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TOPIC

Engine types and

operation

Cylinder Geometry
Intake manifold
and Valve

Exhaust manifold
and Valve

Vc
TDC

Bore, B
Vt
Vd

Stroke, L

BDC
l

Connecting Rod
Length
Crank Radius, a
2

Cylinder Geometry
Intake manifold
and Valve

Exhaust manifold
and Valve

Compression ratio

Vc
TDC

Bore, B

rc

maximum cylinder volume Vd Vc

minimum cylinder volume

Vc

Vt
Vd

Stroke, L

BDC

Displaced (swept) volume

B2
Vd
L
4

Connecting Rod
Length
Crank Radius, a
3

Operating Cycles
4-stroke cycle: Requires two complete revolutions
to complete a cycle
2-stroke cycle: Requires one complete revolution
to complete a cycle

Four-stroke operating cycle

Four-stroke operating cycle

Exhaust

Inlet

Two-stroke operating cycle

Two-stroke operating cycle

Engine Classifications
Application (road, railroad, airborne, utility, stationary)
Design (reciprocating, rotary)
Cycle (four-stroke, two-stroke, naturally aspirated, supercharged)
Valve Design and Location (overhead, underhead )
Fuel (gasoline, diesel, CNG, LPG)
Fuel/Air Mixing (carburetor, fuel injection)
Ignition (spark, compression)
Combustion Chamber design (open, divided)
Load Control (fuel control, fuel/air mixture control)
Cooling (water, air, uncooled)
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Spark Ignition Engines

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Spark Ignition Engines

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Spark Ignition Engines

12

Single point fuel injection

Multipoint port fuel injection

Direct injection in SI engines

Compression
Ignition
Engines

16

Compression
Ignition
Engines

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Compression Ignition Engines

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Compression
Ignition
Engines

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Engine Classifications

Engine Classifications