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This document discusses the gas exchange system in humans. It begins by defining the difference between breathing and gaseous exchange as oxygen being used for cellular respiration. The requirements for an efficient gas exchange system include having a large, moist, and thin surface area, a transport system, a ventilating mechanism, and protection.
In humans, the air passages include the nasal passage, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. The lungs have adaptations for gas exchange like a large surface area and thin membranes. Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs via diffusion. Oxygen is transported through the body bonded to hemoglobin while carbon
This document discusses the gas exchange system in humans. It begins by defining the difference between breathing and gaseous exchange as oxygen being used for cellular respiration. The requirements for an efficient gas exchange system include having a large, moist, and thin surface area, a transport system, a ventilating mechanism, and protection.
In humans, the air passages include the nasal passage, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. The lungs have adaptations for gas exchange like a large surface area and thin membranes. Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs via diffusion. Oxygen is transported through the body bonded to hemoglobin while carbon
This document discusses the gas exchange system in humans. It begins by defining the difference between breathing and gaseous exchange as oxygen being used for cellular respiration. The requirements for an efficient gas exchange system include having a large, moist, and thin surface area, a transport system, a ventilating mechanism, and protection.
In humans, the air passages include the nasal passage, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. The lungs have adaptations for gas exchange like a large surface area and thin membranes. Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs via diffusion. Oxygen is transported through the body bonded to hemoglobin while carbon
BREATHING AND GASEOUS EXCHANGE? Discuss with a peer. 1 and half minutes
After respiration the oxygen gas is changed into ______________,
Carbon dioxide
If CO2 accumulate it joins with water forming carbonic acid
change pH affect enzymes
REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EFFICIENT GAS
EXCHANGE SYSTEM See table pg 205
Large, moist and thin surface
A transport system
Ventilating mechanism
protection
HOW REQUIREMENTS ARE SATISFIED IN
DIFFERENT ORGANISMS (SEE PG 206207)
VOLUME TO SURFACE AREA RATIO PG
208
GASEOUS EXCHANGE SYSTEM IN
HUMANS AIR PASSAGE: Nasal passage (warmed, moistened and cleaned of dust and germs) pharynx trachea (has c-shaped cartilage to keep it open)
Trachea 2 bronchi bronchioles alveolus
ADAPTATIONS OF AIR PASSAGES SEE TABLE PG 21
THE LUNGS (PG 213)
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LUNG
ADAPTATIONS (PG 214)
ACTIVITY 2.4.7 PG 220 NO 1-3
ACTIVITY 2.4.7 PG 220 NO 1-3
1 a) F b) B c) A d) J e) K f) C 2 rib cage Fluid of pleural membrane 3. C- Rib D- intercostal muscle G- Trachea H- Pulmonary artery I- Pulmonary vein
BREATHING PRAC 2.4.4 PG 215-216
BREATHING SEE TABLE ON PG 217
Inhalation and exhalation difference.
ACT 2.4.5 PG 218
TEST FOR CO2
Clear lime water turned milky in the presence of CO2
MODIFICATION OF BREATHING RATE
Can be modified voluntarily within limits . Average of 15 breaths per minute. See flow diagram pg 224- How breathing rate is controlled involuntarily. *Homeostasis
GASEOUS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT
AT LUNGS O2 moves from lungs to capillaries and CO2 moves from the capillaries to the lung by DIFFUSION. OXYGEN TRANSPORT Oxygen + haemoglobin (RBC) = oxyhaemoglobin Some also dissolved in plasma. left side of heart aorta all cells of the body.
.GASEOUS EXCHANGE AND
TRANSPORT AT THE TISSUES: O2 moves from the capillaries to the tissues and CO2 from the tissues to the capillaries by DIFFUSION. TRANSPORT OF CO2 Mostly: CO2 + H2O (plasma) = carbonic acid bicarbonate ions Some dissolves in blood plasma Some CO2 + haemoglobin = carbhaemoglobin Right of heart lungs
ACTIVITY 2.4.9 PG 227 A ONLY
AVAILABILITY OF O2 AT HIGH ALTITUDES
PG 228 Air at high altitudes is less dense and thus has less O2 People living high altitudes breath more deeply and quickly, they also have more red blood corpuscles.
ACTIVITY 2.4.10 PG 229-230
DISEASES AND ALLERGIES OF THE GAS
EXCHANGE SYSTEM Allergen- something which causes an allergic reaction Disease- normal functioning is disturbed. SEE TABLE PG 231