13
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
1. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
Figure 131
1
2
1
2
1
2. Which nucleotide in Figure 131 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
a. uracil
c. cytosine
b. guanine
d. adenine
d. proteins
5. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?
a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
7. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide
depends on the
a. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA.
9. In eukaryotes
a. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus.
b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
1
2
10. Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of
gene mutation?
a. substitution
c. deletion
b. insertion
d. inversion
_____
Figure 132
Mutant 2
26. Mutant 1 in Figure 132 is the result of a(n) ________________ because part of the chromosome
reverses direction.
27. The element bromine can cause a genetic change, so bromine is called a _____________.
28. A mutation in a series of genes called ____________________ can change the organs that
develop in specific parts of an embryo.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
Figure 131
____________
____________
____________
____________
31. What must happen to a DNA molecule before nucleotides can begin to be assembled into a
new RNA strand?
_________________
____________
____________
____________
____________
Figure 133
Protein Synthesis
Figure 134
35. Describe the functions of the three kinds of RNA illustrated in Figure 134.
_________________
____________
____________
Figure 135
36. Interpret Visuals What is structure E in Figure 135? What does it specify?
_________________
____________
____________
37. Predict What would happen to structure F in Figure 135 if structure C were deleted?
_________________
____________
____________
38. Predict In Figure 135, what effect would the deletion of structure C have on the process
that occurs during step Y?
_________________
____________
____________
39. Why do some kinds of point mutations generally result in greater changes in proteins than
others?
_________________
____________
____________
Figure 132
40. Classify What term describes the general type of mutation occurring in A, B, C, and D in
Figure 132?
_________________
____________
____________
41. Interpret Visuals In Figure 132, which process or processes involve two chromosomes?
_________________
____________
____________
42. Interpret Visuals During which process in Figure 132 does a segment of a chromosome
become oriented in the reverse direction?
_________________
____________
____________
____________
____________