08/09/2015

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN

BDA 20402
E N G I N E E R I N G M A T E R IA L S S E L E C T I O N
2 0 1 5 / 2 0 1 6 S e m e s t er 1

CHAPTER 1 :

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SELECTION

Sabda Rasulullah SAW:
Akan datang kepada manusia suatu
zaman, di mana orang-orang tidak
peduli lagi terhadap apa-apa yang
mereka peroleh, apakah rezeki itu halal
atau haram.
(HR. Bukhary dari Abu Hurairah)
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CONTENTS
Introduction to Materials Selection:
1.1 Methods of Selection
1.2 Materials in Design
1.3 Evolution in Engineering Materials
1.4 Sources of Information

1.1 Methods of Selection

Classical (Klasik)
Imitative (Tiruan)
Comparison
(Perbandingan)

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1.1 Methods of Selection

CLASSICAL SELECTION

Selection is done through

analysis of function and
properties specification.
specification
Characteristics:
function of component
requirement of component
materials properties
requirement

1.1 Methods of Selection

IMITATIVE
Selection is made by
equality or similarity
of function.

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Imitative some instances

Some metal toilet bolts have a yellowish

zinc coating that makes them look like
brass

durable recycled plastic polymer

crafted to look and feel like real
wood

ceramic with platinum lustre

ceramic knife
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1.1 Methods of Selection

COMPARISON
Assume the component
is made from a normal
& low cost material;
the material disability is
then evaluated,
if it is not suitable then
the other material is
selected and evaluated
the process goes on
until a suitable material
is obtained.
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Comparison example

1.1 Methods of Selection

Classical method is more

specified, more global, high
cost, required longer time to
complete the selection and
need to do a prototype test.
Imitative and Comparison
method are faster and
involve low cost, however
they are more suitable for
an experienced person or
designer.

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1.2 Materials in Design

Design
a process of translating new
idea or a market need into
the detailed information
from which a product can
be manufactured.
manufactured

What is the ROLE of material in design???

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1.2 Materials in Design

FUNCTION
( Fu n gsi)

M AT E R I A L S
(Bahan)

SHAPE
(Bentuk)

P R O C ESS
(p roses)
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1.2 Materials in Design

Design problem, almost

always, are open
open--ended

FUNCTION
(Fungsi)

do not have a unique

or correct solution,

MATERIALS
(bahan)

SHAPE
(Bentuk)

although some solution

PROCESS
(proses)

will clearly be better than

others.

Note : Case studies after sub-chapter 1.4

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1.3

LUTIO

EV O

In
Engineering Materials

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1.4 Sources of Information

An engineer or designer should have a sufficient
knowledge and information
about materials and their
properties.
Standard ASTM (Am. Soc.
Testing & Materials), BS
(British), DIN German), JIS
(Japan), MS (Malaysia) etc.
Software - CES, NOVA,
PERITUS etc.
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1.4 Sources of Information

IDEA
Component
category

Complex solid, long, short, hollow

Concentric, non-hollow concentric,
Solid non concentric, cup, dish, cone,
Spirals, repititive, flat, bent, flanged

Low temp limit

High temp limit
Joining method

Shape
category

Operational
factors

Process characteristics
Quantity, Size,
Precision,
Complexity, Finish,
Cost

Housings, covers, gears, bolts,

Bearings, wear surfaces,
Electrostructural, thermostructural,
Insulators, conductors, large
Mechanical, springs, clips, force
Absobers, light transmitters

Environment resistance
Surface coating
Cost allowance

Materials characteristics

Candidate materials & processes

Materials data & optimisation

Stability, Stiffness,
Density, Max. Stress,
Toughness, Cost

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Case Study 1:

Vacuum Cleaner

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First successful vacuum cleaner Hubert Cecil Booth, 1901, England.

The machine worked well and was
popular with rich people.
It was also used in places such as
Westminster Abbey, Buckingam
Palace and windsor castle.

Booth's cleaner was so large that it

had to be pulled along by a horse, and
six people were needed to operate it.
The machines were only hired out,
never sold
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It may look like a complicated

machine, but the conventional
vacuum cleaner is actually made up
of only SIX(6) essential components:
1. An intake port, which may
include a variety of cleaning
accessories
2. An exhaust port
3. An electric motor
4. A fan
5. A porous bag
6. A housing that contains all the
other components
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1905 - 1920

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1920s 1930s

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1947

1940s 1960s

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1970s 1990s
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Beyond 2000

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21st century
robotic vacuum
cleaner

Samsungs Hauzen VC-RE70V is a

robot vacuum cleaner that is smart
enough to know if the given place has
been cleaned by it or not by using a
camera to map rooms which it had
already cleaned.
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Inside a Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner are: (1) five motors, (2) a steering
system, (3) a battery, (4) two motor-driven, and (5) tracked wheels.

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CENTRAL-VACUUM-HOUSE
The whole house as a vacuum
cleaner

RIDEABLE VACUUM CLEANER

Lundus University School of Design Philips collaboration work for future
vacuum cleaner

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Vacuum cleaner of the future a Transformer?!?

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Case Study 2:
CELL PHONE

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http://www.pcworld.com/article/173033/evolution_of_the_cell_phone.html

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SRA/Ericsson MTA
(Mobile Telephone System A)
Year: 1956
Notable qualities: The first automatic
mobile telephone system (no human
operator to manually connect the user to
an outside phone line). Heavy (~40 kgs)
and power-hungry - required permanent
installation in a vehicle.

Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

Year: 1983
Notable qualities: Small size, light
weight; the first handheld mobile phone.
engineers squeezed more capability into
less space, and Motorola built muchneeded infrastructure--the towers
necessary for cell phone service. The
beginning of cell phone revolution. 38

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Nokia Mobira Talkman

(Year: 1984)

Motorola MicroTAC
Year: 1989

Notable qualities: Early luggable

mobile phone; relatively long talk
time

Notable qualities: First flip phone,

first pocket phone; smallest and
lightest cellular phone at the time of its
debut

Motorola 2900 Bag Phone

(Year: 1994)

Motorola StarTAC
(Year: 1996)

Notable qualities: Long talk times, plus

greater battery life and signal range. Bag
phones could transmit a cell signal with
greater power, allowing the phone to be
used farther away from a receiving tower.
This was vital in the days when cellular
coverage wasn't nearly as widespread as
it is now.

Notable qualities: First fully

"clamshell" mobile phone design;
smallest and lightest mobile phone
at its release

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Nokia 9000i Communicator

(Year: 1997)

Nokia 8810
(Year: 1998)

Notable qualities: First Nokia smart

phone; first modern PDA/cell phone
combo; mobile Internet connectivity, with
Intel 386 CPU, 8MB RAM and QWERTY
keyboard. It could send and receive faxes,
text messages, and e-mail, and it also had
limited Web access, and PDA-like
organizer capabilities.

Notable qualities: First cell phone

without an external whip or stub
antenna; first "candy bar" phone.
Nokia engineers found a way around
that problem by designing a flat,
plate-like antenna that could hide
inside the body of a cell phone.
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Nokia 7110
(Year: 1999)

RIM BlackBerry 5810

(Year: 2002)

Notable qualities: World's first WAP

(Wireless Application Protocol) capable mobile phone; nifty sliding
keypad cover

Notable qualities: First BlackBerry

with an integrated voice cell phone;
push e-mail support. Became
indispensable tools for entrepreneurs
and other professionals.
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Sanyo SCP-5300
(Year: 2002)
Notable qualities: First U.S. mobile
phone with an integrated camera;
color screen, clamshell camera
phone design

T-Mobile Sidekick /
Danger Hiptop
Year: 2002
Notable qualities: Large, flippable
screen; relatively uncramped and
full-featured QWERTY keyboard
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Motorola Razr V3
Year: 2004
Notable qualities: Stylish
design, slim form, and a full
set of features (i.e flat
keyboard, a built-in camera,

Apple iPhone
Year: 2007
Notable qualities: Everything but
particularly the excellent software, the
large and sharp screen, the multi-touch
interface, visual voicemail, the App
Store, etc.

and multimedia capabilities)

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Samsung Galaxy Note

Year : 2011
Notable qualities: is an Android smartphone / tablet
computer hybrid (or phablet), introduced in October
2011 and noted for its 5.3-inch screen sizebetween
that of conventional smartphones, and larger
tabletsand its included stylus
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RELATED TIMELINE :
(http://www.futuretimeline.net)

2019 Computers are expected to break the

exaflop barrier

Phoning the future?!?

2020 Internet use reaches 5 billion

worldwide
2020 Texting by thinking
2024 - Petabyte storage devices are available
2026 The cost per watt of solar PV has
dropped to below $1
2030 AI is widespread
2032 Terabit internet speeds are
commonplace

futuristic glass phones

http://www.atishayjain.info/2011/01/future-mobile-phones-in-india.html

2037 Quantum computers are widely

available
2057 Computers reach another milestone
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Case Study 3:

PASSENGER CAR

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1769 Nicolas Cugnot Steam Car

1936 - Toyota Model AA

2015 Audi TT

1972 Maserati BOOMERANG

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More story at:

http://www.autoevolution.com/volkswagen/history/

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http://www.squidoo.com/vwbeetlehistory#module12250758

1932 VW Beetle Prototype

1936 VW Beetle Prototype

1944 VW Beetle

Volkswagen's "Theory of
evolution" ad, showing
models from 1949 to 1963,
without much change.

http://www.cartype.com/pics/3
814/full/evolution-ad.jpg

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VOLKSWAGEN Beetle 1945 - 2003

VOLKSWAGEN Beetle 1998 - 2005

VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE RSI 2001 - 2002

VOLKSWAGEN Beetle Cabrio 2003 - 2005

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VOLKSWAGEN Beetle Cabrio 2005 - Present

VOLKSWAGEN Beetle 2005 - Present

VOLKSWAGEN Beetle 2011 - Present

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The Unsinkable Beetle

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Case Study 4:

BODY ARMOUR
Body Armor is protective
defensive covering worn to
protect the body against
weapons.
Bullet proof body armor does
not deflect bullets.
Bullet proof body armor
instead absorbs the impact
and spreads its force over a
larger portion of the body.
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2500 BC
First historical
evidence of helmets,
shields and leather
body armor used
by Sumerian soldiers
the helmets were
made of copper
copper, the
shields and body
armor were made of
leather.
leather

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1550-1500 BC
First full body armor
made of bronze
plates.

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500-400 BC
First chainmail
body armor
invented by the
Celtic people

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300-200 BC
First chainmail
body armor
discovered in Horn
Jatov, Slovakia and
a Celtic chieftains
burial site located in
Ciumeti, Romania
(dated to 300-200
BC).
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1400
First full body armor made of steel plates.

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1966
Kevlar was invented
by Stephanie
Kwolek and
patented in 1966.
Used in the 1970s
for bulletproof body
armor in vests.

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1967
Bulletproof body
armor vests were
designed to hold
hard ceramic
plates.

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1975
First mass production of Kevlar bulletproof
body armor vests.

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1999
Spider silk
bulletproof body
armor vests
research and
development.

Spider silk after MPI treatment, lifting a

weight of 27.5 g on a hook.
Credit: Max-Planck-Institute of
Microstructure Physics
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2006
Liquid bulletproof body
armor vests
nanotechnology research
and development shear
thickening fluid (STF).

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FUTURE?

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Quiz 2
(Take Home Version a.k.a Blog Version)

Pisau dapur biasanya di perbuat daripada keluli dan keluli tahan karat.
Tetapi Kyocera mengeluarkan pisau yang diperbuat daripada zirconia dan
mengatakan bahawa ianya lebih baik dari kedua-dua pisau keluli dan keluli
tahan karat. Pisau seramik di katakan lebih diminati terutamanya kepada
pengguna atau tukang masak yang mahu menyediakan sushi kegemaran
mereka atau untuk memotong daging tidak bertulang dan sayuran setiap
hari. Bandingkan ketiga-tiga pilihan bahan untuk pisau dapur dan setiap
satu bahan perlu dinyatakan justifikasi berdasarkan keperluan pengguna
Kitchen knives are generally made of steel and stainless steel. But Kyocera
produced knives made of zirconia and claimed it to be better than knives
made of both steel and stainless steel. Ceramic knives are said to be more
desirable especially to consumers or chefs wanting to prepare their favorite
sushi or simply for everyday cutting of boneless meat and vegetables.
Compare the three choices of material for kitchen knives and each material
has to be justified based on consumers requirement.
NOTE: Will be posted in the blog very soon.
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