
installation
instructions
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=XfA0JVR
JSxU
31
Protecting the IF Connector for Split Mount

Make sure the vulcanized tape and PVC tape
overwrap extends right up to the ODU casing
and is hand moulded around the connector to
form a water tight joint
Fit a small cable tie at the top and

bottom of the weather kit to
prevent the PVC tape over wrap
from loosening
Also is possible to use cold

shrink medium instead of
tapes
Self sealing vulcanized tape

weather kit should be
applied to the connector at
the ODU to make it fully
water tight.
The vulcanized tape must

be overwrapped with PVC
tape tied off at the top and
bottom with cable ties.
Failure to follow every detail of

the installation instructions will
result with water damage to the
connector and cable
32
Page 92
Cable Clamping
IF Cable
Tower Cross Member
Avoid this method which is

less secure and will cause
unsightly bending of the
cable
When securing cables with cable

ties the method shown here can
normally be achieved using a single
tie.
This method will keep the cable
straight and provide the best
support
33
Cable Installation and Grounding

For optical cables no grounding is required
For Ethernet cables, the cable should be grounded to the antenna tower
every 50m using the kit CAT5E_gnd_kit.
Procedure see installation Guide
34
Page 93
Antenna Installation
RSSI Curve
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
-30dBm
36
Page 94
-60dbm
-90dBm
Antenna Panning - Azimuth

Important to establish which are the side lobes
and what is the main beam
Position can be marked onto the column or
interface using a felt tipped pen
ReceivingAntenna
SIDE LOBE
AZIMUTH
Always Pan antenna

beyond each side lobe
MAIN BEAM
SIDE LOBE
For Azimuth panning it is important to establish the

strongest possible signal but remember, further improvement
should be expected once elevation adjustment is carried out
37
Antenna Panning - Elevation

Determine from available data if the antenna direction
of shoot is above or below horizontal to ensure the
elevation is adjusted in the correct direction
With the main beam having already been established
it is not necessary to find the side lobes again
ReceivingAntenna
Once the best signal strength has been found using

elevation minor azimuth panning can often
improve the signal strength further
SIDE LOBE
ELEVATION
HORIZONTAL
MAIN BEAM
Note:
SIDE LOBE
It should not always be expected to establish the strongest receive signal at

first attempt to align an antenna
Antenna may need to be panned several times before the optimum signal
strength is established
38
Page 95
Dual Polarized Antenna connection

To fit the Duel Polarized Waveguide
Interface
Note: There may be some variation in of the
Duel Polarized Waveguide Interface always refer to the installation Bulletin before
attempting to install this unit
Remove the two Waveguide Interface

securing screws.
Replace the Waveguide Interface with the
Dual Polarized Waveguide Interface.
Secure the Dual Polarized Waveguide
Interface to the antenna by means of two
screws M8.
Remount the two Waveguide Interface
securing screws.
39
Dual Polarized Antenna connection

DUEL POLARIZED FEEDHORN
WAVEGUIDE
Waveguide ports on feedhorn

clearly marked to show polarization
40
Page 96
RFU-C Installation
RFU-C waveguide flanges
42
Page 97
RFU-C direct mount configurations
1+0 direct
43
RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount Polarization
44
Page 98
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+0 remote
45
RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct
46
Page 99
RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization

Vertical Polarization
Horizontal Polarization
47
RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+1 remote
48
Page 100
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation
Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, and
replacing on the circular
transition).
49
OMT Installation Example
50
Page 101
RFU-C Mediation devices losses
51
Thank you
52
Page 102
First login
Ceragon Training Services

July 2015, v4
Agenda
CLI and Web login

General commands
Get IP address
Set IP address
Set to default
Web Management
Page 103
Connecting to the Unit

CLIviaSerial
Web/Telnet
Baudrate=
115200
Bits per Second 115,200
Data Bits 8
Parity None
Stop Bits 1
Flow Control - None
IPaddress=192.168.1.1
DefaultUsername/passwordisadmin/admin
General commands
Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory
Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands
Question mark to list helpful commands
Page 104
Get IP address
CLI Command:
platform management ip show ip-address
Changing Management IP Address

CLI Command:
platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP Address> subnet <Mask>
gateway <default gateway>
Example
Web
expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set
accordingly and click Apply button
Page 105
Set to default
CLI Command:
platform management set-to-default
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
Other CLI commands

For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
Open Index html file
Find out in Topics submenu required configuration
Page 106
Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G
FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical
connector on the front panel (MGMT).
If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight or
cross) can be connected to the MGMT interface.
To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.
Port Status LED The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMT
interface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface.
Enable Second MNG port via Splitter
CH1
CH2
CH2 used for the same MNG IP address

10
Page 107
Enable Second MNG port via Splitter
11
Web Management
12
Page 108
First Web login

Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24
DefaultUsername/passwordisadmin/admin
13
Main View
Finding topic
Picture of
managed
element
Menu
14
Page 109
Platform / Management / Unit Parameters
15
Platform / Management / NTP Configuration
16
Page 110
Platform / Management / Time Services
17
Platform / Management / Interface Manager
Default status is
Managing of all ports
! DOWN !
18
Page 111
Platform / Management / Inventory
Serial Number
important for
activation key
generating
19
Platform / Management / Unit Info
Create Unit Information file, see

configuration in Backup chapter
20
Page 112
Platform / Management / Reset
Provide software reboot

21
Platform / Management / Set to Factory Default
Clear configuration database

22
Page 113
IP address settings
23
SNMP Parameters
Setting for NMS system
24
Page 114
Trap Managers
Up to 4 Trap Managers
25
V3 User
Setting for SNMP v3
26
Page 115
Thank You
Page 116
Radio Link Parameters

July 2015, version 4
Agenda
MRMC
TX & RX Frequencies
Link ID
RSL
MSE
Current ACM Profile
Page 117
High and Low frequency station

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Full duplex
Local site
High station
Remote site
Low station
Tx(f1)=11000 MHz
Rx(f1)=11000 MHz
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

Low station means: Tx(f1) < Rx(f1)
Radio Link Parameters

TSL
IDU
ODU
))
RSL
ODU
IDU
To Establish a radio link, we need configure following parameters:

1. MRMC Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)
2. TX / RX frequencies set on every radio
3. Link ID must be the same on both ends
4. Max. TSL Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]
5. Unmute Transceiver Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:
1. RSL Received Signal Level [dBm] nominal input level is required
2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]
3. Current ACM profile
Page 118
MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles

RFUC
RFUCPremium
QPSK
Modulation
Profile 0
Profile 0
8QAM
Profile 1
Profile 1
16QAM
Profile 2
Profile 2
32QAM
Profile 3
Profile 3
64QAM
Profile 4
Profile 4
128QAM
Profile 5
Profile 5
256QAM(strongFEC)
Profile 6
N/A
256QAM(weakFEC)
Profile 7
Profile 6
512QAM
N/A
Profile 7
1024QAM (StrongFEC)
N/A
Profile 8
1024QAM (LightFEC)
N/A
Profile9
MRMC Scripts 1st steep
ChangingscriptautomaticallyresetsmodeminsideIP20G
Page 119
Radio Parameters settings
2nd step
4th step
5th step
3th step
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same
frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
# 101
# 101
# 102
# 101
Link ID Mismatch
Page 120
Link ID
Mismatch
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, Link ID Mismatch alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 101
# 102
# 101
Link ID Mismatch
Questions?
10
Page 121
Link ID
Mismatch
Radio Link Setup Exercise
11
Thank You
Page 122
ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation

MSE Mean Square Error

July 2015, version 4
Agenda
Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Using MSE with ACM
What is MSE?
Link Commissioning with MSE
Triggering ACM with MSE
Page 123
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.
When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust
modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.
When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original
setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).
During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.
In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation
4QAM
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM
SFEC
1024QAM
LFEC
2048QACM
Low Priority
Traffic
High Priority
Traffic
state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.
Hitless and Errorless switching
Page 124
Using MSE with ACM
MSE - Definition
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated
(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being
estimated
MSE measures the average of the squared errors:
MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs
from the quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of randomness or because the
receiver does not account for information that could produce a
more accurate estimated RSL
Page 125
To simplify.
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other
Both devices must perfectly match
Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how
many can fit in.
The Errors Histogram

(Gaussian probability distribution function)
Quantity
Expected value
width
6mm
7mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many
parts differ from the expected value
9 parts were perfectly OK
Page 126
The difference from Expected value

Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
6mm
7mm
10mm 12mm
16mm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value
Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
+ 6 mm = 36
- 4 mm = 16
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm
16mm
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
10
Page 127
Calculating MSE
Error = 0 mm
Quantity
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16
+ 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
11
Calculating MSE
MSE determines how narrow / wide the Bell is
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small the Bell shaped histogram is closer to perfect
condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
12
Page 128
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Let us use QPSK (4QAM)
as an example:
Q
01
00
QPSK = 2 bits per symbol

2 possible states for I signal
2 possible states for Q signal
11
= 4 possible states for the

combined signal
The graph shows the expected
values (constellation) of the
received signal (RSL)
10
13

The black dots represent the
expected values (constellation)
of the received signal (RSL)
Q
01
00
The blue dots represent the
actual RSL
11
10
As indicated in the previous

example, we can say that the
bigger the errors are the
harder it becomes for the
receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
14
Page 129
Q
01
00
MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.
e1
e2
I
e4
When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close to
the expected signal
e3
11
10
15
Q
01
00
When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &
phase) is too far from the
expected signal
e1
e2
I
e4
11
e3
10
16
Page 130
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE
is small
Actual values may be read
-39dB to -41dB
Bigger values will result in loss
of signal
17
MSE and ACM

When the errors is too big, we need
a stronger error correction
mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number
of bits per symbol allocated for data
and re-assign the extra bits for
correction instead
For example
256QAM has great capacity but
poor immune to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much
better immune for noise
ACM Adaptive Code Modulation
18
Page 131
Triggering ACM with MSE

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required
modulation per radio to maintain service
MSE Down-Threshold
MSE Up-Threshold
8PSK
-16
-19
16QAM
-17
-23
32QAM
-21
-26
64QAM
-24
-29
128QAM
-27
-32
256QAM
-30
-34
512QAM
-32
-37
1024 QAM SFEC
-35
-38
1024 QAM WFEC
-36
-41
10
2048QAM
-39
Profile
Mod
QPSK
-18
Applicable for both 28/56MHz
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
19
ACM & MSE: An example

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with
respect to measured MSE.
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:
ACM
Profile
Downgrade
Downgrade
-41
-38
-37
-34
Profile 10
Profile 9
2048 QAM
-39
1024 QAM
Profile 8
1024 QAM
-36
Profile 7
512 QAM
-35
Profile 6
256 QAM
-32
Profile 5
128 QAM
-30
Profile 4
64 QAM
-27
20
Page 132
-24
Profile 3
32 QAM
MSE
-21
ACM & MSE: An Example

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will
switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) ACM
waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to
switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
41
Profile10
38
Profile9
Profile8
393635
21
Thank You
Page 133
MSE
Page 134
Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC
November 2014, ver 3
Agenda
Why ATPC?
How does ATPC works?
ATPC Vs. MTPC
ATPC Configuration
Page 135
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies
significantly with time and environment.
This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,
and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter
Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level
6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration
TSL Adjustments
ATPC
module
Monitored RSL
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Radio
Receiver
Radio
Receiver
Feedback
Signal
Quality
Check
Site A
Page 136
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
Site B
ATPC Example when ATPC is OFF
Site A
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
MTPC
MTPC
TSL A = 30dBm
RSL A = ?
TSL B = 30dBm
RSL B = ?
RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)
RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)
ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)
Site A
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm
MTPC
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
TSL B = 30dBm
RSL B =?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?
Page 137
ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)
Site A
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
ATPC
ATPC
IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
TSL B = ?
RSL B = ?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL)
TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)
RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL)
ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites), ATPC range

Max TSL is 30dBm
ATPC range is 20dB
Site A
Max TSL is 30dBm

ATPC range is 20dB
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
ATPC
ATPC
IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
TSL B = ?
RSL B = ?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)
TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)
RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!!
It means that TSL A cant be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm)
Page 138
ATPC Configuration
Thank You
10
Page 139
Page 140
IP-20G Activation Key
July 2015
Version 5
Agenda
Activation Key in General
Demo License
CeraOS License concept
IP-20 Activation Key Scheme
Licensed Features
Page 141
Activation Key
IP-20N offers a pay as-you-grow licensing concept in which

future capacity growth and additional functionality can be
enabled with Activation key.
For purposes of Activation Key, each IP-20N chassis is
considered a distinct device, regardless of which cards are
included in the chassis. Each device contains a single
Activation key.
Licenses are divided into two categories:
Per Carrier The license is per carrier
Per Device The license is per device, regardless of the
number of carriers supported by the device.
Ceragon provides a web-based License Management

System (LMS). The LMS enables authorized users to
generate Activation keys, which are generated per IDU serial
number.
A 1+1 HSB configuration requires the same set of licenses for

both the active and the protected interfaces.
License Management System
Page 142
Activation key generating
Serial Number
important for
activation key
generating
DEMO License
A demo license is available that enables all features for 60 days.
The demo license expires 60 days from the time it was activated,
and the most recent valid license goes into effect.
The 60-day period is only counted when the system is powered up.
10 days before the demo license expires, an alarm is raised
indicating to the user that the demo license is about to expire.
Page 143
License violation
License violation yellow color screen has been implemented from sw. T7.9
IP-20 Pricing Concept (Value Structure)

Hardware, Software & Licensed Features
CeraOS (Software)
LicensedPremiumFunctionality
LicensedScalability
Radiocapacity
2nd modem/core
activation(IP20G/C)
AdditionalGEuser
interfaces
AdditionalCETNode
services/EVCs(L2)
Advancedradioconfigurations
AdvancedQoS
EthernetOAM
TDMPWservices
Synchronization
NetworkResiliency
AdvancedSecurity
LicensedMode CETNode
SmartPipeservices(L1)
10Mradiocapacity
1xGEuserinterface
NativeTDMservices
CETservices/EVCs(L2)
2xGEuserinterfaces
Baseline
functionality
Hardware
ProductModels (e.g.IP20N,IP20G,IP20C,IP20LH)
Assemblyoptions (e.g.single/dualmodeminIP20G)
Addonmodules (e.g.RMCinIP20N)
Page 144
IP-20 Activation Key Scheme

Per Carrier
Per Node Premium Functionality
Scalability
Radio capacity
Enhanced Packet Buffer

Frame Cut Through
H-QoS
Advanced radio configurations
ACM
XPIC
Multi-Carrier ABC
MIMO
Header De-duplication
Sync-Unit
IEEE-1588 TC
IEEE-1588 OC
IEEE-1588 BC
Redundancy/Resiliency group
Network Resiliency
Main Card Redundancy - HA
CET-Node mode/scalability
Edge (8 services/EVCs)
Agg-Lvl-1 (64 services/EVCs)
Agg-Lvl-2 (1024 services/EVCs)
Sync group
Per Node scalability
QoS group
Ethernet OAM group

Eth-OAM FM
ETH-OAM PM
General node scalability

2nd modem activation (IP-20G only)
2nd core activation (IP-20C only)
GE user interfaces
TDM group
Security
TDM PW
Secure management
Licensed Features
LicenseName
RadioCapacityLicense
IP20SLACM
IP20SLMCABC
IP20SLHeaderDeDuplication
IP20SLXPIC
Description
Enablesyoutoincreaseyoursystemsradiocapacityin
gradualstepsbyupgradingyourcapacitylicense.
Withoutacapacitylicense,eachcarrierhasacapacity
of10Mbps.Licensedcapacityisavailablefrom50
Mbpsto500Mbps.EachRMCcardcanbelicensedfor
adifferentcapacity.
EnablestheuseofAdaptiveCodingandModulation
(ACM)scripts.Aseparatelicenseisrequiredpercore.
EnablesMultiCarrier ABC.
EnablestheuseofHeaderDeDuplication,whichcan
beconfiguredtooperateatL2throughL4.
EnablestheuseofCrossPolarizationInterface
Canceller(XPIC).Aseparatelicenseisrequiredforeach
coreintheXPICpair.
10
Page 145
Licensed Features
LicenseName
IP20SLGEPort
IP20SLMainCardRedundancy
Description
Enablesthe useofaTCC/LICEthernettrafficportinGE
mode(10/100/1000baseTor1000baseX).Anactivation
keyisrequiredforeachEthernettrafficportthatisused
onthedevice.Anactivationkeycanbeinstalled
multipletimeswithdynamicallocationinsidetheunit
toenablemultipleGEports.
Note:AllEthernettrafficportsareenabledinFEmode
(10/100baseT)bydefaultwithoutrequiringany
activationkey.
EnablestheuseofasecondTCCina2RUchassisfor
HighAvailability.
11
Licensed Features
LicenseName
EdgeCETNode
Description
EnablesCarrierEthernet Transport(CET)andanumber
ofEthernetservices(EVCs),dependingonthetypeof
CETNodelicense:
EdgeCETNode Upto8EVCs.
AggregationLevel1CET Node Upto64EVCs.
AggregationLevel2CETNode Upto1024EVCs.
ACETNodelicensealsoenablesthefollowing:
Networkresiliency(MSTP/RSTP)forallservices.
Full QoSfor all services including basic queue buffer
management (fixed queues buffer size limit,tail
drop only)andeight queues perport,noHQoS.
LAGSupport
P20SLNetworkResiliency
Enablesthe followingprotocolsforimprovingnetwork
resiliency:
G.8032
TDM(PW)services1:1/1+1pathprotection
12
Page 146
Licensed Features
LicenseName
IP20SLHQoSHQoS
IP20SLEnhPacketBuffer
IP20SLSyncUnit
P20SLFrameCutThrough
IP20SLTDMPW
Description
EnablesHQoS.Thislicenseisrequiredtoaddservice
bundleswithdedicatedqueuestointerfaces.Without
thislicense,onlythedefaulteightqueuesperportare
supported.(Planned forfuturerelease)
Enables configurable (nondefault)queue buffer size
limitfor Green andYellow frames.Also enables WRED.
The defaultqueue buffer size limitis 1Mbitsfor Green
frames and0.5Mbits for Yellow frames.
EnablestheG.8262synchronizationunit.Thislicenseis
requiredinordertoprovideendtoendsynchronization
distributiononthephysicallayer.Thislicenseisalso
requiredtouseSynchronousEthernet(SyncE).
Enables Frame CutThrough.
EnablesTDMpseudowire servicesonunitswithTDM
interfaces.Withoutthisactivationkey,onlynativeTDM
servicesaresupported.
13
Licensed Features
LicenseName
P20SLSecureManagement
IP20SLEthOAMFM
IP20SLEthOAMPM
Description
Enablessecuremanagementprotocols(SSH,HTTPS,
SFTP,SNMPv3,andRADIUS).
EnablesConnectivityFaultManagement(FM)per
Y.1731/802.1agand802.3ah(CETmodeonly).
EnablesperformancemonitoringpursuanttoY.1731
(CETmodeonly).
14
Page 147
Activation Key Configuration
Sanction state
If an Activation Key Violation alarm has occurred, and the 48-hour activation key violation grace period
has expired without the system having been brought into conformance with the activation-key-enabled
capacity and feature set, Yes appears in this field to indicate that the system is in an Activation Key
Violation sanction state.
All other alarms are hidden until the capacity and features in use are brought within the activation-keyenabled capacity and feature set
15
Activation Key Overview
16
Page 148
Thank You
Page 149
Service Model in IP-20
November 2014
Version 5
Agenda
IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities
Service Model in General
What is a Service ?
What is a Service point?
Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes

1.
2.
3.
Point to Point Service

Multipoint Service
Management Service
Service Point in IP-20 Family

1.
2.
3.
4.
Pipe Service Point

Service Access Point (SAP)
Service Network Point (SNP)
Management Service Point (MNG)
Service Points classification and attributes

Examples for Services and Service points
Logical VS. Physical Port
Page 151
IP-20s Ethernet Capabilities

Up to 1024 services (1025 reserved for Management)
Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service)
All service types:
Multipoint (E-LAN)
Point-to-Point (E-Line)
Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree)
Smart Pipe
Management
128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning per
service
Split horizon between service points
Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), and
MPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress
High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncE
and 1588v2
Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchical
scheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level
IP-20s Ethernet Capabilities

Hierarchical two-rate three-Color policers
Port based Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Ethertype

Service-based
CoS-based
Up to four link aggregation groups (LAG)
Hashing based on L2, L3, MPLS, and L4
Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8032) for ring/mesh support
IP-20 is fully MEF-9 and MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet services.
Page 152
Service model in General
What is a Service?
A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces
Bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments
within one logical network
Interfaces are usually referred to physical ports but can also be logical
ports
Page 153
Service Model
Service#1
Service#2
Service points
Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the
service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service.
Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or
egress interfaces.
Rails are second service point

towards the bridge
The Route is your first service point

towards the bridge
Page 154
What is a service point?
SP
Service#1
SP
3
SP
SP
4
SP
Service#2
SP
Services in IP-20 Family
10
Page 155
IP-20 Services
IP20 supports the following services types:
1. Point-to-Point Service (P2P)
2. Multipoint Service (MP)
3. Management Service (MNG)
4. Point-to-Multipoint Service (E-Tree)
E-Tree services are planned for future release.
11
Point to Point Service (P2P)

Point-to-point services are used to provide connectivity between two
interfaces of the network element.
When traffic ingresses via one side of the service, it is immediately directed
to the other side according to ingress and egress tunneling rules.
This type of service contains exactly two service points and does not require
MAC address-based learning or forwarding
PIPE
PIPE
SAP
SAP
12
Page 156
Multipoint Service (MP)
Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points.
When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the
service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and
based on the learning and forwarding mechanism.
If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the
arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service
point.
1
SAP
SNP
SAP
SNP
13
Management Service (MNG)
Management port
The management service is a multipoint service that connects the two local
management ports, the network element host CPU, and the traffic ports into a single
service. The service behavior is same as the Multipoint service behavior.
The management service is pre-defined with Service ID 1025.
CPU
1
4
Traffic ports
SAP
SNP
Service ID 1025
2
14
Page 157
Service Attributes
Service ID - 1 - 1024
Service Type P2P, MP, MNG
Service Admin Mode Operational, Reserved
EVC-ID - Ethernet Virtual Connection ID (End-to-end).
EVC Description
Maximum Dynamic MAC Address Learning per Service
Static MAC Address Configuration
CoS Mode & Default CoS
xSTP Instance The spanning tree instance ID (1-63)
Split Horizon Group - (Enable/Disable)
15
IP-20 Service Points
16
Page 158
Service points
SAP
SNP
Pipe Service Point
Management Service Point
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
18
Page 159
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
19
Management (MNG) Service Point

Only used for management services
20
Page 160
Pipe Service Points

Pipe Service Point Used to create traffic connectivity between two
points in a port-based manner (Smart Pipe). In other words, all the
traffic from one port passes to the other port. Pipe service points are
used in Point-to-Point services
PIPE
SAP
PIPE
SAP
PIPE
SAP
21
Service points classification
22
Page 161
PIPE
SAP
Service Point Interface Types

InterfaceType
Typesof Frames
AppliestoSPType
Dot1q
AsingleCVLANisclassifiedintotheservice
point
All
Stag
AsingleSVLANisclassifiedintotheservice
point
SNPandMNG
BundleC
A set of CVLANs is classified into the service

point
SAP
BundleS
AsingleSVLANandaset ofCVLANare
classifiedintotheservicepoint
SAP
AlltoOne
AllCVLANs,SVLANswithTPIDdiffthanthe
systemone anduntaggedframesthatenter
theinterface areclassifiedintotheservice
point
SAP
QinQ
AsingleSVLANandCVLANcombinationis
classifiedintotheservicepoint
SAPandMNG
23
Service Points
Service
24
Page 162
Service
25
Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface

Service point Types per Service Type
Service point type
Service Type
MNG
SAP
SNP
Pipe
Management
Yes
No
No
No
Point-to-Point
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Multipoint
No
Yes
Yes
No

MNG SP
SAP SP
SNP SP
Pipe SP
MNG SP
Only one MNG SP is

allowed per interface.
Yes
Yes
Yes
SAP SP
Yes
Yes
No
No
SNP SP
Yes
No
Yes
No
PIPE SP
Yes
No
No
Only one Pipe SP is

allowed per interface.
26
Page 163
27
Example of dot1q services
TheclassificationtoPtP1andPtP2isbased
ononecvlan.
PtP 1usessamecvlan astheclassification
atbothends
PtP 2usesdifferentcvlan asthe
classificationatbothends.
PtP1 andPtP2usesthetransportvlan
insidethenetwork.Theoriginal cvlan is
notsentinsidethenetwork.
CVlan
SAP3
10
SAP3
ptp 1
SAP1
CVlan
10
SAP1
20
SAP2
CVlan
SAP4
SAP2
120
ptp 2
TransportVlan
EVC
100
ptp1
200
ptp2
28
Page 164
SAP
SNP
SAP4
Example of bundle services
onseveralcvlans.
insidethenetwork.Theoriginalcvlan is
preservedandsentinsidethenetwork.
CVlan
SAP3
10,11
SAP3
ptp 1
SAP1
CVlan
10,11
SAP1
20,21
SAP2
CVlan
SAP4
SAP2
20,21
SAP4
ptp 2
TransportVlan
EVC
100
ptp1
200
ptp2
29
SAP
SNP
Example of Q-in-Q services
onapairofcvlan andsvlan.
insidethenetwork.Theoriginalcvlan and
svlan isnotsentinsidethenetwork.
SAP3
SVlan
CVlan
230
10
SAP3
ptp 1
SAP1
SAP4
SAP2
SVlan
CVlan
340
320
ptp 2
SVlan
CVlan
230
10
SAP1
240
20
SAP2
TransportVlan
EVC
100
ptp1
200
ptp2
SAP
SNP
30
Page 165
SAP4
Service points Attributes
31
Service Point Attributes

As described above, traffic ingresses and egresses the service via service
points. The service point attributes are divided into two types:
Ingress Attributes Define how frames are handled upon ingress, e.g.,
policing and MAC address learning.
Egress Attributes Define how frames are handled upon egress, e.g.,
preservation of the ingress CoS value upon egress, VLAN swapping.
Page 166
Service Point Attributes

General
Ingress
Egress
CVLANCoS Preservation
ServicePointID
LearningAdmin
Service PointName
AllowFlooding
CVLAN Preservation
ServicePointType
AllowBroadcast
SVLANCoS Preservation
Interface
CoS Mode
MarkingAdmin
InterfaceType
DefaultCoS
ServiceBundle ID
CVLANEncapsulation
SVLANEncapsulation
33
Service Point General Attributes

General
Service Point ID number for service point inside

the same service
Service Point Name The Name for service point

if is needed
ServicePointID
Service PointName
ServicePointType
Interface
InterfaceType
CVLANEncapsulation
SVLANEncapsulation
Service Point Type- SAP, SNP, MNG, PIPE

Interface - The logical interface on which the
service point is located
Interface Type Dot1q, S-Tag, Bundle-C, BundleS, All-to-One, Q-in-Q
C-Vlan Encapsulation - The C-VLAN classified
into the service point

S-Vlan Encapsulation - The S-VLAN classified
into the service point
34
Page 167
Service Point Ingress Attribute

Learning Admin - Indicates whether MAC
Ingress
LearningAdmin
address learning is enabled or disabled
Allow Flooding - Indicates whether incoming
AllowFlooding
AllowBroadcast
CoS Mode
DefaultCoS
frames with unknown MAC addresses are

forwarded to other service points via flooding
Allow Broadcast - Indicates whether frames with
a broadcast destination MAC address are allowed
to ingress the service via this service point
CoS Mode - Indicates how the service point
handles the CoS of frames that pass through the
service point.
Default CoS The service point CoS. If the CoS
Mode is set to overwrite the CoS decision made at
the interface level, this is the CoS value assigned
to frames that ingress the service point.
35
Service Point Egress Attribute

C-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the
Egress
CVLAN Preservation
MarkingAdmin
ServiceBundle ID
original C-VLAN CoS value is preserved or

restored for frames egressing from the service
point
C-Vlan Preservation - Indicates whether the
original C-VLAN ID is preserved or restored for
frames egressing from the service point
S-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the
original S-VLAN CoS value is preserved or
restored for frames egressing from the service
point
Marking Admin - Indicates whether re-marking of
the outer VLAN (C-VLAN or S-VLAN) of tagged
frames that pass through the service point is
enabled
Service Bundle ID - This can be used to assign
one of the available service bundles from the HQoS hierarchy queues to the service point
36
Page 168
Ethernet Service Points GUI

General
ServicePointID
Service PointName
ServicePointType
Interface
InterfaceType
CVLANEncapsulation
SVLANEncapsulation
Ingress
LearningAdmin
AllowFlooding
AllowBroadcast
CoS Mode
DefaultCoS
Egress
CVLAN Preservation
MarkingAdmin
ServiceBundle ID
37
Logical Vs. Physical Interface
38
Page 169
Logical and physical interface
39
Service Demo
40
Page 170
The Setup
IP-20N
IP-20G
IP-20C/S/E
41
Creating the Service
42
Page 171
Attaching Service Points
43
44
Page 172
45
Questions?
46
Page 173
Thank You
Page 174
Quality of Service
IP-20G
May 2015, ver5
Agenda
Standard QoS VS. H-QoS

QoS in General
QoS in IP-20C
Classification
Marker
Bandwidth Profile
Policing
Queues Manager
WRED
Scheduler
Shaper
Page 175
Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS) vs. Standard QoS

Standard QoS
Differentiation between
different traffic classes (CoS)
Services within the same traffic

class are treated as a single
aggregate with no isolation
Service 1
Voice
S
V
Service 2
Streaming
S
V
Eth.
traffic
Ethernet
Radio
Data
Service 3
Limited per-service visibility

and control
H-QoS
Each service gets its own

personalized treatment
Service 1
Service 1
D
TDM-grade performance
providing per-service full
visibility and control
Service 2
Ethernet
Radio
Service 2
V
S
Service 3
Service 3
D
Backhaul Sharing Fairness & Bursts Isolation

MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 1
Operator 1
Operator 2
Shared Backhaul
Shared Site
Shared Site
Shared Site
MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 2
Operator 1
Operator 2
N >> 8
Operator 1
Standard
QoS
Operator 2
SameCoS
Operator 1
HQoS
SameCoS
Operator 2
Page 176
Backhaul Sharing - Fairness & Bursts Isolation

MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 1
Operator 1
Operator 2
Shared Backhaul
Shared Site
Shared Site
Shared Site
MSC/RNC/S-GW
Operator 2
Operator 1
Operator 2
Operator 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Q1
3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Q1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3 2 1
Q2
3 2 1
3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3 2 1
Standard
QoS
Operator 2
Operator 1
7 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
Operator 2
QoS in IP-20
Page 177
HQoS
How does it Work?
V.ID = 100
P-Bit = 5
IP Packet
DSCP = 0
Egress Port
Ingress Port
Ethernet frame
General Overview
Scheduler
Priority
Policers
WFQ
Queues
WRED
Shapers
Service
Ingress
Egress
Page 178
Egress Port
Ingress Port
Marker
Classification
Classification
3 Hierarchies
Port (aka 1H)

VLAN (aka 1.5H)
Service Point (aka 2H)
Service (aka 3H)
Port level classification
Service
VLAN P-bits
DSCP
MPLS EXP bits
Default classification
SP
VLAN
Port
10
Page 179
Classification Hierarchies
Service #1
Calculated CoS =H3>H2>H1

Service H3
Port H1
SP H2
VLAN H1,5
Port
SAP
SAP
VLAN
SNP
SAP
Service Points classification
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Preserve previous decision

2. Default CoS
VLAN P-bits
DSCP
MPLS EXP bits
Service classification
2. Default CoS
11
CoS Classification
Calculated CoS =H3>H2>H1
Port1 H1 VLAN H1,5
Port 1
SP1 H2
VLAN
SAP
Service H3
SNP

1.
2.
3.
4.
VLAN P-bits
DSCP
MPLS EXP bits
Port2 H1

2. Default CoS
Service classification
2. Default CoS
SP2 H2
VLAN H1,5
Port 2

1.
2.
3.
4.
VLAN P-bits
DSCP
MPLS EXP bits
SAP
SNP
VLAN

2. Default CoS
12
Page 180
Classification example
Customer1
Customer2
Customer3
Customer3
13
Classification 1H
1st Priority
2nd Priority
3th Priority
4th Priority
14
Page 181
Classification 1.5H via CLI

VLAN CoS Override
For SP type Dot1q, QinQ, Bundle C, Bundle S
15
Classification 1.5H via GUI

VLAN CoS Override for Bundle C/S SPs
16
Page 182
Classification 2H
Service Point CoS Mode
17
Classification 3H
Service CoS Mode
18
Page 183
Policing
19
Ingress Policing
We can configure ingress policing based on
two rates three colors token bucket (MEF 10.2 TrTCM).
The token buckets order shall be as follow:
CoS 3
20
Page 184
Frame Type
CoS 2
Ethertype
CoS 1
Service-Point
Service-Point+CoS - service policing

Service-Point - service policing
Ethertype - port policing
Frame type (unicast, multicast, broadcast) port policing.
There are 256 profiles
There are 1024 policers.
Meaning of Colors
Dropped
NonGuaranteed
Guaranteed
21
Bandwidth Profile (BWP)

Two Rate Three Color Marking Policer Rates & Bursts
Committed Information Rate
Excess Information Rate
The rate at which tokens fill the 1st bucket
The rate at which tokens fill the 2nd bucket
Committed Burst Size
Excess Burst Size
The size of the 1st bucket
The size of the 2nd bucket
CIR & CBS defines the assured bandwidth and burst

EIR & EBS improves the networks Goodput (best effort)
22
Page 185
Bandwidth Profile (BWP)

Two Rate Three Color Marking Policer Modes Of Operation
Color Modes (CM)

Color Blind Frames are uncolored and are
marked following policer operation
Color Aware Frames were marked before.
Yellow frames jump to 2nd bucket
Coupling Flag (CF)

CF = 0 the 2nd bucket is filled based on
EIR value only
CF = 1 2nd bucket is filled based on EIR
and excess tokens not used in 1st bucket
Most Operators use CM & CF default values (CM = blind, CF = 0)

23
Defining Policer Profile
128000bps
24
Page 186
Assign a Policer to a Port
25
Assign a Policer to an SP
26
Page 187
Queues Manager & WRED & Marker
27
Queues Manager
Service #1
CoS0
Queue 0
SS
Queue 1
CoS1
CoS2
Service
SS
Queue 2
SS
Queue 3
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
CoS3
SS
Queue 4
SS
CoS4
Queue 5
SS
CoS5
Queue 6
SS
CoS6
CoS7
Queue 7
SS
SS Single Shaper
28
Page 188
WRED
Weighted Random Early Detect
Sliding window example
MaximumphysicalBWoftheline
29
WRED
IP-20 can hold 32 WRED profiles.
For each queue (in L4)
we can attach one of the WRED profiles.
30
Page 189
Creating WRED Profile
31
Queues Manager with WRED
Service #1
CoS0
Queue 0
WRED
SS
Queue 1
CoS1
CoS2
Service
SS
WRED
Queue 2
WRED
SS
Queue 3
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
CoS3
WRED
CoS4
WRED
CoS5
WRED
CoS6
WRED
SS
Queue 4
SS
Queue 5
SS
Queue 6
CoS7
SS
Queue 7
WRED
SS
SS Single Shaper
32
Page 190
Creating WRED Profile
33
Marking
34
Page 191
Painting a Frame
CFI=0,itisanEthernetFrame,itmeansgreencolor
CFI=1,itisanCanonicalformat,itmeansyellowcolor
35
Marker
CoS Preservation
Marking
Result
IP20
Enable
DontCare
Calculated
Cos=3/G
IP20
Disable
Enable
Calculated
Cos=3/Y
36
Page 192
MARKER
Service #1
CoS0
Service
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
Queue 0
WRED
MARKING
SS
Queue 1
CoS1
CoS2
WRED
CoS3
WRED
SS
MARKING
Queue 2
WRED
MARKING
SS
Queue 3
SS
MARKING
Queue 4
CoS4
WRED
MARKING
SS
Queue 5
CoS5
WRED
MARKING
SS
Queue 6
CoS6
WRED
MARKING
SS
Queue 7
CoS7
WRED
MARKING
SS
SS Single Shaper
38
Scheduling and Shaping
39
Page 193
Traffic Manager Example
10
Service#1
2
11
12
Service#2
13
14
40
PortLevel
CoS3 WRED
SS
CoS4 WRED
SS
SS
CoS6 WRED
SS
CoS7 WRED
SS
SP+
WFQ
SS
CoS1 WRED
SS
CoS2 WRED
SS
CoS3 WRED
SS
CoS4 WRED
SS
CoS5 WRED
SS
CoS6 WRED
SS
CoS7 WRED
SS
CoS QueueLevel(Withinaservice)
WFQ
Service#n
CoS0 WRED
WFQ
SP
CoS5 WRED
SP+
WFQ
ServiceBundleLevel
41
Page 194
SingleShaper
SS
WFQ
SS
CoS2 WRED
WFQ
SS
CoS1 WRED
DualShaper
Service#1
ServiceLevel
DualShaper
CoS0 WRED
MARKING
Hierarchical QoS
SS Single Shaper
SP Strict Priority
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
1st priority
2nd priority
3rd priority
4th priority
PortLevel
MARKING
Hierarchical QoS now

SS Single Shaper
SP Strict Priority
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
CoS0 WRED
PortLevel
SS
CoS3 WRED
SS
CoS4 WRED
SS
SS
CoS6 WRED
SS
CoS7 WRED
SS
SS
CoS2 WRED
SS
CoS3 WRED
SS
CoS4 WRED
SS
CoS5 WRED
SS
CoS6 WRED
SS
CoS7 WRED
SS
CoS QueueLevel(Withinaservice)
1st priority
2nd priority
3rd priority
4th priority
WFQ
SS
CoS1 WRED
DualShaper
Service#n
CoS0 WRED
WFQ
SP
CoS5 WRED
WFQ
SS
CoS2 WRED
WFQ
SS
CoS1 WRED
DualShaper
Service#1
ServiceLevel
PortLevel
ServiceBundleLevel
42
SP+WFQ Scheduling Example for one Service Bundle

ServiceLevelPortLevel
CoSLevel
Queue 0
CoS0
WRED
1st priority
2nd priority
3rd priority
4th priority
Queue 1
CoS1 WRED
SP+WFQ
Queue 2
CoS2 WRED
SP
Queue 4
CoS4 WRED
WFQ
Queue 5
CoS5 WRED
Queue 6
CoS6
WRED
Mixed scheduling
Queue 7
4 strict priorities
WFQ within same priority
Shaping per port/queue
CoS7 WRED
8 Queues
43
Page 195
SingleShaper
WFQ
Queue 3
CoS3 WRED
Scheduler Priority and WFQ

User shall can create up to 8 profiles of
priority/weight.
ClassOf
Service
Priority
when
green
Priority
when
yellow
Weight
when
green
Weight
when
yellow
ServiceName
CoS 7
20
20
Management(synch,PDUetc...)
CoS 6
20
20
RealTime1(Voicesmallbuffer)
CoS 5
20
20
RealTime2(Videolargebuffer)
CoS 4
20
20
Data Service1
CoS 3
20
20
DataService2
CoS 2
20
20
DataService3
CoS 1
20
20
DataService4
CoS 0
20
20
BestEffort
The profile is attached on logical port. All the service bundle inherit
this configuration.
44
Creating a Shaper
PIR=CIR+EIR
45
Page 196
Assign a Shaper
46
Creating Scheduler Priority Profile
47
Page 197
Creating WFQ Profile
48
Assign a Scheduler
49
Page 198
H-QoS Summary
MARKING
ServiceBundle#1
ServiceBundle#32
Policerlevel1
Policerlevel3
Policerlevel2
50
Standard QoS vs H-QoS - Summary

Standard QoS
Hierarchical QoS
Number of transmission
queues per port
Capability
256
Number of service bundles
1 (always service bundle id equal 1)
32
WRED
Per queue (two curves for green traffic and

for yellow traffic via the queue)
Per queue (two curves for green traffic and

for yellow traffic via the queue)
Shaping at queue level
Single leaky bucket
Single leaky bucket
Shaping at service bundle

level
Dual leaky bucket
Dual leaky bucket
Shaping at port level
Single leaky bucket (this level is not relevant

since it is recommended to use service bundle
level with dual leaky bucket)
Single leaky bucket
Transmission queues priority
Per queue priority (4 priorities).
Per queue priority (4 priorities). All service

bundles for a specific port inherit the 8queues priority settings.
Weighted fair Queue (WFQ)
Queue level (between queues)
Queue level (between queues)

Service Bundle level (between service
bundles)
Marker
Supported
Supported
Statistics
Queue level (8 queues)

Service bundle level (1 service bundle)
Port level
Queue level (256 queues)

Service bundle level (32 service bundles)
Port level
WFQ inside service bundle level is planned for future release.
51
Page 199
Thank You
Page 200
IP- 20G XPIC Configuration
July 2015
Version 2
Agenda
System Spectrum Utilization

ACAP
ACCP
CCDP
Co-channel System
IP-20G & XPIC
XPIC Recovery mechanism
XPIC Settings
Page 201
System Spectrum Utilization

BW
5
4
7
6
9
8
ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)

10
BW
10
ACCP (Adjacent Channel Common Pol.)
BW
V
H
10
CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarisation)
CCDP frequency plan
V
H
Vertical and Horizontal Polarization are using the same frequency
Page 202
1
2
Co-channel Systems
The XPIC improvement factor is typically 26 dB.
Two channels are using the same frequency but different polarization
RMC-B and XPIC script is required
The XPIC mechanism utilizes the received signals from the V and H modems to extract the V and H signals
and cancel the cross polarization interference due to physical signal leakage between V and H polarizations.
The H+v signal is the combination of the desired signal H (horizontal) and the interfering signal V (in lower
case, to denote that it is the interfering signal). The same happens with the vertical (V) signal reception=
V+h. The XPIC mechanism uses the received signals from both feeds and, manipulates them to produce the
desired data
IP-20Gs XPIC reaches a BER of 10e-6 at a co-channel sensitivity of 5 dB. The improvement factor in an
XPIC system is defined as the SNR@threshold of 10e-6, with or without the XPIC mechanism.
Conditions for XPIC

XPIC is enabled by selecting an XPIC script for each carrier.
In order for XPIC to be operational, all the following conditions must be met:
Communications with the RFU must be established by both radio
interfaces.
RFU type must be the same for both carriers.
The frequency of both radios must be equal.
1+1 HSB protection must not be enabled.
The same script must be loaded for both carriers.
The script must support XPIC
Page 203
RSL Vs. Threshold for system without CCDP

RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30
Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin = 43dB
-73
Threshold level BER=10-6
BER>10-6

Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-96
K Boltzmann constant
T Temperature in Kelvin
B Bandwidth
-99
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)
Time (s)
RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system without XPIC

RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30
Nominal Input Level H
Fading Margin = 12dB

Threshold level because of interference without XPIC
BER=10-6
-42
BER>10-6
-65
-73
Interference
Interference level in H (interference from V,

separation between H & V with very good antenna is
35dB)
Threshold level without interference BER=10-6
-96
-99
Time (s)
Page 204
RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system with XPIC

RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30
Nominal Input Level H
Fading Margin = 38 dB
BER>10-6
Interference level in H (interference from V, when
XPIC is not enabled
-65
XPIC will
improve
interference
for extra
26dB
Threshold level when XPIC is ON
-68
-73
Original Threshold level without CCDP and XPIC
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz) configuration

Interference level in H (interference from V, when
XPIC is enabled
-91
Interference level
Time (s)
XPIC Recovery Mechanism

The purpose of the XPIC recovery mechanism is to save the working link while
attempting to recover the faulty polarization.
The mechanism works as follows:
The indication that the recovery mechanism has been activated is a loss of
modem preamble lock, which takes place at SNR~10dB.
The first action taken by the recovery mechanism is to cause the remote
transmitter of the faulty carrier to mute, thus eliminating the disturbing signal and
saving the working link.
Following this, the mechanism attempts at intervals to recover the failed link. In
order to do so, it takes the following actions:
The remote transmitter is un-muted for a brief period.
The recovery mechanism probes the link to find out if it has recovered. If not,
it again mutes the remote transmitter.
This action is repeated in exponentially larger intervals. This is meant to
quickly bring up both channels in case of a brief channel fade, without
seriously affecting the working link if the problem has been caused by a
hardware failure.
The number of recovery attempts is user-configurable
Every such recovery attempt will cause a brief traffic hit in the working
link.
10
Page 205
MRMC selection
X means XPIC script

N Normal script
11
XPIC settings
12
Page 206
Thank you
13
Page 207
Protection System Configuration
July 2015
Version 2
Agenda
What is Protection?
General Guidelines
HSB Configuration in general principals
1+1 HSB Configuration
1+1 HSB SD Configuration
Page 209
Different types of protections systems
What is Protection?
A method of using one or more devices in a standby mode in order to
have a secondary link up when failure occurred to the active link
In order to achieve a full protected link each and every device should
be protected
The number of multiplied devices depends on the link importance
The process of keeping (something or someone) safe

Wikipedia.com
Everybody needs Protection

Page 210
Hot standby in general

1
Ch1
Main
1
Ch1
Main
In case of ch1 failure, will be traffic

switched to Protection channel
1
Protection
Protection
1
HSB system is using same frequency for Main and Standby channel (f1 & f1)
HSB system is typically 1+1
Protection channel is internally muted. Just in case Main channel failure will be Protection channel Unmuted.
Space diversity with baseband switching is based on HSB system (selection of better input level)
In Hot Standby mode only one transmitter is active, the other transmitter is standby. Both receivers are active
and hitless switching is performed if Space diversity was configured. The TX- and RX- switching at a terminal
normally operates independently, but they may be configured to operate together.
HSB Protection
IP-20G offers radio redundancy via 1+1 HSB protection. 1+1 HSB protection provides
full protection in the event of interface, signal, or RFU failure
The interfaces in a protected pair operate in active and standby mode. If there is a
failure in the active radio interface or RFU, the standby interface and RFU pair
switches to active mode
Each carrier in a protected pair reports its status to the CPU. The CPU is responsible
for determining when a switchover takes place.
In a 1+1 HSB configuration, the RFUs must be the same type and must have the
same configuration
Page 211
HSB Protection Revertive mode

In an HSB protection scheme, the active and standby radios are usually
connected to the antenna with a coupler.
This causes a -6dB loss on the secondary path on each side of the link,
resulting in a 12dB increase in the total path loss for the link.
This additional path loss will either reduce the links fade margin or increase the
power consumption of the Power Amplifier (PA) in order to compensate for the
additional path loss.
The system monitors the availability of the primary path at all times. Whenever
the primary path is operational and available, without any alarms, but the
secondary path is active, the system initiates a revertive protection switch.
Every revertive protection switch is recorded as an event in the event log.
Revertive time from Secondary radio back to Primary radio is 10 min

EACH PROTECTION SWITCH CAUSES TRAFFIC DISRUPTION!!!
Switchover Triggers
The following events trigger switchover for 1+1 HSB protection according to
their priority, with the highest priority triggers listed first.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hardware module missing

Lockout
Force switch
Traffic failures
Manual switch
Page 212
ACM and 1+1HSB

When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection, it is
essential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler
(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondary
channel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizes
system gain and optimizes ACM behavior for the following reasons:
In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.
In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.
Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile
(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).
The following ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1
configuration:
In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACM
requests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).
The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or might
stay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether the
Standby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active units ACM
requests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).
In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow the
remote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).
10
Page 213
Select Member 1
1+1 HSB only for non ABC radio configuration

1+1 HSB SD only for ABC radio configuration
Select Member 2
Summary
Submit
11
Copy to Mate
Configure first (Main) radio link (MRMC, Freq., Link ID)

1. Select first radio link for Primary radio location
2. Select Copy to mate source radio location (In this case 1st link)
3. Apply new setting
4. Click on the Copy to Mate button
12
Page 214
Multi-Carrier ABC 1+1 HSB SD Configuration
13
Multi Carrier ABC 1+1 HSB SD

1 Enable CMR mode via CLI
There must be enable CMR mode for both radios to be able create 1+1
HSB SD configuration
14
Page 215

2 - Protection Groups
Select Member 1

Summary
Submit
Select Member 2
15

3 - MC-ABC pre-configuration
1. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (1+1 HSB SD),
press Finish Submit (not next)
2. Edit created group and Enable protection
3. In next step add to this group Protection Group #1
1
2
16
Page 216

4 - MC ABC Configuration Adding member
1. Add Protection Group #1 into ABC
17
Copy to Mate

18
Page 217
Thank You
Page 218
Multi Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control

MC-ABC
July 2015
Version 1
Agenda
Multi-channel ABC in general
Multi Carrier ABC engine
Multi Carrier ABC & ACM
Multi-Carrier ABC 2+0 Configuration
Page 219
Multi-carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC)
Multi-channel Adaptive Bandwidth Control-ABC is the unique technology for traffic distribution over several
RF carriers.
The Multi-channel ABC dynamically adjusts the total link capacity depending on the number of channels and
their available capacities to provide the highest throughput at any time.
The traffic from the Ethernet WAN port is distributed to all available RF channels in a round robin fashion,
independent of packet sizes and flows. This results in a single high-capacity Ethernet link, with a high level of
resilience and efficiency.
If an RF-channel fails, the overall throughput will drop, but the remaining capacity will be fully utilized. The
QoS scheduler ensures that high priority traffic is transmitted unaffected, while low priority traffic may be
dropped if the link becomes congested.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU
Multi Carrier ABC
Multi-Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC) is an innovative technology that

creates logical bundles of multiple radio links and optimizes them for wireless
backhaul applications.
Multi-Carrier ABC enables separate radio carriers to be shared by a single Ethernet
port.
This provides an Ethernet link over the radio with multiple capacities, while still
behaving as a single Ethernet interface.
In Multi-Carrier ABC mode, traffic is divided among the carriers optimally at the radio
frame level without requiring Ethernet link aggregation (LAG).
Load balancing is performed without regard to the number of MAC addresses or the
number of traffic flows.
During fading events which cause ACM modulation changes, each carrier fluctuates
independently with hitless switchovers between modulations, increasing capacity
over a given bandwidth and maximizing spectrum utilization.
The result is 100% utilization of radio resources in which traffic load is balanced
based on instantaneous radio capacity per carrier.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU
Page 220
Multi- Carrier ABC Operation

The MC-ABC engine divides the data flows into blocks of data. Each
radio carrier is assigned blocks at a rate which is based on the ACM

profile of the carrier. Once the ACM profile of a carrier changes, the
rate at which the data blocks are delivered to this carrier changes. The
higher the ACM profile of a certain carrier, the higher the block rate
assigned to this carrier.
On the receiving side of the link, all blocks are synchronized, meaning
that blocks are delayed based on the last arriving block. The latency of
the aggregated data flow is determined by the slowest arriving block.
A low ACM profile means more latency compared to a higher ACM
profile. When all channels run the same radio script, the latency
variation for the aggregated data stream is determined by the latency
variation of one radio channel. This latency variation is slightly more
complicated to predict when the radio carriers runs at different radio
scripts, since each radio script has a unique delay distribution. MultiCarrier ABC can tolerate a large delay variance between the slowest
and the fastest arriving blocks.
MC-ABC & ACM

Multi-Carrier ABC automatically adapts to capacity changes that result
from changes in the current ACM profile.
When an ACM profile change takes place on a specific carrier, MCABC responds by changing the block size of that channel.
The process of changing the block size is performed dynamically and

is hitless.
Since the ACM profile changes are also hitless, the overall Multi-
4QAM
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM
SFEC
1024QAM
LFEC
2048QACM
High Priority
Traffic
Carrier ABC traffic is hitless.
Page 221
Multi-Carrier ABC engine
ABC Engine
1Gbps connection for
Ethernet and TDM
Network
Processor
1x Up to 2+0 MC-ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
1+1 HSB BBS MC-ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
Ethernet ports
Channelized STM-1 or E1/DS1
Multi-Carrier ABC
Channel failure/degradation
Radio
Radio
1. Systemishighlyresilientto
carrier failure/degradation
1 2
Ethernet
Traffic
ABC Engine
Network
Processor
SimpleandPowerfulTrafficAllocation TDM&Ethernet
Page 222
2+0 MC-ABC Configuration
Multi Carrier ABC 2+0

2 MC ABC Configuration
1.
2.
3.
4.
Create ABC Group 1 consists of slot 1 (channel 1) and slot 2 (channel 2)

Check if ABC group has Admin status Enable
Setup MRMC, Freq., Link ID per each radio link
Check IF Manager MC ABC Grop1 is enabled
10
Page 223
11

1 Enable CMR mode via CLI
There must be enable CMR mode for both radios to be able create 1+1
HSB SD configuration
12
Page 224

2 - Protection Groups
Select Member 1

Summary
Submit
Select Member 2
13

3 - MC-ABC pre-configuration
1. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (1+1 HSB SD),
press Finish Submit
2. Edit created group and Enable protection
3. In next step add to this group Protection Group #1
1
2
14
Page 225

4 - MC ABC Configuration Adding member
1. Add Protection Group #1 into ABC
15
Copy to Mate

16
Page 226
Thank You
Page 227
Configuration Management &

Software Download

July 2015, ver5
Agenda
Backup and Restore

Software Download
RFU Software Installation
Unit Info
Page 229
Backup & Restore
Backup and Restore

Backup and restore can be used for
Restoring configuration upon unit replacement

Duplicating configuration
Three restore points
Restore point are manually created
Backup file is generated from a restore pointed
Once a backup file is imported to a unit it can be restored
Page 230
Backup Process
Backup Configuration File Idea

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Install FTP server We recommend to use FileZilla Server (not Client)

Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
Synchronize Time via CLI
platform management time-services utc set date-and-time 30-01-2014,15:07:58
Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
Create Configuration Backup inside IP20 unit
Export Configuration Backup to FTP server
Export
File
FTP IP address
Page 231
2. FTP Setup FileZilla Settings

1. Install FileZilla Server and Run it
2. Create User in FileZilla Server
2. FTP Setup FileZilla Settings

3. Create shared folder in FTP Server PC (C:\ Backups)
4. Setup all permissions for this folder in FTP Server
FTP SERVER PC
FileZilla settings in FTP SERVER PC
5. Check Firewall settings in FTP Server PC and if port 21 is used only with
FileZilla
Page 232
3. IP20G Configuration Management Settings

Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
Status for File transfer
Status for Backup creation
User name and password

must be same as in FileZilla
Server
FTP Server IP address
!!!
Path in Server (This setup means that

file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)
Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)
Restore point selection
Time installation for future releases
4. Backup process
6. Check Export status
4. Check Status
1. Setup Configuration parameters

included Restore Point which will be
used for Configuration Backup inside
the system
2. Apply
5. Export
3. Backup
10
Page 233
Restore Process
Restore Configuration File Idea

1. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) we recommend to use FileZilla
Server (Not Client)
2. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
3. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
4. Synchronize Time via CLI
5. Import Configuration Backup from FTP Server

6. Restore Configuration Backup
Import File
FTP IP address
12
Page 234
3. IP20 Configuration Management Settings

Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
Status for Backup creation

Server
Path in Server (Means that file will be downloaded
from Home FileZilla directory in our case
C:\Backups)

Restore point selection
!!!
Time installation for future releases
13
Restore process
4. Check Import status
6. Check Restore status
1. Setup Configurations parameters

included Restore point 1-3
2.Apply
5 Restore
3.Import
RESTORE CONFIGURATION WILL NOT CHANGE CURRENT IP ADDRESS !!!

14
Page 235
Config_Dump File
15
Software Download for IDU
16
Page 236
Software Download Idea for IDU

1. Before performing a software upgrade, it is important to verify that the system date
and time are correct.
2. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) we recommend to use FileZilla
Server (Not Client)
3. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
4. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
5. Synchronize Time via CLI
6. UnZip software package for IP-20 to FTP Server shared folder

7. Download software from FTP Server
8. Install downloaded software
Software
Download
Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the current
software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an installation is
performed.
To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per slot
17
IP-20 Software Download Settings

Server
Path in FTP Server (This setup means
that configuration files will be
downloaded from Home FileZilla
directory)
18
Page 237
Software process download

4. Check Download Status
6. Check Installation Status
1. Setup Parameters
2. Apply
5. Install Downloaded Software

3. Download Software Files from FTP Server
19
20
Page 238

Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the
current software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an
installation is performed.
To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per
slot.
This enables you to manage IDU and RFU software versions separately.
In this version, you must use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to
upgrade RFU software.
21
RFU Software Installation Procedure

1. The following sequence of commands installs RFU-C software version 2.13 in the
RFU connected to slot 3.
root> platform software show rfu versions
2. The next step is to perform the update and install commands:

root> platform software update rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1
root> platform software install rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1
3. To check the status of an update or install operation, enter the following command:
root> platform software show rfu status
4. Once the installation is complete, the Install Status column should indicate installation
success and the In Progress column should indicate 100 (100%).
5.When the installation is complete, enter the show rfu versions command again to verify
that the new version has been properly installed in both the TCC and the RFU:
root> platform software show rfu versions
22
Page 239
Unit Information file
23
Unit Info
Status for Unit info creation

Server
!!!
Path in Server (This setup means that

file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)
Includes technical data about the unit and also backup files placed in restore points
This file can be forwarded to customer support, at their request, to help in analyzing issues
that may occur
24
Page 240
Create and Transfer process

4. Check Status
6. Check Export status
1. Setup Configuration
parameters included Restore
Point which will be used for
Configuration Backup inside the
system
2. Apply 3. Create
5. Export
25
Thank You
Page 241
Native TDM

July 2015 Version 4
Agenda
Native TDM Services
Hybrid Service Engine TDM + Ethernet
All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire
How to Setup Native TDM
TDM Path Protection
2
2
Page 243
Native TDM Services

IP-20G provides integrated support for transportation of TDM (E1) services
with integrated E1 interfaces.
Two types of TDM services are supported using the same hardware:
Native TDM trails
TDM Pseudowire services (enabling interoperability with third party
packet/PW equipment)
IP-20G provides native TDM support, utilizing a cross-connect module to

support up to 512 TDM trails.
The IP-20G Web EMS provides a simple and easy-to-use GUI that enables
users to provision end-to-end TDM trails. The Services Provisioning GUI
includes the following trail-creation end points:
TDM interface
Radio interface
3
3
Hybrid Services Engine Ethernet + TDM

Services engine
TDM cross-connect (VCs)
TDM
traffic
E1
Ch-STM1
TDM
PW
Network processor (EVCs)
Hybrid
Radio
Packet
traffic
GE/FE
Native TDM Services (VCs)

Ethernet Services (EVCs)
Ethernet switched (L2) services E-Line (PtP), E-LAN (MPtMP)
Ethernet port based (L1) services (smart pipe)

TDM Pseudowire services Unstructured (SAToP), Structured (CESoP)
4
4
Page 244
Hybrid services example: Ethernet EVCs + Native TDM

TDM cross-connect (VCs)
E1/ DS1
Port
SAP

PtP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
TDM
traffic
Port
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
Packet
traffic
Hybrid
Radio
MPtMP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
SAP
Network
Port
SNP
Port
Port
SAP
GE/FE
SNP
All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire

TDM
PW
E1/DS1
Port
PtP Service
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
PtP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
Port
S-VLAN =
200
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
Packet
traffic
Packet
Radio
MPtMP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
SAP
Network
Port
SNP
Port
Port
SAP
SNP
Page 245
GE/FE
How to Setup Native TDM
ETSI and ANSI
For IP-20G default standard is ETSI

To change the TDM interfaces to operate according to the ANSI (FCC) standard
(DS1), results in system reset and restores the default configuration.
Page 246
Native TDM Configuration

VC1
VC2
VC3
VC4
VC5
VC6
VC7
VC8
VC9
VC10 VC11 VC12
VC13 VC14 VC15 VCn
E1#1-16
Loop Timing
TDM
Network
9
TDM Service Configuration 1
As first we have to create any Eth. service for Radio port, because we need specify
which type of traffic will be carry by Radio.
Create any service point which is connected to the radio port in Ethernet/Services
10
10
Page 247
TDM Service Configuration 2

1
2
1 Select required TDM card

2 Select required E1or VC
3 Select Timing
Loop Timing Timing is taken from incoming traffic.
Recovered Clock Clock information is recovered on the egress path. Extra information may be located
in an RTP header that can be used to correct frequency offsets. Recovered Clock can provide very
accurate synchronization, but requires low PDV (Packer Delay Variation).
System Reference Clock Trails are synchronized to the system reference clock.
Front Panel Trails are synchronized from Front Panel synch. port.
11
Native TDM Configuration
Select Required TDM Card and Timing
E1#1-1
12
12
Page 248
TDM Service Configuration
Select VC for radio slot
VC1
VC2
VC3
VC4
VC5
VC6
VC7
VC8
VC9
VC10 VC11 VC12
VC13 VC14 VC15 VCn

E1#1-1
13
2
In remote end it needs to be set vice
versa according to drawing below
14
Page 249
Selection Summary
15
TDM Path Protection
16
Page 250
TDM Path Protection

TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network
paths for a single TDM service.
Two different kinds of path protection are available, each suitable for a
different network topology:
1:1 and 1+1 TDM path protection is suitable for ring networks that consist
entirely of IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements with two end-point interfaces for
the TDM trail.
1+1 Dual Homing TDM path protection is suitable for networks in which the
IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements are set up as a chain connected to the third
party networks at two different sites.
The ring is closed on one side by the IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements,
and on the other by third party equipment supporting standard SNCP.
In this case, there are three end-point interfaces in the IP-20N and/or
IP-20G section of the network.
17
1:1 TDM Path Protection
Backup
Path
Active
Path
1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a single
TDM trail.
Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different
paths.
Bandwidth is utilized only on the active path, freeing up resources on the standby path.
For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup
path at the TDM service end-points.
18
Page 251
1+1 TDM Path Protection
Backup
Path
Active
Path
1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a single
TDM trail.
Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different
paths.
Bandwidth is utilized for both paths parallel.
For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup
path at the TDM service end-points.
19
1+1 Dual Homing TDM Path Protection
1+1 Dual Homing
1+1 Dual Homing
1+1
1+1 TDM dual homing path protection is used for networks in which the IP-20 network elements are
set up as a chain connected to third party networks at two different sites, where one end-point is
located on an IP-20 unit and the other end-point is located on third-party equipment supporting
standard SNCP.
As with 1:1 TDM path protection, the operator defines two separate network paths for a single TDM
trail. However, unlike path protection, traffic flows through both paths simultaneously, thereby
supporting standard SNCP in the third party equipment.
20
Page 252
Configuration of Path Protection
21
Configuration for 1:1 and 1+1 TDM Path Protection
1:1 or 1+1 TDM Protection
Active
Path
Bypass
configuration
Trail ID 1
Radio Slot 1
VC-1
Bypass
configuration
E1#1
Slot 1
22
Page 253
Backup
Path
Trail ID 2
Radio Slot 2
VC-1
Configuration 1:1 or 1+1 TDM Path Protection

1
2
5
or
Active
Path
Bypass configuration
Bypass configuration
Trail ID 1
Radio Slot 1
VC-1
E1#1
Slot 1
23
TDM Service
Interface #1
Interface #2
Protection Interface
24
Page 254
Backup
Path
Trail ID 2
Radio Slot 2
VC-1
Configuration for 1+1 Dual homing Edge
1+1 Dual homing

network edge
1+1 Dual homing

network edge
Trail ID 2
Trail ID 1
1+1 TDM Protection
25
Thank You
Page 255
Troubleshooting

July 2015, ver 4
Agenda
Faults and Alarms

Performance monitoring
RMON statistic
Loopback
Page 273
Faults and Alarms
Faults
Current Alarms
Event Log
Page 274
Alarm Configuration
Performance Monitoring - Radio
Page 275
Radio Parameters
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mod
QPSK
8PSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024 QAM SFEC
1024 QAM WFEC
2048QAM
MSE Down-Threshold
-16
-17
-21
-24
-27
-30
-32
-35
-36
-39
MSE Up-Threshold
-18
-19
-23
-26
-29
-32
-34
-37
-38
-41
Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM supported from T8.0
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
Radio Parameters Defected Blocks
Page 276
MRMC actual status
Signal Level
10
Page 277
MSE Mean Square Error
11
MRMC
12
Page 278
Radio Thresholds
Displays a table of every radio threshold settings
13
Radio Traffic Capacity/Throughput
The Capacity PM Table page displays Radio Ethernet Capacity in Mbps for either radio for 15 minutes or 24 hours intervals
14
Page 279
Radio Traffic - Utilization
The Throughput PM Table page displays Radio Ethernet Throughput in Mbps for either radio for 15 minutes or 24 hours intervals
15
Radio Traffic - Frame error rate
The Frame error rate PM Table page displays Radio Frame error rate for either radio for 15 minutes or 24 hours intervals
16
Page 280
Header Compression counters
17
Performance Monitoring Ethernet Services
Page 281
ETH PM RMON
19
PM RMON Special Registers

RMONregister /Counter
Description
Undersizeframesreceived
Framesshorterthan64bytes
Oversizeframesreceived
Frameslongerthan2000bytes
Jabberframesreceived
Totalframesreceivedwithalengthofmorethan2000bytes,
butwithaninvalidFCS
Fragmentsframesreceived
Totalframesreceivedwitha lengthoflessthan64
bytes,andaninvalidFCS
Rxerrorframesreceived
TotalframesreceivedwithPhyerror
FCSframesreceived
TotalframesreceivedwithCRCerror,notcounteredin
"Fragments","Jabber"or"Rxerror"counters
Pauseframesreceived
Numberofflowcontrolpauseframesreceived
20
Page 282
Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames

Site A
T
Site B
T
Tagged Frames with frame

size > 2000 bytes
Wheningressframesexceedthe maximumframesize,RMONcounterOversizedframesreceived
isupdatedaccordingly
21
Troubleshooting with RMON: Discarding Example

Site A
T
Site B
T
Ingress traffic does not

comply to Policer rules
DiscardingExamples:
Ingressrate>RateLimiter
IngressframesdonotqualifytoPolicer rules
22
Page 283
Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific

traffic types
Site A
Site B
Rate Limiter
Monitor
VideostreamsaregenerallytransmittedoverUDP
withmulticastaddresses
Tomonitortraffic,checkouttheMulticastFrames
Receivedregister
TolimitMCtraffic,assignaPolicer withaMCCIR
rules
23
Ethernet TX / RX PM - Enabling
Enable Tx / RX Performance collection for specific Ethernet / Radio Port

It will enable TX and RX Performance collection
24
Page 284
Ethernet TX / RX PM
Performance based on 15 min and 24 hours

25
Ethernet TX / RX PM View / Threshold window
26
Page 285
Performance Monitoring TDM Services
TDM Line Alarms
An example: Line alarms number 1040 = ( 10000010000 ) = 1024 + 16

It means that 1024 is Transceiver Loss of Multi-frame and 16 is Transceiver AIS alarm
28
Page 286
TDM port PMs Table
29
Loopbacks
Page 287
RFU RF Loopback
IF LB
RFU RF LB
31
TDM Loopback
32
Page 288
Ethernet Loopback
Select port and click to Loopback button

33
Ethernet Loopback Setting
Enable Swapping MAC addresses

Enable admin status
34
Page 289
Thank You
Page 290
Synchronous Ethernet
December 2014
Version 1
Agenda
Synchronization in General
Jitter
Synchronization Effect
Concept of Synchronization in IP-20
Implementation
T3 Input & T4 output
SSM and ESMC
Sync E Clocks types
Synchronization modes of operation
Synchronization example
IP-20G Synchronization Settings
Page 333
Cascading port
December 2014
Version 1
Agenda
Hybrid TDM + Eth Concept
Configuration of Cascading port
Page 363
Hybrid (TDM + Eth) services over IP-20N cascading port
Cascading interfaces can be configured on ports 3 and 4 of an Ethernet LIC.

When operating in cascading mode, these interfaces can handle hybrid
Ethernet and Native TDM traffic, enabling operators to create links among
multiple IP-20 units in a node for multi-directional applications based on hybrid
Ethernet and Native or Pseudowire TDM services
Configuration 1st Auto negotiation - OFF
Cascading ports
Page 364
Configuration 2nd Cascading Port Configuration
Cascading ports
Configuration 3rd Configure service
Create service point for Cascading Interface

Management or Pipe service point
Page 365
Configuration 4th Configure TDM Trail
Configure required TDM Trail by using cascading port
Configuration 5th Configure Ethernet Service
Configure Ethernet Service where Cascading port will be one Service point with
specific Interface type and C & S-VLAN encapsulation
Page 366
Thank You
Page 367
Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)
December 2014
Version 3
Agenda
Link Aggregation Introduction

LAG Advantages
LAG mechanism
Page 373
Introduction to Link Aggregation

IEEE Definition:
Link Aggregation allows one or more links to be aggregated

together to form a Link Aggregation Group, such that a MAC
Client can treat the Link Aggregation Group as if it were a
single link
The Link Aggregation Group is consisting of N parallel

instances of full duplex point-to-point links operating at the
same data rate
Traffic sent to the ports in such a group is distributed through a

load balancing function
Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)

Link aggregation (LAG) enables users to group several physical interfaces into
a single logical interface bound to a single MAC address. This logical interface
is known as a LAG group. Traffic sent to the interfaces in a LAG group is
distributed by means of a load balancing function. IP-20N uses a distribution
function of up to Layer 4 in order to generate the most efficient distribution
among the LAG physical ports, taking into account:
MAC DA and MAC SA

IP DA and IP SA
C-VLAN
S-VLAN
Layer 3 Protocol Field
UDP/TCP Source Port and Destination Port
MPLS Label
Page 374
LAG
LAG can be used to provide redundancy for Ethernet interfaces, both on the
same card (line protection) and on separate cards (line protection and
equipment protection). LAGs can also be used to provide redundancy for radio
links.
LAG can also be used to aggregate several interfaces in order to create a wider
(aggregate) Ethernet link. For example, LAG can be used to create a 4 Gbps
channel.
Up to four LAG groups can be created.
LAG groups can include interfaces with the following constraints:
Only physical interfaces (including radio interfaces), not logical interfaces,
can belong to a LAG group.
Interfaces can only be added to the LAG group if no services or service
points are attached to the interface.
Any classification rules defined for the interface are overridden by the
classification rules defined for the LAG group.
When removing an interface from a LAG group, the removed interface is
assigned the default interface values.
IP-20N enables users to select the LAG members without limitations, such as
interface speed and interface type. Proper configuration of a LAG group is the
responsibility of the user.
Advantages
Page 375
Benefits of using Link Aggregation

1. Increased aggregate bandwidth
Link Aggregation allows the establishment of full duplex point-to-point links
that have a higher aggregate bandwidth than the individual links that form the
aggregation.
The capacity of the multiple links is combined into one logical link.
100 Mbps

2. Improved Resiliency
In case of a failed link, remaining links take over utilization of new available BW
Traffic via LAG is distributed according to users policy improved reliability
Page 376

3. Reduced Complexity & Administration
When multiple ports are allocated between two ETH switches, broadcast storms are
created due to physical loops. STP is required to eliminate loops by blocking the redundant
port.
When multiple ports are allocated between 2 Routers, Routing Protocols are required to
control traffic paths.
With LA STP or routing protocols are not needed, therefore, less processing is involved.
STP requires blocking and

path cost calculations

4. Reduced Cost
Instead of utilizing an expensive GbE port(s) to transport 200Mbps
>> we trunk N x FE ports
10
Page 377

5. Improved Network Efficiency / Security
For sites with limited IP address space that nevertheless require large amounts of
bandwidth, you need only one IP address for a large aggregation of interfaces.
For sites that need to hide the existence of internal interfaces, the IP address of
the aggregation hides its interfaces from external applications.
(These examples refer to using L2 topologies as well)
Multiple
Interfaces
Single
Interface
Customer
Network
Public
Network
11
LAG
12
Page 378

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