Tujuan :
PENGENALAN
KONTROL PROSES DI INDUSTRI
MUHAMAD ALI, MT
http://muhal.wordpress.com
POIN PENTING:
1. Sistem Kontrol Proses
Steam
Steam
Process
fluid
Ti(t)
Process
fluid
T(t)
T
Ti(t)
T(t)
T
Condensate
return
Condensate
return
11/15/2012
T(t)
T
Condensate
return
Prinsip Kerja
T(t)
T
Condensate
return
(1) Mengukur
temperatur outlet dari
proses dengan sensor
suhu (thermocouple,
resistance temperature
device, thermistor, dll.)
(2) Transmitter mengirim
sinyal kepada kontroller
(3) Controller
membandingkan sinyal
terhadap set point, dan
memutuskan aksi apa
untuk menjaga suhu
sesuai set point.
Controller
SP
(1)Sensor/transmitter
Elemen primer dan
sekunder.
TC
Final control
element
Steam
Transmitter
T(t)
Ti(t)
Sensor
Condensate
return
Steam
Transmitter
TT
Process
fluid
TC
TT
Process
fluid
Controller
Final control
element
T(t)
Ti(t)
Sensor
T
Condensate
return
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2 Istilah Penting
Variabel Kontrol (variabel proses , pengukuran).
(1) Measurement(M).
Pengukuran variabel yang
akan dikontrol
(2) Decision(D). Berdasar
pengukuran, controller
memutuskan aksi untuk
menjaga nilai variabel
sesuai set point.
TC
SP
Final control
element
Steam
Transmitter
TT
Process
fluid
Sensor
TC
Steam
Condensate
return
Istilah Penting
TT
Process
fluid
T(t)
Ti(t)
Sensor
T
Condensate
return
2 Istilah Penting
Controller
Final control
element
Transmitter
T(t)
Ti(t)
SP
Controller
TC
Final control
element
Steam
Transmitter
TT
Process
fluid
T(t)
Ti(t)
Sensor
Condensate
return
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4 Strategi Kontrol
Points
Points:
Prinsip Kerja
4. Strategi Kontrol
4. Strategi Kontrol
Prinsip Kerja
Jika suhu pada proses
turun karena adanya
gangguan, maka pengaruh
ini harus dipropagasi
melalui heat exchanger
sebelum outlet temperature
turun. Sekali outlet
temperature berubah
nilainya maka signal dari
transmitter menuju
controller juga berubah.
Prinsip Kerja
SP
Controller
TC
Final control
element
Steam
Transmitter
TT
Process
fluid
T(t)
Ti(t)
Sensor
T
Condensate
return
4. Strategi Kontrol
SP
4. Strategi Kontrol
INLET
TEMPERATURE
TIME
OUTLET
TEMPERATURE
OUTLET
TEMPERATURE
TIME
TIME
CONTROLLER
OUTPUT
TIME
CONTROLLER
OUTPUT
INLET
TEMPERATURE
TIME
Response of
feedback control
TIME
Response of
feedback control
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4. Strategi Kontrol
Karakteristik feedback control
SP
Controller
Summing
junction
Output
Or
Controlled
variable
Process
or plant
Final control
element
Disturbance 2
Sensor/
Transmitter
4. Strategi Kontrol
Poin:
Kelemahan
Prinsip Kerja
SP
Controller
TC
Final control
element
Steam
Transmitter
TT
Process
fluid
T(t)
Ti(t)
Sensor
T
Condensate
return
Prinsip Kerja
Feedforward control merupakan startegi kontrol
proses yang banyak digunakan di industri. Strategi ini
sangat sederhana dan sudah populer.
Tujuan dari feedforward control adalah untuk
mengukur gangguan dan mengkompensasinya
sebelum controlled variable menyimpang dari nilai
set point. Jika kompensasinya benar, maka
penyimpangan controlled variable akan minimum.
SP
Feedforward
controller
Steam
TT
T(t)
Ti(t)
T Condensation
retun
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SP
Sensor/
Tranmitter
Feedforward
controller
Steam
SP
Feedforward controller
makes the decision about
how to manipulate the
steam valve to maintain
the controlled variable at
set point.
Process flow
Disturbances
TT
Controller
Output
Or
Controlled
variable
Process
or plant
Final control
element
T(t)
Ti(t)
T Condensation
retun
SP
Feedforward
controller
Steam
TT
f(t)
T(t)
Ti(t)
T
Condensation
retun
Some examples:
Washing machine
SP
Feedforward
controller
Oven
Feedforward
control system
Steam
TT
T(t)
Ti(t)
Microwave oven
T Condensation
retun
Air conditioner
Feedback
control system
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Review:
Feedback control system
?:
Harga
Pilihan
Perbandingan
An open-loop
system
Feedforward
Control System
Tidak dapat
mengkompensasi
semua gangguan
Struktur Sederhana
dan biaya murah
Feedback Control
System
Dapat
mengkompensasi
semua gangguan
Struktur Komplex
dan Biaya Mahal
A closed-loop
system
In this example,
Feedforward control
now compensate for
the major
disturbance;
feedback control
compensate for all
other disturbances.
TC
SP
Feedforward
controller
+
+
TC
SP
Feedforward
controller
+
+
Steam
TT
f(t)
TT
T(t)
Ti(t)
T Condensation
retun
Steam
TT
f(t)
TT
T(t)
Ti(t)
T Condensation
retun
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1.5 SUMMARY
1.5 SUMMARY